ResistorProblems

Charlotte Stahl October 2013

Equations
I= dq = n|q |vdr A dt J = nq vdr Resistivity = |E | |J |

Current

(T ) = 0 [1 + (T T0 )] Resistors Ohms Law V = IR L R= A Energy and Power Ohms Power Law P = IVab = I 2 R =
2 Vab R

2
2.1

Problem 25.1
Question

During lightning strikes from a cloud to the ground, currents as high as 25,000 A can occur and last for 40s. How much charge is transferred from the cloud to the earth during such a strike?

2.2

Answer
I= Q t

Q = I t = (25, 000)(40 106 ) = 1C 1

3
3.1

Problem 25.4
Question

A 18-gauge copper wire (diameter 1.02 mm) carries a current with a current A 2 density of 1.50 106 m 2 . The density of free electrons for copper is 8.5 10 8 eletrons per cubic meter. Calculate (a) the current in the wire (b) the drift velocity of electrons in the wire

3.2

Answer

(a) Since we are given the current density and the diameter, nding the current is plug and chug. I J= A A .00102 2 I = JA = (1.50 106 2 )( ( ) ) = 1.23 m 2 (b) Since J = nq vdr , it follows that vdr = vdr = J nq

1.50 106 = .00011m/s = 110m/s (8.5 102 8)(1.6 10 19)

4
4.1

Problem 25.5
Question

Copper has 8.5 102 8 free electrons per cubic meter. A 71.0cm length of 12gauge copper wire that is 2.05 mm in diameter carries a 4.85A of current. (a) How much time does it take for an electron to travel the length of the wire? (b) Repeat part a for 6-gauge copper wire (diameter 4.12 mm) of the same length that carries the same current. (c) Generally speaking, how does changing the diameter of a wire that carries a given amount of current aect the drift velocity of the electrons in the wire?

4.2
(a) vdr =

Answer

J I 4.85 = = = 0.000108m/s 103 2 2 nq nqA (8.5 10 8)(1.6 10 19)( ( 2.05 ) 2 v= dx dt

t =

x .71 = = 6571.34s = 109minutes vdr 0.000108045

So about the length of a kids movie. (b) vdr = I 4.85 J = = = 0.000027m/s 103 2 2 nq nqA (8.5 10 8)(1.6 10 19)( ( 4.12 ) 2 v= t = dx dt

x .71 = = 26542.4 = 7.6hours vdr 0.0000267497

(c) by increasing the diameter of the wire, you reduce the current density, and slow the drift velocity of individual electrons.

5
5.1

Problem 25. 11
Question

A 1.50 m cylindrical rod of diamter 0.50 cm is connected to a power supply that maintains a constant potential dierence of 15.0 V across its ends, while an ammeter measure tha current through it. You observe that at room temperature (20.0 C ) the ammerter reads 18.5 A, while at 92.0 C it reads 17.2 A. You can ignore any thermal expansion of the rod. Find (a) the resistivity at 20.0 C and (b) The temperature coecient of resistivity at 20.0 C for the rod.

5.2

Answer

(a) to nd the resistivity of the rod, we need to nd the electric eld inside the rod and the current density. Since we know the length of the rod and the potential dierence across both ends, the electric eld will simply be E= V 15 = = 10V /m d 1.5

The current density also simple to nd J= 0 = I 18.5 = = 942197A/m2 A (.0025)2

10V /m E = = 0.0000106135V m/A J 942197A/m2

(b) Now we need to nd alpha, the temperature coecient of resistivity. To do this, we need the resistivity at 92 C . The electric eld strength will remain the same, but the current density will change. J= I 17.2 = = 875989A/m2 A (.0025)2 3

E 10V /m = 0.0000114157V m/A = J 875989A/m2

Now we can solve our resistivity-temperature equation for = 0 [1 + (T T0 )]

0 0.0000114157 0.0000106135

1 1

T T0 = 92 20

= = 0.00104976 C 1

6
6.1

Problem 25.15
Question

A cylindrical tungsten lament 15 cm long with a diameter of 1.00 mm is to be used in a machine for which the temperature will range from room tempertature (20.0 C ) up to 120.0 C . It will carry a current of 12.5 A at all temperatures. Its resistivity at 20.0 C is 5.25 108 m and its temperature coecient = 0.0045 C 1 . (a) What is the maximum electric eld in this lament, and (b) what will be its resistance with that eld? (c) What is the maximum potential drop over the ll length of the lament?

6.2

Answer
= E J

I A 12.5 ) = 1.21V /m E = (5.25 108 [1 + 0.0045(120 20)])( (.0005)2 E = J = (0 [1 + (T T0 )]) (b, c) Now that we have the maximum electric eld, we can nd the maximum voltage Vmax = E d = 1.21 .15 = .1815V R = V /I = .1815/12.5 = .01452

7
7.1

Problem 24.41
Question

In Europe standard voltage in homes is 220 V instead of the 120 V used in the United States. Therefore a 100 W European bulb would be intended for use with a 220 V potential dierence. (a) If you bring a 100 W European bulb home to the United Steates, what should be its US power rating? (b) How much current will the 100-W European bulb draw during normal use in the US? 4

7.2

Answer

(a) To nd out how much power it would use in the US, we need to know what the internal resistance of the bulb is, which is easy enough using Ohms power law. V2 P = R V2 2202 = = 484 P 100 So in the US, with the lower voltage it would use R= P = V2 1202 = = 29.75W R 484

So, a bright nightlight. (b)We can use the regular Ohms law for this. I= 120 V = = 0.2479A R 484

So what do you think would happen if we tried to use a US 100 W bulb in Europe?