BO CO CHUYN

IU CH DIRECT MATRIX CONVERTER BNG GII THUT IU CH VECTOR KHNG GIAN TRN FPGA

H tn hc vin: Dng Hu Tr Chuyn ngnh: Thit b mng v nh my in Cn b hng dn: PGS.TS NGUYN VN NH

MSHV: 01808325 Kha: K2008

1.Gii thiu:
1.1 B bin i ma trn (matrix converter):
B bin i ma trn (MC) l cc dy kho bn dn c b tr thnh dng ma trn 3x3 v c kt ni trc tip vi 3 pha ngun ti 3 pha ti. Nhng thun li chnh ca MC l khng c thnh phn trung gian DC, cung cp cng sut hai chiu v c th iu chnh h s cng sut u vo.

B bin i ma trn c chia lm 2 loi l trc tip v gin tip. - Phng php gin tip c hai loi : + th nht : Gm hai h thng o l phn chnh lu 3 pha v phn nghch lu 3 pha thng qua mt thnh phn DC o [3]. + Th hai : Gm hai cu trc c lp vi nhau mt phn l chnh lu v mt phn l nghch lu c lp b ny gi l spare matrix converter. - Phng php trc tip phn chnh lu v nghch lu nm trong gii thut iu ch vec t khng gian hoc sng mang.

1.2 Nhng vn c bn ca direct matrix converter (DMC): Direct matrix converter (DMC) c nhng u im hn b bin tn truyn thng cng bc l n cung cp dng vo v p ra c dng gn sin v gim ti thiu sng hi bc cao v khng c sng hi bc 3 v n hon ton kim sot c h s cng sut u vo v loi b hon ton thnh phn d tr nng lng cng knh l t in. Bn cch n cng cn mt vi hn ch l t c dng vo v p ra dng sin th t s iu ch in p ch t c 0.866, n cn nhiu thit b bn dn hn b chuyn i gin tip (indirect matrix converter).

M hnh direct matrix converter :

a b c Kho hai chiu

Ngun

C Ti

B lc

Hnh 1 : M hnh c bn ca b direct matrix converter.

- in p ng ra :
V khng c thnh phn phn tch tr nng lng nn in p ra c to ra mt cch trc tip t in p vo, mi in p u ra c ly t tng mnh theo trnh t ca in p ng vo.

Hnh 2 : Dng sng in p ng ra ca b bin i ma trn

- Dng in vo :
Cng ging in p u ra dng in vo cng c to ra bng cch tng hp trc tip t dng in ng ra, mi dng in u vo c ly t tng mnh ca dng sng dng in ng ra.

Hnh 3 : Dng sng dng in vo ca b bin i ma trn

- Kim sot h s cng sut u vo :

Hnh 4 : in p vo v gi tr tc thi, gi tr trung bnh ca dng in

2. Gii thut iu ch vec t khng gian cho direct matrix converter :

iu ch vect khng gian (SVM) l k thut iu khin c p dng rng ri trong iu khin tc v ni chung l s dng trong iu khin chuyn i cng sut. Mc ch ca k thut SVM trong b bin i ma trn l to ra vec t in p u ra v dng vo mong mun t vec t in p u vo v dng in u ra. Trong b bin i ma trn c tng cng 27 trng thi vec t c tng hp trong trong bng sau :

Bng 1 : Bng 27 trng thi vector cho matrix converter

21 trng thi bao gm vec t dng in vo v vec t in p ra s c trnh bi trong hnh 5 v hnh 6.

Hnh 5 :Dng vector ng v vector khng ca vector in p ng ra

Hnh 6 :Dng vec t ng v vector khng ca vector dng in vo

Hnh 7 : V d vector in p ra

Hnh 8 : v d vector dng in vo

Nguyn l hot ng ca gii thut da trn vic chn 4 vec t ng trong mt khong thi gian tc ca mt chu k ng ct, vec t 0 dng phi hp m. gii thch r rng hn gii thut, xem hnh 7 v hnh 8 y vo l vector in p u ra cn ii l dng in u vo v y ta xt hai vector cng nm trong sector 1.

Gi d l thi gian ng ca cc trng thi ta c. Gi s tnh trong trng hp gc i =0 v in p ngun cung cp c dng : Vab = vi cos i . Vbc = vi cos(i - 2pi/3). Vca = vi cos(i - 4pi/3). T hnh 7 v hnh 8 v bng 1 :
d1+
<=> d 1+

2 2 2 vab d3 vca = v 0 ' = v 0 sin( + 0 ) 6 3 3 3

2 2 v 2 cos i d 3 cos( i 4 pi / 3) = 0 sin( + 0 ) 6 vi 3 3 3
+

2.5

2 2 d1 i A = I i ' = ii sin i ) 3 3 6 d3

2.6 2.7

Chia 2.6, 2.7 ta c,

2 2 i A = I i ' ' = ii sin + i ) 3 3 6

d1+ sin + i ) d 3 sin i ) = 0 6 6

<=> d1+ cos i d 3 cos + i ) = 0 3 3

2.8

Thay 2.8 vo 2.5 ta c

d1+ =
d 3 =

v0 2 sin( + 0 ) cos( + i ) 6 3 vi 3
v0 2 sin( + 0 ) cos( i ) vi 3 6 3

<=> d1+ =

v0 2 cos( 0 ) cos( + i ) 3 3 vi 3

2.9

d 3 =

v0 2 cos( 0 ) cos( i ) 3 3 vi 3
v0 2 cos( + 0 ) cos( + i ) vi 3 3 3

2.10

Tnh ton tng t cho d4- v d6+

d 4 =
2.11 2.12

d 6+ =

v0 2 cos( + 0 ) cos( i ) 3 3 vi 3

p dng tng t ti cc sector khc nhau ta s c bng ng ct gm 36 trng thi th hin trong bng di y :
ii vo 1 2 3 4 5 6

1 2

-3 +1 +6 -4 +2 -3 -5 +6

+9 -7 -3 +1 -8 +9 +2 -3

-6 +4 +9 -7 +5 -6 -8 +9

-3 +1 +6 -4 +2 -3 -5 +6

+9 -7 -3 +1 -8 +9 +2 -3

-6 +4 +9 -7 +5 -6 -8 +9

3 4

-1 +2 +4 -5 +3 -1 -6 +4

+7 -8 -1 +2 -9 +7 +3 -1

-4 +5 +7 -8 +6 -4 -9 +7

-1 +2 +4 -5 +3 -1 -6 +4

+7 -8 -1 +2 -9 +7 +3 -1

-4 +5 +7 -8 +6 -4 -9 +7

-2 +3 +5 -6

+8 -9 -2 +3

-5 +6 +8 -9

-2 +3 +5 -6

+8 -9 -2 +3

-5 +6 +8 -9

+1 -2 -4 +5

-7 +8 +1 -2

+4 -5 -7 +8

+1 -2 -4 +5

-7 +8 +1 -2

+4 -5 -7 +8

d1 d2 d3 d4

d1 d2 d3 d4

d1 d2 d3 d4

d1 d2 d3 d4

d1 d2 d3 d4

d1 d2 d3 d4

Bng 2 : Bng trng thi phi hp ng ct gia cc sector p ra v dng vo.

Cc gi tr d1, d2, d3, d4 ca cc sector khc cng c tnh ton tng t nh 2.9, 2.10, 2.11, 2.12. Tng d1+d2+d3+d4 <= 1.

2.3 K thut iu rng xung (PWM): Sau khi gii thut xc nh c bn vector trng thi gi s trong trng hp ny l -3 1 6 -4 tng ng vi p ra v dng vo cng nm trong sector 1, cc trng thi chuyn i lc ny l : acc abb aca aba By gi ta s phi hp li cc trng thi chuyn mch sao cho s ln ng ct sau mt chuyn mch l b nht. cc trng thi chuyn mch tt hn ta s m thm cc trng thi vector khng vo trong cc chuyn mch. Trong gii thut ny ng ct da vo hai cch ca tam gic cn vi 12 ci chuyn mch vi s chuyn mch nh sau: ccc acc aca aaa aba abb bbb abb aba aaa aca acc ccc

p dng cho tc c cc trng hp ta c bng trng thi nh sau: ng vi chu k Ts. Trong 36 trng hp ng ct cc kha th s c 2 trng hp c thi gian ng ct ging nhau nn ta ch cn tnh ton 18 trng hp th c th suy ra 18 trng hp cn li. Gi s ta phn tch trng hp ki =1 v kv =1 tng ng c 2 vector cng nm trong sector 1 Theo hnh 1 ta c chu trnh ng ct nh sau:
SAc on SAa on SAb on SAb on SAa on SAc on

SBc on

SBa on SCa on

SBb on

SBb on

SBa on

SBc on

SCc on

SCb on

SCb on

SCa on

SCc on

ccc T0/6

acc T1/2

aca T3/2

aaa T0/6

aba T4/2

abb

bbb

T2/2 T0/6

Bng 3: S ng ct ca cc kha trong mt chu k Ts Ghi ch :K hiu SAc ngha l pha A ca ti s kt ni vi pha c ca ngun.

(a) Dng in p pha A ti vi ki=1,kv=1

(b) Dng in p dy ti vi ki=1,kv=1

2.4. M phng direct matrix converter bng matlab simulink:

Hnh 9: Tng quan cc khi m phng direct matrix.

2.5. Thc nghim trn FPGA: S dng card spartan 3e starter kit. S dng ngn ng VHDL vit code. - Lu tnh ton:

2.6 Kt qu m phng v thc nghim: Thng s m phng v thc nghim: in p ngun 86v. B lc u vo: L=1mH, C= 20uF. Ti R= 30ohm, L=30mH. T s iu ch 0.866.

Hnh 15: Kt qu thc nghim v m phng dng dng in ti R tn s 25hz

Hnh 16: Kt qu thc nghim phn tich ph dng ti R tn s 25hz

Hnh 17: Kt qu thc nghim v m phng dng p ti R tn s 25hz

Hnh 18: Kt qu thc nghim v m phng dng dng in ti RL tn s 25hz

Hnh 19: Kt qu thc nghim phn tich ph dng ti RL tn s 25hz

Hnh 20: p ti thc nghim v m phng tn s 25 hz.

Hnh 21: Kt qu thc nghim v m phng dng vo v p vo ti RL tn s 25hz