Khi nim tu chuyn

Tu chuyn l tu ch hng t cng ny n mt hay nhiu cng khc theo yu cu ca ngi thu tu, l tu chy rng (tramp ship). Lch trnh ca n khng c nh trc v khng theo mt lung nht nh, n phc v bt c th trng no c nhu cu chuyn ch.

Cc hnh thc thu tu chuyn

Trong thu tu chuyn c th p dng nhiu hnh thc thu khc nhau nh: Thu chuyn mt (single voyage) tc l thu tu ch chuyn ch mt ln hng gia cc cng nht nh. Sau khi hon thnh vic d hng cng n cui cng th hp ng thu tu cng ht hiu lc. Thu chuyn kh hi (round voyage) tc l thu tu chuyn ch hng ho lt i ln lt v theo hp ng. Thu lin tc (connective voyage) c th l mt chuyn lin tc hay kh hi lin tc, tc l thu tu chuyn ch hng ho nhiu chuyn lin tc cho mt lt hoc cho c lt i ln lt v. Ngoi ra cn c hnh thc thu bao (Lumpsum) tc l tin cc thu tu tnh v tr theo n v trng ti hoc dung tch ca tu (trong hp ng thu tu khng quy nh c th tn, s lng hng ho v hnh thc thu, tc l cc ph thu tu tnh v tr theo n v trng lng hoc mt n v khc ca hng ho).

c im ca tu chuyn
Cn c vo hot ng ca tu chuyn, chng ta c th rt ra nhng c im c a tu chuyn nh sau: i tng chuyn ch ca tu chuyn Tu chuyn thng chuyn ch nhng loi hng c khi lng ln, tnh cht ca hng ho chuyn ch tng i thun nht v thng ch y tu, hoc gn y tu ( 90%), mt hng ch yu l qung, than , ng cc Tu vn chuyn Tu vn chuyn theo phng thc chuyn thng c cu to mt boong, ming hm ln thun tin cho vic bc hng. iu kin chuyn ch Khc vi tu ch, i vi tu chuyn, iu kin chuyn ch, cc ph, chi ph d hng ho ln xung c quy nh c th trong hp ng thu tu do ngi thu v ngi cho thu tho thun. Cc ph Cc tu chuyn khc vi cc tu ch. Cc tu chuyn do ngi thu v ngi cho thu tho thun a vo hp ng, n c th bao gm c chi ph xp d hoc khng tu quy nh. Cc tu chuyn thng bin ng hn cc tu ch. Th trng tu chuyn Th trng tu chuyn thng c ngi ta chia ra lm cc th trng khu vc cn c vo phm vi hot ng ca tu. Vn n

Trong phng thc thu tu chuyn ngoi vn n, hai bn s n phn vi nhau v iu kin chuyn ch v gi cc k kt hp ng thu tu chuyn (Charter Party C/P), vn n c s dng trong trng hp ny gi l vn n theo hp ng thu tu(Charet party Bill of Lading) c gi tr nh mt bin nhn, l vn kin php l b sung cho hp ng thu tu nhng khng c tc dng nh B/L trong phng thc thu tu ch. Ngi k hp ng Trong phng thc thu tu chuyn thng c mi gii (Charterer Broker), ngi th u tu s y thc cho mi gii i tm tu, gp g vi ch tu m phn, tr gi ri k hp ng. Phng thc thu tu chuyn c nhng u nhc im sau. u im Tnh linh hot cao : c th yu cu xp d bt k cng no v c th thay i cng xp d d dng. Gi cc thu tu r hn so vi thu tu ch (thng r hn khong 30%). Ngi thu tu c t do tho thun mi iu khon trong hp ng ch khng buc phi chp nhn nh trong phng thc thu tu ch. Tc chuyn ch hng ho nhanh v tu thu thng chy thng t cng xp n cng d, t gh qua cc cng dc ng Nhc im K thut thu tu, k hp ng rt phc tp. Gi cc bin ng thng xuyn v rt mnh i hi ngi tu tu phi nm vng th trng nu khng s phi thu vi gi t hoc khng thu c.