TRNG H CNG NGHIP TP H CH MINH

VIN CNG NGH SINH HC & THC PHM

B MN:
SINH HC I CNG

TIU LUN
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DHTP4TLT NHM 8
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SINH HC I CNG GJHD. Ths NGUYN TRUNG HU
VIN CNG NGH SINH HC V/ THC PHM
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B MN: SINH HC I CNG
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TIU LUN:

DANH SCH NHM
STT H V TN MSSV NHIM V
1 Cao Vn Chung 10337281 Tm kim ni dung
2 L Minh Lm 10319211 Tm kim ni dung
3 Nguyn !uy Lm 10319001 Tm kim ni dung
" Nguyn !uy #hanh 103"83$1 Tm kim ni dung
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7 Nguyn V: 10337$21 Tm kim ni dung
Tp. HCM, thng 11 nm 2011
DHTP4TLT NHM 8
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DHTP4TLT NHM 8
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SINH HC I CNG GJHD. Ths NGUYN TRUNG HU
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SINH HC I CNG GJHD. Ths NGUYN TRUNG HU
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SINH HC I CNG GJHD. Ths NGUYN TRUNG HU
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SINH HC I CNG GJHD. Ths NGUYN TRUNG HU
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SINH HC I CNG GJHD. Ths NGUYN TRUNG HU
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13
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C<C< T2U ,;C TIBN NHhN PRUC,URUPH)TY
C<C<>< ZG Hi[6 GT \#[<
G0n b2< .Ong c^ng .inh bt bu^c vi h1i ti9uF
"h7a c8 nh/n chnh thc< tE b2 ca t12 lRc tin nh/n ch7a c8 ti th< b^ ->S g2lgi<
Ah;ng c8 -6ng l7i n^i .inh chPtF
C<C<C< ,FG ]^- _G#]`3`-]9a\b !: acG \d<
$Rc l6+L
">c thSlac2iV Ah;ng X V6ng 0n - KE+ ch@ng l9n nhau thnh nh8- g thSlac2iV
nhu thvlacoid cua tao luc va thc vat bac caoF
5c tOL
">c .c tO uang hH+ 7Hc gn vi thSlac2iV< n- t V2 t32ng tE b2 chPt< Ah;ng
n- t32ng lRc l6+F
ThSlac2iV cha chl232+hSl a v b giong luc lap cua tao luc va thc vat bac cao,
khong co chlorophvl c.
">c .c tO Ah>c nh7L ca32t,n v c>c V6ng Ah>c ca Kanth2+hSll< ,aKanthin<
Ah;ng c8 +hSc2bili+32t,inF
Theo thuvt noi cong sinh, luc lap cua tao nhan that co nguon goc tu tao luc tin
nhan, no duoc hap thu nhung khong bi bin doi boi sinh vat nhan that. Luc lap cua tao
Rhodophvta va Glaucophvta co th duoc giai thich nhu la cac th h t bao tao lam bi
hap thu, boi vi co s giong nhau gia chung v cau truc va sc to quang hop (cac
thvlacoid co khoang cach bng nhau mang phvcobilisome, s co mt cua chlorophvl a
DHTP4TLT NHM 8
15
SINH HC I CNG GJHD. Ths NGUYN TRUNG HU
khong co chlorophvl b). Luc lap cua tao luc va tao nau khac voi luc lap cua tao do v
siu cau truc va thanh phan sc to.
C<C<K< C#e\ &f \3g<
Chat d tr tinh bot giong tinh bot o cvanophvcin.
Th +2lSh,V3al }ca3b2KS.2-,~ cha ,ni- 3ibul2., c<qbi.+h2.+hat,
ca3b2KSla.,2KSg,na., }ui."%~ /S l ,i- K*c t>c ch2 c>c +h1n ng K1S 3a t32ng
+ha tOi uang hH+ }+ha cO nh "%
g
~F
C<K< T2U iYNH G,Y(CUPH)TY
C<K<>< ZG Hi[6 GT \#[<
Ngnh nS thu^c gii uAa3S2ta v th,2 8< tE b2 g@- nh/n< b^ ->S g2lgi< l7i
n^i chPt< tS th v th -u }lRc l6+~F "h*ng ta KE+ \lauc2+hSta ngaS .au t12 +32Aa3S2tic
bXi v= lRc l6+ ca \lauc2+hSta c8 nhiu li9n uan vi ngnh "San2+hSta 0n b2< h=nh
cDu }"San2bact,3ia~F = vS< ch*ng 7Hc gi1i thch nh7 l t3ung gian giIa "San2+hSta v
lRc l6+ ca c>c l2i t12 Ah>c v thc vt bc ca2F Ngnh nS ch c8 c l+L \lauc2+hSc,a,F
C<K<C ,FG ]^- _G#]`3`-]9a\b !: acG \d<
$Rc l6+L
$Rc l6+ t70ng t vi "San2+hSta 0n b2< V6ng h=nh cDu }"San2bact,3ia~F Mi th
l6+ 7Hc ba2 b4c bXi v>ch +,+tiV2glScan -ng v n- t32ng -^t Ah;ng b2 |c bitF
DHTP4TLT NHM 8
16
SINH HC I CNG GJHD. Ths NGUYN TRUNG HU
">c thSlac2iV Ah;ng KE+ ch@ng l9n nhau }nh7 t32ng ngnh T32chl232+hSta~ ca
+32Aa3S2tic v hDu hEt t12 uAa3S2tic~ - X V6ng 0n }3i9ng bit~ v c>ch u nhauF S
sp xp cac thvlacoid nav cng duoc tim thav o Cvanophvta va o trong luc lap cua
Rhodophvta.
5c tOL
$Rc l6+ g@- "hla v Ah;ng c8 "hlb< c< |c i- nS c:ng giOng vi "San2+hSta
v lRc l6+ ca h2V2+hStaF
Mu .c ca lRc l6+ l -u Kanh la- V2 .c tO +hR -u Kanh la- V2 +hSc2cSanin
v all2+hSc2cSanin ch, l+ .c tO lRcF ">c .c tO uang hH+ +hR nS n- t32ng
+hSc2bili.2-, gn t39n thSlac2iV giOng nh7 X "San2+hSta v lRc l6+ ca h2V2+hStaF
5c tO +hR ca32t,n2iV }.c tO +hR ~ g@- "a32t,n< ,aKanthin< c3S+t2KanthinF
{xN lRc l6+ c; |c X t3ung t/- lRc l6+F 5 .+ KE+ nS giOng vi "San2+hSta X
ngnh nS< {xN c:ng n- X t3ung t/- ca -i tE b2F T3ung t/- ca th -u c:ng b
ch, lP+ bXi nhIng th h=nh a gi>c }ca3b2KS.2-,.~< ca3b2KS.2-,. c:ng l|+ l6i -^t c>ch
|c t37ng X t3ung t/- ca tE b2 "San2+hStaF "a3b2KS.2-,. c8 ,ni- 3ib2l2., c<q
bi+h2.+hat cacb2KSla., 2KSg,na.,< ,ni- nS K*c t>c ch2 u> t3=nh cO nh "%
g
t32ng
uang hH+ X ibul2., c<qbiTF
Glaucophvta duoc quan tam boi s giong nhau rat lon gia luc lap cua chung voi
tao luc don bao (Cvanophvtes, Cvanobacteria). That vav, qua mot thoi gian dai, luc lap
cua chung duoc xem nhu la tao cong sinh noi sinh ('Cvanelles`) song trong cac t bao
cua sinh vat nhan thc don bao di dung va s giai thich nav gop phan vao ung ho manh
me gia thuvt cua Mereschkowskv v nguon goc noi cong sinh cua luc lap. Quan sat ki
duoi kinh hin vi din tu d xac nhan rng luc lap (th mau) cua Glaucophvta tuong t
voi tao lam va cng tuong t voi luc lap cua Rhodophvta. Jic phat hin ra vach
peptidoglvcan mong bao quanh luc lap cua Glaucophvta la bng chung dc bit quan
trong cho moi lin h voi Cvanophvta, boi dc trung cua tao lam la co lop peptidoglvcan
o trong vach t bao cua chung. Hon na lop peptidoglvcan du bi phan huv boi en:im
lv:o:vmeF
uch th7c g,n2-, ca lRc l6+ ) 7Hc nghi9n cu X \lauc2+hSta v t=- thPS
V6ng vng nh h0n c lDn .2 vi g,n2-, ca "San2+hSta .Ong t V2< g,n2-, ca ch*ng
DHTP4TLT NHM 8
17
SINH HC I CNG GJHD. Ths NGUYN TRUNG HU
cha Ah21ng cgq c|+ ba0< t70ng t vi b^ g,n ca c>c lRc l6+ Ah>cF i cPu t3*c
nS th= g,n2-, ca \lauc2+hSta nh7ng nh7 giOng vi g,n2-, ca c>c l26i t12 Ah>c v
thc vt bc ca2 h0n .2 vi g,n2-, ca "San2+hStaF = vS< g,n2-, V6ng vng ca lRc
l6+ \lauc2+hSta giOng vi thc vt bc ca2< g@- g 26n l|+ l6i ng7Hc chiu nhauF
Nh7 vS< X \lauc2+hSta< lRc l6+ ca n8 7Hc g4i l cSan,ll,(F "San,ll,( h26t
^ng nh7 -^t lRc l6+ cung cP+ ch2 vt ch c>c chPt hIu c0 ch SEu l gluc2.,F "San,ll,
7Hc ba2 b4c bXi thnh +,+tiV2glScan cWng vi nhIng cPu t3*c Ah>c nh7 thSlac2iV<
ca3b2KS.2-, nh7 X "San2+hStaF ThSlac2iV cha .c tO +hic2bili+32t,in g@-
all2+hSc2cSanin< +hSc2KSanin }nh7ng thiEu +hSc2c3Sthin~F 9n c6nh 8 cn c8 .c tO
ca32t,n,F "San,ll, Ah;ng t@n t6i 7Hc X b9n ng2i tE b2 vt chF "San,ll, ch c8 th l
giai 26n t3ung gian t32ng u> t3=nh tiEn h2> ca lRc l6+F
C<K<K< C#e\ &f \3g<
51n +hU- V t3I +2lS.accha3iV, l tinh b^tF Cac hach tao bot nav nm o bn
ngoai luc lap nhu o Rhodophvta, ChlorophvtaF TuS nhi9n< c8 t37ng hH+ h6ch t62 b^t
n- X b9n t32ng lRc l6+F
C<.< T2U j RHU0UPH)TY
C<.<>< ZG Hi[6 #kn# \#li<
TE b2 V6ng t3Dn< AhOi chPt nguS9n .inh h=nh cDu< Ah;ng c8 32i< t62 3a t c>c b2
t h2|c gia2 tF
x6ng c2cc2iV< V6ng .Hi v V6ng t1nF
DHTP4TLT NHM 8
18
SINH HC I CNG GJHD. Ths NGUYN TRUNG HU
C<.<C< ,FG ]^- _G#]`3`-]9a\b !: acG \d<
$Rc l6+L
$Rc l6+ ca t12 c8 -ng A+ v Ah;ng c8 -6ng l7i n^i .inh chPt lRc l6+
}giOng vi \lauc2+hSta< 3S2+hSta v T3ach,2+hSta~F ">c thSlaA2iV Ah;ng KE+ ch@ng
l9n nhau< ch*ng -- 3i9ng 3 t32ng lRc l6+ vi Ah21ng c>ch u nhauF G|c i- nS
Ah>c vi c>c thc vt uang hH+ nh/n thc Ah>c t3 \lauc2+hSta v= X nhIng thc vt nS
c>c thSlaA2iV th7ng KE+ ch@ng l9n nhau h=nh thnh c>c thSlaA2iV V6ng b1n }la-,n~ haS
V6ng h6t }g3ana~ F G;i Ahi X -^t .O l2i c8 -^t h2|c hai thSlaA2iV n- X vWng ng26i vi
v .2ng .2ng vi -ng lRc l6+F { $Rc l6+ ca T23+hS3iViu- +u3+u3,u-? $Rc l6+
ca ",3a-iu-VnaL {Nx lRc l6+? , L -ng lRc l6+? +L +hSc2bili.2-,? .L tinh b^t? thL
thSlaA2iVF
5c tOF
T12 c8 -u .c thaS i t -u En -u ,n v thaS i th,2 ^ ./u +h/n
bOF T12 .Ong X vWng t3iu ca2 c8 -u thaS i t Kanh En ,n< X vWng t3iu thP+ h0n
c8 -u .c thaS i t n/u En ta< cn X ./u h0n th= c8 -u h@ngF 5 thaS i nS
+hR thu^c v2 c>c l26i .c tO v h- l7Hng ca ch*ngF
">c .c tO uang hH+ X t12 l chl232+hSll a v V v +hSc2billin }g@-
+hSc2,3Sth3in< +hSc2cSanin v al2+hSc2cSanin~F ">c l26i .c tO nS l nhIng thnh +hDn
cDn thiEt ca b^ ->S uang hH+ X t12 F Mi l26i .c tO ch hP+ thR nhIng tia .c c8
b7c .8ng +hW hH+< c>c tia .>ng Ah;ng 7Hc hP+ thR . b +h1n K6
t12 < .c tO +hSc2,3Sth3in th7ng l .c tO t3^i lPn >t c>c .c tO Kanh
chl232+hSll v +hSc2cSanin< V2 8 l- ch2 t12 c8 -u F TuS nhi9n< X -^t vi l2i<
-u .c c8 th thaS i tWS thu^c v2 t l giIa +hSc2,3Sth3in v +hSc2cSanin }) n9u X
t39n~F
M^t .O l2i t12 cn c8 -^t .O .c tO Ah>c nh7 ca32t,n2iV }g@- ca32t,n, v
ca32t,n,~< l,utin v ,aKanthanF TPt c1 c>c .c tO t39n u nh v t32ng lRc l6+F $Rc
l6+ X t12 3Pt a V6ng v h=nh V6ngF "h*ng c8 n- Oi Vin vi v>ch tE b2 haS n- X
t3ung t/- tE b2F ">c lRc l6+ n- Oi Vin vi v>ch tE b2 th7ng c8 h=nh a haS h=nh
.a2F -^t .O l2i th= ch c8 lRc l6+ h=nh a h2|c h=nh .a2< -^t .O l2i th= c8 c1 hai l26i
DHTP4TLT NHM 8
19
SINH HC I CNG GJHD. Ths NGUYN TRUNG HU
nS nh7 X ",3a-iu-F "h c8 -^t vi l2i thu^c l+ angi2+hSc,a, c8 lRc l6+ n- X
t3ung t/- tE b2F
-|t ca c>c thSlac2iV c8 c>c +hSc2bili.2-, cha +hSc2bili+32t,inF
ThSc2bili+32t,in l +hc hH+ giIa +hSc2bilin v +32t,inF
{xN ca lRc l6+ 7Hc t chc thnh c>c -Rn n7c nh< c>c nucl,2iVF T32ng lRc
l6+ ca t12 Ah;ng c8 -|t ca nucl,2iV V6ng vng }H=nh cg{< ~F
- Cac nha khoa hoc cho rng, luc lap cua tao do co nguon goc tu tao lam noi cong
sinh. iu nav xuat phat tu dc dim cua luc lap tao do chi co lop mang kep, khong co
mang luoi noi sinh chat luc lap va phvcobilin la sc to dc trung cua tao do va tao lam.
S kin tin hoa dan dn s hinh thanh luc lap cua tao do din ra nhu sau. Tao lam bi
hut vao tui thuc n cua dong vat nguvn sinh boi s thc bao. Tuv nhin, thav vi bi tiu
hoa nhu mot nguon thuc n, no lai song noi cong sinh trong co th dong vat nguvn sinh.
iu nav se co loi cho ca tao lam va dong vat nguvn sinh. Tao lam quang hop tao ra
san pham cho dong vat nguvn sinh, dong thoi no duoc bao v trong moi truong vng
chc. Trai qua qua trinh tin hoa vach cua t bao tao lam bi mat di. S dot bin xav ra o
vat noi cong sinh lam mat vach t bao cua no se duoc chon loc trong qua tin hoa boi vi
no tao diu kin thuan loi cho s van chuvn cac hop chat gia vat chu va vat noi cong
sinh. Mang tui thuc n cua vat chu thc bao tro thanh mang ngoai cua mang luc lap.
Mang nguvn sinh chat cua tao lam tro thanh trong cua mang luc lap. S sp xp lai cac
mang thvlakoid va s tin hoa cua cac th da din thanh hat tao tinh bot d hoan thin
s chuvn tip thanh mot luc lap that s.
C<.<K< C#e\ &f \3g<
51n +hU- V t3I ca t12 l tinh b^t -l23iV,anF G8 l -^t chPt c<b glucanF
Tinh b^t ca t12 Ah>c vi tinh b^t ca t12 lRc v thc vt bc ca2F Tinh b^t ca t12
Ah;ng c8 chui Ah;ng +h/n nh>nh a-Sl2., - ch c8 chui +h/n nh>nh a-Sl2+,ctinF
uhi K l vi i2t ch2 -u n/u h2|c vngF ">c h6t tinh b^t 7Hc t62 thnh X tE b2 chPt<
Ah;ng n- t32ng lRc l6+ nh7 tinh b^t ca t12 lRcF
l23iV,an c8 V6ng AhOi vi t34ng l7Hng +h/n t thP+< gDn -ng lRc l6+< c8 chc
nCng iu h2 >+ .uPt thU- thPu< n8 Ah;ng ch c X h2V2+hSta - cn X "San2+hSta v
"3S+St2+hStaF
DHTP4TLT NHM 8
20
SINH HC I CNG GJHD. Ths NGUYN TRUNG HU
C<P< T2U SI,IC BYCI,,YRIUPH)CmYm<
C<P<>< ZG Hi[6 #kn# \#li<
T12 .ilic l .inh vt 0n b2< c8 nh/n tht }uAa3S2t,~< .Ong 3i9ng l h2|c li9n AEt
thnh t+ 2n< TE b2 c8 Ach th7c t g- En g--F
C<P<C< ,FG ]^- !: acG \d<
lRc l6+L
$Rc l6+ th7ng c8 -u vng n/u< v= chl232+hSll b ch, lP+ bXi .c tO chnh l
-uc2KanthinF
{xN ca lRc l6+ 7Hc t chc t32ng -^t vng nucl,2tiV v 7Hc ba2 uanh bXi
-^t -6ng l7i n^i .inh chPtF
$Rc l6+ X gDn nh/n v -6ng l7i n^i .inh chPt lRc l6+ 7Hc nOi vi -ng nh/nF
ThSlaA2iV KE+ a v c8 -^t la-,lla, vnh ai n- V7i -ng lRc l6+< ba2 uanh
c>c tP- Ah>cF
5c tOL
5c tO ca t12 .ilic. g@- chl232+hSll a< cg< c8 th c8 cc h2|c ca< Ah;ng c8
chl232+hSll bF
DHTP4TLT NHM 8
21
SINH HC I CNG GJHD. Ths NGUYN TRUNG HU
">c ca32t,n2icL ca32t,n< -uc2Kanthin< Viat2Kan3thin v ViaVin2Kanhhitn< ch 62
l -uc2Kanthin< chnh .c tO nS uSEt nh -u vng n/u ch2 t12F TPt c1 c>c .c tO nS
u n- t32ng lRc l6+F Th7ng t12 .ilic l;ng chi- c8 hai tP- V6ng b1n c8 c>c ch l-
haS +h/n thuF
T12 .ilic t3ung t/- l6i th7ng c8 .O l7Hng lRc l6+ nhiu h0n< V6ng a v c:ng
+h/n thuF
C<P<K< C#e\ &f \3g<
$Rc l6+ ca t12 c8 -^t h2|c nhiu h6t b^t }+S3,n2iV~< c8 th n- X t3ung t/- ca
lRc l6+ h2|c -|t t32ng ca lRc l6+< c8 Ahi n- t32ng Ah2ang ca lRc l6+F
"hPt V t3IL "hPt V t3I uan t34ng nhPt ca t12 .ilic l ch3S.2la-ina3in }-^t l26i
b9ta c<a linA,V glucan~ 7Hc V t3I X V6ng Vung Vch t32ng c>c t*i cha |c bitF
"h3S.2la-ina3in c:ng l .1n +hU- V t3I uan t34ng ca "h3S.2+hSc,a,F Ng2i 3a t12
.ilic. c:ng V t3I c>c gi4t li+itF
C<Q< T2U Nh( PHYmUPH)TY<
C<Q<>< ZG Hi[6 #kn# \#li<
TPt c1 c>c l2i thu^c l+ t12 n/u u c8 cPu t62 a b2< h=nh th>i v cPu t3*c ca
t12 3Pt a V6ng< t nhIng V6ng .Hi +h/n nh>nh c8 Ach th7c hin vi ch2 En V6ng l> c8
nhiu thWS c8 cPu t3*c +hc t6+ v Vi nhiu -tF M|c VW vi nhIng Ah>c bit 8 th= t12
n/u vZn l -^t nh8- +h/n l26i -^t c>ch t nhi9nF
C<Q<C< ,FG ]^- !: acG \dF
$Rc l6+L
$Rc l6+ c8 V6ng h=nh
a< h2|c h=nh V)i th7ng c8
-u vng n/u v= -u lRc ca
chl232+hSll b ch, lP+ bXi -u
.c ca c>c .c tO +hR
-uc2KanthinF H6t t62 b^t
}+S3,n2iV~ nh7 c>i cuOng nh;
DHTP4TLT NHM 8
22
SINH HC I CNG GJHD. Ths NGUYN TRUNG HU
3a t +hDn cuOi ca lRc l6+F Mi lRc l6+ th7ng c8 -^t h2|c vi h6t t62 b^t c8 V6ng u1
l9F
$Rc l6+ 7Hc ba2 b4c bXi bOn l+ -ng t32ng 8 g@- hai l+ -ng ca lRc l6+ v
hai l+ -ng l7i n^i .inh chPt lRc l6+F M6ng l7i n^i .inh chPt lRc l6+ nOi vi -ng
nh/nF \iIa -ng nh/n v hai l+ -ng ca lRc l6+ c8 +,3i+la.tiValF T,3i+la.tiVal g@- h
thOng c>c vi Ong li9n AEt vi nhau X Ah21ng h[+ giIa -ng nh/n v hai l+ -ng ca lRc
l6+F
Tha t32ng lRc l6+< ba thSlac2iV th7ng KE+ ch@ng l9n nhau t62 thnh c>c tP-
la-,llaF $Rc l6+ ca t12 n/u c8 c>c la-,lla ng26i vi ch6S .>t -ng lRc l6+< ba2 b4c c>c
la-,lla Ah>c X +ha t32ngF G|c i- cPu t62 lRc l6+ ca t12 n/u c:ng l -^t t32ng nhIng
|c i- uan t34ng KE+ t12 n/u v2 cWng -^t ngnh vi t12 .ilic< t12 vng< t12 vng
>nh v c>c l+ Ah>c v2 cWng -^t ngnhF "Pu t3*c lRc l6+ ca t12 n/u giOng vi cPu t3*c
in h=nh ca ngnh H,t,32A2nt2+hStaF
{xN ca lRc l6+ c8 V6ng vngF
5>c tO L
5c tO uang hH+ ca t12 n/u ha tan t32ng lRc l6+ khong tap trung thanh cac
phvcobilisome trn b mt cua thvlacoid nhu o tao do hav tao lamF 5c tO uang hH+ l
"hla< "hlc< Ah;ng c8 "hlbF 5c tO uang hH+ +hR l -uc2Kanthin v c>c .c tO
Kanth2+hSll cWng c8 hin Vin X t12 n/u nh7L vi2laKanthin< anth,3aKanthin< n,2Kanthin<
ViaVin2Kanthin< Viat2KanthinF 9n c6nh 8 cn c8 ca32t,nF t12 n/u c>c .c tO uang
hH+ +hR |c bit l -uc2Kanthin c8 -u .c lPn >t .c tO uang hH+ n9n t12 n/u c8 -u
n/uF "h3S.2+hSc,a, v acilla3i2+hSc,a, c:ng c8 -u n/u V2 .c tO -uc2KanthinF
C<Q<K< C#e\ &f \3g<
51n +hU- V t3I ca u> t3=nh uang hH+ l "h3S.2la-ina3an< t32ng cPu t3*c cha
li9n AEt c<a glucan< .1n +hU- nS 7Hc cha t32ng nhIng Ah;ng b2 |c bit 7Hc t62
3a t tE b2 chPtF 51n +hU- V t3I ca t12 n/u giOng vi .1n +hU- V t3I ca
"h3S.2+hSc,a,< acilla3i2+hSc,a,? X l+ anth2+hSc,a, v Ha+th2+hSc,a, .1n +hU- V
t3I c:ng c8 cPu t3*c t70ng tF 9n c6nh 8 X t12 n/u cn c8 -annit2l< li+iV X V6ng c>c
gi4t VDu c:ng 7Hc +h>t hinF x2 8 t32ng lRc l6+ ca t12 n/u th7ng c8 c>c gi4t li+itF
"h3S.2+hSc,a,< acilla3i2+hSc,a, c:ng c8 . hin Vin ca Mannit2lF
DHTP4TLT NHM 8
23
SINH HC I CNG GJHD. Ths NGUYN TRUNG HU
T32ng tE b2 ca nhiu t12 n/u tch l:S -^t l7Hng ln i;t< X $a-ina3ia c8 th tch
l:S vi t l l9n En <a<a t32ng Ahi 8 n@ng ^ i;t t32ng n7c bin c8 n@ng ^ 3Pt
thP+ <qF x2 8 t37c /S ng7i ta ) chiEt KuPt I;t t t12 n/uF 9n c6nh 8 t12
bin v |c bit l t12 n/u c:ng th7ng th1i 3a -;i t37ng -^t l7Hng ln b32-inat,
-,than,F
t12 n/u cn tng hH+ n9n c>c V6ng ca tannin< ch*ng c8 cPu t3*c Ahac nhau
nh7ng u cha +2lShSV32KS+h,n2l haS VZn KuPt ca n8F "hc nCng chnh ca c>c hH+
chPt tannin l gi*+ t12 n/u chOng l6i c>c ^ng vt Cn cF uhi 2Ki h2> tannin ch2 3a .1n
+hU- l thuOc nhu^-< thuOc nhu^- nS c8 -u n/u ,n th7ng thPS X t12 n/u b chEt V2
thu t3iu 7a l9n b)iF
C<n< T2U HYI RUI CR)TUPH)TY
C<n<>< ZG Hi[6 #kn# \#li<
Ngnh "3S+t2+hSta ch c8 -^t l+ l "3S+t2+hSc,a,< 7Hc cPu thnh t c0 .X l
c>c 32i v 7Hc t=- thPS t32ng c1 -;i t37ng bin v -;i t37ng n7c ng4tF TE b2 cha
"hl232+hSll a v cg v +hSc2bili+32t,in 7Hc t=- thPS b9n t32ng thSlaA2iV ca lRc l6+F
"0 th tE b2 c8 V6ng l7ng bRng }.au t37c~ vi tE b2 V[t t32ng -|t +hQngF M^t vi
nh8- thiEu lRc l6+ v V V7Jng nh7ng hDu hEt c8 -^t lRc l6+ chia thWS 0n vi -^t h6t
t62 tinh b^t X t3ung t/-F
C<n<C< ,FG ]^- !: acG \d<
$Rc l6+ L
$Rc l6+ ca ngnh hDu hEt 7Hc tiEn h8a t . c^ng .inh giIa -^t c0 th t70ng t
c3S+t2-2na. thc b2 \2ni2-2na. v t12 F $Rc l6+ 7Hc ba2 uanh bXi hai -ng ca
-ng l7i n^i .inh chPt }~ lRc l6+ v hai -ng ca -ng lRc l6+F \iIa -ng ng2i v
-ng t32ng ca -ng l7i n^i .inh chPt lRc l6+ l h6t tinh b^t v nucl,2-23+hF {xN lRc
l6+ 7Hc t+ t3ung t32ng nhiu th nh - c>c th nS +h/n t>n Ah+ n0i t32ng lRc l6+F
$Rc l6+ X c>c tE b2 Ah>c nhau Ah>c nhau t c En g lRc l6+< c8 th Kanh V70ng<
Kanh la-< < n/u< Kanh 2liu< n/u v vng n/uF NhIng -u nS c8 -|t V2 chl232+hSll
b lPn >t bXi -^t .O l7Hng ln .c tO uang hH+ +hR 7Hc t=- thPS vi c>c t l Ah>c nhauF
DHTP4TLT NHM 8
24
SINH HC I CNG GJHD. Ths NGUYN TRUNG HU
ThSlaA2iV th7ng KE+ ;i t62 thnh tP-< Ah;ng c8 tP- aiF ThSlaA2iV VS h0n
thSlaA2iV ca t12 v 7Hc lP+ DS c>c vt liu nhu^- -u tOi< -u nS 6i Vin ch2
.c tO +hSc2cSanin v +hSc2,3Sth3inF
{xN t+ t3ung t32ng nhiu th nhF
M^t c0 uan |c bit l nucl,2-23+h hin Vin t32ng Ah21ng t3Ong giIa lRc l6+ v
-ng l7i n^i .inh chPt lRc l6+< th7ng n- X +hDn l- t39n b -|t ca h6t t62 tinh b^tF
Nucl,2-23+h c8 -^t -ng A+ ba2 uanh v cha c1 {xN v cPu t3*c giOng nh/nF
Th6- vi tE b2 7Hc ba2 uanh bXi lRc l6+ 7Hc gi1i thch nh7 . -; t1 . th2>i h8a
n^i c^ng .inhF zng h^ ch2 AiEn nS gDn /S ) thu 7Hc t . +h/n tch . +h>t .inh
chng l26i ca chui -) t 3ib2.2-, {N
3
cs5 t32ng nh/n v nucl,2-23+hF
Nucl,2-23+h cha aciV nucl,iV -) h8a nhIng {N
3
- 7Hc hH+ nhPt v2 3ib2.2-,
t32ng Ah21ng giIa hai -ng ca lRc l6+ F Nucl,2-23+h c8 th l +hDn nh nh/n ca .
n^i c^ng .inh t32ng . Ain VZn En lRc l6+ F Nucl,2-23+h 7Hc ba2 uanh bXi -^t
-ng c8 nhIng l t70ng t X t32ng -ng nh/nF N8 t3=nh bS V6ng c0 .X ca +h/n chia .
VRng vi OngF Nucl,2-23+h +h/n chia t32ng A Du .- ca nh/n chnh th,2 .au . .a2
ch+ th c0 .X nh7ng t37c Ahi +h/n chia lRc l6+ v -ng l7i n^i .inh chPt lRc l6+F "h
-^t l2i thiEu nucl,2-23+h l \2ni2-2na.< Ah;ng -u v thiEu l6+ thF M^t t12 Ah;ng
-u th hai< "hil2-2na. l V6ng biEn i ca uang hH+ c3S+t2+hSt, cha -^t h6t
Ah;ng -u }v; .c l6+~ v -^t nucl,2-23+hF
Nucleomorph thuong duoc giai thich nhu nhan bi thoai hoa cua h thong quang
hop trong hin tuong noi cong sinh cua sinh vat nhan that, no duoc xem nhu la s hop
nhat vao to tin cua Crvptophvte.
5c tOF
"a32t,n2iV chnh c8 -|t l ca32t,n, v Kanth2+hSll chnh< Viat2KanthinF 8
c8 ba V6ng uang +h ca +hSc2,3Sth3in v ba V6ng uang +h ca +hSc2cSanin< tPt c1
c8 . Ah>c nhau t +hSc2bili+32t,in 7Hc t=- thPS t32ng cSan2bact,3ia v t12 F
ThSc2bili+32t,in n- t32ng vWng t3ung gian b9n t32ng c>c thSlaA2iV v Ah;ng c8 chPt
- ca c>c thSlaA2iV t32ng +hSc2bili.2-, nh7 u> t3=nh t32ng cSan2bact,3ia v t12 F
Mi "3S+t2+hSt, uang hH+ ch c8 -^t nh8- ca +hSc2bili+32t,in h2|c +hSc2,3Sth3in
h2|c +hSc2cSanin Ah;ng ba2 gi c8 c1 haiF uh;ng all2+hSc2cSanin n2 c8 -|tF
DHTP4TLT NHM 8
25
SINH HC I CNG GJHD. Ths NGUYN TRUNG HU
{l2l+hSc2cSanin 8ng vai t3 nh7 -^t cDu nOi t32ng vic chuSn i ca nCng l7Hng >nh
.>ng t +hSc2,3Sth3in v +hSc2cSanin thnh "hl232+hSll a ca +h1n ng t3ung t/- t32ng
t12 v cSan2bact,3iaF 8 c8 . thaS i t32ng .O l7Hng ca .c tO V7i iu Ain
c7ng ^ >nh .>ng Ah>c nhauF
TE b2 ca "3S+t2-ana. +h>t t3in V7i iu Ain c7ng ^ >nh .>ng thP+ }c
-
g
.
c
~ cha gP+ ;i chl232+hSll a v cg< v .>u lDn nh7 +hSc2,3Sth3in Ah+ tE b2 Ahi
+h>t t3in V7i iu Ain c7ng ^ >nh .>ng ca2 }gt -
g
.
c
~F x7i iu Ain c7ng
^ >nh .>ng thP+ c8 . t+ t3ung ca2 h0n ca +hSc2,3Sth3in v thSlaA2iV VS h0nF
C<n<.< C#e\ &f \3g<
"hPt V t3I uan t34ng nhPt l tinh b^tF ">c h6t nS t62 3a X b9n ng2i -ng lRc
l6+ nh7ng b9n t32ng lRc l6+ < n8 X gDn h6t t62 b^tF M^t |c t37ng ch c8 VuS nhPt X t12
"3S+t2+hSc,a, l tinh b^t 7Hc tch l:S Ah;ng X lRc l6+ c:ng Ah;ng X tE b2 chPt - X
+,3i+la.tiVial giIa lRc l6+ v -ng lRc l6+F Tinh b^t l c<bglucan t62 thnh Ah21ng
a a-Sl2., v a-Sl2+,ctinF Tinh b^t "3S+t2+hSc,an t70ng t tinh b^t Ah2ai t/S v
tinh b^t 7Hc t=- thPS t32ng t12 Kanh v t12 gi>+ c8 hai 32i }Vin2-lag,llat,.~F Ng2i 3a
cn c8 c>c gi4t li+itF
C<o< T2U GIOP 0INUPH)TY<
C<o<>< ZG Hi[6 #kn# \#li<
Ga .O 0n b2< c8 3)nhF "8 nh8- c8 v< c8 nh8- t12 gi>+ Ah;ng v }t12 gi>+
t3Dn~F
"8 g 32i< hDu hEt c8 Ah1 nCng chuSn ^ngF x6ng Ah;ng chuSn ^ng V2 thch
nghi vi n0i .Ong ca ch*ngF
a2 g@- c>c V6ng h6t< +a-,lla< a-i+ v t+ 2n V6ng .HiF Ng2i 3a c8 vi V6ng
A= l6< |c bit Ah>c th7ngF Ga V6ng h=nh th>i l V2 a V6ng v Aiu Vinh V7JngF 9n
c6nh t V7Jng Aiu Vinh V7Jng V V7Jng c:ng +h>t t3in t32ng ngnh nS nh7 h26i .inh<
A .inh< c^ng .inh v t2n V7Jng c:ng thPS c8F
C<o<C< ,FG ]^- !: acG \d<
$Rc l6+F
$Rc l6+ 7Hc ba2 uanh bXi -^t -ng g@- c8 a l+ -ng .2ng .2ng< Ah;ng nOi
vi -6ng l7i n^i chPt v -ng nh/nF
DHTP4TLT NHM 8
26
SINH HC I CNG GJHD. Ths NGUYN TRUNG HU
ThSlac2iV th7ng KE+ aF
Jai tao giap co luc lap khac thuong hoc thiu luc lap, no dai din cho nhng sinh
vat nhan thc co hin tuong noi cong sinh.
Luc lap cua nhom noi cong sinh duoc bao boi mot lop mang luoi noi chat noi voi
mang nhan.
NhIng l2i Ach thch ln th7ng c8 lRc l6+ A2 Vi< .+ KE+ t21 t3nF
H=nhL $Rc l6+ T,3iViniu- cinctu-
{xN ca lRc l6+ t+ hH+ t32ng c>c AhOi nh< t32ng .uOt< n- 31i 3>c t32ng lRc l6+F
Nhng loai tao giap noi cong sinh co th co nhng dang nucleotid khac nhau.
5c tOF
uh21ng -^t na .O l2i t12 gi>+ c8 Ah1 nCng uang hH+F NhIng l2i uang hH+
th7ng c8 -u vng n/u< AEt u1 . c8 -|t ca c>c .c tO +hR uang hH+< ch, lP+ -u
Kanh ca chl232+hSllF "hl232+hSll a v cg< Ah;ng c8 chl bF
">c .c tO +hR ch SEu l +,3iVinin< Kanth2+hSll< ViaVin2Kanthin< Vin2Kanthin<
ca32t,n,F T,3iVinin l .c tO tiE+ nhn >nh .>ng X hDu hEt t12 gi>+ uang hH+ v
AEt hH+ vi chl a t62 +hc hH+ +,3iVinin chlaF TuS nhi9n X vi l2i c8 .c tO n/u thaS v=
+,3iVinin< t32ng Ahi vi l2i c8 -u Kanh lRc h2|c F
Nhng loai tao giap noi cong sinh co th co sc to nau fucoxanthin thav vi
peridinin (trong khi vai loai co mau xanh luc hoc do), chl cua cac loai nav la chl c1 va
c2 la nhng dang nucleotid khac nhau.
DHTP4TLT NHM 8
27
SINH HC I CNG GJHD. Ths NGUYN TRUNG HU
C<o<K< C#e\ &f \3g<
T32ng lRc l6+ c8 c>c h6t t62 b^t< ch*ng c8 th b cuOn v2 h2|c gn t32ng lRc l6+F
Tinh b^t l chPt V t3I chnh< n8 7Hc t62 thnh X b9n ng2i -ng lRc l6+ t c>c
h6t t62 b^tF Tinh bot cua tao giap cng giong tao do, trong khi tinh bot tao luc duoc tao
ra va d tr bn trong luc lap.
$i+iV c:ng 7Hc t=- thPS nh7 vt liu V t3IF
C<p< T2U MqT<
C<p<>< ZG Hi[6 #kn# \#li
Ga .O t12 -t c8 V6ng 0n b2< c8 32i< tE b2 Aiu -2naVF T32ng u> t3=nh .Ong<
c8 giai 26n tE b2 7Hc ba2 b4c bXi l+ v nhDS 7Hc g4i l b2 t ngh }b2 K>c~
C<p<C< ,FG ]^- !: acG \d<
$Rc l6+L
H=nh V6ng Ah>c nhau X -i l2i t32ng ngnhF VR X l2i Euglena spirovraL lRc
l6+ nh v c8 h=nh a? X l2i Euglena Ah>c lRc l6+ V6ng tP- - Ah;ng cha DS h6t t62
tinh b^t v Kung uanh Ah;ng giu h6t tinh b^tF
\iOng vi xin2+hSta< lRc l6+ 7Hc ba2 b4c bXi a l+ -ng< Ah;ng nOi vi l7i n^i
.inh chPt ca nh/nF $Rc l6+ c8 l+ -ng VS aqbqn-
- S hinh thanh ba lop mang nav theo con duong thc bao. Hai mang ngoai duoc
xem nhu mang cua luc lap tao luc. Mang thu ba duoc xem la mang cua khong bao thuc
n cua vat chu.
ThSlaA2iV th7ng .+ KE+ thnh nh8- a< V6ng b1n -ng< c>ch .+ KE+ giOng
xin2+hSta< Ah;ng c8 thSlaA2iV ng26i vi nh7 X H,t,32A2nt2+hStaF Nhiu l2i Ah;ng c8
lRc l6+ n9n ch*ng .Ong V V7Jng bng c>ch thc b2 h2|c h26i .inhF
$Rc l6+ Ah;ng b ch, lP+ bXi .c tO +hR n9n c8 -u KanhF
$Rc l6+ c8 cha {xNF {xN xN{ t c8 . Ah>c bit .2 vi nh/nF Ja Euglena
duoc coi la co th dau tin co chua DNA luc lap d duoc chung minhF {xN 7Hc t=-
thPS nh7 -^t cu^n ca c>c h6t - chiu Vi n8 KuS9n .uOt lRc l6+F
5c tOL
$Rc l6+ cha .c tO "hl a< b t62 n9n -u Kanh ca t12< Ah;ng c8 "hl cF
DHTP4TLT NHM 8
28
SINH HC I CNG GJHD. Ths NGUYN TRUNG HU
5c tO +hR uan t34ngL ca32t,n,< n,2Kanthin< ViaVin2Kanthin v -^t .O .c tO
Ah>c nh7L ,chin,n2n,< Viat2Kanthin v ,aKanthin
C<p<K< C#e\ &f \3g<
51n +hU- V t3I Ah;ng +h1i l tinh b^t - l +a3a-Sl2n< -^t ca +2lS-, ca
gluc2., c8 t32ng tE b2 chPtF
Ng2i 3a X t12 Mt c8 h6t t62 tinh b^t n- ng2i lRc l6+F
C<>r< T2U ,;C CH,URUPH)TY<
C<>r<>< ZG Hi[6 #kn# \#li<
T12 lRc 0n b2 c8 cha chl232+hSl a v b< Kanth2+hSllF H=nh th>i 3Pt Ah>c nhau< c8
l26i 0n b2< c8 l26i thnh nh8- }nh h=nh haS +hi nh h=nh~< c8 l26i V6ng .Hi< c8 l26i
V6ng -ng< c8 l26i V6ng OngFFFThDn ln c8 -u lRc nh7 cF 5c l6+ }ch32-2+la.t~ c8 th
c8 h=nh +hiEn< h=nh V1i< h=nh l7i< h=nh t3R< h=nh cOc< h=nh .a2FFFTh7ng c8 gt thSlaA2iV
KE+ ch@ng l9n nhauF ThDn ln c8 c haS nhiu +S3,n2iV n- t32ng .c l6+F Nhi- vR ch
SEu ca +S3an2iV l tng hH+ tinh b^tF T39n .c l6+ ca lRc t12 0n b2 haS tE b2 .inh
.1n Vi ^ng th7ng c8 i- -t }.tig-a haS 3,V,S,.+2t~ -u F ThDn ln tE b2 Vi ^ng
ca lRc t12 c8 .Hi l;ng 32i }ti9n -a2~ Vi bng nhau v t30n nhn }g4i l I.2A2ntan~F M^t
.O l26i l;ng 32i 3>+ v= c8 l;ng nh t39n -|tF "8 l26i t39n b -|t l;ng 32i c8 c haS vi tDng
vUS nh }.cal,~F $;ng 32i ca tE b2 Vi ^ng X t12 lRc th7ng c8 g .Hi< -^t .O t c8 b .Hi<
s .Hi haS nhiu h0nF ":ng c8 Ahi ch c8 c .Hi l;ng 32iF ThDn ln tE b2 t12 lRc c8 c nh/nF
M^t .O t c8 nhiu nh/n }c2,n2cStic~FThnh tE b2 ca t12 lRc ch SEu cha c,llul2.,<
-^t .O t cha KSlan h2|c -annanF
DHTP4TLT NHM 8
29
SINH HC I CNG GJHD. Ths NGUYN TRUNG HU
C<>r<C< ,FG ]^- !: acG \d<
lRc l6+L
$Rc l6+ 7Hc ba2 bXi -ng A+< Ah;ng c8 -6ng l7i n^i .inh chPt lRc l6+F
i- nS ch*ng giOng vi h2V2+hSta< \lauc2V2+hSta< 3S2+hSta v T3ach,2+hStaF
Mi l+ -ng lRc l6+ VS qn-< Ah21ng c>ch giIa ch*ng t cn-F T32ng lRc l6+
thSlaA2iV c8 Ach th7c Ah>c nhauF H6t t62 b^t n- t32ng lRc l6+F
ThSlaA2iV AEt hH+ thnh V1i g@- g t h2|c nhiu h0n< Ah;ng c8 la-,lla vnh aiF
{xN lRc l6+ V6ng vng n- 31i 3>c Ah+ lRc l6+F
$Rc l6+ X hDu hEt "hla-SV2-2na. c8 V6ng c>i t>ch v n- c6nh -ng tE b2< X
vi l2i lRc l6+ c8 h=nh V6ng Ah>c nhauF \Oc ca t>ch VS v c8 +S3,n2iV nh v X /SF
5c tOL
$Rc l6+ c8 -u Kanh V2 n8 Ah;ng ch, lP+ bXi c>c .c tO Ah>cF Co chl a va b, dc
dim nav chung giong voi Prochlophvta, Euglenophvta, Glaucodophvta, Brvophvta va
Tracheophvta. Ng2i 3a -^t .O l2i c8 -^t l26i chl t70ng t chlcF
5c tO uang hH+ +hR nh7 L Kant2+hSll< vi2laKanthin<lut,in< ,aKanhthin<
anth,3aKanthin< n,2Kanthin< .i+h2n,in v .i+h2S2KanthinF
DHTP4TLT NHM 8
30
SINH HC I CNG GJHD. Ths NGUYN TRUNG HU
C<>r<K< C#e\ &f \3g<
51n +hU- V t3I l tinh b^t c8 V6ng h6t X t32ng chPt nn ca lRc l6+ l- ch2 lRc
l6+ c8 b -|t ln nhnF
H6t t62 b^t }+S3,n2iV t3ung t/- t62 tinh b^t~ n- t32ng lRc l6+< n8 c8 chc nCng
t32ng uang hH+F TS3,n2iV l 26n +32t,in c8 Ah1 nCng tha- gia +h1n ng cO nh "%g<
n8 cha ,ni- ii."% }3ibul22 c<q bi.+h2.+hat ca3b2KSla., 2KSg,na.,~ tha- gia
+h1n ng Du ti9n t32ng chu t3=nh t>i . VRng cacb2nF
DHTP4TLT NHM 8
31
SINH HC I CNG GJHD. Ths NGUYN TRUNG HU
C#$Tn K< S SINH S2N CXY T2U
K<>< M;C CH V/ s NGHtY<
t12< -i thE h t n8 c8 th .inh .1n v; tnh v hIu tnhF
5 .inh .1n v; tnh l- tCng nhanh .O l7Hng c> th< nh7ng vt chPt Vi t3uSn ca
ch*ng Ah;ng c8 . thaS i< cn .inh .1n hIu tnh l6i t62 n9n tnh a V6ng v c>c biEn V
ca c>c c> th t32ng uDn thF TuS nhi9n .inh .1n hIu tnh th7ng l)ng +h v -|t nCng
l7Hng v vt chPt tE b2 V2 c>c gia2 t 7Hc +h8ng thch 3a nh7ng Ah;ng +h1i ba2 gi
c:ng c8 th thR tinh 7Hc< nhIng gia2 t nS th7ng chEt v g/S 3a . l)ng +h nSF TWS
v iu Ain t32ng -;i t37ng - t12 c8 h=nh thc .inh .1n n2 nh- t62 3a thE h -i
thch ng 7Hc vi iu Ain ca -;i t37ngF
HDu hEt t12 bin VuS t3= c1 hai h=nh thc .inh .1nF Th,2 u..,l }cyst~ n0i c8 Qng
gia2 t th= c>c gia2 t nS thc hin chc nCng nh7 ^ng b2 t t32ng .inh .1n v; tnhF
M^t vi t12 .8ng t3;i ni th= .O l7Hng c> th +hR thu^c h=nh thc .inh .1n .inh
V7Jng +h/n -1nhF
K<C< SINH S2N SINH 0uNG<
Qu> t3=nh .inh .1n .inh V7Jng 7Hc tiEn hnh t39n nhIng +hDn 3i9ng l ca c0 thF
ThDn ln c>c l2i .inh .1n th,2 h=nh thc nS th7ng Ah;ng chuS9n h8a chc nCng .inh
.1nF
"8 bOn h=nh thc .inh .1n th,2 Aiu .inh V7Jng ng vi h=nh th>i ca ch*ngL
Tao don baoL 5inh .1n bng c>ch +h/n chia tE b2<th7ng g|+ X t12
la-}cSan2+hSta~ v t12 -t },ugl,n2+hSta~F
T -^t tE b2 -[ +h/n ct thnh hai tE b2 -iF
Tao dang tap doan . 5inh .1n bng c>ch +h/n t>ch nhIng t+ 2n c8 Ach th7c
nh haS thnh nhIng t+ 2n -i ngaS t39n t+ 2n -[< nh7 t+ 2n 2lv2K
Tao dang soi. T62 thnh c>c 26n nh haS t 26n t nhi9n<Aiu .inh .1n nS
th7ng g|+ XL Oscollatoria,Octoc,Lvngbva.
Tao dang tan. 5inh .1n nh t>ch -^t +hDn t39n c0 th -[<c0 th c2n Vnh l9n c0
th -[ h2|c -4c ^c l+F
DHTP4TLT NHM 8
32
SINH HC I CNG GJHD. Ths NGUYN TRUNG HU
- Phan ct tao doan. "h*ng ch2 3a c>c 4an ngn<3i Ahi c0 th -[ thnh -^t c0
th Ah>cF "h*ng 3i Ahi c0 th -[ bng c>ch t37HtF T32ng h=nh thc .inh .1n bng c>ch
t12 26n nS th= c8 g V6ng 8 l gian bao v hoai bao.
\i>n b2L $ -^t haS hai tE b2 gDn nhau h8a nhDS thnh -^t "hPt u haFTE
b2 gDn 8 nh vS 3i nhau VY Vng v t1n t t6i v t3 PSF
H26i b2L -^t tE b2 t3X n9n vng v v>ch ngang ca ch*ng l-<tE b2 8 VDn tan
i l- ch2 t12 26n 3i 3aF
Cau hanh. (propagula)
$2i 5+hac,la3ia 3igiVula }thu^c l+ t12 n/u~ Ahi g|+ iu Ain nhit ^ ca2L cg
g" v t32ng iu Ain ngS ViL cth chiEu .>ng . h=nh thnh nh>nh .inh .1n cn g4i
l cDu hnhF "Du hnh 7Hc h=nh thnh -^t b9n ca t1n< th7ng -ang g nh>nh< hiE- Ahi
aF "Du hnh nOi vi t1n bng -^t l+ tE b2 -ng n9n 3Pt VY +h>t t>n v n1S ch@i thnh
t1n -iF
- Nav choi. "/S c2n 7Hc h=nh thnh t3c tiE+ t39n c/S -[< .au 8 t>ch 3a Ahi c/S
-[ +h>t t3in thnh c> th -iF
K<K< SINH S2N V TNH<
G/S l h=nh thc .inh .1n uan t34ng ca c>c l2i T12< t32ng u> t3=nh .inh .1n c0
th .inh vt h=nh thnh n9n c0 uan .inh .1n chuS9n h8a g4i l bao tu. H=nh thnh c>c
l26i b2 t v; tnh< nh7 2 t tnh }{+lan2.+23,~< 2 t ^ng }22.+23,~< 2 t t
th/n }{ut2.+233,~< 2 t -ng VDS }{Ain,t~F Thc hin bng . h=nh thnh c>c b2 t
chuS9n h8a< c8 32i h2|c Ah;ng c8 32iF ">c b2 t 7Hc h=nh thnh t32ng b2 t +hng }t*i
b2 t~F 2 t nUS -D- thnh t1n -iF
- Sinh san vo tinh bng bao tu lung boi.
T12 n/u c8 c0 uan .inh .1n |c bit 8 l t*i b2 t nhiu ; }+lu3il2cula3
.+23angia~< t*i b2 t nS ch t62 thnh b2 t gn b2 t nS l6i n1S -D- thnh th b2
t ban DuF
Tao nau. T39n th b2 t c8 -ang t*i b2 t -^t ngCn haS t*i b2 t nhiu ngCn
h2|c c1 hai tWS thu^c v2 iu Ain t32ng -;i t37ngF
Tui bao tu nhiu ngn (plurilocular sporangium). T*i b2 t nS g@- nhiu tE
b2< -i tE b2 t32ng t*i . h=nh thnh n9n -^t ^ng b2 tF ">c ^ng b2 t 7Hc h=nh
DHTP4TLT NHM 8
33
SINH HC I CNG GJHD. Ths NGUYN TRUNG HU
thnh t32ng t*i b2 t nhiu ngCn l c>c ^ng b2 t l7Jng b^i }gn~F x2 8 Ahi 7Hc gi1i
+h8ng< ^ng b2 t n1S -D- thnh th b2 t -iF
Tui bao tu mot ngn (unilocular sporangium). t*i b2 t -^t ngCn ch g@- -^t tE
b2F T6i t*i b2 t -^t ngCn t31i ua u> t3=nh +h/n b2 gi1- nhiY- t62 3a b2 t
gi1- nhiY- }n~F ">c b2 t nS -^t na +h>t t3in thnh th gia2 t c v -^t na +h>t
t3in thnh th gia2 t c>iF
- Sinh san vo tinh bng dong bao tu. Ulothrix :onata .inh .1n v; tnh bng ^ng b2
t b 32i< h2Cc g 32iF
T12 lRcL TE b2 Vinh V7Jng t +h/n ct thnh nhiu ^ng b2 t -ang g<b h2|c
nhiu 32iF 2 t b0i l^i -^t thi gian 3@i ngng chuSn ^ng< b>- v2 gi> th v +h>t
t3in thnh c0 th -iF NEu g|+ iu Ain -;i t37ng Ah;ng thch hH+< t12 c8 th h=nh
thnh b2 t bPt ^ng c8 v>ch VS< .Ong ch- -^t thi gian< Ahi g|+ iu Ain thun lHi
th= +h>t t3in thnh t1n -iF
x6ng |c bit ca b2 t l h=nh thnh c>c "S.t<"S.t c8 Ah1 nCng chOng chu vi
iu Ain Ahc nghit ca -;i t37ngFuhi g|+ iu Ain thun lHi ch*ng c8 Ah1 nCng n1S
-D- +h>t t3in thnh c0 th -iF
-^t .O t12 la- cn c8 Ah1 nCng t62 3a n^i b2 t },nV2.+23,~< ng26i b2 t
},K2.+23,~F
M^t .O l26i c8 th t62 3a dong bao tu (ankinite), di bao tu (heterocvst).
K<.< SINH S2N Hv( TNH<
5inh .1n hIu tnh l h=nh thc .inh .1n c8 . AEt hH+ giIa c>c tE b2 chuS9n h8a
7Hc g4i l gia2 tF
Qu> t3=nh .inh .1n hIu tnh ViYn 3a
vi nhiu h=nh thc a V6ng<-ang c>c |c
i- |c t37ng ca l2iF xa v2 h=nh
V6ng v Ach th7c ca ca gia2 t ng7i
ta chia u> t3=nh .inh .1n hIu tnh thnhL
GQng gia2 }i.2ga-S~< x gia2
DHTP4TLT NHM 8
34
SINH HC I CNG GJHD. Ths NGUYN TRUNG HU
}ani.2ga-S~< N2)n gia2 }22ga-S~< -^t .O .inh .1n hIu tnh th,2 Aiu tiE+ hH+ giIa hai tE
b2 .inh V7JngF
K<.<>< ClG #kn# \#wG ain# an #g8 \In#<
ng giao (isogamv).
GQng gia2 }i.2ga-S~ l gia2 t c v c>i giOng nhau v c1 h=nh V6ng v Ach
th7cF
Di giao (anisogamv).
x gia2 }ani.2ga-S~ l c>c gia2
t c v c>i v b1n chPt h2n t2n
giOng nhau ch Ah>c nhau X Ach
th7c ca ch*ngF \ia2 t c>i ln h0n
gia2 t c v th7ng t Vi ^ngF
Non giao (oogamv).
$ . AEt hH+ ca -^t t3ng ln
bPt ^ng cha nhiu chPt V t3I vi
-^t tinh t3Wng nh chuSn ^ng }t3
t12 G h2V2+hSta tinh t Ah;ng chuSn ^ng~ cha t chPt V t3IF HH+ t 7Hc h=nh
thnh .au Ahi AEt hH+ ca hai gia2 t
haS thR tinh . n1S -D- t3c tiE+ thnh
t1n -i h2|c ua giai 26n ngh Ahi
g|+ iu Ain bPt lHiL tch l:S Vinh
V7Jng h=nh thnh b2 t n2)n En Ahi
g|+ iu Ain thun lHi th= nUS -D- t62
thnh t1n -iF
-^t .O t12 ch7a tiEn h8a u>
t3=nh .inh .1n hIu tnh tiEn hnh bng
. AEt hH+ t2n v[n ca c1 c0 th g4i l
. t2n gia2 }h2l2ga-S~F
DHTP4TLT NHM 8
35
SINH HC I CNG GJHD. Ths NGUYN TRUNG HU
t12 n/u< nhiu l2i Qng gia2< V gia2 nh7ng thc tE c8 biu hin ca n2)n gia2<
vi gia2 t c c8 . lng 4ng t37c Ahi thR tinhF
A. 5 vn ^ng lch h7ng Ahi tiE+ K*c vi h2> chPt X ct2ca3+u. .ilicul2.u. 2i
3RngF
B. $a-ina3ia VigitataL thP- u h6t .ilic v2 t3ung t/- < vi nhIng VPu hiu 3i9ng
ca tinh t3WngF
CF ucu. .+i3ali.L c>c +h1n ng uaS v VPu hiu 3i9ng ca tinh t3Wng gDn gi4t "
t32ng -uc2F
M Th,2 M2t2-u3a v 5aAai }cyss~ ch2 thPS 3ng t3ng ca $a-ina3ia angu.tana c8
32i X bRng v 3Rng t37c Ahi gi1i +hng Ahi t*i n2)nF
M Tao do sinh san bng hinh thuc non giao, khong giong nhng loai khac X ch t*i
t3ng l -^t cPu t3*c |c bit 7Hc g4i l th7 u1 haS qua bao }ca3+2g2niu-~F
Qu1 b2 g@-L
ThDn V7i +h=nh t2 cha t3ngF
ThDn t39n A2 Vi t62 thnh th7 -a2 }vi .1n b2L t3Sch2gS-~F
Th7 -a2 c8 th Vi< ngn h2|c V6ng u l@i tWS th,2 l2iF x2 cPu t3*c c0 uan .inh .1n
|c bit nh7 vS n9n vng i ca t12 c:ng c8 nhiu Ah>c bitF
Trinh san. (Parthenogenesis).
$ h=nh thc .inh .1n t32ng 8 c>c gia2 t +h>t t3in t3c tiE+ Ah;ng ua thR tinhF
GOi vi l2i n2)n gia2 }22ga-S~ v V gia2 }ani.2ga-S~L gia2 t c>i +h>t t3in
Ah;ng ua thR tinh t62 thnh th gia2 tF
GOi vi nhIng l2i c8 vng i V h=nh< gia2 t @ng h=nh< c>c gia2 t Ah;ng thR
tinh . +h>t t3in thnh c/S c8 h=nh th>i giOng th b2 t }.+232+hSt, -23+h2l2gS~< nh7
chi Derbesia.
H=nh thc .inh .1n nS hiE- K1S 3a< t l +h>t t3in thnh c;ng t32ng t nhi9n ch7a
7Hc biEt }"laSt2n< cyss~F
Tip hop.
Qu> t3=nh tiE+ hH+ L "8 th l tan dong chu< c:ng c8 th l tan bit chu.
Tan bit chu . ta c8 -^t .Hi t1n c v -^t .Hi t1n c>i< . tiE+ hH+ K1S 3a giIa hai
tE b2 ca hai .Hi t12 KE+ .2ng .2ng h=nh thnh Ong tiE+ hH+F N^i chPt ca tE b2 nS Vi
DHTP4TLT NHM 8
36
SINH HC I CNG GJHD. Ths NGUYN TRUNG HU
chuSn .ang tE b2 Aia }. tiE+ hH+ h=nh thang~F "8 t37ng hH+ n^i chPt ca hai tE b2
u Vi chuSn v hH+ t h=nh thnh ngaS X Ong gia2 +hOiF
- Tan dong chu . hai tE b2 AE cn ca -^t .Hi tiE+ hH+ vi nhau< l*c PS -^t +hDn
v>ch ngCn tan i h=nh thnh cDu nOi l- 7ng ch2 tE b2 c Vi chuSn ua tE b2 c>i
}. tiE+ hH+ b9n~F
K<.<C< Sin# an #g8 \In# 4 6x\ ad ]`:i T`<
K<.<C<>< T` ny8:
T39n th gia2 t c8 -ang t*i gia2 t nhiu ngCn }+lu3il2cula3 ga-,tangiu-~ haS -^t
ngCn }unil23cula3 ga-,tangiu-~F "1 hai l26i t*i gia2 t u t62 3a gia2 t 0n b^i }n~F
xa v2 |c i- ca gia2 t c v gia2 t c>i t32ng .inh .1n hIu tnh c8 c>c h=nh thc
.auL
H=nh thc ng gia2 }i.2ga-2u.~L c>c gia2 t c v c>c gia2 t c>i c8 Ach th7c
giOng nhau v c8 Ah1 nCng chuSn ^ng bng 32iF
H=nh thc V gia2 }ani.2ga-2u.~L gia2 t c>i c8 Ach th7c l0n h0n .2 vi gia2 t
c< c1 hai gia2 t u c8 Ah1 nCng chuSn ^ng nh 32iF
H=nh thc n2)n gia2 }22ga-2u.~L gia2 t c>i c8 Ach th7c ln h0n gia2 t c
gP+ nhiu lDn v Ah;ng chuSn ^ngF \ia2 t c>i 7Hc g4i l n2)nF
K<.<C<C< T` ]FG:
Thc hin bng . AEt hH+ ca nhIng tE b2 chuS9n h8a g4i l gia2 tF TWS th,2
-c ^ giOng nhau haS Ah>c nhau ca c>c gia2 t - +h/n bit a h=nh thc .inh .1n hIu
tnh l Qng gia2 }h2-2ga-S~< V gia2 }h,t,32ga-S~ v n2)n gia2 }2ga-S~F
HH+ t 7Hc h=nh thnh .au Ahi AEt hH+ gia2 t h2|c thR tinh . nUS -D- t3c tiE+
thnh t1n -i h2|c ua giai 26n t3ung gianF -^t .O t12 ch7a tiEn h8a }nh7 X b^
2lv2cal,.~ u> t3=nh hIu tnh tiEn hnh bng . AEt hH+ t2n v[n ca c1 c0 th }g4i l .
t2n gia2 h2l2ga-S~F
Ng2i 3a -^t .O t12 Ah>c l6i c8 u> t3=nh .inh .1n hIu tnh |c bit th,2 lOi tiE+ hH+
}Sg2ga-S~ giIa g tE b2 .inh V7Jng v Ah;ng t62 thnh gia2 t }nh7 X 2ng nht
5+i32gS3a~F
Qu> t3=nh tiE+ hH+L
DHTP4TLT NHM 8
37
SINH HC I CNG GJHD. Ths NGUYN TRUNG HU
- Tan bit chu ( di tan) . ta c8 -^t .Hi t1n c v -^t .Hi t1n c>i< . tiE+ hH+ K1S 3a
giIa hai tE b2 ca hai .Hi t12 KE+ .2ng .2ng h=nh thnh Ong tiE+ hH+F N^i chPt ca tE b2
nS Vi chuSn .ang tE b2 Aia }. tiE+ hH+ h=nh thang~F "8 t37ng hH+ n^i chPt ca hai tE
b2 u Vi chuSn v hH+ t h=nh thnh ngaS X Ong gia2 +hOiF
- Tan dong chu ( dong tan). hai tE b2 AE cn ca -^t .Hi tiE+ hH+ vi nhau< l*c PS
-^t +hDn v>ch ngCn tan i h=nh thnh cDu nOi l- 7ng ch2 tE b2 c Vi chuSn ua tE
b2 c>i }. tiE+ hH+ b9n~F Mot so truong hop nhiu giao tu nav no thanh mot trung nhu
hop tu voi vach dav chua nhiu noi chat va song cham. Song s tip hop khong xav ra
ma hai t bao chi tip xuc nhau hav co khi u tip hop chua dung nhau (s trinh san).
K<.<C<K< T` Hz:
5inh .1n X t12 c8 |c i- .inh h4c th* v< 8 l tinh t Ah;ng vn ^ng< th gia2
t c>i l nhIng tE b2 chuS9n h8a - n8 vZn cn t@n t6i t39n th gia2 t c>i< v +h>t t3in
th,2 nhiu c2n 7ng< th7ng li9n uan En . AEt hH+ ca nhiu tE b2 v hiu ng
chuSn nh/nF T6i i- ng2i cWng< u1 t*i c8 th h=nh thnh t . thR tinh 0nF Th,2
uan i- t3uSn thOng ca .inh .1n hIu tnh X t12 < ch nhIng tinh t3Wng c8 l+ v
Vnh En tiE+ K*c vi Ong n2)n b2F uh1 nCng nS 7Hc thc hin tOt Ahi ch*ng gi1i
+h8ng .Hi nhDS nh7 X Tiffaniella snvderae. 5Hi nhDS 8 c8 Ah1 nCng n h@i< n8 v70n
Vi t32ng Vng ch1S ca n7c v Ahi n8 gn vi c/S c>i<n8 c8 th t62 v ng4t X b -|t v
t+ t3ung tinh t3Wng gDn nhau t39n Ong n2)n b2F "8 nhIng +hDn +hR h=nh n8n t39n tinh
t3Wng nh7 Aglaothamnion neglectum Ah;ng nhDS Vnh v li9n AEt ch vi Ong n2)n b2 v
l;ng< -|c VW li9n AEt nS l Ah;ng c8 tnh |c hiu l2iF
T12 c8 . t=nh thnh nh>nh u1 b2 t< tE b2 h t3H< tE b2 t3H b2 }ch X vi
nhIng l2i +h/n nh>nh~F
DHTP4TLT NHM 8
38
SINH HC I CNG GJHD. Ths NGUYN TRUNG HU
C#$Tn .< V{NG I V/ COC )S( TL 2NH H?NG
.<>< V{NG I<
.<><>< ZG Hi[6 G#8n<
ng i ca t12 K,n A giIa gia2 t th v b2 t thF
.<><C< V|n H}i G~9 6x\ ad H^i &in<
.<><C<><T` ny8:
- Jong doi cua tao Fucus.
ng i ca t12 Fucus }t12 n/u~ l -^t A l7Jng t7ng .inh< giai 26n 0n b^i ch
KuPt hin X tE b2 gia2 tF 5inh .1n hIu tnh th,2 h=nh thc n2)n gia2F
Nh7 vS t32ng chu t3=nh .Ong ca ucu. t@n t6i ch SEu l thE h b2 t< cn th
gia2 t K,- nh7 b ti9u gi1- v .Ong nh t39n th b2 tF "h2 n9n ng7i ta KE+ chu t3=nh
.Ong ca ucu. v2 Aiu -^t A l7Jng b^iF Th b2 t .1n KuPt 3a gia2 t X c>c t*i t32ng
DHTP4TLT NHM 8
39
SINH HC I CNG GJHD. Ths NGUYN TRUNG HU
b2 +hngF HH+ t +h>t t3in thnh th b2 t -iF uh;ng nhn thPS c8 u> t3=nh .inh
.1n v; tnh X ucu.F
- Jong doi cua tao Ectocarpus.
T1n ct2ca3+u. c8 V6ng .Hi +h/n nh>nh t62 thnh nhIng chW- c8 -u n/u Ach
th7c t vi c,nti-,t3, }c-~ En vi V,ci-,t3, }V-~F ct2ca3+u. c8 c1 h=nh thc .inh .1n
v; tnh bng b2 t v .inh .1n hIu tnh th,2 h=nh thc Qng gia2F T32ng i .Ong ca t12
c8 hai V6ng t1n l t1n 0n b^i v t1n l7Jng b^i c8 h=nh th>i v Ach th7c giOng nhauF
T32ng .inh .1n v; tnh bng ^ng b2 tF ">c ^ng b2 t c8 th 7Hc t62 3a t32ng
c>c t*i b2 t nhiu ngCn }+lu3il2cula3 .+23angiu-~ haS c>c t*i b2 t -^t ngCn }unicula3
.+23angiu-~ X t39n th b2 tF t*i b2 t nhiu ngCn< -i tE b2 . h=nh thnh n9n -^t
^ng b2 t nh7ng Ah;ng t31i ua u> t3=nh gi1- +h/n< V2 8 c>c ^ng b2 t 7Hc t62 3a
X t*i b2 t nhiu ngCn l c>c b2 t l7Jng b^iF 2 t l7Jng b^i l -^t t32ng nhIng nt
|c bit t32ng .inh .1n ca t12 n/uF ">c b2 t l7Jng b^i . n1S -D-< +h>t t3in thnh
-^t th b2 t -iF T32ng Ahi 8< X t*i b2 t -^t ngCn< ch g@- -^t tE b2 +h=nh ln
ViYn 3a u> t3=nh gi1- +h/n h=nh thnh n9n c>c c>c b2 t 0n b^iF M^t na .O b2 t
0n b^i . n1S -D- v h=nh thnh n9n th gia2 t c v -^t na h=nh thnh th gia2 t
c>iF
T32ng .inh .1n hIu tnh< c>c gia2 t c:ng 7Hc t62 3a t32ng c>c t*i gia2 t nhiu
ngCn haS -^t ngCn t39n th gia2 tF TuS nhi9n< c>c gia2 t 7Hc ta2 3a Ah;ng c8 nhIng
|c i- Ah>c nhau |c bit nh7 X c>c t*i b2 tF ">c gia2 t .au Ahi 7Hc h=nh thnh
AEt hH+ vi nhau t62 thnh hH+ t l7Jng b^iF HH+ t n1S -D- v +h>t t3in thnh th b2
t -iF ct2ca3+u. .inh .1n hIu tnh th,2 h=nh thc ng gia2< gia2 t c v gia2 t v
gia2 t c>i c8 Ach th7c giOng nhau v c8 Ah1 nCng chuSn ^ngF
Nh7 vS< ta thPS 3ng t32ng vng i ca t12 ct2ca3+u. l vng i hai A 0n
l7Jng t7ng .inh @ng h=nh Ah;ng bt bu^cF Giu nS c8 ngha t32ng vng i th b2 t
ca ct2ca3+u. Ah;ng h2n t2n +hR thu^c v th gia2 t V2 c8 h=nh thc .inh .1n v; tnh
bng ^ng b2 t l7Jng b^i 7Hc h=nh thnh t32ng t*i b2 t nhiu ; n9n th b2 t c8
Ah1 nCng .inh 3a th b2 t -iF
Jong doi cua tao Sphacelaria.
DHTP4TLT NHM 8
40
SINH HC I CNG GJHD. Ths NGUYN TRUNG HU
T12 5+hac,la3ia t32ng vng i c8 . K,n A thE h giIa gia2 t th v b2 t th
h0i V h=nh }Vi+l2ha+l2ntic .lightlS h,t,32-23+hic~< giIa th gia2 t v th b2 t ch .ai
Ah>c nhau tF "1 th gia2 t v th b2 t ca 5+hac,la3ia c8 V6ng .Hi +h/n nh>nh t62
thnh -^t cR- .Hi< t1n ca2 t <qac-F
T32ng .inh .1n hIu tnh< c1 th gia2 t c v gia2 t c>i u -ang t*i gia2 t nhiu
ngCnF T*i gia2 t c c8 c>c ngCn nh h0n .2 vi c>c ngCn ca t*i gia2 t c>i< /S l -^t
6c i- +h/n bit giIa th gia2 t c v th gia2 t c>iF ">c gia2 t c c8 Ach
th7c nh h0n 3Pt nhiu v c8 -u .c nh6t h0n .2 vi c>c gia2 t c>i n9n chng 7Hc
g4i l gia2 t nh }-ic32ga-,t,~< c>c gia2 t c>i 7Hc g4i l gia2 t ln }-ac32ga-,t,~F
"1 hai l26i gia2 t u c8 Ah1 nCng chuSn ^ngF uhi gia2 t c v gia2 t c>i AEt hH+
vi nhau t62 thnh hH+ t l7Jng b^iF HH+ t +h>t t3in t62 thnh th b2 t Ah;ng ua
giai 26n nghF
Ng2i 3a< c>c gia2 t c>i c8 th +h>t t3in t3c tiE+ Ah;ng ua thR tinh t62 thnh th
gia2 t c>iF
5+hac,la3ia .inh .1n hIu tnh K)S 3a t6i nhit ^ ca2 }cg<gb<g
2
" Ahi nghi9n cu
t32ng +hng th nghi- vi iu Ain ngS Vi Ah21ng ct gi chiEu .>ng~F T32ng Ahi 8
c>c t*i t62 tE b2 .inh .1n -^t ngCn l6i 7Hc t62 3a t32ng iu Ain nhit ^ thP+ }b
cg
2
"~< X g
2
" ch c8 th Vinh V7Jng +h>t t3inF
Nh7 vS< 5+hac,la3ia c8 h=nh thc .inh .1n 3Pt a V6ng v t32ng vng i c8 . K,n
A thE h V h=nh< .inh .1n hIu tnh th,2 h=nh thc V gia2F
Jong doi cua tao Laminaria.
">c chu A cu^c .Ong ch2 thPS biEn i 3Pt ln t -^t nh8- Ah>cF TuS nhi9n< chu
A .Ong ca $a-ina3ia ba2 g@- c>c thE h l7Jng b^i< 8 l t12 b[ ln T32ng b^
$a-ina3ial,. Th b2 t c8 . +h/n h8a thnh th/n< l>< 3Y gi1F Y c8 V6ng .Hi +h/n nh>nh
haS c8 V6ng aF Th/n c8 V6ng t3R t3n haS V[t< l> th7ng c8 V6ng b1n ln th7ng -i t1n
ch c8 -^t l> nguS9n haS chia thWSF \iIa th/n v l> c8 -; +h/n .inh gi*+ c1 th/n v l>
.inh t37XngF M^t .O l2i c8 Ah1 nCng .inh .1n .inh V7Jng bng h=nh thc -4c ch@i t 3YF
5inh .1n v; tnh bng ^ng b2 t 0n b^iF ">c t*i ^ng b2 t 7Hc h=nh thnh t c>c tE
b2 ng26i bi9n t39n l>< +h/n chia gi1- nhiY- t62 n9n ct tb ^ng b2 tF ">c ^ng b2
t . +h>t t3in thnh th gia2 t c v th gia2 t c>iF
DHTP4TLT NHM 8
41
SINH HC I CNG GJHD. Ths NGUYN TRUNG HU
T32ng i .Ong ca $a-ina3ia c8 hai V6ng t1n Ah>c nhau l t1n ln }Mac32thalli~ v
t1n nh }Mic32thalli~F T1n nh l th gia2 t< c8 Ach th7c hin vi< V6ng .Hi +h/n nh>nh
vi .O l7Hng tE b2 tF T32ng Ahi 8 t1n ln l th b2 t< c8 V6ng l> haS c8 +h/n thWS< c8
Ach th7c ln t vi V,ci-,t3, }V-~ ch2 En nhiu -t v c8 cPu t3*c +hc t6+F
ng i ca t12 $a-ina3ia g@- hai A 0n l7Jng t7ng .inh V h=nh v8i . chiE-
7u thE ca th b2 t< th gia2 t c8 . ti9u gi1- 3Pt -6nhF
.<><C<C<T` ]FG:
"hu t3=nh .Ong ca t12 lRc c8 c>c h=nh thcL
M^t A= 0n t7ng .inhL u> t3=nh gi1- +h/n K1S 3a .au Ahi h=nh thnh hH+ tF
M^t A= l7Jng t7ng .inhL u> t3=nh gi1- +h/n K1S 3a t37c Ahi h=nh thnh gia2 tF
Hai A= 0n l7Jng t7ng .inh K,n A thE h @ng h=nhL c/S gia2 t v c/S b2 t
giOng nhauF
Hai A= 0n l7Jng t7ng .inh K,n A thE h V h=nhL c/S gia2 t v c/S b2 t Ah>c
nhau v h=nh V6ng v Ach th7cF
- Chu trinh song cua Chlamvdomonas.
"hla-SV2-2na. l t12 0n b2 -u Kanh l> c/S 7Hc t=- thPS t32ng c>c -;i
t37ng .Ong n7c ng4t nh7 a2< h@F ">c tE b2 b0i bng c>ch . VRng -^t c|+ 32iF
T32ng iu Ain tCng t37Xng tOt< nhIng tE b2 nS +h/n chia v; tnh }nh +h/n
+h/n h6ch~F
uhi iu Ain bt Du KPu i }. AhXi Du ca -Wa ;ng< a2 nh Ah;< vv~F">c gia2
t c8 tnh c AEt hH+ vi c>c gia2 t -ang tnh c>i t62 thnh hH+ t l7Jng b^iF HH+ t
7Hc ba2 bXi l+ -ng VS v t31i ua giai 26n nghF 5au giai 26n ngh hH+ t +h/n
chia t62 thnh b tE b2 0n b^i c8 32iF
"hu t3=nh .Ong -^t A= 0n t7ng .inhF
"hu t3=nh .Ong ca %,V2g2niu-L
ng i ca %,V2g2niu- l -^t A 0n t7ng .inh
5inh .1n hIu tnh th,2 Aiu n2)n gia2F
5inh .1n v; tnh t ^ng b2 t n1S -D- thnh th gia2 t 0n b^iF
T8- tt chu t3=nh .Ong ca %,V2g2niu- }@ng t1n~ nh7 .auL
DHTP4TLT NHM 8
42
SINH HC I CNG GJHD. Ths NGUYN TRUNG HU
Th gia2 t n V6ng .Hi cha c1 t*i c v t*i c>iF T*i c ch2 3a tinh t3Wng nh c8
-^t vng 32i X Du< t*i c>i ch2 3a t3ng c8 Ach th7c lnF x7i t>c VRng ca h22c-2n,
V2 t3ng tiEt 3a . Ach thch tinh t3Wng En thR tinh v h=nh thnh hH+ t }gn~F HH+ t nS
gi1- +h/n ch2 3a b ^ng b2 t }n~ v ch*ng +h>t t3in thnh th gia2 tF
%cV2g2niu- c:ng c8 h=nh thc .inh .1n v; tnh L t39n th gia2 t< ch*ng ch2 3a
nhIng ^ng b2 t }n~< nhIng ^ng b2 t nS 30i 3a v nh c7 v2 gi> th bng 3Y gi1
v .au 8 ch*ng +h>t t3in thnh th gia2 t V6ng .HiF
"hu t3=nh .Ong ca "2Viu- -3agil,L
ng i ca "odium l -^t A l7Jng t7ng .inhF
5inh .1n hIu tnh th,2 Aiu V gia2L hai ^ng b2 t c8 Ach th7c ln< nh Ah>c
nhauF
- Chu trinh song Ulva lactuca.
"hu t3=nh .Ong hai A= 0n l7Jng t7ng .inh @ng h=nh V gia2F
"hu t3=nh .Ong ca Ulva lactuca ba2 g@- c>c th gia2 t 0n b^i v th gia2 t
l7Jng b^iF ">c th gia2 t c v th gia2 t c>i ua u> t3=nh +h/n chia nguS9n +h/n
ch2 3a c>c gia2 t c v gia2 t c>i c8 hai 32iF "h*ng AEt hH+ vi nhau t62 thnh hH+ t
l7Jng b^i< hH+ t l7Jng b^i +h>t t3in thnh th th b2 tF th b2 t t37Xng thnh tiEn
hnh +h/n chia gi1- nhiY- ch2 3a c>c b2 t c8 bOn 32iF M^t na .inh t37Xng thnh th
gia2 t c v -^t na thnh th gia2 t c>iF
.<><C<K<T` Hz:
- O loai Audouinella.
ng i ca n8 3Pt a V6ng c8 nhiu Aiu vng i t32ng u> t3=nh .Ong ca ch*ngF
T32ng 8 c8 t@n t6i vng i -^t A 0n t7ng .inhF
ng i 0n t7ng .inh ca {uV2uin,lla< hH+ t 7Hc t62 thnh Ah;ng +h>t t3in
thnh th u1 b2 t - +h/n chia h=nh thnh t*i t b2 t cha bOn b2 t 0n b^iF ">c
t b2 t 7Hc gi1i +h8ng n1S -D- h=nh thnh th gia2 tF Nh7 vt t32ng vng i -^t
A 0n t7ng .inh ca {uV2uin,lla ch c8 hH+ t l l7Jng b^i v ch c8 th gia2 t l
V6ng .Ong .inh V7Jng }.Ong t V2~F
- Jong doi cua Porphvra.
DHTP4TLT NHM 8
43
SINH HC I CNG GJHD. Ths NGUYN TRUNG HU
T32ng i .Ong ca Porphvra c8 hai V6ng t1n Ah>c nhau< V6ng t1n 0n b^i c/S
T23+hS3a }th gia2 t~ v t1n l7Jng b^i c2nch2c,li. }t b2 t~L
T1n ca th gia2 t c8 Ach th7c ln V6ng V1i haS V6ng l>< ch g@- -^t l+ tE b2F
ThiEn th7ng gP+ nE+ haS K -+F T1n b>- v2 gi> th bng c>c 3Y gi1 }3hi2iV~F ThDn
ln th gia2 t l l7Jng tnh tuS nhi9n c8 -^t vi t37ng hH+ c8 . +h/n tnhF
T1n ca th b2 t c8 V6ng .Hi .Ong t32ng v ca Oc< . hEn<
Nh7 vS< t32ng vng i ca Porphvra c8 . K,n A hai th9 h gia2 t th v b2 t
th< t32ng 8 th gia2 t chiE- 7u thEF ng i ca Porphvra l vng i hai A 0n
l7Jng t7ng .inh @ng h=nh Ah;ng bt bu^c< V2 th gia2 t v th b2 t c8 Ah1 nCng t>i
t62 l6i b1n th/n ch*ng bng h=nh thc .inh .1n v; tnhF
- Jong doi cua Polvsiphonia (tao do). "8 . K,n A ca ba thL th gia2 t< th u1
b2 t }gn~ v th t b2 t }gn~F
.<C< COC )S( TL 2NH H?NG ,EN V{NG I CXY T2U<
.<C<>< 2n# #$4n G~9 n#i\ Hx<
Nhit ^ l -^t tn hiu 3 3ng 1nh h7Xng En u> t3=nh .inh .1n ca 32ng bin< X
c>c nhit ^ Ah>c nhau c8 c>c Aiu .inh .1n Ah>c nhauF
5 chuSn t u> t3=nh .inh t37Xng .ang .inh .1n th7ng +hR thu^c v2 c>c SEu tO
-;i t37ng nh7 nhit ^ v >nh .>ng }$uning v t2- xi,cA< cysy? $uning< cyy~F
-^t vi l2i< c>c b7c Ah>c nhau t32ng u> t3=nh .inh .1n i hi c>c nhit ^ tOi
7u Ah>c nhauF
\iai 26n c2nch2c,li. ca Porphvra tenera }X Nht~< nhit ^ tOt nhPt h=nh thnh
b2 t 0n l cs

" gc

" }uu32gS v Hi3an2< cyqt? x3ing< cydb~F

M^t .O t12 nh7 Ectocarpus siliculosus, Sphacelaria fucigera t32ng nhIng iu Ain
nhit ^ Ah>c nhau th= c8 c>c h=nh thc .inh .1n Ah>c nhauF t12 Ectocarpus< th b2 t
t62 3a t*i b2 t nhiu ngCn t32ng iu Ain cy

" v t62 3a t*i b t -^t ngCn X iu Ain

c

"F
t12 Ectocarpus< th b2 t t62 3a t*i b2 t nhiu ngCn t32ng iu Ain cy

" v t62
3a t*i b t -^t ngCn X iu Ain c

"F
T32ng giai 26n c2nch2c,li. ca t12 Porphvra tenera Ahi 7Hc nghi9n cu X Nht
1n< nhit ^ cc thun ch2 ch*ng h=nh thnh c>c t*i 0n b2 t }-2n2.+23angiu-~ X
DHTP4TLT NHM 8
44
SINH HC I CNG GJHD. Ths NGUYN TRUNG HU
nhit ^ Ah21ng gc

" gd

"< t32ng Ahi c>c 0n b2 t 7Hc gi1i +h8ng X nhit ^

Ah21ng cs

" gc

"F
"h,n v c^ng . nC- cyd< Ahi nghi9n cu P. miniata X N2va 5c2tia thPS 3ng c>c
t*i b2 t ca c2nch2c,li. 7Hc h=nh thnh X nhit ^ ca

" cq

" nh7ng c>c b2 t

c2nch2c,li. l6i 7Hc gi1i +h8ng t32ng iu Ain nhit ^ thP+ a

" d

"F
Sphacelaria .inh .1n hIu tnh K1S 3a t6i nhit ^ ca2 }cg

" <gb

"< g

" Ahi nghi9n

cu t32ng +hng th nghi- vi iu Ain ngS Vi Ah21ng ct gi chiEu .>ng~F T32ng Ahi
8 c>c t*i t62 tE b2 .inh .1n -^t ngCn l6i 7Hc t62 3a t32ng iu Ain nhit ^ thP+ }b

"
cg

"~F
.<C<C< C#e\ ]$n !: G$}n Hx ln# aln<
">c th gia2 t ca t12 b[ c8 th .inh .1n Ahi c0 th ch c8 vi tE b2< v u> t3=nh
.inh t37Xng c:ng +hR thu^c v2 chPt l7Hng v c7ng ^ >nh .>ngF
* Cng ! "h#$% &ng:
T6i c7ng ^ chiEu .>ng thP+ nhPt< th gia2 t ca -^t .O t12 Ah;ng th +h>t t3in
7Hc< -|c VW vS< ch*ng c8 th +h>t t3in t3X l6i Ahi c7ng ^ chiEu .>ng tCngF
$uning v N,u.hul }cyds~< ch2 3ngL c>c th gia2 t V6ng t1n< .inh t37Xng -6nh
nhPt X c7ng ^ chiEu .>ngL b-
g
F "Dn g a lDn c7ng ^ chiEu .>ng t39n th gia2
t c8 th t62 3a gia2 tF
* Ch't ()ng nh &ng:
#nh .>ng KanhL
"Dn ch2 . +h>t .inh gia2 t ca t12 b[F
'nh h7Xng ca >nh .>ng Kanh X t12 n/u V2 . hP+ thR ca .c tO c3S+t2ch32-,F
#nh .>ng Kanh g/S 3a . gi1i +h8ng nhanh ch8ng t3ng t t*i t3ng }x3ing< cysb~F
#nh .>ng 1nh h7Xng En 32ng bin V2 . hP+ thR ca +hSt2c32-,F T12 hP+
thR >nh .>ng bXi +hSc2bili.2-, c8 cPu t3*c t70ng t nh7 +hSt2c32-,F
Nhit ^ v >nh .>ng Ah;ng t>c ^ng 3i9ng 3 - cWng t>c ^ng l9n .inh .1n ca
32ng binF $2i Sphacelaria rigidula }thu^c l+ t12 n/u~ Ahi g|+ iu Ain nhit ^ ca2L
cg

" g

" v t32ng iu Ain ngS ViL cth chiEu .>ng . h=nh thnh nh>nh .inh .1n
cn g4i l cDu hnhF
DHTP4TLT NHM 8
45
SINH HC I CNG GJHD. Ths NGUYN TRUNG HU
Tuv nhin, anh sang va nhit do khong phai tac dong mot cach ring re ma cung Tuv nhin, anh sang va nhit do khong phai tac dong mot cach ring re ma cung
nhau tham gia diu khin s sinh san o tao bin. nhau tham gia diu khin s sinh san o tao bin.
.<C<K< 789n G#8 k<
Nhit ^ v >nh .>ng l c>c SEu tO Ah;ng n nh v biEn i th,2 chu A -WaF M^t
SEu tO Ah>c 1nh h7Xng -6nh En .inh .1n ca 32ng bin l uang chu AF Quang chu A
l thi gian chiEu .>ng t32ng ngS< iu Ahin .inh .1n ca thc vtF
Th,2 thOng A9 ca x3ing nC- cyss X qq l2i 32ng bin u thPS c8 +h1n ng vi
uang chu AF
bin M,Vit,33an,an< "23t,l 3,,-an v t,n H22+,n< cyds ch nhn thPS c/S
gia2 t ca l2i Acrosvmphvton purpuriferum v2 -Wa Ku/n v h]< cn c/S t b2 t ch
thPS X iu Ain ngS ngn< nEu +h> vJ 9- Vi bng >nh .>ng t3ng< Kanh v th=
Ah;ng c chE . t62 thnh t b2 tF
t12 n/u< t1n -i 7Hc h=nh thnh X iu Ain ngS ngn v nhit ^ thP+L c<q

"
cq

"F T32ng iu Ain ngS ngn< tc 9- Vi< nEu +h> vJ 9- Vi bng giai 26n
chiEu .>ng ngn Ah21ng ch th= t1n . Ah;ng h=nh thnhF
5 h=nh thnh t*i t b2 t X Rodochorton purpureum K1S 3a t32ng iu Ain ngS
ngn< b c chE bXi chiEu >nh .>ng v >nh .>ng Kanh v2 ban 9- nh7ng nEu chiEu
>nh .>ng Ka th= Ah;ng g/S c chE }x3ing v ,.t< cysa~F
'nh h7Xng ca uang chu A Oi vi vng i ca 32ng bin c:ng t70ng t nh7
thc vt bc ca2< thi gian 1nh h7Xng l9n 32ng bin l thi gian tOi ch Ah;ng +h1i thi
gian .>ngF
GOi vi t12< . +h1n ng vi uang chu A Ah;ng 7Hc 3 3ng nh7 X thc vt c8
h2aF
nhiu t12 c8 . K,n A thE h V h=nh< ch*ng th7ng +h1n ng vi c>c tn hiu ca
-;i t37ng chuSn .ang -^t giai 26n .Ong Ah>c c8 . thaS i v -|t h=nh th>iF i
|c i- nS gi*+ ch2 ch*ng thch nghi tOt h0n vi iu Ain ca -Wa tiE+ th,2F x2 th
.inh V7Jng -i 7Hc t62 3a c8 Ah1 nCng thch nghi tOt h0n vi iu Ain -;i t37ng -i
}-Wa -i~F ">c t12 c8 . K,n A h=nh th>i @ng h=nh< c8 . >+ ng v -|t .inh .1nF GEn
naS ng7i ta cn thPS 3ng X c>c t12 0n b^i c:ng c8 . >+ ng vi uang chu AF
DHTP4TLT NHM 8
46
SINH HC I CNG GJHD. Ths NGUYN TRUNG HU
5 t>c ^ng ca uang chu A Ah>c vi . t>c ^ng tng c^ng c7ng ^ >nh .>ng
nhn 7HcF Quang chu A c8 . thaS i th,2 -Wa< ch*ng c8 nhIng t>c ^ng -6nh l9n .
.inh t37Xng v +h>t t3in ca t12F
":ng nh7 thc vt c8 h2a< X t12 Ahi +h1n ng vi uang chu A ch*ng Ah;ng 2
thi gian chiEu .>ng - ng7Hc l6i ch*ng 2 thi gian tOi }t3 -^t .O t37ng hH+ |c bit
nh7 Acrosvmphvton pupuripherum< th t b2 t l c/S ngS Vi ch*ng 2 thi gian chiEu
.>ng ch Ah;ng 2 thi gian tOi~F
* M!t &* t+, ph+n -ng ./# "" t0n h#1% ng23 ng4n "56 7%6ng "h% 89 nh:
Porphvra tenera }t12 ~L th b2 t }c2nch2c,li.~ 7Hc h=nh thnh v .Ong t32ng
.uOt -Wa Ku/n v -Wa h]< .ang -Wa thu V7i t>c ^ng ca c>c tn hiu ngS ngn th b2
t h=nh thnh v gi1i +h8ng b2 t c2nch2c,li.F 2 t +h>t t3in thnh t1n +23+hS3a }th
gia2 t~ v .Ong ua -Wa thu v -Wa ;ng< t32ng -Wa ;ng K1S 3a u> t3=nh .inh .1n hIu
tnh h=nh thnh n9n b2 t u1F 2 t u1 .ang -Wa Ku/n tiE+ tRc +h>t t3in thnh th
b2 tF Qua 8 ch2 thPS< th c2nch2c,li. >+ ng vi iu Ain ngS ngn v cPu t3*c
7Hc t62 3a t32ng iu Ain ngS ngn l t*i b2 t c2nch2c,li. }c2nch2.+23angia~F
Bonnemaisonia hamifera }t12 ~L th t b2 t 7Hc h=nh thnh X -Wa h] bng .inh
.1n hIu tnhF 5ang -Wa thu< V7i t>c ^ng ca tn hiu ngS ngn< ch*ng h=nh thnh t*i
t b2 t v gi1i +h8ng t b2 tF
Nh7 vS< th t b2 t l thc vt ngS ngn< ch*ng +h1n ng vi iu Ain ngS
ngn v cPu t3*c 7Hc t62 3a t32ng iu Ain ngS ngn l t*i t b2 t }t,t3a.+23angia~F
G iu Ahin thi gian .inh .1n -^t c>ch chnh K>c th= cDn c8 nhiu tn hiu ca
-;i t37ng cWng t>c ^ngF Nh7 vng i ca Porphvra nereocvstis v t12 b[ Nereocvstis
luetkeana< th gia2 t ca Porphvra .Ong b>- t39n cuOng ca th b2 t ca NereocvstisF
TuS nhi9n< t32ng -Wa thu v -Wa ;ng< th gia2 t ca t12 b[ v c2nch2c,li. ca
Porphvra .Ong 3i9ng bitF Nereocvstis .inh t37Xng nhanh v2 Du -Wa Ku/n< V2 8
Porphvra }c2nch2c,li.~ cDn gi1i +h8ng b2 t ch*ng gn l9n cuOng ca t12 b[ t37c
Ahi t12 b[ v70n ca2 l9nF G K>c nh thi gian chnh K>c gi1i +h8ng b2 t t32ng -Wa
Ku/n Porphvra nereocvstis vWa +h1n ng vi iu Ain ngS ngn nOi tiE+ vi iu Ain
ngS ViF
DHTP4TLT NHM 8
47
SINH HC I CNG GJHD. Ths NGUYN TRUNG HU
5 t>c ^ng ca c>c nh/n tO .inh th>i l9n vng i ca t12 bin Ah;ng +h1i l . t>c
^ng 3i9ng l ca tng nh/n tO .inh th>i< - l . t>c ^ng tng hH+ ca tPt c1 c>c nh/n
tO .inh th>iF #nh .>ng v nhit ^ c:ng Ah;ng t>c ^ng 3i9ng l - ch*ng cWng t>c ^ng
l9n vng i ca t12 binF
DHTP4TLT NHM 8
48
SINH HC I CNG GJHD. Ths NGUYN TRUNG HU
PH=N K< RST ,(+N
T12 +h/n bO 3Pt 3^ng 3)i t32ng t nhi9n< ch*ng ch SEu .Ong t32ng n7c ng4t< n7c
lH h2|c n7c -|n< h=nh thc Vinh V7Jng ca ch*ng c:ng 3Pt a V6ngF T12 l nhIng .inh
vt c8 nh/n chuUn< t32ng tE b2 lu;n c8 chPt Vi+ lRc< n9n ch*ng ch SEu .Ong t V7JngF
T12 l ngnh thc vt Ah> +h2ng +h* v a V6ng chiE- +hDn ln Vin tch 6i
V70ngF i nhiu ngnh t12 v nhiu l2i Ah>c nhauF T32ng c>c thS vc n7c ng4t t12
cung cP+ 2KS v hDu hEt thc Cn .0 cP+ ch2 c> v c>c ^ng vt thS .inh Ah>cF T12 g8+
+hDn b12 v -;i t37ng nu;i thS .1n bng c>ch ti9u thR bt l7Hng -uOi Ah2>ng V7 thaF
T12 c8 Ah1 nCng @ng h2> "%
g
l- gi1- hiu ng nh Anh< tha- gia v2 chu t3=nh tuDn
h2n vt chPtF
">c SEu tO t62 n9n t12 g@- dq l chPt hIu c0 }li+iV< +32tiV< gluciV< vita-in~ v
gq l Ah2>ng chPt< c>c nguS9n tO vi l7Hng nh7 iOt< -agi9< -2liV,n< -lu2< AaliFFF v nhiu
.1n +hU- uang hH+ ca t12 c8 gi> t3 n9n 7Hc ng VRng nhiu t32ng c>c lnh vc i
.OngF
5inh .>n ca t12 3Pt +hc t6+< ba2 g@- nhiu h=nh thc .inh .1n Ah>c nhauL 5inh .1n
.inh V7Jng< .inh .1n v; tnh v .inh .1n hIu tnhF T32ng c>c h=nh thc .inh .1n ta thPS
3ng .inh .1n .inh V7Jng< .inh .1n v; tnh haS t3inh .1n c8 th gi*+ ch2 c>c l2i t12 .inh
3a -^t .O l7Hng ln c> th c2n nh- tCng nhanh .O l7Hng c> th ca c>c uDn th Ahi g|+
c>c iu Ain thun lHi nh 8 c8 th tiEt Ai- 7Hc ngu@n nCng l7Hng v ngu@n vt chPt
t32ng u> t3=nh .inh .1nF TuS nhi9n t32ng c>c h=nh thc .inh .1n 8 vt chPt Vi t3uSn ca
ch*ng Ah;ng c8 . thaS i Ah>c vi h=nh thc .inh .1n hIu tnhF
.inh .1n hIu tnh V2 c8 . AEt hH+ giIa hai ngu@n vt chPt Vi t3uSn Ah>c nhau
}th;ng ua u> t3=nh thR tnh haS tiE+ hH+~ v . +h/n lS vt chPt Vi t3uSn t32ng u>
t3=nh gi1- +h/n t62 gia2 t haS b2 t gi1- nhiY- ) .+ KE+ l6i ngu@n vt chPt Vi t3uSn
ca c0 th bO -[ ch2 c>c th h c2nF
Nh 8 t62 7Hc . a V6ng v -|t vt chPt Vi t3uSn t32ng c>c thE h c2n haS thE
h c2n c8 nhiu biEn V v -|t Vi t3uSnF Nh 8 gi*+ ch2 thE h c2n c8 th thch nghi tOt
h0n vi nhIng iu Ain biEn i t32ng -;i t37ngF
DHTP4TLT NHM 8
49
SINH HC I CNG GJHD. Ths NGUYN TRUNG HU
T12 bin +h1n ng vi . t>c ^ng ca c>c nh/n tO -;i t37ng t32ng .inh .1n bng
c>c h=nh thc .inh .1n hH+ l nh7 .inh .1n v; tnh haS .inh .1n .inh V7Jng<
#nh .>ng v nhit ^ l nhIng nh/n tO gi*+ ch2 t12 bin K>c nh 7Hc thi gian
.inh .1n hH+ lF Nh 8 gi*+ c>c giai 26n ca t12 bin }gia2 t th v b2 t th~ 7Hc
.inh 3a t32ng -;i t37ng thch hH+ ch2 ch*ng nh 8 VuS t3= . t@n t6i ca l2iF
5 .inh .1n ca t12 bin +hR thu^c v2 SEu tO -;i t37ng< |c bit >nh .>ng 8ng
vai t3 uan t34ngF
DHTP4TLT NHM 8
50
SINH HC I CNG GJHD. Ths NGUYN TRUNG HU
PH=N .< T/I ,I( THYM RH2U
cF \i>2 t3=nhL Sinh hoc dai cuongthDS NguSYn T3ung HuF
gF htt+Lvi,t.ci,nc,.F-3,,F-3Aha2cuunguS,nlanVungvita2cFht-
3. http://www.uni-koeln.de/~aeb25/c!ptoph!ceae.ht"l
bF htt+Lvi,t.ci,nc,.F-3,,F-3Aha2cuunguS,nlanVungvita2cFht-
qF htt+Ltaili,uFvnK,-taili,unganhta2lucchl232+hStaFssbgbbFht-l
tF htt+Ltaili,uFvnK,-taili,uta2V2nba2thu2cta2lucchl232+hStaFtagdytFht-l
dF htt+Ltaili,uFvnK,-taili,unganhta2gia+Vin2+hStaFssbgbtFht-l
8. http://www.#inhhoc$ietna".co"/$n
yF htt+Lthuvi,n.inhh2cFc2-,b22A.inhh2c
cF htt+LF,b22AF,VuFvn
ccF htt+Lvi2l,tFvn-ain
DHTP4TLT NHM 8
51