B XY DNG S 08 /2004/ Q-BXD

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Nc

Vt liu ph m

Hnh 1- S ph m bo dng b tng

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a) b) Bc x mt tri Nilon Nilon

Bc x mt tri

Khung gi

a) Ph st mt b tng; b) Ph trn khung gi.

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Bc x mt tri Mng chn hi

Hnh 3- S ph mt b tng bng mng chn hi

+,+,-,B 9h8c hi)n bo dng ti p theo $/ B>B +Hong tiSU thRB 0Hf" th," hi!n #gng ""h tHIi nHI" gik (m tBn # # met DSt ";' #& tKng 1$' Dhi DSt thr" gi$i 0B9n #>B +Hong #$n 0c'= B>B +Hong tiSU thRB nhgm t9B "hB #& tKng 0i' Di!n 0Wng Lhn tt 0Z DhKng #/ n.t, i n.t hBe" "" Dh'ySt tFt Dh" +B #/ m;t nHI" #iSn +9ng "B nO 7' YIn +HIi t" 0ng "5$ Dh6 hF'= -{ng "W thZ #R "hhn 0Z ng*m s2?t"m nHI" tL&n met #& tKng, th$y "hB tHIi nHI"= #/ B>B +Hong tiSU thRB Y #ht #'" 0i Ii mCi DSt ";' #& tKng #& tKng "t thNU, 0Hf" th," hi!n "hB tIi Dhi #& tKng 09t "Hdng 0 #>B +Hong tIi h9n *6$BD thRB 7'y 0/nh "5$ %-VN ??92PT99T=

ququ- YP l"H 9: 6;#< +,+,/,. 9Cng Du7t cm Y9i #& tKng nhgm Dhh" Uh8" "" Dh'ySt tFt 1inh L$ tLHI" 0W +B #& tKng #/ m;t nHI", nhH n.t met, i n.t, hbnh thnh Yz Lzng, th$y 0<i ";' tLr"= cm Y9i "Vn Ym tng 0 "het #& tKng n&n tng "Hdng 0 0 #n #& tKng= +,+,/,- 0hAng ph7p m l!i cm Y9i "W thZ th," hi!n #gng t$y s0FU #gng #n )B$t h$y #gng my smy 0cm met, 0cm +Mi, 0cm L'ngt= a# $%m l&i '(n) tay * DMng #n )B$ gz z m9nh, 0' met #& tKng 0] 0cm Ycn tLHI" LAi )B$ nhvn met #& tKng= cm Y9i #gng t$y "h U +8ng 0i Ii DSt ";' #& tKng "W met thBng YIn Ii "hi' +y #& tKng DhKng 7' T2"m= '# $%m l&i '(n) m+y E - @NB my 0cm met, 0cm Y9i th. t, YMi +cn= cm )Bng +Mng #n )B$ hBn thi!n # met tiSU thRB= - @hi +Mng 0cm "n )B$ met thb th," hi!n 7'y tLbnh thRB "Kng nng 1i +8ng "5$ my= - cm met U +8ng 0i Ii DSt ";' "W met thBng YIn Ii "hi' +y #& tKng DhKng 7' 20"m= - i Ii DSt ";' "W 0 +y tL&n 20"m nhH +cm, "C" #& tKng "t thNU, #& tKng 0Hdng #ng= = === "W thZ 0cm Y9i #gng 0cm +Mi P cm nhH 0cm Ycn tLHI"= -hr ^ Lrt 0cm t[ t[ 0Z tLnh t9B Yz +Mi tLBng #& tKng 1$' Dhi 0cm= c# ,h-i .i/m .%m l&i * %hKng thHdng #& tKng 0Hf" 0cm Y9i 1$' sT,?2,?th Dhi #& tKng "hH$ DSt thr" ninh DSt st." Y "hH$ DSt thr" gi$i 0B9n "B mmt, t' thRB thdi tiSt thnh Uhcn #& tKng= `r" ny #& tKng "Vn +yB, nhHng tL&n met thb DhKng "Vn nHI" t"h ngHng 0Cng= %9i hi!n tLHdng "W thZ )" 0/nh thdi 0iZm 0cm Y9i nhH 1$' P - i Ii 0cm t$y P S$' T,?h thb ;n 0c' ngWn t$y Y&n met #& tKng t9B thnh mt St Ym= NS' St Ym "Vn +6nh DhKng "W nHI" 0Cng thb Y thdi 0iZm th6"h hfU 0Z 0cm Y9i= NS' ;n )Bng, nHI" 0Cng ng$y tLBng St Ym thb "Vn 1Im 7'= -. sT0 T?tUh Y9i ;n t$y DiZm tL$ St Ym mt Ycn "hB tIi Dhi )" 0/nh 0Hf" thdi 0iZm 0cm Y9i= NS' St Ym DhW ;n DhK thb Y 7' m'n, DhKng 0Hf" UhNU 0cm Y9i nk$= cm Y9i Yr" ny 1~ Uh o 1, Yi&n DSt gik$ "" thnh Uhcn "5$ #& tKng=

- i Ii 0cm my P @hi met #& tKng LB nHI", 1d met #& tKng th;y "Vn mm Y 0cm 0Hf"= cm thi nS' th;y nHI" n<i Y&n nh$nh thb 0fi th&m= -. sT0 T?tUh thi Y9i my mt Ycn "hB tIi Dhi th;y + 0cm, DhKng n<i nHI", #& tKng L'ng 0ng 0' Y 0Hf"= @hi +Mng my 0cm +Mi thb thdi 0iZm 0cm Y9i Y Yr" LB nHI" tL&n # met #& tKng, 1d #& tKng th;y "Vn mm, 0cm thi, Lrt +Mi Y&n m #& tKng Y;U 0cy ng$y Yz +Mi Y 0Hf"= - %LBng 7' tLbnh 0cm Y9i #& tKng "cn "hr ^ DhKng Ym >nh hHOng );' 0Sn Uhcn #& tKng 0] 0cm Y9i tLHI" 0W= +,+,/,/ cm Y9i "W t" +8ng tt 0i Ii mCi DSt ";' #& tKng, nhHng hi!' 7'> "$B h:n Y 0i Ii "" DSt ";' "W # met thBng YIn, nHI" tLBng #& tKng #$y h:i nh$nh s0Z h9 th;U tj Y! N/Xt= +,+,/,B S$' Dhi 0cm Y9i, nh;t thiSt Uh>i #>B +Hong #& tKng thRB 2 gi$i 0B9n nhH 7'y 0/nh "5$ %-VN ??92PT99T "h +Jn O 0i' ?=?==2 "5$ ti&' "h'(n ny= - BHn# p$Ip p$F#< c$?#< #G6 D56 c78 9: 6;#< p$I6 XH#$ 6r!#< 8I 6rs#$ JN#< rv# u. N<8R:# 6vc c$8#<

Q' tLbnh Uht 1inh "" St n.t tLBng DSt ";' #& tKng #& tKng "t thNU +HIi t" 0ng "5$ "" yS' t Dh6 hF' "W thZ DNB +i t[ 1$' gi$i 0B9n #>B +Hong #$n 0c' "hB tIi mt i nm 1$'= Ng'y&n nh*n Uht 1inh St n.t Y +B #iSn +9ng ".ng "5$ #& tKng 7' YIn Ym "hB .ng 1';t DNB Uht 1inh Hft 7' giIi h9n DNB "hB UhNU "5$ #& tKng= 4hcn ny hHIng +Jn UhH:ng UhU 0et DhR "B +]n nhi!t (m 0Z h9n "hS #iSn +9ng ".ng s"B, nOt "5$ #& tKng thRB thdi tiSt O m." g*y .ng 1';t DNB DhKng 05 Ym n.t #& tKng= BiSn +9ng ny thHdng )>y L$ tLBng DhB>ng s23t thng 0Sn mt 1 nm 1$' Dhi 0< #& tKng= 0. t6 D$ c! # #$Hn6 OP J?H =BH

D56 c78 9: 6;#< => 9: 6;#< c?6 6$@p u0u. ")uy1n t2c chun)
b

$t @St ";' "cn 0Hf" gi>i tB> .ng 1';t Uht 1inh +B #iSn +9ng nhi!t (m 7'h YIn, hBe" +B #iSn +9ng DhKng th," hi!n 0Hf" +HIi t" 0ng "5$ Dh6 hF'= Bi!n UhU 0et DhR "B +]n nhi!t (m +HIi 0*y Y nhgm gi>i tB> .ng 1';t n&' tL&n= 0. . 3o&i h4nh khe co d5n nhi6t 7m

a)

-W 2 YB9i DhR "B +]n nhi!t (m 1$' 0*y P @hR +]n sHbnh 4$t @hR "B sHbnh 4#t
b)

a) Khe dn; b) Khe co.

Hs#$ 2u ~l JT c78 6"! D$ c! # #$Hn6 OP $/ 9!i khe d(n E B& tKng "t thNU #/ "ht 0.t hBn tBn= @hi "cn thiSt "W thZ +Mng DSt ";' "W th$nh tL'yn Y," 0Z tL'yn Y," 7'$ DhR= B Lng DhR DhKng nhu h:n 2 "m= B Lng # "5$ DhR +]n nO 0Hf" )" 0/nh thRB "Kng th." s2tP 9 9.90 s2t Tr!#< JN/ 9. ) Y - %<ng #iSn +9ng "5$ 0B9n #& tKng gik$ 2 DhR +]n -BiSn +9ng nO <n 0/nh "5$ #& tKng +HIi t" 0ng "5$ Dh6 hF' nWng (m= %LBng 0i' Di!n Dh6 hF' nHI" t$ "W thZ Y;y w s0,4 0,4?tmm/m Y- -hi' +i DhB>ng ""h gik$ 2 DhR +]n, m= 90 - 0 +y YIU Ft Yi!' "hQn DhR "Vn Y9i 1$' Dhi 0] #/ NU +B #& tKng nO +HIi t" 0ng "5$ 0i' Di!n Dh6 hF'= qi tL/ #2 Y;y thRB "h +Jn "5$ nh 1>n )';t Ft Yi!' "hQn DhRu %' thRB y&' "c' DE th'Ft "5$ DhR +]n, ngHdi thiSt DS "W thZ 0et DhR "W hbnh +ng Dh" nh$' snhH DhR th}ng DhR g;U Dhr" DhR "W mng ===t= @hR +]n "cn Uh>i thKng thBng, DhKng "h.$ "" Ft Y9 Ym ">n "h'yZn +/"h 0c' mrt #& tKng Dhi #iSn +9ng, nhH gz, 0, #& tKng 8n,g9"h o, 0;t "t === #> 9!i khe coE %iNt +i!n #& tKng #/ "ht )'ng 0 1*' h shbnh 4=#t= %hHdng 0 1*' h DhKng 7' sT2t "m 0i Ii DSt ";' "W "hi' +y nhu snhH met 0Hdng K tK 1n mit hBe" "W thZ 1*' h:n 0i Ii DSt ";' "W "hi' +y YIn snhH tHdng "hhn 0;tt= -t thNU "W

thZ 0i 7'$ DhR ny= B Lng # "5$ St "ht DhB>ng T "m= -W thZ )>m hBe" DhKng )>m m$ t6t B St "ht t' thRB y&' "c' "5$ DhR= %' thRB y&' "c' DE th'Ft "5$ DhR mE 7'$n "5$ DSt ";', St "ht #& tKng O DhR "B "W thZ +et O T met snhH 0i Ii 1nt hBe" 2 met snhH 0i Ii tHdngt "5$ DSt ";'= "/ i Ii "" DhR +]n O 1n hBe" tHVng "W y&' "c' ngn nHI" "$B thb t[ Uh6$ "W ng'An nHI" "cn "W "" "hi tiSt ngn nHI" th;m 7'$ DhR snhH +Mng mng "hhn 0n hAi +n Y&n tL&n DhR, +Mng #ng ""h nHI"= = ==t= @hi "cn "W YIU Yt hBe" YIU Ft Yi!' Dh" O Uh6$ tL&n DSt ";' sth6 +8 YIU #& tKng "hng th;m ngm tL&n 1n mit thb / tL6 DhR "cn Uh>i 0Hf" +'y tLb )'y&n 1't YIU Ft Yi!' ny sHbnh ?t=
Mat t bitum !p lt Bng n hi cch nc

$m xp ch%n kh#

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Hnh 5- S khe dn c nhu cu ngn nc cao

0. .! ")uy1n t2c .8t khe co d5n nhi6t 7m @hR "B +]n nhi!t (m 0Hf" 0et thRB 7'y 0/nh "5$ %-VN ?mT8PT992= NgBi L$ "cn th," hi!n nhkng y&' "c' "h +Jn +HIi 0*yP $/ @hR +]n 0Hf" 0et t9i "" / tL6 nhgm t9B 0i' Di!n 0Z DSt ";' #& tKng + +ng "h'yZn +/"h 0c' mrt t9i DhR Dhi #/ #iSn +9ng "B nO thRB thdi tiSt= @hR +]n thHdng 0Hf" DSt hfU t9i "" / tL6 DSt ";' "W +cm hBe" "t "h/' Y,"= @hR +]n thHdng 0Hf" 0et t9i "" / tL6 nhH 1$' P -" / tL6 "ht nghn DSt ";' #& tKng #& tKng "t thNU smi nh, tHdng nh, 0Hdng K tK, 1*n #]i= = === sHbnh 3$t -" nW" nh mi +" #gng #& tKng "t thNU sHbnh 3$t -" / tL6 tiSU giU tHdng nh "$B Ii mi nh th;U sHbnh 3$t

 -" / tL6 tiSU giU Ii DSt ";' )'y&n 7'$ mi sHbnh 3#t N:i tiSU giU #& tKng "hng th;m mi Ii tHdng "hhn mi sHbnh 3+t N:i tiSU giU met 0Hdng K tK Ii $ hQ Uh "" / tL6 #/ "hen +]n nO Dh" sHbnh 3Rt #/ @hR "B 0Hf" 0et t9i "" / tL6 t9B "hB DSt ";' "W thZ Uht 1inh St n.t "h5 0ng 0Z gi>i tB> .ng 1';t +B #iSn +9ng "B nO thRB thdi tiSt= @hR "B thHdng 0Hf" 0et O nhkng / tL6 nhH 1$' P -ht nghn "hi' +i #& tKng 0Hdng K tK sHbnh m$t, 1*n #]i -ht nghn "" mi hht sK ngt 7' +i sHbnh m#t -ht nghn "" mng nHI" s1& nKt 7' +i sHbnh m"t qW" "" 1& nK sHbnh m"t -ht nghn tHdng #& tKng 7' +i sHbnh m+t -ht "" mi +" #& tKng 7' +i hBe" "" DSt ";' mi +9ng 1i&' tlnh sHbnh mRt= qik$ 0 "$B "" Vm #& tKng "t thNU sHbnh mt
a) b)

c)

Kh# &'n n B tng chng thm

&) ()m ()m

Hnh 6- S v tr t khe dn trn kt cu

"/ 'hong c7ch khe co d(n nhi)t *mE i Ii DSt ";' "W met thBng YIn, "h/' t" 0ng "5$ Dh6 hF' n&n +et DhB>ng ""h ti 0$ nhH 1$' P $9i v:i khe d5n * `m$) w s39tm - @St ";' #& tKng DhKng "t thNU hBe" "W "t thNU ";' t9B "h/' t" 0ng tL," tiSU "5$ Dh6 hF' s B& tKng "hng th;m mi, 0Hdng K tK, 1*n #]i ===t= `m$) w T8m - @St ";' #& tKng DhKng "t thNU hBe" "W thNU ";' t9B, 0Hf" "hR "hhn #Oi #." )9 met tLdi s `IU #& tKng "hng th;m mi "W "hng nWng Uh6$ tL&n ===t= `m$) w 2?m - @St ";' #& tKng "t thNU "h/' t" 0ng tL," tiSU "5$ #." )9 met tLdi= `m$) w ?0m - @St ";' #& tKng "t thNU 0Hf" "hR "hhn #Oi #." )9 met tLdi snhH 1n, mi 0Hf" "hng nWng tHdng tLBng nh tHdng hcm === $9i v:i khe co * hF'= Ym$) w s39tm - -hB mCi DSt ";' #& tKng "t thNU "h/' t" 0ng tL," tiSU "5$ Dh6

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a)
Khe co Khe d n n

b)
m 6 9

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69m

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Kh# co

c)

Khe co

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T! "n# BTCT

d)

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Kh# co #)

Hnh ! - S v tr t khe co

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h*+

h*+

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a) b)

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G$H c$@p => lA8 <Ho $T Xl

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MC iC %L$ng T224?4h9m i U +8ng %i&' "h'(n i!n +Jn %h'Ft ngk- 0/nh nghl$ n&' "c' "hng n.t 0i Ii DSt ";' #& tKng #& tKng "t thNU Q'y tLbnh thi "Kng UhVng "hng n.t #& tKng ?=T ?=2 ?=2 ?=4 ?=? 3 3Bi!n UhU UhVng "hng n.t DSt ";' #& tKng Uht 1inh tLBng 7' tLbnh 0Wng Lhn 3=T 3=2 m8Ng'y&n th" "h'ng et DhR "B +]n nhi!t (m 0i Ii DSt ";' #& tKng "t thNU 9 9 T0 T? T3 Ng'y&n th" "h'ng= %hiSt DS thnh Uhcn #& tKng B>B ! hzn hfU #& tKng < 0cm #& tKng Bi!n UhU UhVng "hng n.t met tLBng nhkng gid 0c' 0Wng Lhn 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 ? ?

-Kng t" DiZm tL$ qhi "hNU YH' gik hA 1:=