CC PHNG PHP V PHNG THC DCH TING ANH THNG MI SANG TING VIT METHODS AND PROCEDURES FOR

TRANSLATING BUSINESS ENGLISH INTO VIETNAMESE

Nguyn Phc Vnh C Ng Trn A Dim (*) (*) Sinh vin ting Anh lp 03 kha 08 Khoa Ting Anh Chuyn Ngnh Trng i Hc Ngoi Ng, i Hc Nng TM TT Bi bo gii thiu hai phng php dch c bn ca Vinay v Darbelnet (1958): a) dch trc tip / dch st b) dch gin tip / dch xin. Cc phng php dch trc tip gm ba phng thc: a) vay mn b) sao phng c) dch nguyn vn. Cc phng php dch gin tip gm bn phng thc: a) chuyn i t loi b) bin thi c) tng ng d) dch thot. Bi bo m t v phn tch cc phng thc dch ca Vinay v Darbelnet ng dng chng trong vic dch ting Anh thng mi sang ting Vit. ABSTRACT The paper presents two basic translation methods proposed by Vinay and Darbelnet (1958): a) direct or literal translation and indirect or oblique translation. Direct translation comprises three procedures: a) borrowing b) calque c) literal translation. Indirect translation, in contrast, comprises four procedures: a) transposition, b) modulation c) equivalence d) adaptation. The paper describes and analyses Vinay and Darbelnets translation procedures to apply them to translating business English into Vietnamese. 1. Li ni u

Nhng nm u thp k 90 ca th k trc, ti Vit Nam cm t thn thin vi ngi dng ln u tin xut hin trn phng tin truyn thng i chng khi m t mt phn mn, phn cng ca my tnh nh giao din, bn phm. V

sau t ng ny tr nn thng dng v ph bin n ni ngi ta mn nguyn cm t thn thin vi i lin vi cc t mi trng, sinh thi, tng dn / ozone, gia nh. Nhng nm gn y, ta li bt gp mt s thut ng d khng kh hiu lm nhng c v l lm nh nt c chai, im en, im cng con vt qu, gh nng k c thut ng nc ngoi nh hotline, live show, marketing, karaoke, avatar, canteen/cntin, status, pro, online, top ten. Trong lnh vc thng mi, mt s thut ng mi xut hin nh li cho vng ngc, chic d vng, cng nhn c cn trng, cng nhn c cn xanh, tip th qua in thoi, bn qua in thoi, bn theo kiu hnh chp, cc c s kinh doanh ca hng, cc c s kinh doanh qua internet v mt s lng ln thut ng thng mi s c nu trong bi bo ny. Mc ch ca bi bo l phn tch, m t v phn loi cc phng thc dch thut ca Vinay v Darbelnet cung cp cho sinh vin ngoi ng ni chung v sinh vin chuyn ngnh thng mi ni ring nhng phng thc dch hu ch v thch hp khi dch cc vn bn ting Anh thng mi sang ting Vit, ng thi a ra nhng cu tr li v l gii v ngha v hnh thc ca cc thut ng chuyn ngnh hin ang c dng trong lnh vc thng mi. 2. Thut ng

Richards v cng s [22,376], nh ngha thut ng l nhng n v t vng c bit xut hin trong mt mn hc hay mt ch chuyn ngnh. V d, mnh (clause), lin t (conjunction), v th (aspect) l mt b phn ca thut ng ng php ting Anh. 3.Dch thut l g? Dch thut thng c bit n nh l mt qu trnh chuyn ngha t ngn ng gc (Source language) sang ngn ng dch (Target language). Trong vic chuyn ngha t ngn ng gc sang ngn ng dch, ngi dch cn mt cch dch hoc mt chin lc dch. Mt s nh l thuyt dch gi n l phng php dch (translation methods) nh Newmark (1988) v mt s nh l thuyt dch khc gi l phng thc dch (translation procedures) nh Graedler (2000), Nida (1964). Tuy nhin Newmark cho rng [19], trong khi phng php dch lin quan n cc vn bn y th phng thc dch c dng cho cc cu v cc n v ngn ng nh hn cu. Dch thut theo nh ngha ca t in, bao hm vic thay i t mt trng thi hoc mt hnh thc sang mt trng thi hoc mt

hnh thc khc tr thnh ngn ng ca chnh n hoc mt ngn ng khc (T in Merriam-Webster 1994) [dn theo Larson,10,3] 4. Phng thc dch Theo Delisle [5], phng thc dch l cc phng php do cc dch gi p dng khi h din t mt tng ng v mc ch chuyn dch cc yu t ngha t ngn ng gc (SL) sang ngn ng dch (TL). 5. Phng thc dch ca Vinay v Darbelnet Vinay v Darbelnet [27] phn bit hai phng php dch c bn: a) dch trc tip (direct)/dch st (literal) b) dch gin tip (indirect)/dch xin (oblique). Cc phng php dch dch trc tip (direct method) gm ba phng thc: a) vay mn (borrowing) b) sao phng/mn dch (calque) c) dch nguyn vn (literal). Cc phng php dch gin tip (indirect method) gm bn phng thc: a) chuyn i t loi (transposition) b) modulation (bin thi) c) equivalence (tng ng) d) adaptation (dch thot). 3.1 Phng thc (1): vay mn (borrowing) T ng ca ngn ng gc (source language) c chuyn thng sang ngn ng dch (target language) [12]. Trong trng hp lp mt khong trng v ng ngha (v d, mt k thut mi, mt khi nim cha c bit n) th phng thc dch vay mn l phng thc n gin trong tt c. Haugen [dn theo Sari,23] cho rng mt s kh nng c th xy ra trong vay mn: 1) vay mn thun ty (pure loanwords): vay mn m khng thay i v hnh thc v ngha. V d: email > email, internet > internet. 2) Vay mn c thay i hnh thc (mix loans): thay i hnh thc nhng khng thay i ngha. V d: cool > kul, canteen > cn tin 3) Vay mn mt phn (loan blends): s vay mn m mt phn ca t l bn ng cn phn cn li l vay mn. V d: internet provider > nh cung cp internet Trong ting Anh thng mi, ta bt gp mt s thut ng: vay mn thun ty: bill, export, hotel, import, marketing

vay mn c thay i v hnh thc: cheque > sc, clearing > cliarinh, dollar > la, marketing > mc-ket-tinh, penny > penni, arbitrage > cbit, trust > trt vay mn mt phn: internet banking > ngn hng internet, ozone layer > tng ozone, sushi bond > tri phiu sushi, Wall Sreet > Ph Wall, Hague rules > Quy tc Hague, Paris Club > Cu lc b Paris, Dow Jones index > ch s Dow Jones 3.2 Phng thc (2): sao phng (calque) Sao phng cn gi l dch vay mn (loan translation), dch sut (through translation). Sao phng l mt loi dch vay mn t bit (a special kind of borrowing): ton b n v c php c vay mn th ri cc thnh phn ring l ca n c dch st ngha. Vinay v Darbelnet chia dch sao phng ra lm hai loi: - Vay mn t vng (lexical borrowing): tn trng cu trc c php ca ngn ng gc/ngun, ng thi gii thiu mt phng thc mi ca t ng., V d, Compliments de la saison ca ting Php c sao phng t ting Anh Compliments of the season (nhng li chc mng nhn ngy l). - Vay mn cu trc (structural borrowing): gii thiu mt cu trc mi ngn ng dch/mc tiu. V d, science-fiction ca ting Php c sao phng cu trc t ting Anh science-fiction (truyn khoa hc vin tng). Newmark [19,84], cho rng li dch st ngha ca cc kt hp thng thng (common collocations), tn cc t chc (names of organizations), thnh phn ca cc t ghp (components of compounds) v c l cm t (compliments de la saison) u c bit n l li dch sao phng (calque) hay dch vay mn (loan translation). Mt s v d v li dch sao phng ta thng gp cc kt hp thng thng trong ting Anh thng mi: black market (ch en), hot money (tin nng), baby bond (c phiu u nhi), heavy industry (cng nghip nng), light industry (cng nghip nh) white-collar workers (cng nhn c cn trng) tn

cc t chc, c quan: European Union (Lin Hip Chu u), International Monetary Fund (Qy Tin T Quc T), World Bank (Ngn Hng Th Gii) v cc t ghp thng thng: showroom (phng trng by), pawnshop (tim cm ). Qua cch dch sao phng, ta thy t no cng c dch theo (calque) nguyn ngha t y, cn v tr ca t c sp xp theo c php ting Vit. Trong trng hp dng t Hn-Vit th v tr khng thay i, v d nh: superman (siu nhn), total productivity (tng sn lng). Trong ting Vit, c mt cm t c dch theo li sao phng t ting Anh nay tr thnh c nh: cm t thn thin vi ngi dng (user-friendly), v sau ngi ta dch theo thn thin vi mi trng (environment(ally)-friendly), thn thin vi sinh thi (eco-friendly). Thc ra, tnh t friendly khi c dng trong tnh t ghp va c ngha hu ch v d s dng, v d: user-friendly computer system (h thng my tnh d s dng cho ngi dng li va c ngha c ch / khng c hi cho ai / ci g, v d: environment(ally)-friendly farming methods (cc phng php canh tc khng hi n mi trng), v cm t family-friendly c ngha ph hp cho ngi lao ng c con mn, v d family-friendly policies / working hours. L ngi dch (vit hay ni), ta cn thn trng vi li dch sao phng ny. Cc t ng c dch theo li sao phng phi l nhng kt hp thng thng, cc t nghe quen tai, nu khng ta s c nhng cu trc, li ni khng t nhin ngn ng dch, v d nh kinh t gia nh m dch l household economy thay v cottage industry, gi chn ngi tim dch l keep talents legs thay v attract and keep talent, strong coffee m dch l c ph mnh 1 thay v c ph m, golden hello m dch l li cho vng ngc thay v tin thng u qun, golden goodbye m dch l li tm bit vng ngc thay v ph cp thi vicv.v, 3.3 Phng thc (3): dch nguyn vn (literal) Dch nguyn vn l phng thc dch t i t (word for word translation), l s thay th cu trc c php ca ngn ng gc thng l cu hoc mnh bng c php ng dng hoc gn nh ng dng. Ngi dch khng cn phi to ra cc thay i tr cc thay i m chnh ng php ca ngn ng dch i hi, v d nh s tng hp (concord), cc ui thuc v bin t (inflectional endings). V d nh I left my spectacles on the table downstairs dch sang ting Php thnh Jai laiss mes lunettes sur la table en bas. Phng thc ny c Vinay v Darbelnet m t l ph bin nht gia cc ngn ng c cng h ph v vn ha

(it is most commonly found in translations between two languages of the same family and even more so when they also share the same culture), v d gia ting Php v . 3.4 Phng thc (4): chuyn i t loi (transposition) Chuyn i t loi c ngha l thay th mt t loi ny bng mt t loi khc m khng thay i ngha ca thng ip (transposition means the replacing of one word-class by another without changing the meaning of the message). Trong dch thut, c th phn bit 2 loi chuyn i t loi: (i) bt buc (obligatory); (ii) khng bt buc (optional). - Chuyn i t loi bt buc: v d, ting Php, ds son lever khi c dch sang ting Anh th ch c mt phng thc chuyn i t loi bt buc t danh t ting Php lever (s thc dy) sang cm ng t ting Anh: as soon as he gets / got up, v ting Anh ch c mt hnh thc ng t m thi. - Chuyn i t loi khng bt buc: nu nh dch ngc li cu as soon as he gets / got up th c th dch nguyn vn l ds quelle sest leve hoc dch theo phng thc chuyn i ng t thnh danh t l ds son lever. Tri li, hai cu tng ng aprs qu il sera revenu v after he comes back u c th dch theo phng thc chuyn i t loi l aprs son retour, after his return. Phng thc chuyn i t loi khng ch xy ra gia hai t loi ng t v danh t m cn gia cc t loi khc. Vinay v Darbelnet lit k t ra mi loi chuyn i t loi khc nhau. Sau y l mt s v d v chuyn i t loi lin quan n ting Anh thng mi: - t n dch thnh t ghp: bail > tin bo lnh, ledger > s ci, - t n dch thnh ng: bear > ngi u c gi xung, bull > ngi u c gi ln, equity > vn c phiu thng, shark > k cho vay nng li, solvent > c kh nng thanh ton, staff > i ng nhn s, stag > ngi u c xi Phng thc chuyn i t loi c th v nh chuyn i trong dch thut (translation shifts) ca Catford. hiu thm v phng thc chuyn i t loi v chuyn i dch thut, xin xem Nguyn Thng Hng, Catford, H Canh Thn v nhng cng s (sd).

3.5 Phng thc (5): bin thi (modulation) Phng thc bin thi c ngha l s thay i trong thng ip do c mt s thay i v quan im (modulation means a variation in the message due to a change in the point of view): hiu mt iu g theo mt cch nhn khc. Phng thc ny thch hp khi dch nguyn vn hoc chuyn v c c mt cu dch ng ng php nhng li khng t nhin trong ngn ng dch. Trong phng thc bin thi, ta c th phn bit bin thi t do / khng bt buc (free / optional) vi bin thi c nh / bt buc (fixed / obligatory). - Bin thi c nh / bt buc: nh trong trng hp the time when phi dch sang ting Php l le moment o (the time thnh the moment, mt n v thi gian; v when thnh where). Cch dch bin thi bt buc tng ng trong trng hp ny ting Vit s l lc m (the time thnh the moment; v when thnh that). - Bin thi t do / khng bt buc: c th la chn cu trc c a thch hn ngn ng dch: v d it is not dificult to show m dch l il est facile de desmontrer (it is easy to show) l do ngi Php thng thch ni nh vy ch khng phi l khng dch c nguyn vn. Phng thc bin thi khng bt buc cng c s dng trong phin dch ng thi (simultaneous interpreting), c gi l k thut reformulation (ni li cch khc): v d, nu din gi ni There has never been a period in history where people have not asked themselves the question, th phin dch c th ni li cch khc (reformulate) nh Throughout history people have always asked themselves the question (Trong lch s, con ngi lun t hi) l do ngi Vit vn thch li khng nh thay v dng hai ph nh trong ting Anh. Ngoi hai loi bin thi: bt buc v khng bt buc cp trn, cn c mt vi loi bin thi khc. Sau y l mt s v d v cc loi bin thi ny lin quan n lnh vc ting Anh thng mi. - c th chuyn thnh tru tng: bear market > th trng xung gi, bed and breakfast > bn v mua li ngay, bottleneck > s b tc, bull market > th trng gi ln, daisy chain > vic mua bn v vt, dead-cat bounce > s hi phc nht thi, fallen angels > nhng chng khon mt gi, fast food > thc phm n lin, grandfather clause > iu khon min tr, graveyard market > th trng xung gi, haircut > mc ht xn, head hunter > ngi / cng ty sn lng cht xm,

head office > tr s chnh, horse-trading > s mc c tinh khn, infant industry > ngnh cng nghip non tr, lame duck > ngi / cng ty tht bi, master budget > ngn sch chnh, peanuts > s tin nh, peppercorn rent > t danh ngha, people-intensive > dng nhiu lao ng, red herring > bn co bch thm d, red tape > t quan liu, sandwich course > kha hc va hc va lm, sunrise industry > ngnh cng nghip ang ln, sunset industry > ngnh cng nghip ang tn, wildcat strike > nh cng manh ng, widow-and-orphan stock > c phiu rt c gi tr, window dressing > v le lot b ngoi - tru tng chuyn thnh c th: available assets > ti sn tin mt, quick assets > ti sn d i thnh tin mt, entertainment account > ti khon tip khch, holding company > cng ty m, hyper-inflation > lm pht phi m, industrial relations > mi quan h gia ch v th, outstanding shares > nhng c phiu nm trong tay c ng, subsidiary company > cng ty con, unwritten contract > hp ng ming - b phn ny chuyn thnh b phn khc: head tax > thu thn, house magazine > tp ch ca hng, pie chart > biu trn - ph nh ca khng -A chuyn thnh A: unskilled labour > lao ng gin n / ph thng, diseconomies of scale > gim hiu qu kinh t do quy m, nondurables > hng tiu dng mau hng, non-manual workers > gii lao ng tr thc - A chuyn thnh ph nh ca khng -A: bare contract > hp ng khng n b, bad title > vn t s hu khng c gi tr, bear cheque > sc v danh, dormant companies > cc cng ty khng hot ng, environment(ally)-friendly > khng hi n mi trng, demand deposit > tin gi khng k hn, deregulation > phi iu tit ha, foul bill of lading > vn n khng hon ho, nude / naked contract > hp ng khng n b, silent / sleeping partner > hi vin khng hot ng, hostile takeover > vic tip qun khng c ng thun - i biu tng (n d kiu ny i sang n d kiu khc): bricks-and-mortar businesses > cc c s kinh doanh qua ca hng, clicks-and-mortar company > cng ty kinh doanh qua internet, golden hello > tin thng u qun, brain drain > chy mu cht xm..

3.6 Phng thc (6): tng ng (equivalence) Vinay v Darbelnet dng thut ng ny ch nhng trng hp khi hai ngn ng cng m t mt tnh hung nhng vi cc phng tin cu trc hoc phong cch khc nhau. C th ly mt v d c in v phn ng ca ngi th khng chuyn v tnh p ba trng ngn tay mnh: nu l mt ngi Php, h s ni Aie!, nhng nu l ngi Anh th h s ni Ouch!. Tng ng trong tnh hung ny ting Vit s l !. V d ny d kh n gin nhng minh ha c mt c trng c th ca phng thc ny: cc thay i lin quan u c tnh c on (syntagmatic), nh hng n ton b thng bo. Theo Vinay v Darbelnet phng thc tng ng t bit hu ch trong vic dch cch ngn, thnh ng, cc kt hp danh t hoc tnh t. Cch ngn (proverbs) cung cp cc minh ha v phng thc ny. V d: cch ngn Php comme un chien dans un jeu de quilles (like a dog in a game of skittles) v tng ng ca n trong cch ngn Anh like a bull in a china shop (ngi th l, vng v) v deux patrons font chavirer la barque (two skippers will capsize the boat) v tng ng ca n trong cch ngn Anh too many cooks spoil the broth (lm thy thi ma) c xem l tng ng v chng ch cng mt tnh hung nhng vi cc phng tin cu trc v hnh nh khc hn nhau. Mt vi v d v cch ngn ting Anh lin quan n lnh vc thng mi v phng thc dch tng ng ca chng sang ting Vit: Cch ngn ting Anh The dearest is the cheapest Phng thc dch tng ng sang ting Vit Ca r l ca i

iu tng t cng ng vi trng hp dch cc thnh ng. to talk through ones hat (ni cng) hoc as like as two peas (ging nh hai git nc) li cng khng c dch theo phng php sao phng (calque). Mt vi v d v thnh ng ting Anh lin quan n lnh vc thng mi v phng thc dch tng ng ca chng sang ting Vit: Thnh ng ting Anh be in the black be in the red Phng thc dch tng ng sang ting Vit li l

blow the whistle on (sb/sth) buy a pig in a poke come / go under the hammer cook the books corner the market flood the market get the axe

t co (ai / iu g) mua tru v bng c bn u gi gian ln s sch lng on th trng trn ngp th trng b ui / thi hi

hammer the market bn mt lc mt chng khon vi s lng ln lm cho gi ca n xung nhanh ones moneys worth pay through the nose take a bath wear and tear ng ng tin bt go gi ct c tht c l vn hao mn

Phng thc tng ng cn ng mt vai tr quan trng trong trng hp dch cc kt hp danh t v tnh t trong ting Anh thng mi. Theo t in ting Anh thng mi (NXB Longman) [ ,vi] danh t ghp chim mt b phn ln ting Anh thng mi. Newmark [19,145] cho rng cc kt hp mi (danh t ghp/tnh t vi danh t) c bit ph bin trong khoa hc x hi v trong ngn ng vi tnh. Tuy nhin iu cn lu l s khc bit gia cm t: cc kt hp thng thng (xin xem phng thc sao phng) v danh t ghp Ly v d t sleeping partner nu l cm t, ta s dch theo phng thc sao phng l i tc ang ng (partner who is sleeping) nhng nu l danh t ghp, ta s dch theo phng thc tng ng (equivalence) l i tc khng hot ng (partner who does not take an active role). Mt s v d v cc danh t ghp trong ting Anh thng mi v phng thc dch tng ng ca chng sang ting Vit - economic / useful life thi hn s dng

- qualified opinion - qualified report - sleeping beauty - translation methods - translation gain / loss - umbrella organization - think-tank

s nh gi c ph ch bn bo co kim ton c ph ch / c vn mt cng ty hp dn cc phng php quy i ngoi hi li / l do quy i ngoi hi t chc bao trm nhm chuyn gia c vn

Tuy nhin, mt s thut ng ting Anh khi chuyn sang ting Vit nu c dch phng thc sao phng (calque) th rt t nhin v d hiu nh: black spot (im en), plus point (im cng), bottleneck (nt c chai / ch ng d b n tc), blue-collar worker (cng nhn c cn xanh), hot seat (gh nng), nhng mt s khc th l lm v kh hiu nh: lameduck (con vt qu), player (tay chi) 3.7 Phng thc (7): dch thot (adaptation) y l phng thc cui cng c dng khi mt tnh hung trong vn ha gc khng tn ti trong vn ha dch v vy phi c mt s ch tng ng vi vn ha gc trong vn ha dch. Sau y l mt v d v phng thc dch thot c nu bi Vinay v Darbelnet: v mt vn ha vic ng b ngi Anh hn con gi mnh ming l bnh thng nhng mt hnh ng tng t l khng th chp nhn xt v mt vn ha mt vn bn ting Php. dch cu he kissed his daughter on the mouth trong ng cnh mt ngi cha tr v nh sau khi i du lch di ngy th ngi dch phi to ra mt tnh hung mi m c th c xem l tng ng. V vy, phng thc dch thot c th c m t l mt loi tng ng c bit, tng ng tnh hung. Cch dch ph hp hn trong trng hp ny s l il serra tendrement sa fille dans ses bra (he tenderly embraced his daughter in his arms: ng ta u ym m c gi con ca mnh). Trong ting Anh thng mi, danh t ring Goliath2 thng ch mt cng ty c tim lc ti chnh, v vy khi gp t trong cc v d sau: the company is the Goliath of the computer industry hoc a telecomes goliath th t goliath trong v d ny theo phng thc dch thot nn dch l i gia,

ng ln / g khng l. ting Vit, khi ni v mt k yu m dm chng k mnh hn gp bi , ngi ta thng v von l chu chu xe, chu chu voi hoc trng chi vi . dch cu Gaddafi quyt chu chu xe, tn cng Chu u. Cu dch tng ng theo phng thc dch thot s l Gaddafi (David) determined to attack Europe (Goliath). Trong vn ha Vit cng nh cc nn vn ha chu nh hng ca vn ha Trung hoa, con rng lun c xem l biu tng vng quyn (royal power) di ch phong kin. Rng c xem l mt linh vt ng u trong t linh: Long, Ln, Quy v Phng.Ngi Vit xem rng l biu tng ca s tt p, may mn v thnh vng, tuy nhin t con rng (the dragon) li l mt con vt hung d, biu tng ca s xu xa, c c v c ngha rt tiu cc trong vn ha Ty phng v vy trong Kinh thnh chuyn c nt ngha ca t con rng t ting Anh sang ting Vit ngi dch phi tm mt s ch tng ng ting Vit l con mng x (con vt lm vic c trong c tch Vit nam). V d sau y cho thy ngi dch p dng phng thc dch thot cho t dragon. The woman in charge of the accounts department is an absolute dragon! (Ngi n b ph trch phng k ton l mt b chn ch th!). Khi ni v cc quc gia pht trin vi ngha khen ngi, ngi ta thng dng ch rng, v d, Nht, Hn Quc, i Loan, Singapore c gi l nhng con rng Chu / con rng kinh t. Tuy nhin, s ch tng ng vi t rng trong ting Anh li l Tigers (con h) ch khng phi l Dragons (con rng)3. Phng thc dch thot thng c dng dch tn phim, kch hoc tn tiu thuyt. V d, tn phim Memmoirs of a Geisha c dch l i k n, tn sch When Heaven and Earth changed places c dch l Khi tri t i thay, tn tiu thuyt The Scarlet Letter c dch l Nt ch nhc.4

4. Kt lun By phng thc pht tho trn u c ng dng cho cc mc khc nhau ba bnh din: t vng, c php v thng bo. Trong ting Php, v d phng thc vay mn ngoi vic vay mn cu trc / c php (structural borrowings) nh science-fiction (truyn khoa hc vin tng), ngi ta cn c th ni n s vay mn cp t vng (borrowings on the lexical level): bulldozer (my i), stopover (trm dng chn) v s vay mn cp thng bo (the message level): O.K (ng ), five oclock tea (ung tr lc 5 gi). Theo

Vinay v Darbelnet, trong mt cu, c th p dng mt vi phng thc trong s 7 phng thc nu trn: v d, vic dch t paper-weight (ci chn giy) thnh presse-papier lin quan n c phng thc chuyn v ln phng thc bin iu. Trong ting Anh thng mi, cc t bear v bull l cc t n (simple words) khi chuyn dch sang ting Anh thnh ng (phrases): bull thnh (ngi u c gi ln), bear (ngi u c gi xung) v t n d ny (con vt) sang n d khc (con ngi) nn c hai cch dch trn u c xem va l chuyn v va l bin iu. Vic m t, phn tch v phn loi chi tit cc phng thc dch ca Vinay v Darbelnet v ng dng chng vo mt vn bn chuyn ngnh nh ting Anh thng mi cho thy rng cc phng thc ny l sc tch, d s dng v linh hot trong vic ng dng dch mt vn bn ting Anh thng mi sang ting Vit.
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Xin xem bi Vit Nam di mt nhn ca h trong Tui Tr Cui Tun s 52012 (1474) 2 Goliath l t ch g khng l trong Kinh thnh, b git bi mt hn do mt chng trai tn l David nm, (xin xem trong The Holy Bible (I Sam 17 p. 198). 3 Cn lu l mt s quc gia Chu thng dng t Asian dragons, economic dragons, dragon economiesv.v, trong cc vn bn vit bng ting Anh ca h. 4 Tiu thuyt The Scarlet Letter l cun tiu thuyt xut bn nm 1850 ca Nathaniel Hawthorne v c dch sang ting Vit l Ch A mu (dch gi: Lm Hoi, NXB Vn Hc, 2011), tuy nhin ti vn thch cch dch ca mt ngi thy dy ti i Hc S Phm Hu vo nhng nm u ca thp nin 80 v gn y ca mt tin s dy vn chng ti i hc Montana (M), l Nt ch nhc. Xin xem Gic m vn hc Vit trn t M, tr.26 trong Tui Tr Cui Tun s 3-2012 (1472). Sch Tham Kho [1] Baker M. (1992), In Other Words, A Course-book on Translation, Routledge. [2] Catford J.C (ed), Translation Shifts p.p 70-79 in Chesterman.A. (1989), Readings in Translation Theory, Loimaan Kirjapaino Oy. [3] i Xun Ninh & mt s cng s (1984), Ngn Ng Hc: Khuynh HngLnh Vc-Khi Nim (Tp I), NXB Khoa Hc X Hi.

[4] i Xun Ninh & mt s cng s (1986), Ngn Ng Hc: Khuynh HngLnh Vc-Khi Nim (Tp II), NXB Khoa Hc X Hi. [5] Delisle J. & et al. (ed), Translation Terminogogy, Amsterdam and Philadelphia: Jonh Benjamins (1999). [6] H Quang Minh (1997), Gii Thch Thut Ng Kinh T Anh-Vit Thng Dng, NXB Giao Thng Vn Ti. [7] Hans. Kathy L (2004), Business Idioms From Silicon Valley. L Thnh Tm v L Ngc Phng Anh gii thiu. NXB Tng Hp TP. H Ch Minh. [8] H Canh Thn, Vng Xun Huy, Thn Vn Trinh (2007), Son Tho v Dch Hp ng Thng Mi Quc T. Nguyn Thnh Yn dch. NXB Tng Hp Thnh Ph HCM. [9] Jones, Roderick (2002), Conference Interpreting Explained, St. Jerome Publishing. [10] Larson, M.L (1998), Meaning-based Translation: A Guide to CrossLanguage Equivalence, University of Press America. [11] L Hng Tin (2007), Vn Phng Php Trong Dch Thut Anh-Vit trong Tp Ch Khoa Hc Chuyn San Ngoi Ng, i Hc Quc Gia H Ni. [12] Munday J. (2009), Nhp Mn Nghin Cu Dch Thut: L Thuyt v ng Dng (Trnh L dch), NXB Tr Thc. [13] N.H Vit Tin-Elizabeth Hodgkin-Hu Ngc-Mary Cowan (1995), S Tay Ngi Dch Ting Anh, NXB Gio Dc. [14] Nguyn Quc Hng (2005), Hng Dn K Thut Dch Anh-Vit, NXB Khoa Hc X Hi. [15] Nguyn Quc Hng (2007), Hng Dn K Thut Phin Dch Anh-Vit VitAnh, NXB Tng Hp Thnh Ph HCM. [16] Nguyn Th Sang, Ting Vit v Ting Hoa. Truy cp ngy 2/2/2012 thttp://www.catholic.org.tw.vntaiwan//50vietnam.htm

[17] Nguyn Thng Hng (2005), Dch Thut: t L Thuyt n Thc Hnh, NXB Vn Ha Si Gn. [18] Newmark P. (1981), Approaches to Translation, Pergamon, Oxford. [19] Newmark P. (1988), A Textbook of Translation, Prentice Hall, New York and London. [20] Nguyn Vn Ph (1999), Ting Anh L Th, NXB Thnh Ph H Ch Minh. [21]Phan Ngc (2000), Vi Mo V Phong Cch Khoa Hc trong Cch Gii Thch Vn Hc bng Ngn Ng Hc, NXB Tr. [22]Richards & et al (1999), Dictionary of Language Teaching & Applied Linguistics, Longman. [23]Sari, F. K (2009), An Analysis of Translation Procedures of Translating Computer Terms in Andrews Tanenbaum 3rd Computer Networks into Bahasa Indonesia. [24]The Holy Bible, King James Version, World Bible Publisher. [25]Trn Thanh A (2009), T in T Vay Mn Trong Ting Vit Hin i, NXB i Hc Quc Gia TP H Ch Minh. [26] Trnh Nht (2011), Th i Tm Ci Tng ng Trong Phin Dch. Truy cp ngy 2/12/2011 t vny2k.net//FrankTrinh_TuongduongTrongPhie [27] Vinay J.P. & Darbelnet J. (ed), Translation Procedures p.p 61-69 in Chesterman .A. (1989), Readings in Translation Theory, Loimaan Kirjapaino Oy. T IN THAM KHO [28] T in Anh-Vit (Vin Ngn Ng Hc). NXB Vn Ha Si Gn (2007). [29]T in Kinh T Kinh Doanh Anh-Vit. NXB Khoa Hc v K Thut (2000). [30]T in Thut Ng Chuyn Ngnh Bin Phin Dch Anh-Vit. NXB Thanh Nin.

[31]T in Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary, NXB Oxford University Press (2005). [32]T in Longman Business English Dictionary, NXB Longman (2007). [33]T in Thut Ng Th Trng Chng Khon Anh-Anh-Vit. NXB Tr (2004).