Ch : Cn bn thc hnh

Cn bn thc hnh
Ni dung trong ny phn ln ch yu dch t ti liu ting Nht "30ngy
c th hon tt kha hoc_My nh 35mm SLR " ca tc gi Susumu
Morimura. Nh xut bn GAKKEN Nht bn.
Hc tng bc da trn cn bn.
Khi my AF SLR xut hin th vic chup nh tr nn don gin. Su th v
ca ngui chup nh tng ln. Nhng noi tham quan, thng cnh ni ting
by gi rt nhiu du khch dn tham quan vi my nh trn tay.Nhung
khng c ngha l ban c th chup duoc mt tm nh dep mt cch don
gin. Cc bc nh thung duoc chup khng dng nhu mt ban d thy.
Khi chup nh trong lng ban rt l thch th nhung da s ngui lai tht
vong khi thy kt qu nhng tm nh mnh d chup. Chnh xc l " Chup
cuc lac, xem da nguc. Su sai bit d phn ln l do ngui chup chua c
nhiu kinh nghim.
Nhng tnh nng tin tin ca my nh cng khng phi d l dp ng
duoc ci khoi cm ca ngui chup nh.Su th v chnh l khi ban c th
dat duoc mt kt qu va nhu du tnh. V nhng kin thc co s k
thut chup nh l yu t khng th thiu.Nh my nh AF SLR, khng
hoc tp nhung di khi cng bt ng c duoc nhng bc nh kh hay.
Nhung nu nhu th th bn thn ngui chup khng thu thp duoc nhng
kin thc hay k thut cn thit cho mnh. C l chng ta khng nn ngh
rng chi don thun vui v vi su th v l d.
chup nh, chc chn truc tin phi nm vng k nng co bn. Cm
trong tay mt ci my nh dt tin no d ban khng th thao tc ngay
duoc nhng tn nng ca my v ci cm gic vui thch khi chup nh ca
ban s b gim di. Cc ban khng nn hoc tp theo suy ngh " Khng cn
hoc , chup nhiu th cng s bit.
Ni dung sau dy gm 30 phn tuong ng ng vi 30 ngy hoc tp bao
gm nhng kin thc v k thut chup nh cn bn d gip ban c th
bt du chup nh. im chnh cn luu l lun lun nm vng tng buc
mt. Phi hiu v nm vng vn d truc xong mi buc sang k
tip.Th rng xem di xem lai mt vn d cho dn khi nm vng, ch dng
vi vng v phi kt thc xong trong 30 ngy.
Nu ban mun tr thnh mt nhip nh gia chuyn nghip th khng chi
30 ngy hay 300 ngy... m c th lu hon na. D th no di na th
phi rn luyn lin tuc.Nu lm nhu th th thuc luc ca ban s tng ln
thuc su, con dung sng tc ca ban s ngy cng rng m.
" Thuc hnh tng buc mt dua trn co s cn bn, ban s cm nhn
duoc su th v ca vic chup nh y c th xem l "qui tc thp ca
vic hoc chup nh
uoc sa bi asahinguyen lc 05:18 PM ngy 15-03-2010
Mua my Cch !a chn my ch" nh#ng ng$% b&t 'u ch(% nh
c trung ca my nh SLR :
ng knh c th thay di duoc. Su khc bit ln nht ca my SLR v
my compact l c th thay di duoc ng knh. C nhiu loai ng knh
dng cho my SLR ca ca cc nhn hiu khc nhau rt phong ph. My
compact tuy c loai di km ng knh zoom nhung nhng han ch ca n
vn l diu duong nhin. c th chon lua duoc ng knh thch hop cho
ban chup nh th my nh SLR l thch hop nht.
Thy nh chup qua finder. ng ngm ca my compact khng dng
khung hnh nh dng nhu ta thy khi ngm. Vi my SLR th hnh nh in
ln film ging nhu ta thy qua ng ngm nn ban khng phi lo lng
nhiu.
My ch)* nh +, -./ c'n th%0t ch" ng$% ch(% nh
Ln du tin bt du ngh dn chuyn chup nh th ban khng th khng
tnh dn chuyn chon cho mnh mt ci my nh thch hop. Ngoi ci my
nh chup mt ln hay ci my nh compact, c mt kiu my goi l SLR .
Loai my ny thm ch c c nhng ngui chup nh chuyn nghip s
dung n. y l ci my nh ph hop cho nhng ngui choi nh nghip
du.
Vy th so vi my chup nh compact th my chup SLR khc nhau nhu
th no?
Truc ht l ng knh c th thay di duoc hay ni cch khc l ng knh
c th tho ri duoc. C loai ng knh gip ban chup nhng vt xa, hay
c loai ng knh d chup cnh rng . ni chung c rt nhiu loai ng knh
ph hop vi nhng muc dch chup khc nhau d ban chon lua. V th m
my chup SLR duoc thit k thay di ng knh duoc.
Cn na, khi nhn vo ng ngm th hinh nh m ban chup duoc cng s
ging nhu ban nhn thy. Vi my compact th khng nhu th.
.'n 'u t%n mua my ch)*My +, -./ trung c1*.
My chup AF SLR l my dnh cho ngui mi bt du chup nh khi chua
hiu bit nhiu v khng mun tht bai, mt chic my nh tin loi. My
chup AF SLR c rt nhiu loai, ln du tin lua my ban c th b lac
trong rng my AF SLR.
Truc tin ban phi phn bit duoc my ph cp, trung cp v cao cp.
My ph cp l loai my r tin, khi k nng ca ban duoc nng ln th
ngay lp tc ban s cm thy chic my ny khng cn dp ng d
nhng nhu cu ca ban. Vi chic my cao cp duoc thit k cho cc tay
nh chuyn nghip, dp ng duoc tn s s dung cao v nhng di hi
khc khe. uong nhin nhng chic my nh ny s to, nng v na l
cc tnh nng ca my rt phc tap. i vi nhng ban mi choi my th
dy khng phi l mt chic my nh ti uu.
My dang trung cp vi nhng tnh nng m n c, c th ni l di th
ca my cao cp. Trong luong nhe, tnh nng thao tc don gin hon. C
th ni dy l loai my thch hop nht cho ngui mi bt du choi nh
nghip du chon lua.
Sau khi chon lua duoc loai my th ban chon buc k tip l chon hng
sn xut hay nhn hiu my. Mi mt hng my s c mt loai khp gi
khc nhau cho ng knh, ng knh dng cho my ny th khng dng cho
my kia. V th chon cho mnh mt nhn hiu l diu rt quan trong. Hy
nghin cu k cc catologe, tham kho ngui bn.. Chi quyt dnh khi
d xem xt k.
2%u chu3n chn ch%0c 4""m .5n6 'u t%n
By gi ban s chon lua mt ng knh cho ci body my nh va chon.
ng knh cng c nhiu loai. Truc ht ban s c khi nim v d di tiu
cu ng knh. di tiu cu lun duoc ghi trn mi ng knh nhu 24mm,
50mm, 105mm. Vi my kh film 35 ( 24x36mm) th d di 50mm goi l
ng knh normal. Vi ng knh ny th gc thu nh tuong duong vi mt
ngui. ng knh c d di tiu cu di hon th goi l tel, ng knh di .
Loai ny dng chup nhng dim xa m ban mun thu gn lai. Gc thu
nh nh hon ng knh 50mm nn cn goi l ng knh gc hep. ng knh
c d di tiu cu ngn hon 50mm th goi l wide, ng knh ngn. Dng d
thu nh nhng khun vin rng hay nhng khong cch gn m ngui
chup khng th lui xa hon duoc. Gc thu nh ln hon ng knh 50mm
nn cn goi l ng knh gc rng .
Nhu vy d di tiu cu l mt trong nhng tiu chun du tin d ban
chon lua ng knh. Chon nhu th no d c th chup theo moi nhu cu.
Tip theo ban s c khi nim v ng knh single focal length ( cn goi l
ng knh fix) v ng knh zoom. Zoom lens l ng knh c d di tiu cu
thay di duoc. V du nhu 24~85mm. Cn ng knh fix th chi c mt d di
tiu cu nhu 28mm,50mm hay 105mm. Vi ng knh d di tiu cu c
dnh th dnh cho mt s trung no d. Cn vi ngui mi choi nh v
muc dch tin loi v kinh t th nn chon cho mnh mt ng knh zoom.
Phn ln cc hng my nh khi cho ra mt thn my (body) thung s
gii thiu km theo mt ng knh zoom v ban hon ton c th chon lua
mt ng knh khc ngoi ng knh ny. Truc dy th ng knh zoom
35~0mm duoc chon nhiu, gn dy th ng 24~85mm, 28~105mm thnh
hnh hon. uong nhin l phi tu mnh lua chon theo phn don ca nhu
cu cn thit l tt nht. Nu ban vn chua quyt dnh duoc chon lua ng
knh no th ban nn chon truc mt ci zoom 28~105mm. Sau dy l hai
diu ban nn bit : Khong cch chup gn nht cng ngn cng tt, tr s
F cng nh cng tt. Ban s duoc gii thch cc vn d ny nhng bi
sau.
Cc th khc ban nn chun b cng vi my nh
Ngoi thn my v ng knh ban cn phi chun b thm vi th. Knh loc
bo v ng knh. C nhiu kch c cho nn ban cn phi bit kch c knh
loc dng cho ng knh ca mnh d lua chon cho dng. Cn mt th na
gn vo ng knh l ci loa che ng knh (lens hood) v ban cng phi
chon mt ci loa che thch hop. Pin du phng cng nn c sn.
Knh loc bo v ng knh
Mt truc ng knh rt d b try sut. bo v ng knh ban c th
dng knh loc gn vo pha truc. Thng thung nht l loai knh V bo
v khng mu. Cng c ngui dng loai Skyligth , nhung v loai ny c
ph mu hng nhat nn khng th khuyn cc ban s dung loai ny cho
muc dch bo v ng knh.
Ti dung my
Khi chup nh ban s mang theo nhiu th linh tinh nhu film, ng knh,
knh loc. v th nn chun b cho mnh mt ci ti. Mi choi th ban c
th lua mt ci ti dung va mt thn my v 1~2 ng knh. ung quanh
c thm mt hai ti nh dung linh tinh. Ngoi ra cn cc tiu chun nhu
dy ti c lt dm, quai xch chc chn.
Loa che ng knh
Loa che ng knh phi ph hop vi ng knh v kch thuc, kiu khp gi
v d di tiu cu ng knh. Khi gn loa che vo ng knh ch gn cho
dng theo khp gi. Loa che ng knh gip ngn chn nhng tia sng bn
ngoi ht vo ng knh gy hin tuong halo. Thung gp trung hop ny
khi chup vi ngun sng nguoc.
Pin du phng.
Khi mua my thung ngui ta s cho sn pin trong my. Th nhung ban
s khng du tnh duoc vic ht pin. Tt nht ban nn chun b sn thm
pin du phng sn sng thay th khi ht pin. Ban cn ghi nh kiu pin
dng cho my ca mnh v cng c rt nhiu loai pin.
Ti mm dung my
Nu duoc ban c th tm thm mt ci ti mm d dung thn my.
Tham kho mt s loai my tai dy
C% 7t *h(ng th8c ch)* t 9ng cn bn
:&t 'u ch)* nh ;% ch8c nng ch)* t 9ng ca my.
Nhng diu cn ch du tin
Khi mua my, bn trong hp lun c hung dn s dung di km.Truc
khi thao tc ban cn doc k nhng hung dn.Tn goi cc b phn , cc
diu cm k ... duoc ghi chi tit trong sch hung dn.
Ln du tin ban khng nht thit phi doc ht tt c cc trang trong sch
hung dn.Chi cn doc phn cn bn chung, phn ch an ton... v
phn hung dng phuong thc don gin nht.
Lp ng knh vo thn my:
ng knh v thn my lun c du hiu d dnh v tr gi vo cho khp. V
du hnh trn l chm d. t ng knh khp vo thn my, di vi my
Nikon th vn theo chiu nguoc chiu kim dng h. Ngoi Nikon th cc
hiu my khc vn theo chiu kim dng h. Khi vn tht cn thn v nhe
tay.
Lp pin vo my:
C my dng pin Lithium, c my dng pin Akaline. em k hung dn
lp pin trong sch. Cn thn vi loai pin akaline v d b nguoc du.
2rc <h% tha" tc ;% my= b>n *h% c <? hng d@n 6A d)ng
my.
Khi mua my v cc ban s nn nng th cc th mi mua. Thuc t th
nhiu ban d phi tr gi kh dt cho su nng vi ca mnh. Tt nht l
cc ban nn doc k sch hung dn truc khi thao tc. C my ri th bt
du cn cng c thm trnh d. H thng co kh ca my chup hnh rt
tinh vi v th bt c thao tc no ngoi qui dnh cng c th l nguyn
nhn ca nhng hu hng. Nhng thao tc cm thuc hin du c ghi trong
hung dn s dung. Ban hy chc chn rng nhng thao tc trn my
ca ban khng thuc nhng khon cm. D tnh nng ca my dn du
th ban cng phi ch nhng dim chung nhu khng lm try xut mn
chp, chu tip din noi khp ni ng knh v thn my, khng lm ut
my, trnh d nhit d thay di dt ngt, khng s dung pin ngoi qui
dnh, khng tu tho my.
Tip theo l tn goi cc b phn. Nu khng nm duoc tn goi cc b
phn th ban s khng hiu duoc sch hung dn s dung. Nu ban lm
tt nhng diu trn th vic chun b s cng k lung hon.
Truc ht ban s lp ng knh v lp pin vo thn my. Cch lp th trong
sch hung dn chc chn c ghi. Chiu xoay khi gi ng knh vo my
ca mi hng khc nhau nn ban cn ch diu ny khi lp ng knh.
Cn pin th phi dng dng loai pin qui dnh. Cn thn chiu din cuc ca
pin khi lp.
MB my= th%0t Cnh ch0 9 ch)* t 9ng.
Vi phuong thc chup tu dng program kt hop tu dng ly nt
(Autofocus) v do sng da phn (MatrixMetering) : cch chup hnh don
gin nht.
dy ti gii thiu mt tnh nng c sn, c th ni l " Ai cng c th
chup duoc mt cch don gin. l chc nng chup tu dng Program.
Khi dt my ch d ny, my s tu dng ly nt nh vo h thng tu
dng ly nt AF, kt qu do sng ca h thng do sng da phn matrix
metering s gip my chon duoc khu d v tc d thch hop. Ban chi
vic ngm chon khung hnh v bm chup.
Dh% nh thm nh#ng %u 6au Ey:
Cch cm my
Hnh dui dy m t cch cm my nm (ngang). Tay phi cm thn
my, tay tri d l cch cm cn bn. Ngn tr phi dt nt bm chup.
Cc ngn tay tri hop lai cm chc ng knh v nng d ton b trong
luong ca my.Hai khy cnh tay co gi cht my. ngm chup dng
mt tri hay phi du duoc, thung th dng mt phi d nhn hon. Khi
bm chup, nn th bm nhe nhng.
Khi cm dng my th tay phi cm pha trn, cnh tay cng gi cht
my. Chup dng my hay ngang my du c dnh my bng hai tay v
trn. 3 dim tua ny tr thnh nguyn tc. Trung hop chup ghp nhiu
ln trn mt film th cn luu chiu dng ca my phi c dnh. Do d tt
nht cc ban nn tp thi quen cm my dng theo mt chiu.
Cng c khi cm my dng m tay phi pha dui. Nhung khi n mt
na nt chup d ly nt cm gic nhu hoi vung vu v c hai tay du
pha dui. Mi tp chup th nn chup my dng theo cch dt tay phi
pha trn.
.uyFn tG* !1y nHt
My chup hnh AF SLR c nt bm chup l loai c hai nc. Khi bm mt
na l tc dng h thng ly nt tu dng AF. Sau khi my d ly nt xong
mi bm tip thm mt nc na d chup nh. Thng thung ta s gp ba
dang ly nt sau :
.M: Manual Focus_ Ly nt th cng, tu diu chinh bng tay
.S: Single Auto Focus_ Ly nt tu dng mt ln. My chi thuc hin ly nt
lai khi ban ban th v bm nhe nt chup ln na.
.C: Continue Auto Focus_ Phuong thc ly nt mt lin tuc. Khi di dim
ly nt sang v tr khc my s tip tuc ly nt lai v tr mi.
Buoc1: n nhe mt na nt chup.
Hung dim ly nt vo ch cn ly nt. Lc ny chua quan tm dn b
cuc. n nhe nt chup, h thng ly nt tu dng lm vic.Thung s c
dn bo hiu ly nt xong trong viewfinder.
Buc 2: Chinh b cuc hnh
Vn n nhe nt chup sau khi d ly nt. t lai b cuc hnh nh theo
mun.
Buc 3: Bm chup
Sau khi canh b cuc xong, n nt chup thm mt nc na d chup. Khi
bm chup luu nh bm nhe nhng, nn th d trnh b rung my lm
gim d r nt
Mt s dim luu khi ly nt:.
Nu dim ly nt l mt phng khng c dung nt gc canh, hay ni
cch khc l khng c chi tit th ban s ly nt vo mt v tr bn canh c
khong cch tuong tu.
.My thung ly nt theo cc chi tit c dung theo chiu thng dng so
vi thn my. Khi gp cc chi tit c chiu nm ngang d ly nt chnh
xc ban nn xoay my dng lc ly nt.
.Khi my dang dt ch d ly nt lin tuc ( continus hay full AF...) th
vic bm gi nt chup s khng c tc dung gi nguyn khong cch d
ly nt khi ban dch chuyn b cuc. Lc ny phi dng nt chuc nng AF
lock d kho h thng ly nt tu dng.
.My s khng ly nt duoc trong diu kin chup vi ngun sang qu
yu.Lc ny cn c ngun sng h tro cho vic ly nt.
.Trong khong cch gn hon khong cch gn nht tiu chun ca ng
knh th my duong nhin cng khng ly nt duoc v h AF s hoat
dng lin tuc. Nhiu ban mi hoc chup cng hay gp phi vn d ny.
,%!m Cch !a chn *h%m thIch hJ* th5" cc m)c Ich ch)* nh.
Cc !">% *h%m
Cn bn chia thnh ba loai sau:
Phim mu m bn: L loai thng dung nht. Phim sau khi chup, trng
xong mu sc cng nhu sng ti du do nguoc trn nn mu cam nn v
th goi l m bn.Chi khi in nh ra giy ban mi thy hnh nh dng. Khi
mua phim ban s thy k hiu trn v film l Color sau tn nhn hiu v du
nhu FCLR, KDAKCLR...
Phim mu duong bn: L loai film sau khi chup, trng xong l ban c th
xem hnh ngay trn phim.Loai phim ny thung dng cho my chiu
(proector). So vi phim m bn, phim duong bn mu sc trong dep hon,
d tuong phn manh hon v sc nt hon nn loai ny duoc phn dng
cc nhip nh gia chuyn nghip s dung. Gi phim v trng ra cng
cao hon so vi phim m bn. K hiu phim ny trn v phim l Chrome ,
v du nhu FCHRME , EKTACHRME...
Mt dc dim ca hai loai phim trn l du c hai loai daylight v
tungsten. Loai daylight thng dung hon v r hon loai tungsten. Phim
tungsten dng chup dui nh sng vng ca dn dy tc v gi thung
rt dt.
Cui cng l phim den trng, hin nay phim ny duoc dng in nh
monotone. loai phim ny khi chup, trng xong cng cho ra nh m bn
trng den. Chi khi in ra giy mi thy duoc nh tht. Vi mt s ngui
choi nh c trnh d th thung hoc s tu trng ra ly. Loai phim ny c
k hiu Pan trn v v du NeoPan ca fuifilm...
Cch chon phim thch hop:
Phim duoc phn loai theo ba nhm nhu trn: Phim mu m bn, phim
mu duong bn v phim den trng. c trung ca tng loai phim d trnh
by trn. Tuy nhin cn mt dc dim na ca phim m ta cn luu l
d dung sai. Chi s ny khng duoc ghi trn v phim v l dc trung ring
ca mi loai phim.y l kh nng cho php phim thu nh vi mt luong
nh sng sai lch so vi luong sng dng. Phim mu m bn thng
thung cho php chup thiu sng -2EV dn tha sng 2EV. Vic tha
hay thiu sng ny c th diu chinh duoc khi in nh. i vi phim duong
bn th khong dung sai ny ngn hon 2ln nn di vi nhng ngui mi
choi nh th vic s dung phim m bn s gip gim duoc nhiu nh b
hu do chup sai sng. Tuy nhin vn c mt dim khc l phim duong bn
lai cho nh dep hon m bn nn mt vi ngui vn mun s dung phim
duong bn. Chng ta s quay lai vn d ny trong vi bi ti.
Mt vi diu cn bit v phim:
Phim cng nhu thuc phm, c th b hu hng nu d qu han. Khi mua
phim ban nh xem k han s dung. Nu phi bo qun phim chua chup
mt thi gian th nn d vo noi lanh, kh v ti. Nhit d bo qun tt l
20C hay thp hon v d m dui 60. Nu d khng lu th c th dung
trong hp nhua dy kn. Nu d thi gian di th nn d vo t lanh. Khi
chup nh phi ly ra ngoi truc t nht 30 pht.Cc phim mu duong
bn thung duoc luu gi nhit d thp hon phim m bn v thung
duoc ghi trn v dung phim. Khi dua phim chua trng qua cc my kim
tra hnh l tai phi trung cn luu vn d tia . Hin tai vi k thut mi
tia pht ra t my kim tra rt yu khng cn nh hung dn cht
luong phim. Tuy nhin mt vi noi vn c th khng duoc nhu vy hoc
vi phim d nhay sng qu cao, trong trung hop ny ban s dung phim
trong ti dc bit chng tia hay mang theo ngui. Cn na, khng nn
d thi gian qu lu gia hai ln chup v khi chup xong nn mang di trng
cng sm cng tt.
nhay sng:
Phim ghi lai nh bng cch hp thu nh sng. Kh nng hp thu nh sng
manh hay yu duoc th hin d nhay sng ASA. nhay sng cng
cao th kh nng hp thu nh sng cng cao. Ta c bn nhm phim duoc
phn loaitheo d nhay sng :
Phim c d nhay sng thp : (dui 100 iso)
Nhm ny thung duoc dng d chup nh phong cnh hay su miu t
chi tit do d tuong phn ca phim cao. nhay sng thp nn thung
chup vi tc d thp v s dung chn my ( tripot ).
Nikon F0S AiAF Nikkor 35mm F2 Matrixmetering, A mode, F16 Kodak
Ektachome64
Phim c d nhay trung bnh: ( 100 S)
y l loai phim c th ni cn bng gia su d s dung v cht luong
nh, duoc s dung da dang.C th chup phong cnh, ngui, chup
nhanh... Chup cnh hong hn vi chn my .
Nikon F0S AiAF Nikkor 20mm F2.8D Matrixmetering A mode F11
Fuichome 100ProD
Phim c d nhay cao: (400S)
Phim loai ny dng chup cnh ban dm hay trong nh...nhng noi nh
sng yu. So vi phim c d nhay trung bnh th cht luong nh c b
gim di cht do d khi lua chon ban cn luu diu ny nht l nu nh
mun phng ln.Trung hop chup ban ngy nhung ch d lai chuyn
dng nhanh nhu nh th thao chng han, cn phi chup vi tc d cao th
phi chon loai phim ny.
Nikon F0S AiAF NikkorED300mm F4 S. Matrixmetering A mode
EktachomePro
Phim c d nhay siu cao: (800~ 1600 S)
Trong mi trung nh sng yu mun chup vi phim c d nhay thp th
ban c th chup vi tc d chm v chn my. Tuy nhin nu trung hop
ch d chuyn dng th lai cn thit chup vi tc d nhanh. Lc ny su
chon lua ca ban s l phim d nhay siu cao. Thung dng trong chup
th thao trong nh, sn khu...
Nikon F0S AiAF Zoom Nikkor 5~300mm F4.5-5.6S matrixmetering S
mode 1250s Fuichome Provia1600
nhay sng v cht luong nh:
Phim c nhiu loai d nhay sng khc nhau. nhay sng th hin kh
nngthu sng ca phim. Vinhng loai phim d nhay sng cao c kh
nng chup trong diu kin nh sng yu. on v tnh ca d nhay sng
theo tiu chun quc t l S. Tr s S cng cao th d nhay sng cng
cao. Phim d nhay thp trong cng mt diu kin th tc d chup chm
hon so vi phim d nhay cao. C th trong mt s diu kin nht dnh th
dy l mt trong nhng tr ngai. th nhung loai phim c d nhay thp th
hat phim nh hon nn khi in nh cho hnh nh mn hon. Tm lai l phim
c d nhay sng cng cao th d mn cng gim.
Khi lp phim vo my th cn phi ci dt d nhay sng trn my theo
phim. Thng thung cc my AF SLR du c ch d doc v tu dng ci
dt S v trn v phim c D code .
Mi tp chup nh, chua quen cm my ban nn chon phim c d nhay
cao S400 d chup vi tc d cao.V nn chon loai 24 tm.t v kinh
t th phim 36 tm r hon. Nhung nhng ban mi chup th s chup tng t
mt d rt kinh nghim nn chon loai 24 tm l thch hop hon.
Ch)* h"a : ba y0u tK Luan trng DMc 9= 2%u c ; :K c)c.
bi truc d hung dn cc ban ci dt ch d chup tu dng cho my,
cch lp phim...Hm nay chng ta s bt du chup nhng tm nh du
tin.
Mt ch d d chng ta c th bt du d l HA. Ban c th gp hoa
moi noi : quanh nh, trn dung ph, trong cng vin... tuy hin ban phi
c su lua chon cn thn khi chup hoa.Truc ht ban phi tu mnh tm ra
tm duoc cnh hoa n tuong. u t ny phu thuc vo c nhn ban. K
dn ch trnh nhng cnh hoa b dp nt hay su n... di khi in hnh
xong lai b nhng li nh lm hng khng dng nn ban phi ch .Chun
b sng sng ri.By gi bt du chup.
Ln du chup nn c rt nhiu vn d di vi ban nhung ban s tp trung
vo ba dim chnh gc d, tiu cu v b cuc. Hai bc nh trn l mt v
du.
GC
Truc ht ban tm gc d d nhn hoa dep nht. Chon gc d d dt hoa
vo phng nn thch hop. Hoa s dep hon nu tm duoc mt gc nhn
thch hop. u tin l ban phi quan st bng mt ca mnh. Trong lc
quan st ban cn thit phi di xung quanh. Nu l hoa cm hay trng
trong chu nh th ban c th xoay hoa d quan st vng quanh. Sau khi
xem xt xung quanh ban s quan st theo tng d cao, xem chup t trn
xung hay t dui ln ... d cao no th dep. Gc thu nh khng chi phu
thuc vo bng hoa m cn chu nh hung ca yu t phng nn hu
cnh. trnh lm long ch d khng nn chon mt phng nn hn tap.
Gp trung hop mt dt nhiu chi tit ln xn th ban c th gim phn
dt, thm vo nn tri xanh... Ch chon phng nn trnh su trng hop
mu sc, nh sng vi ch d. Cui cng l ch nhng chi tit phu lm
hng ni dung bc nh nhu dy din, thng rc....
C L:
Cu ly hay khong cch chup duoc tnh t bn mt film dn dim ly nt
trn ch d. Khang cch ny cng gn th kch thuc bng hoa cng
ln, cng lui xa th cng thu nh. Tuy nhin ban chi tin dn gn trong
pham vi ti thiu m ng knh cn c th ly nt duoc. Khi nh thu nh th
s luong hoa vo nh s tng ln. Tuy nhin d c mt cnh hoa n
tuong th ban s chup hoa cng ln cng tt. Truc khi ly nt, ban dt
my khang cch gn nht cn ly nt duoc. Chinh nt bng ch d AF
vo dim cn ly nt trn hoa, dng chc nng AF lock d gi nguyn
khang cch d ly nt. y l phn luyn tp ly nt.
B cuc:
Chup hoa theo b cuc 13
B cuc l v tr d dt ch d trong hnh.Khng chi c nh phong cnh mi
quan tm dn b cuc. Ngay c khi ban chup mt bng hoa, nu p dung
dng b cuc th cng lm cho bc nh kh ln.Thi gian gn dy my
chup nh AF tr nn ph thng, vic ly nt ngay tai dim trung tm hnh
nh khin cho ngui chup c thi quen dt ch d vo gia nh d ly
nt ri chup,v tnh tao ra b cuc trung tm.Cch dt ch d ngay trung
tm nh di khi cng thch hop nhung phn ln l khng tao ra n tuong.
lm quen, chng ta hy bt du t b cuc 13. Trn khung nh, k hai
dung doc v hai dung ngang chia nh thnh 3 phn doc v ngang
bng nhau. Bn dung thng ny giao nhau tai bn dim. Theo b cuc
13 th ngui ta s dt ch d theo nhng dung thng hay nhng dim
ny. Tuy nhin chup theo b cuc ny th ban phi cn thn vi chc nng
AF v ch d khng cn dt gia nh,chc nng AF c th ly nt vo
hu cnh pha sau. Ban c th xem lai cch ly nt AF trong bi truc.
Nu chup quen th ban c th kim tra lai vic ly nt qua ng ngm bng
mt ca mnh. B cuc 13 p dung cho c nh ngang v dng.
Cch 6A d)ng Nn ch*
S dung dn chp d b nh sng mt tri
n chp thung goi l dn flash duoc dng kh rng ri trong vic h
tro nh sng nghch trong chup nh hay nhng trung hop nh sng
khng d. Tc d chp ca dn flash khong 1 phn vi ngn giy. nh
sng duoc pht ra t mt bng dn kh nh. nh sng t dn flash gn
nhu nh sng mt tri nn thch hop dng cho phim loai daylight. Mi dn
c mt chi s pht sng GN (guide number) khc nhau. Tr s GN cng
ln th d pht sng cng manh, tm pht sng cng xa, nguoc lai tr s
GN cng nh th d pht sng cng yu. Chi s GN fstop x khong
cch t dn dn ch d.
- Khi mun tnh d m ng knh ta ly GN chia cho khong cch t dn
dn ch d.
GN ghi trn dn duoc tnh theo d nhay sng 100 S. Khi d nhay sng
thay di th chi s GN cng thay di. Cu th l d nhay sng tng gp 2
ln th GN tng 1,4 ln. Nguoc lai d nhay sng gim mt na th GN
gim 0,.
Trn thn my c loai c dn di km, c loai khng. n trn my s
dung kh don gin. Chi cn m dn, doi sau khong 10s cho din nap d
l c th chup. Khi n nt chup th dn s tu dng pht sng. Tuy s dung
don gin nhung dn trong my thung c GN nh, chi d chup trong
khong 3m tr lai. Trung hop khng c dn trn my hay dn trn my
khng d manh th s dung dn bn ngoi gn vo. Trn thn my c ch
cm dn ngoi goi l hot shoe. Chi cn cm dn vo hot shoe l d, cc
my v dn th h sau ny khng cn dng day ni. Ngoi flash th c
hng cn goi l speedlight.
Ngun sng l mt phn rt quan trong trong chup nh. n tuong mt
bc nh phu thuc vo hung chiu sng ln ch d. Ngun sng t ph
sau ngui chup chiu sng ln ch d goi l ngun sng thun. Ngun
sng chiu vo truc mt ngui chup goi l ngun sng nghch.
Chup mt tm nh chup nhanh (snap shot) hay mt tm nh k nim
thng thung... d c nh sng ton b chi tit ngui ta thung chup vi
nh sng thun. Th nhung vi ngun sng thun hoi manh th hnh nh
s khng c khi. Mt ngun sng chch hay nguoc sng th d tao khi.
Nu l choi nh nghip du th ban c th chup nguoc sng xem sao.
Chup nguoc sng th ban c th gp tr ngai. Khi ngun sng nghch qu
manh, phn sng (pha sau) v phn ti (trn ch d) chn lch nhau qu
nhiu th c th ch d b ti den hay phng nn trng xa. Lc ny ban
s s dung dn flash d lm sng ch d (fill flash). Nhu vy dn flash
khng chi dng trong phng hay bui ti m cn dng c cho lc ban
ngy na. nh sng mt tri tu nhin v nh sng dn flash tuong tu
nhau nn s dung dn flash vi nh sng ban ngy hon ton thch hop
Dng dn flash trong phng
Chup mt bnh hoa dt ca s trong phng c dng dn flash.
Chup mt tm nh trong phng da s chi s dung dn flash mt cch don
thun. Th nhung c mt cch s dung dn khc. quan st noi canh
ca s. Ci ny ging nhu mt studio tuyt ho. nh sng mm mai t
bn ngoi chiu vo tao ra mt ngun sng nghch. t chu hoa ch ny
v chup th.
Truc ht d nguyn nhu th v chup. Kt qu l tm hnh b ti. L do l
do ta chup vi ngun sng nghch t ngoi phng chiu vo. Sau d chup
vi dn flash ta s thy r hon. nh sng t bn ngoi chiu vo pha sau
ch d, kt hop vi nh sng dn flash chiu vo chnh din, tao cm
gic lp th r rng. Hon na d tuong phn trong nh cng gim xung
ph hop hon. dy nu khng ch dn vn d dng dn th nh s
ging nhu l ta nhn hoa khi tt dn trong phng.
nh sng c mt yu t goi l nhit d mu. nh sng mt tri v dn
hunh quang hon ton khc nhau. Mi loai film duoc ch tao d chup
mt nhit d dnh truc. V th nu chup film dui nh sng c nhit d
mu khc th mu sc in ln film s khc vi thuc t mt ta nhn thy.
Hin tai th film loai daylight dua trn co s nhit d mu ca nh sng
mt tri nn nu nhu chup dui nh sng dn hunh quang th hnh nh
cui cng s b ph mu xanh luc hay cn goi l m sc xanh.
Ngoi vic s dung dn flash ra cn c th dng tm phn quang d lm
mt bng den do nh sng nghch. Cch ny l dng chnh mt phn
ngung sng nghch duoc phn xa lai d chiu sng ln ch d.
Chup nh ban dm vi chc nng slow synchro flash, ngui v hu cnh
c hai du sng.
hnh dung chng ta s xem hai bc nh minh hoa chup chn dung ban
dm trn. Bc nh bn dui hu nhu khng thy duoc hu cnh.
Ngui trong nh duoc dn flash chiu sng d cn hu cnh th dn flash
khng th pht sng ti. Cn tm du tin trn c hu cnh duoc chup
r. K thut ny goi l Slow Synchro.Chup tc d chm vi dn flash.
Thoat nhn ch ti chup khng c dn flash, nhung chup vi tc d chm,
thi gian mn chn m lu nh sng vo film tng dn dn khin cho
cnh sng ln. Lc ny dn flash chp kt hop dng b nn goi l slow
synchro. Ni tm lai l mun chup hu cnh ban dm sng r th chi cn
chup tc d chm. Th nhung v c ngui trong nh nn cn nh sng
dn flash gip bt dng, v thi gian pht sng ca dn rt nhanh. Ngoi
ra cn luu dn chi s pht sng GN ca dn d dt ch d trong khong
cch thch hop.
Ch)* nh Oh% d% du !Cch
P* d)ng Q y0u tK DMc 9= C !y ; :K c)c
Khi di du lch, chup lai nhng bc nh k nim ghi nh nhng noi mnh d
dn tht l th v. Th nhung khi nhn nhng bc nh khng dep th
nhng cm gic lc chup nh ca ban s b mt di.V khng phi lc no
ban cng c co hi d chup lai ln na.Mt chuyn di cng phu vt v, s
mong doi tht ln vo chic my nh m ban mang theo. Ch mt cht
khi chup hnh th ban s c duoc nhng tm nh dep.
Truc ht ban phi nm phuong php chup nh phong cnh. u tin l
ch dung chn tri nn dt nm ngang v theo b cuc 13, bu tri
trong nh l 13 v phn mt dt l 23. Nu trong nh c nhng chi tit
ln nhu mt ci cy mt tng d to... th khng nn dt ngay trung tm
nh. Mi bt du nn ban p dung hai diu co bn ny truc cng c th
chup duoc nhng bc nh dep hon
Chup phong cnh
Khi dn mt vun hoa, cng vin hay mt noi tham quan no d. Hn l
ban s thy rt nhiu hoa.Ban s ch nhng yu t sau khi chup vu
n hoa d c nhng tm nh va . Chup cnh vun hoa hay cnh tuon
g tu, nn d phn bu tri trong nh tht t. K dn chon lua gc chup th
h hop, khng nn d my mt d cao nht dnh m c th ban nng ca
o hay han thp d tm ra gc chup thch hop.Sau cng ch dn hun
g ca nh sng, chon hung sao cho nh sng tao cm gic lp th tr
n n
Chup nh k nim c ngui.
Trong nhng bc nh k nim trong mt chuyn di th khng phi chi c
nh phong cnh m cn c nhng nh chup c ngui trong d. Nhng
tm nh ny d khng mang tnh ngh thut nhung ban cng th ch
dn nhng yu t cn bn trn xem sao. Tt nhin nhng bc nh ny
s khc vi nhng tm chi chup don thun l quang cnh hay hoa l.
Phn du tin chng ta hay gp d l nhn vt trong hnh b nh. Lin
quan dn vn d ny l khong cch chup. Thng thung ngui duoc
chup hay c thi quen dng gn mt ci g d d chup nhu mt ngi nh
chng han. Th nhung ngi nh th lai ln hon ngui duoc chup rt
nhiu. V th khi chup duoc hnh nh c ngi nh th ngui duoc chup s
rt nh. Trong trung hop ny ngui cm my s chon khang cch chu
sao cho ly duoc quang cnh pha sau, sau d dt ngui duoc chup vo
pha truc ng knh vi khang cch thch hop d ngui duoc chup c
d ln nhu . Tt nhin khi nhn vt tin gn ng knh hon th ln hon v
b ct mt mt phn. V ngui chup s chon khong cch sao cho ch c
hop l vi khun hnh. K tip sau l ban s quan st xem c nhng chi
tit no hu cnh lm nh hung dn nhn vt trong hnh nhu mt ci
cy hay ct din l ra ngay trn du, b mt tng d d xung... Sau cng
l ch dn ngun sng chiu vo nhn vt. nh sng thun qu manh
c th lm bet hnh hay tao nhng ch ti sng trn khun mt. Nhng
ngun sng t trn dinh du chiu xung hay t dui ht thng ln tao ra
mt khun mt khng dep. trnh nhng khuyt dim ny ban c th
dng ming phn quang hay dn flash b sng khi chup
Chup l hi
nh chup l hi cng tr thnh mt loai nh mang mt s tnh dc th
ring v ban s hay gp khi di du lch.Chup nh l hi truc ht ban phi
chup duoc bu khng kh v chu vi ca l hi. Trong v du trn l hnh
nh mt l hi ca ngui Nht trong ma dng. Tht l thiu st nu tron
nh m khng th hin duoci cm gic lanh. Trong hai tm nh trn.
tm bn dui chi don thun th hin mt ngui dang di nuc. Tm bn
trn nh vo mu da ng d, tri m suong m ngui xem c th cm
nhn duoc duoc ci cm gic tm nuc lanh vo ma dng.
t tm nh chup l hi dt la ban dm. Tm bn trn ngui chup d
chup khi cn st lai mt t nh sng tu nhin, cng thm khong cch xa
hon nn nn d thu vo nh duoc quang cnh xung quanh rng hon. Ch
ta thy duoc bu khng kh lc d.
Nhng tm nh chup nhanh gip ta c duoc nhng sc thi, nhng
khun mt rt tu nhin trong l hi cng l diu khng th thiu. Ban
cngnn luu l c th c mt vi ngui khng thch khi ban hung ng
knh vo ho. iu quan trong nht l tm di tuong d chup. Cn tm
nhng di tuong thch hop vi bu khng kh l hi
Chup nh l hi ban phi chup trong dm dng v th trang phuc rt quan
trong. Nu mang theo ti dung my qu ln ban s rt kh di chuyn. Ba
nn mc loai o khoc c nhiu ti loai dnh cho tho d dung cc th c
thit.
uoc sa bi asahinguyen lc 08:4 PM ngy 10-11-2005
2,134
Cch 6A d)ng ; chn !a chEn Q cng.
Loai chn nhe dng soi Cacbon (Cacbon fibre
Thng thung khi chup nh ta s cm my bng tay. Tuy nhin trong
nhng trung hop chup vi tc d chm th nh s b rung nhe.V th
trung nhu vy ta phi dng dn chn my hay cn goi l chn 3 cng.
Mt chn ba cng chia lm 2 phn chnh: phn d gi my chup
(panhead) v phn chn dng. c chn ba cng cng cp th thung
ko theo trong luong kh nng v rt vt v khi mang di xa. Vi nhng
loai chn nh nhe th lai yu khng bo dm trnh rung my khi chup.
chup vi ng knh t 300mm tr xung th ban nn chon cho mnh mt
chn my c trong luong khong 2kg l an ton nht. Nhung vi loai
chn dng soi cacbon th trong luong s nhe hon v ban c th an tm
vi loai chn my nhe hon 2kg. Vi du gn gi my panhead ban s c
hai loai: loai c cn chinh v loai tu do (ballhead). Loai c cn chinh ph
hop vi hnh nh dng khung theo dang ngay ngn,thao tc hoi g b.V
du gn loai ballhead ban c th xoay my chup d moi hung d dng,
thao tc don gin. Cc chn 3 cng thung bn c km lun du gi,
nhung thung l loai c cn chinh. Loai tu do ballhead thung bn ring
d thay vo
Chon lua chn ba cng : xem xt c d cao v d thp
Chon lua chn my, ngoi yu t trong luong th ta s quan tm dn d
cao khi ko chn my ra. Ban s chon sao cho d cao cao ca chn my
khi gn camera vo, nng truc chnh ln th tm cao ca ng ngm finder
s ngang tm vi mt ca ban l duoc. K dn l khi chup nhng vt
dui thp nhu nhng bng hoa dai chng han ban s cn dt my rt
thp. V th yu cu chn my lc ny phi dang rng ra duoc v truc
chnh c th tho ra duoc. Ngoi ra th ban c th luu dn cc cht
kha d cao ca chn.u t ny khng quan trong nhung cng yu cu
phi chc chn cng cp.
uoc sa bi asahinguyen lc 0:48 AM ngy 15-11-2005
s dung chn my ba cng (tripod) hiu qu, truc ht chng ta xem
qua mt vi th thut cn bn sau. u tin ta m kha v ko tng th 1
ca chn du tin ra.Sau khi ko ra th kha cht lai. Tng th 1 dy l
phn chn trn cng, to nht. Tip theo ko tng th 2 ra tuong tu nhu
tng th 1. Thao tc tuong tu cho 2 chn cn lai.
Sau khi ko chn ra th gn thn my vo. Thng thung thn my s
gn truc tip ln du ball head. C loai chi c mt con c xit cht thn
my, c loai c thm mt vng xit phu d kha cht hon.
Vi loai du c quick release th vic tho lp s co dng hon.Thn my
s duoc gn ln mt b phn tho ri khi du ball head.
Khi s dung chn my nn m rng chn. V tr dng chup s lot vo gia
hai chn, chn cn lai hung theo hung camera. Trung hop phi chup
v tr thp, nn thu phn nh ca chn my vo d s dung phn chn
to cng, chn my s vng chc hon.Phn truc chnh c th tho bt khi
han chn my xung thp.
uoc sa bi asahinguyen lc 11:15 PM ngy 0-0-2008