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BIN NG MT S TNH CHT T TRNG LA

VNG NG BNG SNG HNG V NG BNG


SNG CU LONG
Trn Minh Tin1, H Quang c2, Hong Trng Qu3
1. t vn
ng bng sng Hng (BSH) v ng bng sng Cu Long
(BSCL) l nhng vng sn xut nng nghip chnh ca c nc,
c bit l sn xut la. Tnh chung c hai vng, din tch trng la
chim khong 68% v sn lng chim trn 70% so vi c nc,
ring BSCL cn l ni sn xut 95% lng go xut khu ca
Vit Nam. Theo Cm nang S dng t nng nghip (B Nng
nghip & PTNT, 2009) v s liu ca Tng cc Thng k
(http://www.gso.gov.vn): Din tch t trng la c hai vng gim
i nhng din tch gieo trng li tng ln do h s s dng t tng,
t 1,49 (nm 1990) ln 1,92 (2007). Nng sut la tng t 35,7 t/ha
(1990) ln 55,3 t/ha (2011). t c nhng tin b trn l do
chng ta p dng nhiu bin php k thut, c cu ging ci tin
vi cc ging la cao sn, la lai c gieo trng ph bin thay th
cc ging a phng nng sut thp; s dng phn bn tng nhanh,
h thng ti tiu ngy cng hon thin... Tuy nhin, chng ta cng
ang phi i mt vi rt nhiu thch thc do s xut hin ca cc
yu t hn ch (YTHC) ph nhiu t m nguyn nhn l do ch
s dng phn bn, canh tc cha hp l, dn n thiu ht mt s
nguyn t dinh dng trong t, hay tch ly trong t mt s
nguyn t gy c cho cy trng. Nhng thay i v s dng phn
bn gn y, nh qu thin v bn phn ha hc v ch yu l bn
phn a lng (N, P, K), bn khng cn i l nhng nguyn
nhn ch yu hnh thnh cc YTHC ny. Mt khc, cc hin tng
t nhin nh hn hn, l lt, nc bin dng cng hnh thnh cc
YTHC trong t la. Nhng YTHC ny gp phn lm gim nng
sut, hiu qu s dng phn bn v hiu qu kinh t ca sn xut la.
Trng BM Pht sinh hc v Phn loi t, Vin Th nhng NH. T: 0912315399. Email:
tranminhtien74@yahoo.com
2
Vin trng Vin Th nhng Nng ha. 0913582904, Email: hqduc@hn.vnn.vn
3
Vin Th nhng Nng ha
1

141

Bi vit ny trnh by kt qu nghin cu v s thay i mt s


tnh cht ca mt s loi t trng la chnh BSH v BSCL.
Cc s liu v tnh cht t l ca tng t mt (tng canh tc). S
liu thi k 1975 c tng hp t kt qu phn tch t trong cc
bo co bn t cc vng, cc tnh; s liu nm 2005 v 2012
c tp hp t mt s ti thc hin ti Vin Th nhng Nng
ha (Vin Th nhng Nng ha, 2010). Kt qu nh gi t nghin
cu ny l c s d bo kh nng xut hin ca cc YTHC ph
nhiu i vi t trng la hai vng BSH v BSCL.
2. S thay i mt s tnh cht t trng la vng BSH v
BSCL
Theo Ban Bin tp Bn t VN (1976), cc loi t chnh
dng sn xut la vng BSH v BSCL gm t ph sa, t
phn, t mn, t xm bc mu v t ly v than bn/t gly
(Bng 1).
Bng 1. Din tch cc loi t chnh vng BSH v BSCL
TT

Loi t

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

t ct
t mn
t phn
t ly v than bn
t ph sa
t xm bc mu
t vng
Tng cng:

BSH
Din tch
T l
(1.000 ha)
(%)
15,4
1,1
132,2
9,2
78,6
5,4
120,8
8,4
692,9
48,0
89,3
6,2
313,2
21,7
1.442,4 100,0

BSCL
Din tch
T l
(1.000 ha)
(%)
44,4
1,4
884,2
27,2
1.531,5
47,0
40,4
1,2
602,2
18,4
128,8
4,0
24,8
0,8
3.256,3 100,0

2.1. t mn
L nhm t ph sa ven bin c hnh thnh do trm tch
bin chu nh hng ca nc mn trn, hoc mn mch ven bin,
ca sng. Nhm t mn c chia thnh cc loi sau: (i) t mn
s, vt, c; (ii) t mn nhiu; (iii) t mn trung bnh v t; v
(iv) t mn kim.

142

Nhn chung t mn c phn ng trung tnh v kim yu, hm


lng hu c cng nh cc nguyn t dinh dng khc u mc
trung bnh v kh (t Vit Nam, 2000). Tp hp s liu v tnh
cht tng t mt ca t mn vng BSH (Bng 2) v vng
BSCL (Bng 3) cho thy:
- vng BSH: Hu ht cc ch s v dinh dng ca t
mn hin nay u cao hn trc y, ch c hm lng kali d tiu
gim mnh, t 36 mg K2O/100 g t xung cn khong 18 mg
K2O/100g t (gim 50%). iu ny c th do vic bn phn khng
cn i hoc do b con nng dn cha ch trng n vic bn kali
cho t. Ngoi ra, c th l do cc bin php ra mn nn cc
cation kim b ra tri mt cch mnh m, hm lng Ca++ gim
khong 25% v Mg++ gim 50%.
- vng BSCL: Hm lng cc cht tng s trong t mn
cng nh d tiu u tng hoc gi n nh, khng thay i nhiu.
Hm lng ln d tiu gim kh r, khong 20% (t 6,59 xung
cn 5,23 mg P2O5/100g t), nhng t l kali d tiu li tng gn
30%, t 40,0 ln 56,0 mg K2O/100g t. Di tc ng ca vic
ra mn lm cho hm lng cc cation trao i u gim nh, hm
lng Ca2+ gim t 2,39 xung 2,25 meq/100g t v Mg2+ gim t
3,33 xung 3,31 meq/100 g t.

143

Bng 2. Bin ng mt s tnh cht ca t mn vng BSH


Ch tiu

Thng s

S liu 1975

S liu 2005

Carbon
hu c
(%OC)

S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)

Bin ng
(2005-1975)

76
1,09
0,61

74
1,98
0,63

+0,89

0,95-1,23

1,83-2,13

m tng
s (%N)

< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)

74
0,14
0,05

74
0,16
0,05

0,13-0,15

0,15-0,17

Ln tng
s (%P2O5)

< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)

74
0,09
0,05

75
0,11
0,05

0,07-0,1

0,10-0,12

Kali tng
s (%K2O)

< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)

51
1,45
0,78

75
1,76
0,50

< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)

1,23-1,67

1,65-1,88

42
9,15
10,85

75
13,87
8,67

< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)

5,76-12,53

11,87-15,86

39
35,97
32,36

75
18,31
13,02

< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)

25,48-46,47

15,32-21,31

55
4,54
2,42

75
3,34
1,81

3,89-5,20

2,93-3,76

Mg
(meq/100 g
t)

< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)

55
5,74
4,78

75
2,82
1,64

4,44-7,03

2,45-3,20

CEC
(meq/100 g
t)

< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)

75
15,08
3,54

Ln d tiu
(mg
P2O5/100 g
t)
Kali d
tiu (mg
K2O /100 g
t)
2+

Ca
(meq/100 g
t)
2+

< m , 95%<

144

14,27-15,89

+0,02

+0,02

+0,31

+4,72

-17,66

-1,2

-2,92

Bng 3. Bin ng mt s tnh cht ca t mn vng BSCL


Thng s

S liu 1975

S liu 2005

Carbon
hu c
(%OC)

S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)

Bin ng
(2005-1975)

29
1,47
1,22

128
2,51
1,08

+1,04

1,00-1,93

2,32-2,70

m tng
s (%N)

< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)

30
0,13
0,08

128
0,15
0,06

< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)

0,10-0,16

0,14-0,16

27
0,10
0,16

128
0,11
0,06

< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)

0,04-0,16

0,10-0,12

23
1,24
0,53

128
1,86
0,54

< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)

1,01-1,47

1,76-1,95

28
6,59
4,07
5,01-8,16

128
5,23
4,42
4,45-6,00

40,00

128
55,97
40,88

Ch tiu

Ln tng
s (%P2O5)
Kali tng
s (%K2O)

Ln d tiu
(mg
P2O5/100 g
t)
Kali d
tiu (mg
K2O /100 g
t)
2+

Ca
(meq/100 g
t)

< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)
< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)

+0,01

+0,62

-1,36

+15,97

48,82-63,12
27
2,39
1,90

128
2,25
0,87

1,64-3,14

2,10-2,41

Mg
(meq/100 g
t)

< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)

27
3,33
4,04

128
3,31
1,42

1,73-4,92

3,06-3,56

CEC
(meq/100 g
t)

< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)

3
13,77
8,60

128
16,00
3,11

< m , 95%<

7,60-35,13

15,46-16,54

2+

+0,02

-0,14

-0,02

+2,23

145

2.2. t phn
Bng 4. Bin ng mt s tnh cht ca t phn vng BSH
Ch tiu

Thng s

Carbon
hu c
(%OC)

S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)

m tng
s (%N)

< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)

Ln tng
s (%P2O5)
Kali tng
s (%K2O)

Ln d tiu
(mg
P2O5/100 g
t)
Kali d
tiu (mg
K2O /100 g
t)

< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)
< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)
< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)
< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)

Ca2+
(meq/100 g
t)

< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)

Mg2+
(meq/100 g
t)

< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)

CEC
(meq/100 g
t)

< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)
< m , 95%<

146

S liu
1975
14,20

0,34

0,07

0,68

2,62

17,19

3,50

3,13

S liu 2005
99
2,45
0,86
2,27-2,62
99
0,19
0,15
0,16-0,22
99
0,13
0,07
0,12-0,14
99
1,29
0,45
1,20-1,38
99
14,97
19,83
11,02-18,93
99
9,02
5,12
8,00-10,04
99
3,77
2,32
3,31-4,23
99
1,45
0,90
1,27-1,63
99
15,69
3,26
15,04-16,34

Bin ng
(2005-1975)
-11,75

- 0,19

+0,06

+0,61

+12,35

-8,17

+0,22

-1,68

Bng 5. Bin ng mt s tnh cht ca t phn vng BSCL


Ch tiu

Thng s

S liu
1975
43
4,95
5,09

S liu 2005

Bin ng
(2005-1975)

280
3,65
1,95

-1,3

Carbon
hu c
(%OC)

S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)

3,38-6,51

3,42-3,88

m tng
s (%N)

< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)

46
0,30
0,20

280
0,23
0,09

0,24-0,36

0,22-0,24

Ln tng
s (%P2O5)

< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)

46
0,06
0,03

280
0,08
0,05

0,05-0,06

0,08-0,09

Kali tng
s (%K2O)

< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)

27
1,29
0,64

280
1,50
0,41

< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)

1,03-1,54

1,46-1,55

45
5,50
4,97

280
4,89
6,00

< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)

4,00-6,99

4,19-5,60

16
11,93
8,01

280
20,13
21,69

7,66-16,20

17,58-22,68

Ca
(meq/100 g
t)

< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)

38
3,24
2,00

280
1,76
0,96

2,58-3,89

1,65-1,88

Mg2+
(meq/100 g
t)

< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)

37
6,22
4,43

280
2,12
1,34

4,74-7,70

1,96-2,28

CEC
(meq/100 g
t)

< m , 95%<
S mu (n)
Trung bnh (Mean)
lch chun (Std)

3
45,89
10,25
20,4371,34

280
16,70
2,90

Ln d tiu
(mg
P2O5/100 g
t)
Kali d
tiu (mg
K2O /100 g
t)
2+

< m , 95%<

-0,07

+0,02

+0,21

-0,61

+8,2

-1,48

-4,1

-29,19

16,36-17,04

147

t phn c hnh thnh do sn phm bi t ph sa vi vt


liu sinh phn (xc thc vt cha lu hunh - pyrite), pht trin
mnh mi trng m mn, kh thot nc. Nhm t phn c
chia thnh hai loi: (i) t phn tim tng; v (ii) t phn hot
ng.
t phn c pH thp, hm lng hu c cao, Al v Fe di
ng cao, Ca++ v Mg++ thp, Al+++ di ng cao (t Vit Nam,
2000). Tp hp s liu v tnh cht tng t mt ca t phn vng
BSH (Bng 4) v vng BSCL (Bng 5) cho thy mt s nt ni
bt sau:
- t phn vng BSH: Hm lng carbon hu c, m tng
s, kali d tiu trong t phn hin nay u gim i ng k. Hm
lng carbon hu c gim mnh, t 14,20% OC xung cn 2,45%
OC. Hm lng kali d tiu gim khong 50%, t 17,19 xung cn
9,02 mg K2O/100 g t, trong khi hm lng ln d tiu tng rt r,
t khong 2,62 ln ti 14,97 mg P2O5/100 g t.
- t phn vng BSCL: Hm lng m, carbon hu c,
cc cation kim gim mnh, hm lng ln, kali c xu hng tng
nh. Mt im ni bt l s suy gim dung tch hp thu trong t
phn vng ny, dung tch hp thu gim t 45,89 meq/100 g t (s
liu 1975) xung cn khong 16,70 meq/100 g t (s liu 2005).
2.3. t ph sa
t ph sa c hnh thnh do sn phm bi p ca cc h
thng sng theo nhng loi hnh tam gic chu th hoc ng bng
ven bin. Theo phn loi pht sinh, nhm t ph sa c chia ra
thnh ba loi chnh (i) t ph sa h thng sng Hng; (ii) t ph
sa h thng sng Cu Long; v (iv) t ph sa h thng cc sng
khc. Tuy nhin, theo h thng phn loi mi (Vin Th nhng
Nng ha, 2005) th hu ht t ph sa thuc hai loi chnh l (i)
t ph sa chua; v (ii) t ph sa t chua.

148

Bng 6. Bin ng mt s tnh cht ca t ph sa chua


Ch tiu

S liu 1975

Hm lng st (%)
pH KCl
Carbon hu c (%OC)
m tng s (%N)
Ln tng s (%P2O5)
Ln d tiu (mg P2O5/100 g t)
Kali tng s (%K2O)

32-63
3,77-4,25
1,30-5,16
0,11-0,22
0,05-0,10
4,95-11,80
0,03-0,85

S liu 2012
(n=75)
37-42
4,50-4,77
2,15-2,54
0,18-0,20
0,09-0,11
8,68-12,87
1,39-1,60

Kali d tiu (mg K2O/100 g t)


Tng cation Ca + Mg (meq/100 g
t)
CEC (meq/100 g t)

10,10-15,00
4,50-12,50

14,63-20,69
5,82-7,27

10,94-14,00

14,25-16,09

Do c im hnh thnh, ph nhiu ca t ph sa ph


thuc cht lng sn phm phong ha t thng ngun. Ni chung
tr nhng t ph sa chua mang sn phm t m giu thch anh
ngho dinh dng, cn i b phn t ph sa c cc cht dinh
dng nh hu c, m, ln, kali, Ca++, Mg++ mc trung bnh v
kh; c bit nhng t ph sa mi, cha khai thc nhiu thng
giu kali (t Vit Nam, 2000). S liu so snh bin ng mt s
tnh cht ca t ph sa chua (Bng 6) v t ph sa t chua (Bng
7) cho thy:
Hu ht cc loi t ph sa u c xu th chua hn, th hin
qua ch s pH, tr s pH KCl ca t ph sa t chua gim t 1 n 2
n v. Hm lng carbon hu c tng kh r c hai loi t ph
sa. Hm lng ln v kali d tiu c xu th tng nh loi t ph
sa chua, nhng gim mnh t ph sa t chua. Tng cc cation
trao i v dung tch hp thu c hai loi t u c xu th gim
nh.

149

Bng 7. Bin ng mt s tnh cht ca t ph sa t chua


Ch tiu

S liu 1975

Hm lng st (%)
pH KCl
Carbon hu c (%OC)
m tng s (%N)
Ln tng s (%P2O5)
Ln d tiu (mg P2O5/100 g t)
Kali tng s (%K2O)

14,80
7,1
1,25
0,12
0,11
29,00
1,90

S liu 2012
(n=14)
36,91-41,76
4,5-4,8
2,15-2,54
0,18-0,20
0,09-0,11
8,68-12,87
1,39-1,60

Kali d tiu (mg K2O/100 g t)


Tng cation Ca + Mg (meq/100
g t)
CEC (meq/100 g t)

35,00
22,40

14,63-20,69
5,82-7,27

23,00

14,25-16,09

2.4. t gly
Bng 8. Bin ng mt s tnh cht ca t gly
Ch tiu

S liu 1975

Thnh phn c gii (%)


pH KCl
Carbon hu c (%OC)
m tng s (%N)
Ln tng s (%P2O5)
Ln d tiu (mg P2O5/100 g t)
Kali tng s (%K2O)
Kali d tiu (mg K2O/100 g t)

St v limon
3,2-4,0
2,39-2,66
0,15-0,20
0,02-0,09
0,6-4,8
0,78-1,18
2,6-10,0

S liu 2012
(n=34)
45,64-51,21
4,2-4,6
2,03-2,29
0,22-0,26
0,12-0,14
10,8-14,1
1,48-1,65
8,3-11,9

Tng cation Ca + Mg (meq/100


g t)
CEC (meq/100 g t)

< 6,00

3,10-4,75

11,0-17,0

14,4-17,7

t gly l nhm t c tng gly hnh thnh t nhng vt


liu khng gn kt, tr cc vt liu c thnh phn c gii th v
150

trm tch ph sa, nhm t ny biu hin c tnh gly mnh trn
mt su 0-50 cm, cng nh ton phu din.
t gly thng c tng hu c dy, t chua, hm lng m
trung bnh nhng ln v kali u ngho. Kt qu so snh bin ng
mt s tnh cht ca t gly (Bng 8) cho thy: t bt chua, ch
s pH KCl tng t 0,5 n 1 n v. Hm lng carbon hu c c
xu th gim nh, tuy nhin hm lng cc cht dinh dng N, P, K
u tng c tng s ln d tiu, c bit l hm lng ln d tiu
trong t tng rt r.
2.5. t xm
t xm thng phn b a hnh cao, thun li cho qu
trnh khong ha, ra tri. L loi t chua v ngho hu ht cc
cht dinh dng. Nhm t xm c chia thnh cc loi sau (i) t
xm bc mu trn ph sa c; (ii) t xm bc mu gly trn ph sa
c; v (iii) t xm bc mu trn sn phm phong ha ca
macma axit v ct (Vin Th nhng Nng ha, 2001).
Bng 9. Bin ng mt s tnh cht ca t xm
Ch tiu

Tht nng v st
3,0 - 4,5
0,5 - 1,5
< 0,10

S liu 2012
(n=51)
11,78-14,82
4,6-4,9
1,2-1,6
0,09-0,11

Ln tng s (%P2O5)
Ln d tiu (mg P2O5/100 g t)
Kali tng s (%K2O)
Kali d tiu (mg K2O/100 g t)

< 0,06
< 5,0
< 1,00
< 10,00

0,05-0,08
21,3-28,4
0,06-0,09
3,79-5,48

Tng cation Ca + Mg (meq/100


g t)
CEC (meq/100 g t)

< 2,00

1,89-2,50

4,5

5,0-6,5

Hm lng st (%)
pH KCl
Carbon hu c (%OC)
m tng s (%N)

S liu 1975

So snh bin ng v mt s tnh cht tng t mt ca t


xm (Bng 9) cho thy t c pH tng nh, hm lng carbon hu
c cng nh cc cht dinh dng u t thay i, tr hm lng ln
151

d tiu c s khc bit rt r. Ln d tiu trong t xm tng rt r,


t gi tr di 5 mg ln trn 20 mg P2O5/100 g t.
3. Mt s nh gi v nhn xt
T kt qu nh gi bin ng mt s tnh cht t ca mt s
loi t trng la chnh hai vng ng bng BSH v BSCL
cho thy:
- C s thay i kh r v mt s tnh cht (pH, OC, P v K
d tiu, cation trao i v dung tch hp thu) trong tng canh tc ca
mt s loi t trng la chnh vng BSH v BSCL.
- Cc loi t trng la vng BSH c xu th gim kali d
tiu, hm lng carbon hu c v tr s pH, trong khi cc loi t
trng la vng BSCL c xu th gim lng ln d tiu trong
t. C s suy gim cation kim trao i v dung tch hp thu
(CEC) trong t c hai vng BSH v BSCL.
- Cn c nhng nghin cu su hn v nh hng ca cc
YTHC (s suy gim cc tnh cht t), c bit l cc nguyn t
trung, vi lng n nng sut v cht lng la go; nguyn nhn
hnh thnh v cc bin php khc phc.
TI LIU THAM KHO
1.

Ban Bin tp Bn t Vit Nam, 1976. t Vit Nam (Bn thuyt


minh dng cho bn t Vit Nam, t l 1/1.000.000). B Nng
nghip, H Ni.

2.

B Nng nghip v PTNT, 2009. Cm nang s dng t. Tp 3. Ti


nguyn t Vit Nam thc trng v tim nng s dng. NXB Khoa
hc v K thut, H Ni.

3.

Hi Khoa hc t Vit Nam, 2000. t Vit Nam. NXB Nng


nghip, H Ni.

4.

Vin Th nhng Nng ha - V Khoa hc Cng ngh v Cht


lng sn phm (B Nng nghip v PTNT), 2001. Nhng thng tin
c bn v cc loi t chnh Vit Nam. NXB Th gii.

5.

Vin Th nhng Nng ha, 2005. Xy dng h phn loi t Vit


Nam p dng cho vic lp bn t t l trung bnh v ln. Bo
co kt qu ti.

152

6.

Vin Th nhng Nng ha, 2010. Nghin cu thc trng t phn


v t mn ng bng sng Cu Long v ng bng sng Hng
sau 30 nm khai thc v s dng. Bo co Kt qu thc hin ti.

SUMMARY
CHANGES IN SOME CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF RICE
SOILS IN RED RIVER AND MEKONG RIVER DELTA
Tran Minh Tien4, Ho Quang Duc5, Hoang Trong Quy6
This paper presents research result about the change of some soil
properties in rice soils on two main deltas in Vietnam, Red River and
Mekong River delta. The soil data is from the top soil (cultivated soil
layer). The soil data in period 1975 is collected from previous soil
reports, soil maps in the deltas, while the soil data in period 2005 and
2012 is collected from research results of some projects which conducted
in the Soils and Fertilizers Research Institute. The comparison soil data
between two periods shows the significant change of some soil
properties, such as pH KCl, OC, P and K available, Ca + Mg
exchangeable, and CEC, in both Red River and Mekong River delta. The
rice soils in Red River Delta has a trend of reducing K available, OC and
pH value while the rice soils in Mekong River Delta has a trend of
reducing P available. The Ca + Mg exchangeable and CEC in rice soils
are slightly reduced in both deltas.

Division Head, Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute, tel: 0912315399; Email:
tranminhtien74@yahoo.com
5
Director, Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute, tel: 0913582904, Email: hqduc@hn.vnn.vn
6
Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute.

153

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