TRNG H CNG NGHIP TP H CH MINH

VIN CNG SINH HC V NGH THC PHM

B MN:
V SINH AN TON THC PHM

TIU LUN

Ging vin hng dn:

PHM HNG HIU
Lp:
DHTP 4 LT
Nhm:
10

Tp. HCM, thng 01 nm 2012

TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP TP HCM

CNG NGH SINH HC V THC PHM
B MN: V SINH AN TON THC PHM

TIU LUN:

GVHD: PHM HNG HIU

TI 10: M BO V SINH TRONG CH BIN THY HI SN
Danh sch nhm
STT

H v tn

MSSV

Nhim v

Phm Th Dung

10311801

Tm kim ni dung

inh Quang Thnh

10347681

Tm kim ni dung, thng k, chnh sa

L Vn Thnh

10335601

Tm kim ni dung

Nguyn Th Bch Thoa

10371041

Tm kim ni dung

LI CM N

Qua thi gian thc hin bi tiu lun vi ch An ton v sinh thc phm trong
ch bin thy hi sn gip em hiu su hn v An ton v sinh thc phm trong ch
bin thy hi sn, v thc trng hin ti ca ch bin v sn sut cc sn phm thy hi
sn trong cc nh my ch bin thy hi sn Vit Nam; ng thi gip nng cao cc k
nng cn thit khi lm bi tiu lun v thuyt trnh. c c nhng iu l nh s
gip ca mi ngi.
Chng em xin chn thnh cm n:
Trng H Cng Nghip HCM to iu kin cho khi Trung cp tt nghip
c tip tc hc lin thng ln i hc ti y
Vin Cng ngh sinh hc v thc phm cung cp ti liu hc tp mn An ton
v sinh thc phm n chng em dng lm c s thc hin bi tiu lun ny
Thy: Phm Hng Hiu tn tnh hng dn cho c lp ni chung v nhm 10
ni ring c th hon thnh trn vn bi tiu lun ny
Gia nh, bn b ng vin v gip .

Tp. HCM,thng 01 nm 2012

Nhm: 10

MC LC
LI CM N...................................................................................................3
MC LC........................................................................................................4
PHN A. M U...........................................................................................6
1. t vn :....................................................................................................6
2. Mc ch, yu cu.........................................................................................6
3. i tng nghin cu....................................................................................6
4. i tng nghin cu....................................................................................6
5. Phm vi nghin cu.......................................................................................7
6. Kt qu nghin cu.......................................................................................7
PHN B. NI DUNG.......................................................................................8
Chng 1. KHI QUT CHUNG V TNH HNH V SINH AN TON THC
PHM HIN NAY...................................................................................................8
1.1. NHNG KH KHN V THCH THC..............................................8
1.2. TNH HNH V SINH AN TON THC PHM HIN NAY................8
1.3. TM QUAN TRNG CA V SINH AN TON THC PHM TRONG
CH BIN THY HI SN....................................................................................9
1.4. NHNG NGUYN NHN GY NHIM SN PHM THY HI SN
.................................................................................................................................. 10
Chng 2. M BO V SINH NH XNG, MY MC THIT B......12
2.1. XY DNG NH XNG THEO HACCP/ISO 22000.........................12
2.2. M BO V SINH MY MC THIT B...........................................19
Chng 3. THC HIN QUI NH V V SINH CNG NHN:................22
3.1. TRC KHI VO PHNG SN XUT:................................................22
3.2. QUY NH V SINH CNG NHN TRONG PHN XNG SN XUT
.................................................................................................................................. 22
3.3. QUY NH V V SINH DNG C......................................................22
3.4. QUY NH V V SINH TRONG GI SN XUT..............................23
3.5. QUY NH V V SINH BN NGOI PHN XNG........................23
3.6. QUY NH THAY BO H LAO NG...............................................23
3.7. QUY NH KHC....................................................................................24
4

Chng 4. M BO AN TON V SINH TRONG CH BIN THY HI SN

.................................................................................................................................. 25
4.1. AN TON NGUN NC S DNG TRONG SN XUT................25
4.2. V SINH CC B MT TIP XC VI SN PHM...........................27
4.3. NGN NGA S NHIM CHO............................................................31
4.4. BO V SN PHM TRNH CC TC NHN GY NHIM...........34
4.5. BO QUN V S DNG CC HA CHT HP L........................36
4.6. KIM SOT NG VT GY HI.......................................................38
4.7. KIM SOT CHT THI........................................................................39
PHN C. TNG KT......................................................................................41
1. THC TRNG NG LO NGI V V SINH AN TON TRONG CH
BIN THY HI SN............................................................................................41
2. XUT NHNG GII PHP Y MNH CNG TC QUN L CHT
LNG VSATTP.....................................................................................................43
PHN D. TI LIU THAM KHO................................................................46

PHN A.

M U

1. t vn :
Thc phm c ngun gc thy hi sn cng l ngun cung cp nng lng, cc cht
dinh dng cn thit con ngi sng v pht trin. Th nhng thc phm c ch
bin t thy hi sn cng l ngun truyn bnh nguy him, nu nh khng bo m c
v sinh v an ton trong ch bin v sn xut. V sinh an ton thc phm (VSATTP)
trong ch bin thy hi sn ang l vn bc xc ca mi ngi, bi l VSATTP trong
ch bin tc ng trc tip n cht lng sn phm, n uy tn v s pht trin ca c
doanh nghip, n sc khe cng nh cht lng cuc sng con ngi v do nh
hng n cht lng pht trin ca x hi. Cng tc qun l cht lng VSATTP trong
ch bin thy hi sn va l yu cu cp bch, va c tnh chin lc lu di, ng thi
y cng l mng cng tc rt rng ln v phc tp, an xen vi nhau bi rt nhiu hot
ng.
2. Mc ch, yu cu:
Mc ch:
- tm hiu v vic p dng an ton v sinh thc phm trong ch bin thy hi sn
- tm hiu v nhng quy nh m bo an ton v sinh trong ch bin thy hi
sn
Yu cu:
- Tm hiu v vn dng cc quy nh m bo an ton v sinh trong ch bin thy
hi sn
3. i tng nghin cu:
- Cc iu lut v quy nh trong vic m bo cht lng an ton v sinh thc
phm
- Thc trng v an ton v sinh thc phm trong cc nh my ch bin thy hi sn
Vit Nam hin nay
- Cc c quan kim tra cht lng v an ton v sinh thc phm
-
4. Phng php nghin cu:
- Phng php tm kim ti liu
6

- Phng php thng k

-
5. Phm vi nghin cu:
- Bi tiu lun c nghin cu v thc hin trong khong 4 tun, c thc hin ti
trng H Cng Nghip HCM
- Thng tin trong bi tiu lun c su tm t nhiu ngun.
6. Kt qu nghin cu:
- Lm sng t c ni dung m bo an ton v sinh trong ch bin thy hi sn
- Tm hiu su hn v thc trng an ton v sinh trong sn xut v ch bin cc
nh my
- nh gi c nhng u v khuyt im ca vic dm bo v sinh an ton thc
phm trong ch bin thy hi sn
- ra c nhng gii php trong vic m bo an ton v sinh trong ch bin
thy hi sn.

PHN B

NI DUNG

Chng 1. KHI QUT CHUNG V TNH HNH V SINH AN TON

THC PHM HIN NAY
1.1. NHNG KH KHN V THCH THC.
S bng n dn s: cng vi th ha nhanh dn n thay i thi quen n ung
ca nhn dn, thc y pht trin dch v n ung trn h ph trn lan, kh c th m
bo v sinh an ton thc phm. Thc phm ch bin ngy cng nhiu, cc bp n tp th
gia tng l nguy c dn n hng lot v ng c.
Bn cnh , s gia tng nhanh dn s cn lm khan him ti nguyn thin nhin,
trong ngun nc sch s dng cho sinh hot v n ung thiu cng nh hng khng
nh n vic bo m v sinh an ton thc phm.
nhim mi trng: s pht trin ca cc ngnh cng nghip dn n mi trng
ngy cng b nhim, nh hng n vt nui v cy trng. Mc thc phm b nhim
bn tng ln, c bit l cc vt nui trong ao h c cha nc thi cng nghip, lng
tn d mt s kim loi nng cc vt nui cao.
S pht trin ca khoa hc cng ngh: vic ng dng cc thnh tu khoa hc k
thut mi trong chn nui, trng trt, sn xut, ch bin thc phm lm cho nguy c thc
phm b nhim bn ngy cng tng do lng tn d thuc bo v thc vt, ha cht bo
qun trong rau, qu; tn d thuc th y trong tht, thc phm s dng cng ngh gen, s
dng nhiu ha cht c hi, ph gia khng cho php, cng nh nhiu quy trnh khng
m bo v sinh gy kh khn cho cng tc qun l, kim sot.
S thiu thc ca doanh nghip sn xut khng ch trong n v sinh an ton thc
phm m ch chy ua theo li nhun. trnh cng nhn, nhn vin, trc tip sn xut
v vn hnh sn xut ang cn thp kp khng m bo c cng tc v sinh an ton
thc phm trong ch bin

(1)

1.2. TNH HNH V SINH AN TON THC PHM HIN NAY.

Trong nhng nm gn y, nn kinh t ca nc ta chuyn sang c ch th trng.
Cc loi thc phm sn xut, ch bin trong nc v nc ngoi nhp vo Vit Nam ngy
cng nhiu chng loi. Vic s dng cc cht ph gia trong sn xut tr nn ph bin.
Cc loi phm mu, ng ha hc ang b lm dng trong pha ch nc mm, nc
8

tng, sn xut tr c, ch bin thc n sn nh c chin, mc tm gia v, Nhiu loi

sn phm thy hi sn bn trn th trng khng qua kim duyt ca b y t, hay cc
qun l cht lng. Tnh hnh sn xut thc n, cc sn phm thy hi sn gi, khng
m bo cht lng v khng theo ng thnh phn nguyn liu cng nh quy trnh cng
ngh ng k vi c quan qun l. Nhn hng v qung co khng ng s tht vn
xy ra.
Ngoi ra, vic s dng ha cht bo v sn phm ph gia thc phm khng theo
ng quy nh gy nhim sn phm cng nh tn d cc ha cht ny trong thc phm.
Vic bo qun lng thc thc phm khng ng quy cch to iu kin cho vi
khun v nm mc pht trin dn n cc v ng c thc phm.
Cc bnh do thc phm gy nn khng ch l cc bnh cp tnh do ng c thc n
m cn l cc bnh mn tnh do nhim v tch ly cc cht c hi t mi trng bn
ngoi vo thc phm, gy ri lon chuyn ha cc cht trong c th, trong c bnh tim
mch v ung th.

(2)

1.3. TM QUAN TRNG CA V SINH AN TON THC PHM TRONG

CH BIN THY HI SN
1.3.1. Tm quan trng ca v sinh an ton trong ch bin thy hi sn i vi
sc khe, bnh tt
Trc mt, cc sn phm thy hi sn l ngun cung cp cht dinh dng cho s
pht trin ca c th, m bo sc khe con ngi nhng ng thi cng l ngun c th
gy bnh nu khng m bo v sinh. Khng c thc phm no c coi l c gi tr dinh
dng nu n khng m bo v sinh.
V lu di thc phm khng nhng c tc ng thng xuyn i vi sc khe mi
con ngi m cn nh hng lu di n ni ging ca dn tc. S dng cc thc phm
khng m bo v sinh trc mt c th b ng c cp tnh vi cc triu chng t, d
nhn thy, nhng vn nguy him hn na l s tch ly dn cc cht c hi mt s
c quan trong c th sau mt thi gian mi pht bnh hoc c th gy cc d tt, d dng
cho th h mai sau. Nhng nh hng ti sc khe ph thuc vo cc tc nhn gy
bnh. Nhng tr suy dinh dng, ngi gi, ngi m cng nhy cm vi cc bnh do
thc phm khng an ton nn cng c nguy c suy dinh dng v bnh tt nhiu hn. (3)
9

1.3.2. V sinh an ton trong ch bin thy hi sn tc ng n kinh t v x

hi
i vi nc ta cng nh nhiu nc ang pht trin, thy hi sn l mt loi sn
phm chin lc, ngoi ngha kinh t cn c ngha chnh tr, x hi rt quan trng.
V sinh an ton trong ch bin thy hi sn nhm tng li th cnh tranh trn th
trng quc t. cnh tranh trn th trng quc t, cc sn phm thy hi sn khng
nhng cn c sn xut, ch bin, bo qun phng trnh nhim cc loi vi sinh vt m
cn khng c cha cc cht ha hc tng hp hay t nhin vt qu mc quy nh cho
php ca tiu chun quc t hoc quc gia, gy nh hng n sc khe ngi tiu dng.
Nhng thit hi khi khng m bo v sinh an ton trong ch bin thy hi sn gy
nn nhiu hu qu khc nhau, t bnh cp tnh, mn tnh n t vong. Thit hi chnh do
cc bnh gy ra t thc phm i vi c nhn l chi ph khm bnh, phc hi sc khe,
chi ph do phi chm sc ngi bnh, s mt thu nhp do phi ngh lm i vi nh
sn xut, l nhng chi ph do phi thu hi, lu gi sn phm, hy hoc loi b sn
phm, nhng thit hi do mt li nhun do thng tin qung co v thit hi ln nht l
mt lng tin ca ngi tiu dng. Ngoi ra cn c cc thit hi khc nh phi iu tra,
kho st, phn tch, kim tra c hi, gii quyt hu qu
Do vy, vn m bo v sinh an ton trong ch bin thy hi sn phng cc
bnh gy ra t thc phm c ngha thc t rt quan trng trong s pht trin kinh t v
x hi, bo v mi trng sng ca cc nc v ang pht trin, cng nh nc ta.
Mc tiu u tin ca v sinh an ton trong ch bin thy hi sn l m bo cho ngi
n trnh b ng c do n phi sn phm thy hi sn b nhim hoc c cht c; sn
phm thy hi sn phi m bo lnh v sch.

(4)

1.4. NHNG NGUYN NHN GY NHIM SN PHM THY HI SN

1.4.1. Do qu trnh nui trng, sn xut thc phm thy hi sn
Thc phm c ngun gc t gia sc, gia cm b bnh hoc thy sn sng ngun
nc b nhim bn.
Cc loi rau, qu c bn qu nhiu phn ha hc, s dng thuc tr su khng
cho php hoc cho php nhng khng ng v liu lng hay thi gian cch ly. Cy
trng vng t b nhim hoc ti phn ti hay nc thi bn. S dng cc cht kch
thch tng trng, thuc khng sinh.

(5)
10

1.4.2. Do qu trnh ch bin thy hi sn khng ng

Qu trnh git m, ch bin thy sn, hi sn, qu trnh tip nhn nguyn liu khng
theo ng quy nh.
Dng cht ph gia khng ng quy nh ca B Y t ch bin thy hi sn.
Dng chung dao tht hoc thy hi sn sng vi thy hi sn chn.
Dng khn bn lau dng c, my mc thit b dng trong sn xut.
Bn ch bin thy hi sn, hoc dng c ch bin b nhim bn. Khng ra tay trc
khi ch bin thy hi sn.
Ngi ch bin thy hi sn ang b bnh truyn nhim, tiu chy, au bng, nn,
st, ho hoc nhim trng ngoi da.
Ra thy hi sn, dng c sn xut bng nc nhim bn.
Do qu trnh s dng v bo qun khng ng
Dng dng c snh s, st trng men, nha ti sinh b nhim cht ch cha
ng thy hi sn.
Do thy hi sn bo qun khng lnh hoc khng nng lm cho vi
khun vn pht trin.

(6)

{(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)}: http://tusach.thuvienkhoahoc.com/wiki/

11

Chng 2. M BO V SINH NH XNG, MY MC THIT B

2.1. XY DNG NH XNG THEO HACCP/ISO 22000
Khi xy dng mt nh xng mi sn xut, ch bin thc phm, ung, hay
thu sn... t tiu chun an ton v sinh thc phm cn p ng cc yu cu sau (tham
kho TCVN 5603:1998)

(7)

Tu theo bn cht cng ngh sn xut, v cc mi nguy km theo, nh xng, thit

b v cc phng tin phi c lp t, thit k v xy dng m bo :
- S nhim bn c gim n mc ti thiu.
- S thit k v b tr mt bng cho php d dng duy tu bo dng, lm sch v ty
trng, v hn ch mc ti thiu nhim do khng kh.
- Cc b mt v vt liu, c bit nhng g tip xc vi thc phm, phi khng c
i vi mc ch s dng, v ni cn phi c bn ph hp, d duy tu bo dng v
lm sch.
- ni thch hp, phi c sn cc phng tin cn thit kim sot nhit ,
m khng kh, v cc kim sot khc. C bin php bo v c hiu qu chng dch hi
xm phm v khu tr.
2.1.1. V tr c s phi xa
12

- Khu vc c mi trng nhim v cc hot ng cng nghip khc c nhiu kh

nng gy nhim thc phm
- Khu vc d b ngp lt tr phi c bin php bo v c s khi ngp lt mt cch
hu hiu
- Khu vc d b sinh vt gy hi ph hoi
- Khu vc c cc cht thi rn hay lng, m khng th loi b chng mt cch c
hiu qu
2.1.2. Thit b phi c b tr c th
- Cho php duy tu bo dng v lm sch d dng
- Vn hnh ng vi mc ch s dng
- Thun li cho vic thc hnh v sinh tt, k c gim st.
2.1.3. Nh xng v cc phng
Mt bng cng ngh cho mt c s sn xut ch bin thc phm phi to iu kin
cho v sinh thc phm c tt, c th bo v chng nhim cho do thc phm gy ra
gia cng on ny vi cng on khc cng nh thao tc ch bin v x l thc phm.
Cu trc bn trong c s thc phm phi c xy dng cn thn bng vt liu bn
chc, thng xuyn c duy tu bo dng, lm sch d dng khi cn thit, c th ty
trng c. c bit, cc iu kin ring sau y phi tha mn, bo v s an ton v
ph hp ca thc phm:
- B mt tng, vch ngn v sn nh phi c xy dng cn thn bng vt liu
khng thm, khng c hi nh thit k.
- Tng v vch ngn phi c b mt nhn, thch hp cho thao tc.
- Sn nh phi c xy dng sao cho d thot nc v d lm v sinh.
- Trn v cc vt c nh pha trn trn phi c thit k, xy dng lm sao c
th gim ti a s bm bi v nc ngng, cng nh kh nng ri bm ca chng.
- Ca s phi d lau chi, c thit k sao cho hn ch bm bi ti mc thp nht,
nhng ni cn thit, phi lp cc h thng chng cn trng m c kh nng tho lp
lm sch c, ni cn thit phi c nh cc ca s.
- Ca ra vo phi c b mt nhn, khng thm nc, d lau chi v khi cn phi d
ty ra.
13

- Cc b mt tip xc trc tip vi thc phm phi tt, bn vng, d lau chi, d duy
tu bo dng v ty trng. Chng phi c lm bng cc vt liu nhn, khng thm
nc, tr i vi thc phm, tr i vi cc cht ty ra, ty trng trong nhng iu kin
bnh thng.
Thit b v dng tip xc vi thc phm, phi c thit k v ch to m
bo, khi cn, chng c lm sch, ty trng, duy tu bo dng d dng trnh gy
nhim bn thc phm.
Thit b v ng phi c lm bng vt liu khng gy c hi cho vic s dng
nh ni cn thit, thit b phi bn, di chuyn, tho lp duy tu bo dng, lm
sch, ty trng, gim st thch hp, v d nh d kim tra sinh vt gy hi chng hn
Thit b dng un, x l nhit, lm ngui, lu gi hay lm ng lnh thc phm
phi c thit lm sao nhanh chng t c nhit theo yu cu ca thc
phm, nhm bo m tnh an ton v ph hp ca thc phm, v duy tr nhit
mt cch hu hiu.
Thit b phi c thit k c th gim st kim sot c nhit , nhng ni
cn thit, cc thit b phi c phng tin hu hiu kim sot v gim st m
khng kh, dng kh, v cc thng s bt k no khc c tc dng bt li ti tnh an ton
v ph hp ca thc phm. Nhng yu cu ny nhm m bo:
- Cc vi sinh vt c hi hay cc vi sinh vt khng mong mun hoc cc c t ca
chng, c loi tr hay lm gim ti mc an ton, hoc s tn ti v tng trng ca
chng c kim sot mt cch hu hiu.
- ni thch hp, c th gim st cc gii hn ti hn theo phng php HACCP
- Vi nhit v vi iu kin khc cn thit cho s an ton, v ph hp ca thc
phm c th nhanh chng t c v duy tr chng.
2.1.4. ng cht ph thi v cc th khng n c
ng ph thi, sn phm ph v cc cht khng n c hoc cht nguy him
phi c thit k c bit d nhn bit, c cu trc ph hp, ni cn thit phi c lm
bng vt liu t h hng.
cha cc cht nguy him phi c phn bit r v khi cn, c th kho c
trnh s nhim bn thc phm do c hay tnh c.
2.1.5. Cung cp nc
14

(8)

Cn c h thng cung cp nc ung sao cho lun lun c y , v c cc

phng tin thch hp lu tr, phn phi nc v kim sot nhit , m bo tnh
an ton v ph hp ca thc phm.
Nc ung c l nc quy nh trong ln xut bn cui ca: "Cc hng dn
v cht lng nc ung" ca T chc Y t th gii, hoc l nc ung c tiu chun cao
hn. Nc khng ung c (v d nh nc dng dp chy, sn xut hi nc, lm
lnh v cc mc ch khc m khng lm nhim thc phm), th nc ny c cp
theo h thng ring. Cc h thng nc khng ung c phi c tch ring bit,
khng c ni hoc khng cho php hi lu vo h thng nc sch ung c. (9)
2.1.6. Thot nc v cht thi
C thit k b tr h thng thot nc v phng tin cht thi hp l. Chng
phi c thit k v xy dng sao cho trnh c mi nguy nhim bn cho thc phm
hay gy nhim ngun cung cp nc sch ung c.

(10)

2.1.7. Lm sch
Cn b tr cc phng tin phc v v sinh, c thit k thch hp lm sch
thc phm, dng v thit b. Nhng phng tin nh vy, u thch hp, phi c
cung cp nc ung c, nc nng v nc lnh.

(11)

2.1.8. Phng tin v sinh c nhn v khu vc v sinh

Cn c cc phng tin v sinh c nhn lun duy tr ch v sinh c nhn
mc thch hp nhm trnh nhim bn cho thc phm. u thch hp, cc phng tin
phi bao gm:
- Phng tin ra v lm kh tay nh chu ra c h thng cp nc nng v
nc lnh (hoc c nhit ph hp, c thit b kim sot).
- Nh v sinh c thit k hp v sinh.
- C cc phng tin, khu vc ring bit v hp l nhn vin thay qun o.
- Nhng phng tin trn phi c thit k v b tr hp l.

(12)

2.1.9. Kim sot nhit

Tu tnh cht ca cc thao tc ch bin thc phm, cn c cc phng tin ph hp
lm nng, lm ngui, un nu, lm lnh v lm lnh ng thc phm, hoc duy tr
tt ch bo qun m thc phm c lm lnh hay lnh ng gim st nhit
15

thc phm v khi cn kim sot nhit mi trng xung quanh nhm m bo tnh
an ton v ph hp ca thc phm.

(13)

2.1.10. Cht lng khng kh v s thng gi

Thit k h thng thng gi t nhin hay dng qut cng bc, c bit nhm:
- Hn ch n mc ti thiu nhim bn thc phm do khng kh, v d nh t dng
kh hay nc ngng t
- Kim sot nhit mi trng xung quanh
- Kim sot cc mi c th nh hng ti tnh ph hp ca thc phm
- Kim sot m khng kh, nu cn, m bo tnh an ton v tnh ph hp ca
thc phm
- Cc h thng thng gi phi c thit k v xy dng sao cho dng kh khng
c chuyn ng t khu vc nhim ti khu vc sch v u cn, h thng thng gi
cng c tnh n c ch bo dng d dng v c lm sch mt cch thun
li.

(14)
2.1.11. Chiu sng
Cn cung cp nh sng t nhin hay nhn to tin hnh thao tc c r rng.

Khi thit k h thng chiu sng lm sao nh sng khng lm cho ngi thao tc nhn cc
mu b sai lch. Cng nh sng phi ph hp vi tnh cht thao tc. Ngun sng cn
che chn trnh b v, cc mng v ca n khng th ri vo thc phm c.

(15)

2.1.12. Bo qun
nhng ni cn thit, phi b tr phng tin thch hp bo qun thc phm,
cng nh bo qun cc cht liu v cc ha cht phi thc phm (nh cc cht ty ra, du
nhn, nhin liu).
u thy thch hp, cc phng tin dng bo qun thc phm phi c thit
k v xy dng sao cho:
- C ch bo dng duy tu v lm v sinh thun li
- Trnh c sinh vt gy hi xm nhp v n nu
- Bo v mt cch hu hiu thc phm khi b nhim trong khi bo qun
- Khi cn, to ra c mt mi trng nhm gim n ti thiu s h hi ca thc
phm (v d bng cch kim sot c nhit v m khng kh).
{ (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) http://www.angi.com.vn/Desktop.aspx/Content/44/1267/ }

16

- Nhng loi phng tin bo qun, c b tr s tu thuc vo tnh cht ca thc

phm. u cn phi b tr phng tin ring, an ton ct gi cc vt liu ty ra v
cht nguy him.

(16)

2.1.13. V sinh nh xng v cc thit b dng trong v sinh nh xng

Thit b:

(17)

- Cy lau t, x v gi vt
- Bnh xt tay
- Gt knh
- Cy c toilet
- Cy c cc
- Khn lau khc mu
- Pht ming mn
- Gt sn
- Chi nha
- Bn chi cn di
- Ln ng
- Gp rc
- Thng tc bn cu
- Gng tay cao su
- Ti nilon
- Bin bo 2.
Ha cht :
- Ha cht lau sn: Power Plus
- Ha cht lm sch knh: Power View
- Ha cht lm sch v nh bng Inox, thp m: Klen 2207
- Ha cht lm sch bn trong TBVS: Power Bac (dng nguyn cht hoc pha
long) - Ha cht lm sch tng v bn ngoi TBVS: Power Lemon
- Ha cht lm sch v kh mi: Power Floral (pha long theo t l 1:40 - 1:80)
- Vin kh mi toilet: Power Deo
Cch lm:
- Lp rp v kim tra an ton ca thit b
17

- ng ca li v treo bin bo bn ngoi

- m bo thng thong ti a bng cch m ca s, bt qut thng gi
- Thu rc t thng rc cho vo ti nilon
- Pha ha cht lm sch theo t l thch hp
- Qui trinh chung lm sch TBVS:
+ X nc lm t lng bn v lm tri cht thi (ng np bn cu khi x nc).
Dng gp rc nht b rc l thot di y bn.
+ Phun dung dch Power Bac vo trong lng bn, ha cht ngm
+ Trong khi ch Power Bac ngm, nhng khn vo x ng dung dch Power
Lemon, vt nc ri lau xung quanh bn ngoi bn t trn cao xung
+ Dng khn m, pht ming v Klen 2207 lm sch v nh bng vi nc,
ng ng v cc thit b bng Inox, thp m
+ Dng khn, pht ming hoc cy c lm sch bn trong lng bn, dng pht
ming nh bng tay nhng vt cn bn kh sch
- Lm sch bn ra: Dng khn lau bn ngoi bao gm: vin trn bn ra, khay
ng x phng hoc bnh ng nc ra tay, mt v cnh bn (nu c), xung quanh y
ngoi v ng ng.
Dng mt khn m khc mu lau bn trong lng bn, ch np y l thot v l
thot nc trn. M vi x nc ra lng bn, dng cy c cc c l thot v cc lc rc
ca bn Pantry. Thay x phng hoc nc ra tay khi ht
- Lm sch tiu nam: Tt h thng x nc t ng (nu c). Dng khn lau bn
ngoi bao gm: h thng x nc, xung quanh y ngoi bn, ng ng. Dng cy c
lm sch bn trong: lng bn, ch vt nc chy trn thnh v l thot di y. Di
nc ra sch cy c v lm tri cht bn
Bt li h thng x nc t ng (nu c). Thay vin kh mi khi ht.
- Lm sch bn cu bt:
ng np bn cu v x nc. Dng khn lau xung quanh bn ngoi bao gm: hp
ng giy, bnh ng nc x, bn l, hai mt ca ch ngi, hai mt ca np y, xung
quanh y ngoi.
{ (16) (17) http://www.angi.com.vn/Desktop.aspx/Content/44/1267/ }

18

Dng cy c lm sch bn trong lng bn, ch khe vng di ch ngi, vt nc

chy trn thnh v l thot di y. X nc lm tri cht bn, gi cy c trong nc
x. Lau kh np y v ch ngi ri y np.
Thay giy v sinh khi ht.
- Lm sch thit b khc:
+ Dng chi nha qut rc trn sn ri lau sn bng cy lau t vi Power Plus hoc
Power Floral kh mi. C th dng bn chi c ri di nc v dng gt sn gt kh
+ Lm sch knh, gng bng gt knh vi Power View
+ Lau hoc ra tng v lm sch vch ngn bng khn, pht ming vi Power
Lemon
- Khi kt thc cng vic, lau sch thit b ri ct vo kho
Ch :
- eo khu trang v i gng tay cao su trong khi lm vic
- Khng nc bn vo lm t cun giy v sinh
- Nu bn b tc th phi thng tc trc khi lm sch
- Khng dung dch ha cht bn vo tng v vt khc. Nu b th phi lau
kh ngay - m bo cy c toilet v cy ra chai c lm sch trc khi ct vo kho.
2.2. M BO V SINH MY MC THIT B
- Nghim chnh chp hnh ni qui, qui nh hng dn ca Cng Ty v an ton v
sinh lao ng v v sinh mi trng.
- Mc ng phc v mang cc trang b BHL y theo qui nh.
- Bo v Cty c trvh nhim trc tip kim tra thng xuyn nhc nh, thc hin
ghi nhn hoc bo co ln G vic tnh hnh thc hin v chp hnh ca CNV Cty.
- Chu s gim st kim tra ca NV gim st v an ton & v sinh lao ng PCCN
v mi trng.
+ An ton lao ng
- Cng nhn ch c vn hnh my, thit b theo ng trnh t c hng dn
thc hin theo qui nh ca Cng Ty.
- Khng c s dng, sa cha thit b khi cha c hun luyn v an ton lao
ng v quy trnh vn hnh my mc thit b .
- Khng c tho g hoc lm gim hiu qu ca cc thit b an ton.
19

- Khng c t do i li cc ni khng thuc trch nhim ca mnh.

- Phi bo co ngay cho trng b phn khi my, thit b c s c hoc nghi ng s
c.
- Nghim cm ht thuc l trong khu vc lm vic.
- Khng dc du m ri ri trn sn.
- Ni lm vic phi c ngn np, khng c dng c, dy in, vt t, ph
liu, phng tin gy cn tr cc hot ng v i li.
- Khi chun b vn hnh my hoc sau sa cha phi kim tra xem cn chi tit, dng
c no trn my hay khng v khi khng c ngi ng trong vi phm nguy him mi
c php vn hnh my.
- Khi ct in sa cha, ngi sa cha phi treo bng bo ti cu dao, v ch
c ngi ct in mi c ng in. (hoc trc tip nh ng in).
- Cc b phn phi phi hp vi nhn vin bo tr in tin hnh kim tra, v
sinh, nng cp cc t in, ng dy , my, thit b c mang in theo nh k do Cng
Ty qui nh.
- Khi xy ra s c tai nn, ngi c mt ti hin trng phi:
- Khn cp dng my cp cu dao in c tai nn.
- Khn trng s cp cu nn nhn v bo ngay cho ngi c trch nhim v BG.
- Tham gia bo v hin trng ngi c trch nhim x l.
+ V sinh my mc thit b, khu vc sn xut
- Cm bt c vt dng, vt liu g ln trn cc thit b my mc.
- Trong gi lm vic cng nhn phi mang y qun o BHL c cp pht,
u tc phi gn gng sch s.
- Thng xuyn (trc v sau ngy lm vic) v sinh cng nghip khu vc lm vic,
thit b mnh ph trch.
- Cc cng dng c phc v cho chnh sa my ca b phn no phi c trch nhim
bo qun ti b phn , trng hp tht lc hoc lm mt phi trch nhim bi thng.
- Thng xuyn kim tra h thng x l nc thy, m bo h thng hot ng
m bo t yu cu

20

- Phn loi v ng ni qui nh cc loi vt liu, ph liu, cht thi . (trng

hp pht hin hnh vi lm sai qui nh p dng mc x pht 200.000/ v v lp bin bn
x l k tip).
- Th by hng tun phi tin hnh phn cng tng v sinh cng nghip, tin hnh
kim tra bo dng thit b in, bi trn cc thit b my mc, v sinh xung quanh hnh
lang nh xng v ph xanh chu vi to bng mt ci thin mi trng.
- Tham gia chng trnh phng chng dch bnh v khm sc kho nh k.
- Phi khai bo vi cng ty v bnh ca mnh cha tr.
- Ch c lm vic khi trng thi c th, tm l bnh thng. Qun c hoc t
trng SX c quyn buc CNV lp tc ngng lm vic khi pht hin CNV c s dng
cht kch thch nh ma tu, ru, bia hay cc cht tng t.
- CNV c trch nhim thng bo vi Cng Ty v vic c nhn no vi phm ni qui
an ton & v sinh lao ng.
- Cui ngy Bo v kim tra, nu thy cha v sinh t yu cu th bo v lp bin
bn ngi ph trch my v t trng ca b phn .

21

Chng 3. THC HIN QUI NH V V SINH CNG NHN:

3.1. TRC KHI VO PHNG SN XUT:
- Trang b bo h lao ng y , sch s, gn gng, ng qui nh (qun o, giy,
m, ym, gng tay, khu trang).
- i nn ng yu cu, i nn li, gi quai nn, khng ri tc ra ngoi.
- Tuyt i khng mng tay di, khng sn mng tay, khng eo n trang, ng
h.
- Cng nhn di chuyn theo ng ng i dnh cho cng nhn theo qui nh, thc
hin cc bc v sinh trc khi vo phng sn xut:
i nn li, tm gn tc vo bn trong trong nn li, i nn lin o v khu
trang.
Mc ym.
Ra tay theo ng qui trnh ra tay.
Tuyt i khng c buc bao tay vo ym hoc cm bao tay vo trong phng
sn xut ri mang cao tay trong phng sn xut.

(18)

3.2. QUY NH V SINH CNG NHN TRONG PHN XNG SN

XUT:

(19)

- Khi ra vo phn xng, cng nhn phi i theo li qui nh, bao tay v ym
ng v tr qui nh.
- Khi i v sinh phi thay ng, o v bc vo mng nc pha chlorine t trc
phng v sinh.
- Tuyt i khng em thc n, nc ung vo phn xng. Khng ht thuc,
khng khc nh, khng ni chuyn n o trong phn xng.
- Khng dng tay c mang bao tay sa nn, o, tc khi ang sn xut. Nu c
nhu cu phi sa li nn, tc th g bao tay ra v treo ng ni qui nh sau ra
phng ra tay, sa son li ri v sinh tay v bao tay nh trc khi bc vo phn xng.
3.3. QUY NH V V SINH DNG C
- Qui trnh lm v sinh vo cui gi sn xut (11h30 v 4h):
Ra dng c bng nc sch.
{ (18) (19) www.seajocovietnam.com.vn }

22

Ra bng x bng.
Ra li bng nc sch.
Nhng trong dd chlorine 100 ppm.
Ra li bng nc sch ngay sau khi nhng.
- Xe ch v xe ch bn thnh phm phi lun c v sinh sch s.
- Bnh ng alcohol v ng chlorine phi lun sch s v ng ni qui nh.
- Cng nhn khng c trc tip sn xut trn nn nh.

(20)

3.4. QUY NH V V SINH TRONG GI SN XUT

Mi khi c chung reo cng nhn phi tin hnh v sinh nh sau:
Qui nh v sinh trong lc lm vic:
Trong gi lm vic, cng nhn phi ra tay, dng c v bn khi chuyn i mt
hng v 1 gi 1 ln.
Qui nh lm v sinh nh sau:
Qui nh v vic ra tay:
Ra tay bng nc sch cho sch tp cht.
Ra tay bng dung dch chlorine 50ppm.
Qui nh v vic v sinh dng c:
i vi r, dao, dng c g tht gh:
Ra dng c bng nc sch.
Nhng trong dung dch chlorine 100ppm.
Ra li bng nc sch sau khi nhng.
i vi bn:
Di bn bng nc sch.
Khi chuyn i mt hng, ra bn bng x bng, ra li bng nc sch. Trng bn
li bng dd cholorin 100ppm.

(21)

3.5. QUY NH V V SINH BN NGOI PHN XNG

- Khng x rc ba bi trong nh v sinh, ch ngh tra.
- Ngh tra xong phi thu dn ch nm v v sinh sch s, khng cc vt dng lt
nm ba bi trn sn.

(22)

3.6. QUY NH THAY BO H LAO NG

- Giy dp c nhn phi c vo t giy dp trong phng thay bo h lao ng.
23

- Khng mang chiu, ti xch, nn, n, ung dng ring vo phng thay bo
h lao ng.
- Treo qun o c nhn vo cy treo dng c nhn.
- Treo bo h lao ng vo cy treo bo h lao ng, khng c treo bt c vt g
vo cy treo bo h lao ng.
- Bao tay cao su c ra sch v treo ng v tr treo bao tay.
- Bao tay xp phi b vo thng rc, khng bao tay xp ba bi trong phng thay
bo h lao ng.
- Khng c n ung trong phng thay bo h lao ng.

(23)

3.7. QUY NH KHC

- Khi nguyn liu hoc bn thnh phm b ri xung nn nh phi nht ln ngay v
ra li bng nc sch trong vi nc.
- Nguyn liu v bn thnh phm phi lun c p y m bo nhit
ca nguyn liu hoc bn thnh phm 60C.
- Bao tay lm nguyn liu l bao tay xanh, c th dng bao tay xp lm
nguyn liu. Khng dng cc loi bao tay khc lm nguyn liu.
- Ca kho bao b thuc t cp ng qun l phi lun lun ng nu pht hin ca
m s tr im c t.
- Cng nhn nam khi vo lm vic nu c hi ru s phi ngh vic v tr im.
- Tuyt i khng c t chc c bc trong phn xng di mi hnh thc.
Nu cng nhn khng thc hin ng cc qui nh trn s b tr 5 im. (im tr,
tr thng vo im mi ngy).Mi ln vi phm do t trng, KCS, iu hnh, qun c
hoc t thi ua nhc nh.

(24)

{ (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) www.seajocovietnam.com.vn }

24

Chng 4. M BO AN TON V SINH TRONG CH BIN THY HI

SN
4.1. AN TON NGUN NC S DNG TRONG SN XUT.
Nc s dng trong ch bin sn phm, lm v sinh cc b mt tip xc vi sn
phm phi t yu cu tiu chun 1329/2002/BYT/Q ca B Y T v tiu chun v sinh
nc n ung v ch th s 98/83/EEC ca Hi ng Lin Minh Chu Au v cht lng
nc dng cho ngi.

(25)

4.1.1. Cc th tc cn tun th
- Khng c bt k s ni cho no gia cc ng ng cung cp nc x l v
cha qua x l; nc lm v sinh vi nc sn xut.
- H thng bm, x l nc, ng ng nc thng xuyn c lm v sinh theo
nh k v c bo tr tt.
- Cc bn cha nc c v sinh sch s theo nh k :

H thng b cha 300 m3 : v sinh 6 thng /1 ln.

H thng lc th : v sinh Ngy / 1 ln.

H thng lm mm, lc tinh : v sinh Tun / 1 ln.

- Duy tr kim tra cht ch h thng x l nc.

- Thng xuyn kim tra v b sung lng ha cht dng cho x l nc, tuyt i
khng n ht.
- Nng Chlorine d trong nc dng trong sn xut lun c duy tr 0,5 1ppm.
- Khng c ni cho gia cc ng ng dn nc v sinh v nc ch bin. Cc
ng ng nc cha x l vi ng ng nc x l.
- Thng xuyn kim tra h thng bm nn c b nhim du m ln vo nc hay
khng.
4.1.2. Gim st phn cng trch nhim
- T trng T k thut my c trch nhim trin khai qui phm ny.
- Cng nhn T k thut my c trch nhim lm ng theo qui phm ny.
- Nhn vin ph trch x l nc kim sot hng ngy cc iu kin v sinh ca h
thng cung cp nc (h thng x l, b, bn cha, ng ng), nu c s c phi bo
co ngay kp thi sa cha.
25

- QC c phn cng kim tra li tnh trng v sinh ca h thng cung cp nc

theo nh k v sau mi ln lm v sinh.
Tn sut kim tra :

H thng b cha 300 m3 : 6 thng / 01 ln.

H thng lc th : Ngy / 01 ln.

H thng lm mm, lc tinh : Tun / 01 ln.

vy : mi tun / 01 ln

- m bo an ton ca ngun nc, phng Vi Sinh ca Cng ty ly mu kim tra

ti c quan c thm quyn cc ch tiu vi sinh, ho l theo theo nh k ba thng mt ln
i vi nc u ngun v nc cui ngun theo k hoch ra. Ly mu kim thm
tra cc ch tiu vi sinh, ho l nh k mi nm mt ln theo k hoch ra.
- Mt khc phng Vi Sinh ca Cng ty ly mu kim tra vi sinh mi tun mt ln
cho cc vi ra i din khc nhau trong phn xng v mt nm mt ln cho tt c cc
vi ra trong phn xng theo k hoch kim sot cht lng nc.
- Hng ngy QC c phn cng c trch nhim kim tra nng Chlorine d trong nc
u ngun v cui ngun. Nng Chlorine d trong nc phi t trong khong 0,5 1 ppm.
Kt qu kim tra c ghi vo Bo co theo di x l nc (CL - SSOP - BM 01). Tn sut mi
ngy 01 ln.
- QC c phn cng c trch nhim kim tra v sinh h thng x l nc. Kt qu
c ghi vo Bo co kim tra v sinh h thng x l nc & kho vy (CL - SSOP BM 02).
- Mi b sung sa i qui phm ny phi c Ban Gim c ph duyt.
4.1.3. Hnh ng sa cha
- Phng Vi Sinh c trch nhim kim tra tun ln v theo di kt qu phn tch mu
nc; nu c vn mt an ton v ngun nc phi bo ngay vi i trng hoc i
ph i HACCP tm bin php khc phc. Hnh ng sa cha c ghi chp trong
nht k nc.
- QC c trch nhim kim tra d lng Chlorine trong nc, nu pht hin nng
Chlorine d trong nc khng ng qui nh th phi bo ngay cho ngi ph trch vn
hnh h thng x l nc iu chnh nng Chlorine d trong nc n khi t yu
cu.
26

- Nu pht hin qu trnh x l v cung cp nc c vn , Cng ty s cho dng

sn xut ngay. Xc nh thi im xy ra s c v c lp l hng c sn xut trong thi
gian c s dng ngun nc cho ti khi pht hin ra nguyn nhn gy mt an ton i
vi ngun nc v c bin php khc phc h thng mi tr li hot ng bnh
thng. ng thi ly mu kim tra sn phm, v ch xut xng nhng sn phm m
bo cht lng. Ghi chp s c vo nht k Nuoca.
4.1.4. Thm tra
- Cc kt qu kim tra v an ton ngun nc, nht k Nuoca c i trng i
HACCP hoc Trng, Ph Ban iu hnh sn xut (thnh vin i HACCP) thm tra.
- Cc phiu bo kt qu kim nghim Ho - L - Vi sinh ca phng Vi sinh Cng ty
c Trng hoc Ph phng Vi sinh thm tra.
4.1.5. H s lu tr
-

S h thng x l nc cp.

S h thng phn phi nc.

Bo co theo di x l nc (CL - SSOP - BM 01).

Bo co kim tra v sinh h thng x l nc & kho vy (CL - SSOP - BM

K hoch kim sot cht lng nc.

Phiu bo kt qu kim nghim Ho - L - Vi Sinh v an ton ngun nc.

Cc bin bn v s c v hnh ng sa cha.

02).

Tt c h s biu mu ghi chp vic thc hin qui phm ny c thm tra phi
c lu tr trong b h s SSOP ca Cng ty t nht l 02 nm.
4.2. V SINH CC B MT TIP XC VI SN PHM
4.2.1. Yu cu

(26)

Cc b mt tip xc vi sn phm nh: Bao tay, ym, ng v dng c sn xut: thau,

r, dao, tht, lic, bn, bn cha, thng ra, khun, cn, PE xp khun v cc b mt
tip xc gin tip vi sn phm nh trn, tng, nn nh, n, ca knh, cc my mc
thit b, cng rnh phi m bo v duy tr iu kin v sinh tt trc khi bt u v
trong thi gian sn xut.
{ (25) (26) http://www.clfish.com/inc/haccpv/ssop/ }

27

4.2.2. Cc th tc cn tun th
- Trc khi bt u sn xut v khi kt thc sn xut, hay thay i mt hng, tt c
cc dng c ch bin v dng c cha ng u c lm v sinh v kh trng sch s
mt trong cng nh mt ngoi.
- Tt c dng c sn xut phi c ng ni qui nh.
- Tt c cc bn s dng trong khu vc sn xut u c lt ngc li v ch
ra tht sch cc khe, hc pha di mt bn vo cui ca sn xut.
- Thit b phi c b tr, lp t d kim tra, d lm v sinh v kh trng ton b.
- Khng c s dng cc dng c lm bng vt liu g lm b mt tip xc vi
sn phm trong khu ch bin, trong t ng, kho mt, kho bo qun nc .
V sinh u gi sn xut :
+ Bao tay, ym:
Bc 1: Ra nc sch.
Bc 2: Nhng tay c mang bao tay vo dung dch Chlorine c nng 10 15
ppm. i vi ym th di nc Chlorine 10 15 ppm ln mt ngoi.
Bc 3: Ra li bng nc sch cho ht Chlorine.
+ Cc dng c cha ng nh: thau, r, tht, thng nha, bn inox, gi cn, bn,
bng ti, .
Bc 1: Ra nc sch.
Bc 2: Dng dung dch Chlorine c nng 100 200 ppm kh trng u khp
mt trong v mt ngoi tt c dng c.
Bc 3: Ra li bng nc sch cho ht Chlorine.
- Tt c cc dng c sau khi lm v sinh phi c p ngc xung cho ro ht
nc mi c s dng. Dng c sau khi lm v sinh ch c php s dng trong ngy,
khi qua m th phi tin hnh lm v sinh li.
- i vi PE xp khun th ra bng nc sch, ro trc khi s dng.
- Kho mt (tin ng):
Bc 1: Ra nc sch.
Bc 2: Dng dung dch Chlorine c nng 100 200 ppm kh trng.
Bc 3: Ra li bng nc sch cho ht Chlorine.
*Lu :
28

- Bao tay s dng phi cn nguyn, khng b thng, rch.

- Trong qu trnh sn xut, nu cc dng c sn xut b rt xung nn th phi thc
hin cc bc v sinh v kh trng ging nh lc bt u sn xut.
V sinh gia ca sn xut:
- Sau hai gi sn xut tt c dng c nh : thau, r, dao, tht, lic, bao tay, ym, bn,
u phi di ra bng nc sch.
V sinh khi ngh gia ca sn xut:
- Trong gi ngh gia ca, dng c sn xut phi lm v sinh v kh trng theo cc bc
sau :
Bc 1: Dn ht vn ca sn phm cn tn ng trong dng c.
Bc 2: Ra nc sch cho tri ht vn ca sn phm cn dnh trn dng c.
Bc 3: Ngm cc dng c vo dung dch Chlorine c nng 100 200 ppm
kh trng.
Bc 4: Ra li bng nc sch cho ht Chlorine.
+ Bao tay, ym :
Bc 1: Ra nc sch.
Bc 2: Nhng tay c mang bao tay vo dung dch Chlorine c nng 10 15
ppm. i vi ym th di nc Chlorine 10 15 ppm ln mt ngoi.
Bc 3: Ra li bng nc sch cho ht Chlorine.
Bc 4: Mng ln gi treo ym, bao tay.
V sinh cui gi sn xut:
+ Bao tay, ym
Bc 1: Ra bng nc sch bn trong v bn ngoi.
Bc 2: Ra x phng cho sch cc cht bn bm dnh trn bao tay.
Bc 3: Ra li bng nc sch cho sch x phng.
Bc 4: Nhng bao tay, ym vo dung dch Chlorine c nng 10 15 ppm.
Bc 5: Ra li nc sch.
Bc 6: Mng ln gi treo ym, bao tay.
Lu : Bao tay c lt mt tri ra ngoi khi phi.
+ Cc dng c cha ng nh: thau, r, tht, ...
Bc 1: Xt nc nng cho tri ht vn ca sn phm cn dnh li trn dng c.
29

Bc 2: Ra sch bng x phng.

Bc 3: Dng nc sch ra li cho sch x phng.
Bc 4: Nhng dng c vo bn dung dch Chlorine c nng 100 200ppm.
Bc 5: Ra li bng nc sch cho ht Chlorine. Sp xp ngn np trn cc gi
, hoc trn bn.
- Cc dng c ch bin nh: thng nha, bn inox, gi cn, bn, bng ti,
Bc 1: Di nc cho tri ht vn ca sn phm cn dnh li trn dng c.
Bc 2: Dng nc x phng ra sch cc cht bn bm dnh trn dng c mt
trong, mt ngoi, mt di v cc gc cnh ca bn
Bc 3: Dng nc sch ra li cho sch x phng.
Bc 4: Dng dung dch Chlorine c nng 100 200 ppm kh trng u khp
mt trong v mt ngoi tt c dng c.
Bc 5: Ra li bng nc sch.
- ng:
Bc 1: Ra nc sch.
Bc 2: Dng nc x phng, bn chi chuyn dng ch sch cc cht bn bm
dnh trn b mt ng.
Bc 3: Dng nc sch ra li cho sch x phng.
Bc 4: Nhng ng trong dung dch Chlorine c nng 100 200ppm kh
trng ng.
Bc 5: ng trn cc gi .
4.2.3. Gim st phn cng trch nhim
- i trng, t trng cc i c trch nhim trin khai theo qui phm ny.
- Cng nhn cc i c trch nhim lm ng theo qui phm ny.
- QC ph trch sn xut ti cc i c trch nhim gim st vic lm v sinh nh
xng, my mc, thit b, dng c sn xut v v sinh c nhn ( ngy / 02 ln). Kt qu
kim tra ghi vo Bo co kim tra v sinh hng ngy (Nh xng, my mc thit b, dng
c sn xut) (CL - SSOP - BM 03), v Biu mu kim tra v sinh hng ngy (V Sinh C
Nhn) (CL - SSOP - BM 04).
- Nhn Vin Phng Vi Sinh Cng ty ly mu kim vi sinh cc dng c i din cho
tng khu vc ngay sau khi lm v sinh mi tun / 01 ln.
30

- nh k 03 thng ly mu v sinh cng nghip gi kim thm tra ti c quan c

thm quyn.
- Mi b sung, sa i qui phm ny phi c Ban Gim c ph duyt.
4.2.4. Hnh ng sa cha.
- Trong trng hp pht hin dng c sn xut cc i b h hng, v sinh khng
t yu cu, th khng cho i tin hnh sn xut v cho v sinh li dng c. Khi no
kim tra li thy v sinh dng c t yu cu th mi cho sn xut bnh thng. L
hng sn xut phi c c lp, ly mu kim tra v ch xut xng khi t yu cu
cc ch tiu kim tra.
- Nu kt qu kim vi sinh khng t th tin hnh kim tra qui trnh lm v sinh v
ly mu ti kim .
- Nng Chlorine kh trng khng t th b sung cho t v kh trng thit b
dng c tr li.
4.2.5. Thm tra
- H s ghi chp vic thc hin qui phm ny c i trng i HACCP hoc
Trng, Ph Ban iu hnh sn xut (thnh vin i HACCP) thm tra.
- Cc phiu bo kt qu kim nghim Vi sinh ca phng Vi sinh Cng ty c
Trng hoc Ph phng Vi sinh thm tra.
4.2.6. H s lu tr
- Phiu bo kt qu kim nghim phn tch vi sinh v cc b mt tip xc vi sn
phm.
- Bo co kim tra v sinh hng ngy (Nh xng, my mc thit b, dng c sn
xut) (CL - SSOP - BM 03)
- Biu mu kim tra v sinh hng ngy (V Sinh C Nhn) (CL - SSOP - BM 04).
Tt c h s biu mu ghi chp vic thc hin qui phm ny c thm tra phi
c lu tr trong b h s SSOP ca Cng ty t nht l 02 nm.
4.3. NGN NGA S NHIM CHO

(27)

4.3.1. yu cu
Trnh ly nhim cho t cc vt th mt v sinh sang thc phm, cng nhn khu
vc khng sch sang khu vc sch, vt liu bao gi, cc b mt tip xc vi thc phm
31

bao gm: dng c, bao tay, bo h lao ng, mi trng khng sch sang mi trng
sch v t ng vt gy hi sang thc phm.
4.3.2. Cc th tc cn tun th
Nhim cho trong thit k nh xng :
- Dy chuyn sn xut c thit lp theo mt ng thng, cc cng on khng
c ct nhau.
- Ti mt thi im, phn xng ch ch bin mt mt hng hoc nhm mt hng
tng t nhau trong mt khu vc nh xng; khi kt thc mt mt hng hoc nhm mt
hng tng t nhau, phi lm v sinh v kh trng sch s theo qui nh, mi c php
ch bin mt hng khc. Trnh sn phm cn st li trong phn xng.
- Trn, n, my mc thit b trong phn xng phi c bo tr v lm v sinh mi
tun mt ln.
- Nn, tng, cng rnh thot nc lun duy tr c b mt nhn lng, d lm v sinh.
Nn, tng, cng rnh c lm v sinh bng x phng v kh trng bng Chlorine nng
100 200 ppm trc v sau khi sn xut.
- Trn phi thng xuyn bo tr, sa cha, lm v sinh trnh c s ngng t hi
nc to nm mc v bong trc ri vo sn phm.
- Tt c cc ca thng vi bn ngoi phi c ng kn v c rm nha ngn
khng cho cn trng bn ngoi xm nhp vo phn xng.
Nhim cho trong sn xut :
- Cc dng c sn xut c phn bit r rng: dng c trn bn khc vi dng
c di nn. Dng c ng ph phm, ng nguyn liu, ng bn thnh phm, thnh
phm phi khc nhau v c phn bit bng mu sc hoc k hiu ring. Dng c cha
ng v vn chuyn nc khng c dng vo cng vic khc.
- Dng c cha ng v vn chuyn ph phm phi ng ni qui nh khi kt thc
sn xut, dng c vn chuyn ph phm, ph phm tuyt i khng s dng vo mc ch
khc.
- Trong qu trnh sn xut khng c tay cng nhn, bao tay, BHL, dng c
sn xut nh: dao, lic, tht, thao, r, khun, khay,.. tip xc vi cht thi, sn nh v cc
cht bn khc; nu b nhim bn th phi tin hnh v sinh v kh trng nh khi bt
u sn xut (tun th theo SSOP 3).
32

- Bt k ai i vo phn xng sn xut cng phi tun th vic thay BHL, ra v

kh trng tay ng qui nh.
- Mng tay phi c ct ngn.
- Khng c eo trang sc v mang nhng t trang khng an ton khc c th
ri vo hoc tip xc vi nguyn liu, bn thnh phm, thnh phm.
- Khi ra khi phn xng bt c lc no cng u phi thay BHL.
- Khi i v sinh xong phi ra v kh trng tay mi c vo phn xng sn xut.
- Cng nhn nu chm tay vo tc, mi ming trong khi sn xut phi thc hin li
cc thao tc ra v kh trng tay nh qui nh.
- Cng nhn khu vc ny khng c i li khu vc khc.
- Cng nhn cng on ny, khi c Ban iu Hnh iu ng sang cng on
khc th phi thay BHL v thc hin vic v sinh c nhn nh trc khi bt u sn
xut.
- Trong qu trnh sn xut nu sn phm ri xung nn th sn phm coi nh l
ph phm, v phi b vo thng ng ph phm.
- Khng c ht thuc, khc nh, n ung trong khu vc sn xut v phng thay
BHL.
- Khng c sn xut hoc lu gi cc cht gy nhim bn v lm nh hng ti
mi v ca sn phm nh: cht thi, ph phm, ti khu vc trong phn xng.
4.3.3. Gim st phn cng trch nhim
- i trng, T trng cc i c trch nhim trin khai qui phm ny.
- Cng nhn ti cc i c trch nhim lm ng theo qui phm ny.
- Nhn vin T k thut my c phn cng lm v sinh c trch nhim v sinh
n, my mc thit b mi tun mt ln.
- QC ph trch sn xut ti cc i c trch nhim gim st ngy 02 ln v t xut
(nu c) vic lm v sinh nh xng, my mc, thit b, dng c sn xut v v sinh c
nhn. Kt qu kim tra ghi vo Bo co kim tra v sinh hng ngy (Nh xng, my
mc thit b, dng c sn xut) (CL - SSOP - BM 03), v Biu mu kim tra v sinh hng
ngy (V sinh c nhn) (CL - SSOP - BM 04).
- Mi b sung, sa i qui phm ny phi c Ban Gim c ph duyt.
4.3.4. Hnh ng sa cha
33

Phng Vi Sinh Cng ty ly mu kim tra vi sinh sn phm theo tng l sn xut, nhn
nh kt qu v tin hnh cc bin php sa cha khi kt qu khng t (ti ch hoc gii
phng l hng).
4.3.5. Thm tra
- H s ghi chp vic thc hin qui phm ny c i trng i HACCP hoc
Trng, Ph Ban iu hnh sn xut (thnh vin i HACCP) thm tra.
- Cc phiu bo kt qu kim nghim Vi sinh ca phng Vi sinh Cng ty c
Trng hoc Ph phng Vi sinh thm tra.
4.3.6. H s lu tr
- Phiu bo kt qu kim nghim phn tch vi sinh v sn phm.
- Bo co kim tra v sinh hng ngy (Nh xng, my mc thit b, dng c sn
xut) (CL - SSOP - BM 03
- Biu mu kim tra v sinh hng ngy (V sinh c nhn) (CL - SSOP - BM 04).
Tt c h s biu mu ghi chp v vic thc hin qui phm ny c thm tra
phi c lu tr trong b h s SSOP ca Cng ty t nht l 02 nm.
4.4. BO V SN PHM TRNH CC TC NHN GY NHIM

(28)

4.4.1. Yu cu
- Vt liu cha ng, bao gi hng thu sn nh: thng carton, bao b PE, PA phi
t theo tiu chun qui nh trong bng 1 v 2 ca TCVN 5512-1991 v cht lng bao
PE, PP phi t theo TCVN 5653 -1992.
- Vic ghi nhn sn phm phi tun th theo TCVN 2643 - 88.
- Bo v thc phm, vt liu bao gi, v cc b mt tip xc vi thc phm nhm
trnh tip xc vi du m bi trn, thuc kh trng, cht ty ra, cht ngng t, cc cht
gy nhim vi sinh, l, ho hc khc.
- Vic s dng bao b phi theo ng yu cu, mc ch s dng ngn nga s ly
nhim vo sn phm.
4.4.2. Cc th tc cn tun th
- Kho bao b lun c gi sch s, thong mt, c mn che chn cn trng xm
nhp. Tuyt i khng c ct mn chn ln khi mang bao b ra vo kho.
- Bao b trong kho c t trn pallet; khng tip xc trc tip vi nn.
- Bao b trong kho c xp ngay ngn, th t theo tng chng loi.
34

- Khng c ngi hay gim p ln bao b.

- Ch c ngi c trch nhim mi c vo kho bao b.
- Kho bo qun bao b khng c cha bt k loi dng c, vt t no khc ngoi
bao b dng bao gi thnh phm v c v sinh mi ngy.
- Khng c ht thuc hoc mang nhng vt dng khc vo kho bo qun bao b.
- Cc dng c dng ng, vit thng tin trn bao b: mc, vit phi ngn np.
- Thng xuyn lau chi trn nh, tuyt i khng bt k s ngng t hi nc
no xy ra trn trn.
- Hng ngy kim tra, bo tr nh xng, dng c, thit b my mc; tuyt i khng
xy ra bt k s r g kh nn hay du bi trn no vo sn phm.
- Khng sn phm tip xc trc tip vi nn. Khng dng c cha ng sn
phm, khun khay, tip xc trc tip vi nn.
- Khng c lu trong nh xng nhng vt dng, thit b khng ph hp vi thc
t sn xut ca Cng ty. Khng c php s dng cc loi ha cht ht thi hn s dng.
- nh k mi tun mt ln phn xng phi thc hin tng v sinh nh xng.
4.4.3. Gim st phn cng trch nhim
- i trng, T trng cc i c trch nhim trin khai quy phm ny.
- Cng nhn ti cc i c trch nhim lm ng theo qui phm ny.
- QC ti cc khu vc sn xut c trch nhim kim tra, gim st vic thc hin qui
phm ny.
- QC thnh phm c trch nhim kim tra thng xuyn v tnh trng bo qun, s
dng ca bao b ngy 02 ln. Nu pht hin h hng hoc khng ng chc nng, mc
ch th c hnh ng sa cha hoc b sung theo ng yu cu. Kt qu kim tra ghi vo
Bo co kim tra bo qun bao b (CL - SSOP - BM07).
- Mi b sung, sa i qui phm ny phi c Ban Gim c ph duyt.
4.4.4. Hnh ng sa cha
- Nu pht hin c s vi phm v vic bo qun v s dng ho cht khng ng theo
yu cu, c th lm nh hng n cht lng sn phm th phi bo ngay cho Ban iu
Hnh kp thi x l.
{ (27) (28) http://www.clfish.com/inc/haccpv/ssop/ }

35

4.4.5. Thm tra

- H s ghi chp vic thc hin qui phm ny c i trng i HACCP hoc
Trng, Ph Ban iu hnh sn xut (thnh vin i HACCP) thm tra.
4.4.6. H s lu tr
- Bo co theo di nhp bao b (CL - SSOP - BM06).
- Bo co kim tra bo qun bao b (CL - SSOP - BM07).
Tt c h s biu mu ghi chp v vic thc hin qui phm ny c thm tra
phi c lu tr trong b h s SSOP ca Cng ty t nht l 02 nm.
4.5. BO QUN V S DNG CC HA CHT HP L

(29)

4.5.1. Yu cu
Cc ha cht s dng trong Cng ty c dn nhn, bo qun v s dng hp l.
m bo khng lm gy hi cho sn phm, ngi tiu dng v cng nhn trc tip s
dng.
4.5.2. Cc th tc cn tun th
- Ch nhng ngi c y quyn hoc ngi chuyn trch c hiu bit v ho cht,
cch s dng v bo qun mi c s dng.
- Ch s dng cht ty ra v kh trng c php s dng theo qui nh ca B Y T.
- Cht kh trng phi c ra sch, khng cn st li trn cc b mt c th tip
xc vi sn phm sau khi lm v sinh.
- Trn bao b cha ng cc loi ho cht phi c ghi nhn y cc thng tin (tn
ho cht, cng thc ho hc hoc thnh phn c trong hp cht, ngy sn xut, hn s
dng, nhn hiu,)
- Ho cht bo qun trong kho phi c sp xp gn gng, ngn np, ng v tr
qui nh theo tng chng loi, thun tin cho vic xut nhp ho cht.
- Ha cht phi c ng trong cc thng cha kn, bo qun cch bit trong kho
thng thong c kha ng qui nh, trnh s chy nc. Lng ho cht ch nhn
dng trong ngy trc gi sn xut hoc ca sn xut, c bo qun trong dng c ng
ring trong khu vc sn xut, dn nhn r rng d s dng v d thy.
- Cht ty ra v kh trng c bo qun tch bit khi thc phm v bao b.
- Cc cht dit cn trng gy hi (thuc xt rui, mui) ch s dng bn ngoi phn
xng sn xut.
36

- Ho cht khi nhp kho phi c nhn vin chuyn trch kim tra cht lng. Nu
ho cht khng kim tra thnh phn ti phng kim nghim th khch hng cung cp phi
c giy phn tch thnh phn v ngun gc ca loi ho cht , trn giy c chng nhn
ca c quan thm quyn.
- Ho cht khi nhp v kho ca Cng ty phi m bo bao b cn nguyn vn, sch,
khng b rch, cn thi hn s dng. Trong qu trnh tip nhn ho cht nu c vn
nghi ng, cn tin hnh lp bin bn, bo co cho cp lnh o c lin quan tr li l hng
cho ngi cung cp hoc ring khng s dng cho n khi c bng chng tho ng
ca nh cung cp v cht lng l hng.
4.5.3. Gim st phn cng trch nhim
- i trng, T trng v cng nhn c trch nhim lm ng theo qui phm ny.
- QC chuyn trch v ho cht s gim st vic xut nhp, s dng v bo qun ho
cht, cht ph gia theo mi l hng nhp vo Cng ty v gim st vic bo qun ha cht
ph gia ngy 01 ln. Kt qu kim tra ghi vo Biu mu theo di nhp ho cht - ph gia
(CL - SSOP - BM 08), Biu mu theo di bo qun ho cht - ph gia (CL - SSOP - BM
09).
- Cng nhn c giao nhim v s dng v bo qun ha cht c trch nhim thc
hin ng qui phm ny.
- Mi b sung, sa i qui phm ny phi c Ban Gim c ph duyt.
4.5.4. Hnh ng sa cha
- Nu pht hin c s vi phm v vic bo qun v s dng ho cht khng ng
theo yu cu th phi bo vi Ban Gim c Cng ty c bin php chn chnh kp thi
khng lm nh hng n sn xut cng nh cht lng sn phm.
4.5.5. Thm tra
- H s ghi chp vic thc hin qui phm ny c i trng i HACCP hoc
Trng, Ph Ban iu hnh sn xut (thnh vin i HACCP) thm tra.
4.5.6. H s lu tr
- Biu mu theo di nhp ho cht - ph gia (CL - SSOP - BM 08).
- Biu mu theo di bo qun ho cht - ph gia (CL-SSOP-BM 09).
Tt c h s biu mu ghi chp v vic thc hin qui phm ny c thm tra
phi c lu tr trong b h s SSOP ca Cng ty t nht l 02 nm.
37

4.6. KIM SOT NG VT GY HI

(30)

4.6.1. Yu cu
Khng c ng vt gy hi v cn trng trong phn xng sn xut, gy nh hng
n cht lng sn phm.
4.6.2. Cc th tc cn tun th
- Tin hnh cc bin php hu hiu ngn nga cn trng, loi gm nhm v cc
ng vt khc vo phn xng sn xut.
- Cc ca t trong phn xng thng ra ngoi lun c ng kn v mc mt rm
nha ngn chn rui v cn trng vo phn xng.
- Hng ngy ngi c phn cng phi v sinh v kim tra tnh trng hot ng
ca n dit cn trng.
- C chng trnh t by chut ngn chn s xm nhp ca chng vo phn
xng.
- Xung quanh phn xng c xt rui mt thng hai ln vo ngy ngh ca hoc
vo cui ngy sn xut. Ha cht s dng phi trong danh mc cc loi ha cht c
php s dng ca B Y T.
- Loi b cc khu vc n np ca cn trng, ng vt gm nhm hay cc ng vt
khc bn trong cng nh bn ngoi phn xng sn xut, nhm ngn chn s xm nhp
ca chng vo phn xng sn xut.
4.6.3. Gim st phn cng trch nhim
- QC chuyn trch s gim st vic kim sot ng vt gy hi nh k hoch
ra ( By chut : tun 03 ln ; phun thuc dit cn trng: thng 02 ln). Kt qu gim st
c ghi vo Biu mu theo di hot ng by chut (CL - SSOP - BM10, Bo co dit
cn trng ngoi phn xng (CL- SSOP BM 11).
- Mi b sung, sa i qui phm ny phi c Ban Gim c ph duyt.
4.6.4. Hnh ng sa cha
Khi pht hin trong phn xng c du hiu v s c mt ca cn trng hay ng
vt gy hi th lp tc c bin php tiu dit ngay v kim tra li ton b h thng ngn
chn cn trng v ng vy gy hi, nu thy khng cn ph hp phi thay i ngay k
hoch.
{ (29) (30) http://www.clfish.com/inc/haccpv/ssop/ }

38

4.6.5. Thm tra

- H s ghi chp vic thc hin qui phm ny c i trng i HACCP hoc
Trng, Ph Ban iu hnh sn xut(thnh vin i HACCP) thm tra.
4.6.6. H s lu tr
- S by chut.
- K hoch t by chut.
- Biu mu theo di hot ng by chut (CL - SSOP - BM 10).
- Bo co dit cn trng ngoi phn xng (CL- SSOP BM 11).
Tt c cc h s ghi chp v vic kim sot ng vt gy hi c thm tra phi
c lu gi trong b h s SSOP ca Cng ty t nht 2 nm
4.7. KIM SOT CHT THI

(31)

+ Vic qun l cht thi nguy hi phi c lp h s v ng k vi c quan qun

l nh nc v bo v mi trng. Nu cc t chc, c nhn c iu kin v nng lc
qun l cht thi nguy hi th c c quan qun l nh nc v bo v mi trng c
thm quyn cp giy php, m s hot ng qun l cht thi nguy hi. (iu 70 Lut bo
v mi trng 2005)
+ Vic phn loi, thu gom, lu gi tm thi cht thi nguy hi phi c tin hnh
theo hai cch: T chc, c nhn c hot ng lm pht sinh cht thi huy hi phi t chc
phn loi, thu gom hot hp ng chuyn giao cho bn tip nhn qun l cht thi thu
gom cht thi nguy hi. Cht thi nguy hi phi c lu gi tm thi trong thit b
chuyn dng bo m khng r r, ri vi, pht tn ra mi trng. T chc, c nhn phi
c k hoch, phng tin phng, chng s c do cht thi nguy hi gy ra, khng ln
cht thi nguy hi vi cht thi thng thng. (iu 71 Lut bo v mi trng 2005)
+ Vic vn chuyn cht thi nguy hi phi bng thit b, phng tin chuyn dng
ph hp, i theo tuyn ng v thi gian do c quan c thm quyn v phn lung giao
thng quy nh. Ch nhng t chc, c nhn c giy php vn chuyn cht thi nguy hi
mi c tham gia vn chuyn. Phng tin vn chuyn cht thi nguy hi phi c thit
b phng, chng r r, ri vi, s c do cht thi nguy hi gy ra. T chc, c nhn vn
chuyn cht thi nguy hi phi chu trch nhim v tnh trng r r, ri vi xy ra s c
mi trng trong qu trnh vn chuyn, xp d. (iu 72 Lut bo v mi trng 2005)
39

+ Vic x l cht thi nguy hi phi tin hnh bng phng php, cng ngh, thit
b ph hp vi c tnh ha hc, l hc v sinh hc ca tng loi cht thi nguy hi
m bo t tiu chun mi trng. Trng hp trong nc khng c cng ngh, thit b
x l th phi lu gi theo quy nh ca php lut v hng dn ca c quan qun l nh
nc v bo v mi trng cho n khi cht thi c x l. Ch nhng t chc, c nhn
c c quan qun l nh nc c thm quyn cp giy php v m s hot ng mi
c tham gia x l cht thi nguy hi. T chc, c nhn u t xy dng c s x l
cht thi nguy hi phi lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng v thc hin yu cu v
bo v mi trng. Vic chuyn giao trch nhim x l cht thi nguy hi gia ch c
hot ng lm pht sinh cht thi v bn tip nhn trch nhim x l cht thi c thc
hin bng hp ng, c xc nhn ca c quan chuyn mn v bo v mi trng cp tnh.
Hp ng chuyn giao trch nhim x l cht thi nguy hi phi ghi r xut x, thnh
phn, chng loi, cng ngh x l, bin php chn lp cht thi cn li sau x l. (iu
73 Lut bo v mi trng 2005)
+ Vic thi b, chn lp cht thi nguy hi cn li sau khi x l phi c thc hin
theo quy nh ca php lut v hng dn ca c quan qun l nh nc c thm quyn
v bo v mi trng. Khu chn lp cht thi nguy hi phi p ng cc yu cu: c
b tr ng quy hoch, thit k theo yu cu k thut i vi khu chn lp cht thi nguy
hi. C khong cch an ton v i trng i vi khu dn c, khubaor tn thin nhin,
ngun nc mt, nc di t phc v mc ch sinh hot. C hng ro ngn cch v
bin hiu cnh bo. C k hoc v trang b phng nga v ng ph s c mi trng. Bo
m cc iu kin v v sinh mi trng, trnh pht tn kh c ra mi trng xung
quanh. (iu 74, 75 Lut bo v mi trng 2005)
Do cht thi nguy hi thng c ngun gc pht sinh t cc hot ng sn xut kinh
doanh thuc nhiu lnh vc khc nhau nn php lut mi trng cng quy nh trch
nhim ca nhiu loi c quan trong vic qun l loi cht thi ny.

{ (31) http://yeumoitruong.com/forum/showthread.php?4048-Ph%C3%A1p-lu%E1%BA%ADt-v
%E1%BB%81-qu%E1%BA%A3n-l%C3%BD-ch%E1%BA%A5t-th%E1%BA%A3i-nguy-h%E1%BA
%A1i }

40

PHN C

TNG KT

Thc phm c sn xut t thy hi sn l ngun cung cp nng lng, cc cht

dinh dng cn thit con ngi sng v pht trin. Th nhng loi thc phm ny
cng l ngun truyn bnh nguy him, nu nh khng bo m c v sinh v an ton.
V sinh an ton trong ch bin thy sn cng ang l vn bc xc ca mi ngi, bi
l v sinh an ton trong ch bin thy hi sn tc ng trc tip n sc khe cng nh
cht lng cuc sng con ngi v do nh hng n cht lng pht trin ca x hi
v doanh nghip sn xut. Cng tc qun l cht lng v sinh an ton trong ch bin
thy hi sn va l yu cu cp bch, va c tnh chin lc lu di, ng thi y cng
l mng cng tc rt rng ln v phc tp, an xen vi nhau bi rt nhiu hot ng. (32)
1. THC TRNG NG LO NGI V V SINH AN TON TRONG CH
BIN THY HI SN.

(33)

V sinh an ton trong ch bin thy hi sn l tp hp cc iu kin v bin php

cn thit to ra sn phm thc phm khng gy hi cho sc khe v tnh mng con
ngi. bo m cht lng v sinh an ton trong ch bin thy hi sn th tt c cc
khu trong chui bo m cht lng thc phm (t khu nui trng, nh bt, n sn
xut, ch bin, bo qun, vn chuyn, kinh doanh, s dng) u phi t v sinh v an
ton. Nu bt k khu no khng t yu cu th nguy ng c thc phm u c th xy
ra. Trch nhim bo m cht lng v sinh an ton trong ch bin thy hi sn l ca tt
c mi ngi trong doanh nghip, cc c s sn xut, ch bin.
Theo thng k ca T chc Y t Th gii (WHO), hin c hn 400 cc bnh ly
truyn qua thc phm khng an ton. VSATTP c t ln hng u ngh trnh ti
nhiu hi ngh y t v sc khe cng ng ton cu, nhng tnh hnh gn nh khng c
ci thin bao nhiu, nht l khi th gii lin tip xy ra thin tai v ngun nc sch ngy
cng him. Khi ngi dn khng c ming n th vic kim tra cht lng nhng g
m h n tr thnh iu kh xa vi. Tin s Margaret Chan, Tng Gim c T chc Y
t Th gii (WHO), cho bit mi thng Lin hip quc nhn c khong 200 bo co t
193 quc gia v cc trng hp thc phm b nhim c. B nhn mnh: "Mt ln na,
ti xin khng nh, VSATTP l vn chung ca c nhn loi ch khng ring mt nc
no".
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Theo WHO, mi nm ti M c 76.000.000 ngi b ng c thc phm, trong

c 325.000 trng hp phi nhp vin, t vong 5.000 ngi. Ti Anh, mi nm c 190 ca
ng c/1.000 dn. Nht Bn, c 100.000 ngi c 40 ca ng c thc phm mi nm.
Ti c, mi nm c 4,2 triu ngi b ng c thc phm. Ti Vit Nam, t nm 2005
n 2008 c nc c 761 v ng c, vi 26.596 ngi mc, t vong 226 v tnh n
thng 09/2009, trn ton quc c 111 v ng thc phm vi 4.128 ngi mc, 31 ngi
t vong. Ti Tin Giang, trong nm 2009 xy ra 10 v ng c vi 251 ngi mc v
cht 01 ngi, 02 v ng c thc phm tp th do n c ng, 2 v ng c thc phm
tp th xy ra m ci do thc n nhim vi sinh.
Cht lng v sinh an ton thc phm hin nay rt ng lo ngi, c rt nhiu
cc phng tin thng tin i chng phn nh. Vic s dng khng an ton v thuc tng
trng, khng sinh, ha cht trong chn nui thy hi sn hin nay cn kh ph bin.
Chng ta cng c nhng vng chn nui thc hin ng quy nh, nhng s lng v t
l v cng nh b. Thc phm ch bin t thy hi sn c cha cht c hoc c s
dng cht bo qun, ph gia, phm mu cng nghip c hi cho sc khe cng cn lu
hnh rt nhiu trn th trng nh nc mm c u-r, hi sn ti c p vi u-r
bo qun.
Mt s c s sn xut, ch bin thc phm cnh cng rnh hoc gn ao t, nc
ng rt mt v sinh; hoc s dng dng c lu tr, ch bin v cng d, bn. Cc c
quan chc nng thanh tra, kim tra pht hin trong mt c di; hng ngn tn thy hi
sn ng lnh hi thi (t c, tm, cua,...) ht hn s dng vn c ti ch a ra th
trng.
Nguyn nhn lm cho cc sn phm thc phm ch bin t thy hi sn khng an
ton gm thc phm nhim vi sinh c hi (vi khun, virus, k sinh, nm) l nguyn nhn
chnh yu gy nhiu trng hp ng c thc phm tp th v s dng nhng loi ha
cht, ph gia dng trong thy sn, cc sn phm thy hi sn khng ng quy nh gy
nh hng xu n sc kho ngi tiu dng (nh dng ha cht khng cho php, hoc
ha cht c php s dng trong ch bin thc phm, nhng li c dng qu hm
lng hoc cht c sinh ra trong qu trnh bo qun, ch bin, cha k mt s c t t
nhin).
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V chnh sch php lut, c rt nhiu cc vn bn quy nh, hng dn. Tuy c
rt nhiu vn bn, nhng va chng cho, khng phn nh r rng trch nhim qun l
gia cc b, ngnh li va thiu st, cha ph ht cc lnh vc, c khong trng gia cc
khu trong trch nhim qun l lin tc mt loi sn phm. Mt s lnh vc mi pht sinh
(nh thc phm chc nng, mt s c cht v vi cht) cha c hng dn qun l c
th, chi tit nn a phng rt kh thc hin.
Ni nh th khng c ngha l cng tc bo m cht lng v sinh an ton trong
ch bin thy hi sn ca chng ta ch ton l kh khn v hn ch. Tuy cn rt nhiu kh
khn, hn ch nhng chng ta thc hin rt nhiu cc hot ng, cng tc nhm bo
m cht lng an ton v sinh trong kh nng c c. Nhn chung, chng ta trin
khai thc hin tt nhng hot ng c bn ca cng tc bo m cht lng v sinh an
ton
2. XUT NHNG GII PHP Y MNH CNG TC QUN L
CHT LNG VSATTP

(34)

2.1. i vi b my qun l Nh nc
Hon chnh h thng php lut v v sinh an ton thc ph: Quc hi cn sm
ban hnh Lut An ton thc phm (hin cn d tho) v cc vn bn hng dn di
Lut kp thi, ph hp (quy nh tiu chun, quy chun). l hnh lang php l v c
s cc a phng xy dng nhng chnh sch, quy hoch, k hoch qun l cht
lng VSATTP.
Cng c b my t chc: B my t chc phi c h thng rng khp t Trung
ng n c c s (hin mi n tuyn tnh). cp phng x, phi tng cng h thng
thanh tra chuyn ngnh (y t, th y, nng nghip, qun l th trng) thanh tra kim tra
sn phm hng ha (hin mng li ny hin nay rt mng, kh c th m ng y
trch nhim c giao). Nn chng c mt y ban (khng phi l Ban ch o) ti mi
a phng iu phi chung m ng u l mt Ph ch tch UBND thng nht hnh
ng trong vic qun l cht lng sn phm hng ha, trnh dn tri, n y trch
nhim, lng ph tin ca v nhn lc.
Tng cng ngun lc: Nhn lc phi s lng, mnh v cht lng. C s
hot ng, cc phng tin lm vic, trang thit b phi c tp trung u t, to mi
iu kin thun li cho hot ng lin tc 24/24 (ging nh trc cp cu trong bnh vin
43

hoc trc phng chng dch). u t nng cao nng lc kim nghim ca cc c s ti
a phng. Nghin cu b tr kinh ph cho hot ng v ngang tm vi nhim v
c giao. Quan tm n chnh sch, ch i ng i vi cn b thc hin nhim v
bo m cht lng an ton v sinh thc phm.
y mnh hot ng chuyn mn, nghip v: Tng cng tp hun, o to, nng
cao trnh cn b lm cng tc bo m cht lng v sinh an ton thc phm ni
chung v trong ch bin thy hi sn ni ring. y mnh cng tc truyn thng, gio dc
dc sc khe cho mi ngi v xem y l mt trong nhng gii php c bn, lu di. T
chc khm sc khe, thm thm nh, cp giy chng nhn iu kin v sinh thc
phm cho cc c s ch bin thy hi sn. Tng cng thanh tra, kim tra v x l
nghim tc tt c nhng trng hp vi phm. Tranh th hp tc quc t l cc k cn
thit.
2.2. i vi nhng ngi chn nui, cc nh sn xut, ch bin, kinh doanh
Nhng ngi nui trng thy hi sn, cc nh sn xut, ch bin, kinh doanh phi
tun th cc quy nh v v sinh an ton thc phm trong sn xut v lu hnh sn phm
ng theo tiu chun cht lng cng b hoc c chng nhn hp chun, hp
quy. Khng c s dng ho cht ph gia ngoi danh sch cho php, nguyn liu, ha
cht ph gia khng c ngun gc r rng. Tng cng hp tc vi i ng cc nh khoa
hc Vit Nam, p dng khoa hc cng ngh hin i, xy dng v trit tun th h
thng qun l cht lng tin tin trong sn xut to ra c sn phm m bo v
sinh an ton trong ch bin c sc cnh tranh mnh, p ng ngy cng cao an ton
cho ngi tiu dng.
Chin dch truyn thng v cht lng v sinh an ton thc phm nm 2010 c bit
ch trng n vic cao vai tr trch nhim ca ca doanh nghip trong vic thc hin
cc quy nh v sinh an ton thc phm, nn ch "Thng hnh ng v cht lng v
sinh an ton thc phm" nm 2010 l: "Gi vng cam kt v trch nhim ca doanh
nghip vi An ton v sinh thc phm".
2.3. i vi ngi tiu dng
cc nc pht trin, ngi tiu dng rt quan tm n cht lng hng ha, c
bit cht lng thc phm, do to c sc p rt ln trn nh sn xut cng nh nh
qun l. Ngi tiu dng Vit Nam chc chn cng c yu cu bc xc v cht lng
44

hng ha, tuy nhin do cuc sng cn khng t kh khn cho nn yu cu v cht lng
vn cha mnh c th to sc p hu hiu trn sn xut. V vy, ngi tiu dng
phi bit t bo v mnh khi chn mua v s dng thc phm. Tuyt i khng n ung
ti cc im mt v sinh. Thn trng vi nhng mn mm ch bin v cc mn n sng.
Ngi tiu dng cng phi nghin cu hiu r quyn li v ngha v ca mnh trong vic
thc hin cc quy nh v bo m v sinh an ton thc phm. Bit cch chn mua, ch
bin, bo qun v tiu dng thc phm an ton. Cn tm c v 10 nguyn tc vng ch
bin thc phm an ton. Ngoi ra, cn u tranh vi cc hnh vi vi phm v an ton v
sinh thc phm v khai bo khi b ng c thc phm v cc bnh truyn qua thc phm.
2.4. i vi c quan truyn thng, Hi Bo v quyn li ngi tiu dng, cc
hi khoa hc v k thut c lin quan
Thng qua nhiu hot ng a dng v phong ph, nng cao kin thc cho ngi
tiu dng v cho c ngi sn xut, c bit cc kin thc v cht lng hng ha, v v
sinh an ton thc phm. Gip cho ngi sn xut lun ci tin cht lng hng sn xut,
ngi bun bn l hiu nhng nguyn tc gi hng ha lun lun m bo. Gip ngi
tiu dng bit cch chn la hng ha. Pht huy vai tr t vn phn bin, gim nh x
hi trong lnh vc chuyn mn ca cc hi, hip hi.
m bo v sinh an ton trong ch bin thy hi sn ng vai tr rt quan trng
trong chin lc ca c doanh nghip bo v sc khe con ngi v cnh tranh vi cc
doanh nghip khc. Vic bo m v sinh trong ch bin thy hi sn khng nhng cung
ng ngun dinh dng tt cho cuc sng, lm gim gnh nng bnh tt, tng cng kh
nng v hiu sut lao ng m cn gp phn pht trin kinh t, vn ha, x hi, th hin
np sng vn minh ca mt t nc. Bo m cht lng v sinh trong ch bin thy hi
sn ch c th thc hin tt nu c nhng bin php ph hp, ng b v quyt tm thc
hin t ngi qun l, ngi sn xut, ch bin, kinh doanh, n cc Hi KHKT, Hi
Bo v quyn li ngi tiu dng v c ngi tiu dng.

{ (32) (33) (34) http://www.tiengiang.gov.vn/xemtin.asp?cap=3&id=12439&idcha=1001 }

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PHN D.

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Gio trnh: An ton v sinh thc phm trng i hc cng nghip tp. HCM
2. http://tamnhin.net/xuctienthuongmai/5571/Tang-cuong-dam-bao-an-toan-vesinh-hang-thuy-san-.html
3. http://cafef.vn/20110126090747925CA39/nafiqad-luu-y-an-toan-ve-sinh-hangthuy-san-xuat-khau.chn
4. http://www.congthuongbentre.gov.vn/home/dieu-kien-an-toan-ve-sinh-thuy-sanviet-nam-tuong-duong-nhat-ban-W317.htm
5. http://www.dkptimex.com/df/tin-tuc/vsat-thuc-pham/tang-cuong-dam-bao-antoan-ve-sinh-hang-thuy-san.html
6. http://www.tin247.com/kien_quyet_khong_de_dn_thuy_san_tai_pham-321270737.html
7. http://www.tiengiang.gov.vn/xemtin.asp?cap=3&id=12439&idcha=1001
8. http://osinviet.com/services/
9. http://www.angi.com.vn/Desktop.aspx/Content/44/1267/
10. http://www.iso.com.vn/consultant.php?consultid=15&parent=4
11. http://tusach.thuvienkhoahoc.com/wiki/V%E1%BB%87_sinh_an_to
%C3%A0n_th%E1%BB%B1c_ph%E1%BA%A9m
12. http://hanoimoi.com.vn/newsdetail/LS-bandoc/527048/%C4%91ieu-kien-baodam-an-toan-thuc-pham-trong-san-xuat-kinh-doanh-bao-quan-va-van-chuyen-thucpham.htm
13. http://agriviet.com/home/threads/21442-Mot-so-nguyen-tac-dam-bao-an-toanve-sinh-doi-voi-ao-dam-nuoi-trong-thuy-san#axzz1lNaF9Oiw
14. http://www.binhdienmarket.com.vn/an-toan-thuc-pham/nganh-hang-thuysan.html
15. http://www.cand.com.vn/vi-VN/kinhte/2012/1/163947.cand
16. http://www.clfish.com/inc/haccpv/ssop/
17. www.seajocovietnam.com.vn

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