Polyphosphate 2012

M c L c
1. GII THIU CHUNG V POLYPHOSPATE ............................................................... 3 1.1 Khi nim polyphosphate ................................................................................................ 3 1.2. Tnh cht[2] ...................................................................................................................... 4 1.3. Cng dng[3] ................................................................................................................... 5 2. PHN LOI POLYPHOSPHATE ................................................................................... 6 2.1. Phn loi theo cng thc cu to .................................................................................... 6 2.2. Theo s loi polyphosphat c trong sn phm ............................................................... 8 3. MT S NG DNG IN HNH CA POLYPHOSPHATE .................................. 9 3.1. Tnh hnh s dng polyphosphate trong ch bin thc phm hin nay[6] ....................... 9 3.2. Polyphosphate trong cng ngh ch bin tht ............................................................... 10 3.2.1. Cng dng ca polyphosphate trong cng ngh ch bin tht ............................... 10 3.2.2. Cc tiu ch chn polyphosphate trong cng ngh ch bin tht............................ 11 3.2.3. Mt s loi polyphosphate phi trn dng trong ch bin tht .............................. 12 3.3. Polyphosphate trong cng ngh ch bin thy sn....................................................... 13 3.4. Polyphosphate trong cng ngh sn xut m n lin .................................................... 14 3.5. Polyphosphate trong cng ngh sn xut sa ............................................................... 15 3.5.1 i vi cng ngh sn xut b................................................................................ 15 3.5.2 i vi cng ngh sn xut kem ............................................................................. 16 3.5.3 i vi cng ngh sn xut pho-mt ...................................................................... 17 4. PHNG PHP NH LNG POLYPHOSPHATE TRONG CC SN PHM THY HI SN:[7] ............................................................................................................... 17 4.1. Phm vi p dng ........................................................................................................... 17 ng Th M Duyn Page 1

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Polyphosphate 2012
4.2. Phng php tham chiu .............................................................................................. 18 4.3. Nguyn tc .................................................................................................................... 18 4.4. Phng php tin hnh ................................................................................................. 18 4.4.1. Chun b mu th ................................................................................................... 19 4.4.2. Chun b mu trng ................................................................................................ 19 4.4.3. Lm sch dch chit................................................................................................ 19 4.4.4. Tin hnh phn tch trn my sc k ion ............................................................... 19 4.4.5. Yu cu v tin cy ca php phn tch .............................................................. 20 4.5. Tnh kt qu .................................................................................................................. 21 5. SO SNH POLYPHOSPHATE VI CC MT S CHT TNG T................ 21 Ti liu tham kho .................................................................................................................. 24

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Polyphosphate 2012
1. GII THIU CHUNG V POLYPHOSPATE 1.1 Khi nim polyphosphate Polyphosphate (hay cn gi l bt Accord) y l 1 loi ph gia an ton v c dng trong ch bin thc phm. Vit Nam n c dng thay th hn the.

Polyphosphate (PolyPs) c hnh thnh theo chun tip chung l M(n+2)PnO(3n+1). Cc anion ca n to thnh mt chui m trong mi nguyn t ca nguyn t phosphorus lin kt vi phn t k cn thng qua hai nguyn t ca nguyn t oxygen. Do , polyphosphate to thnh mt cu trc khng phn nhnh, c th biu din di dng biu trong hnh di y[1].

Hnh: Minh ha cu trc ca polyphosphate, hai tiu n v trong cu trc polyphosphate lin kt vi nhau bng nguyn t ca nguyn t oxygen. Khng phi hp cht polyphosphate no cng c th tn ti dng tinh th. L do m mui Graham (mui polyphosphate ca Natri khi n khong 102) khng th kt tinh c l v cu trc ny lun c s tn ti ca nhiu chui polyphosphate ch khc nhau di. Hn na, di cc chui polyphosphate gn bng nhau ca chng khin s kt tinh cng kh c th xy ra bi v s ko di chui khng thun li v mt nng lng do cc chui c th thay th ln nhau v trt t khi qu trnh kt tinh ha xy ra. Ngoi ra, yu t nh

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Polyphosphate 2012
hng n di ti a m cc hp cht polyphosphate c kh nng kt tinh l s tng phn cc ca phn t. 1.2. Tnh cht[2] Tt c mui kim ca polyphosphate u tan trong nc trong kali pyrophosphate tan rt nhiu, 100 g nc c th ha tan n 187.4 g K4P2O7. Tuy nhin, nhm mui Kurrol v Maddrell (i tinh th phn t natri polyphosphate) li khng tan trong nc, ring nhm mui Kurrol tan c trong dung dch mui kim ha tr I (tr mui ca K+). Cc polyphosphate n nh trong dung dch nc trung tnh hn cc phosphate phn nhnh nhit phng. S thy phn ca lin kt P-O-P trong chui polyphosphate i hi n 10 kcal/mol. Cc polyphosphate thy phn rt chm pH trung tnh v nhit phng vi thi gian bn hy ca lin kt P-O-P ln ti vi nm.

Hnh: M t s thy phn c qui lut ca polyphosphate Kh nng thy phn ca hai loi hp cht ny s tng ln khi tng nhit , gim pH hoc cho thm cc cht keo hay cc cation nng vo dung dch. Cc nghin cu ch ra rng cc hp cht polyphosphate thy phn tun theo quy lut nhit ng, sn phm thng l mt phn t orthophosphate v mt cyclicphosphate. Vo nm 1958, Van Wazer chng minh c rng kh nng thy phn cc hp cht ny ph thuc vo s phn cc ca dung mi.

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Polyphosphate 2012
1.3. Cng dng[3] C tc dng lm cho thnh phm dai v gin, c dng trong cc mn nh: gi, ch, nem nng, ...

Cc tc dng tt ca Polyphosphate: Polyphosphates c s dng nh mt ph gia: cht n nh, cht lm ng, v cht nh ho. To phc vi ion kim loi. Kh nng gi nc. n nh nh tng. Gy n. Dng lm dung dch m. Cc tc dng xu ca Polyphosphate (nu s dng qu liu lng): - Lm cho sn phm c cu trc nh cao su. - Hm lng polyphosphates >0.3 gy v cht. - Lm cho sn phm c v tanh ng, c cm gic nga li. - Hm lng ln nh hng n sc kho: au bng, tiu chy. Lu dng cho php: - Ch s dng 3g/ 1kg tht. - Vit Nam, theo quyt nh s 760-2000-B Thu sn cho php s dng polyphosphate (sodium, potassium) vi hm lng ti a cho php l: 5g/kg. ng Th M Duyn Page 5

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Polyphosphate 2012
Mt s mui ca polyphosphate thng gp v cng dng ca chng[4]:
INS Ting Vit 452v Amoni polyphosphat Tn ph gia Ting Anh Ammonium Polyphosphates iu chnh axit, bo qun, to xp, chng ng vn, n nh mu, chng oxy ha, to phc kim loi, nh ha, iu v, lm rn chc, x l bt, lm m, n nh, lm dy. 452iv 452i 452ii 452iii Canxi polyphosphat Natri polyphosphat Kali polyphosphat Natri canxi polyphosphat Calcium Polyphosphates Sodium Polyphosphates Potassium Polyphosphates Sodium calcium polyphosphates Nh ha, n nh, iu chnh axit, to xp. Tng t nh Amoni polyohosphate (tr kh nng nh ha). Tng t nh Amoni polyohosphate (tr kh nng to phc kim loi). Chc nng

2. PHN LOI POLYPHOSPHATE 2.1. Phn loi theo cng thc cu to Cng thc phn t ca polyphosphat l M(n+2)PnO(3n+1) (n 2), c cu to t nhiu gc orthophosphat PO43- (gi tt l phosphat). M c th l hydro hay kim loi kim v kim th. Diphosphat (n = 2) hay cn gi l pyrophosphat (E 450), anion diphosphat P2O74- l anion polyphosphat n gin nht, ngoi ra pyrophosphat cn tn ti di dng cc anion H3P2O4-, H2P2O42- (dng ny him gp), HP2O43-.

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Polyphosphate 2012

Pyrophosphat c kh nng thy phn to thnh orthophosphat: sau phn ng to ra ion H + nn pH ca dung dch gim. Khi nhit tng th tc thy phn tng, trong dung dch kim tc thy phn chm hn nhiu so vi mi trng acid. Mui Na4P2O7 l mui thy phn km nht nn n l mui bn nht. P2O74- + H2O 2PO43- + 2H+ Ngoi kh nng thy phn, pyrophosphat cn c kh nng to phc vi ion kim loi, nn n c kh nng lm mm nc cng. Na4P2O7 + Mg2+ Na2(MgP2O7) + 2Na+ Triphosphat (n = 3) hay cn gi l tripolyphosphat (E 451), P3O105- l anion ca acid H5P3O10.

Ging nh pyrophosphat, tripolyphosphat cng c kh nng thy phn to thnh orthophosphat, diphosphat v ion H+ lm gim pH dung dch, tuy nhin qu trnh thy phn ca triphosphat chm hn diphosphat. 2P3O105- + 2H2O 3P2O74- + 4H+ P3O105- + 2H2O 3PO43- + 4H+ Kh nng to phc ca tripolyphosphat cng tng t nh pyrophosphat. n = 4 n 50: ngi ta gi l oligophosphat n > 50: gi l polyphosphat (E 452). Trong : n vo khong 102 v cation l Na+ ta c mui Graham n vo khong 2104 v cation l Ca2+ ta c mui Kurrol ng Th M Duyn Page 7

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Polyphosphate 2012
Tn gi Pyrophosphat disodium Pyrophosphat tetresodium Triphosphat pentesodium Pentaphosphat heptasodium Metaphosphat Pyrophosphat tetrapotassium Cng thc Na2P2O7 Na4P2O5 Na5P3O10 Na7P5O16 (NaPO4)n K 4 P2 O 5 % P2O5 63.9 53.4 57.9 62 69.6 43.2 pH trong dung dch 1% 4 4.3 10 10.5 > 9.2 8.2 8.6 6.3 7.5 10.3

2.2. Theo s loi polyphosphat c trong sn phm Phosphate n: ch dng duy nht 1 loi polyphosphat c trong sn phm. Phosphate phi trn: trong sn phm ngi ta dng kt hp nhiu loi polyphosphate kt hp vi nhau to ra sn phm c cht lng ng nht. Do mi loi phosphat c tc dng, pH, thi gian tc ng v kh nng ha tan khc nhau. Ngi ta thng chia phosphate phi trn thnh 3 loi: Superbind K70: (E 451, E 452) c dng bt tinh th mu trng. pH = 8,8 v P2O5 t 56 58. Superbind K70 c u im: To nh tng ng nht c kt nh cao, khi nh tng bn v chm kh mt v to dai gin v gim hao ht sau khi nu. Thng dng cho cc sn phm qua giai on xay nh nh gi la, xc xch, c vin, b vin, heo vin, nem chuaLng s dng 0.3 - 0.5% (3 5 gram/kg sn phm) do superbind K70 nhanh chng kch hot protei, to n nh cho nh tng tht, tng tnh gin dai sau khi nu. Superbind P220 (E 451, E 452) c dng bt tinh th mu trng. pH = 8,9 v P2O5= 58%. c im khc bit ca sn phm ny so vi cc polyphosphate khc l ha tan rt nhanh trong nc iu kin lnh O0C. u im ca superbind P220 l to khi sn phm ng nht, rn chc, mng nc, mu p sau khi nu. Gim hin tng hao ht trng lng sau khi nu, tng hiu sut ch bin. Loi b dng da lm cht kt dnh, to cm quan b mt ng Th M Duyn Page 8

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Polyphosphate 2012
ct p hn. Tht ming c p hoc tim dung dch ny s to ra nhanh chng lp keo dnh protein trn b mt tht gip to khi dm-bng sn chc sau khi nu. Lng s dng 0,3 0,5% (3 5 gram/kg sn phm) trn tng trng lng tht v dung dch p. Superbind P270: Dng bt mn trng n trng ng, c mi nh c trng. Hn hp ca E 450, E 451, E 316, E 621, E 250 v mt s hng liu... c hm lng P2O5 = 28 - 28.50% v pH = 8.8. u im ca superbind P270 l ha tan rt nhanh trong nc ngay trong iu kin nc lnh OC. To khi lin kt rn chc ca sn phm, gim hao ht sau khi nu. Mu sn phm p, hng v hp dn. B s dng da heo lm cht kt dnh qua lm tng tnh cm quan b mt lt ct. superbind P270 c dng trong sn xut da bao, dm-bng to lin kt cht ch gia cc ming tht vi nhau. Liu s dng: 1,0 - 1,2% (10 - 12g/kg) trn tng khi lng tht nguyn liu v nc tim. Sau y, chng ti xin gii thiu mt s ng dng tiu biu ca polyphosphate trong cng ngh thc phm. 3. MT S NG DNG IN HNH CA POLYPHOSPHATE 3.1. Tnh hnh s dng polyphosphate trong ch bin thc phm hin nay[6] Do mi loi phosphate (orthor, di-, tri-, polyphosphate) c mt vi u im ring, v d nh diphosphate c kh nng hydrat ho tt hn so vi nhng74 loi phosphate khc nhng kh nng to phc chilat ca n khng ni tri, kh nng ha tan trong nc v dung dch NaCl ca n khng cao so vi Natri, Kali ca cc phosphate mch di. Do , khi s dng phosphate lm cht ph gia thc phm, cc nh sn xut khng n thun ch s dng mt loi phosphate m c s phi trn ca nhiu loi phosphate khc nhau. V d: cng ty Europhos c cc sn phm Carnal, Abastol, Carfosel l hn hp mui Kali, natri ca di-, tri-phosphate v di-, ployphosphate hoc i-, tri- v polyphosphate dng cho cc sn phm khc nhau dng trong ch bin tht, c,... Do , Polyphosphate l dng hn hp nhiu loi phosphate c sn xut thch hp cho tng ng dng. ng Th M Duyn Page 9

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Polyphosphate 2012
3.2. Polyphosphate trong cng ngh ch bin tht Trong cng ngh ch bin tht c mt ph gia quan trng khng th thiu c l polyphosphate. Vo thi im pht hin c tnh ca hn the v sau l sut mt thi gian di vi n lc ty chay vic s dng ha cht c hi ny, polyphosphate c coi nh loi ph gia cho php s dng thay th hn the. V vy cho nn polyphosphate lc y c gi l ph gia to gin dai. Tuy nhin vic s dng polyphosphate mang li nhiu hiu qu hn chng ta tng.

3.2.1. Cng dng ca polyphosphate trong cng ngh ch bin tht Phosphate c chc nng iu chnh pH tc ng trc tip ln trn m protein ca tht gy ra cc hiu qu nh sau: Ngn chn qu trnh oxid ha gi mu ti ca tht v cc sn phm tht ch bin. Lm gin cc si c qua lm tht mm hn, do hn. To ra nhiu m protein ha tan qua gia tng kt dnh ca sn phm. Tng kh nng gi nc ca tht. Gia tng hng v thm ngon t nhin ca tht, ngn nga hnh thnh cc mi v l do qu trnh oxid ha to nn. Ngn nga vi khun pht trin nn c chc nng ko di thi gian bo qun.

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Polyphosphate 2012
Tm li phosphate to c gin dai ca sn phm tht ch bin do lm tht do hn, kt dnh nhiu hn v gi nc tt hn. Do ngn chn qu trnh oxid ha lm tht khng b xung mu, tng hng v t nhin v ngn cn vi khun, nm mc pht trin nn phosphate cn c vai tr l cht bo qun. 3.2.2. Cc tiu ch chn polyphosphate trong cng ngh ch bin tht Trong qu trnh ch bin tht cn c mt hn hp phosphate c kh nng b tr ln nhau trong vic iu chnh pH, kh nng ha tan, thi gian tng tc. Hn na cht lng tht thng xuyn thay i qua cc t cung cp hng, do tui ca vt nui khc nhau, cch nui khc nhau, ging loi khc nhau. V vy cn thit phi c mt loi phosphate linh hot c kh nng b tr ln nhau trong vic iu chnh pH, kh nng ha tan, thi gian tng tc to ra sn phm c cht lng ng nht v l u im ca phosphate phi trn. Cc loi Superbind K70. Superbind P220 v Superbind P270 u tha mn cc yu cu ny Cc tiu ch di y chn c loi phosphate ph hp: Yu cu s dng: Dng cho xay nh tng to gin dai (nh lm gi la, nem) hay dng cho p tht to do tng kt dnh. Nu dng cho p tht s phi cn loi c ha tan cao nhng li c tc tng tc vi protein chm. V d Neo FoodTech Co. ang cho bn Superbind K70 cho nhm to gin dai v Superbind P220 cho nhm tng kt dnh v to do. Tng hng v v mu sc sn phm: c loi phosphate lm tng hng v v mu sc ca sn phm, c loi to mi l, ti mu v c v cht. V d cc dng sn phm phosphate phi trn mang thng hiu Superbind u c cha mt loi phosphate chuyn lm gia tng hng v v mu sc t nhin ca tht v c bit khng to hu v cht kh chu. Tng kt cu ca sn phm: sn phm t yu cu l phi t gin dai v mng nc, gim tht thot trng lng sau khi nu n mc ti a ca thnh phm cui cng.

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Polyphosphate 2012
Ko di thi gian bo qun: c dng phosphate c chc nng c ch s pht trin ca vi sinh vt mt mc nht nh no . Vic s dng th nghim mt loi sn phm phosphate no cn phi lu t im ny. Tm li: khi nh gi ton b cht lng ca mt sn phm phosphate cn phi da vo 4 tiu ch trn y. Nhng sn phm r tin thng thiu mt hay nhiu tiu ch ny. 3.2.3. Mt s loi polyphosphate phi trn dng trong ch bin tht Tn polyphosphate Superbind P220 K70 Superbind P270 Cng dng To gin, dai, tng kh nng gi nc, to kt dnh. To do, gin dai,tng kh nng gi nc Gi nc, to kt dnh, to mi v c trng Gi ch, c vin, xc xch,,... Jambon, tht ngui,... Da bao, jambon,.. ng dng

Mt s sn phm t tht c dng polyphosphate: Ch la

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Polyphosphate 2012
Jambon_tht ngui

Xc xch

3.3. Polyphosphate trong cng ngh ch bin thy sn Cc u im quan trng ca s dng phosphate trong cng ngh ch bin thy sn l: Gia tng kh nng gi nc ca protein c bp hot tnh actomyosin. Gim tc thot nc trong qu trnh ch bin v gii ng sn phm, gi li cc cht dinh dng t nhin, ngn nga s di chuyn ca m trong qu trnh gii ng, gia nhit v bo qun. N lm tng lng nc v gim s ni bt, do , gi m t nhin ca sn phm tt hn, ci thin cu trc v mm. Hn na, n l tc nhn to Chilat tt vi ion Mg2+ v Ca2+ nu s dng nc cng cht bin, dn n s gi nc tt hn. Kim sot gi tr pH cho qu trnh gi nc ti u (bi s trng ca protein) v qu trnh to mu. ng Th M Duyn Page 13

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Polyphosphate 2012
Gim s bin cht do oxy ha trong qu trong qu trnh ch bin, gim cc tc nhn gy ra mi i, mu sc khng mong i v bo ton hng v, mu sc v cu trc cho sn phm. Ngoi ra, phosphate cn c cc tc dng sau: Ngn nga s to thnh tinh th cy kim MgNH4PO4 (ging nh cc ming thy tinh trong cc sn phm hi sn ng hp nh c ng, cua ng hp. Ngn nga s lm mm b mt ca protein b bin cht, c bit vi c hi c lnh ng trc khi ng hp hoc bo qun nc trong mt thi gian di. X l phosphate trc khi bc v tm s gip cho vic gi tht v v tm d dng v do lng tht s tng.

3.4. Polyphosphate trong cng ngh sn xut m n lin Trong sn xut m n lin, khi bt nho ch cho php c cha mt lng nc ti thiu, bi nu lng nc cao th qu trnh chin v sy kh s tn nhiu thi gian, gy lng ph nng lng. Mt khc, khi bt nho phi trn v d cn to thnh lp. iu ny ch t khi khi bt c cu trc ng nht v cc nguyn liu c trn v thm m ng u. c bit gluten bt m phi n nh v n trong mt thi gian ngn khi bt m c tnh do dai. Bn cnh , si m khi nu khng c trng n qu mc. p ng cc nhu cu trn, cc nh sn xut m n lin thng chn phosphate lm cht ph gia. Phosphate c c tnh trn l do chng c kh nng lin kt vi nhm OH c trong tinh bt cng nh bt m, ng Th M Duyn Page 14

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Polyphosphate 2012
do cc phn t trong khi bt nho s lin kt cht vi nhau hn v lm iu ny s gim trng n ca tinh bt v bt m.

V d: Vi sn phm m gi Udon hng v Nht Bn (sn phm ca cng ty c phn Acecook Vit Nam) s dng phosphate di dng pentasodium triphosphate (E451i) l mt trong nhng cht ph gia ca m. 3.5. Polyphosphate trong cng ngh sn xut sa Cc cht ph gia nhm olyphosphate c s dng rt ph bin trong cng ngh ch bin sa, mc ch ca vic dng polyphosphate l: iu chnh acid, to xp, chng ng vn trong x l bt, n nh mu, chng oxi ha, cht nh ha, cht iu v, cht lm m, ... 3.5.1 i vi cng ngh sn xut b - Cht chng oxi ha thng l: Natri polyphosphate, Kali polyphosphate, Mononatri orthophosphate, monocanxi orthophosphate, sodium alumimim phosphate acid. - Cht chng ng t: di tc dng ca nhit phosphate s b ng t, do ngi ta thng b sung vo sa: disodium phospahte hay trisodium phosphate. Mc ch chnh l lm cn bng hm lng cation v anion c trong sa.

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Polyphosphate 2012
- Cht n nh to cu trc sn phm: ngi ta thng s dng natri polyphosphate hay kali polyphosphate trnh hin tng tch bo, tch mui trong qu trnh bo qun.

Hnh: B frais 3.5.2 i vi cng ngh sn xut kem - Cht nh ha: thng l nhng phn t c nhm chc a nc v a bo, tp trung ti b mt tip xc gia pha phn tn v pha lin tc lm gim sc cng b mt n nh nh tng. Cc cht nh ha cho vo sa dng trong cng ngh sn xut kem thng l nhm phosphate, ngoi ra cn c mt s cht khc vi hm lng thp.

Hnh: cc sn phm kem c s dng polyphosphate ng Th M Duyn Page 16

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Polyphosphate 2012
- Cht n nh: l nhng hp cht c th lin kt vi mt s lng ln cc phn t nc v lm gim s phn t nc dng t do, qua gi c mi hng v mu sc t nhin ca kem. 3.5.3 i vi cng ngh sn xut pho-mt to cu trc gel cho pho-mt, trc y ngi ta s dng hn hp trisodium citrate, sodium bicarbonat, acid citric. Ngy nay nhiu ph gia mi xut hin, thng dng nht to cu trc gel cho pho-mt l: nhm sodium polyphosphate(E450) v nhm sodium orthophosphate(E339)

Hnh: Cc loi pho-mt Tuy nhin, vic s dng ph gia thc phm phi c s dng mt mc va phi v vi liu lng cho php m bo an ton cho ngi s dng. Do , vic xc nh hm lng ca ph gia ni chung v polyphosphate ni ring l rt quan trng. Sau y, chng em xin gii thiu mt s phng php phn tch polyphospahte. 4. PHNG PHP NH LNG POLYPHOSPHATE TRONG CC SN PHM THY HI SN:[7] 4.1. Phm vi p dng

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Polyphosphate 2012

Thnh phn c bn ca sc k ion

H thng sc k ion Metrohm IC850

Tiu chun ny quy nh phng php xc nh hm lng mui polyphosphate bao gm orthophosphat (monophosphate), pyrophosphate (iphosphate), tripolyphosphate trong thy sn v sn phm thy sn bng sc k ion. 4.2. Phng php tham chiu Tiu chun ny c xy dng da theo phng php ca Trung tm Ha hc t php quc gia ca Cc Thc phm dc phm Hoa K (National Forensic Chemistry Center, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Cincinnati, Ohio: Determination of tripolyphosphate and related hydrolysis products in processed shrimp). 4.3. Nguyn tc Polyphosphat trong mu thy sn c chit tch bng nc ct kh ion. Dch chit c lm sch bng phng php chit pha rn (SPE) trn ct chit pha rn C18. Hm lng polyphosphat c trong dch chit c xc nh trn my sc k ion s dng h thng phn ng sau ct vi tc cht phn ng l st nitrat trong axit percloric v u d UV ti bc sng l l 330 cm theo phng php ngoi chun. 4.4. Phng php tin hnh

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Polyphosphate 2012
4.4.1. Chun b mu th Cn chnh xc 0,5 g mu thy sn (k hiu m) c ng nht vo trong chai nha dung tch 100 ml. Thm 50 ml nc ct kh ion vo trong chai ri lc mnh trong 30 pht trn my lc mu. Sau , ly tm chai trong 10 pht tc 3000 vng/pht trn my ly tm. Lc dch chit qua mng lc mu loi 0,45. 4.4.2. Chun b mu trng Tin hnh chun b mu trng ging nh chun b i vi mu th nhng thay 0,5 g thy sn bng 0,5 ml nc ct kh ion. 4.4.3. Lm sch dch chit Ni ct chit pha rn C18 vo u ra ca mt xilanh thy tinh 100 ml. Thm ln lt 10 ml metanol + 10 ml nc ct kh ion vo xanh thy tinh. Loi b dung dch chy qua ct. Cho dch chit thu c ti mu th v mu trng vo cc ct C18 c chun b. Sau khi cho dch chit vo ct, thu dch ra khi ct vo bnh nh mc 100 ml ( b 2 ml u). Sau , trng ra bnh cha 3 ln, mi ln bng 2ml nc ct kh ion. Cho nc trng qua ct ri gom dch qua ct vo bnh nh mc trn. nh mc ti vch bng nc ct (k hiu v). Tin hnh phn tch cc dch thu c trn my sc k ion. 4.4.4. Tin hnh phn tch trn my sc k ion t ch lm vic cho my sc k ion nh sau: + Ct sc k ion: Dionex IonPac (L x ID: 250 x 4 mm, tin ct IonPac NG1(L x ID: 4 x 50mm). + Nhit ct: Nhit trong phng. + Pha ng: Dung dch axit Nitric 70 mm. + Tc dng: 0,5 ml/pht. + Bc sng ci t cho u d UV l 330 nm + Th tch tim: 100 ml ng Th M Duyn Page 19

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Polyphosphate 2012
- iu kin trong h thng phn ng sau ct: + Tc nhn: 1g/l st nitrat trong axit Percloric 2 %. Tc dng l 0,5 ml/pht: + Nhit phn ng trong ng teflon nhit trong phng. n nh ct sc k trong 30 pht bng pha ng. Tim cc dung dch chun vo my sc k: Mi dung dch tim 2 ln, tnh din tch pic trung bnh. Dng ng chun biu th mi quan h gia cc chiu cao pic thu c v nng tng loi phosphat theo quan h tuyn tnh bc 1 (phng trnh y = ax + b). Tim dung dch mu th v dung dch mu trn vo my sc k: cc mu c lm sch, mi mu 2 ln. Tnh kt qu thu c.
S lp t h thng sau ct

4.4.5. Yu cu v tin cy ca php phn tch lch chun (CVS) tnh theo din tch pic sc k ca 2 ln tim cng mt dung dch chun pyrophosphat 10 m g/ml v 25m g/ml phi nh hn 1,2 %. ng chun i vi mi loi phosphat phi c tuyn tnh tt, h s tng quan hi quy tuyn tnh (R2) phi ln hn hoc bng 0,99. Khong tuyn tnh: ng Th M Duyn Page 20

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Polyphosphate 2012
a) Ortophosphate: 10 - 100 m g/ml b) Pyrophosphate: 0,5 - 50 m g/ml c) Tripolyphosphate: 10 - 500 m g/ml. 4.5. Tnh kt qu Hm lng cc phosphate c trong mu c tnh trn c s ng chun thu c. Vi ng chun dng y = ax + b, hm lng cc phosphate c trong mu c tnh theo cng thc sau: = Trong : C l nng cc phosphate c trong mu, tnh theo m g/g Y l hiu s gia din tch pic ca dch chit v din tch pic c trong mu trng tim vo my, tnh theo n v din tch. a, b l cc thng s ca ng chun c xc nh. F l h s pha long mu v c gi tr bng t s gia th tch dch chit thu c sau khi lm sch v) v khoa lng mu m s dng. 5. SO SNH POLYPHOSPHATE VI CC MT S CHT TNG T Trong k thut ch bin thc phm, ngi ta thng dng nhng ph gia to cho thc phm c dai, gin v bo qun c lu ngy. Cht ph gia thng c ni n l hn the. Tuy nhin, hn the li lm tn thng ngi tiu dng. V vy c thc phm an ton, ngi tiu dng cn bit n nhng ph gia khc l Polyphosphate v PDP. S c hi ca hn the: Hn the l ph gia cho sn phm sn chc, c gin, dai, lm ngon ming, c th bo qun thc phm lu ngy khng b thiu thi. Hn the c tn ng Th M Duyn Page 21

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Polyphosphate 2012
thng mi l borax, rt c hi. Cht hn the khi n vo c th ch c 85% c o thi ra ngoi, cn 15% tch t trong m m, thn kinh, c th gy tn thng gan, thoi ha c quan sinh sn. Vi ph n mang thai, hn the o thi qua sa, nhau thai, nh hng khng tt n thai nhi. Mt khc, hn the cn cn tr qu trnh hp th protein, gluxit, dn n hin tng kh tiu ha, chn n, mt mi... nu dng thc phm c hn the lu ngy lm nh hng n s pht trin, c bit i vi tre em. Ng c hn the c hai dng: - dng cp tnh, xy ra 6-8 gi sau khi n vi triu chng bun nn, tiu chy, dau c, cng c, chut rt vng bng, vt v, ph n c thai b xy thai. Ng c mn tnh, hn the tch ly trong c th biu th bng mt cm gic ngon, nn, tiu chy nh, rng tc... nc ta, Quyt nh s 867/Q-BYT ngy 4-4-1998 v quyt nh s 3742/QBYT ngy 30-9-2001 chnh thc cm s dng hn the ch bin v bo qun thc phm. Tuy nhin n nay vn cn mt s c s sn xut, ngi ch bin thc phm vn cn s dng hn the. Kim tra v sinh an ton thc phm trn a bn TP HCM, qua 92 mu thc phm ti 11 siu th v 25 mu ti 5 c s sn xut kinh doanh thc phm gm ch la, ch qu, bnh su s, m si, nui... c n 16 mu c cha hn the. C quan chc nng x pht 18 c s cung cp thc phm cc siu th (Theo tp ch th gii mi s 573). Gn y kim tra ca c quan phng dch TP H Ch Minh 7 ch: B Chiu, Bnh Ty, Rch ng, Tn Hng, Th c, Hai Trm (qun 4), Bnh Hng cho kt qu lm chng ta git mnh l 100% mu ch gi, 88% mu bnh da ln, su s cha hn the (theo tp ch Khoa hc ph thng s 675). Ph gia thc phm an ton (TPAT): thay th hn the, hin nay c cc ph gia TPAT l Polyphosphate v axit sorbic nhp t c, Thi Lan. Theo t chc Lng Nng quc t (FAO), dng ph gia TPAT trong dm bng thch hp vi 1 gam cho 1kg sn phm, 2-5 gam cho 1kg tht. Dng ph gia TPAT khng cn dng tht nng, thm ch dng tht qua bo qun ng lnh, cht lng gi ch vn thm ngon v an ton khi bo qun lnh 0-40C trong sut 90 ngy.

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Ph gia PDP: T lu c cc nh khoa hc th gii a vo s dng nh l mt loi ph gia thc phm c kh nng thay th hn the. Nm 1998, Phng Polyme Dc phm Vin Khoa hc v cng ngh Vit Nam tin hnh nghin cu, chit xut th nghim cht ph gia PDP. y l cht ph gia dng bt, c ngun gc thin nhin, s dng t v tm, khng c, dng an ton cho ngi trong thc phm v dc phm. PDP ha tan trong nc, khng nm nn c th bo qun thc phm khi v chua, thiu thi, tng cng dai, gin cho thc phm. Qua kho st ti cc c s ch bin thc phm nh Cty Vissan, lng gi ch Uy N (ng Anh), lng bnh cun Thanh Tr, c s ch bin nc p qu ng Nai... cho kt qu tt, bo qun dai, gin, bo qun thc phm di ngy hn c hn the. Cc V sinh an ton thc phm Vit Nam cho php sn xut v lu hnh PDP trn ton quc theo h s cng b 4377-2003/CBTCYT ngy 2/12/2003. So snh 3 mu i chng trn bnh ph cho thy, mu khng s dng ph gia bo qun th thc phm b hng th thc phm b hng trong vng 1 ngy, mu th 2 c thm hn the th c 2 ngy, mu th 3 c cht PDP th kh nng s dng thc phm c lu hn m cht lng thc phm gn nh khng thay i. V gi bn, c th so snh: bo qun 1 kg sn phm l tht (gi, ch, lp xng, nem... ) vi hn the gi t 100-200; vi ph gia TPAT l 700-800; vi PDP l 500-600. Vn cn l Cc V sinh an ton thc phm Vit Nam cn c bin php khuyn khch phng Polyme Dc phm (Vin KH v CNCV) sn xut i tr PDP ph bin n mi c s ch bin thc phm, c ngi tiu dng trn ton quc v h gi thnh sn phm hn na.

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Ti liu tham kho [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] Neofoodtech.com [7] : Thuvienphapluat.vn/ tiu chun ngnh 28 TCN 185: 2003

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