Gio trnh V M Thut

B GIO DC V O TO I HC NNG TRNG I HC BCH KHOA

GIO TRNH V M THUT 3,4

V MU
TI LIU THAM KHO DNH CHO SINH VIN HC NGNH KIN TRC

BIN SON: GV. HS. TRN VN TM NNG, 2007

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CHNG 1

V TRANG TR C BN (mu bt).

1. CC LOI MU V V CCH S DNG. 1.1. Mu bt: 1.1.1. c im: + Cht mu c dng bt ha tan c trong nc (cc dng bt ny khng gy phn ng ha hc na). Khi s dng cn gi c u im ca mu bt l xp. + L mt trong nhng vt liu c bn nht ca hi ha v t bt mu, ngi ta c th to ra sn du, mu nc v mt s loi mu v khc. + Trn vi keo dnh theo mt t l hp l vi tng cht liu v nh: giy, vi, g, tng trt va...

H1a. Mu bt (dng bt).

H2. Mu bt (dng tup).

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H3. V mu bt. Tri: Trn Vn Tm, Ma qut, 2002. Phi: Bi v sinh vin, Tranh c ng.

1.1.2. Cch s dng: + Ho mu vi keo dng sn st sao cho khi v ln giy t c cc yu cu: trong tro ca mu, bm dnh, xp rc r. + Mun v c mu trong, trc ht phi t khi qut cc "mu gc" ca thc t trn ton b bc tranh. V d: hoa cc mu vng, qu c rt mu cam... T mu kn giy, khng cha li ch no, ng v tr mu. Sau mi tm sng ti vi cc mu m thy trn thc t t ph ln mu gc. + Cui cng v chi tit, ng thi kim tra li sc sng v ti, hnh t m. 1.1.2. Dng c v mu bt: + Giy v (b mt hi nhm mu d bm). + a pha mu v bt dt cc c (lng cng). + Keo dnh. + Nc ra bt. + Hp mu v gi k.
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H4. Cc loi bt dt, bng pha mu v gi v.

Trong trng hp gp mu kh tan c trong nc th cho thm vi git ru. Hoc mu khng c mn th dng bay nghin trc khi pha mu.

H5. Bay nghin mu.

1.2. Mu nc: 1.2.1. c im: + Tan trong nc, khng c cn v trong sut, c tinh ch t mu bt. Khi v, s dng nhiu cch nhm t c mc ch trong tro v mm mi. + L mt cht liu c bn ca hi ha. + C th v ln c nhiu cht liu khc nhau nh: giy, vi, g
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H6. Hp mu nc dng thi.

H7. Hp mu nc dng ng.

H8. Mu nc v trn giy nhm.

H9. trong sut ca mu nc ging nh giy gng mu.

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H10. Hnh bn tri: Hoa, tranh Trung Quc, v mu nc trn giy. H11. Hnh bn phi: Nguyn Phan Chnh, C b cho chim n, la, 1931.

H12. Hnh bn tri: Trn Vn Tm, Cng thn, la, 2000. H13. Hnh bn phi: Hokusai, Cao Cao trc khi chin u, tranh Nht Bn, v mu nc trn la, 1847.

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1.2.2. Cch s dng: + Pha long mu vi nhiu nc, tuyt i khng v mu c nh mu bt. Dng cch chng mu t nht ln m gi c s trong tro ca mu. + C hai cch pha mu. Cch th nht l chng mu, tc l t mu gc trc. V d: Tri cam chn c mu cam th t mu vng trc, ri t chng mu ln s cho ra mu cam. Cch th hai l pha sn mu cam trn a pha mu ri t vo hnh. + Khng dng mu trng pha trn vi mu khc nh bt mu. Ch nhng khi tht cn thit nh sa "gt" nhng ch v b hng, bn hoc l khng t yu cu v sng... Nn gi mu trng y l cha li nn trng ca giy v. + Cui cng l nhn m v lm nhe, m nhng ch cn thit.

H14. John Parnsworth, Nghin cu u nga.

H15. Chan Chang How, Chn dung c gi.

Hai hnh ..trn cho thy k thut v mu ln giy m to loang nhe hay to s sc nt khi v trn giy kh. Cn thy k thut chng mu t nht ln m dn v vic cha li nn trng ca giy to mng sng. 1.2.3. Dng c v mu nc: + Giy bi sn ln bng v. + Bt cc c (thng u trn, lng mn). + Bng pha mu, hp mu, nc ra bt. + Gi v, bng v.
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H16. Giy v mu nc b mt nn hi nhm.

H17. Bng pha mu.

H18. Bt v mu nc.

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H19. Cc loi gi v.

2. MU NGUYN, MU B TC. 2.1. Mu nguyn. L mu khng b pha tp vi cc mu khc. V d: , vng, xanh nc bin... Mu nguyn thng ch c dng trong trang tr.
H20. Ba mu c bn cng l mu nguyn.

2.2. Mu b tc: Mu b tc l hai mu gn nhau c kh nng h tr v tn nhau ln. V d: Mu xanh gn mu th xanh cng xanh v cng mnh hn.
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H21. Ba cp mu b tc.

T n tng v mu sc trong thin nhin m ngi ta tm ra quy lut ca mu b tc. + Xanh b tc cho v ngc li. + Lam (xanh nc bin) b tc cho da cam v ngc li. + Tm b tc cho vng v ngc li. y ch l ba b mu b tc c bn. Ngoi ra, nhng b mu c sc thi ca ba b mu trn cng c tc ng ca mu b tc nh: vng cam tm xanh; vng lc tm ; lc xanh cam . 3. CC HA SC MU. Ha sc c ngha l nhng mu gn nhau m n nhp, khng chi mt. V d: Bn thn quang ph ca mt tri (, cam, vng, lc, lam, chm, tm) l mt ho sc tt. Nu ly i nhng mu 2 thnh phn (mu cp 2) xanh l cy, da cam, tm l nhng mu dung ho ca 3 mu cn bn: , vng, lam th s gy ra nhng i chi t ngt, rt chi mt.

H22. Mu quang ph.

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Thm mu cp 3, ha sc s cng du hn. C th n c 5 cch biu hin mu n nhp nhau: + Nhng mu gn nhau pha thnh mt mu khng xn (cht). V d: + vng da cam. + Mt mu m m nht khc nhau do pha t hay nhiu en, trng. Cch ny gi l sc ng mu. + Nhng mu cng h nng hay lnh. + Nhng mu i chi nhau, nhng cng trn nn du (thuc mu xm hoc cch nhau bi mt mu trung lp) th mc rc mu s gim i. + Hai mu i chi nhau nhng c din tch to nh khc nhau, th mc hn ch rc mu khc nhau.

H23. Gam mu lnh (trn), nng (di).

H24. Mu v cc sc .

H25. Mu c bn v mu th c p.

H26. Sc ng mu.

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4. PHNG PHP PHA MU. - u tin nn nghin mu bng bay cho nhuyn (i vi mu bt hay sn du) cng vi t l keo v nc (mu bt) hp l. Bt v phi sch pha mu c chnh xc, trong tro. - Thay i m, nht bng cch pha vi trng v en. - Nu pha nhiu mu cng lc, trong y c nhng mu i nhau th d thnh mu xn (cht). V vy, nn: + Lc u pha hai mu i nhau thnh mu hi xn, nhng sau li pha thm vo mu ti. + Pha nhng mu ti trc, nu thy mu y thuc v h nng, hay lnh th pha mu ca h kia vo theo . Nn cho t t, khng nn cho nhiu ngay. Ni chung, pha c mt mu theo mun th ngoi kh nng cm nhn bm sinh ca mi ngi th iu quan trng vn l qu trnh tp luyn lu di. T mi ngi s c cch pha mu ring v tm c cho mnh nhng gam mu c o m p. 5. MU T THC. L din t nhng mu ca thc t trong thin nhin thng qua nhn xt, cm xc ca ngi v. c trng ca mu sc t thc l khng cn trng thi nguyn cht v khng c nhng mu ging nhau, d cng l mt cht mu nh nhau.

H27. Mu t thc. Tri: Vallotton, Tnh vt, sn du, 1923. Phi: Levitan, Con nc ma xun, sn du, 1896.

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V d: + Mu thc l cy l xanh lc th khng th v thnh mu . + Mu ti trong trang tr s khng cn nguyn vn na nu trong thin nhin. mi ni, mi thi im, mu ti y u c s khc nhau. Do s tc ng ca nh sng xuyn qua khng kh to nn rt nhiu mu, mi mu u c sng ti khc nhau. Khu vc sng th nh hng mu nng, khu vc ti th nh hng mu lnh v mi vt u chu nh hng mu phn nh ca nhng vt xung quanh. V d: Mt ngi mc o th thy da d hng ho ln hn. 6. MU TRANG TR. Mu sc ca trang tr cn bn khng ph thuc thin nhin. Ngi v c th vn dng hon ton ch quan sng to thng qua nhng nguyn tc v mu sc. Mu sc trong trang tr c th dng nguyn cht hoc c pha trn khng hn ch. Nhng phi tm mu cho hi ho hp dn v phi tu thuc vo tng th loi dng cho ph hp vi ni dung. V d: + Trang tr qung co, c ng phi dng mu ti, tng phn gy n tng. + Trang tr khn qung ma h nn dng gam mu lnh to cm gic mt m.

H28. Qung co rau, c .

H29. Trang tr phong cnh.

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7. MU TRONG TRANH V MU THIN NHIN. Mu trong tranh chnh l s th hin mu thin nhin, nhng so s bin i khng ngng ca thi gian m khi quan st thc t, khng bao gi chng ta nhn thc c mt mu thun khit v s thay i ca cc mu khc nhau theo thi gian nn chng ta ch c th nhn thc c mu sc thc ca n mt cch tng i m thi. Khi v phong cnh th s thnh cng ca ngi v l nm bt c ci chung nht v ha sc ca thin nhin trong mt khong thi gian nht nh, ha sc nh th no cn ph thuc vo , tm l, trng thi ca ngi v. Chnh v vy m cng mt cnh vt y, cng thi gian y m mi ngi v khng ai ging ai, c ngi v cho ta cm gic bun hay ngc li.

H30. Monet, Ca pha Ty nh th Rouen, sn du, 1894. S thay i ca mu sc mi thi im khc nhau trn cng mt cnh vt t tri qua phi: Rng sng, bui sng, bui tra, bui chiu.

8. S KHC NHAU GIA V TRANH T THC V V TRANG TR. 8.1. V tranh t thc: L s th hin li thc t ca thin nhin, nn mu sc chuyn ho khng ngng v th hin c , cm xc ca ngi v.

H31. Vermeer, Rt sa, sn du, 1669-1670: Tranh t thc.

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8.2. V trang tr: Ph thuc hon ton vo s sng to ca ngi v. M hai yu t quan trng ca v trang tr l hnh v mu sc. + Hnh p l do s phi hp c nhp iu ca ng nt cong v thng m c cch iu ho, cng iu ho to thnh. + Mu sc dng nng cao v hon thin hnh trang tr. S kt hp kho lo gia cc mu s iu ho, cn i, thng bng b cc.

H32. Trn Vn Tm, Ph c Hi An, 2001: V trang tr.

9. PHNG PHP V TRANG TR . 9.1. Phng php b cc trang tr: B cc mt hnh trang tr thng c my loi sau: 9.1.1. Cn i thng bng gia cc mng hnh trong b cc: + Cn i i xng: L cc hnh i nhau qua trc ngang hoc trc dc ging nhau v hnh cng nh t l. V d: Hai con rng chu mt tri. + Cn i khng i xng: L cng i nhau qua trc ngang hoc dc nhng hnh khng nht thit phi ging nhau m ch cn gy c cm gic cn i, thng bng. V d: Trang tr ba sch, bch bo.

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H33. Cn i i xng.

H34. Cn i khng i xng.

9.1.2. Trong hnh trang tr c trng tm v th yu (mng chnh, mng ph). Tp trung nhiu vo mng chnh. T ci chnh pht trin ra nhng mng ph. Mng chnh v ph h tr ln nhau v cng lm hon chnh ci chung, sao cho tng th c trt t, hi ha. V d: Mng chnh trong thm nn l to, r, ha tit p, cn nhng mng ph gc hay ng vin nh hn, tng phn nh hn. 9.1.3. a dng trong b cc trang tr: Cc mng, hnh, ho tit c to - nh to s vui mt, mc d c th c mt s ng dng v hnh v thng nht v ng nt cong hay thng. V d: Trong trang tr mt hnh vung, trng tm c hnh trn, bn gc cng c hnh trn nh hn v trong ng dim xung quanh cng c nhng ho tit trn. Nh vy l c s ng dng v hnh trn, nhng hnh trn y c t l khc nhau v phn b hp l th vn m bo s a dng. 9.1.4. Mng cm v mng phn tn: + Mng cm: L trong mng c nhiu mng nh. + Mng phn tn: Th bn thn mng l mt khi cht ch. V d: Trong mt hnh trang tr, nu c hai mng to bng nhau, mt bn v mt bng hoa ln. Bn kia l mt cm nhiu hoa nh th vn gy c cm gic phong ph ch khng phi l b u nhau.

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H35. Tnh vt bn tri c mt cm gm nhiu hoa Cc kt li thnh mng hoa ln. Hnh bn phi l cc hoa Cc ri nhau to thnh cc mng ring l khc nhau.

9.2. Cc ha tit v trang tr: Mt thnh phn quan trng ca trang tr l nhng ho tit trang tr, d l c cy, hoa l, mung th, cn trng hay con ngi. Tt c nhng i tng ny a vo trang tr u tr thnh ha tit p nu c cch iu, khi qut ho, in hnh ho trn c s nhng nt p mang yu t to hnh v hnh dng, ng nt, mng khi, mu sc, m nht... S a dng, phong ph v v p trong cu trc t nhin ca cc loi hoa l, chim mung lun gi cm v l ngun cm hng sng to cho con ngi. u tin, ngi v nn chp tht, sau n gin ri cch iu nhng phi gi c c trng ca mu tht. V d: T hoa l, chim th trong thin nhin, ngi v cn i nguyn cu, chp thc v t n gin, cch iu tr thnh nhng ha tit trang tr p theo kiu ring ca mnh.

H36. Trn Vn Tm, Cch iu hoa Lan, mu bt, 1994.

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Ha tit trang tr dn tc l vn c dn tc. l mt kho tng ngh thut v cng qu gi m ng cha ta li. N l ci p ca s bao qut, in hnh, c l v cch iu cao. B cc cht ch v khe kht nhng vn thoi mi, nh nhng, khng cu k cng khng s si.. V d: Bng sen, hnh my, sng nc, mt tri, chim, c...c chm, khc trong cc n, cha, nh, lng tm

H37. u rng chm g trn chn trng Hng Miu, Ng Mn.

9.3. Phng php v cch iu cc ha tit hoa l: 9.3.1. La chn mu v nghin cu: Tm nhng loi hoa l, chim mung c hnh dng p, c trng: l sn, l u , l mp, hoa sen, hoa phong lan, hoa hu, chim, g, c, nga, ra, sc, chun chun, bm,...

H38. Hoa Hng v hoa Lan, t thc. TR N V N TM Trang 18

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H39. C Vng.

H40. Bm H.

9.3.2. Cch v t thc: Nn v bng bt ch, tm m nht hoc c th ch dng nt.. u tin, quy hnh ton b ca mu vo hnh k tr, phc hnh tng th cc mng ln trc, chi tit sau. Cui cng l t bng, chnh sa, nhn... V d:

H41. Cch chp t th c.

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H42. Trng Phan Thin An, 03KT-HBK N, chp t tht hoa Loa Kn, ch, 2004.

H43. Tn Tht ng Phng, 02KT-HBK N, chp t tht hoa l, ch, 2003.

9.3.3. n gin ha tit: L lc b nhng chi tit khng cn thit nh: rch, xu, lch lc, khng cn i... a mu sang th cn i, hon chnh hn nhng vn gi c c im in hnh ca mu. V d:

H44. T tri qua phi: L u , n gin cch 1 v 2.

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9.3.4. Cch iu ha tit: Bng tr tng tng, s tm ti, sng to trn c s t bc t n gin ln thnh ha tit trang tr mang nt c trng v p hn thc t, ch khng phi l ba t, bp mo mu.

H45. Bi v SV, cch iu con c, mu bt.

H46. Bi v SV, cch i u hoa Hu , mu bt.

H47. Bi v sinh vin, cch iu con B , mu bt.

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9.4. Phng php tm b cc trang tr: Vn dng tng hp cc nguyn tc trang tr c bn nh: cn i, nhc li, xen k, ph th... mt cch linh hot, kho lo. Da vo c im ca tng loi hnh c th k cc trc phn chia ra lm 4 hoc 8 phn bng nhau (giao im ca 2 ng cho xut pht t tm), ri phn b cc mng ln, nh, chnh, ph sao cho vui mt. c bit cc mng trng tm cn c nhn mnh (nu l en, trng) cn nu l mu th l mu ni nht, nu l hnh phi l hnh p nht. V d:

H48. Bi v sinh vin, b cc hnh vung, mu bt

mi b cc hnh vung, trn hoc ch nht, cn tm nhiu phc tho, sau chn mt hnh ng nht v tin hnh tm m, nht ca hnh. To trng tm cho b cc c ni bt, hi ho v cc m, nht mng trng tm cn c chuyn ra xung quanh nhng va phi. Trn c s phi phc tho m nht en trng tm mu sc cho ph hp t s hi ho, p mt, gi cm xc thm m. Nn tm nhiu phc tho mu theo cc gam mu khc nhau chn c phc tho p nht khi th hin. 9.5. Lm bi: 9.5.1. Phng hnh, th hin bi: - Thng thng th li hnh t bn tho phng ln, pha mu theo bn tho ri t tng mng mu ln lt cho n khi kn giy. - Cng c th qut nn mu ch o theo mt m nht nht nh ca bn tho, ri sau mi hnh phng ln v v k ln nn mu theo khun kh quy nh.
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Tuy nhin, c hai cch u nn nghin mu k v t sao cho mn, phng, gn gng, sch s v nghim tc. 9.5.2. Trnh by bi: Thng phi c ba phc tho l hnh (nt), en trng, mu v bi th hin phng ln v bng mu. K tn bi, tn ngi v, tn trng, lp... Lu ln ca ch va phi theo t l bi lm, kiu ch nn n gin, nghim tc. V d:

H49. Nguyn nh H, 04KT- HBK N, Trang tr hnh vung, mu bt, 2005.

H50. Trn L Hng, Trang tr hnh vung, mu bt, 2007. TR N V N TM Trang 23

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10. MT S BI TRANG TR THAM KHO.

H51. Nguyn Mnh Kha. 01KT-HBK N.

H52. Nguyn Trng Giang. 04KT-HBK N.

H53. SV Ng c Cng.

H54. Bi v ca sinh vin.

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H55. Bi v sinh vin: trang tr hnh trn, a treo tng.

H56. Bi v sinh vin, trang tr phong cnh.

H57. Bi v sinh vin, trang tr qung co.

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CHNG 2

V TNH VT HOA QU (mu bt)

1. CCH V TNH VT.
Khi v mt b cc tnh vt, thng thng ngi tun theo trnh t cc bc sau: - Chn gc nhn ph hp s c c b cc p. - c lng ln, v tr khung hnh trn giy v sao cho va phi, cn i. - Tin hnh o, di v v phc (dng hnh) bng bt mu hoc bng bt ch. - T mu gc ln cc mng ph kn ton b b mt tranh kt hp dng mu theo mt thy v v ha sc mu ca ngi v. - Tip tc t chng mu ng thi iu chnh m nht, mu sc v trau chut dn chi tit. Lu trng tm v to chiu su khng gian. - Xem xt li tng quan tng th ln cui, hon chnh b mt tranh.

H58. Trn Vn Tm, s lc cch v tnh vt bng mu bt: Dng hnh, t mu khi qut, 2007.

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2. BI V TNH VT HOA QU.

H59. Trn ng Khoa, 02KT-HBK N, 2003.

H60. Ng L Nht Phng, 01KT-HBK N, 2002.

H61. Hong Duy, 04KT-HBK N, 2005.

H62. Dng Th H ng Nhung, K11-K2, 2007.

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2. THAM KHO MT S TH LOI TRANH TNH VT KHC.

H64. Trn V n Tm, Sinh t n, b t mu trn giy d. 45x55cm, 1999.

H63. Trn V n Tm, T nh vt, mu b t, 55x40cm, 2002.

H6 5. Ya ma mot o, Nh n g tri t, m u bt, 200 5. H6 6. Willow, Tnh vt, mu b t, 2006.

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CHNG 3

V PHONG CNH 1 (mu bt).

1. BI V SINH VIN.

H67. L Vn Thm, 02KT-HBK N, phong cnh nh th Ha Sn, mu bt, 2003.

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H68. L Duy Trinh, 03KT-HBK N, phong cnh nng thn, mu bt, 2004.

H69. Vn Hu Minh Khi, 04KT-HBK N, phong cnh sau khu A, mu bt, 2005.

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H70. Phan Hong Tn, 02KT-HBK N, phong cnh Hi An, mu bt, 2003.

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2. CC BI V, TRANH PHONG CNH MU BT THAM KHO KHC.

H71. Thanh Vn, HKH Hu, phong cnh vnh H Long, 2007.

H72. Michel Bellion, phong cnh, mu bt, 2007.

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H73. Ronan Olier, phong cnh 1, mu bt, 2007.

H74. Ronan Olier, phong cnh 2, mu bt, 2007.

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CHNG 4

V PHONG CNH (mu nc)

1. BI V SINH VIN.

H75. Tr n ng Khoa, 02KT- HBK N, phong cnh Hi An 1, mu nc, 2003.

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H76. Trn ng Khoa, 02KT- HBK N, phong cnh Hi An 2, mu nc, 2003.

H77. Nguyn B Thng, 03KT- HBK N, phong cnh Hi An, mu nc, 2004. TR N V N TM Trang 35

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H78. Phm Thin Ch ng, 03KT- HBK N, phong cnh nh th Ha S n, mu nc, 2004.

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H79. Phng Danh, 05KT- HBK N, phong cnh lng ng Lm, mu nc, 2007.

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2. CC BI V, TRANH PHONG CNH MU NC THAM KHO KHC.

H80. Bi v sinh vin, cng m t ngi nh lng ng Lm, mu n c, 2007.

H81. Bi v sinh vin, m t ngi nh lng ng Lm, mu n c, 2007.

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H82. John Tookey, phong c nh Salthouse, mu nc.

H83. Serge Marko, phong c nh ph, mu nc, 2007. TR N V N TM Trang 39

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3. CC NG DNG TRONG DIN HA KIN TRC.

H84. Di n ha ni tht kin trc, mu nc.

H85. Phi c nh m t chnh, mu nc.

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H86. Doran Barham, Phi c nh tng th, mu nc.

H87. Phi c nh, mu n c. TR N V N TM Trang 41