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Ti liu k thut p dng VietGAP/GMPs

trong sn xut kinh doanh nng sn thc phm

S TAY
HNG DN P DNG
VietGAP/GMPs
Chui sn xut kinh doanh rau qu ti

D n c thc hin vi s ti tr ca Chnh ph Canada thng qua C quan Pht trin Quc t Canada (CIDA)

D N XY DNG V KIM SOT CHT LNG NNG SN THC PHM

s tay
hng dn p dng
VietGAP/GMPs
Chui sn xut kinh doanh rau, qu ti

H Ni, thng 4 nm 2013

Nhm tc gi :





Th.S Rene Cardinal


Th.S Jean Coulombe
T.S Lucie Verdon
T.S Caroline Ct
GS.TS Nguyn Quc Vng
Vin Nghin cu rau qu
Vin Bo v thc vt

Ban bin tp:


Th.S Nguyn Vn Dong


Th.S Bi Vn Minh

Th.S Hng Khanh


T.S Th Ngc Huyn
Th.S Trn Th Tng
T.S Nguyn Kim Chin
Th.S Phm Minh Thu
Th.S Cao Vn Hng
Th.S L Sn H
Th.S Cao Vit H
Th.S V Tun Linh

Bn quyn:  2013 D n Xy dng v kim sot cht lng Nng sn thc


phm (FAPQDCP) - Cc Qun l Cht lng Nng lm sn v
Thy sn (NAFIQAD) B Nng nghip v Pht trin Nng thn
Cc t chc c nhn c th ti bn n phm ny v mc ch gio
dc hoc phi li nhun m khng cn s ng trc bng vn
bn ca ni gi bn quyn nhng phi ghi r ngun.
B ti liu ny c xy dng v xut bn vi s ti tr ca

C quan Pht trin quc t Canada (CIDA).

Phn 1

LI GII THIU

- Phn 1 v 2: S tay hng dn p dng Thc hnh sn xut nng nghip tt


VietGAP chui sn xut rau, qu ti. Ni dung s tp trung vo phn tch nhn
din mi nguy t ra cc bin php kim sot, loi tr hoc gim thiu mi nguy
ca tng cng on sn xut ti ng rung (VietGAP);
- Phn 3: S tay Thc hnh sn xut tt (GMPs) trong s ch, ng gi phn
phi rau qu ti. Cc giai on sau thu hoch s c phn tch v nhn din
mi nguy t c bin php kim sot v loi tr.
- Phn 4: Kim tra, nh gi VietGAP/GMPs c s sn xut, s ch ng gi rau
qu ti. M t chi tit yu cu, phng php, mc li ca tng ch tiu nh gi
theo biu mu VietGAP; quy trnh v phng php ly mu t, nc, sn phm
cc c s p dng VietGAP/GMPs.
Ni dung ca phn 1, 2 v 3 s tp trung vo phn tch nhn din mi nguy t
ra cc bin php kim sot, loi tr hoc gim thiu mi nguy ca tng cng on sn
xut; cu trc ca cun s tay c phn chia lm cc ni dung chnh c lin quan, bao
gm: cc cng on trong qu trnh sn xut ti ng rung (VietGAP); v cc cng
on c lin quan n bo qun, s ch, ng gi, vn chuyn v kinh doanh (GMPs).
Trong khi , phn 4 ca cun ti liu s tp trung vo vic hng dn phng php
kim tra, nh gi cc c s theo tiu chun VietGAP/GMPs.
Ti liu do cc chuyn gia k thut Vit Nam v Canada bin son; c gp hon
thin bi cc nh khoa hc t cc Vin nghin cu, Trng i hc; cc nh qun l t
cc B ngnh c lin quan; cc c quan qun l chuyn mn v nng nghip ca cc
tnh/thnh ph v c bit l nhng c s sn xut kinh doanh tham gia m hnh im
p dng VietGAP/GMPs trong khun kh D n Xy dng v kim sot cht lng
nng sn thc phm (FAPQDCP).
Trong qu trnh bin son b S tay hng dn Thc hnh sn xut nng nghip
tt VietGAP/GMPs chui sn xut, kinh doanh rau, qu ti chc chn khng trnh
khi nhng thiu st, rt mong bn c thng cm v gp b sung.
GS.TS Sylvain Quessy
Ph trng khoa Th y
i hc Montreal-Canada
ng Gim c D n

T.S Nguyn Nh Tip

Cc trng, Cc QLCL Nng lm sn v Thy sn


B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn
ng Gim c D n

CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

Ngy nay, vic p dng Thc hnh sn xut nng nghip tt (VietGAP) khng nhng
nhm nng cao cht lng, an ton thc phm m cn hng n pht trin nn nng
nghip bn vng. Ti liu c cu trc thnh cc phn khc nhau:

MC LC
Ni dung

Trang

Phn 1 S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP trong sn xut rau ti ...............7


Phn I
M u................................... 7
Phn II
S qu trnh sn xut, thu hoch v x l sau thu hoch................................. 10
Phn III
Hng dn thc hnh VietGAP trn rau ................................................. 12
Chng 1
nh gi v la chn vng sn xut ......................................................................... 12
Chng 2
Ging rau v gc ghp............................................................................................... 15
Chng 3
Qun l t v gi th................................ 16
Chng 4
Phn bn v cht bn b sung................................................................................... 18
Chng 5
Ngun nc............................................................................................................... 20
Chng 6
Thuc bo v thc vt v ha cht. ................................... 22
Chng 7
Thu hoch v x l sau thu hoch.................................. 27
Chng 8
Qun l v x l cht thi................................. 32
Chng 9
Ngi lao ng .................................. 34
Chng 10
Ghi chp, lu tr h s, truy nguyn ngun gc v thu hi sn phm...................... 36
Chng 11
Kim tra ni b .................................. 38
Chng 12
Khiu ni v gii quyt khiu ni..................................... 39
Phn 2 S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP trn qu/tri cy ti................40
Phn I
M u................................. 41
Phn II
S qu trnh, sn xut, thu hoch ........................................................................ 44
Phn III
Hng dn thc hnh VietGAP................................................................................. 46
Chng 1
nh gi v la chn vng sn xut ......................................................................... 46
Chng 2
Ging v gc ghp................................. 49
Chng 3
Qun l t ............................................... 50
Chng 4
Phn bn v cht bn b sung................................................................................... 52
Chng 5
Ngun nc................................ 54
Chng 6
Thuc BVTV v ha cht. .................................... 57
Chng 7
Thu hoch v x l sau thu hoch.................................. 63
Chng 8
Qun l v x l cht thi................................. 68
Chng 9
Ngi lao ng .................................. 69
Chng 10
Ghi chp, lu tr h s, truy nguyn ngun gc v thu hi sn phm...................... 71
Chng 11
Kim tra ni b .................................. 73
Chng 12
Khiu ni v gii quyt khiu ni..................................... 74
Phn











3 S tay Thc hnh sn xut tt GMPs trong s ch, ng gi rau qu/


tri cy ti.......................................................................................76
1
Phm vi p dng...................................................................................... . ................ 77
2
Gii thch thut ng.................................................................................................... 77
3
S cc bc thc hnh......................................................................................... 78
4
C s, trang thit b nh s ch................................................................................. 80
5
Qun l vn hnh....................................................................................................... 83
6
Qun l sinh vt hi.................................................................................................... 85
7
Qun l cht thi......................................................................................................... 86
8
V sinh c nhn.......................................................................................................... 86
9
o to....................................................................................................................... 87
10
Ghi chp..................................................................................................................... 87
11
Vn chuyn................................................................................................................. 87

Phn 4 Kim tra, nh gi VietGAP/GMPs c s sn xut, s ch ng gi rau


qu ti ............................................................................................88
Mc I Bin bn kim tra, nh gi Quy trnh thc hnh sn xut nng nghip tt (VietGAP)
cho rau, qu, ch an ton . ........................................................................................ 89
Mc II Hng dn phng php kim tra, nh gi VietGAP c s sn xut rau, qu,

ch an ton . .............................................................................................................. 97
Mc III Bin bn kim tra, nh gi Thc hnh sn xut tt (GMPs) c s s ch,

ng gi rau, qu ti.............................................................................................. 122
Mc IV Hng dn phng php kim tra, nh gi Thc hnh sn xut tt (GMPs)

c s s ch, ng gi rau, qu ti....................................................................... 128
Mc V Bin bn kim tra, nh gi Thc hnh sn xut tt (GMPs) c s s kinh doanh

rau qu v ch.......................................................................................................... 143
Mc VI Hng dn phng php kim tra, nh gi GMPs c s s kinh doanh rau,

qu an ton............................................................................................................... 146
Mc VII
Quy trnh ly mu VietGAP/GMPs c s sn xut kinh doanh rau v qu........... 152
Ph lc
........................................................................................................165
Ph lc 1
Gi tr gii hn ti a cho php ca mt s kim loi nng trong t, gi th . ......... 165
Ph lc 2 Gi tr gii hn ti a cho php ca mt s kim loi nng, vi sinh vt gy hi trong

nc ti i vi sn xut rau, qu ti........................................................ 165
Ti liu tham kho................................................................................................166

T VIT TT
ATTP

BNNPTNT
BYT

BVTV

CCA
CCS
CIDA
DARD
ICM

IPM

IQMS

FAPQDCP
GAP
GMP
GPPs
SOPs
Logbook

MRLs

VietGAP
VSV

VPMU
QCVN
TCVN

TCs

HTX

An ton thc phm


B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn
B Y t
Bo v thc vt
C quan iu phi d n pha Canada
Chuyn gia k thut ngnh hng nng sn
C quan pht trin quc t ca Canada
S Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn
Bin php canh tc tng hp
Qun l dch hi tng hp
H thng qun l cht lng ni b
D n xy dng v kim sot cht lng nng sn thc phm
Thc hnh sn xut tt
Thc hnh ch bin tt.
Thc hnh sn xut tt (bao gm GAP v GMP)
Qui phm thc hnh chun
S ghi chp
Mc d lng ti a cho php
Thc hnh sn xut tt ca Vit Nam.
Vi sinh vt
Ban qun l d n ti Vit Nam.
Quy chun Vit Nam
Tiu chun Vit Nam
Nhm chuyn gia k thut
Hp tc x

Phn 1

6
S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs

PHN

S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP


TRN RAU TI

Nhm tc gi
T.S Lucie Verdon
Th.S Jean Coulombe
GS.TS Nguyn Quc Vng
T.S Nguyn Kim Chin

T.S Trn Th Tng


Th.S Hng Khanh
Th.S Phm Minh Thu
T.S Th Ngc Huyn

Vi s ng gp ca
Vin Nghin cu rau qu - Vin Khoa hc Nng nghip Vit Nam
PGS.TS Trn Khc Thi

T.S T Th Thu H
Th.S Phm M Linh
Th.S Ng Th Hnh
Vin Bo v thc vt Vin Khoa hc Nng nghip Vit Nam
T.S Nguyn Trng Thnh
T.S Nguyn Th Nhung
K.S Nguyn Th Me
Th.S Nguyn Xun

Phn 1

M U

1. Mc ch ca s tay
Cun s tay ny hng dn thc hnh VietGAP cho sn xut rau Vit Nam.
Ti liu ny s gip cc nh sn xut phn tch, xc nh cc mi nguy trong sut
qu trnh sn xut, thu hoch, x l sau thu hoch v cc gii php iu chnh
m bo sn phm rau c an ton v c cht lng cao, ng thi tin n
vic cp chng nhn VietGAP.

2. Phm vi v i tng p dng


2. 1. Phm vi
S tay ny p dng ch yu sn xut rau theo phng thc sn xut ngoi
ng, trong nh c mi che, trng trn t; c th tham kho khi sn xut rau trn
gi th hoc thu canh.
2. 2. i tng p dng
S tay ny phc v cho cc nh qun l, k thut, ging vin nng dn, cc t
chc chng nhn VietGAP v cc nh sn xut rau ti Vit Nam

3. Gii thch thut ng


3.1. VietGAP
VietGAP l tn gi tt ca Thc hnh sn xut nng nghip tt Vit Nam
(Vietnamese Good Agricultural Practices). VietGAP l nhng nguyn tc, trnh
t, th tc hng dn t chc, c nhn sn xut, thu hoch, x l sau thu hoch
nhm m bo an ton, nng cao cht lng sn phm, m bo phc li x
hi, sc kho ngi sn xut v ngi tiu dng; ng thi bo v mi trng
v truy nguyn ngun gc sn phm.
3.2. Mi nguy an ton thc phm (Food safety hazard)
L bt c loi vt cht ho hc, sinh hc hoc vt l no c th lm cho rau qu
ti tr nn c nguy c ri ro cho sc kho ca ngi tiu dng. C 3 nhm mi nguy
gy mt an ton thc phm (ATTP): ho hc (V d: kim loi nng, thuc BVTV),
sinh hc (V d: vi khun, vi rt ) v vt l (V d: mnh knh, cnh cy).

CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

Phn I

Phn 1

3.3. phn (Composting)


L mt qu trnh ln men sinh hc, t nhin m qua cc cht hu c c
phn hu. Qu trnh ny sinh ra nhiu nhit lng lm gim hoc tr cc mi
nguy sinh hc trong cht hu c.

S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs

3.4. Cc vt k sinh (Parasites)


L cc sinh vt sng v gy hi trong c th sng khc, c gi l vt ch (nh
con ngi v ng vt chng hn). Chng c th chuyn t vt ch ny qua vt
ch khc thng qua cc phng tin hoc mi gii khng phi l vt ch.
3.5. Cc vt ln tp (Foreign objects)
L cc vt khng ch nh cc mu thu tinh, kim loi, g, , t, l cy, cnh
cy, nha v ht c, ln vo bn trong hoc bm trn b mt sn phm, nh
hng xu n cht lng v s an ton ca sn phm.
3.6. Mc d lng ti a cho php, k hiu MRLs (Maximum Residue Limits)
L nng ti a ca ho cht trong sn phm con ngi s dng. MRLs c
c quan c thm quyn ban hnh. MRLs c n v l ppm (mg/kg). Tm li,
l d lng ho cht ti a cho php trong sn phm.
3.7. Khong thi gian cch ly, k hiu PHI (Pre-Harvest Interval)
PHI l khong thi gian ti thiu t khi x l thuc BVTV ln cui cng cho n
khi thu hoch sn phm ca cy trng c x l (nhm m bo sn phm an
ton v d lng thuc BVTV). PHI c n v l ngy v c ghi trn bao b
(nhn) thuc BVTV.
3.8. Truy nguyn ngun gc (Traceability)
Truy nguyn ngun gc l kh nng theo di s di chuyn ca sn phm qua cc
giai on c th ca qu trnh sn xut v phn phi (nhm c th xc nh c
nguyn nhn v khc phc chng khi sn phm khng an ton).

4. Cu trc ca s tay v cch s dng


Cun s tay ny gm 3 phn. Phn I M u, phn ny gii thiu mc ch,
phm vi iu chnh, i tng p dng s tay. Tip l gii thch thut ng, cu
trc s tay v hng dn s dng.
Phn II gm cc s v qu trnh sn xut, thu hoch; s x l sau thu
hoch. mi bc/cng on trong cc s ny s cp n cc mi nguy
ATTP c th xut hin gip ngi s dng s tay c cch nhn tng qut v
cc mi nguy trc khi cp n cch nhn din, kim sot v bin php gim
thiu s c trnh by chi tit Phn III.
Phn III l ni dung chnh ca s tay. Trong phn ny ln lt cc iu khon
ca tiu chun VietGAP trn rau qu s c th hin t chng t 1 n 12
theo th t: (i) nhn din cc mi nguy, phn tch nguyn nhn, ngun gc cc
mi nguy; (ii) cc bin php loi tr hoc gim thiu mi nguy v (iii) yu cu v
ghi chp, lu tr h s.

Phn 1

9
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

Phn u mi chng s bt u nh sau: (v d Chng 2)

Tn chng

Th t iu khon
trong VietGAP ban
hnh 28/01/2008

Chng 2.
Ging rau v gc ghp

Ln v ngy sot xt

iu khon
VietGAP

Ln sot xt:
02

2.1- 2.2

Ngy sot xt:


15-3-2013

Phn 1

10

S QU TRNH SN XUT,
THU HOCH V X L
SAU THU HOCH

S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs

Phn II

Cc s di y nu ln cc bc t khi gieo trng ti khi c sn phm rau


tiu dng. Mi bc tng ng c nhng u vo c th gy ra mt an ton sn
phm rau. Nhiu bc trong qu trnh sn xut xen k ln nhau.
S 1. Qu trnh sn xut rau v kh nng xut hin cc mi nguy
Cc bc

u vo

Tn chng

Chn lc v chun b a im sn
xut rau

t, phn bn,
cht b sung,
ngun nc

Sinh hc, ho hc

Gieo trng cy
rau

Ging (ht ging,


cy con), dng c
gieo trng

Sinh hc, ho hc

Ti nc

Nc ti, dng
c ti

Sinh hc, ho hc

Bn phn

Phn bn , nc
(bn l v theo
ng dung dch),
dng c bn

Sinh hc, ho hc

Qun l dch hi

Thuc BVTV,
nc, cng c ri
thuc

Sinh hc

Hot ng canh
tc khc

Dng c, vt liu

Sinh hc, ho hc

Qun l ng vt

Ho cht

Sinh hc, ho hc

Dng c thu
hoch, cha,
ngi thu hoch

Sinh hc, ho hc,


vt l

Sn xut

Thu hoch

S 2. Qu trnh x l sau thu hoch v


kh nng xut hin cc mi nguy
u vo

Loi mi nguy

1. Thu hoch

Dng c thu hoch,


cha, con ngi

Sinh hc, ho hc, vt l

2. Lm sch

Nc, dng c lm sch,


con ngi

Sinh hc, ho hc, vt l

3. X l s b, phn
loi, ng gi

Con ngi, dng c ng


gi, dng c cha ng

Sinh hc, ho hc, vt l

4. Xp, ng kin sn
phm

Vt liu xp, ng hng,


con ngi

Sinh hc, ho hc, vt l

5. Lu kho (Lm lnh,


x l bo qun)

iu kin v sinh, con


ngi

Sinh hc, ho hc, vt l

6. Vn chuyn

Phng tin vn chuyn


(xe c, dng c)

Sinh hc, ho hc, vt l

Ghi ch: cc bc 4, 5 thng ch c cc nh sn xut ln, khng ph bin


i vi quy m h gia nh

11
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

Cc bc

Phn 1

Phn 1

HNG DN THC HNH


VietGAP TRN RAU

12
S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs

Phn III

Chng 1.
nh gi v la chn
vng sn xut

iu khon
VietGAP

Ln sot xt:
02

1.1- 1.2

Ngy sot xt:


15-3-2013

1.1. Phn tch v nhn din mi nguy


TT

Mi nguy

Ha hc
D lng
ha cht bo
v thc vt
(BVTV) v
cc ho cht
khc vt
mc cho
php

Ngun gc

Cch thc gy nhim

-
 t, nc trong khu vc
canh tc b nhim thuc
BVTV (Tn d t trc sn
xut do cc loi thuc BVTV
c kh nng tn ti lu di,
bn vng trong t: nh
nhm ln hu c, phospho
hu c; do b r r ho cht,
thuc BVTV khu vc lin
k).
-V
 ng t trng, ngun nc
b nhim cc cht c ho
hc bn vng t cc my
mc thit b trong khu vc
sn xut hoc ho cht t
khu cng nghip, bnh vin
lin k

- Cy rau c th ht t t,
nc, tip xc v lu gi ho
cht lm d lng ho cht
trong sn phm c nguy c
cao hn ngng ti a cho
php (MRLs)
- Ho cht BVTV v ho cht
khc c th gy ng c cp
tnh v mn tnh cho ngi
v vt nui, c bit:
+ Cc thuc nhm ln hu c
v Cac-ba-mt gy c cp
tnh cao
+ Cc thuc clo hu c bn
vng gy nhiu bnh mn
tnh
+ Nhiu thuc BVTV khc gy
ri lon ni tit t gy nhiu
bnh nguy him cho con
ngi
- Nhm rau n c c nguy c
nhim cao hn cc loi rau
khc

II

Sinh hc
Vi sinh vt
gy bnh
(E. Coli, Salmonella .....)

- t, nc trong vng sn
xut b nhim vi sinh vt t
ngun nc thi chn nui,
nc thi sinh hot, bnh vin,
khu cng nghip ...

C loi vi sinh vt gy bnh


sng trong t, nhiu loi sng
trong ng rut ngi v
ng vt. Chng c th tip
xc lm nhim bn sn phm
rau, gy bnh v ly lan, nh
hng nghim trng n sc
kho ca ngi v vt nui
(gy bnh thng hn, kit l,
t, tiu chy cp, vim gan,...)
Nhm rau n c, n l c nguy
c nhim cao hn rau qu.

Vt k sinh
(Giun, sn,
ng vt
nguyn
sinh...)

- t, nc khu vc la chn
sn xut b nhim nc thi
sinh hot, khu chn nui

Cc sinh vt k sinh ch pht


trin trong c th ngi v
ng vt mang mm bnh.
Mt s loi tn ti dng bao
nang sng nhiu nm trong
t v l ngun gy bnh nguy
him. Sn phm rau c th l
phng tin ly lan cc sinh
vt k sinh t ng vt sang
ngi hoc t ngi ny sang
ngi khc, gy tiu chy ko
di, ri lon tiu ho,...
Cc loi rau n c c nguy c
cao i vi nhim ny

13
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

-H
 m lng kim loi nng cao - Cy rau c th ht kim loi
tn d trong t, nc khu
nng hoc sn phm rau tip
vc canh tc do c sn hoc
xc vi t nhim kim loi
bn phn nhiu c cha kim
nng c nguy c lm cho
loi nng trong thi gian di.
hm lng kim loi nng
-N
 gun kim loi nng pht thi
trong sn phm cao hn mc
ra t khu vc cng nghip,
cho php.
dn c v ng giao thng - K
 im loi nng cao trong c
lin k (qua nc thi, khng
th c th gy ng c cp
kh).
tnh nng hoc gy c mn
tnh (ph v h thng min
dch, vim khp v cc ni
tng,)

Phn 1

Kim loi nng


(Ch, cadimi,
thy ngn,
asen, )

Phn 1

14

1.2. Cc bin php nh gi, loi tr hoc gim thiu mi nguy

S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs

- La chn vng sn xut rau phi m bo iu kin sinh thi ti u cho mi
loi.
- Nh sn xut cn lp bn v vng t la chn cho sn xut rau trong
c phn nh cc l sn xut, khu vc s ch, nh kho, khu vc ho
cht...
-  Tm hiu lch s ca vng sn xut, mc ch s dng trc y l g, cc
hot ng c kh nng gy nhim ln t trng v nc ti khng?;
loi cy trng trc l g?
-  T chc ly mu t, nc theo phng php hin hnh v c thc hin
bi ngi ly mu qua o to, cp chng ch. Mu c gi phn tch,
nh gi v cc ch tiu ha hc, sinh hc ti cc phng phn tch c nng
lc v c so snh vi mc ti a cho php v iu kin sn xut an ton
ti Ph lc 1, 2 ca QCVN 01-132:2013/BNNPTNT (Trch dn ti Ph lc 1 v
2 ca S tay ny).
Nu kt qu phn tch cho thy mc nhim ca vng sn xut vt mc
ti a cho php th:
+ Tm hiu nguyn nhn,
+ Xc nh bin php x l thch hp nhm gim thiu ri ro (c th thng
qua t vn ca chuyn gia k thut),
+ Nu khng c kh nng kim sot c nhim theo nh gi ca chuyn
gia k thut th khng la chn vng t .
- Cc bin php lm gim mi nguy sinh hc ln vng sn xut:
+ Cch ly vng sn xut vi khu vc chn th vt nui, chung tri chn
nui. Bin php tt nht l khng chn th vt nui trong vng sn xut v
trong cht thi ca vt nui c nhiu cc sinh vt c kh nng gy nhim
ngun t v nc ti.
+ Nu bt buc phi chn nui th phi c chung tri v c bin php x
l cht thi ( hoai mc, s dng vi sinh vt hu hiu EM, Biogas,)
m bo khng gy nhim mi trng sn xut v sn phm sau khi thu
hoch.
1.3. Ghi chp h s
Thc hin theo S hng dn ghi chp.

Ln sot xt:
02

2.1- 2.2

Ngy sot xt:


15-3-2013

Ging cy rau bao gm cc loi: ht ging, cy con ging, c ging, cy ghp.


Ging rau phi c cung cp t nhng a ch r rng.
2.1. Phn tch v nhn din mi nguy

TT

Mi nguy
Ha hc

Ngun gc
Ging cy rau c
x l ho cht khng
an ton

Cch thc gy nhim


Nu s dng khng ng (qu liu, ho
cht c khng trong danh mc s dng)
c th tn d lu di v gy nhim ho
hc cho sn phm rau, c bit vi loi
rau c thi gian sinh trng ngn.

2.2 Cc bin php nh gi, loi tr hoc gim thiu mi nguy


- Ging s dng cho sn xut rau phi c ngun gc r rng khng dng
nhng ging tri ni trn th trng, nhn mc khng r.
- Ging t sn xut phi c h s ghi li y cc bin php x l ht ging,
cy con, ha cht s dng, thi gian, tn ngi x l v mc ch x l.
- Trong trng hp ging rau khng t sn xut phi i mua, phi c h s ghi
r tn v a ch ca t chc, c nhn v thi gian cung cp, s lng, chng
loi, phng php x l ging (nu c).
2.3. Ghi chp h s
Thc hin theo S hng dn ghi chp.

15
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

iu khon
VietGAP

Phn 1

Chng 2.
Ging rau v gc ghp

Phn 1

Chng 3.
Qun l t v gi th

16
S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs

iu khon
VietGAP

Ln sot xt:
02

3.1- 3.4

Ngy sot xt:


15-3-2013

3.1. Phn tch v nhn din cc mi nguy


t trng c th tr nn nhim trong qu trnh sn xut do c bn thm cc
ho cht vt t nng nghip. V vy, ngi sn xut cn phi ch ti vic nh
gi cc mi nguy xut hin trong qu trnh trng rau.

TT

Mi nguy

Ngun gc

Cch thc gy nhim

Ho hc
(D lng
thuc ho
hc v cc
ho cht
khc trong
t)

- S dng thuc ho hc
khng ph hp, ng cch
li d lng trong t
- Vt b bao b khng
ng quy nh; ngu
nhin hoc r r ho cht,
nhin liu vo t

Cy rau c th hp th ho cht
tn d trong t hoc sn phm
rau tip xc trc tip vi t v
c th b nhim ho hc.
Nguy c cao hn i vi rau n
c.

Hm lng
cc kim loi
nng (As, Pb,
Cd, Hg)

- S dng lin tc phn


bn c hm lng kim loi
nng cao
- Pht thi pht sinh t cc
khu vc lin k

Cy rau c th hp th kim loi


nng c hm lng cao trong t
hoc sn phm rau tip xc trc
tip vi t v c th b nhim
kim loi nng

Cc sinh vt
gy bnh
(Vi khun,
vi rt v k
sinh)

- S dng phn ti cha


qua x l
- Phn ng vt t vt nui
t khu vc sn xut v khu
vc lin k

Sinh vt gy bnh c trong t c


th gy nhim sn phm rau do
tip xc.
Nguy c cao hn i vi rau n
c, n l.

Vt k sinh
(Giun, sn,
ng vt
nguyn
sinh...)

Tng t i vi vi sinh vt Vt k sinh c trong t c th


gy nhim sn phm rau do
tip xc.
Nguy c cao hn i vi rau n
c hoc thu hoch sn phm
tip xc vi t

nh gi mi nguy
Hng nm, phi tin hnh nh gi
cc mi nguy tim n trong t v gi
th, bao gm cc mi nguy sinh hc
v ho hc. Vic nh gi mi nguy
c thc hin bng cch phn tch
hin trng vng trng, nu c nguy c
cao cn ly mu t v gi th mt
cch i din kim nghim, lm c
s nh gi mc nhim ho hc
v sinh hc ca chng so vi quy nh
hin hnh.
Nh sn xut tham kho v mc ti
a cho php i vi cc loi nhim
kim loi nng trong t nh trong
Chng 1.
X l vi mi nguy
Khi xut hin cc mi nguy vt
gii hn cho php nh sn xut phi
x l theo bin php tng t nh
Chng 1.
3.3. Ghi chp h s
Thc hin theo S hng dn ghi chp.

17
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

3.2. Cc bin php nh gi, loi tr


hoc gim thiu cc mi nguy

Phn 1

Nhn chung: cc mi nguy sinh hc v


ho hc t t i vi rau n l v rau n
c l rt cao v cy rau thng thp cy,
rt d tip xc vi t, cy d ht nhiu
nitrat v ho cht c hi ln sn phm
thu hoch (c, l) hn nhiu loi cy rau
khc.

Phn 1

Chng 4.
Phn bn v cht bn b sung

18
S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs

iu khon
VietGAP

Ln sot xt:
02

4.1 - 4.7

Ngy sot xt:


15-3-2013

Phn bn v cht bn b sung l nhng vt t u vo rt quan trng cho sn


xut rau. Phn bn cung cp cc cht dinh dng cho cy trng sinh trng,
pht trin nhng cng l nguy c gy nhim cho sn phm.
4.1. Phn tch v nhn dng cc mi nguy
TT

Mi nguy

Ngun gc

Cch thc gy nhim

Hm
lng kim
loi nng
cao (As,
Pb, Cd,
Hg,)

S c mt ca kim loi nng


(c bit l Cadimi) trong
cc loi phn bn v cht b
sung nh thch cao, phn
ng vt, phn ,

+ Hm lng kim loi nng t


phn bn v cht bn b sung gp
phn lm cho hm lng kim loi
nng trong t cao. Cy rau c
th ht kim loi nng lm cho sn
phm b nhim. c bit, nguy
c ny cao i vi rau n c do
nm di t.

Hm lng + t c hm lng m
Nitrat cao
(thng l m hu c)
+ Bn phn cha m (k
c hu c v v c) qu
mc hoc bn mun

Do ngun nitrat di do nn cy
rau hp th qu nhiu n mc
d tha lm cho hm lng nitrat
c tch lu cao trong sn phm
thu hoch. iu ny thng xy
ra cc loi rau n l, n thn,
n hoa do phn thu hoch l phn
non, cha nhiu m mm.

Cc sinh
vt gy
bnh (vi
khun,
vi rt, k
sinh)

+ nhim c th xy ra qua tip


xc trc tip ca phn bn hu
c vi phn n c ca cy rau
trong khi bn, ti vo t hoc
gin tip qua t trng b nhim.
+ Cc loi rau n l, n thn gn
mt t, rau n c c nguy c
nhim sinh hc cao vi loi phn
bn ny.

Cc loi phn chung, phn


bc, nc gii ca ngi v
gia sc cha qua x l hoc
khng t yu cu thng
cha mt lng ln cc sinh
vt gy bnh.

4.2. Cc bin php nh gi, loi tr hoc gim thiu cc mi nguy


nh gi nguy c nhim
Tng v phi nh gi nguy c nhim ho hc, sinh hc do s dng phn
bn v cht bn b sung, ghi chp v lu trong h s. Nu xc nh c nguy
c nhim trong vic s dng phn bn hay cht ph gia, cn p dng cc
bin php k thut nhm gim thiu nguy c nhim ln rau.

S dng phn bn
i vi phn hu c:
- Ch bn phn bn hu c c x l trit ; bn trc tip vo t, bn sm
v vi kn t (nu khng ph kn c th lm nhim phn lin k do tri dt
theo gi, ma);
i vi phn v c: cn bn liu lng theo quy trnh k thut cho mi loi
rau, ring phn m trnh bn qu mc v dng bn trc khi thu hoch t
nht 10 ngy.
Cc dng c bn phn v cht bn b sung phi c duy tr trong tnh
trng hot ng tt, sau khi s dng phi c v sinh v phi c bo
dng thng xuyn. Cc dng c chuyn dng lin quan n nh lng
phn bn phi c kim nh bi cn b k thut chuyn trch t nht mi
nm mt ln.
X l phn chung v tn d thc vt ti trang tri
- Trng hp khng t sn xut phn hu c, phi c h s ghi r tn v a
ch ca t chc, c nhn v thi gian cung cp, s lng, chng loi, phng
php x l.
- Trong trng hp t sn xut phn hu c t phn chung v tn d thc
vt: phi x l theo phng php c th ti Quy phm thc hnh chun v
phn bn hu c ti trang tri. Ni cha v x l phn bn phi c xy
dng cch ly vi khu vc sn xut, s ch v c vt liu che/ph kn sao cho
nc phn t ni x l khng chy vo ngun nc cp cho sn xut hoc
nh hng n khu vc khc.
4.3. Ghi chp h s
Thc hin theo S hng dn ghi chp.

19
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

Bo qun v vn chuyn phn bn v cht bn b sung


Tt c phn bn hu c, v c v cht bn b sung phi c ct tr v bo
qun iu kin kh thong, khng gy nhim cho cc vt t nng nghip
khc (VD: thuc BVTV, vt dng thu hoch) v sn phm thu hoch,
ng gi. Phn chung, tn d thc vt cn c lu tr ni ring bit
vi cc loi phn bn khc, khng gy nhim cho ngun nc v vng sn
xut. Nu pht hin c nguy c nhim ln khu vc sn xut lin k hoc
ngun nc, phi thc hin cc bin php khc phc (VD: kim sot ch r
r) gim thiu nguy c.

Phn 1

Mua, tip nhn phn bn v cht bn b sung


Phi la chn phn bn v cht bn b sung c th gim thiu c nguy c
v cc mi nguy ho hc v sinh hc. Ch mua, tip nhn v s dng cc loi
phn bn c trong Danh mc phn bn c php sn xut v kinh doanh
Vit Nam c B Nng nghip v Pht trin Nng thn ban hnh, ang c
hiu lc. Khng mua phn bn khng r ngun gc hoc cc loi phn bn
khng c bao b nhn mc hoc nhn gc.
Tuyt i khng s dng cc loi phn bc, nc tiu ca ngi v gia sc
bn cho rau.

Phn 1

Chng 5.
Ngun nc

20
S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs

iu khon
VietGAP

Ln sot xt:
02

5.1 - 5.4

Ngy sot xt:


15-3-2013

Chng ny s tp trung vo nc s dng sn xut, cc loi nc khc nh


nc ra sn phm s c trnh by trong S tay thc hnh s ch, ng gi
rau ti (GMP).
Nc c s dng trong qu trnh trng rau bao gm nc ti, nc dng
pha dung dch dinh dng, phn qua l v thuc BVTV; nc ra dng c
lao ng, bnh phun ri phc v cho cc hot ng ngoi ng. Ngun nc ti
thng l nc sng, h, ao ln, ging khoan, b cha
Cc ngun nc s dng cn c kim sot cc mi nguy theo yu cu VietGAP.
5.1. Phn tch v nhn dng mi nguy
TT

Mi nguy

Ngun gc

Cch thc gy nhim

Ho hc
(ho cht,
thuc
BVTV, kim
loi nng)

+ Ho cht (ho cht BVTV v cc


ho cht khc) b , r r hoc b
ra tri vo ngun nc chy t
cc vng ln cn n vng sn
xut.
+ Nc mt t sng, sui c th b
nhim bn ha hc (thuc tn d,
kim loi nng do chy qua khu cng
nghip, khu vc nhim tn d
ha cht, c bit l thuc BVTV).
+ Nc ging khoan c th b
nhim kim loi nng c bit l
Asen (As), Thy ngn (Hg)
+ Nc sinh hot khng t tiu
chun

+ Ti nc b nhim kim
loi nng th cy s hp th
qua b r v tch lu trong
cc phn n c. Cc loi
rau n c c nguy c b
nhim cao hn rau n l,
n qu.
+ Ti nc b nhim
trc tip vo cc phn n
c gn ngy thu hoch.
+ Ra sn phm bng
nc b nhim.
Rau n l c nguy c b
nhim cao hn.

Cc sinh
vt gy
bnh (vi
khun,
vi rt, k
sinh)

+ Cc loi vi khun, sinh vt k sinh


c mt trong nc ti c ngun
gc t cht thi ca con ngi v
ng vt c v. Do vy, nc t
sng, sui c th b nhim vi sinh
vt gy bnh nu chy qua khu vc
chung tri chn nui, chn th gia
sc, khu cha rc thi sinh hot
hoc khu dn c.

+ Tip xc trc tip ca


cc phn n c ca rau
vi: (i) nc ti b nhim
sinh hc vo gn ngy thu
hoch; (ii) nc ra sn
phm b nhim sinh hc.

5.2. Cc bin php lm gim thiu hoc loi tr mi nguy


Khng dng nc cha qua x l sn xut
Tuyt i khng dng nc thi cng nghip, nc thi t cc bnh vin, cc
khu dn c tp trung, cc trang tri chn nui, cc l git m gia sc gia cm,
nc phn ti, nc gii cha qua x l trong sn xut rau.
nh gi nguy c nhim ngun nc
Vic nh gi nguy c nhim ho cht v sinh hc t ngun nc s dng
cho: ti, phun thuc BVTV phi c ghi chp v lu trong h s.
Kim tra mc nhim ngun nc
Khi ngun nc c nguy c nhim cn ly mu kim tra. Vic ly mu
phn tch cn c thc hin nhng thi im c nguy c cao, v d nc
tip xc trc tip vi phn n c ca cy rau thi im gn thu hoch.
Vic ly mu phi c thc hin ng phng php v c gi n phng
phn tch c nng lc c cng nhn hoc ch nh.
i vi nc ti cn kim tra mc nhim v vi sinh vt v kim loi nng.
Mc gii hn ti a cho php ca cc kim loi nng, vi sinh vt gy hi trong
nc ti thc hin theo quy nh ti Ph lc 2 ca QCVN 01-132:2013/BNNPTNT nh gi (Trch dn ti Ph lc 2 ca S tay ny).
Ch s dng li ngun nc khi m bo khng ch c nguyn nhn
gy nhim v kt qu phn tch cho thy ph hp vi cc yu cu.
X l nc b nhim
Trng hp nc ca vng sn xut khng t tiu chun, phi x l theo
cc phng php chuyn ngnh v kim tra t yu cu v cht lng.
- i vi ngun nc b nhim ho cht th phi c thay th bng ngun
nc khc.
- i vi ngun nc nhim sinh hc, nu khng tm c ngun nc an
ton thay th c th khc phc bng bin php kh trng vi cc ha cht
c php s dng. Trc khi s dng ho cht x l nc cn tham
kho kin ca ngi c chuyn mn.
5.3. Ghi chp h s
Thc hin theo S hng dn ghi chp.

21
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

Rau n l c nguy c
nhim sinh hc t nc
ti cao hn rau n qu, n
c v b mt t nhin ca
nhiu loi khng ng u
v c th lu gi m, vi
sinh vt gy bnh. Mt s
loi rau, c, qu n sng
nguy c nhim sinh hc
t nc cao so vi rau nu
chn.

Phn 1

+ Nc mt t cc ao, h c th
nhim vi sinh vt (xc cht, phn
ca chim, chut, gia sc).
+ Nc t cc ging khoan c th
b nhim vi sinh vt do qu trnh
ra tri t cc khu vc nhim.
+ Nc x l sau thu hoch c
cp t ngun nc sinh hot b
nhim
+ Nc b nhim t nc thi
cha qua x l

Phn 1

22

Chng 6.
Thuc bo v thc vt
v ha cht khc

S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs

iu khon
VietGAP

Ln sot xt:
02

6.1 - 6.19

Ngy sot xt:


15-3-2013

6. 1. Phn tch v nhn dng cc mi nguy


TT

Mi nguy
Thuc
BVTV

+ S dng cc loi thuc BVTV


cm s dng;
+ S dng thuc BVTV khng ng
k s dng trn cy rau;
+ Khng m bo thi gian cch ly
ca thuc BVTV;
+ S dng thuc BVTV khng
ng qui nh (hn hp nhiu loi,
tng liu lng so vi khuyn co);
+ Cng c phun, ri km cht
lng (r r, nh lng sai,);
+ Thuc BVTV tri dt t vng lin
k;
+ D lng thuc BVTV tch ly
trong t t cc ln s dng trc;
+ Thuc BVTV bm dnh trong
dng c cha sn phm.

Cc ho
cht khc

+ S dng cc loi ha cht bo


qun khng c php hoc sai
qui nh;
+ S dng ho cht lm sch, ty
ra khng ph hp li d lng
trong dng c, thng cha,..
+ Nhin liu (xng, du), sn,
trn thit b, dng c thu hoch,
ng gi, vn chuyn gy nhim
trc tip ln sn phm v bao b
cha sn phm;
+ t, nc b nhim ha cht
t cc khu cng nghip, nh my
ln cn.

Ngun gc

Cch thc gy nhim

Thuc BVTV hp th hoc


bm dnh ln sn phm rau,
li d lng thuc bo
v thc vt cao qu mc
gii hn cho php.

li d lng trong sn
phm rau

S dng cn b chuyn mn
Ty theo qui m sn xut quyt nh vic thu, hp ng vi cn b k
thut c chuyn mn s dng thuc BVTV.
Trng hp cn la chn cc loi thuc BVTV v ha cht iu ha sinh
trng cho ph hp (dch hi mi, dch hi chng thuc, thuc mi) cn c
kin ca ngi c chuyn mn v lnh vc BVTV.
p dng bin php canh tc tng hp (ICM) v qun l dch hi tng hp
(IPM)
Cn p dng cc bin php qun l dch hi tng hp (IPM), qun l cy trng
tng hp (ICM) nhm hn ch ti a vic s dng thuc BVTV:
+ S dng ti a v hi ha cc bin php phi ha hc trong qun l dch hi
(bin php ging chng chu, bin php canh tc, bin php th cng c
gii, bin php sinh hc);
+ Khi cn thit phi s dng thuc BVTV cn s dng cc thuc c tnh chn
lc, c thp, nhanh phn gii trong mi trng v c thi gian cch ly
ngn.
+ c bit i vi cc loi rau ngn ngy (ci xanh, ci ngt, ci cc,...)
v cc loi rau thu hoch lin tc (c chua, da chut, mp ng, u
qu,...) phi ch trng chn thuc nhanh phn gii, nn dng thuc sinh
hc, tho mc x l dch hi vo thi k gn ngy thu hoch v phi trit
m bo thi gian cch ly.
Mua v tip nhn thuc BVTV
- Ch mua thuc BVTV t cc ca
hng c giy php kinh doanh
thuc BVTV trnh mua phi
thuc km phm cht, thuc gi,
thuc c c cao, thuc ht
hn s dng
- Ch mua v tip nhn thuc BVTV
trong danh mc c php s
dng cho tng loi rau ti Vit Nam.

23
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

o to v k thut s dng thuc BVTV


Ngi lao ng v t chc c nhn s dng lao ng phi c tp hun v
k thut s dng thuc BVTV bo m an ton v hiu qu.
- Ni dung tp hun:
+ Cy trng, dch hi v bin php phng tr bng thuc BVTV;
+ Cc mi nguy t vic s dng ha cht BVTV;
+ S dng thuc BVTV v cc ha cht khc an ton v hiu qu (s dng
thuc BVTV theo nguyn tc 4 ng: ng thuc; ng lc; ng nng liu lng; ng cch).
- Yu cu:
+ Ngi c tp hun phi nm c k thut v s dng thuc BVTV an
ton, hiu qu v c cp Giy chng nhn tham gia tp hun.
+ Lu gi cc Giy chng nhn vo h s.

Phn 1

6. 2. Cc bin php loi tr v gim thiu mi nguy

Phn 1

24

Danh mc thuc BVTV c B Nng nghip v PTNT ban hnh hng nm.
Danh mc ny c th tm thy trong trang website ca Cc BVTV
(www.ppd.gov.vn) hoc B Nng nghip v PTNT (www.mard.gov.vn).

S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs

S dng thuc BVTV


Phi s dng thuc ng theo hng dn ghi trn nhn hng ha hoc ca
c quan nh nc c thm quyn nhm m bo an ton cho vng sn xut
v sn phm.
Cc ni dung cn c bit ch trn nhn l:
- C c s dng trn rau hay khng
- i tng phng tr v cch s dng
- Thi gian cch ly.
-  c ca thuc: cn c vo vch mu trn bao b thuc (mu : nhm c
I; mu vng: nhm c II; mu xanh lam: nhm c III; mu xanh l cy: nhm
c IV).
- Hng dn s dng (nng , liu lng) an ton v bin php s cu.
- Hn s dng ca thuc BVTV.
Pha ch thuc BVTV
- Ch pha lng nc thuc va s
dng cho din tch cn x l.
- Cc hn hp thuc BVTV dng khng
ht cn c x l m bo khng lm
nhim sn phm v mi trng.
- Khng dng cc thuc pha t hm
trc s dng cho ngy hm sau. Nu
thuc pha khng s dng ht, cn thu
gom v x l theo ng quy nh, khng
xung ngun nc.
- Hn hp cc thuc bvtv khi x l cn thn
trng theo hng dn ca chuyn gia v
nu khng c th xy ra phn ng, dn
n thuc km hiu lc, c cho cy rau
hoc li d lng cao trong sn phm.
- Bao b thuc cn c sc ra 3 ln bng
nc sch, nc sc ra tr li bnh
phun.
m bo thi gian cch ly
Thi gian cch ly phi m bo theo ng hng dn ghi trn nhn thuc.
Dng c phun/ri thuc
Dng c phun/ri thuc phi m bo trong tnh trng hot ng tt. Sau mi
ln phun thuc, dng c phi c v sinh sch s v thng xuyn bo
dng, kim tra. Nc ra dng c cn c x l ni quy nh trnh
lm nhim ln mi trng v sn phm.
Kho cha thuc BVTV/ho cht
+ Kho cha thuc bvtv/ho cht phi m bo theo quy nh ca c quan

Qun l thuc tn ng v thuc ht hn s dng


Phi tin hnh vic kim tra, kim k ton b cac loai thuc ang c bo
qun trong kho vi tn sut ph hp m bo rng cc loi thuc ny
vn c php s dng v cn hn s dng, cn nguyn v bao b. Cc
loi thuc ht hn s dng, khng c bao b, khng c php s dng phi
c thu gom li bo qun ring ch tiu hy.
Cc ho cht khc
Cc loi nhin liu, xng, du v ho cht khc cn c lu tr ring nhm
hn ch nguy c gy nhim ln rau. Cc ho cht ny cn c cha mt
cch ring bit v thao tc thn trng nhm gim thiu nguy c nhim mi
trng.
Hnh ng khc phc li
Trng hp pht hin d lng thuc BVTV trong san phm rau ti vt
qu d lng ti a cho phep cn ngng ngay vic ban san phm. Tin hanh
xac inh nguyn nhn bng vic truy xut ngun gc cua l hang (xac inh
trang trai) va t o xem xet nhng im c th xut hin mi nguy nhim,

25
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

Qun l bao b thuc


Khng ti s dng cc bao b, thng cha ho cht. Nhng v bao b, thng
cha phi thu gom v ct gi ni an ton cho n khi x l theo qui nh
ca nh nc. Tt c bao b thuc sau khi s dng c tiu hy ng cch
gim thiu ti a vic gy hi mi trng.
Bao b thuc BVTV sau khi s dng c thu gom v tn tr vo ni cha
rc thi nguy him v c gn bin hiu trc khi em i tiu hy bi cc n
v c thm quyn.

Phn 1

chuyn mn, xy dng ni thong mt, an ton, c ni quy v c kha


cn thn. Phi c bng hng dn v thit b s cu. Ch nhng ngi c
trch nhim mi c vo kho.
+ Ch lu gi nhng ha cht c ngun gc v c nhn mc cn nguyn vn.
Khng c ct gi thuc BVTV cng vi cc nguyn vt liu khc (phn bn
c cha nitrat amon, nitrat kali hoc nitrat natri, clo) v c th xy ra phn ng
ho hc.
+ Trng hp cc thng, bao b cha thuc BVTV gc b h hng phi chuyn
sang bao b khc th phi m bo rng cc bao b, thng cha mi phi
c ghi li y cc thng tin trn nhn ca bao b bo qun gc trnh
vic s dng khng ng hng dn cua tng loai thuc.
+ Khng thuc BVTV dng lng trn gi pha trn cc thuc dng bt. Cc
thuc BVTV dng lng gi pha trn c th b hoc r r, ri xung ni
cha thuc dng bt di lm cho chng bin cht, mt tc dng ca thuc
v gy nhim cho ngi s dng v mi trng.
+ Phn chia ni bo qun thnh cc l ring bit vi bng thng bo cho cc
loi thuc tr su, thuc tr bnh, thuc tr c, thuc kch thch sinh trng,
thuc tr chut, thuc tr c, thuc ang ch tiu hy v cc ha cht khc
trnh s dng nhm ln.
+ i vi cc h nng dn c qui m sn xut nh, nhu cu s dng ha cht
t th c th thit k cc t thuc/ha cht. Nhng cng cn m bo cc yu
cu v an ton theo qui nh.

26

Nguyn nhn cua vic lai d lng thuc BVTV qua mc trong rau c th
l:

S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs

Phn 1

ng thi r sot qu trnh s dng thuc v trnh t trong quy phm s dng
thuc BVTV.

S dng cc loai thuc BVTV khng c ng k s dng cho loi rau


ang sn xut,
Hn hp khng chnh xc
S dng qu liu lng, nng
Khng m bo thi gian cch ly,
Dng c phun thuc b li, khng c v sinh v lm sch t nhng ln
s dng trc ,
Thuc BVTV c tri dt t cc khu sn xut lin k,
D lng thuc BVTV bm dnh trong cc thng cha, dng c thu
hoch
Thuc BVTV tn lu trong t, nc t cc ln s dng trc.

Trong trng hp ny, nhng hnh ng sa sai phi c thc hin ngay
ngn nga ti xut hin vic nhim:
o to li cng nhn
Kim tra thit b ong, o thuc, dung cu phun thuc,...
Cac s c xay ra va cac hanh ng khc phuc cn phai c ghi chep lai
chng to rng c s san xut, trang trai a tin hanh sa, khc phuc li. Vic
ghi chep nay cung se giup nha san xut, c quan kim tra xem xet cac vn
xay ra trong qua kh.
6.3. Ghi chp h s
Thc hin theo S hng dn ghi chp.

Ln sot xt:
02

7.1 - 7.7

Ngy sot xt:


15-3-2013

7.1. Phn tch v nhn din mi nguy


TT

Mi nguy

Ha hc

D lng
ha cht
x l sau
thu hoch,
ho cht
bo qun,
du m,

II

Sinh hc
Vi sinh vt
gy bnh
nh Shigella spp,
Salmonella
spp; virus
vim gan
A,...

Vt k sinh
nh giun,
sn,...

Ngun gc

Cch thc gy nhim

- S dng cc loi ho cht khng


c php s dng trong x l sau
thu hoch.
- S dng khng ng nng , liu
lng cc loi ho cht theo quy
nh.
- S dng cc thng cha, bao b
ha cht, phn bn, cha sn
phm.
- Dng c cha sn phm khng
m bo v sinh hoc dnh du m,
ha cht.

Sn phm b nhim ho
cht do tn d ha cht sau
x l sau thu hoch, do tip
xc vi cc thng cha,
dng c, bao b, khng
m bo v sinh

- Sn phm tip xc trc tip vi


Sn phm b nhim sinh
t, sn nh trong khi thu hoch,
hc do tip xc trc tip vi
x l sau thu hoch, ng gi v
cc ngun nhim.
bo qun.
- Cc thit b, dng c, thng cha
tip xc vi sn phm khng m
bo v sinh.
- Ngun nc s dng x l sn
phm sau thu hoch b nhim vi
sinh vt.
- Vt nui hoc ng vt gy hi
(gin, chut,...) hoc cht thi t
ng vt (phn, nc gii...) tip
xc vi sn phm hoc dng c,
thng cha sn phm.
- Ngi lao ng khng tun th
quy trnh v sinh c nhn, v d nh
tip xc vi sn phm m khng
ra tay sau khi tip xc vi ng
vt.

27
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

iu khon
VietGAP

Phn 1

Chng 7.
Thu hoch v
x l sau thu hoch

Phn 1

- Ngi lao ng khng iu


kin sc khe, mc cc bnh
truyn nhim nh vim gan, tiu
chy,...
- Phng tin vn chuyn sn
phm khng m bo v sinh.

28
S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs

III

Vt l
Cc vt l
nh t,
, mnh
thu tinh,
g, kim
loi, nha,
trang
sc,

- Dng c thu hoch, ng gi, bo


qun, vn chuyn sn phm b h
hi hoc khng m bo v sinh.
- Bng n ti khu vc s ch,
ng gi, bo qun khng c chp
bo v b v.
- Ngi lao ng ri trang
sc, kp tc, gng tay, ln vo
sn phm hoc thng cha sn
phm.

Cc vt l ln vo sn
phm trong qu trnh thu
hoch, x l sau thu hoch,
ng gi, bo qun, vn
chuyn.

7.2. Cc bin php loi tr hoc gim thiu mi nguy


7.2.1. Thit b, dng c v vt liu ng gi
Thit b, dng c v vt liu ng gi tip xc vi sn phm trong khi thu hoch
v sau khi thu hoch u c th l ngun gy nhim ha hc, sinh hc v vt l.
S dng thit b, dng c khng ng cch v t c v sinh, bo dng cng
l nguyn nhn gy ra nhim sn phm.
Vt liu, thit k
Thit b, dng c, thng cha v vt liu ng gi tip xc vi sn phm phi
lm bng cc vt liu khng gy c v khng cha tc nhn gy bnh. Cc
vt liu tr nh cht do, g, giy v thp l ph hp vi iu kin khng c
nguy c ly nhim t nhng ha cht dng x l chng ln sn phm.
Cc vt liu c ngun gc hu c nh rm cn c kh trng trc khi s
dng gim thiu ri ro nhim vi sinh vt ln sn phm. Thit b, dng c
v vt liu ng gi cn c thit k c kt cu thun li cho v sinh v bo
dng.
V sinh v bo dng
Cc loi thit b (nh bn ng gi, khay nha, ), dng c (nh dao, ko,
bn chi, v.v.), thng cha (nh st nha, thng g, gi tre,) cn c v
sinh v bo dng nh k trnh h hng v gy nhim sn phm. Xem
hng dn v v sinh v bo dng thit b, dng c ti Quy phm thc hnh
chun v v sinh thit b, dng c, thng cha sn phm. Nu sau khi v sinh
hoc sa cha thit b, dng c vn khng loi b c cc mi nguy tim n
th khng s dng cc thit b, dng c .

7.2.2. Thu hoch, ng gi v bo qun


Thu hoch rau khng m bo thi gian cch ly thuc BVTV, phn bn c th l
nguyn nhn gy tn d ha cht, nhim sinh hc trong sn phm.. Rau tip
xc vi t, sn nh hoc bt c b mt d bn no trong khi thu hoch, ng
gi, vn chuyn, bc xp cng c th gy nguy c nhim cho sn phm.
Cc bin php gim thiu mi nguy nhim sn phm:
Trc khi thu hoch:
m bo thi gian cch ly thuc BVTV v phn bn trc khi thu hoch sn
phm. Ngi sn xut phi lu gi h s s dng thuc BVTV v phn bn
v kim tra h s trc khi thu hoch sn phm kim tra tun th
thi gian cch ly.
Kim tra v loi b tt c cc vt l c nguy c gy nhim sn phm trc
khi thu hoch (xc ng vt, thc vt cht, h hng).
Trong khi thu hoch, ng gi:
Rau cn phi hi bng dng c thch hp. i vi nhng sn phm khng
m bo an ton cho ngi s dng phi phn loi ring trong khi thu hoch,
ng gi.
Ch s dng cc thit b, dng c v vt liu ng gi m bo v sinh trong
khi s ch, ng gi sn phm. Thit b, dng c phi trong trng thi s
dng tt ngn nga mi nguy vt l i vi sn phm.
Khng rau ti trc tip trn mt t hoc nn nh. C th s dng cc
vt liu sch nh giy, vi bt tri trn mt t, sn nh ngn nga bi bn,
cht nhim tip xc vi sn phm.
Cc vt l, rau b dp nt, h hng, tn d thc vt (cnh, l khng s dng
v.v) phi c loi b v chuyn n ni thch hp.
Ch s dng nhng dng c, thng cha v cc vt liu ng gi sch s cho

29
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

Thng cha bo qun sn phm


Cc thng cha s dng bo qun sn phm phi c nh du r rng
ch r mc ch s dng. V d, s dng cc thng cha c mu sc, kiu
dng ring hoc c nh du bng th tn hoc m s.

Phn 1

Bo qun v s dng
Thit b, dng c v cc loi vt liu ng gi phi c bo qun ti khu vc
cch ly vi cc loi ha cht nng nghip v c cc bin php ngn nga s
xm nhp ca ng vt gy hi (phn v nc gii ca cc loi gm nhm v
chim), bi bn. Cc bin php ngn nga ng vt gy hi c th l t by,
b, t cc thng cha v cc vt liu cch khi nn t hoc sn nh, che
chn dng c, thit b khi khng s dng. Cc vt liu ng gi s dng li
nh gi tre, thng g hoc thng nha ch c s dng trong cc khu thu
hoch, ng gi, dch chuyn v bo qun sn phm.

30

Nc ra sn phm v nc v sinh thit b, thng cha phi p ng quy


nh i vi cht lng nc dng trong s ch.

S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs

Phn 1

vic vn chuyn, ng gi rau ti. Chng phi trong tnh trng s dng tt
trnh ly nhim vt l cho sn phm.

 trnh ly nhim cho, rau sau khi ng gi phi cch ly vi sn phm


mi thu hoch cha ng gi (cha sch). Sn phm sau khi thu hoch v
sn phm ng gi phi c bo qun ti a im sch, khng c tc
nhn gy nhim sn phm v khng trc tip xung sn.
Sau khi ng gi, sn phm phi c thng tin m bo yu cu truy xut
ngun gc.
Xem hng dn chi tit v thu hoch v ng gi sn phm ti Quy phm thc
hnh chun v Thu hoch, ng gi v bo qun sn phm ti trang tri.
7.2.3. Ni ng gi sn phm ti rung/trang tri
Ni dng cho vic ng gi, bc xp, lu gi rau ti ti ng rung l nhng
khu vc c che chn nng, ma bng vt liu n gin (vm, tri, ln); t
ti v tr cao ro, cch xa chung tri chn nui, cha cht thi, ni phn hoc
khu vc bo qun vt t nng nghip (ha cht, phn bn) v c v sinh sch
s, m bo khng gy nhim cho sn phm trong qu trnh ng gi.
7.2.4. V sinh c nhn
Sn phm c th b nhim vi sinh do ngi lao ng (ngi ch hoc cng
nhn lm thu) hoc khch tham quan mang mm bnh tip xc trc tip vi sn
phm hoc gin tip do nhim ln thit b, dng c, vt liu ng gi. nhim
t nhng mi nguy vt l c th xy ra do ngi lao ng s sut lm ri trang
sc, gang tay, mnh vi, ming bng vt thng vo vt liu ng gi.
Cc bin php khuyn co gm:
Tp hun v thc hnh v sinh c nhn
Ngi lao ng phi c tp hun c nhn thc y v nguy c gy
nhim sn phm v tun th thc hnh v sinh c nhn. Cc ni dung tp hun
ny cn c trin khai hng nm hoc tp hun tng cng nu cn thit.
Hng dn chi tit v ni dung tp hun xem ti Quy phm thc hnh chun v
V sinh c nhn.
Ch dn thc hnh v sinh c nhn
tng cng vic thc hin v sinh c nhn, hng dn v sinh c nhn cn
c ph bin n ngi lao ng hoc nim yt ti cc v tr d nhn bit. Cc
hng dn ny cn vit di dng n gin, d hiu, d thc hin i vi ngi
lao ng, km theo cc hnh nh minh ha r rng.

nhim ha hc c th xy ra khi phng tin vn chuyn trc b nhim


do r r cc loi ha cht, du m hoc cc loi vt t nng nghip hoc do vn
chuyn ng thi rau ti vi cc loi ha cht.
nhim vt l c th xy ra do mnh g, kim loi hoc vt l t phng tin
vn chuyn hoc cc loi vt liu k lt ri ln vo vt liu ng gi hoc thng
cha sn phm. Bi t trn ng vn chuyn cng l mt nguyn nhn gy
ra mi nguy vt l.
Cc bin php khuyn co bao gm:
V sinh, bo dng phng tin vn chuyn
Phng tin vn chuyn phi c thng xuyn lm v sinh, bo dng
hn ch ti a nhim ln rau ti. Phng tin vn chuyn phi c kim tra
v sch, s r r ho cht v dch hi trc khi s dng.
nhim trong khi vn chuyn
Kim tra y thng cha khi xp chng
cc thng cha sn phm ln nhau
trnh dnh bm t hoc cc cht bn
ln sn phm. Nu cn thit, phi lau
sch y thng cha hoc khng c
xp chng cc thng cha ln nhau.
 trnh nhim sinh hc, ho hc
hoc vt l trong khi vn chuyn sn
phm, chng phi c ph bi nhng
vt liu bo v.
Khng vn chuyn sn phm, thng
cha sn phm cng vi cc hng
ha c kh nng gy nhim sinh hc,
ho hc hoc vt l ln sn phm. V
d: vn chuyn chung vi vt t nng
nghip, dng c hoc ng vt sng
...
7.3. Ghi chp h s
Thc hin theo S hng dn ghi chp.

31
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

7.2.5. Vn chuyn
Sn phm c th b nhim vi sinh do phng tin vn chuyn trc c s
dng vn chuyn phn chung hoc sn phm b h hng, thi ra. nhim
vi sinh cng c th xy ra do cc thng cha sn phm tip xc trc tip vi
cc thng cha khng m bo v sinh v s dng phng tin vn chuyn gia
sc, gia cm vn chuyn rau ti.

Phn 1

Nh v sinh
Phi c nh v sinh ph hp cho ngi lao ng s dng khi thu hoch ng gi
ti vn trng.

Phn 1

Chng 8.
Qun l v x l cht thi

32
S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs

iu khon
VietGAP

Ln sot xt:
02

8.1

Ngy sot xt:


15-3-2013

8.1. Phn tch v nhn din mi nguy


TT

Mi nguy

Ngun gc

Cch thc gy nhim

Ho hc

- Cc loi ha cht t v bao b


thuc BVTV, phn bn, thuc BVTV
phun cn tha, nc ra dng c
phun ri, bn phn v cc loi dng
c thit b my mc khc trong qu
trnh sn xut v sau thu hoch.
- Cc ha cht s dng bo qun
sn phm, ha cht ty ra, v
sinh.

Cc cht thi, rc thi c


ngun ha hc khng c
qun l tt l ngun gy ra
nhim v ha hc cho mi
trng canh tc (t, nc,
khng kh) v t gp
phn lm nhim sn phm
rau (d lng ho cht
trong sn phm cao)

Sinh hc

- Tn d thc vt trong qu trnh


sn xut, s ch v bo qun.
- Khu vc nh v sinh khng ng
qui nh, cht thi khng c kim
sot.

Tn d thc vt thng l
ni cha nhiu vi sinh vt
v k sinh gy bnh cho con
ngi v l ngun gy ra
cc mi nguy v sinh hc
cho sn phm.
Cc vi sinh vt gy bnh t
ngun cht thi ca khu vc
v sinh gy nhim vng
sn xut, s ch v nhim
ln sn phm.

Vt l

- Ni-lng, bu cy, khay nha hoc


cc vt liu, ph thi kh phn hy
trong qu trnh sn xut.
- Cht thi t v bao b ca qu
trnh ng gi.

y l nhng cht thi v c


khng hoc kh phn hy
gy nhim mi trng, ln
tp trong sn phm.

Phn 1

33
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

8.2. Cc bin php loi tr hoc gim thiu mi nguy


- S dng va nguyn vt liu nh phn bn v c, thuc BVTV, cht iu
ha sinh trng... trong qu trnh sn xut v cc cht x l sn phm trong
qu trnh sau thu hoch hn ch ho cht tha.
- Cc cht thi nguy him (ho cht qu hn, v bao b ho cht,) cn phi
thu gom tp trung v gi i x l bi cc c quan chuyn trch. Mi khu vc
sn xut hoc ni pha ch thuc BVTV cn c b tr mt b/thng cha v
bao b thuc BVTV qua s dng, khng c vt v bao thuc BVTV mt
cch ba bi.
- H thng nc thi, khu vc cha rc thi phi c xy dng m bo
khng gy nhim bn cho vng sn xut v khu vc nh xng sau thu
hoch. C th:
+ Phi c cc thng cha, b cha nc thi t khu vc s ch ng gi.
Nc thi phi c dn bng h thng ng thot kn v x vo h thng
nc thi chung ca khu vc.
+ Khu vc cha rc thi phi c cch ly vi khu vc sn xut, s ch
ng gi sn phm. Khu vc ny tt nht c xy tng bao, nn lt
gch v c h thng dn nc thi m bo trong iu kin tri ma
khng nh hng ti khu vc sn xut, s ch sn phm.
- Cc cht thi hu c cn c x l ( hoai mc) lm ngun phn hu c b
sung cho t. Khu vc phi c cch ly v m bo khng gy nhim
cho vng sn xut.
- Cc cht thi v c khng hoc kh phn hy cn thu gom a i ti ch
hoc phi hp vi cc cng ty mi trng th c bin php x l. Tuyt
i khng vt ba bi hay chn lp nhng rc thi loi ny.
8.3. Ghi chp h s
Thc hin theo S hng dn ghi chp.

Phn 1

Chng 9.
Ngi lao ng

34
S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs

iu khon
VietGAP

Ln sot xt:
02

8.1

Ngy sot xt:


15-3-2013

9.1. An ton lao ng


Ngi lao ng phi c cung cp cc bin php tr gip y t khi cn thit.
Trong trng hp c s c do tip xc vi ha cht, ngi lao ng phi c
tr gip y t ban u ti trang tri v a n c s y t trong thi gian gn
nht.
Ngi lao ng chu trch nhim qun l v s dng ha cht phi c kin thc
v k nng cn thit v s dng ha cht v k nng ghi chp h s. Khi thao
tc vi ha cht (v d: phun thuc BVTV), ngi lao ng phi c cung cp
qun o bo h v cc trang b bo h cn thit (knh, mt n, gng tay, ) v
c o to v quy nh an ton ti ni cha ho cht. Cn c bin thng bo
ni mi phun xt thuc bo v thc vt cnh bo ngi lao ng v khch
tham quan.
9.2. iu kin lm vic
Ngi lao ng phi c cung cp trang b bo h ph hp vi yu cu cng
vic v iu kin lm vic (qun o, phng tin bo h khi phun thuc). Cc
phng tin, trang thit b, cng c (cc thit b in v c kh) phi thng
xuyn c kim tra, bo dng nhm trnh gy tai nn cho ngi s dng.
Phi c quy trnh thao tc an ton nhm hn ch ti a ri ro khi di chuyn hoc
nng cc vt nng.
9.3. Phc li x hi
Ngi lao ng phi c tui ph hp theo quy nh ca Vit Nam. Trong
trng hp cn thit, ngi lao ng cn c b tr nh v nhng dch v c
bn (in, nc, ). Lng, th lao bi thng cho ngi lao ng phi hp l,
tun th ng quy nh ca Vit Nam.
9.4. o to, tp hun
Trc khi lm vic, ngi lao ng phi c thng bo v cc ri ro lin quan
n sc khe v an ton lao ng.

Tp hun v s dng thuc bo v thc vt


Ngi s dng thuc (lao ng hoc nhn vin k thut) phi c kin thc v
bit lm th no s dng ho cht an ton, hiu qu.
Nhng sai st trong vic la chn, ho thuc v phun xt thuc c th dn n
d lng vt ngng cho php. o to tp hun l bin php quan trng m
bo ngi sn xut v ngi lao ng c y kin thc v k nng. V d:
ngi c phn cng chu trch nhim v s dng ho cht nng nghip phi
c kin thc v tt c lnh vc v c kh nng o to ngi lao ng. Nhng
ngi s dng thuc cn phi c kin thc v k thut v my phun thuc, chun
b v ho trn thuc, cch thc phun xt, s dng ho cht an ton v bit x l
ni thch hp trong trng hp nc thuc pha cn tha, k nng s cu
cho bn thn.
9.5. Ghi chp h s
Thc hin theo S hng dn ghi chp.

35
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

Tp hun v an ton thc phm


Ngi lao ng c kh nng tc ng n mc an ton ca sn phm phi
c trang b kin thc v cc k nng cn thit. Nh sn xut cn c k hoch
o to thch hp cho ngi lao ng ti cc cng on ny. Hnh thc o to
c th l o to trc tip, ti ch hoc o to tp trung. Cc kha o to b
sung hoc nng cao cng cn c t chc m bo rng ngi lao ng c
nhn thc ng v cc mi nguy gy mt ATTP v cc bin php gim thiu ri
ro nhim ln sn phm.

Phn 1

Ngi lao ng phi c tp hun v cc ni dung sau:


Phng php s dng cc trang thit b, dng c.
Cc hng dn s cu tai nn lao ng.
S dng an ton cc ho cht, v sinh c nhn.

Phn 1

36

Chng 10.
Ghi chp, lu tr h s, truy
nguyn ngun gc v thu hi
sn phm

S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs

iu khon
VietGAP

Ln sot xt:
03

10.1-10.9

Ngy sot xt:


15-3-2013

10.1. Ghi chp, lu gi h s


- H s ghi chp l bng chng v vic thc hin VietGAP v l c s iu
tra nguyn nhn mt ATTP. H s ghi chp theo VietGAP bao gm:
+ S khu vc sn xut;
+ H s v ly mu, phn tch t, nc;
+ S ghi chp mua hoc sn xut ging cy trng;
+ S ghi chp mua, s dng phn bn, cht bn b sung;
+ S ghi chp mua, s dng thuc bo v thc vt;
+ S ghi chp v thu hoch v x l sau thu hoch;
+ S ghi chp xut bn sn phm;
+ H s v o to, tp hun ngi lao ng;
+ Bng kim tra, nh gi c lin quan;
+ Cc ti liu, vn bn khc.
- H s ghi chp l h thng qun l nhn din, truy xut, kp thi pht hin
cc sn phm khng an ton, thu hi v xc nh nguyn nhn nhim, do
cn p ng cc yu cu sau:
+ C h thng tn gi hoc m s/k hiu i vi mi l/tha sn xut.
+ C h thng m s/k hiu nhn din i vi mi l rau sau khi ng gi.
+ Tn hoc m s ca cc l/tha sn xut phi c ghi r trong bn
trang tri/khu vc sn xut. Ti mi l/tha sn xut phi c bng k hiu
r tn/m s l.
+ Tn hoc m s ca mt l/tha sn xut phi c ghi r trn tt c
cc ti liu v h s lin quan n a im sn xut thc hin truy
nguyn ngun gc ti trang tri.
- H s ghi chp phi c lu gi t nht 2 nm theo quy nh hoc theo yu
cu ca khch hng.
- Cc ti liu lu gi trong h s sn xut theo VietGAP phi l cc ti liu ang
cn hiu lc. Bt k ti liu no ht hiu lc phi c loi b. Ngy sot
xt ti liu phi c ghi r trong h s xc nh phin bn mi nht ca
ti liu.

10.3. Quy trnh iu tra nguyn nhn nhim v thu hi sn phm


- Trong trng hp pht hin sn phm b nhim hoc c nguy c nhim,
phi ngng vic xut bn sn phm.
- Nu sn phm vn ang trang tri, phi cch ly khi cc sn phm khc
v ngng phn phi. Nu sn phm c xut bn, phi thng bo n
ngi mua hng v tin hnh thu hi sn phm. Sn phm b nhim v c
ri ro cao i vi sc khe ngi tiu dng phi b tiu hy sau khi thu hi.
- Tin hnh iu tra nguyn nhn ly nhim v tin hnh cc bin php khc
phc sai li v ngn chn ti nhim: truy xut li ton b qu trnh sn xut
ca l hng t khi pht hin nhim n ni sn xut; cn c vo h s ghi
chp xc nh nguyn nhn c th gy nhim.
- Sau khi xc nh c nguyn nhn gy nhim, phi tin hnh bin php
ngn chn trnh ti nhim.
- Ghi chp v lu gi h s iu tra nguyn nhn nhim v hnh ng khc
phc ti trang tri.

37
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

- Sn phm phi c ghi nhn gip vic truy nguyn ngun gc c
d dng. Nhn hng ha cn c cc thng tin c bn phc v cho vic truy
nguyn ngun gc nh sau:
+ Tn sn phm
+ Khi lng
+ L sn xut/Ngy sn xut
+ Tn gi, a ch n v sn xut
+ Hng dn s dng, bo qun
- Thng cha sn phm phi c nhn truy xut c ngun gc ti trang
tri. Cn c bin php phn bit thng cha sn phm vn chuyn n ni
tiu th vi thng cha sn phm khi thu hoch.
- Nhn thng cha hoc nhn sn phm cn c lm bng vt liu chng
thm nc trnh b bong, rch.
- Nu c nhiu a im sn xut trong cng mt trang tri, k hiu ca mi a
im sn xut cn c ghi r trn nhn thng cha c th thc hin truy
xut n tng a im sn xut. Nu c sn phm ca nhiu trang tri khc
nhau, tn hoc m s ca mi trang tri phi c ghi r trn nhn thng
cha truy xut c ngun gc sn phm.

Phn 1

10.2. Nhn sn phm

Phn 1

38

Chng 11.
Kim tra ni b

S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs

iu khon
VietGAP

Ln sot xt:
02

11.1-11.3

Ngy sot xt:


15-3-2013

1. Kim tra ni b l hnh ng xem xt li vic p dng VietGAP. Nh sn xut


c th t thc hin kim tra ni b hoc thu kim tra vin. Thng qua kim
tra ni b, nh sn xut c th xc nh mc ph hp cc thc hnh vi
yu cu ca VietGAP v tin hnh cc bin php khc phc cc sai li (nu
c) ngn nga vic lp li sai li.
2.  m bo tt c thnh vin cng tun th cc thc hnh sn xut theo
VietGAP, t chc hoc c nhn sn xut theo VietGAP phi xy dng mt h
thng qun l cht lng trong nhm sn xut hoc trang tri. Mt s gi v
m hnh h thng qun l cht lng trong trang tri hoc t hp tc qun
l vic thc hin VietGAP v thc hin nh gi ni b nh sau:
- i din qun l VietGAP: l ngi chu trch nhim qun l ton b vic thc
hin VietGAP trong nhm sn xut hoc trang tri, c th l ch nhim Hp
tc x, t trng t sn xut hoc ch trang tri.
- nh gi vin ni b: l ngi ca n v hoc ca c quan t vn bn ngoi,
chu trch nhim kim tra ni b cho tng thnh vin trong nhm sn xut
hoc trang tri. nh gi vin ni b phi c o to, tp hun cc kin
thc, k nng cn thit cho vic kim tra.
- Nhn vin ph trch k thut: l ngi chu trch nhim h tr, chuyn giao k
thut, tp hun thc hin VietGAP cho ngi lao ng trong nhm sn xut
hoc trang tri.
- T trng t sn xut: l ngi chu trch nhim trc tip theo di, gim st,
n c cc thnh vin trong t tun th cc yu cu ca VietGAP trong qu
trnh sn xut.
3. nh gi ni b cn c thc hin nh k hng thng hoc hng qu. Vic
nh gi nn c thc hin ti thi im ang din ra hnh ng hay qu
trnh sn xut. V d, ti thi im thu hoch, nn tin hnh nh gi li cc
quy trnh thc hnh trong thu hoch, ng gi, xut bn sn phm. Vic nh
gi thc hnh s dng thuc bo v thc vt nn c thc hin ti thi im
trc khi thu hoch.
Tham kho bng kim tra gim st ni b v hng dn kim tra, nh gi ti ti
liu Hng dn xy dng h thng qun l cht lng ni b (IQMS).

Ln sot xt:
02

12.1-12.2

Ngy sot xt:


15-3-2013

1. T chc v c nhn sn xut theo VietGAP phi c sn mu khiu ni khi


khch hng c yu cu, tham kho mu n khiu ni nh sau:
(Phn dnh cho khch hng)
Ngy:..............................................................................................................
Knh gi:.........................................................................................................
Tn khch hng, a ch:................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
Vn khiu ni:............................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
(Phn dnh cho nh sn xut)
Xc nh sai li trong quy trnh:
C
Khng
Nu c, th quy trnh no c sai li:................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
Bin php x l i vi sn phm:.................................................................
Bin php khc phc:.....................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
Ngi chu trch nhim khc phc:................................................................
Ch c s:......................................................................................................

2. Trong trng hp c khiu ni, t chc v c nhn sn xut theo VietGAP


phi c trch nhim gii quyt theo quy nh ca php lut, ng thi lu n
khiu ni v kt qu gii quyt vo h s.
Trnh t khiu ni v gii quyt khiu ni:
- i din nh sn xut tip nhn h s v hn thi gian tr li
- Cn c ni dung n khiu ni xc nh nguyn nhn v xc nh ngi
chu trch nhim v tm bin php khc phc.
- Trng hp khiu ni cha c gii quyt tha ng, hai bn cn phi
thng bo cho cc c quan c thm quyn.

39
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

iu khon
VietGAP

Phn 1

Chng 12.
Khiu ni v gii quyt
khiu ni

Phn 2

40
S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs

PHN

S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP


TRN QU/TRI CY TI

Nhm tc gi
T.S Lucie Verdon
Th.S Jean Coulombe
GS.TS Nguyn Quc Vng
T.S Nguyn Kim Chin

Th.S Trn Th Tng


Th.S Hng Khanh
Th.S Phm Minh Thu
T.S Th Ngc Huyn

Vi s ng gp ca
Vin Nghin cu rau qu - Vin Khoa hc Nng nghip Vit Nam
PGS.TS Trn Khc Thi

T.S T Th Thu H
Th.S Phm M Linh
Th.S Ng Th Hnh
Vin Bo v thc vt Vin Khoa hc Nng nghip Vit Nam
T.S Nguyn Trng Thnh
T.S Nguyn Th Nhung
K.S Nguyn Th Me
Th.S Nguyn Xun

Phn 2

M U

1. Mc ch ca s tay
Cun s tay ny hng dn thc hnh VietGAP cho sn xut qu Vit Nam.
Ti liu ny s gip cc nh sn xut phn tch, xc nh cc mi nguy trong sut
qu trnh sn xut, thu hoch, x l sau thu hoch v cc gii php iu chnh
m bo sn phm qu c an ton v c cht lng cao, ng thi tin n
vic cp chng nhn VietGAP.

2. Phm vi v i tng p dng


2. 1. Phm vi
S tay ny gm cc hng dn thc hnh v sinh chung v cc iu kin an ton
cho ngi lao ng trong khi trng trt, thu hoch, v ng gi (ti vn trng).
Cc hng dn thc hnh ny c th c p dng rng ri trong sn xut nhiu
loi qu nh: thanh long, cam, qut, chui, su ring, nho, vi, nhn, xoi, mng
cu, u , da v chm chm...
2. 2. i tng p dng
S tay ny phc v cho cc nh qun l, k thut, ging vin nng dn, cc t
chc chng nhn VietGAP v cc nh sn xut qu ti Vit Nam

3. Gii thch thut ng


3.1. VietGAP
VietGAP l tn gi tt ca Thc hnh sn xut nng nghip tt Vit Nam
(Vietnamese Good Agricultural Practices). VietGAP l nhng nguyn tc, trnh
t, th tc hng dn t chc, c nhn sn xut, thu hoch, x l sau thu hoch
nhm m bo an ton, nng cao cht lng sn phm, m bo phc li x
hi, sc kho ngi sn xut v ngi tiu dng; ng thi bo v mi trng
v truy nguyn ngun gc sn phm.
3.2. Mi nguy an ton thc phm (Food safety hazard)
L bt c loi vt cht ho hc, sinh hc hoc vt l no c th lm cho qu ti
tr nn c nguy c ri ro cho sc kho ca ngi tiu dng. C 3 nhm mi nguy
gy mt an ton thc phm (ATTP): ho hc (V d: kim loi nng, thuc BVTV),

CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

Phn I

41

Phn 2

42

sinh hc (V d: vi khun, vi rt ) v vt l (V d: mnh knh, cnh cy).

S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs

3.3. phn (Composting)


L mt qu trnh ln men sinh hc, t nhin m qua cc cht hu c c
phn hu. Qu trnh ny sinh ra nhiu nhit lng lm gim hoc tr cc mi
nguy sinh hc trong cht hu c.
3.4. Cc vt k sinh (Parasites)
L cc sinh vt sng v gy hi trong c th sng khc, c gi l vt ch (nh
con ngi v ng vt chng hn). Chng c th chuyn t vt ch ny qua vt
ch khc thng qua cc phng tin hoc mi gii khng phi l vt ch.
3.5. Cc vt ln tp (Foreign objects)
L cc vt khng ch nh cc mu thu tinh, kim loi, g, , t, l cy, cnh
cy, nha v ht c, ln vo bn trong hoc bm trn b mt sn phm, nh
hng xu n cht lng v s an ton ca sn phm.
3.6. Mc d lng ti a cho php, k hiu MRLs (Maximum Residue Limits)
L nng ti a ca ho cht trong sn phm con ngi s dng. MRLs c
c quan c thm quyn ban hnh. MRLs c n v l ppm (mg/kg). Tm li,
l d lng ho cht ti a cho php trong sn phm.
3.7. Khong thi gian cch ly, k hiu PHI (Pre-Harvest Interval)
PHI l khong thi gian ti thiu t khi x l thuc BVTV ln cui cng cho n
khi thu hoch sn phm ca cy trng c x l (nhm m bo sn phm an
ton v d lng thuc BVTV). PHI c n v l ngy v c ghi trn bao b
(nhn) thuc BVTV.
3.8. Truy nguyn ngun gc (Traceability)
Truy nguyn ngun gc l kh nng theo di s di chuyn ca sn phm qua cc
giai on c th ca qu trnh sn xut v phn phi (nhm c th xc nh c
nguyn nhn v khc phc chng khi sn phm khng an ton).

4. Cu trc ca s tay v cch s dng


Cun s tay ny gm 3 phn. Phn I M u, phn ny gii thiu mc ch,
phm vi iu chnh, i tng p dng s tay. Tip l gii thch thut ng, cu
trc s tay v hng dn s dng.
Phn II gm cc s v qu trnh sn xut, thu hoch; s x l sau thu
hoch. mi bc/cng on trong cc s ny s cp n cc mi nguy
ATTP c th xut hin gip ngi s dng s tay c cch nhn tng qut v
cc mi nguy trc khi cp n cch nhn din, kim sot v bin php gim
thiu s c trnh by chi tit Phn III.
Phn III l ni dung chnh ca s tay. Trong phn ny ln lt cc iu khon
ca tiu chun VietGAP trn rau qu s c th hin t chng t 1 n 12
theo th t: (i) nhn din cc mi nguy, phn tch nguyn nhn, ngun gc cc
mi nguy; (ii) cc bin php loi tr hoc gim thiu mi nguy v (iii) yu cu v
ghi chp, lu tr h s.

Phn 2

Phn u mi chng s bt u nh sau: (v d Chng 2)

43

Chng 2.
Cy ging v gc ghp

Ln v ngy sot xt

iu khon
VietGAP

Ln sot xt:
02

2.1- 2.2

Ngy sot xt:


15-3-2013

Phn IV l cc ph lc, bao gm cc biu mu ghi chp, danh mc cc vn bn


php lut c lin quan v bng kim tra phc v vic kim tra, nh gi ni
b hoc t kim tra.

CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

Tn chng

Th t iu khon
trong VietGAP ban
hnh 28/01/2008

Phn 2

S QU TRNH SN XUT,
THU HOCH

44
S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs

Phn II

Cc s di y nu ln cc cng on t khi gieo trng ti khi c sn phm


qu ti trn vn trng. Mi cng on tng ng c nhng u vo c th
gy ra mt an ton thc phm. Nhiu cng on trong qu trnh sn xut xen k
ln nhau.
S 1. Qu trnh sn xut ngoi ng v cc mi nguy
Cc cng on

u vo

Loi mi nguy

La chn v chun b vn trng

t, phn bn,
cht b sung,
ngun nc

Sinh hc, ho hc

Trng cy

Ging (cy ging) v


gc ghp, dng c

Khng c mi nguy

Ti nc

Nc ti, dng
c ti nc

Sinh hc

Bn phn

Phn bn, nc
(qua l v phn
bn dng lng), cc
dng c bn phn

Sinh hc, ho hc

Phng tr dch
hi

Thuc BVTV,
nc, dng c
phun xt

Ho hc, sinh
hc (qua nc s
dng)

Cc bin php
canh tc khc

Dng c, nguyn
liu

Khng c mi nguy

Kim sot ng vt

Phn, nc tiu

Sinh hc, ho hc

Dng c thu
hoch, cha,
ngi thu hoch

Sinh hc, ho hc,


vt l

Sn xut

Thu hoch

u vo

Loi mi nguy

Thu hoch

Dng c thu hoch,


cha ng, nhn cng

Sinh hc, ho hc, vt l

C ra v sinh

Cng c, nc, bnh/


b cha nc, cht kh
trng (chlorination hoc
ozone), nhn cng

Sinh hc, ho hc

Sp xp v phn loi

Dng c, cha v
nhn cng

Sinh hc

ng gi (ti vn
trng hoc nh ng
gi)

Vt liu ng gi,
cha ng v nhn cng

Sinh hc, ho hc, vt l

Bo qun (tm thi)

iu kin bo qun, nhn


cng

Sinh hc, ho hc, vt l

Vn chuyn

Phng tin vn chuyn


(phng tin, thit b)

Sinh hc, ho hc, vt l

Ghi ch: cc bc 4, 5 thng ch c cc nh sn xut ln, khng ph bin


i vi quy m h gia nh

45
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

Cc bc

Phn 2

S 2: Thu hoch, vn chuyn v ng gi ti vn trng

Phn 2

HNG DN THC HNH


VietGAP

46
S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs

Phn III

Chng 1.
nh gi v la chn vng
sn xut

iu khon
VietGAP

Ln sot xt:
02

1.1- 1.2

Ngy sot xt:


15-3-2013

m bo an ton v cht lng sn phm, vic la chn vng trng l rt


quan trng v cn quan tm u tin. Vng trng c th chu nh hng ca
nhiu loi mi nguy nh vi sinh vt, thuc BVTV, kim loi nng v cc cht
nhim. V vy, cn phi nh gi k lng v lch s cng nh cc mi nguy sinh
hc, ho hc ca vng t trc khi trng cy n qu.
1.1. Phn tch v nhn dng mi nguy
STT.
I

Mi nguy

Ngun

C ch/cch thc gy nhim

Ha hc
Tn d
ca thuc
BVTV v
cc ho
cht nng
nghip
khc trong
vng sn
xut vt
ngng
cho php

- t trng v nc ti b
nhim tn d thuc BVTV t cy
trng trc hoc do d r

- Cy n qu c th hp thu
ho cht t t, nc v
c th gy ra tch lu vt
ngng cho php trong sn
phm.
- Thuc BVTV (nhm ln hu
c v carbamat, clo hu c)
v ho cht khc c th gy
ng c cp tnh hoc mn
tnh cho con ngi v ng
vt nui.

Sinh hc

Cc loi
VSV
(Ecoli, Salmonella,
vv.,)

- Cy trng c th hp thu kim


loi nng hoc tri cy tip xc
vi t b nhim kim loi nng
c th lm xut hin nguy c
sn phm b vt ngng

t v nc khu vc sn xut
b nhim vi VSV t ngun
nc thi chn nui, sinh hot,
bnh vin v rc thi cng
nghip v.v..

C nhiu loi VSV trong t c


th gy nhim cho phn n
c ca tri cy b ri rng
hoc tip xc vi t trc
hoc ti thi im thu hoch

1.2. Cc bin php nh gi, loi tr hoc gim thiu mi nguy


1.2.1. nh gi vng trng
Cn phi nh gi, iu tra v lch s vng trng v c vng ph cn, bao gm
mc ch v cc hot ng s dng trc ca vng t v nh gi kh nng
gy nhim cho t v nc ca khu vc sn xut.
Vng t sn xut v vng ph cn cn phi c xem xt v cc mt sau:
S xm nhp ca ng vt hoang d v nui nht ti vng trng v ngun
nc
Khu chn nui tp trung (VD: Gia sc hoc gia cm)
H thng cht thi c gn khu vc sn xut
Bi rc v ni chn lp rc thi
Cc hot ng cng nghip
Nh my x l rc thi
Cc ngun nhim cn ch t vic s dng trc ca vng t:
Ni cha phn gia sc v rc thi hu c
Ngp lt t nc mt b nhim (VSV v ho cht)
S dng cc thuc BVTV, nht l thuc tr c, DDT, v.v.)
Ni thu gom ca cc loi ho cht nng nghip
Bi rc hoc ni chn lp rc thi
Hot ng cng nghip
Vng chin trng (tu ni thch hp)

47
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

II

- Kim loi nng c mt trong t,


nc mc cao
- Rc thi t khu cng nghip
lin k, khu dn c hoc giao
thng (thng qua cht thi v
khng kh).

Phn 2

Kim loi
nng (Ch,
Cadimi,
Thu ngn,
Asen, v.v..)
v ho
cht khc
(du nht,
du my,
v.v)

Phn 2

48
S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs

- T chc ly mu t, nc theo phng php hin hnh v c thc hin


bi ngi ly mu qua o to, cp chng ch. Mu c gi phn tch,
nh gi v cc ch tiu ha hc, sinh hc ti cc phng phn tch c nng
lc v c so snh vi mc ti a cho php v iu kin sn xut an ton
ti Ph lc 1, 2 ca QCVN 01-132:2013/BNNPTNT (Trch dn ti Ph lc 1 v
2 ca S tay ny).
1.2.2. Lp s trang tri/vng trng
S trang tri hoc vng trng cho php nhn din c khu vc sn xut, ni
bo qun vt t nng nghip, cc cng trnh xy dng, ng, knh mng v
cc iu kin h tng khc ca trang tri/ vng trng. Vic lp s s gip cho
ngi sn xut c mt h thng d liu ghi chp cho tng l rung sn xut ngay
t u v qun l c cc mi nguy, ri ro ti sn xut cy n qu. y l iu
kin bt buc i vi trang tri cy n qu theo yu cu ca VietGAP.
1.3. Bin php khc phc
Trong trng hp mi nguy v VSV hoc ho hc vt ngng cho php, cn
thc hin nhng bc sau:
Tm hiu nguyn nhn ca s nhim dn ti mi nguy,
Tm ra nhng bin php thch hp khng ch mi nguy,
Thc hin cc hnh ng khc phc
Ch khng c s dng vng t sn xut nu cha m bo thi gian
x l hoc bin php s dng cha gim c nguy c. Khng s dng sn
xut cy n qu nu vng t cha c kim sot cc mi nguy.
Trong trng hp c s dng cc bin php x l mi nguy, c th tm n t
vn ca cc chuyn gia k thut. iu cn phi ch l xem xt kh nng ca
cc bin php x l p dng c thu c kt qu hay khng. Cn ghi chp li y
thng tin v cc bc x l v kt qu.
1.4. Ghi chp h s
Thc hin theo S hng dn ghi chp.

Ln sot xt:
02

2.1- 2.2

Ngy sot xt:


15-3-2013

Khng c mi nguy an ton thc phm c pht hin t vic s dng ging
v gc ghp trong sn xut cy n qu. Tuy nhin, tun th cc yu cu ca
VietGAP cn thc hin nh sau:
2.1. La chn ging cy n qu v gc ghp
Cc ging cy n qu, cnh gim, gc ghp, mt ghp cn c la chn t
nhng vn m, cy m c nhn ging v trng m bo sch bnh.
Nu cy ging c sn xut ti trang tri th ngi sn xut cn lu s dng
ho cht an ton cp phn Ho cht trong thc hnh sn xut nng nghip
tt.
Nu cy ging c mua t bn ngoi cn la chn nhng vn m, trang tri
sn xut c qun l tt v vic s dng ho cht. Khng s dng ging khng
r ngun gc.
2.2. Ghi chp thng tin v ging v gc ghp
Nu ngun gc sn xut ti ch, cn ghi chp li cc thng tin lin quan n ho
cht s dng, l do s dng i chiu trong qu trnh sn xut v y cng l
yu cu bt buc ca VietGAP. Trong trng hp mua ngoi, cn ghi chp thng
tin lin quan n ngi cung cp, c im ca ging v lu gi ti trang tri
phc v cho vic truy xut ngun gc nu nhim vi rt hoc bt c sai st no
(VD: khng ng ging) c pht hin.
Thc hin theo S hng dn ghi chp.

49
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

iu khon
VietGAP

Phn 2

Chng 2.
Ging v gc ghp

Phn 2

Chng 3.
Qun l t

50
S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs

iu khon
VietGAP

Ln sot xt:
02

3.1- 3.4

Ngy sot xt:


15-3-2013

t trng c th tr nn nhim trong qu trnh sn xut do c bn thm cc


ho cht vt t nng nghip. V vy, ngi sn xut cn phi ch ti vic nh
gi cc mi nguy xut hin trong qu trnh trng cy n qu ti trang tri.
3.1. Phn tch v nhn dng mi nguy
Mi nguy

Ngun

C ch/phng thc
nhim

Ho cht
(Tn d
ca thuc
BVTV v
ho cht
khc trong
t)

- S dng khng ng thuc BVTV,


ho cht dn n tn d trong t
- X cc bao b cha ng khng
hp l; r r ho cht, du m mt
cch ngu nhin vo t

Cy n qu c th hp thu
tn d ho cht trong t
hoc tri cy c th tip xc
trc tip vi t v do b
nhim.

Kim loi
nng (As,
Pb, Cd,
Hg)

- S dng lin tc cc loi phn bn Cy n qu c th ht cc


c hm lng kim loi nng cao
kim loi nng c hm lng
- Rc thi t cc vng ph cn
cao trong t.

Vi sinh vt
(Vi khun,
virus v
vt k
sinh)

- S dng phn ti cha qua x l Tri cy c th b ri xung


- Phn ca ng vt nui trong khu mt t hoc c th tip xc
vc sn xut v vng ph cn
trc tip vi t trc hoc
ti thi im thu hoch.

No.

3.2. Bin php nh gi, loi tr hoc gim thiu mi nguy:


3.2.1. nh gi cm quan
Hng nm hoc trc mi v sn xut mi cn thc hin cc nh gi sau y
i vi vng/ vn trng cy n qu:
Nguy c hoc kh nng xm nhp ca ng vt nui ti trang tri cy n
qu.
Nguy c xut hin cc mi nguy tim tng (VD: h thng rc thi, ni cha rc
thi, cc hot ng cng nghip) gn vn cy n qu trong thi gian qua
Ngp lt ca vn cy n qu bi nc mt b nhim.

3.3. Bin php khc phc


Trong trng hp pht hin thy mi nguy ho hc c th dn ti mc nhim
khng th chp nhn c th ngi sn xut cn tham kho mc 1.3 Chng
1 ca S tay ny bit cc bin php khc phc cn thc hin hoc tham vn
kin chuyn gia.
3.4. Xi mn v thoi ho t
Khuyn khch nng dn s dng cc bin php canh tc gim thiu nhng
tc ng ca vic trng cy n qu ti mi trng nh xi mn t hoc ra tri
cc cht dinh dng, ho cht nng nghip vo cc ngun nc xung quanh
s s dng. V d: ngi sn xut c th dng mng ph ni lng hoc cc vt
liu hu c che ph t khi canh tc vng t dc. Bin php khc l trng
nhng loi cy chng ra tri v cy ph t nhng vng m hoc cc khu
vc lin k.
3.5. Kim sot ng vt nui trong nh v chn th ti trang tri
Cc ng vt nui trong nh hoc chn th ngoi vn trng cn c cch ly
bng nhng vt cn thch hp khng xm nhp vo khu vc trng cy n qu
c bit l nhng cy n qu c tn thp. Tuyt i cch ly gia sc, gia cm trc
thi im thu hoch qu t nht 2 tun.
3.6. Ghi chp lu tr h s
Thc hin theo S hng dn ghi chp

51
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

D lng ca kim loi nng trong t phi c so snh i chiu vi ngng


ti a cho php trong Ph lc 1 ca QCVN 01-132:2013/BNNPTNT (Trch dn ti
Ph lc 1 ca S tay ny).

Phn 2

3.2.2. Phn tch t


Nu nhng nh gi v mt cm quan trn cho thy vng t trng c kh
nng b nhim bi nhng mi nguy th phi ly mu t phn tch. Mu phn
tch cn phi ly bng phng php thch hp, thc hin bi ngi ly mu
c ch nh v gi phn tch nhng phng phn tch nng lc v c
ch nh.

Phn 2

Chng 4.
Phn bn v cht bn b sung

52
S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs

iu khon
VietGAP

Ln sot xt:
02

4.1- 4.7

Ngy sot xt:


15-3-2013

Phn bn v cht bn b sung l nhng vt t u vo rt quan trng cho sn


xut cy n qu. Phn bn cung cp cc cht dinh dng cho cy trng sinh
trng, pht trin nhng cng l nguy c gy nhim cho sn phm.
4.1. Phn tch v nhn din mi nguy
STT

Mi nguy

Ngun gc

Cch thc gy nhim

S tp
trung
mc cao
ca cc
kim loi
nng (As,
Pb, Cd,
Hg, )

S c mt ca cc kim loi nng


(c bit l cadimi) trong cc loi
phn bn cp thp v cht bn b
sung nh thch cao, phn gia sc,
phn , v..v.

S c mt ca kim loi
nng trong phn bn v
cht bn b sung s lm
tng hm lng kim loi
nng trong t. Cy trng
c th ht cc cht ny v
tch lu trong sn phm

Vi sinh vt
(Vi khun,
virut v vt
k sinh)

Phn bn v nc ri ca ng
vt v con ngi khng c x l
hoc x l cha trit cha nhiu
vi sinh vt gy bnh.

Tip xc trc tip ca phn


bn hu c cha x l vi
phn n c ca tri cy.

4.2. Bin php phng nga, loi tr v gim thiu mi nguy


4.2.1. nh gi nguy c nhim
Phi nh gi v ghi chp h s ca tt c cc nguy c nhim v ho hc v
sinh hc ca phn bn v cht bn b sung ln sn phm mi v sn xut.
nh gi ny c th c thc hin thng qua vic phn tch phn bn v cht
bn b sung s dng v/hoc kim tra phn n c ca qu ti. Nu kt
qu cho thy c s nhim r rt t vic s dng phn bn v cht bn b sung
th cn thc hin ngay cc bin php cn thit gim thiu nguy c nhim.
Ghi chp li y thng tin v qu trnh x l, hnh ng khc phc.
4.2.2. Mua v tip nhn phn bn v cht bn b sung
Phi la chn phn bn v cht bn b sung c th gim thiu c nguy c v
cc mi nguy ho hc v sinh hc. Ch mua, tip nhn v s dng cc loi phn
bn c trong danh mc phn bn c php sn xut v kinh doanh Vit
Nam c B Nng nghip v Pht trin Nng thn ban hnh, ang c hiu lc.
Khng mua phn bn khng r ngun gc hoc cc loi phn bn khng c bao
b nhn mc hoc nhn gc.

Phn 2

4.2.3. Bo qun v vn chuyn phn bn v cht bn b sung


Tt c phn bn hu c, v c v cht bn b sung phi c ct tr v bo
qun iu kin kh thong, khng gy nhim cho cc vt t nng nghip
khc (VD: thuc BVTV, vt dng thu hoch) v sn phm thu hoch,ng
gi. Phn chung, tn d thc vt cn c lu tr ni ring bit vi cc
loi phn bn khc, khng gy nhim cho ngun nc v vng sn xut. Nu
pht hin c nguy c nhim ln khu vc sn xut lin k hoc ngun nc,
phi thc hin cc bin php khc phc (VD: kim sot ch r r) gim thiu
nguy c.

53

4.2.4. X l phn chung v tn d thc vt ti trang tri


Nu x l phn ng vt hoc tn d thc vt ti ch, ngi sn xut phi thc
hin quy trnh x l thch hp loi b mm bnh. Ni x l phn chung phi
c xy dng cch xa ni sn xut v ni cha sn phm thu hoch, m bo
ngn nga c nc thi t phn chung v cht hu c khng nh hng
n sn phm v gy nhim mi trng.
4.2.5. S dng phn bn
Mc d vic s dng phn bn hu c trong sn xut cy n qu c t nguy c
gy nhim nhng phn cn c bn trc tip xung t hoc kt hp sao
cho phn bn khng c nguy c tip xc vi phn n c ca tri cy hoc
ra tri. gim thiu nguy c nhim (ln tri cy v mi trng), phn hu
c nn c bn ti thiu 60 ngy trc khi thu hoch. Thi gian thch hp nht
p dng phn bn hu c l ngay sau khi v thu hoch kt thc bi v y
l thi im tt nht trnh cho qu tip xc vi phn v y cng l thi gian
cho ngi sn xut v sinh vn trng, n ta v bn phn ci to t trng cho
v mi.
i vi phn bn v c, liu lng bn phi ph hp vi nhu cu dinh dng
ca tng loi cy trng v thi k sinh trng, trnh bn qu mc. Bn qu nhiu
phn ur hoc phn cha m hoc bn qu mun c th lm cho cy trng hp
thu qu mc nitrat v tch lu vo sn phm. Vic ny khng nhng lm gim
cht lng ca qu ti m cn gy nhim mi trng.
4.2.6. Bo dng, s dng v v sinh dng c
Dng c bn phn v cht bn b sung phi c gi trong iu kin hot ng
tt v sch s sau khi s dng. Cc dng c lin quan n nh lng hoc cn
phn cn c hiu chnh nh k theo quy nh. Dng c dng phn, cha
phn v bn phn hu c khng c s dng cho cc vic khc.
4.3. Ghi chp h s
Thc hin theo S hng dn ghi chp

CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

Khng s dng phn gia sc, cht thi hu c cha qua x l trong sn xut cy
n qu v chng c th cha cc loi nm bnh v VSV.

Phn 2

Chng 5.
Ngun nc

54
S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs

iu khon
VietGAP

Ln sot xt:
02

5.1- 5.4

Ngy sot xt:


15-3-2013

Cc ngun nc mt, nc ngm s dng ti, pha phn bn, ha cht


BVTV, c ra dng c cn c kim sot cc mi nguy theo yu cu VietGAP. Chng ny s tp trung vo nc s dng sn xut, cc loi nc
khc nh nc ra sn phm s c trnh by trong S tay thc hnh s ch,
ng gi qu ti (GMP).
5.1. Phn tch v nhn dng mi nguy
TT.

Mi nguy

Ngun

C ch ly nhim

Ho hc
(ho cht,
thuc
BVTV, kim
loi nng)

+ Ho cht (thuc BVTV v cc ho


cht khc) b , r r hoc b ra
tri vo ngun nc chy t cc
vng ln cn n vng sn xut.
+ Nc mt t sng, sui c th
b nhim bn ha hc (thuc tn
d, kim loi nng do chy qua khu
cng nghip, bi rc hoc khu vc
nhim tn d ha cht.
+ Nc ging khoan c th b
nhim kim loi nng c bit l
Asen (As), Thy ngn (Hg), Ch
(Pb), Cadimi (Cd).

+ Ti nc b nhim trc
tip vo cc phn n c
gn ngy thu hoch.
+ Ra sn phm bng nc
b nhim.
+ Cy hp th qua b r
nc ti b nhim kim
loi nng v tch lu trong
cc phn n c ca tri
cy.

Cc sinh
vt gy
bnh (vi
khun, vi
rt, k sinh
trng)

+ Nc t sng, sui c th b
nhim vi sinh vt gy bnh nu
chy qua khu vc chung tri chn
nui, chn th gia sc, khu cha
rc thi sinh hot hoc khu dn c.
+ Nc mt t cc ao, h c th
b nhim t xc cht, phn ca
chim, chut, gia sc.
+ Nc t cc ging khoan c th
b nhim vi sinh vt do qu trnh
ra tri t cc khu vc nhim.
+ Nc b nhim t ngun nc
thi cha qua x l

+ Tip xc phn n c
ca tri cy vi: (i) nc
ti b nhim VSV gn
ngy thu hoch (ii) nc b
nhim vi sinh trong qu
trnh lm sch sn phm.

5.2.1. nh gi ngun nc

Nghim cm s dng nc cng v nc thi ra t cc khu cng nghip, bnh


vin, chung tri chn nui, l git m gia sc gia cm, nc phn cha x l
ti cho cy n qu.
Phn tch nc
Nu ngun nc c nguy c nhim cn thc hin nh gi v phn tch cht
lng. Mu nc cn c ly ng phng php bi ngi ly mu c ch
nh v gi ti phng kim nghim c nng lc phn tch.
i vi nc ti cn kim tra mc nhim v vi sinh vt v kim loi nng.
Mc gii hn ti a cho php ca cc kim loi nng, vi sinh vt gy hi trong
nc ti thc hin theo quy nh ti Ph lc 2 ca QCVN 01-132:2013/BNNPTNT nh gi (Trch dn ti Ph lc 2 ca S tay ny).
i vi nc dng lm sch, ra thit b, dng c hoc lm sch vt liu ng
gi, v sinh c nhn cn t tiu chun nc sinh hot ban hnh ti quy chun
k thut quc gia QCVN 02: 2009/BYT.
5.2.2. S dng nc
S dng nc ti
Nguy c nhim VSV i vi cc loi cy trng trn cao v khi n thng bc
v nh cy n qu l thp nu tri cy khng trc tip tip xc vi nc. Tuy
nhin, cy trng s tr nn b nhim nu nc ti tip xc trc tip vi phn
n c ca tri cy. V vy cn chn phng php ti thch hp nc ti
khng tip xc trc tip vi qu nh ti rnh, ti nh git, ti ngm v lm
nh vy s gim nguy c tip xc ca nc vi tri cy. Cc cch ti ny thc
s an ton i vi cy n qu thn g v cc cy dy leo bi v qu mc mt
cch t nhin cch xa mt t.
Nc dng pha thuc BVTV, phn bn
Nc dng pha thuc BVTV v phn bn khng c cha cc tc nhn gy
nhim sinh hc ngng c th lm mt an ton cho qu ti; ti thiu phi
t tiu chun cht lng i vi nc ti.

55
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

Kim tra v nh gi
Vic nh gi cc mi nguy phi c thc hin i vi ngun nc, h thng
dn nc cc cng trnh cha nc tu theo mc ch s dng. Nhng mi nguy
tim tng cn c ch gm: s xut hin ca ng vt chn th gn ngun
nc cp; s xm nhp khng c kim sot ca ng vt nui hoc hoang d;
phn chung khng ng quy nh; cc hot ng cng nghip; ngp ng,
ra tri hoc r r ca cc ho cht nng nghip, cng nghip; h thng rc thi
hoc nc thi gn ngun nc hoc bt c ngun gy nhim no c pht
hin.

Phn 2

5.2. Bin php nh gi, loi tr v gim thiu mi nguy

Phn 2

56
S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs

Nc dng trong thu hoch v sau thu hoch


Nc s dng trong v sau thu hoch bao gm nc ra qu, dng c v lm
sch vt liu ng gi hoc v sinh c nhn bt buc phi p ng tiu chun
nc sch ti quy chun k thut quc gia ban hnh ti QCVN 02:2009/BYT. Chi
tit tham kho s tay hng dn thc hnh s ch tt GMP.
5.3. Bin php khc phc i vi nc b nhim VSV
Nu nc s dng trong qu trnh sn xut, pha thuc phun hoc s dng trong
v sau thu hoch khng p ng tiu chun th phi c thay th bng nc
khc hoc phi c x l bng cc bin php k thut v cho kt qu m bo
cht lng theo quy nh. ng thi ghi li phng php x l v kt qu phn
tch (tham kho Quy phm thc hnh chun v Nc dng trong sn xut qu
SOP 4).
Nc b nhim VSV c th c x l bng nhng ho cht c php s
dng nu khng tm c ngun nc an ton khc thay th. Loi ho cht x
l nn thm kho kin ca cn b k thut.
5.4. Bin php khc phc i vi nc b nhim ho hc
Trong trng hp nc ti b nhim kim loi nng v thuc bo v thc vt
vt ngng ti a cho php th cn phn tch cht lng qu ti kim
chng xem d lng trong qu c vt ngng ti a cho php nh nu trong
QCVN 8-2:2011/BYT, Quyt nh s 46/2007/Q-BYT; hoc vn bn thay th
tng ng hay khng. Nu kt qu phn tch d lng trn qu cho thy vt
ngng th cn phi thay ngun nc ti khc v phi thu hi sn phm trn
th trng ngay lp tc.
5.5. Ghi chp h s
Thc hin theo S hng dn ghi chp.

Ln sot xt:
02

6.1 6.9

Ngy sot xt:


15-3-2013

Cc ha cht c s dng trong qu trnh sn xut qu ti kim sot su,


bnh, iu ha sinh trng, x l sn phm sau thu hoch, lm sch b mt thit
b. Ngoi ra cn c cc loi ha cht phi nng nghip khc nh: du nht, m,
du v nhin liu c s dng cho cc my mc nng trang hoc thit b.
trnh nhim v li d lng qu mc trn sn phm, cc ha cht phi
c s dng, lu tr, bo qun ng quy qui nh.
6.1. Thuc bo v thc vt
6.1.1 Phn tch v nhn dng cc mi nguy
Ngun

C ch nhim

+ S dng thuc BVTV cm s dng;


+ S dng thuc BVTV khng ng k phng
tr vi cy trng;
+ Khng m bo thi gian cch ly ca thuc;
+ Lm dng thuc BVTV (hn hp nhiu loi,
tng nng so vi quy nh);
+ Cng c phun ri khng m bo (cht lng
km,r r, nh lng sai, v.v.);
+ Thuc BVTV tri dt t cc vng lin k (do
gi tt khi phun, do ngun nc ti, ma, vv);
+ Thuc phun gn sn phm thu hoch hoc cc
vt liu ng gi.
+ D lng thuc trong t t cc ln s dng
trc
+ Thuc BVTV bm dnh trong dng c cha sn
phm.

Thuc BVTV c hp th hoc


bm dnh ln sn phm qu, c
th lm cho d lng thuc BVTV
trong sn phm cao.

6.1.2. Cc bin php loi tr v gim thiu mi nguy


Mua v tip nhn thuc BVTV
Thuc bao v thc vt ch c mua v tip nhn t cc nh cung cp (ca
hng, i l) c c quan nh nc cp php. Cc nh cung cp khng c
giy php c th hng dn khng ng loi thuc, bn cc loi thuc khng
m bo v cht lng, sai nhn. Vic ny dn n tnh trng ngi s dng

57
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

iu khon
VietGAP

Phn 2

Chng 6.
Thuc bo v thc vt
v ha cht

58

Ch mua v tip nhn thuc BVTV phng tr cc i tng su, bnh ca loi
cy trng c th. Danh mc cc loi thuc bo v thc vt c php s dng
c B Nng nghip v PTNT ban hnh hng nm. Cc loi thuc bo v thc
vt hn ch s dng hoc cm s dng ti Vit Nam cng c quy nh trong
danh mc ny. Nu khng th la chn c loi thuc s dng th c th
tham kho kin cn b k thut.

S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs

Phn 2

phi s dng chng loi thuc khng ph hp, hoc d lng qu mc trn
sn phm.

Kho cha, bo qun thuc bo v thc vt


Vic bo qun thuc bo v thc vt khng ng quy nh c th gy nhim
ln sn phm qu ti. Nguyn nhn c th do tip xc trc tip ln sn phm,
nhim t ngun nc c nhim ha cht BVTV, hoc do thuc BVTV tip xc,
bm dnh vo cc dng c, vt liu ng gi.
Kho lu tr thuc bo v thc vt phi c:
Thng bao, ch dn c th (v d: c thng bo, bin hiu trn ca).
Xy dng ti a im cch xa ngun nc v t nguy c b ngp lt
Kho phi c kha mi ngi khng th ra vo t do, ch nhng ngi c
trch nhim mi c vo kho
Nn nh kho phi v tr cao ro, thong mt v khng b dt. Xung quanh
nn nh kho nn thit k g ngn trong trng hp thuc bo v thc vt
b v, r r th thuc BVTV cng khng chy ra bn ngoi hoc nc t
ngoi khng xm nhp vo bn trong.
Khng tr thuc BVTV gn vt t khc (v d: phn bn c cha nitrat amoni,
nitrat kali nitrat hoc natri, clo) v d gy ra cc phn ng ha hc.
i vi cc h nng dn c qui m sn xut nh, nhu cu s dng ha cht t th
c th thit k cc t thuc/ha cht. Nhng cng cn m bo cc yu cu v
an ton theo qui nh.
Qun l cc thuc BVTV trong kho lu tr, bo qun.
Thuc BVTV bo qun trong kho phi c sp xp gn gng theo chng loi.
Cc loi thuc dng bt phi c bn trn cc loi thuc dng lng trnh
trng hp thuc dng lng b v c th chy vo cc loi thuc dng bt,
lm nh hng n cht lng thuc.
Tt c cc loi thuc BVTV u c thi hn s dng, da vo thi gian sn xut
xc nh thi hn s dng ca tng loi thuc. Thng thng cc loi thuc
BVTV bt u gim cht lng sau thi gian sn xut 2 nm.
Cc bin php gim thiu nguy c nhim:
Thuc bao v thc vt phi c lu tr, bo bo trong ng cc thng cha,
bao b ca thuc v phi c nhn r rng trnh s dng sai hng dn
v xc nh c thi hn s dung ca thuc. Trng hp cc thng, bao
b cha thuc bao v thc vt gc b h hng phi chuyn sang bao b khc
th phi m bo rng cc bao b, thng cha mi phi c ghi li y

6.1.4. S dng thuc BVTV


Cac loi thuc BVTV phi c s dng theo ng hng dn ghi trn nhn ca
thuc. Cc loi thuc s li d lng qu mc trn sn phm nu hn hp
khng ng, pha thuc vi nng v liu lng qu cao, khng m bo thi
gian cch ly.
Hn hp cc loi thuc bo v thc vt khc nhau c th gy ra phn ng ha
hc lm thay i cc thnh phn hot cht, nh hng ti cy trng. Tnh tng
thch ca thuc tr su thng c bit khi c hai loai thuc c trn ln vi
nhau.
Thit bi phun thuc bi li co th dn ti vic s dung lng thuc nhiu hn qui
inh hoc khng u lng thuc phong tr dich hai. y cung la nguyn nhn
lai mc d lng thuc BVTV cao trong san phm hoc khng th tiu dit
su, bnh trit . Trng hp dung cu phun thuc khng c v sinh sach sau

59
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

6.1.3. p dng bin php qun l cy trng (ICM) v qun l dch hi tng
hp (IPM)
Cn p dng cc bin php qun l su bnh tng hp (IPM), qun l cy trng
tng hp (ICM) nhm hn ch vic s dng ho cht BVTV.
+ S dng ti a v hi ha cc bin php phi ha hc trong qun l dch hi
(bin php ging chng chu, bin php canh tc, bin php th cng c gii,
bin php sinh hc).
+ Khi cn thit phi s dng ha cht cn s dng cc thuc chn lc, c
c thp, nhanh phn gii trong mi trng, c thi gian cch ly ngn.
+ i vi nhng loi qu thu hoch lin tc (to, nho v.v ) phi ch trng chn
thuc nhanh phn gii, tt nht l dng cc loi thuc sinh hc x l dch
hi vo thi k gn ngy thu hoch. Phi trit m bo thi gian cch ly.

Phn 2

cc thng tin trn nhn ca bao b bo qun gc trnh vic s dng khng
ng hng dn cua tng loai thuc.
Cc loi thuc bo v thc vt cn c bo qun thnh tng nhm ring bit
trnh nhm ln v thun tin cho s dng. Cn m bo nguyn tc cc
loi thuc dng bt c bo qun bn trn cc loi thuc dng lng. Nn
phn ra cc khu vc cha tng nhm thuc tr su, tr c v ha cht khc
trnh s dng nhm ln.
Phi tin hnh vic kim tra, kim k ton b cac loai thuc ang c bo
qun trong kho vi tn sut ph hp m bo rng cc loi thuc ny
vn c php s dng v cn hn s dng, cn nguyn v bao b. Cc
loi thuc ht hn s dng, khng c bao b, khng c php s dng phi
c thu gom li bo qun ring ch tiu hy.
Nu pht hin cc loi thuc BVTV qu hn s dng, khng th s dng na
th phi c thu gom bo qun ring ch tiu hy. C th bo qun ngay
trong kho cha thuc BVTV nhng cn ghi r thng tin trn nhn l thuc
qu hn s dng.
 trnh nhim trc tip hoc gin tip n cc sn phm trong trang tri,
cc loi thuc BVTV ht hn s dng, khng c php s dng tip phi
c thu gom v x l theo ng cc quy nh ca Vit Nam (thng qua cc
c quan, t chc c thm quyn).

60

Cc bin php gim thiu mi nguy


Ch s dung cac loai thuc BVTV c ng ky s dung cho loai cy n qu
c th, vic s dung phai tun thu cac hng dn trn nhan thuc i vi
tng loai dich hai.
Ngi s dung thuc BVTV phai c tp hun v ky thut s dung, pha
thuc, hn hp cac loai thuc. Phai am bao an toan i vi ban thn trong
qua trinh s dung.
Nu nh sn xut/ngi s dung bn khon v thi gian cach ly cua loai
thuc BVTV d inh s dung vi thi gian thu hoach san phm thi cn tham
khao y kin cua cua cac chuyn gia thay th bng cac loai thuc khac co
thi gian cach ly ngn hn.

S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs

Phn 2

s dng co th dn ti vic ln thuc BVTV trong cac ln phun khac nhau, hoc
vic hn hp cac loai thuc khng co chu inh va khng ung liu lng.

6.1.5. V bao b thuc BVTV


Khi s dng thuc BVTV, phai am bao bao b cha thuc c trang ra bng
nc sch, va c tr li bnh phun s dng.
Khng c ti s dng thng cha, v bao b thuc BVTV vo bt k mc
ch no khc. V bao b thuc sau khi s dng phi c thu gom, bo qun
nhng a im an ton v c tiu hy theo ng quy nh.
6.1.6. o to qun l v s dng thuc BVTV
Ngi lao ng v t chc c nhn s dng lao ng phi c tp hun v
cch s dng thuc BVTV v cc bin php s dng bo m an ton.
Ni dung tp hun:
Cy trng, dch hi v bin php phng tr bng thuc BVTV ho hc
Cc mi nguy t vic s dng thuc BVTV
S dng thuc BVTV v cc ha cht khc an ton v hiu qu (s dng theo
nguyn tc 4 ng: ng thuc; ng lc; ng nng , liu lng va ng
phng php).
Yu cu: Ngi c tp hun phi nm bt c k thut s dng thuc an
ton, hiu qu, v c cp chng ch.
* S dng cn b chuyn mn:
Trng hp cn la chn cc loi thuc BVTV v ha cht iu ha sinh trng
cho ph hp (khi co dch hi mi, dch hi chng thuc, thuc mi) cn c kin
ca ngi c chuyn mn v lnh vc BVTV. Ty thuc vo quy m sn xut
nn c hoc thu cn b k thut chuyn ngnh trng trt hoc bo v thc vt
hng dn va t vn.
6.1.7. Hnh ng khc phc li
Trng hp pht hin d lng thuc BVTV trong san phm qu ti vt qu
d lng ti a cho phep cn ngng ngay vic ban san phm. Tin hanh xac

S dng cc loai thuc bo v thc vt khng c ng k s dng cho loi


cy trng ang sn xut,
Hn hp khng chnh xc
S dng qu liu lng, nng
Khng m bo thi gian cch ly,
Dng c phun thuc b li, khng c v sinh v lm sch t nhng ln s
dng trc ,
Thuc BVTV c tri dt t cc khu sn xut lin k,
D lng thuc BVTV bm dnh trong cc thng cha, dng c thu hoch
Thuc bo v thc vt tn lu trong t, nc t cc ln s dng trc.
Trong trng hp ny, nhng hnh ng sa sai phi c thc hin ngay
ngn nga ti xut hin vic nhim:
o to li cng nhn
Kim tra thit b ong, o thuc, dung cu phun thuc,...
Cac s c xay ra va cac hanh ng khc phuc cn phai c ghi chep lai
chng to rng c s san xut, trang trai a tin hanh sa, khc phuc li. Vic ghi
chep nay cung se giup nha san xut, c quan kim tra xem xet cac vn xay ra
trong qua kh. Cac thng tin c ghi chep vao cac biu mu cua SOP.
6.2 Cc ha cht khc
Mt s cht ha hc khc khng phai la thuc BVTV (cac cht ty ra, ha cht
x l nc, ha cht phi nng nghip) c th c s dng cc trang tri v
trc tip hay gin tip c th lm nhim tri cy ti.
Nguyn nhn gy nhim c th l:
S dung cac loai hoa cht, cht ty khng c phep s dung, hoc s dung
sai liu lng a c hng dn.
V tinh s dung hoa cht, vi du s dung cac hoa cht dit cn trung (kin,
gian) gn san phm hoc vt liu ong goi san phm.
Hoa cht ro ri gn cac san phm, hoc tip xuc san phm trong qu trnh vn
chuyn.
R r du, m, sn trn thit b tip xuc vi san phm.
Sn phm gn ni cha ha cht v vt liu ng gi c th lm nhim
sn phm do ha cht v tnh b r r.
Cac thung cha co th la ngun nhim hoa cht nu ti s dng cho mc
ch khc hoc x l khng ng cch.

61
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

Nguyn nhn cua vic lai d lng thuc BVTV qua mc trong san phm trai
cy c th l:

Phn 2

inh nguyn nhn bng vic truy xut ngun gc cua l hang (xac inh trang
trai, vn san xut,...) va t o xem xet nhng im c th xut hin mi nguy
nhim, ng thi r sot qu trnh s dng thuc v trnh t trong quy phm s
dng thuc BVTV.

Phn 2

62

6.2.1 Phn tch v nhn dng cc mi nguy


Ngun

S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs

+ S dng cc ha cht bo qun khng ng


hng dn, s dng ha cht khng c
php.
+ S dng ho cht lm sch, ty ra khng
ph hp li d lng trong dng c, thng
cha,..
+ Nhin liu (xng, du), sn, trn dng
c thu hoch, thng cha, phng tin vn
chuyn tip xc vi sn phm
+ t, nc nhim ho cht bn t cc khu
cng nghip, nh my ha cht gn .

C ch nhim
li d lng ha cht trong sn
phm

6.2.2. Cc bin php gim thiu hoc loi tr mi nguy


Ch mua v nhn cc ha cht phi c php s dng, cc ha cht phi
c lu tr, bo qun v s dng ng quy nh m bo an ton v
gim thiu nguy c nhim.
Cc thng cha, bao b ng ha cht phi c nhn ghi y cc thng tin
theo ng quy nh v ghi nhn (tn a ch nh sn xut, cung ng; hng
dn s dng; thi gian s dng,.).
Cc ha cht phi nng nghip phi c lu tr trong cc kho cch xa a
im xa ng gi qu ti, cc khu vc lu tr vt t u vo phc v sn
xut, thit b, dng c v vt liu ng gi.
Cc v bao b ha cht sau khi s dng khng c ti s dng, hoc lu
tr cc ha cht khc hoc sn phm qu ti. Ngi sn xut phi thu gom
v bo qun an ton ch x l theo ng quy nh ca Vit Nam trnh
gy nhim mi trng v sn phm.
6.3. Ghi chp h s
Thc hin theo S hng dn ghi chp

Ln sot xt:
02

7.1- 7.7

Ngy sot xt:


15-3-2013

Phn tch v nhn din mi nguy

Cc mi nguy sinh hc, ha hc v vt l c th gy nhim ln sn phm trong


khi thu hoch v s ch, ng gi ti vn trng c nhn din nh sau:

TT.
I

Mi nguy

Ngun

C ch ly nhim

- S dng cc loi ho cht khng


c php s dng trong x l sau
thu hoch.
- S dng khng ng nng , liu
lng cc loi ho cht theo quy
nh.
- S dng cc thng cha, bao b
ha cht, phn bn, cha sn
phm.
- Dng c cha sn phm khng
m bo v sinh hoc dnh du m,
ha cht.

Sn phm b nhim ho
cht do tn d ha cht
sau x l sau thu hoch,
do tip xc vi cc thng
cha, dng c, bao b,
khng m bo v sinh

Ha hc
D lng
ha cht x
l sau thu
hoch, ho
cht bo
qun, du
m,

II

Sinh hc

Vi sinh
vt gy
bnh nh
Shigella spp,
Salmonella
spp; virus
vim gan
A,...
Vt k sinh
nh giun,
sn,...

- Sn phm tip xc trc tip vi


Sn phm b nhim sinh
t, sn nh trong khi thu hoch,
hc do tip xc trc tip
x l sau thu hoch, ng gi v
vi cc ngun nhim.
bo qun.
- Cc thit b, dng c, thng cha
tip xc vi sn phm khng m
bo v sinh.
- Ngun nc s dng x l sn
phm sau thu hoch b nhim vi
sinh vt.
- Vt nui hoc ng vt gy hi
(gin, chut,...) hoc cht thi t
ng vt (phn, nc gii...) tip
xc vi sn phm hoc dng c,
thng cha sn phm.

63
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

7.1.

iu khon
VietGAP

Phn 2

Chng 7.
Thu hoch v
x l sau thu hoch

Phn 2

- Ngi lao ng khng tun th


quy trnh v sinh c nhn, v d nh
tip xc vi sn phm m khng
ra tay sau khi tip xc vi ng
vt.
- Ngi lao ng khng iu
kin sc khe, mc cc bnh
truyn nhim nh vim gan, tiu
chy,...
- Phng tin vn chuyn sn
phm khng m bo v sinh.

64
S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs

III

Vt l
Cc vt l
nh t, ,
mnh thu
tinh, g, kim
loi, nha,
trang
sc,

- Dng c thu hoch, ng gi, bo


qun, vn chuyn sn phm b h
hi hoc khng m bo v sinh.
- Bng n ti khu vc s ch,
ng gi, bo qun khng c chp
bo v b v.
- Ngi lao ng ri trang
sc, kp tc, gng tay, ln vo
sn phm hoc thng cha sn
phm.

Cc vt l ln vo sn
phm trong qu trnh
thu hoch, x l sau thu
hoch, ng gi, bo
qun, vn chuyn.

7.2. Cc bin php loi tr v gim thiu mi nguy


7.2.1. Thit b, dng c v vt liu ng gi
Thit b, dng c v vt liu ng gi tip xc vi sn phm trong khi thu hoch
v sau khi thu hoch u c th l ngun gy nhim ha hc, sinh hc v vt l.
S dng thit b, dng c khng ng cch v t c v sinh, bo dng cng
l nguyn nhn gy ra nhim sn phm.
Vt liu, thit k
Thit b, dng c, thng cha v vt liu ng gi tip xc vi sn phm phi lm
bng cc vt liu khng gy c v khng cha tc nhn gy bnh. Cc vt liu
tr nh cht do, g, giy v thp l ph hp vi iu kin khng c nguy c
ly nhim t nhng ha cht dng x l chng ln sn phm. Cc vt liu c
ngun gc hu c nh rm cn c kh trng trc khi s dng gim thiu
ri ro nhim vi sinh vt ln sn phm. Thit b, dng c v vt liu ng gi cn
c thit k c cu trc thun li cho v sinh v bo dng.
V sinh v bo dng
Cc loi thit b (nh bn ng gi, khay nha, ), dng c (nh dao, ko, bn
chi, v.v.), thng cha (nh xt nha, thng g, gi tre,) cn c v sinh v
bo dng nh k trnh h hng v gy nhim sn phm. Xem hng dn
v v sinh v bo dng thit b, dng c ti Quy phm thc hnh chun v V
sinh c nhn, dng c v Bo tr thit b. Nu sau khi v sinh hoc sa cha thit

Phn 2

Bo qun v s dng
Thit b, dng c v cc loi vt liu ng gi phi c bo qun ti khu vc
cch ly vi cc loi ha cht nng nghip v c cc bin php ngn nga s xm
nhp ca ng vt gy hi (phn v nc gii ca cc loi gm nhm v chim),
bi bn. Cc bin php ngn nga ng vt gy hi c th l t by, b, t cc
thng cha v cc vt liu cch khi nn t hoc sn nh, che chn dng c,
thit b khi khng s dng. Cc vt liu ng gi s dng li nh gi tre, thng
g hoc thng nha ch c s dng trong cc khu thu hoch, ng gi, dch
chuyn v bo qun sn phm.

65

Thng cha bo qun sn phm


Cc thng cha s dng bo qun sn phm phi c nh du r rng
ch r mc ch s dng. V d, s dng cc thng cha c mu sc, kiu dng
ring hoc c nh du bng th tn hoc m s.
7.2.2. Thu hoch, ng gi v bo qun
Thu hoch qu khng m bo thi gian cch ly thuc BVTV, phn bn c th
l nguyn nhn gy tn d ha cht, nhim sinh hc trong sn phm.. Thu
gom cc qu rng trn mt t hoc qu cn trn cnh nhng chm xung t
hoc mt nc c th lm nhim bn ti sn phm. Qu tip xc vi nc ti,
t, sn nh hoc bt c b mt d bn no trong khi thu hoch, ng gi, vn
chuyn, bc xp cng c th gy nguy c nhim cho sn phm.
Cc bin php gim thiu mi nguy nhim sn phm:
Trc khi thu hoch:
m bo thi gian cch ly thuc bo v thc vt v phn bn trc khi thu
hoch sn phm. Ngi sn xut phi lu gi h s s dng thuc bo v
thc vt v phn bn v kim tra h s trc khi thu hoch sn phm kim
tra tun th thi gian cch ly.
Trc khi thu hoch, ngn nga qu rng hoc chm xung mt t,
ngi sn xut nn thc hin cc bin php chng, cy.
Trong khi thu hoch, ng gi:
Vo thi im thu hoch, qu cn phi hi bng dng c thch hp, khng
thu gom qu b ri rng trn mt t hoc mt nc b nhim n. i vi
nhng sn phm khng m bo an ton cho ngi s dng phi phn loi
ring trong khi thu hoch, ng gi.
Ch s dng cc thit b, dng c v vt liu ng gi m bo v sinh trong
khi s ch, ng gi sn phm. Thit b, dng c phi trong trng thi s
dng tt ngn nga mi nguy vt l i vi sn phm.
Khng qu ti trc tip trn mt t hoc nn nh. C th s dng cc
vt liu sch nh giy, vi bt tri trn mt t, sn nh ngn nga bi bn,
cht nhim tip xc vi qu ti.
Cc vt l, qu b dp nt, h hng, tn d thc vt (cnh, l, v.v) phi
c loi b v chuyn n ni thch hp.

CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

b, dng c vn khng loi b c cc mi nguy tim n th khng s dng cc


thit b, dng c .

Phn 2

66
S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs

Ch s dng nhng dng c, thng cha v cc vt liu ng gi sch s cho


vic vn chuyn, ng gi qu ti. Chng phi trong tnh trng s dng tt
trnh ly nhim vt l cho sn phm.
Nc ra sn phm v nc v sinh thit b, thng cha phi p ng quy
nh i vi cht lng nc dng trong s ch.
 trnh ly nhim cho, qu sau khi ng gi phi cch ly vi sn phm
mi thu hoch cha ng gi (cha sch). Sn phm sau khi thu hoch v
sn phm ng gi phi c bo qun ti a im sch, khng c tc
nhn gy nhim sn phm v khng trc tip xung sn.
Sau khi ng gi, sn phm phi c thng tin m bo yu cu truy xut
ngun gc.
Xem hng dn chi tit v thu hoch v ng gi sn phm ti Quy phm thc
hnh chun v Thu hoch sn phm (SOP 6).
7.2.3. Ni ng gi sn phm ti vn trng
Ni dng cho vic ng gi, bc xp, lu gi qu ti ti vn trng l nhng
khu vc c che chn nng, ma bng vt liu n gin (vm, tri, ln); t
ti v tr cao ro, cch xa chung tri chn nui, cha cht thi, ni phn hoc
khu vc bo qun vt t nng nghip (ha cht, phn bn) v c v sinh sch
s, m bo khng gy nhim cho sn phm trong qu trnh ng gi.
7.2.4. V sinh c nhn
Sn phm c th b nhim vi sinh do ngi lao ng ti trang tri (ngi ch
hoc cng nhn lm thu) hoc khch tham quan mang mm bnh tip xc trc
tip vi sn phm hoc gin tip do nhim ln thit b, dng c, vt liu ng
gi. nhim t nhng mi nguy vt l c th xy ra do ngi lao ng s sut
lm ri trang sc, gng tay, mnh vi, ming bng vt thng vo vt liu
ng gi.
Cc bin php khuyn co gm:
Tp hun v thc hnh v sinh c nhn:
Ngi lao ng phi c tp hun c nhn thc y v nguy c gy
nhim sn phm v tun th thc hnh v sinh c nhn. Cc ni dung tp hun
ny cn c trin khai hng nm hoc tp hun tng cng nu cn thit.
Hng dn chi tit v ni dung tp hun xem ti Quy phm thc hnh chun - V
sinh c nhn.
Ch dn thc hnh v sinh c nhn
tng cng vic thc hin v sinh c nhn, hng dn v sinh c nhn cn
c ph bin n ngi lao ng hoc nim yt ti cc v tr d nhn bit. Cc
hng dn ny cn vit di dng n gin, d hiu, d thc hin i vi ngi
lao ng, km theo cc hnh nh minh ha r rng.
Nh v sinh
Phi c nh v sinh ph hp cho ngi lao ng s dng khi thu hoch ng gi
ti vn trng.

nhim vt l c th xy ra do mnh g, kim loi, hoc vt l t phng tin


vn chuyn hoc cc loi vt liu k lt ri ln vo vt liu ng gi hoc thng
cha sn phm. Bi t trn ng vn chuyn cng l mt nguyn nhn gy
nn mi nguy vt l.
Cc bin php khuyn co bao gm:
V sinh, bo dng phng tin vn chuyn
Phng tin vn chuyn phi c thng xuyn lm v sinh, bo dng
hn ch ti a nhim ln qu ti. Phng tin vn chuyn phi c kim tra
v sch, s r r ho cht v dch hi trc khi s dng.
nhim trong khi vn chuyn
Kim tra y thng cha khi xp chng cc thng cha tri cy ln nhau
trnh dnh bm t hoc cc cht bn ln sn phm. Nu cn thit, phi lau
sch y thng cha hoc khng c xp chng cc thng cha ln nhau.
 trnh nhim sinh hc, ho hc hoc vt l trong khi vn chuyn sn
phm, chng phi c ph bi nhng vt liu bo v.
Khng vn chuyn sn phm, thng cha sn phm cng vi cc hng ha
c kh nng gy nhim sinh hc, ho hc hoc vt l ln sn phm. V d:
vn chuyn vt t nng nghip, dng c hoc ng vt sng vi qu ti.
7.3. Ghi chp
Thc hin theo S hng dn ghi chp

67
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

nhim ha hc c th xy ra khi phng tin vn chuyn trc b nhim


do r r cc loi ha cht, du m hoc cc loi vt t nng nghip hoc do vn
chuyn ng thi qu ti vi cc loi ha cht.

Phn 2

7.2.4. Vn chuyn
Sn phm c th b nhim vi sinh do phng tin vn chuyn trc c s
dng vn chuyn phn chung hoc sn phm b h hng, thi ra. nhim
vi sinh cng c th xy ra do cc thng cha sn phm tip xc trc tip vi
cc thng cha khng m bo v sinh v s dng phng tin vn chuyn gia
sc, gia cm vn chuyn qu ti.

Phn 2

Chng 8.
Qun l v x l cht thi

68
S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs

iu khon
VietGAP

Ln sot xt:
02

8.1

Ngy sot xt:


15-3-2013

8.1. Nhn din v phn tch mi nguy


TT.

Mi nguy

C ch ly nhim

Sinh hc

- Qu, tn d thc vt b h
hng.

- Cc cht hu c phn hy
dn d vi sinh vt, cn trng
v ng vt gm nhm gy
nhim sn phm.

Ha hc

- Cht thi, cc vt liu ng gi


b loi b.

- Sn phm tip xc vi
ngun gy nhim.

Nguyn nhn

8.2. Cc bin php ngn nga, gim thiu mi nguy


Khng cht thi tn ng trong nh vn, khu vc ng gi v bo qun
qu...
Khu vc cha cht thi phi cch ly vi khu vc sn xut, khu vc ng gi v
bo qun qu. Cht thi phi c thu gom, loi b sau mi ngy lm vic.
Nu tn dng ngun cht thi hu c phn bn ti trang tri, phi phn ti
a im cch xa khu vc sn xut, khu vc ng gi, s ch v bo qun sn
phm trnh nguy c nhim. Xem hng dn chi tit v thc hnh gim thiu
nguy c nhim vi sinh trong khi phn hu c ti Quy phm thc hnh chun
v phn bn hu c ti trang tri SOP 3.
Cht thi hu c (nu khng c tn dng phn hu c) v cc loi cht
thi v c nh bao nylon, cc loi bao b, vt liu ng gi h hng phi c
thu gom v tp kt ti khu vc cha cht thi.
8.3. Ghi chp
Thc hin theo S hng dn ghi chp.

Ln sot xt:
02

9.1-9.4

Ngy sot xt:


15-3-2013

9.1. An ton lao ng


Ngi lao ng phi c cung cp cc bin php tr gip y t khi cn thit.
Trong trng hp c s c do tip xc vi ha cht, ngi lao ng phi c
tr gip y t ban u ti trang tri v a n c s y t trong thi gian gn
nht.
Ngi lao ng chu trch nhim qun l v s dng ha cht phi c kin thc
v k nng cn thit v s dng ha cht v k nng ghi chp h s. Khi thao tc
vi ha cht (v d: phun thuc BVTV), ngi lao ng phi c cung cp qun
o bo h v cc trang b bo h cn thit (knh, mt n, gng tay, ) v c
o to v quy nh an ton ti ni cha ho cht. Cn c bin thng bo ni
mi phun xt thuc BVTV cnh bo ngi lao ng v khch tham quan.
9.2. iu kin lm vic
Ngi lao ng phi c cung cp trang b bo h ph hp vi yu cu cng
vic v iu kin lm vic (qun o, phng tin bo h khi phun thuc). Cc
phng tin, trang thit b, cng c (cc thit b in v c kh) phi thng
xuyn c kim tra, bo dng nhm trnh gy tai nn cho ngi s dng.
Phi c quy trnh thao tc an ton nhm hn ch ti a ri ro khi di chuyn hoc
nng cc vt nng.
9.3. Phc li x hi
Ngi lao ng phi c tui ph hp theo quy nh ca Vit Nam. Trong
trng hp cn thit, ngi lao ng cn c b tr nh v nhng dch v c
bn (in, nc, ). Lng, th lao bi thng cho ngi lao ng phi hp l,
tun th ng quy nh ca Vit Nam.
9.4. o to, tp hun
Trc khi lm vic, ngi lao ng phi c thng bo v cc ri ro lin quan
n sc khe v an ton lao ng.
Ngi lao ng phi c tp hun v cc ni dung sau:
Phng php s dng cc trang thit b, dng c.
Cc hng dn s cu tai nn lao ng.
S dng an ton cc ho cht, v sinh c nhn.

69
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

iu khon
VietGAP

Phn 2

Chng 9.
Ngi lao ng

Phn 2

70
S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs

Tp hun v an ton thc phm


Ngi lao ng c kh nng tc ng n mc an ton ca sn phm phi
c trang b kin thc v cc k nng cn thit. Nh sn xut cn c k hoch
o to thch hp cho ngi lao ng ti cc cng on ny. Hnh thc o to
c th l o to trc tip, ti ch hoc o to tp trung. Cc kha o to b
sung hoc nng cao cng cn c t chc m bo rng ngi lao ng c
nhn thc ng v cc mi nguy gy mt an ton thc phm v cc bin php
gim thiu ri ro nhim ln sn phm.
Tp hun v s dng thuc bo v thc vt
Ngi s dng thuc (lao ng hoc nhn vin k thut) phi c kin thc v
bit lm th no s dng ho cht an ton.
Nhng sai st trong vic la chn, ho thuc v phun xt thuc c th dn n
d lng vt ngng cho php. o to tp hun l bin php quan trng m
bo ngi sn xut v ngi lao ng c y kin thc v k nng. V d:
ngi c phn cng chu trch nhim v s dng ho cht nng nghip phi
c kin thc v tt c lnh vc v c kh nng o to ngi lao ng. Nhng
ngi s dng thuc cn phi c kin thc v k thut v my phun thuc, chun
b v ho trn thuc, cch thc phun xt, s dng ho cht an ton v bit x l
ni thch hp trong trng hp nc thuc pha cn tha, k nng s cu
cho bn thn.
9.5. Ghi chp
Thc hin theo S hng dn ghi chp

Ln sot xt:
02

9.1-9.4

Ngy sot xt:


15-3-2013

10.1. Ghi chp v lu gi h s


H s ghi chp qu trnh sn xut phi c thit lp v duy tr cung cp cc
bng chng cho khch hng v thanh tra vin v vic p ng cc yu cu ca
VietGAP. H s ghi chp ng thi l ti liu h tr vic truy xut ngun gc cc
l sn phm khng m bo an ton thc phm v iu tra, xc nh nguyn
nhn nhim.
Cc ti liu v biu mu ghi chp cn c trong h s VietGAP bao gm:
S khu vc sn xut;
H s ly mu, phn tch mu t, nc;
Nht k mua hoc sn xut ging; nht k mua & s dng phn bn, cht bn
b sung; nht k mua v s dng thuc BVTV; nht k thu hoch v ng gi;
xut bn sn phm; o to, tp hun ngi lao ng;
Bng kim tra, nh gi c lin quan;
Cc ti liu, vn bn khc.
h thng truy xut h s c hiu qu, nh sn xut cn m bo:
Mi l vn sn xut c nhn din bng tn gi hoc m s ring.
Cc thc hnh GAP ti mi l vn trng hoc i vi l sn phm qu ti
c ng gi.
Sn phm c ng gi, ghi nhn theo quy nh v c m s nhn din r
rng.
Thng tin c lu gi cho mi l hng nh s nhn din, ngy cung cp,
ngun hng v ni hng c chuyn ti.
H s phi c lu gi t nht 2 nm.
Cn c hng dn cc bc c th v nhn din, lu tr, bo qun, bo v,
phc hi, thi gian lu gi v cc sp xp thng tin ghi chp.
Cc khu vc sn xut khc nhau cn phi c phn bit bng cc ng chia
cch c gn bin hoc s hiu nhn dng. n gin c th l mt ci cc vi m
s trn . Cn cm bin phn danh gii cc khu vc trng ngi lao ng
khng ln ln p dng cc bin php chm sc, bn phn
V tr khu vc sn xut cn phi c nhn din trn bn trang tri vi tn gi
hoc m s.

71
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

iu khon
VietGAP

Phn 2

Chng 10.
Ghi chp, lu tr h s, truy
nguyn ngun gc v thu hi
sn phm

Phn 2

72

10.2. Ghi nhn

S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs

Sn phm phi c ghi nhn theo quy nh gip vic truy nguyn ngun gc
c d dng. Nhn sn phm cn c lm bng vt liu c bn cao, chng
thm nc trnh b bong, rch.
Cc thng tin cn c trn nhn hng ha cn c nh sau:
Tn sn phm;
Khi lng;
Ngy sn xut hoc m s l sn xut;
Tn gi, a ch c s sn xut;
Hng dn s dng, bo qun.
10.3. Truy nguyn ngun gc v thu hi sn phm
10.3.1 Truy nguyn ngun gc
Nh sn xut phi xy dng v vn hnh mt h thng truy nguyn ngun gc
cho php nhn dng c cc l sn phm v mi lin quan cc m nguyn
liu u vo, ng gi v thng tin giao hng. H thng truy nguyn ngun gc
cn nhn din c cc nguyn liu u vo t cc nh cung cp v lch trnh
s b phn phi sn phm.
Cc thng tin phc v truy nguyn nn c lu gi trong mt thi gian nht nh
phng trng hp cc sn phm khng m bo an ton hoc b thu hi.
10.3.2. Thu hi sn phm
Nu pht hin sn phm b nhim hoc c ri ro b nhim, phi dng vic phn
phi sn phm. Nu sn phm cn ang trang tri, phi cch ly sn phm v
ngng vic tip tc phn phi. V d: sn phm c th ring mt khu vc trong
nh s ch vi di ruy-bng xung quanh v vit ch khng c di chuyn.
Nu sn phm c phn phi, nh sn xut phi thng bo cho c s phn
phi v yu cu thu hi sn phm.
Nh sn xut phi tin hnh iu tra nguyn nhn nhim v thc hin hnh
ng khc phc ngn nga ti nhim. Cc bc cn thc hin nh sau:
R sot h s v cc kt qu gim st c th lin quan n nguyn nhn nhim;
Xc nh nguyn nhn sai li;
Xc nh v tin hnh cc hnh ng cn thit;
Ghi chp li kt qu ca hnh ng khc phc thc hin,
Xem xt li cc hnh ng khc phc thc hin m bo rng cc hnh
ng c hiu qu.
kp thi thu hi cc sn phm khng an ton, nh sn xut phi ch nh ngi
c trch nhim thu hi sn phm, v thng bo cho cc bn c lin quan nh c
quan qun l, khch hng hoc ngi tiu dng.
Sn phm b thu hi v cc sn phm b nhim cn tn tr ti trang tri phi
c gim st cho n khi c tiu hy hoc s dng cho mc ch khc.

Ln sot xt:
02

11.1- 11.3

Ngy sot xt:


15-3-2013

1. Kim tra ni b l vic xem xt li vic p dng VietGAP. Nh sn xut c th


t thc hin kim tra ni b hoc thu kim tra vin. Thng qua kim tra ni
b, nh sn xut c th xc nh mc ph hp cc thc hnh vi yu cu
ca VietGAP v tin hnh cc bin php khc phc cc sai li (nu c)
ngn nga vic lp li sai li.
2. Trong thc t, phn ln cc nh vn c quy m sn xut nh v phn tn.
iu kin p dng VietGAP, cc nh vn cn lin kt vi nhau hnh
thnh cc hp tc x hoc t hp tc c quy m sn xut ln v tp trung.
Do , trong hp tc x hoc t hp tc phi hnh thnh mt c cu t chc
vi s phn nh r rng chc nng, nhim v gia cc bn tham gia v thc
hin nh gi ni b nh k m bo tt c thnh vin cng tun th cc
thc hnh sn xut theo VietGAP.
V d, mt h thng qun l cht lng ni b cn c xc nh c th v ghi
chp li nh sau:
- Ngi qun l VietGAP: l ngi i din Ban ch nhim hp tc x hoc t
hp tc chu trch nhim qun l vic p dng VietGAP trong c s. Ngi
c th l ch nhim HTX, ch trang tri hoc t trng lin kt.
- nh gi vin ni b: l thnh vin HTX, nhm sn xut hoc c quan t vn
bn ngoi chu trch nhim nh gi vic thc hin quy trnh VietGAP ca cc
thnh vin trong hp tc x hoc t hp tc. nh gi vin ni b c o
to chuyn mn nghip v v k nng nh gi ni b.
- Cn b k thut: l ngi chu trch nhim gip , chuyn giao cng ngh,
o to VietGAP cho HTX, nhm sn xut.
- i trng sn xut: l ngi chu trch nhim trc tip gip , hng dn
nng h trong nhm tun th cc thc hnh VietGAP.
3. nh gi ni b cn c thc hin nh k t nht mi nm mt ln. Vic
nh gi nn c thc hin ti thi im ang din ra hnh ng hay qu
trnh sn xut. V d, ti thi im thu hoch, nn tin hnh nh gi li cc
quy trnh thc hnh trong thu hoch, ng gi, xut bn sn phm. Vic nh
gi thc hnh s dng thuc bo v thc vt nn c thc hin ti thi im
trc khi thu hoch.
Tham kho bng kim tra gim st ni b v hng dn kim tra, nh gi ti ti
liu Hng dn xy dng h thng qun l cht lng ni b.

73
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

iu khon
VietGAP

Phn 2

Chng 11.
Kim tra ni b

Phn 2

74

Chng 12.
Khiu ni v gii quyt
khiu ni

S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs

iu khon
VietGAP

Ln sot xt:
02

12.1 - 12.2

Ngy sot xt:


15-3-2013

1. T chc v c nhn sn xut theo VietGAP phi c sn mu khiu ni khi


khch hng c yu cu, tham kho mu n khiu ni nh sau:
(Phn dnh cho khch hng)
Ngy:..............................................................................................................
Knh gi:.........................................................................................................
Tn khch hng, a ch:................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
Vn khiu ni:............................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
(Phn dnh cho nh sn xut)
Xc nh sai li trong quy trnh:
C
Khng
Nu c, th quy trnh no c sai li:................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
Bin php x l i vi sn phm:.................................................................
Bin php khc phc:.....................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
Ngi chu trch nhim khc phc:................................................................
Ch c s:......................................................................................................

2. Trong trng hp c khiu ni, t chc v c nhn sn xut theo VietGAP


phi c trch nhim gii quyt theo quy nh ca php lut, ng thi lu n
khiu ni v kt qu gii quyt vo h s.
Trnh t khiu ni v gii quyt khiu ni:
- i din nh sn xut tip nhn h s v hn thi gian tr li.
- Cn c ni dung n khiu ni xc nh nguyn nhn v xc nh ngi
chu trch nhim v tm bin php khc phc.
- Trng hp khiu ni cha c gii quyt tha ng, hai bn cn phi
thng bo cho cc c quan c thm quyn.

Phn 3

76
S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs

PHN

S TAY THC HNH SN XUT TT


(GMPs) S CH, NG GI
RAU, QU TI

Nhm tc gi
T.S Nguyn Kim Chin
Th.S Ren Cardinal
Th.S Phm Minh Thu

Th.S Cao Vn Hng

Th.S Trn Th Tng


Th.S Hng Khanh
T.S Th Ngc Huyn

Cm nang thc hnh sn xut tt s gip hn ch mi nguy v sinh hc, ho hc


v vt l xut hin trong qu trnh s ch v sau thu hoch rau qu ti ti cc
c s ng gi, ch u mi v siu th.
Hng dn thc hnh sn xut tt khng a ra nhng khuyn co v sinh trong
thc hnh ng gi trn ng rung cng nh thc hnh vn chuyn rau qu
ti ti khu vc bn l bao gm c cc ch bn l trn ng ph. Thc hnh
ng gi trn ng rung c hng dn trong s tay VietGAP v cc quy trnh
vn hnh chun SOP km theo.

2. Gii thch thut ng


2.1. V sinh
L cc hot ng nhm loi b t, tn d thc vt, bi bn, du m bi trn v
cc vt th c hi.
2.2. Cc yu t gy nhim
L cc yu t sinh hc hoc ho hc, vt th l, hoc nhng cht khc khng
mong mun c a vo thc phm e da ti an ton v tnh ph hp ca
rau qu ti.
2.3. nhim
L vic a vo hoc xut hin ca mt yu t gy nhim trong rau qu ti
hoc mi trng thc phm.
2.4. Kh trng
L vic s dng cc phng php ho hc v/hoc vt l nhm gim thiu s
lng vi sinh vt trong mi trng ti mt mc nht nh no khng gy nguy
hi ti an ton hoc tnh thch hp ca sn phm.
2.5. C s
Cc cng trnh hoc khu vc s ch v x l rau qu ti v cc khu vc xung
quanh c qun l trong cng mt h thng.
2.6. Mi nguy
Yu t sinh hc, ho hc hoc vt l hoc mi trng thc phm tim n nguy
c gy nh hng ti sc kho con ngi.
2.7. Nh ng gi
C s nm trong hoc ngoi trang tri l ni s ch rau qu ti sau khi thu
hoch trc khi phn phi ti khu vc bn bun hoc siu th.
2.8. Cng nhn
Ngi lao ng trc tip ng gi rau qu ti, thit b v dng c, hoc nhng
b mt tip xc vi thc phm cn p ng yu cu v sinh thc phm.

77
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

Hng dn thc hnh sn xut tt-GMP a ra cc nguyn tc chung v thc


hnh v sinh trong s ch v phn phi rau qu ti nhm cung cp nhng sn
phm an ton cho ngi tiu dng.

Phn 3

1. Phm vi p dng

Phn 3

78

3. S cc bc thc hin
3.1. Trong nh ng gi

S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs

Cng on

u vo

Mi nguy

Tip nhn

Dng c thu hoch,


cha ng, nhn cng

Sinh hc, ho hc, vt l

Phn loi/tuyn chn/ct


ta (BP)

Dng c, nc, nhn


cng

Sinh hc, ho hc

Lau/ra (BP)

Dng c, cha v
nhn cng

Sinh hc

X l sau thu hoch ch


i vi sn phm qu
(BC)

Vt t, ha cht x l v
nhn cng

Sinh hc, ho hc

Lm lnh ch p dng
i vi cc nh ng gi
trung gian (B)

iu kin lm lnh, khng


kh, hi nc

Sinh hc

Lm chn ch thc hin


i vi c chua v ch
yu i vi qu (P)

Vt t, ha cht lm chn
qu

Ho hc, vt l

Vn chuyn

Phng tin vn chuyn


(phng tin, thit b)

Sinh hc, ho hc, vt l

Phn 3

3.2. Ti ch u mi v siu th

79

u vo

Mi nguy

Tip nhn

Dng c thu
hoch, cha
ng, nhn cng

Sinh hc
Ho hc
Vt l

Kim tra

Sinh hc
Ho hc

Sn phm c th
khng c chp
nhn

Sn phm
c chp
nhn

Phn loi/tuyn
chn/ct ta(BP)

Dng c, cha
v nhn cng

Vt l, Sinh hc

Lau/ ra/(BP)

Dng c,
cha, ha cht v
nhn cng

Sinh hc
Ho hc
Vt l

To m cho sn
phm (BC)

iu kin to m,
Ha cht v nhn
cng

Sinh hc
Ho hc

Lm chn i vi
c chua v ch
yu l qu ti siu
th

Vt t, ha cht
lm chn qu

Ho hc
Vt l

Vn chuyn

Phng tin vn
chuyn (phng
tin, thit b)

Sinh hc
Ho hc
Vt l

Bo qun tm
thi (BC)

CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

Cng on

Phn 3

80

4. C s
C s phi p ng cc yu cu v an ton v sinh thc phm theo quy nh
hin hnh ca Vit Nam trong s ch v phn phi rau qu ti.

S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs

4.1. La chn a im
a im t c s phi cch xa mt s khu vc sau:
c mi trng nhim, c cc hot ng cng nghip c kh nng gy
nhim nghim trng n rau qu ti;
c kh nng b ng ngp;
c nguy c xm nhim sinh vt gy hi;
c cht thi rn hoc lng khng th loi b c.
4.2. Thit k v xy dng
Thit k v b tr nh xng phi m bo thun li cho cc thc hnh v sinh
tt, bao gm bin php bo v chng nhim cho trong ton b qu trnh s ch
v x l sn phm.
4.3. Kt cu v lp t
Kt cu bn trong nh xng cn c xy lp bng cc vt liu c bn cao,
thun li cho vic bo dng, v sinh v kh trng khi cn thit. c bit, kt cu
nh xng cn p ng mt s iu kin c th nh sau bo m VSATTP
cho rau qu ti:
B mt tng, vch ngn v sn cn c lm bng vt liu khng thm
nc, khng gy c ln sn phm;
Tng v vch ngn phi c trn nhn v chiu cao ph hp m bo
vn hnh thun li;
Sn c xy lp m bo thot nc tt v v sinh thun li;
Trn v gc treo c lp t m bo hn ch hnh thnh bi bn, tch t
mng bm, v ri vi bi bn;
Ca s cn c thit k m bo d v sinh, hn ch hnh thnh bi bn;
Mt s v tr cn thit cn lp li chn cn trng d v sinh, c th tho lp
hoc lp c nh;
Ca ra vo nn thit k b mt nhn khng thm nc v d dng v sinh,
kh trng khi cn thit;
i vi khu vc lm vic khp kn, h thng thng gi cn c v sinh loi
b nc ng v bi bn kt bm lu ngy
Khu vc lm vic khp kn s dng h thng qut lm mt sn phm, cn c
bit ch trnh gy nhim cho dng khng kh ly t bn ngoi, in hnh
i vi khng kh ti cc khu cha ng rc thi l ngun c nguy c gy
nhim cho.
Khu vc lm vic c b mt tip xc trc tip vi rau, qu ti cn thit k
vng chc ng k thut; b mt thao tc nhn, vt liu s dng trn b mt
khng thm nc, khng nh hng ti sn phm, d kh trng trong iu
kin vn hnh thng thng;
B mt thao tc cn thit k m bo d bo dng, v sinh v kh trng.

4.6. Thit b
Thit b s dng trong s ch v phn phi rau qu ti cn m bo:
c ch to t vt liu khng c;
c thit k ch to ng tnh nng s dng;
c lp t ng quy cch, d bo dng (bao gm c hiu chnh thit b),
v sinh v kh trng, iu kin thc hnh v sinh tt, bao gm c iu kin
qun l;
c thit k lp t trnh gy nhim cho rau, qu ti (i vi H thng
cung cp khng kh v hi nc lm lnh).
4.7. Nh v sinh, khu vc thay bo h lao ng, trang thit b v sinh
c nhn
- Nh v sinh phi c b tr ring bit vi khu vc san xut thc phm; ca
nha v sinh khng c m thng vao khu vc san xut; t nht phi c 01
(mt) nh v sinh cho 25 ngi.
- H thng thng gio b tri phu hp, bao am khng c thi t khu vc nh
v sinh sang khu vc sn xut; h thng thot nc phi d dng loi b cht
thi v bo m v sinh.
- C phng thay trang phc bo h lao ng trc v sau khi lm vic.
Trang thit b v sinh c nhn cn c thit k, lp t, sn c m bo thun
li cho cng tc bo dng, v sinh kh trng v p ng mt s yu cu sau:
C cc thit b ra tay, kh trng tay, ng, giy, dp trc khi vao khu vc
s ch rau, qu ti;
Ni ra tay phi cung cp y nc sch, nc st trng, khn hoc giy
lau tay s dng mt ln hay my sy kh tay;
4.8. Nc v nc
Nc s dng trong cc khu s ch, bo qun rau qu ti cn m bo QCVN
02/BYT v cht lng nc sinh hot.
Khng c s dng nc ao, h, sng, sui, tr khi c x l p ng cc
tiu chun cht lng nc quy nh.

81
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

4.5. Chiu sng


Cng nh sng cn c thit k m bo ph hp cho khu vc s ch rau,
qu ti. Thit b nh sng cn c lp t ti cc v tr ph hp v c bo
v m bo rau, qu ti khng b ln tp mnh v.

Phn 3

4.4. Thot nc v loi b cht thi


C s cn lp t h thng thot nc v cht thi ph hp. H thng thot
nc v cht thi cn c thit k lp t m bo trnh ri ro nhim cho
rau, qu ti hoc h thng cung cp nc. dc sn nh cn m bo thot
nc tt.

82

C th ti s dng nc trong khu vc s ch bo qun rau, qu ti nhng


phi c x l nhm p ng iu kin v sinh v trnh ri ro nhim cho rau,
qu ti.

S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs

Phn 3

Cn c h thng cung cp nc t tiu chun cho khu vc s ch, bo qun,


phn phi v m bo an ton v thch hp vi rau, qu ti.

Ha cht s dng trong x l nc cn m bo ng quy nh hin hnh, ng


liu lng nh quy nh ca nh sn xut.
Nc s dng cn c lm t nc sinh hot, vn chuyn v bo qun m
bo khng b nhim.
Nhng yu cu v nc v nc c trnh by chi tit trong mt quy phm
thc hnh SOP i vi nc dng trong nh s ch.
4.9. Bo dng, v sinh v kh trng thit b, nh xng
C s v cc thit b s dng cn m bo mt s yu cu sau:
thun tin thc hin cc quy trnh v sinh v kh trng;
gi c chc nng nh thit k, v d nh my to zn hay my chiu
x;
ngn nga nhim cho rau, qu ti khi nhng yu t gy nhim nh
mnh kim loi, mnh v ca dao ct, tn d thc vt v ho cht.
Phng thc v vt liu dng v sinh ph thuc vo tng loi hnh kinh
doanh. V d nh ng gi khc bit vi bn bun hoc siu th. Cng vic kh
trng c th l cn thit sau khi v sinh.
Vic v sinh cn c thc hin m bo loi b cc tn d thc vt v bi bn
l ngun nhim ln sn phm.
Vic v sinh v kh trng cn c thc hin mt cch thn trng v tun th
theo hng dn ca nh sn xut. Vt liu v sinh v kh trng cn c ct gi
ni ph hp cch bit vi rau qu ti v nh du ch dn r rng trnh
nhng ri ro gy nhim.
Dng c sn xut v bao b ti s dng cn c v sinh v kh trng ph hp
ti khu vc bn ngoi khu s ch.
H thng lm lnh cn c thng xuyn bo dng, v sinh v kh trng
trnh nhim ln rau, qu ti.
Cc t chc/ c nhn cn xy dng quy phm vn hnh SOP cho tng hot ng
c th nh bo dng, v sinh, kh trng thit b, vn hnh my to zn. Mi
quy phm SOP cn bao hm nhng thng tin cn thit nh sau:
Ngi c trch nhim i vi quy phm;
Nhim v phi thc hin;

Phn 3

83
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

Cch thc thc hin, bao gm cc bc thc hin khc nhau trong quy
trnh;
Thi gian v tn sut thc hin quy phm;
Cch tho lp thit b bo dng, v sinh v kh trng khi cn thit.
4.10. Bo dng, v sinh khu vc v sinh c nhn
Cc trang thit b v sinh c nhn v khu v sinh cn c gi trng thi hot
ng tt v c v sinh, kh trng m bo khng l ngun gy nhim cho
sn phm.
Phng thay ca cng nhn trong cc c s c quy m ln cn c ch lm
v sinh thng xuyn.

5.

Qun l vn hnh

5.1. Tip nhn rau, qu ti


Cc c s phi yu cu cc nh cung cp thc hin cc quy nh v ATTP ti ni
sn xut ca mnh nh VietGAP hoc GMP nhm m bo an ton cho rau, qu
ti (v d nh rau qu phi c sn xut v s ch c s kim sot v gim
thiu c cc ri ro v sinh hc, ho hc hay vt l).
Cc loi nguyn liu rau, qu ti cn phi c kim tra trnh cc mi nguy
(ha hc, sinh hc, vt l). Nu pht hin c cha mm bnh, cc ho cht, d
lng thuc bo v thc vt, cc cht phn hu hoc cht l khng th loi b ti
mc cho php bng cc phng php phn loi, chn lc, ct b, lau ra thng
thng, th khng c chp nhn v phi tr li nh cung cp.
Rau, qu ti tip nhn trc tip t ngoi ng khng c t trc tip trn sn
nh. Trnh ng gi rau, qu ti gn cc ngun nhim nh: ni phn bn,
thuc BVTV hoc cc ha cht kh trng...

Phn 3

84

5.2. Phn loi, chn lc v ct ta


Vic tuyn chn, phn loi v ct ta rau, qu khng c thc hin trc tip trn
sn nh ca cc c s s ch, ng gi.

S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs

Cc thit b v dng c dng trong phn loi, chn lc v ct ta cn ph hp vi


loi sn phm v phi c v sinh, kh trng, bo tr (bao gm c hiu chnh
thit b) thng xuyn. Cc dng c khng c t di t m phi c ct
gi nhm ngn nga nhim bn. Cc dng c gy nh dao ct khng c
s dng trong ct ta.
Rau, qu ti qua s ch phi c ch cch bit vi khu vc chn lc,
ra nguyn liu v cc vt t nng nghip nh phn bn, thuc tr su.
5.3. Lm sch, ra v lm m sn phm
Cc vt liu dng trong cng on lm sch nh khn lau, bn chi cn c
bo qun ng cch nhm trnh s nhim khun.
Cc trang thit b cn thch hp cho vic ra rau, qu ti v phi c ngun cung
cp nc v sinh ph hp.
Cht lng nc s dng cn ph hp vi tng cng on ca qu trnh s
ch. V d: c th dng nc ti s dng cho nhng cng on ra ban u. Tuy
nhin cc cng on ra sau cng nc cn phi p ng QCVN 02/2009/
BYT.
Nu s dng cc cht dit khun ra sn phm, nng cht dit khun cn
c kim tra v gim st m bo duy tr hiu lc st khun. Sn phm phi
c ra sch sau khi x l ha cht dit khun m bo khng c d lng
ho cht vt qu gii hn cho php. Nu mt cht dit khun no c s
dng, cn xy dng mt hng dn thc hnh chun SOP cho vic s dng ha
cht.
Nc ti s dng phi c x l v duy tr trong iu kin khng to ra nguy c
cho s an ton ca cc loi rau, qu ti. Quy trnh x l phi c kim tra v
gim st mt cch hiu qu. C th khng qua x l vi iu kin vic s dng
khng gy ra nguy him i vi s an ton ca cc loi rau, qu ti, v d
nh: nc ca cng on ra sau cng c s dng li cho cng on ra
u tin ca ln ra mi.
5.4. X l sau thu hoch
Vic x l rau, qu ti loi b cc sinh vt hi, gim thiu nhim khun, gim
tn tht do vi sinh vt gy hi, ko di thi gian bo qun, hoc ci thin mu m
sn phm cn c tin hnh mt cch v sinh, m bo trnh gy nhim ln
rau qu ti.
Ch c s dng cc ho cht c php s dng (nh thuc dit nm, mng
bao sn phm, sp ph ) v cc ch phm sinh hc hoc cc phng php
c php s dng (nh chiu x, x l nhit) trong x l sau thu hoch. Vic
x l cn c thc hin theo hng dn ca nh sn xut.

Trng hp x l bng chiu x, c s phi tun th cc quy nh hin hnh ca


Vit Nam v phi c c quan c thm quyn cp php.
Chiu x thc phm l phng php loi b cc sinh vt hi thuc i tng
kim dch, ko di thi gian bo qun i vi rau qu ti v loi b nhiu loi
bnh hi cy trng. Hin nay, trn th gii c ba phng php ph bin cho chiu
x l: Tia gamma; chm tia in t; tia X.
Liu lng chiu x ph thuc vo tng mc ch khc nhau. Vi liu chiu x
thp ch yu dng cho vic loi b cc sinh vt hi, c ch s sinh trng pht
trin ca nm mc, c ch ny mm, ko di thi gian bo qun. Vi liu chiu
x cao, tu thuc vo loi thc phm loi b cc loi k sinh trng, vi khun
gy hi cho ngi, cc loi bnh hi c ngun gc t thc phm. i vi liu
chiu x ti a, cn tham kho cc quy nh hin hnh ca Vit Nam.
5.5. ng gi v ghi nhn
Bao b, vt liu ng gi cn c thit k, ch to bo m thch hp cho cc
loi rau v qu ti nhm trnh h hi, gim thiu nguy c nhim v c ghi
nhn theo quy nh. Cc vt liu ng gi phi c lm t cc cht liu khng
c v khng e do n an ton v ph hp ca rau qu ti.
Vt liu ng gi bng cht do phi p ng cc yu cu theo quy nh hin
hnh ca Vit Nam.
Bao b ti s dng phi m bo tnh ph hp, bn, d dng v sinh, ty trng
v bo tr.
Khng c s dng cc bao b cha ho cht, phn bn v cc cht nguy him
khc lm vt liu ng gi sn phm.
Khng c vt liu ng gi trc tip trn nn t hoc nhng ch c nguy
c nhim.
Bao b sn phm phi c dn nhn theo quy nh hin hnh ca Vit Nam.

6. Qun l sinh vt hi
Cc loi gy sinh vt hi mang mi nguy ln n an ton ca rau, qu ti. S
ly lan ph hoi ca cc loi gy hi c th xy ra cc khu vc chn nui v
cung cp thc phm. Do vy, phi v sinh c s v khu vc xung quanh lun

85
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

Nu s dng t n lm chn qu, khng c st mnh vn ln trong


sn phm.

Phn 3

Thit b x l sau thu hoch (nh bnh phun thuc dit nm hoc thit b chiu
x) cn c hiu chnh thng xuyn nhm kim sot chnh xc liu lng s
dng. Bnh phun phi c ra v lm sch ti khu vc ring bit sau mi ln s
dng ha cht v trn cc loi sn phm khc nhau trnh nguy c nhim.

Phn 3

86

sch s v m bo cc cht thi c loi b mt cch ph hp.

S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs

Cc khu s ch v khu vc xung quanh cn c kim tra thng xuyn nhm


ngn nga s xm nhp ca sinh vt hi v cn c gii php phng chng bng
cc ho cht (thuc tr su hoc by b, cht sinh hc) m bo ng quy nh
hin hnh ca Vit Nam.
Khng vt nui xm nhp vo khu vc s ch.

7. Qun l cht thi


Cht thi phi c dn dp thng xuyn v tp kt ng ni quy nh. i vi
cc c s ln, cng vic ny phi thc hin nhiu ln hn.
Cht thi khng c tp trung trong khu vc s ch thc phm, trong kho v
cc khu vc lm vic khc.
Cc thng cha cht thi phi c y kn thch hp nhm ngn nga
nhim.
Cc v hp cha thuc tr sinh vt hi phi c thu gom v x l theo quy
nh.
Cht thi hu c phi c x l hoc lm thnh phn v cn b tr ch x l xa
khu vc s ch bo qun.
Cht thi v c phi c thu gom v mang ti khu vc quy nh.

8. V sinh c nhn
Cng nhn v khch tham quan, b nhim bnh truyn nhim c th gy nhim
qua rau qu ti, khng c php i vo c s. Cng nhn nghi c bnh u
phi bo co ngay lp tc v tnh trng bnh hoc triu chng bnh cho ngi
qun l.
Cng nhn b nhim cc bnh nh vng da, vim gan A, tiu chy khng c
tip xc rau qu ti. Cng nhn phi c kim tra sc kho hng nm.
Cng nhn phi ra tay sch trc khi bt u ng gi v s ch sn phm,
phi ra tay ngay sau khi i v sinh, tip xc cc vt b nhim. Phi ra tay
bng x phng, lau kh bng khn sch hoc giy v sinh trc khi tip xc vi
rau, qu ti.
Cng nhn khng c ht thuc, n ung, khc nh, ht hi v ho khi thc hin
s ch rau qu ti. Khng c mng tay di v eo trang sc, ng
hkhi thao tc s ch bo qun rau qu ti.

Phn 3

Nu s dng gng tay, cng nhn phi gi cho gng tay lun trong iu kin
v sinh sch s. Chng cn c tho ra trc khi i vo phng v sinh v
li ni lm vic.

87

Cng nhn cn phi c cc kin thc v k nng cn thit trong s ch v x l


rau, qu ti mt cch v sinh. Do vy cng nhn phi c o to v cc quy
tc v sinh c nhn cp trong mc 9 v thc hnh v sinh trong s ch v
phn phi rau, qu ti.
Ngi c trch nhim s dng ho cht trong x l sau thu hoch, v sinh v
kh trng, cn phi c hng dn s dng ng cch.

10. Ghi chp


Cc ghi chp chi tit trong thc hnh sn xut tt c cc c s lu gi. Thng
tin v truy nguyn ngun gc sn phm cng cn c lu ti c s sn xut.
Cc thng tin v GMP, cc SOP v truy nguyn ngun gc sn phm c lu
gi trong khong thi gian ti thiu l 2 nm v lu hn khi cc c quan c thm
quyn hoc ngi mua yu cu.
Ghi chp lu gi cc s vic xy ra v cc cng vic c trin khai (Nguyn
nhn nhim c pht hin v cc hot ng khc phc c thc hin
ngn nga s ti din).

11. Vn chuyn
Cc phng tin vn chuyn hoc thng cha phi ph hp vi chng loi rau,
qu ti v cc iu kin km theo khi vn chuyn.
Trong cc trng hp cn thit, phng tin vn chuyn phi c thit k v
kt cu sao cho:



Khng lm nhim rau, qu ti hoc bao b cha ng.


C th v sinh d dng v kh trng khi cn thit.
Cho php ngn cch cc loi sn phm khc nhau
Bo v hiu qu rau, qu ti khi b nhim bao gm c bi v khi.

Cc phng tin vn chuyn cn c gi trng thi thch hp cho sa cha,


bo dng v v sinh. Nu s dng phng tin vn chuyn cc loi thc
phm khc, hoc phi thc phm th phng tin phi c kh trng sau mi
ln s dng. Rau, qu ti phi c bo qun ng cch trong qu trnh vn
chuyn.

CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

9. o to

Phn 4

88
S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs

PHN

KIM TRA, NH GI VietGAP/GMPs


C S SN XUT, S CH NG GI
RAU, QU TI

Nhm tc gi
Th.S L Sn H

T.S Caroline Ct
Th.S Cao Vit H
Th.S V Tun Linh

....................

CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM


c lp - T do - Hnh phc

2)..............................................................................................................................................................

3)..............................................................................................................................................................

1)..............................................................................................................................................................

2)..............................................................................................................................................................

9. i din c s:

CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

8. Thnh phn on kim tra: 1)..............................................................................................................................................................

7. Hnh thc kim tra:..................................................................................................................................................................................

6. Ngy kim tra:.........................................................................................................................................................................................

5. Loi rau, qu:..........................................................................................................................................................................................

4. M s (nu c):.......................................................................................................................................................................................

3. S in thoi:..............................................................................................S Fax:................................................................................

2. a ch:....................................................................................................................................................................................................

1. Tn c s:...............................................................................................................................................................................................

I. THNG TIN CHUNG

BIN BN KIM TRA NH GI


QUY TRNH THC HNH SN XUT NNG NGHIP TT (VietGAP) CHO RAU, QU, CH AN TON
(Dnh cho ngi sn xut t nh gi, thanh tra vin v c quan chc nng s dng khi cn)

(TN C QUAN KIM TRA)

Mc I

Phn 4

89

[ ]
[ ]

nh gi nguy c nhim ho hc, sinh vt, vt l do vng sn


xut c th gy nhim bn sn phm cha?

c c s khoa hc c th khc phc hoc gim nguy c


nhim ho hc, sinh vt, vt l cha?

2 (A)

3 (A)

[ ]
[ ]
[ ]

tin hnh hng nm cng tc phn tch, nh gi cc nguy c


tim n v ho hc, sinh vt, vt l trong t v gi th ca vng
sn xut c th gy nhim bn sn phm cha?

c bin php chng xi mn v thoi ho t khng?

C chn th vt nui gy nhim t, ngun nc trong vng sn


xut khng?

Nu c chn th vt nui, c bin php x l bo m khng


lm nhim mi trng v sn phm cha?

6 (A)

7 (B)

8 (B)

9 (A)

[ ]

[ ]

Trong trng hp phi mua, c h s ghi li y ngun gc


v ging v gc ghp cha?

5 (B)

3. Qun l t v gi th

[ ]

c h s ghi li y cc bin php x l v ging v gc


ghp t sn xut cha?

4 (A)

2.Ging v gc ghp

[ ]

t
(Ac)

Vng sn xut c ph hp vi quy hoch ca Nh nc v a


phng i vi loi cy trng d kin sn xut khng?

Ch tiu nh gi

1 (A)

TT

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

Nh
(Min)

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

Nng
(Ma)

Sai li

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

Nghim
trng (Se)

Kt qu nh gi sai
Khng
p dng
(N/A)

S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs

II. CH TIU NH GI:


Din gii sai
li v thi
hn khc
phc

Phn 4

90

[ ]
[ ]
[ ]

Dng c, ni phi trn v lu gi bn phn c c v sinh v bo


dng khng?

C s dng phn bn c nguy c nhim cao khng?

ghi chp v lu vo h s khi mua v s dng phn bn v cht


ph gia cha?

12

(A)

[ ]

lu vo h s cc nh gi nguy c nhim ho cht v sinh


hc t ngun nc s dng cha?

17 (A)

[ ]
[ ]
[ ]

T chc, c nhn s dng lao ng c tp hun v ho cht,


thuc bo v thc vt v cch s dng cha?

Ngi lao ng s dng hay hng dn s dng ho cht c


hun luyn cha?

C p dng bin php qun l su bnh tng hp (IPM) v qun l


cy trng tng hp (ICM) khng?

18 (B)

19 (A)

20 (C)

6. S dng ho cht, thuc bo v thc vt

[ ]

Cht lng nc ti m bo theo tiu chun hin hnh


cha?

16 (A)

5. Nc ti

[ ]

Phn bn s dng c trong Danh mc phn bn c php sn


xut, kinh doanh v s dng ti Vit Nam khng ?

11 (A)

15 (A)

[ ]

Hng nm c nh gi mi nguy gy nhim ha hc, sinh hc do


s dng phn bn khng?

t
(Ac)

10 (B)

4. Phn bn v cht ph gia

Ch tiu nh gi

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

Nh
(Min)

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

Nng
(Ma)

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

Nghim
trng (Se)

Khng
p dng
(N/A)

CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

TT

Sai li

Kt qu nh gi sai

Din gii sai


li v thi
hn khc
phc

Phn 4

91

[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]

C mua cc loi ho cht, thuc bo v thc vt, thuc sinh hc t


cc ca hng c giy php kinh doanh khng?

C s dng ho cht, thuc bo v thc vt ng theo hng dn


ghi trn nhn khng?

lp nht k v h s theo di vic s dng v x l ho cht,


thuc bo v thc vt cha?

Kho cha, cch sp xp, bo qun, s dng v x l cc loi ho


cht c thc hin ng nh VietGAP hng dn cha?

Cc loi nhin liu xng, du, v ho cht khc c c bo qun


ring ni ph hp khng?

C tin hnh kim tra thng xuyn kho ho cht loi b cc


ho cht ht hn s dng, b cm s dng khng?

Khi thay th bao b, thng cha c ghi y tn ho cht, hng


dn s dng nh bao b, thng cha gc khng?

Vic tiu hu ho cht v bao b c c thc hin ng theo quy


nh ca nh nc khng?

C thng xuyn kim tra vic thc hin quy trnh sn xut v d
lng ho cht khng?

22 (B)

23 (A)

24 (A)

25 (A)

26 (B)

27 (B)

28 (A)

29 (B)

30 (B)

[ ]
[ ]

Vic thu hoch sn phm c ng thi gian cch ly khng?

Thit b, dng c thu hoch, s ch, bo qun sn phm c bo


m sch s, an ton v ph hp khng?

31 (A)

32 (A)

7. Thu hoch v x l sau thu hoch

[ ]

Ho cht, thuc bo v thc vt, thuc sinh hc mua c trong danh


mc c php s dng khng?

21 (A)

t
(Ac)

Ch tiu nh gi

TT

[ ]

[ ]

Nh
(Min)

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

Nng
(Ma)

Sai li

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

Nghim
trng (Se)

Khng
p dng
(N/A)

S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs

Kt qu nh gi sai

Din gii sai


li v thi
hn khc
phc

Phn 4

92

[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]

c bin php ngn chn cc loi sinh vt ly nhim trong v


ngoi khu vc s ch, ng gi cha?

ghi ch b, by phng tr dch hi v m bo khng lm


nhim sn phm cha?

thit k v xy dng nh v sinh nhng v tr ph hp v ban


hnh ni quy v sinh c nhn cha?

Cc loi ho cht, ch phm, mng sp s dng sau thu hoch c


c Nh nc cho php s dng khng?

Cht lng nc s dng sau thu hoch c ng vi qui nh


khng?

41 (A)

42 (B)

43 (B)

44 (A)

45 (A)

[ ]

[ ]

C nghim chnh thc hin iu kin an ton v sinh, bo v bng


n ni khu vc s ch cha?

38 (A)

[ ]

[ ]

Vic s dng ho cht x l sn phm sau thu hoch thc


hin ng quy nh s dng an ton ho cht khng?

37 (A)

Nh xng, thit b, dng c c c thng xuyn v sinh khng?

[ ]

Sn phm c c s ch, phn loi v ng gi ng qui nh


m bo khng gy nhim bn hay khng?

36 (A)

Gia sc, gia cm c c cch ly khi khu vc s ch khng?

[ ]

C s dng ngun nc sch ra sn phm sau thu hoch


khng?

35 (A)

39 (A)

[ ]

Khu vc s ch, ng gi v bo qun sn phm c c cch ly


vi cc kho, bi cha ho cht hay cc vt t khc khng?

34 (A)

40 (A)

[ ]

C tun th vic khng sn phm tip xc trc tip vi t


khng?

t
(Ac)

33 (A)

Ch tiu nh gi

[ ]

[ ]

Nh
(Min)

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

Nng
(Ma)

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

Nghim
trng (Se)

Khng
p dng
(N/A)

CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

TT

Sai li

Kt qu nh gi sai

Din gii sai


li v thi
hn khc
phc

Phn 4

93

[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]

Ngi lao ng c nm trong tui lao ng theo quy nh ca


php lut khng?

Ngi lao ng c tp hun v vn hnh my mc, s dng


ho cht, an ton lao ng v trang b y bo h lao ng
cha?

Ngi lao ng c c cung cp iu kin lm vic v sinh hot


theo VietGAP khng?

Ngi lao ng tham gia vn chuyn, bc d c c tp hun


thao tc thc hin nhim v khng?

trang b y thuc, dng c y t v bng hng dn s cu


khi b ng c ho cht cha?

c bin cnh bo vng sn xut rau, qu va mi c phun


thuc cha?

C nh v sinh cho ngi lao ng khu vc sn xut khng?

49 (B)

50 (B)

51 (B)

52 (C)

53 (B)

54 (A)

55 (C)

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

Ngi lao ng lm vic trong vng sn xut c h s c nhn


khng?

9. Ngi lao ng

Nc thi, rc thi c c thu gom v x l theo ng quy nh


gim thiu nguy c gy nhim bn n ngi lao ng v sn
phm khng?

[ ]

t
(Ac)

48 (C)

47 (A)

Phng tin, dng c bo qun, vn chuyn sn phm c bo m


sch s, an ton v ph hp khng?

46 (A)

8. Qun l v x l cht thi

Ch tiu nh gi

TT

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

Nh
(Min)

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

Nng
(Ma)

Sai li

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

Nghim
trng (Se)

Khng
p dng
(N/A)

S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs

Kt qu nh gi sai

Din gii sai


li v thi
hn khc
phc

Phn 4

94

[ ]

C h s nh gi ni b khng?

Sn phm VietGAP c nhn mc khng?

C h s cho tng l sn phm khi xut hng khng?

Khi pht hin sn phm b nhim hoc c nguy c nhim,


cch ly v ngng phn phi; ng thi thng bo cho ngi tiu
dng cha?

59 (A)

60 (A)

61 (A)

62 (A)

[ ]

T chc v c nhn sn xut gii quyt n khiu ni ng quy


nh ca php lut cha? C lu trong h s khng?

68 (B)

Tng hp

[ ]

T chc v c nhn sn xut c sn mu n khiu ni khi


khch hng c yu cu cha?

67 (B)

12. Khiu ni v gii quyt khiu ni

[ ]

tng kt v bo co kt qu kim tra cho c quan qun l cht


lng khi c yu cu cha?

66 (B)

[ ]
[ ]

Ngi nh gi ni b c p ng yu cu khng?

k vo bng kim tra nh gi/kim tra ni b cha?

65 (B)

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

64 (C)

tin hnh kim tra ni b t nht mi nm mt ln cha?

63 (A)

11. Kim tra ni b

[ ]

H s c c lu tr ng thi gian quy nh khng?

58 (A)

[ ]

C nht k, h s qu trnh sn xut, s ch khng?

H s lu tr c ng quy nh khng ?

56 (A)

[ ]

t
(Ac)

57 (A)

10. Ghi chp, lu gi h s, truy nguyn ngun gc v thu hi


sn phm

Ch tiu nh gi

[ ]

Nh
(Min)

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

Nng
(Ma)

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

Nghim
trng (Se)

Khng
p dng
(N/A)

CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

TT

Sai li

Kt qu nh gi sai

Din gii sai


li v thi
hn khc
phc

Phn 4

95

S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs

....................., ngy
thng
nm
I DIN C S C KIM TRA
(K tn)

....................., ngy
thng
nm
TRNG ON KIM TRA
(K tn, ng du)

V. KIN CA I DIN C S SN XUT:.........................................................................................................................................


.........................................................................................................................................................................................................

IV. NHN XT V KIN NGH CA ON KIM TRA:...........................................................................................................................


.........................................................................................................................................................................................................

III. KT LUN CA ON KIM TRA: ...................................................................................................................................................


.........................................................................................................................................................................................................

Ghi ch: 1)Khi nh gi ni b, cc ch tiu trong mc 1 v 11 s khng p dng v c xem nh t trong bng tng hp chung.
2) Cc ch tiu khng p dng, khng nh gi (N/A) c xem l t trong bng tng hp chung
3) Ch tiu 39 n 46 ch p dng i vi rau, qu.

Phn 4

96

I. NH NGHA CC MC LI
1. t (Ac):

L p ng hon ton quy nh.

2. Li nghim trng (Se): L sai lch so vi tiu chun, gy mt an ton thc
phm, nh hng ti sc kho ngi tiu dng.
3. Li nng (Ma): L sai lch so vi tiu chun, c th nh hng n
an ton thc phm, nhng cha ti mc nghim
trng.
4. Li nh (Mi): L sai lch so vi tiu chun gy tr ngi cho vic
kim sot v sinh nhng cha n mc nng.
II. HNG DN S DNG BIU MU (BIN BN) KIM TRA, NH GI
1- Khng b sung hoc b bt ni dung, mc nh gi c quy nh trong
mi ch tiu.
2- Vi mi ch tiu, ch xc nh mc nh gi ti cc ct c k hiu [ ], khng
c xc nh mc nh gi vo ct khng c k hiu [ ].
3- Dng k hiu hoc x nh du vo cc v tr mc nh gi c xc nh
i vi mi ch tiu hoc nh vo ct NA.
4- Mi mt ch tiu ch nh vo mt t (AC) hoc sai li tng ng (Mi, Ma,
Se) hoc khng p dng (N/A)
5- Din gii chi tit li hoc l do khng p ng (N/A) v thi hn c s phi khc
phc sai li.
III. HNG DN NH GI
1. nh gi v la chn vng sn xut
1.1. Ch tiu 1: Vng sn xut c ph hp vi quy hoch ca Nh nc v
a phng i vi loi cy trng d kin sn xut khng? (A- 1 mc li
nng).

(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP)

97
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

HNG DN PHNG PHP KIM TRA


NH GI VietGAP C S SN XUT RAU, QU, CH
AN TON

Phn 4

Mc II

Phn 4

98
S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs

1.1.1. Yu cu: Vng sn xut ph hp vi quy hoch ca nh nc v a


phng i vi loi cy trng d kin sn xut.
1.1.2. Phng php: Xem xt h s, ti liu (S tha t v Biu mu
trong S ghi chp), xem xt thc t v phng vn (nu cn) nh
gi:
1.1.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 1.1.1.
nh gi t (Ac)

Khng ph hp vi1.1.1.
nh gi li nng (Ma)
1.2. Ch tiu 2: nh gi nguy c nhim ho hc, sinh vt, vt l do vng
sn xut c th gy nhim bn sn phm khng? (A- 1 mc li nghim
trng).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; S ghi chp p dng
VietGAP)
1.2.1. Yu cu: Vng sn xut khng c cc nguy c gy nhim cho sn
phm
1.2.2. Phng php: Xem xt nh gi cc s liu phn tch t ai v xem xt
thc t (Tham chiu S tay 1.2.1.1). tin hnh ly mu (Tham chiu S
tay 1.2.1.2, Q 99) (nu cn):
1.2.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi1.2.1.
nh gi t (Ac)

Khng ph hp vi1.2.1
nh gi li Nghim trng (Se)
1.3. Ch tiu 3: c c s khoa hc c th khc phc hoc gim nguy
c nhim ho hc, sinh vt, vt l cha? (A- 2 mc li nh hoc nghim
trng).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; S ghi chp p dng
VietGAP)
1.3.1. Yu cu: c c s khoa hc khc phc hoc gim thiu nguy
c nhim ho hc, sinh hc
1.3.2. Phng php: nh gi h s lu v cc phng php x l t, kt
qu phn tch nhim t, xem xt thc t khu vc trng trt v phng
vn (nu cn) nh gi (S ghi chp p dng VietGAP):
1.3.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi1.3.1.
nh gi t (Ac)

Khng ph hp vi1.3.1
o Li nghim trng (Se): Khng c bng chng khoa hc v khng
c hnh ng khc phc nguy c nhim ho hc, sinh hc do t
trng gy ra i vi sn phm.
o Li nh (Mi): Khng c bng chng khoa hc nhng c cc hnh
ng khc phc nhm khc phc hoc gim thiu nguy c nhim
do t trng gy ra i vi sn phm.
2. GING V GC GHP
2.1. Ch tiu 4: c h s ghi li y cc bin php x l v ging v gc
ghp t sn xut cha? (A- 1 mc li Nh).
Vi cy n qu, ch ch tiu ny khng gy ra nguy c v an ton thc
phm

3. QUN L T V GI TH
3.1. Ch tiu 6: tin hnh hng nm cng tc phn tch, nh gi cc nguy
c tim n v ho hc, sinh vt, vt l trong t v gi th ca vng sn
xut c th gy nhim bn sn phm cha? (A- 1 mc Nng).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; SOP, S ghi chp p
dng VietGAP)
3.1.1. Yu cu: Cc ch tiu phn tch v sinh hc, ho hc i vi t trng v
gi th khng c vt qu gii hn quy nh.
3.1.2. Phng php: Xem xt h s ghi chp cc phng php x l t (Biu
mu trong S ghi chp), kt qu phn tch t ca phng th nghim l:
3.1.3. nh gi:
Ph hp vi 3.1.1
nh gi t (Ac)
Khng ph hp vi 3.1.1
nh gi li nng (Ma) nu:

o Khng c nh gi nguy c nhim hoc

o Hm lng kim loi nng trong t vt qu mc gii hn ti a cho
php v khng c bin php x l hu hiu gim thiu nguy c
nhim cho sn phm
3.2. Ch tiu 7: c bin php chng xi mn v thoi ho t khng? (B- 2
mc li Nh v Nng).

99
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

2.2. Ch tiu 5: Trong trng hp phi mua, c h s ghi li y ngun


gc v ging v gc ghp cha? (B- 2 Nh (Mi) and Nng (Ma).
Vi cy n qu, ch ch tiu ny khng gy ra nguy c v an ton thc
phm

Vi rau :
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; SOP; S ghi chp p
dng VietGAP)
2.2.1. Yu cu: C ghi chp y v ngun gc ging v gc ghp theo mu
quy nh ca VietGAP. Phi c tn v a ch ca ngi cung cp ging.
2.2.2. Phng php: nh gi h s ghi chp, xem xt thc t v phng vn
(nu cn) nh gi:
2.2.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 2.2.1
nh gi t (Ac)

Khng ph hp vi 2.2.1
o Li nh (Mi): C ghi chp nhng khng y
o Li nng (Ma): Khng c ghi chp

Phn 4


Vi rau:
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; SOP, S ghi chp p
dng VietGAP)
2.1.1. Yu cu: C h s ghi chp y v cc bin php x l ging v gc
ghp t sn xut theo quy nh ca VietGAP
2.1.2. Phng php: Xem xt h s ghi chp v ging, gc ghp, khu vc vn
m v xem xt thc t, phng vn (nu cn thit) nh gi:
2.1.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 2.1.1.
t (Ac)

Khng ph hp vi 2.1.1.
nh gi li nh (Mi)

Phn 4

100
S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs


(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP)
3.2.1. Yu cu: C bin php chng xi mn v thoi ho t, cc bin php
c ghi chp li
3.2.2. Phng php: Xem xt h s v kim tra thc t
3.2.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 3.2.1
nh gi (Ac)

Khng ph hp vi 3.2.1.
nh gi: Nh (Mi) nu:
o C bng chng thc hin cc phng php ngn nga xi mn v
thoi ho t nhng khng c ghi chp

Khng ph hp vi 3.2.1.
nh gi: Nng (Ma) nu:
o Khng c bin php hu hiu ngn nga xi mn v thoi ho t.
3.3. Ch tiu 8: C chn th vt nui gy nhim t, ngun nc trong vng
sn xut khng? (B- 1 Nng).

(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP)
3.3.1. Yu cu: Chn th vt nui khng gy nhim cho t v nc trong
vng sn xut.
3.3.2. Phng php: nh gi, xem xt khu vc sn xut, khu vc ln cn v
phng vn (nu cn) nh gi:
3.3.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 3.3.1.
nh gi t (Ac)
o Chn th vt nui xy ra khi khng trng trt hoc khng chn th
vt nui

Khng ph hp vi 3.3.1.
nh gi Nng (Ma) nu:
o Chn th vt nui ti vng sn xut khi ang trng trt.
3.3. Ch tiu 9: Nu c chn th vt nui, c bin php x l bo m
khng lm nhim mi trng v sn phm cha? (A 2 Nng v
Nghim trng).

(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP)
3.4.1. Yu cu: C chung tri v bin php x l cht thi m bo khng lm
nhim mi trng sn phm.
3.4.2. Phng php: nh gi, xem xt ng rung, khu ln cn v phng vn
(nu cn)
3.4.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 3.4.1.
nh gi t (Ac)

Khng ph hp vi 3.4.1.
nh gi li nh (Mi) nu:
o C nguy c gy nhim mi trng nhng khng gy nhim cho
sn phm

Khng ph hp vi 3.4.1.
nh gi li nghim trng (Se) nu :
o C nguy c gy nhim sn phm
4. PHN BN V CHT B SUNG
4.1. Ch tiu 10: Hng nm c nh gi mi nguy gy nhim ha hc, sinh
hc do s dng phn bn khng? (B Mc li Nng (Ma).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; S ghi chp p dng
VietGAP)
4.1.1. Yu cu: Hng nm cn nh gi mi nguy gy nhim ha hc, sinh

4.3. Ch tiu 12: C s dng phn bn c nguy c nhim cao khng? (A
02 mc li nng Ma v nghim trng Se).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; S ghi chp p dng
VietGAP)
4.3.1.  Yu cu: Khng s dng phn hu c truyn thng cha qua x l (
hoai mc), rc thi sinh hot v rc thi cng nghip cha qua ch bin.
Nu x l phn hu c ti ch, phi ghi li thi gian, phng php x l
v lu h s.
4.3.2. Phng php: Kim tra h s v hoc phng vn t chc, c nhn (nu
cn thit).
4.3.3. nh gi:
Ph hp vi 4.3.1:
nh gi t (Ac)
Khng ph hp vi 4.3.1
nh gi nghim trng (Se) nu:
o S dng phn ti trong sn xut rau .

Khng ph hp vi 4.3.1
nh gi Nng (Ma) nu:
o S dng phn hu c c khng ph hp, cha hoai mc
trng rau. Hoc trng hp t sn xut, cn phi c quy trnh v
x l thch hp trong thi gian nht nh (SOP v phn hu c ti

101
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

4.2. Ch tiu 11: Phn bn s dng c trong Danh mc phn bn c php
sn xut, kinh doanh v s dng ti Vit Nam khng? (A 1 mc li
nng).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; S ghi chp p dng
VietGAP)
4.2.1. Yu cu: Ch s dng cc loi phn bn ha hc trong danh mc c
php sn xut, kinh doanh Vit Nam.
4.2.2. Phng php: Xem xt tt c cc ti liu, ghi chp v vic mua bn, s
dng phn bn ha hc ca c s v xem xt thc t kho lu cha phn bn,
so snh vi danh mc do B Nng nghip v PTNT ban hnh hng nm.
4.2.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 4.2.1.
nh gi t (Ac) nu:

Khng ph hp vi 4.2.1.
nh gi nng (Ma) nu:
C phn ha hc hoc cht b sung khng nm trong danh mc c
php sn xut, kinh doanh Vit Nam .

Phn 4

hc do s dng phn bn. Nu xc nh c nguy c gy nhim, cn


p dng cc bin php khc phc nhm gim thiu nguy c nhim; ghi
chp v lu h s.
4.1.2. Phng php: Xem xt h s mua phn bn, kt qu phn tch, tin
hnh kim tra thc t, phng vn (nu cn thit).
4.1.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 4.1.1.
nh gi t(Ac)

Khng ph hp vi 4.1.1.
nh gi li nng (Ma) nu:

o Khng c nh gi hoc nh gi cha y cc mi nguy sinh hc
lin quan n phn hu c; mi nguy ha hc do phn ha hc v cht
bn b sung c th gy ra;

o Hoc khng c cc bin php ngn nga ph hp nhm gim thiu cc
nguy c nhim sn phm do phn bn gy ra;

o Hoc khng c ghi chp h s y v cc phn bn hu c mang
cc mi nguy m h c v ang bo qun.

Phn 4

102
S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs

trang tri), nhng khng c h s ghi chp y chng minh l


qu trnh , x l ph hp vi quy nh ti SOP2.
o S dng phn ti hoc phn cha c x l, ph hp bn cho
cy n qu lu nm nhng khng trc tip tip xc vi qu ca cy
n qu.
4.4. Ch tiu 13: Dng c, ni phi trn v lu gi bn phn c c v sinh
v bo dng khng? (B 1 mc li Nng (Ma).

(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP)
4.4.1. Yu cu: Cc dng c, ni phi trn v lu gi bn phn sau khi s dng
cn c v sinh v bo dng thng xuyn.
4.4.2. Phng php: Kim tra thc a v phng vn (khi cn thit).
4.4.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 4.4.1
nh gi t (Ac)

Khng ph hp vi 4.4.1
nh gi li nng (Ma)
4.5. Ch tiu 14: Ni cha phn bn, dng c phi trn c c lp v
cch ly vi khu bo qun sn phm v ngun nc ti khng? (A li
nghim trng Se).

(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP)
4.5.1. Yu cu: Ni cha phn bn hay khu vc dng c phi trn phn bn
phi c lp v cch ly vi khu bo qun sn phm v ngun nc ti.
4.5.2. Phng php: Kim tra thc a v phng vn (khi cn thit)

Ph hp vi 4.5.1
nh gi t (Ac)

Khng ph hp vi 4.5.1
nh gi nghim trng (Se)
4.6. Ch tiu 15: ghi chp v lu vo h s khi mua v s dng phn bn
v cht ph gia cha? (A - 2 mc li nh( Mi) v nng (Ma).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; S ghi chp p dng
VietGAP)
4.6.1. Yu cu: Ghi chp v lu gi h s mua (Biu mu trong S ghi chp)
phn bn v cht ph gia
4.6.2. Phng php: Xem xt h s theo di mua, s dng phn bn v cht
ph gia, khu vc bo qun phn bn v cht ph gia trn thc t v
phng vn (khi cn thit).
4.6.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 4.6.1
nh gi t(Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 4.6.1
nh gi li nh (Mi) nu:
o C theo di nhng cha ghi y thng tin theo yu cu v lu tr
cha y .

Khng ph hp vi 4.6.1
nh gi nng (Ma) nu:
o Khng c h s ghi chp v mua bn v s dng phn bn v cht
ph gia
5. NC TI
5.1. Ch tiu 16: Cht lng nc ti m bo theo tiu chun hin
hnh cha? (A 2 mc li nng v nghim trng).
Nc s dng ti cy:

103
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

5.2. Ch tiu 17: lu vo h s cc nh gi nguy c nhim ho cht


v sinh hc t ngun nc s dng cha? (A - 3 mc li nh (Mi), nng
(Ma) v nghim trng (Se).
Nc s dng ti cy :
(Tham chiu: QCVN 39:2011/BTNMT/PL2 QCVN 01:132/BNNPTNT,
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; S ghi chp p dng
VietGAP)
5.2.1. Yu cu: Phng php x l, kt qu nh gi nguy c nhim ho cht
v sinh hc t ngun nc s dng c ghi chp v lu trong h s
5.2.2. Phng php: Xem xt h s ghi chp bin php x l, s liu phn tch
nc ti, xem xt thc t khu vc sn xut v vng ln cn v phng
vn (khi cn thit).
5.2.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 5.2.1
nh gi t (Ac) nu:
o Cc nh gi v nguy c nhim (sinh hc, ha hc) c ghi chp
v lu vo h s. Khi tin hnh cc bin php x l nc nhm loi
b hoc gim thiu cc nguy c nhim th cc phng php x l
u c ghi chp li.

Khng ph hp 5.2.1
nh gi li nh (Mi) nu:
o  tin hnh nh gi nguy c nhim, gii hn ti a nhim kim
loi nng v cc ch tiu cht lng nc khc p ng yu cu
ti cy sau khi x l nhng vn cha y .

Khng ph hp vi 5.2.1
nh gi li nng (Ma) nu:
o Khng c nh gi nguy c nhim hoc

Hm lng kim loi nng v cc ch tiu khc khng p ng yu cu
ca nc ti

Khng ph hp vi 5.2.1
nh gi li nghim trng (Se) nu:
S ch: Khng c nh gi nhim hoc hm lng kim loi nng, ch
tiu vi sinh v cc ch tiu khc khng p ng yu cu nc x l sau
thu hoch

Phn 4


(Tham chiu: QCVN 39:2011/BTNMT/PL2 QCVN 01:132/BNNPTNT,

Tham chiu: QCVN 01:132/BNNPTNT,
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; SOP; S ghi chp p
dng VietGAP)

Nc dng x l sau thu hoach:
(Tham chiu QCVN 02/2009/BYT, GMP S tay (Chng v nc), SOP
v nc)
5.1.1. Yu cu: nc s dng ti cy phi p ng quy nh ti QCVN
39:2011/BTNMT/PL2 QCVN 01:132/BNNPTNT.
5.1.2. Phng php: Xem xt kt qu phn tch cht lng nc ti v
phng vn (khi cn thit).
5.1.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 5.1.1
nh gi t (Ac)

Khng ph hp vi 5.1.1
nh gi li nghim trng (Ma) nu:
 Mc gii hn ti a cho php ca kim loi nng v cc ch tiu cht
lng khc ca nc ti t yu cu nhng c sai st trong vic ly
mu hoc gi mu n ni phn tch cha c cng nhn/ch nh

Khng ph hp vi 5.1.1
nh gi li nghim trng (Se) nu:
Mc gii hn ti a cho php ca kim loi nng hoc cc ch tiu cht
lng khc ca nc ti khng t yu cu.

Phn 4

104

6. S DNG HA CHT, THUC BO V THC VT

S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs

6.1. Ch tiu 18: T chc, c nhn s dng lao ng c tp hun v


ho cht, thuc bo v thc vt v cch s dng cha? (B 2 nh (Mi)
v nng (Ma)).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; S ghi chp p dng
VietGAP)
6.1.1. Yu cu: T chc, c nhn c tp hun v ho cht, thuc bo v
thc vt v cch s dng
6.1.2. Phng php: Xem xt h s o to v phng vn (khi cn thit).
6.1.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 6.1.1.
nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 6.1.1
nh gi li nng (Ma) nu:
Khng c h s ghi chp chng t t chc, c nhn s dng lao ng
c tp hun v s dng an ton ha cht, thuc bo v thc vt.
6.2. Ch tiu 19: Ngi lao ng s dng hay hng dn s dng ho cht
c hun luyn cha? (A- 2 mc li nng (Ma) v nghim trng(Se).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; S ghi chp p dng
VietGAP)
6.2.1. Yu cu: Ngi lao ng trc tip s dng hay hng dn s dng
thuc BVTV phi c tp hun v cch s dng ho cht
6.2.2. Phng php: Xem xt h s o to/tp hun v phng vn (khi cn
thit).
6.2.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 6.2.1
nh gi t (Ac)

Khng ph hp vi 6.2.1
nh gi li nng (Ma):
o Ngi lao ng ph trch phun ri thuc BVTV c tp hun
nhng hiu bit v s dng thuc BVTV an ton, hiu qu cn hn
ch.

Khng ph hp vi 6.2.1
nh gi li nghim trng(Se) nu:
o Ngi lao ng ph trch phun ri thuc BVTV cha c tp hun
kin thc v s dng thuc BVTV an ton hiu qu.
6.3. Ch tiu 20: C p dng bin php qun l su bnh tng hp (IPM) v
qun l cy trng tng hp (ICM) khng? (C 1 mc li nh (Mi ).

(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP)
6.3.1. Yu cu: p dng IPM hoc ICM.
6.3.2. Phng php; Xem xt ti liu lin quan n qun l su bnh tng hp
(IPM) v qun l cy trng tng hp (ICM)v thc t sn xut, phng vn
(khi cn thit).
6.3.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 6.3.1
nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 6.3.1
nh gi li nh (Mi) nu:
o Khng p dng IPM & ICM
6.4. Ch tiu 21: Ho cht, thuc bo v thc vt, thuc sinh hc mua c trong
danh mc c php s dng khng? (A mt mc li nghim trng).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP, S ghi chp p dng
VietGAP)

6.6. Ch tiu 23: C s dng ho cht, thuc bo v thc vt ng theo


hng dn ghi trn nhn khng? (A 1 mc li nghim trng(Se).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; S ghi chp p dng
VietGAP)
6.6.1. Yu cu: S dng ho cht, thuc bo v thc vt theo ng hng dn
ghi trn nhn hoc hng dn ca c quan nh nc c thm quyn:

S dng thuc ng vi loi cy trng ghi trn nhn

S dng ng nng hng dn ghi trn nhn

Tun th ng thi gian cch ly

Tham kho kin cn b k thut ghi hn hp thuc
6.6.2. Phng php: Xem xt h s ghi chp vic s dng ho cht, thuc BVTV,
ti liu hng dn s dng, nhn thc t v phng vn (khi cn thit).
6.6.3. nh gi.

Ph hp vi 6.6.1
nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 6.6.1
nh gi li nghim trng nu:

S dng thuc BVTV khng theo ng hng dn ghi trn nhn
6.7. Ch tiu 24: lp nht k v h s theo di vic s dng v x l ho cht,
thuc bo v thc vt cha? (A 2 li nng (Ma) v nghim trng (Se).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; S ghi chp p dng
VietGAP)
6.7.1. Yu cu: Lp, ghi chp v lu gi y h s s dng v x l ho
cht, thuc bo v thc vt v bao b, thng cha ho cht

105
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

6.5. Ch tiu 22: C mua cc loi ho cht, thuc bo v thc vt, thuc sinh
hc t cc ca hng c giy php kinh doanh khng? (B mt mc li
nng (Ma)).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; S ghi chp p dng
VietGAP)
6.5.1. Yu cu: Thuc BVTV phi c mua t cc ca hng c cp php
kinh doanh thuc BVTV.
6.5.2. Phng php: Xem xt h s theo di mua, s dng ho cht, thuc
BVTV v ni bo qun ho cht, thuc BVTV.
6.5.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 6.5.1
nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 6.5.1
nh gi li nng (Ma) khi:
o C chng c cho thy thuc BVTV c mua t cc ca hng
khng c cp php kinh doanh thuc BVTV.

Phn 4

6.4.1. Yu cu: Ch c s dng thuc BVTV c ngun gc sinh hc trong


Danh mc c php s dng.
6.4.2. Phng php: Xem xt h s ghi chp mua v s dng cc loi thuc
BVTV, so snh vi danh mc thuc BVTV c php s dng hin
hnh.
6.4.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 6.4.1
nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 6.4.1
nh gi li nghim trng (Se) nu:
o C ho cht, thuc BVTV khng nm trong danh mc c php s
dng (nhng ho cht, thuc BVTV khng y thng tin tra
cu coi nh khng thuc danh mc).

Phn 4

106
S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs

6.7.2. Phng php: Xem xt h s ghi chp vic s dng, ghi chp vic x l
ho cht, thuc BVTV qu hn s dng; cm s dng; pha nhng
khng s dng ht v bao b, thng cha ho cht v phng vn (khi cn
thit).
6.7.3. nh gi

Ph hp vi 6.7.1
nh gi t (Ac)

Khng ph hp vi 6.7.1
nh gi li nng (Ma) nu:
o C h s ghi chp nhng cha y hoc ghi chp cha ng.

Khng ph hp vi 6.7.1
nh gi li nghim trng (Se) nu:
o Khng c h s ghi chp vic s dng thuc BVTV.
6.8. Ch tiu 25: Kho cha, cch sp xp, bo qun, s dng v x l cc
loi ho cht c thc hin ng nh VietGAP hng dn cha?
(A 2 mc li nng (Ma) v nghim trng (Se)
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; S ghi chp p dng
VietGAP)
6.8.1. Yu cu: Kho cha ho cht, thuc bo v thc vt, thuc sinh hc, cch
sp xp, bo qun, s dng v x l cc cht c thc hin theo hng
dn ca VietGAP
6.8.2. Phng php: Xem xt thc t kho cha
6.8.3. nh gi:

Khng nh gi ch tiu ny nu:
o Khng c kho thuc v l do khng bo qun, lu cha thuc ti ch.

Ph hp vi 6.8.1
nh gi (Ac).
o Sp xp, b tr, bo qun ph hp

Khng ph hp vi 6.8.1
nh gi li nng(Ma) nu:

C kho cha thuc nhng khng ring bit.

Khng ph hp vi 6.8.1
nh gi li nghim trng (Se) nu:
o Khng c kho ring hoc c nhng v tr, thit k, xy dng khng m
bo.
6.9. Ch tiu 26: Cc loi nhin liu xng, du v ho cht khc c c bo
qun ring ni ph hp khng? (B 2 mc li nh (Mi) v nng (Ma).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; S ghi chp p dng
VietGAP)
6.9.1. Yu cu: Cc loi nhin liu xng, du v ho cht khc c bo qun
ring ni ph hp.
6.9.2. Phng php: Kim tra thc t
6.9.3. nh gi:

Khng p dng (N/A) ch tiu ny nh gi nu:
o Khng c khu bo qun ring vi nhin liu xng du v ha cht
khc v l do khng bo qun ti ch

Ph hp vi 6.9.1
nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 6.9.1
nh gi li nh (Mi) nu:
o C kho bo qun ring hoc khu vc lu cha ring nhng thit k
v xy dng cha ph hp

Khng ph hp vi 6.9.1
nh gi li nng (Ma) nu:
o Khng c kho bo qun ring hoc khu vc lu cha ring v thit
k v xy dng cha ph hp

6.12. Ch tiu 29: Vic tiu hu ho cht v bao b c c thc hin ng
theo quy nh ca nh nc khng? (B 1 mc li nng (Ma)).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; SOP; S ghi chp p
dng VietGAP)
6.12.1. Yu cu: Tiu hu ho cht v bao b theo quy nh ca nh nc
6.12.2. Phng php: Xem xt h s ghi chp vic x l ho cht, thuc BVTV
qu hn s dng; cm s dng; pha nhng khng s dng ht v
bao b, thng cha ho cht v phng vn (khi cn thit).

107
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

6.11. Ch tiu 28: Khi thay th bao b, thng cha c ghi y tn ho cht,
hng dn s dng nh bao b, thng cha gc khng? (A 2 mc li
nng v nghim trng (Se).

(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP)
6.11.1. Yu cu: Khi thay th bao b, thng cha ho cht ghi y tn ho
cht, hng dn s dng nh bao b, thng cha gc
6.11.2. Phng php: Xem xt thc t nhn ho cht, thuc BVTV v phng
vn (khi cn thit).
6.11.3. nh gi:

Khng p dng (N/A) ch tiu ny nu:
o Khng thc hin sang chit, thay th bao b, thng cha thuc

Ph hp vi 6.11.1
nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 6.11.1
nh gi li nng (Ma) nu:
C
 h ghi tn thuc nhng khng ghi hng dn s dng trn nhn
dn trn bao b hoc thng cha mi

Khng ph hp vi 6.11.1
nh gi li nghim trng (Se) nu:

K
 hng ghi cc thng tin v tn thuc trn nhn dn sang bao b,
thng cha mi hoc khng c bt c thng tin no.

Phn 4

6.10. Ch tiu 27: C tin hnh kim tra thng xuyn kho ho cht loi b
cc ho cht ht hn s dng, b cm s dng khng? (B 2 mc li
nng (Ma) v nghim trng (Se)).

(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP)
6.10.1. Yu cu: C kim tra nh k kho ho cht loi b ho cht ht hn
s dng hoc b cm s dng v bao b, thng cha ho cht.
6.10.2. Phng php: Xem xt h s ghi chp vic loi b ho cht, thuc
BVTV qu hn s dng; cm s dng; pha nhng khng s dng
ht v bao b, thng cha ho cht; xem xt ho cht trong kho v phng
vn (khi cn thit).
6.10.3. nh gi

Khng nh gi, khng p dng (N/A) ch tiu ny nu:
o C s khng c kho cha, bo qun ha cht

Ph hp vi 6.10.1
nh gi t (Ac)

Khng ph hp vi 6.10.1
nh gi li nng (Ma) nu:
o Khng c quy nh xem xt nh k loi b ha cht ht hn s
dng hoc cm s dng hoc c thc hin loi b nhng khng ghi
chp vo h s. Khi kim tra kho khng pht hin ra ha cht cm
hoc ht hn s dng

Khng ph hp vi 6.10.1
nh gi li nghim trng (Se) nu:
o Khng loi b ha cht ht hn s dng v ha cht b cm s dng
(khi pht hin c ha cht cm v ht hn s dng trong kho).

Phn 4

108

6.12.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 6.12.1
nh gi t (Ac):

Khng ph hp vi 6.12.1
nh gi li nng (Ma) nu:
o Tiu hy thuc BVTV, ha cht, bao b thuc khng ng quy nh.

S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs

6.13. Ch tiu 30: C thng xuyn kim tra vic thc hin quy trnh sn xut
v d lng ho cht khng? (B 1 mc li nng (Ma).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; S ghi chp p dng
VietGAP; Kt qu kim nghim mu sn phm (nu c))
6.13.1. Yu cu: C k hoch kim tra thng xuyn vic thc hin quy trnh
sn xut v ly mu kim tra d lng ho cht trong sn phm ti
phng kim nghim c cng nhn hoc ch nh. Kt qu phn tch d
lng ho cht khng vt qu mc gii hn ti a theo quy nh.
6.13.2. Phng php: Xem h s v phng vn (cn thit)
6.13.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 6.13.1
nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 6.13.1
nh gi li nng (Ma) nu:
o Khng c k hoch thng xuyn kim tra quy trnh sn xut, khng
ly mu kim nghim hoc thc hin ly mu v kim nghim cha
ng.
7. THU HOCH V X L SAU THU HOCH
7.1. Ch tiu 31: Vic thu hoch sn phm c ng thi gian cch ly khng?
(A- 1 mc li nghim trng (Se)).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; S ghi chp p dng
VietGAP)
7.1.1. Yu cu: Tun th thi gian cch ly sau khi phun thuc, bn phn.
7.1.2. Phng php: Xem xt h s ghi chp vic s dng ho cht, thuc
BVTV, phn bn v h s gim st thu hoch, phng vn (khi cn thit).
7.1.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 7.1.1
nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 7.1.1
nh gi li nghim trng (Se) nu:
o Khng tun th thi gian cch ly.
7.2. Ch tiu 32: Thit b, dng c thu hoch, s ch, bo qun sn phm c
bo m sch s, an ton v ph hp khng?? (A 3 mc li nh (Mi),
nng (Ma) v nghim trng (Se).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; S ghi chp p dng
VietGAP)
7.2.1. Yu cu: Thit b, dng c thu hoch, s ch, bo qun v vt t tip xc
trc tip vi sn phm phi an ton cho sn phm v c v sinh, bo
dng thng xuyn.
7.2.2. Phng php: Xem xt thit b, dng c thu hoch, s ch, bo qun v
vt t tip xc trc tip vi sn phm, phng vn (khi cn thit).
7.2.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 7.2.1
nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 7.2.1
nh gi li nh (Mi) nu:

o Dng c, thit b c b mt kh lm v sinh

7.4. Ch tiu 34: Khu vc s ch, ng gi v bo qun sn phm c c


cch ly vi cc kho, bi cha ho cht hay cc vt t khc khng? (A 2
mc li nng (Ma) v nghim trng (Se)).

(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; SOP)
7.4.1. Yu cu: Khu vc s ch, ng gi v bo qun phi c cch ly vi
khu vc bo qun thuc BVTV, phn bn v cc ha cht nguy him
khc.
7.4.2 Phng php: Tin hnh kim tra thc t.
7.4.3 nh gi

Khng p dng, nh gi (N/A) nu:
o Sn phm rau, qu ti c thu hoch ti ng rung v khng
tin hnh s ch, bo qun ti c s.

Ph hp vi 7.4.1
nh gi t (Ac)

Khng ph hp vi 7.4.1
nh gi Nghim trng (Ma) nu:
o Khu vc s ch c thit k, xy dng v bo dng khng m
bo yu cu.

Khng ph hp vi 7.4.1
nh gi li nghim trng (Se) nu :
o Khu vc s ch, ng gi, bo qun c b tr ti khu vc c th
b ngp hoc b nhim bi cc ngun gy nhim xung quanh.
7.5. Ch tiu 35: C s dng ngun nc sch ra sn phm sau thu
hoch khng? (A 2 mc li nng (Ma) v nghim trng (Se).

(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; SOP)
7.5.1. Yu cu: Ra sn phm sau khi thu hoch bng nc sch

109
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

7.3. Ch tiu 33: C tun th vic khng sn phm tip xc trc tip vi
t khng? (A- 1 mc li nghim trng (Se).

(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; SOP)
7.3.1 Yu cu: Khng sn phm tip xc trc tip vi t, sn nh.
7.3.2 Phng php: Xem xt hot ng thu hoch, s ch, bo qun sn
phm v phng vn (khi cn thit).
7.3.3 nh gi

Ph hp vi 7.3.1
nh gi t (Ac)

Khng ph hp vi 7.3.1
nh gi li nghim trng (Se):
o Sn phm khi thu hoch, bo qun tip xc trc tip vi t, mt
sn .
(T ch tiu 34-46: Vi c s s ch c lp p dng Checklist i
vi GMP cho c s s ch)

Phn 4


Khng ph hp vi 7.2.1
nh gi li nng (Ma) nu:
o Thit b, dng c thu hoch khng c v sinh, bo dng thng
xuyn v ph hp.

Khng ph hp vi 7.2.1
nh gi nghim trng (Se) nu:
- Thit b, dng c, vt t tip xc trc tip vi sn phm khng
chuyn dng v c lm bng vt liu c th gy c.
- Khng phn bit thng ng ho cht v cc cht thi vi thng
ng sn phm.
- Khng c ni ct gi ring bit cc thit b, thng cha rau, qu thu
hoch v vt liu ng gi.

Phn 4

110
S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs

7.5.2. Phng php: Xem xt h s ghi chp v tin hnh nh gi thc t h


thng cp nc
7.5.3. nh gi

Khng p dng, nh gi vi cc c s sn xut khng thc hin s ch

Ph hp vi 7.5.1
nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 7.5.1
nh gi li nng(Ma) nu:

Kim tra hin trng thy h thng cp nc ph hp nhng cha c
kt qu phn tch nc.

ph hp vi 7.5.1
nh gi li nghim trng (Se) nu :
Dng nc bn x l sn phm sau thu hoch
7.6. Ch tiu 36: Sn phm c c s ch, phn loi v ng gi ng qui
nh m bo khng gy nhim bn hay khng? (A- 2 mc li Nng
and Nghim trng).

(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; SOP)
7.6.1. Yu cu: Sn phm c s ch, phn loi v ng gi ph hp nhm
gim thiu vic nhim bn sn phm.
7.6.2. Phng php: Tin hnh kim tra thc t v phng vn khi cn thit
7.6.3 nh gi
o Khng p dng, nh gi (N/A) ch tiu ny nu c s khng thc
hin ng gi v phn loi sn phm.

Ph hp vi 7.6.1
nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 7.6.1
nh gi li nng (Ma) nu:
o Vic s ch, ng gi, phn loi sn phm c nguy c phi
nhim vi cc ngun gy nhim.

Khng ph hp vi 7.6.1
nh gi nghim trng (Se) nu:
o C bng chng sn phm b nhim trong qu trnh s ch, ng
gi nh sn phm tip xc vi tay, dng c, b mt bn.
7.7. Ch tiu 37: Vic s dng ho cht x l sn phm sau thu hoch
thc hin ng quy nh s dng an ton ho cht khng?? (A 2 mc
li nng (Ma) v nghim trng (Se)

(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; SOP).
7.7.1 Yu cu: Tun th cc quy nh v s dng ha cht an ton trong x l
sn phm sau thu hoch.
7.7.2 Phng php: Xem xt h s v x l ha cht sau thu hoch, thc
hnh ti thc a v phng vn (nu cn thit).
7.7.3 nh gi

Khng p dng, nh gi (N/A) nu c s khng s dng ha cht
x l sn phm sau thu hoch

Ph hp vi 7.7.1
nh gi t(Ac)

Khng ph hp vi 7.7.1
nh gi li nng (Ma) nu:
o Khng tun th hng dn ghi trn nhn hoc quy nh ca c quan
c thm quyn.
o Thng tin, h s c ghi chp v lu gi khng y .

Khng ph hp vi 7.7.1
nh gi li nghim trng (Se) nu:
o S dng ha cht cm hoc cha c php s dng.
7.8. Ch tiu 38: C nghim chnh thc hin iu kin an ton v sinh, bo v
bng n ni khu vc s ch cha? (A 2 mc li nh (Mi) v nng (Ma).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; SOP; S ghi chp p
dng VietGAP)

7.10. Ch tiu 40: Gia sc, gia cm c c cch ly khi khu vc s ch
khng? (A 2 mc li nng v nghim trng)

(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP)
7.10.1. Yu cu: C bin php cch ly gia sc v vt nui vi khu s ch, ng
gi v bo qun.
7.10.2. Phng php: Tin hnh kim tra thc t
7.10.3. nh gi

Ph hp vi 7.10.1
nh gi t (Ac)

Khng ph hp vi 7.10.1
nh gi li nng (Ma) nu:

Cha c bin php cch ly trit gia sc, vt nui vi khu vc s ch,
bo qun, ng gi sn phm.

Khng ph hp vi 7.10.1
nh gi li nghim trng(Se) nu:
Gia sc v vt nui i vo khu vc s ch, ng gi v bo qun sn
phm .
7.11.  Ch tiu 41: c bin php ngn chn cc loi sinh vt ly nhim trong
v ngoi khu vc s ch, ng gi cha? (A 2 mc li nng v nghim
trng).

(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP)

111
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

7.9. Ch tiu 39: Nh xng, thit b, dng c c c thng xuyn v sinh
khng? (A 2 mc li nng v nghim trng).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; SOP; S ghi chp p
dng VietGAP)
7.9.1 Yu cu: C quy nh v v sinh nh xng, thit b, dng c ti khu vc
s ch.
7.9.2 Phng php: Xem xt h s ghi chp v kim tra thc t, phng vn
(nu cn thit) .
7.9.3 nh gi

Khng p dng, nh gi (N/A) nu c s khng thc hin s ch sn
phm.

Ph hp vi 7.9.1
nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 7.9.1
nh gi li nng(Ma) nu:
o C s, thit b, dng c khng c bo dng tt.

Khng ph hp vi 7.9.1
nh gi li nghim trng (Se) nu:
o C s, thit b, dng c khng c gi v sinh, khng sch s.

Phn 4

7.8.1. Yu cu: Khu vc s ch p ng yu cu tiu chun an ton c quy


nh trong VietGAP (mc7.8.2).
7.8.2. Phng php: Kim tra thc t.
7.8.3. nh gi

Khng p dng, nh gi (N/A) ch tiu ny nu c s khng c khu s
ch

Ph hp vi 7.8.1.
nh gi t (Ac)

Khng ph hp vi 7.8.1.
nh gia li nh (Mi) nu:
o Chp, thit b bo v bng n c bo dng khng ph hp,
cc b phn p ng yu cu nhng khng c bo dng tt.

Khng ph hp vi 7.8.1.
nh gi li nng (Ma) nu:
o Bng n khng c chp bo v hoc cc b phn c lp t
khng ph hp .

Phn 4

112
S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs

7.11.1. Yu cu: C bin php kim sot, ngn chn cc loi sinh vt gy hi
(chut, cn trng) xung quanh v bn trong khu vc s ch, ng gi,
bo qun.
7.11.2. Phng php: Tin hnh kim tra thc t v phng vn (nu cn).
7.11.3. nh gi

Khng p dng, nh gi (N/A) nu khng c khu s ch, khng thc
hin s ch

Ph hp vi 7.11.1
nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 7.11.1
nh gi li nng (Ma) nu:

Khng c bin php kim sot, ngn chn cc loi sinh vt ly nhim
trong v xung quanh khu vc s ch, ng gi.

Khng ph hp vi 7.11.1
nh gi li nghim trng (Se) nu:
C bng chng v s c mt cc loi sinh vt ly nhim trong khu vc
s ch, ng gi.
7.12. Ch tiu 42: ghi ch b, by phng tr dch hi v m bo khng
lm nhim sn phm cha? (B 2 mc li nh v nghim trng).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP)
7.12.1. Yu cu: Ghi ch, nh du ch t by b, v tr t m bo khng lm
nh hng n sn phm.
7.12.2. Phng php: Tin hnh kim tra thc t v phng vn (nu cn).
7.12.3. nh gi

Khng p dng, nh gi (N/A) nu khng c khu s ch, khng thc
hin s ch

Ph hp vi 7.12.1
nh gi t (Ac)

Khng ph hp vi 7.12.1
nh gi li nh (Mi) nu:
o By, b cha c nh du, ghi ch nhng c t v tr ph
hp.

Khng ph hp vi 7.12.1
nh gi li nghim trng(Se) nu:
o By, b c t ti cc v tr c nguy c gy nhim cho sn phm
v cc b mt tip xc vi sn phm.
7.13. Ch tiu 43: thit k v xy dng nh v sinh nhng v tr ph
hp v ban hnh ni quy v sinh c nhn cha? (B 2 mc li nng v
nghim trng).

(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP)
7.13.1. Yu cu: Cc thit b v sinh c thit k, lp t thch hp, d bo
dng, v sinh v kh trng. Phi c nh v sinh v c b tr m bo
thc hin v sinh c nhn, c ni quy v v sinh c nhn
7.13.2. Phng php: Kim tra thc t.
7.13.3. nh gi

Khng p dng, nh gi (N/A) nu khng c khu s ch, khng thc
hin s ch

Ph hp vi 7.13.1
nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi. 7.13.1
nh gi li nng(Ma) nu:
o Nh v sinh v cc thit b c lp t khng ph hp, kh bo
dng, khng gi v sinh tt.

Khng ph hp vi 7.13.1
nh gi li nghim trng (Se):
o Khng c nh v sinh hoc c nh v sinh nhng khng c trang b
cc ph kin v sinh, khng c ni quy v v sinh c nhn.

7.16. Ch tiu 46: Phng tin, dng c bo qun, vn chuyn sn phm c
bo m sch s, an ton v ph hp khng? (3 mc li nh (mi), nng
(Ma) v nghim trng (Se))
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; S ghi chp p dng
VietGAP)
7.16.1. Y
 u cu: Phng tin, dng c thu hoch, vn chuyn, bo qun bo
m sch s, c v sinh, bo dng thng xuyn.
7.16.2. P
 hng php: Xem xt thit b, dng c thu hoch, vn chuyn, bo
qun, phng vn (khi cn thit).
7.16.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 7.16.1
nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 7.16.1
nh gi li nh (Mi) nu:

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CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

7.15. Ch tiu 45: Cht lng nc s dng sau thu hoch c ng vi qui
nh khng? (A 2 mc li nng v nghim trng).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; SOP; Kt qu kim
nghim nc )
7.15.1. Yu cu: Nc s dng sau thu hoch t yu cu theo quy nh hin
hnh (QCVN 02:2009/BYT).
7.15.2. Phng php: Xem xt h s v kt qu kim nghim nc.
7.15.3. nh gi

Khng p dng, nh gi (N/A) ch tiu ny nu khng s dng nc
x l sau thu hoch hoc khng s ch sn phm.

Ph hp vi 7.15.1
nh gi (Ac)

Khng ph hp vi 7.15.1
nh gi nng(Ma) nu:

H thng cung cp nc qua xem xt ph hp vi quy nh nhng
cha c kt qu kim nghim nc.

Khng ph hp vi 7.15.1
nh gi nghim trng (Se) nu:
o S dng nc x l sau thu hoch, s ch sn phm.
Lu :Nu nghi ng, on s tin hnh ly mu kim nghim v kt qu
kim nghim s l cn c nh gi ch tiu ny.

Phn 4

7.14. Ch tiu 44: Cc loi ho cht, ch phm, mng sp s dng sau thu
hoch c c Nh nc cho php s dng khng? (A mt mc li
nghim trng).

(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP)
7.14.1. Y
 u cu: Ch c s dng ha cht, ch phm v mng sp c
c quan c thm quyn cho php s dng sau thu hoch.
7.14.2. P
 hng php: Xem xt h s ghi chp v mua bn ha cht, ch phm,
mng sp x l sn phm sau thu hoch, bo qun v phng vn (nu
cn thit).
7.14.3. nh gi

Khng p dng, nh gi (N/A) ch tiu ny nu khng s dng ha
cht, ch phm v mng sp c c quan c thm quyn cho
php s dng sau thu hoch.

Ph hp vi 7.14.1
nh gi t (Ac)

Khng ph hp vi 7.14.1
nh gi li nghim trng (Ma) nu:
o S dng ha cht, ch phm v mng sp cha c c quan c
thm quyn cho php s dng sau thu hoch.

Phn 4

114
S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs

o Phng tin, dng c c b mt kh lm v sinh



Khng ph hp vi 7.16.1
nh gi li nng (Ma) nu:
o Phng tin, dng c khng c v sinh, bo dng thng
xuyn v ph hp.

Khng ph hp vi 7.16.1
nh gi nghim trng (Se) nu:
- Phng tin, dng c tip xc trc tip vi sn phm khng chuyn
dng, khng hp v sinh v c lm bng vt liu c th gy c.
- Khng phn bit thng ng ho cht v cc cht thi vi thng
ng sn phm.
- Khng c ni ct gi ring bit cc thit b, thng cha rau, qu thu
hoch v vt liu ng gi.
8. QUN L V X L CHT THI
8.1. Ch tiu 47: Nc thi, rc thi c c thu gom v x l theo ng quy
nh gim thiu nguy c gy nhim bn n ngi lao ng v sn
phm khng? (A 2 mc li nng v nghim trng).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; S ghi chp p dng
VietGAP)
8.1.1 Yu cu: C bin php thu gom v x l nc thi, rc thi theo ng
quy nh gim thiu nguy c nhim sn phm.
8.1.2 Phng php: Tin hnh kim tra thc t thu gom, x l cht thi v
phng vn (nu cn thit)
Lu : Bao b cha ng ha cht khng xem xt, nh gi trong ch tiu
ny, m s c xem xt, nh gi trong cc ch tiu 27, 28 v 29
8.1.3 nh gi

Ph hp vi 8.1.1
nh gi t(Ac)

Khng ph hp vi 8.1.1
nh gi li nng (Ma) nu:

o H thng thu gom v x l cht thi c nhng khng c duy tr tt
nhng cha gy nhim cho sn phm v ngi lao ng.

Khng ph hp vi 8.1.1
nh gi li nghim trng (Se) nu:

o Nc thi v cht thi gy nhim sn phm, ngun nc v t sn
xut.
9. NGI LAO NG
9.1. Ch tiu 48: Ngi lao ng lm vic trong vng sn xut c h s c
nhn khng? (C 1 mc li nh (Mi).
9.1.1 Yu cu: C h s c nhn ca ngi lao ng.
9.1.2 Phng php: Xem xt h s, ghi chp
9.1.3 nh gi

Ph hp vi 9.1.1
nh gi t (Ac)

Khng ph hp vi 9.1.1
nh gi li nh (Mi) nu:

o Khng c h s c nhn ca ngi lao ng
9.2. Ch tiu 49: Ngi lao ng c nm trong tui lao ng theo quy nh

9.6. Ch tiu 52: Ngi lao ng tham gia vn chuyn, bc d c c tp


hun thao tc thc hin nhim v khng? (C 1 mc li nh (Mi).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; S ghi chp p dng
VietGAP)
9.6.1 Yu cu: Ngi lao ng c tp hun thao tc vn chuyn, bc d.
9.6.2 Phng php: Xem xt h s o to, chng ch/chng nhn o to,
xem xt thc t v phng vn (khi cn thit).

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CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

9.3. Ch tiu 50: Ngi lao ng c tp hun v vn hnh my mc,


s dng ho cht, an ton lao ng v trang b y bo h lao ng
cha? (B 2 mc li nng v nghim trng).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; S ghi chp p dng
VietGAP)
9.3.1 Yu cu: Ngi lao ng c tp hun v vn hnh my mc, s dng
ho cht, an ton lao ng v trang b bo h lao ng.
9.3.2 Phng php: Xem xt h s o to, chng ch/chng nhn o to,
xem xt thc t v phng vn (khi cn thit).
9.3.3 nh gi

Ph hp vi 9.3.1
nh gi t (Ac)

Khng ph hp vi 9.3.1
nh gi li nng(Ma) nu:
o Ngi lao ng khng c tp hun y v v sinh c nhn,
hoc vn hnh my mc thit b hoc khng c trang b bo h
lao ng y .

Khng ph hp vi 9.3.1
nh gi li nghim trng (Se) nu:
o Lao ng khng c tp hun v an ton lao ng v phng
php an ton trong pha, s dng, bo qun ha cht.

9.5. Ch tiu 51: Ngi lao ng c c cung cp iu kin lm vic v sinh
hot theo VietGAP khng? (B 2 mc li nng (Ma) v nghim trng (Se).

(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP)
9.5.1 Yu cu: iu kin lm vic, sinh hot ph hp.
9.5.2 Phng php: Xem xt ni lm vic, sinh hot ca ngi lao ng trong
khu vc sn xut v phng vn (khi cn thit).
9.5.3 nh gi

Ph hp vi 9.5.1
nh gi t (Ac)

Khng ph hp vi 9.5.1
nh gi li nng (Ma) nu:

o iu kin nh khng t yu cu.

Khng ph hp vi 9.5.1
nh gi li nghim trng (Se) nu:

o Mi trng lm vic ca ngi lao ng khng p ng yu cu.

Phn 4

ca php lut khng (B- mt mc li nghim trng Se).



Tham chiu: S tay phn3, mc 9.3
9.2.1 Yu cu: Ngi lao ng k hp ng lao ng vi c s phi nm trong
tui lao ng do Lut quy nh.
9.2.2 Phng php: Xem xt h s ghi chp v phng vn (nu cn thit)
9.2.3 nh gi

Ph hp vi 9.2.1
nh gi t(Ac)

Khng ph hp vi 9.2.1
nh gi li nghim trng (Se) nu:

o Lao ng k hp ng vi c s c tui di 15.

Phn 4

116
S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs

9.6.3 nh gi

Ph hp vi 9.6.1
nh gi t (Ac)

Khng ph hp vi 9.6.1
nh gi li nh (Mi) nu
o Khng c quy inh hoc tp hun khng y cho ngi lao ng
v thao tc bc d
9.7. Ch tiu 53: trang b y thuc, dng c y t v bng hng dn
s cu khi b ng c ho cht cha? (B 1 mc li nng (Ma) .

(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP)
9.7.1 Yu cu: C trang b thuc, dng c y t v ti liu hng dn s cu
ng c ho cht.
9.7.2 Phng php: Kim tra thc t
9.7.3 nh gi

Ph hp vi 9.7.1
nh gi t (Ac).
o Khng ph hp vi 9.7.1 nh gi li nng (Ma)
9.8. Ch tiu 54: c bin cnh bo vng sn xut rau, qu va mi c
phun thuc cha? (A 1 mc li nng).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; S ghi chp p dng
VietGAP)
9.8.1 Yu cu: C bin cnh bo khu vc sn xut mi c phun thuc bo
v thc vt
9.8.2 Phng php: Xem xt khu vc trng trt v h s ghi chp vic s
dng ho cht, thuc BVTV v phng vn (khi cn thit).
9.8.3 nh gi

Ph hp vi 9.8.1
nh gi t (Ac)

Khng ph hp vi 9.8.1
nh gi li nng (Ma) nu:

o Khng c bin cnh bo hoc c bin cnh bo nhng du hiu cnh
bo khng r
9.9. Ch tiu 55: C nh v sinh cho ngi lao ng khu vc sn xut
khng? (C- 01 li nh Mi)
9.9.1 Yu cu: Nn c nh v sinh hp v sinh v cht thi t nh v sinh phi
c x l.
9.9.2 Phng php: Kim tra thc t
9.9.3 nh gi:

Ph hp vi 9.9.1
nh gi t (Ac)

Khng ph hp vi 9.9.1 nh gi li nh (Mi) nu nh v sinh
cha iu kin v sinh v cht thi
t nh v sinh cha c x l.
10. GHI CHP, LU TR H S, TRUY NGUYN NGUN GC V THU HI
SN PHM
10. Ch tiu 56: ghi chp y nht k sn xut, s ch cha? (A 2
li nng (Ma) v nghim trng (Se).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; S ghi chp p dng
VietGAP)
10.1 Yu cu: Phi ghi chp nht k v qu trnh sn xut: vng sn xut, t,

10.5. Ch tiu 60: Sn phm VietGAP c nhn mc khng? (A-02 li nng Ma
v nghim trng Se).

(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP)

117
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

10.4. Ch tiu 59: C h s nh gi ni b khng? (A-2 li nng Ma v nghim


trng Se)
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; H s nh gi ni b)
10.4.1. Y
 u cu: Nh sn xut phi t nh gi hoc thu chuyn gia nh gi
ni b v vic tun th VietGAP. Nu c ch tiu cha t yu cu th phi
c bin php khc phc v phi c lu trong h s.
10.4.2. Phng php: Xem xt h s ghi chp
10.4.3. nh gi

Ph hp vi 10.4.1
nh gi t (Ac)

Khng ph hp vi 10.4.1
nh gi li nng(Ma) nu:

o thc hin nh gi ni b nhng cha hon chnh

Khng ph hp vi 10.4.1
nh gi li nghim trng (Se) nu:

o Khng thc hin nh gi ni b v khng ghi chp h s.

Phn 4

ging, phn bn, nc ti, thuc bo v thc vt; v nguyn s ch:


tn sn phm, m s l, khi lng, ngun gc, xut x
10.2 Phng php: Xem xt h s sn xut, s ch v phng vn (khi cn
thit).
10.3 nh gi

Ph hp vi 10.1
nh gi t (Ac)

Khng ph hp vi 10.1
nh gi li nng (Ma) nu:

o C h s ghi chp nhng khng y .

Khng ph hp vi 10.1
nh gi li nghim trng (Se) nu:

Khng c h s ghi chp v sn xut, s ch sn phm.

10.2. Ch tiu 57: H s lu tr c ng quy nh khng ? (A 01 li nng Ma).

(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP)
10.2.1.Yu cu: H s phi c thit lp cho tng khu ca thc hnh VietGAP thun tin cho kim tra, nh gi.
10.2.2. Phng php: Kim tra h s ghi chp
10.2.3. nh gi

Ph hp vi 10.2.1
nh gi t (Ac)

Khng ph hp vi 10.2.2 nh li nng (Ma) khi h s thit lp
thiu cc khu ca thc hnh VietGAP,
gy kh khn trong kim tra, truy xut.
10.3. Ch tiu 58: H s c c lu tr ng thi gian quy nh khng? (A
01 li nng Ma).

(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP)
10.3.1. Y
 u cu: H s phi c nh sn xut lu tr t nht hai nm hoc lu
hn nu c yu cu ca khch hng hoc c quan qun l.
10.3.2. Phng php: Kim tra h s ghi chp v phng vn (nu cn thit).
10.3.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 10.3.1
nh gi t (Ac)

Khng ph hp vi 10.3.2 nh li nng (Ma) khi c s khng
thc hin lu tr h s ng thi gian
quy nh.

Phn 4

118
S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs

10.5.1. Yu cu: Bao b cha sn phm khi xut hng phi c nhn mc gip
vic truy nguyn ngun gc c d dng.
10.5.2. Phng php: Kim tra thc t
10.5.3. nh gi

Ph hp vi 10.5.1
nh gi t (Ac)

Khng ph hp vi 10.5.1
nh gi li nng(Ma) nu:
o C thng tin trn nhn nhng kh c hoc thng tin cha y .

Khng ph hp vi 10.5.1
nh gi li nghim trng (Se) nu:
o Khng dn nhn hoc khng c thng tin nh km.
10.6.  Ch tiu 61: C h s cho tng l sn phm khi xut hng khng? (A 02
mc li nng Ma v nghim trng Se)

(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP)
10.6.1. Y
 u cu: Khi xut hng, phi ghi chp r thi gian xut, khi lng, a
ch ni xut, ni nhn v lu gi h s cho tng l sn phm.
10.6.2. P
 hng php: Kim tra h s bn sn phm, phng vn (nu cn
thit)
10.6.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 10.6.1
nh gi t (Ac)

Khng ph hp vi 10.6.1
nh gi li nng(Ma) nu:
o C h s ghi chp nhng cha y .

Khng ph hp vi 10.6.1
nh gi li nghim trng (Se) nu:
o Khng c h s ghi chp v bn sn phm
10.7. Ch tiu 62: Khi pht hin sn phm b nhim hoc c nguy c nhim,
cch ly v ngng phn phi; ng thi thng bo cho ngi tiu dng
cha? (A 2 mc li nng (Ma) v nghim trng (Se).

(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP)
10.6.1. Y
 u cu: C bin php cch ly sn phm b nhim hoc sn phm nghi
ng b nhim, xc nh nguyn nhn nhim v thng bo cho ngi
tiu dng v sn phm nhim, tin hnh cc bin php khc phc
nguyn nhn gy nhim.
10.6.2. P
 hng php: Xem xt h s v cc bin php khc phc, ngn chn
sn phm b nhim
10.6.3. nh gi

Khng p dng v nh gi (N/A) ch tiu ny nu c s cha c sn
phm b nhim hay nghi ngi b nhim.

Ph hp vi 10.6.1
nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 10.6.1
nh gi li nng (Ma) nu:
o C bin php cch ly sn phm b nhim nhng bin php ny
cha hiu qu v ngi mua sn phm c th khng c thng
bo y .
o Khng tin hnh xc nh nguyn nhn gy nhim sn phm.

Khng ph hp vi 10.6.1
nh gi li nghim trng (Se) nu:
o Khng thc hin bt c hnh ng g khi bit sn phm b nhim
hoc nghi ng b nhim.

11.3. Ch tiu 65: k vo bng kim tra nh gi/kim tra ni b cha? (B1 mc li nghim trng (Se).
11.3.1 Yu cu: Bng kim tra nh gi/kim tra ni b c k bi ngi c
thm quyn
11.3.2 Phng php: Xem xt h s
11.3.3 nh gi

Ph hp vi 11.3.1
nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 11.3.1
nh gi li nghim trng (Se)nu:
o Nu bang kim tra ni b cha c ngi c thm quyn k
11.4. Ch tiu 66: tng kt v bo co kt qu kim tra cho c quan qun
l cht lng khi c yu cu cha? (B- 2 mc li nng (Ma) v nghim
trng (Se).
11.4.1 Yu cu: Tng kt v bo co kt qu kim tra cho c quan qun l cht
lng khi c yu cu.
11.4.2 Phng php: Xem h s
11.4.3 nh gi

Ch tiu ny s khng nh gi (N/A)khi khng c yu cu ca c quan
qun l

Ph hp vi10.4.1
nh gi t (Ac)

Khng ph hp vi10.4.1
nh gi li nng (Ma) nu:
o Bo co kt qu khng y .

Khng ph hp vi10.4.1
nh gi li nghim trng (Se) nu:
o Khng np bo co

119
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

11.2. Ch tiu 64: C phi thu kim tra vin kim tra ni b khng? (C- 1 mc
li nh(Mi).

(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP)
11.2.1. Yu cu: C kim tra vin hoc thu kim tra vin ni b trnh
kim tra
11.2.2. Phng php: Xem h s
11.2.3. nh gi

Ph hp vi 11.2.1
nh gi t (Ac)

Khng ph hp vi11.2.1
nh gi li nng (Mi) nu:
o H s ghi chp cho thy vic kim tra ni b c thc hin bi
ngi cha trnh theo quy nh.

Phn 4

11. KIM TRA NI B



11. Ch tiu 63: tin hnh kim tra ni b t nht mi nm mt ln cha?
(A 2 mc li nng (Ma) v nghim trng(Se).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; H s nh gi ni b)
11.1.1. Yu cu: Thc hin nh gi ni b t nht 1 nm mt ln..
11.1.2. Phng php: Xem xt h s ghi chp v nh gi ni b
11.1.3. nh gi

Ph hp vi 11.1.1
nh gi t (Ac)

Khng ph hp vi 11.1.1
nh gi li nng (Se) nu:
o Thc hin kim tra ni b cha y ni dung yu cu hoc kt
qu kim tra cha phn nh ng thc trng sn xut ca c s.

Khng ph hp vi11.1.1
nh gi li nghim trng(Se) nu:
o Khng tin hnh thc hin nh gi ni b.

Phn 4

120

12. KHIU NI V GII QUYT KHIU NI

S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs

12.1. Ch tiu 67: T chc v c nhn sn xut c sn mu n khiu ni


khi khch hng c yu cu cha? (B- 1 mc li nng (Ma).

(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP)
12.1.1 Yu cu: C mu n khiu ni khi khch hng c yu cu.
12.1.2 Phng php: Xem xt h s
12.1.3 nh gi

Ph hp vi 12.1.1
nh gi t (Ac)

Khng ph hp vi 12.1.1 nh gi li nng (Ma) nu:

Khng c mu n khiu ni
12.2. Ch tiu 68: T chc v c nhn sn xut gii quyt n khiu ni
ng quy nh ca php lut cha? C lu trong h s khng? (B- 2 mc
li nng (Ma) v nghim trng (Se).

(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP)
12.2.1. Yu cu: C quy nh v thc hin gii quyt khiu ni ca khch hng
theo quy nh ca php lut
12.2.2. P
 hng php: Xem xt h s gii quyt kiu ni v phng vn (khi cn
thit).
12.2.3. nh gi

Ph hp vi 12.2.1
nh gi t (Ac)

Khng ph hp vi 12.2.1
nh gi li nng(Ma) nu:
 Khng thc hin y vic gii quyt
khiu ni ng theo quy nh hoc khng
c h s ghi chp khng y .

Khng ph hp vi 12.2.1
nh gi li nghim trng (Se) nu:
Khng c quy nh hoc khng thc
hin gii quyt khi c khiu ni.

2. Nhng ch tiu b nh li nh
nh gi t nhng nhc nh khc phc trong thi hn nht nh.
3. Nhng ch tiu b nh li nng v nghim trng
nh gi khng t.
4. Kt qu c tng hp v tnh nh sau (theo Ph lc IXB, TT48/2012/
TT-BNNPTNT)
- Nh sn xut t iu kin cp giy chng nhn VietGAP khi t 100% ch
tiu mc A v ti thiu 90% ch tiu mc B.
- C s sn xut nhiu thnh vin c cp Giy chng nhn VietGAP khi
100% s c s thnh vin i din c la chn nh gi u t yu
cu theo VietGAP.

121
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

1. Lu
- Khi nh gi ni b, cc ch tiu trong mc 1 v 11 s khng p dng v c
xem nh t trong bng tng hp chung.
- Cc ch tiu khng p dng, khng nh gi (N/A) c xem l t trong bng
tng hp chung.

Phn 4

III. HNG DN X L KT QU NH GI

BIN BN KIM TRA, NH GI


THC HNH SN XUT TT (GMPs) C S S CH, NG GI
RAU, QU TI

....................

CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM


c lp - T do - Hnh phc

2)..............................................................................................................................................................

3)..............................................................................................................................................................

1)..............................................................................................................................................................

2)..............................................................................................................................................................

9. i din c s:

8. Thnh phn on kim tra: 1)..............................................................................................................................................................

7. Hnh thc kim tra:..................................................................................................................................................................................

6. Ngy kim tra:.........................................................................................................................................................................................

5. Loi rau, qu:..........................................................................................................................................................................................

4. M s (nu c):.......................................................................................................................................................................................

3. S in thoi:..............................................................................................S Fax:................................................................................

2. a ch:....................................................................................................................................................................................................

1. Tn c s:...............................................................................................................................................................................................

I. THNG TIN CHUNG

(TN C S)

S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs

Mc III

Phn 4

122

[ ]
[ ]
[ ]

Trn/ mi v cc gi treo c lp t hn ch tch t, ri vi bi


bn, mng bm?

Ca s, ca lm bng vt liu khng thm nc, khng c, thit


k m bo d v sinh, hn ch tch t bi bn?

Ca ra vo lm bng vt liu khng thm nc, khng c, thit k


b mt nhn, phng, d lm v sinh, kh trng?

nh sng c thch hp cho vic s ch, ng gi sn phm?

Bng n ti khu vc s ch, ng gi c lp t chp bo v?

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

Sn nhn phng, lm bng vt liu khng thm nc, thot nc


tt, d v sinh v c bo tr tt?

4. Chiu sng

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

t
(Ac)

B mt tng, vch ngn c nhn phng, lm bng vt liu


khng c, khng thm nc, d v sinh v c bo tr tt?

3. Kt cu v lp t

Thit k, b tr nh xng c thun li cho s ch, ng gi, bo


qun v hn ch c nguy c nhim cho sn phm?

2. Thit k v xy dng

Khu vc s ch c b nh hng t cc ngun nhim hay c


nguy c b ngp lt?

1. a im

Ch tiu nh gi

TT

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

Nh
(Min)

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

Nng
(Ma)

Sai li

[ ]

Khng
p dng
Nghim
(N/A)
trng (Se)

Kt qu nh gi sai

Din gii sai


li v thi
hn khc
phc

CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

II. CH TIU NH GI

Phn 4

123

[ ]

C bin php phn bit thit b, dng c ti cc cng on sn xut


khc nhau?

11

C k hoch v thc hin kim sot cht lng nc, nc ?

13

14

[ ]

C trang b thit b, dng c v sinh tay ngi lao ng nhng v


tr cn thit v c ni thay bo h lao ng cha?

16

[ ]
[ ]

Thc hin v sinh v gim st v sinh nh xng, trang thit b,


dng c v vt liu bao gi c ng cch khng?

Ha cht ty ra, kh trng c c php s dng v c bo


qun, s dng ng cch khng?

17

18

8. V sinh nh xng, dng c, thit b, vt liu bao gi

[ ]

Nh v sinh c b tr cch ly vi khu vc s ch v c bo tr


tt khng?

15

[ ]

[ ]

C h thng d tr, phn phi nc, nc m bo ATVS v


lng s dng?

7. Thit b v sinh c nhn

[ ]

Nc v nc t tiu chun theo cc quy nh hin hnh?

12

6. Nc v nc

[ ]

t
(Ac)

Cc b mt tip xc trc tip vi sn phm c ch to t vt liu


khng thm nc, khng gy c cho thc phm, d bo dng,
v sinh v kh trng?

5. Thit b, dng c sn xut

Ch tiu nh gi

10

TT

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

Nh
(Min)

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

Nng
(Ma)

Sai li

[ ]

[ ]

Nghim
trng (Se)

Khng
p dng
(N/A)

S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs

Kt qu nh gi sai

Din gii
sai li v
thi hn
khc phc

Phn 4

124

Nguyn liu nhp vo c m bo cht lng?

20

27

Gia sc, gia cm c c cch ly khi khu vc s ch, ng gi


sn phm?

11. Qun l sinh vt hi

Vn chuyn sn phm c bo m v sinh khng?

10. Vn chuyn:

Bao b sn phm c ghi nhn theo quy nh?

25

26

Bao b, vt liu ng gi c lm t vt liu khng c v ph hp


vi vic ng gi sn phm?

9.4. Ghi nhn

S dng phng php x l, cc loi ho cht, ch phm, mng


sp cho sn phm c ph hp khng?

24

23

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

Sn phm khi s ch, ng gi c c ring theo tng cng


on, trnh nguy c nhim cho ln sn phm?

22

9.3. X l sau thu hoch

[ ]

Sn phm c s ch, ng gi ti v tr cch ly vi nn/ sn hay


b mt khng sch?

[ ]

[ ]

t
(Ac)

21

9.2. S ch, ng gi sn phm

C s s ch c tha thun hay hp ng mua nguyn liu t c


s sn xut rau, qu?

19

9.1. Qun l nguyn liu

9. Qun l sn phm

Ch tiu nh gi

[ ]

[ ]

Nh
(Min)

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

Nng
(Ma)

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

Nghim
trng (Se)

Khng
p dng
(N/A)

CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

TT

Sai li

Kt qu nh gi sai

Din gii
sai li v
thi hn
khc phc

Phn 4

125

[ ]
35

Ngi lao ng c c trang b bo h lao ng?

Ngi lao ng c c kim tra sc khe nh k khng?

C y h s ghi chp theo di vic nhp nguyn liu, xut x,


qu trnh s ch, ng gi, xut bn sn phm?

Tng hp

32

33

35

[ ]
[ ]

Ngi lao ng c tp hun v an ton thc phm v thc


hnh v sinh c nhn?

31

[ ]

[ ]

C h thng thot nc thi, khng gy nhim mi trng xung


quanh?

30

13. o to v thc hin v sinh c nhn

[ ]

[ ]

t
(Ac)

Cht thi c c thu gom, x l gim thiu nguy c gy nhim


bn sn phm khng?

12. Qun l cht thi

C bin php ngn chn, tiu dit sinh vt gy hi trong v ngoi


khu vc s ch, ng gi sn phm?

Ch tiu nh gi

29

28

TT

23

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

Nh
(Min)

29

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

Nng
(Ma)

Sai li

Nghim
trng (Se)

Khng
p dng
(N/A)

S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs

Kt qu nh gi sai

Din gii
sai li v
thi hn
khc phc

Phn 4

126

....................., ngy
thng
nm
TRNG ON KIM TRA
(K tn, ng du)

CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

....................., ngy
thng
nm
I DIN C S C KIM TRA
(K tn)

V. KIN CA I DIN C S S CH, NG GI:........................................................................................................................


.........................................................................................................................................................................................................

IV. KT LUN CA ON KIM TRA:....................................................................................................................................................


.........................................................................................................................................................................................................

III. NHN XT V KIN NGH CA ON KIM TRA: . ........................................................................................................................


.........................................................................................................................................................................................................

Phn 4

127

Phn 4

Mc IV

128
S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs

HNG DN KIM TRA, NH GI THC HNH SN


XUT TT GMPs CHO C S S CH NG GI RAU,
QU TI
I. NH NGHA
1. t (Ac):

L p ng hon ton quy nh

2. Li nghim trng (Se): L sai lch so vi quy nh, gy mt an ton thc
phm, nh hng ti sc kho ngi tiu dng.
3. Li nng (Ma): L sai lch so vi quy nh, c th nh hng n
an ton thc phm, nhng cha ti mc nghim
trng.
4. Li nh (Mi): L sai lch so vi quy nh gy tr ngi cho vic
kim sot v sinh nhng cha n mc nng.
II. S DNG BIU MU KIM TRA
1- Khng b sung hoc b bt ni dung, mc nh gi c quy nh trong
mi ch tiu.
2- Vi mi ch tiu, ch xc nh mc nh gi ti cc ct c k hiu [ ], khng
c xc nh mc nh gi vo ct khng c k hiu [ ].
3- Dng k hiu hoc x nh du vo cc v tr mc nh gi c xc nh
i vi mi ch tiu hoc nh vo ct khng p dng (N/A) (mi ch tiu ch
xc nh 1 mc li).
4- Mi mt ch tiu ch nh vo mt t (AC) hoc sai li tng ng (Mi, Ma,
Se) hoc khng p dng (N/A)
5- Din gii chi tit li hoc l do khng p dng (N/A) v thi hn c s phi
khc phc sai li.
III. HNG DN PHNG PHP KIM TRA, NH GI
1. a im
1.1. Ch tiu 1: Khu vc s ch c b nh hng t cc ngun nhim hay
c nguy c b ngp lt? (1 mc li Ma).
1.1.1. Yu cu: V tr xy dng Khng b nh hng khi, bi, mi, nc thi,
cht thi t cc khu vc cha cht thi, c s chn nui, khu cng nghip,
l m...; khng b ngp nc; cch xa ngun cht thi (lng, rn) khng
th loi b; Khng c nguy c xm nhim sinh vt gy hi (tham chiu
theo 15/2012/TT-BYT: iu 1, Chng 1; VietGAP: 1.1; 5.4 v GMP:
5.1).

Phng php: Xem xt thc t v phng vn khi cn thit.


nh gi:
Ph hp vi 1.1.1 nh gi t (Ac).
Khng ph hp vi 1.1.1 nh gi li nng (Ma).

1.2. Ch tiu 2: Thit k, b tr nh xng c thun li cho s ch, ng gi,


bo qun v hn ch c nguy c nhim cho sn phm khng? (2
mc li Ma, Se).
1.2.1. Yu cu: (1) Thit k theo quy tc sn phm lu thng mt chiu t
nguyn liu u vo cho n thnh phm cui cng; (2) Khu vc s ch,
ng gi, bo qun phi cch ly vi cc khu vc khc (khu hnh chnh,
nh , ni thay BHL, nh v sinh, ni chn nui, ni cha xng du,
ho cht, phn bn, ); (3) Thng gi t khu c mc v sinh cao hn
sang khu thp hn (V d t ng gi -> x l -> tip nhn). Trng hp
ly gi t ngoi vo phi ly t ngun khng kh khng b bi, mi hi;
(4) Nc thi trong khu vc sn xut: thot nc ring tng phng, hoc
rnh thot nc c chy qua cc phng trong phn xng th phi chy
t khu c mc v sinh cao hn sang khu thp hn (V d t ng gi
-> x l -> tip nhn) (5) ng i ca cng nhn khng gy nhim sn
phm - (tham chiu theo 15/2012/TT-BYT: iu 2, Chng 1; VietGAP:
7.2.1; 7.2.2; 7.4.1 v GMP 5.2; 5.3).
1.2.2. Phng php: Xem xt thc t v phng vn khi cn thit.
1.2.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 1.2.1 nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 1.2.1 nh gi:

o Li nng (Ma): khi c 1 trong s cc yu cu (1), (3), (4), (5) khng t
yu cu.

o Li nghim trng (Se): khi yu cu (2) khng t hoc c nhiu hn 1
trong s cc yu cu (1), (3), (4), (5) khng t.
3. Kt cu v lp t
1.3. Ch tiu 3: B mt tng, vch ngn c nhn phng, lm bng vt liu
khng thm nc, d v sinh v c bo tr tt? (1 mc li Mi).
1.3.1. Yu cu: Lm bng vt liu khng thm nc (thng dng nha, tn,
tng xy p gch men hay sn nc, ); Kt cu nhn, phng (hn
ch g, b, khe rnh), c mu sng khng b bm bi v d v sinh;
Bo tr tt: khng b nt, v gch men, bong trc, thm nc hoc b
mc (tham chiu theo 15/2012/TT-BYT: iu 3, Chng 1; VietGAP:
7.2.1; 7.2.4 v GMP 5.3).
1.3.2. Phng php: Xem xt thc t.
1.3.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 1.3.1 nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 1.3.1 nh gi li nh (Mi).

129
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

2. Thit k v xy dng

Phn 4

1.1.2.
1.1.3.

Phn 4

130
S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs

1.4. Ch tiu 4: Sn nhn phng, lm bng vt liu khng thm nc, thot
nc tt, d v sinh v c bo tr tt? (1 mc li Mi).
1.4.1. Yu cu: Lm bng vt liu khng thm nc (thng dng gch men,
mi, i vi khu vc khng c nc c th trng xi mng hay lt
gch th); Khng b ng nc; Kt cu nhn, phng, khng trn trt,
ni tip gip vi tng nn c cong d v sinh, mu sng; Bo tr
tt: khng b nt, v, bong trc (tham chiu theo 15/2012/TT-BYT: iu
3, Chng 1; VietGAP: 7.2.1; 7.2.4 v GMP 5.3).
1.4.2. Phng php: Xem xt thc t.
1.4.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 1.4.1 nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 1.4.1 nh gi li nh (Mi).
1.5. Ch tiu 5: Trn/ mi v cc gi treo c lp t hn ch tch t, ri vi
bi bn, mng bm? (1 mc li Mi).
1.5.1. Yu cu: Lm bng vt liu khng thm nc (thng dng nha, tn, );
Kn, khng b dt; kt cu hn ch khe rnh d v sinh, mu sng;
Bo tr tt khng b r st, (tham chiu theo 15/2012/TT-BYT: iu 3,
Chng 1; VietGAP: 7.2.1; 7.2.4 v GMP 5.3).
1.5.2. Phng php: Xem xt thc t.
1.5.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 1.5.1 nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 1.5.1 nh gi li nh (Mi).
1.6. Ch tiu 6: Ca s, ca lm bng vt liu khng thm nc, thit k
m bo d v sinh, hn ch tch t bi bn? (1 mc li Mi).
1.6.1. Yu cu: Lm bng vt liu khng thm nc (thng dng nha, tolet); Kt cu b ca nn c nghing hn ch tch t bi v hn
ch khe rnh d v sinh; Bo tr tt khng b r st, (tham chiu theo
15/2012/TT-BYT: iu 3, Chng 1; VietGAP: 7.2.1; 7.2.4 v GMP 5.3).
1.6.2. Phng php: Xem xt thc t.
1.6.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 1.6.1 nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 1.6.1 nh gi li nh (Mi).
1.7. Ch tiu 7: Ca ra vo lm bng vt liu khng thm nc, thit k b
mt nhn, phng, d lm v sinh, kh trng? (1 mc li Mi).
1.7.1. Yu cu: Lm bng vt liu khng thm nc, khng c (thng dng
nha, tn, nhm, knh); Kt cu hn ch khe rnh d v sinh, nn
thit k t ng ng; Bo tr tt khng b r st, (tham chiu theo
15/2012/TT-BYT: iu 3, Chng 1; VietGAP: 7.2.1; 7.2.4 v GMP 5.3).
1.7.2. Phng php: Xem xt thc t.
1.7.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 1.7.1 nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 1.7.1 nh gi li nh (Mi).

1.9. Ch tiu 9: Bng n ti khu vc s ch, ng gi c lp t chp bo


v? (2 mc li Mi, Ma).
1.9.1. Yu cu: (1) Cc bng n chiu sng trong khu vc s ch, ng gi
phi c lp chng v; (2) Chp n trong tnh trng bo tr tt (tham chiu
theo VietGAP: 7.2.4 v GMP 5.5).
1.9.2. Phng php: Xem xt thc t.
1.9.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 1.9.1 nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 1.9.1 nh gi:
o Li nh (Mi): khi yu cu (2) khng t.
o Li nng (Ma): khi yu cu (1) khng t.
5. Thit b, dng c sn xut
1.10. Ch tiu 10: Cc b mt tip xc trc tip vi sn phm c ch to t
vt liu khng thm nc, khng gy c cho thc phm, d bo dng,
v sinh v kh trng? (2 mc li Ma, Se).
1.10.1. Yu cu: (1) Cc b mt tip xc trc tip vi sn phm lm t vt liu
khng thm nc (thng thng bng nha, mi, gch men, Inox, ...);
Thit k chc chn, d tho ri bo dng, nhn, phng d v sinh
v kh trng; Trong tnh trng bo tr, bo dng tt; (2) Khng gy c,
tuyt i khng s dng bao b cha ha cht, thuc BVTV, phn bn
cha sn phm; (tham chiu theo VietGAP: 7.1.2; 7.1.3 v GMP 5.3;
5.6).
1.10.2. Phng php: Xem xt thc t.
1.10.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 1.10.1 nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 1.10.1 nh gi:
o Li nng (Ma): khi yu cu (1) khng t.
o Li nghim trng (Se): khi yu cu (2) khng t.
1.11. Ch tiu 11: C bin php phn bit thit b, dng c ti cc cng on
sn xut khc nhau? (1 mc li Ma).
1.11.1. Yu cu: Phn bit r dng c, thit b cha ng sn phm tng
cng on thu hoch, tip nhn nguyn liu, s ch, ng gi; Phi c

131
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

1.8. Ch tiu 8: nh sng c thch hp cho vic s ch, ng gi sn phm?


(1 mc li Mi).
1.8.1. Yu cu: (1) nh sng (khng di 200 lux) t nhin hay nhn to
c th tin hnh thao tc c d dng; (2) S dng nh sng trng
(khng s dng nh sng mu lm thay i mu sc thc ca sn phm)
- (tham chiu theo VietGAP: 7.2.4 v GMP 5.5.
1.8.2. Phng php: Xem xt thc t (o bng lux k nu c).
1.8.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 1.8.1 nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 1.8.1 nh gi li nh (Mi).

Phn 4

4. Chiu sng

Phn 4

132
S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs

du hiu (mu sc, k hiu, ghi nhn,...) phn bit r rng vi dng c
cha ng khc c bit cc dng c thu gom ph liu-rc, thng cha
rc-ha cht-thuc BVTV-phn bn; S dng ng theo k hiu c
quy nh (tham chiu theo VietGAP: 7.1.4).
1.11.2. Phng php: Xem xt thc t.
1.11.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 1.11.1 nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 1.11.1 nh gi li nng (Ma).
6. Nc v nc
1.12. Ch tiu 12: Nc v nc t tiu chun theo cc quy nh hin
hnh? (2 mc li Ma, Se).
1.12.1. Yu cu: (1) Kt qu phn tch nh k nc v nc : t theo QCVN
01:2009/BYT; (2) Phn tch ti PKN c cng nhn (tham chiu theo
VietGAP: 5; 7.6.2; GMP 5.8; SOP-Nc dng trong s ch rau qu
ti).

Lu :

- Trong trng hp cha c bt k kt qu phn tch nc v nc
no th nh gi khng t.

- Nu c s khng s dng nc th khng nh gi phn nc .
1.12.2. Phng php: Kim tra kt qu phn tch nh k cht lng nc v
nc .
1.12.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 1.12.1 nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 1.12.1 nh gi:
o Li nng (Ma): khi yu cu (2) khng t.
o Li nghim trng (Se): khi yu cu (1) khng t.
1.13. Ch tiu 13: C h thng d tr, phn phi nc, nc m bo
ATVS v lng s dng? (2 mc li Mi, Ma).
1.13.1. Yu cu: (1) H thng nc (bao gm ging/ngun thy cc, cc b
cha, bm, h thng phn phi) c v sinh sch s, bo tr tt. Nu
c s dng nc th ni bo qun phi sch s ; (2) Cc u vi nc
khng c nhng ngp trong nc hay trn sn; (3) Np y cc b
nc phi kn. C nc sch s dng. (tham chiu theo VietGAP:
5; 7.6.2; GMP 5.8; SOP - Nc dng trong s ch rau qu ti).
1.13.2. Phng php: Xem xt thc t.
1.13.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 1.13.1 nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 1.13.1 nh gi:
o Li nh (Mi): khi c 1 trong cc yu cu (1), (2) khng t.
o Li nng (Ma): khi yu cu (3) khng t, hoc c 2 yu cu (1) v
(2) khng t.
1.14. Ch tiu 14: C k hoch v thc hin kim sot cht lng nc, nc
? (2 mc li Mi, Ma).
1.14.1. Yu cu: (1) Trong trng hp x l nc bng ha cht phi tin hnh

1.15. Ch tiu 15: Nh v sinh c c b tr cch ly vi khu vc s ch v


nh k c bo tr tt khng? (2 mc li Mi, Ma).
1.15.1. Yu cu: (1) C nh v sinh t hoi; (2) Khng m ca trc tip vo khu
sn xut; (3) C giy v sinh chuyn dng; (4) C thng rc kn; (5) Nh
v sinh sch s v trong tnh trng bo tr tt (tham chiu theo VietGAP:
7.5.3; 7.5.4; GMP 5.7; 5.10).
1.15.2. Phng php: Xem xt thc t
1.15.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 1.15.1 nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 1.15.1 nh gi:

o Li nh (Mi): khi c 1 trong cc yu cu (3), (4), (5) khng t.

o Li nng (Ma): khi yu cu (1) hoc (2) khng t, hoc c nhiu hn 1
trong s cc yu cu (3), (4), (5) khng t.
1.16. Ch tiu 16: C trang b thit b, dng c v sinh tay ngi lao ng
nhng v tr cn thit v c ni thay bo h lao ng cha? (2 mc li Mi,
Ma).
1.16.1. Yu cu: (1) C vi nc ra v x phng ra tay, khn lau tay trong nh
v sinh v c vi nc ra v x phng ra tay, khn lau tay trc khi
sn xut hay khi cn thit; (2) C ni thay BHL cho ngi lao ng; (3)
Trang b thit b, dng c v sinh sch s v trong tnh trng bo tr tt.
(tham chiu theo VietGAP: 7.5.3; GMP 5.7; 5.10).
1.16.2. Phng php: Xem xt thc t
1.16.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 1.16.1 nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 1.16.1 nh gi:
o Li nh (Mi): khi yu cu (3) khng t.
o Li nng (Ma): khi yu cu (1) hoc (2) khng t.

133
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

7. Thit b v sinh c nhn

Phn 4

kim tra nng ha cht x l, ghi chp y cc thng tin (ngy, thi
gian kim tra, hm lng hay nng cht x l nc, tn ngi thc
hin, bin php khc phc nu c vi phm); (2) C k hoch v thc
hin theo k hoch: Ngun nc sn xut t nc ging, nc mt ly
mu kim tra t nht 2 ln/ nm vo ma kh v ma ma; Ngun nc
sn xut t nc thy cc ly mu kim tra t nht 1 ln/nm; Nc
(nu c) ly mu kim tra t nht nm/ln (tham chiu theo: Quy chun
k thut quc gia v cht lng nc n ung ban hnh km theo thng
t 04/2009/TT BYT ngy 17/6/2009 ca B trng B Y t; SOP-Nc
dng trong s ch rau qu ti).
1.14.2. Phng php: Xem xt k hoch v kt qu thc hin
1.14.3. nh gi:
Ph hp vi 1.14.1 nh gi t (Ac).
Khng ph hp vi 1.14.1 nh gi:

o Li nh (Mi): khi yu cu (1) khng t.

o Li nng (Ma): khi yu cu (2) khng t.

Phn 4

134

8. V sinh nh xng, dng c, thit b, vt liu bao gi


1.17. Ch tiu 17: Thc hin v sinh v gim st v sinh nh xng, trang thit
b, dng c v vt liu bao gi c ng cch khng? (2 mc li Mi, Ma).

S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs

1.17.1. Yu cu: (1) Ngi lm v sinh lun tun th ng cc bc quy nh


trong SOP v sinh nh xng, dng c, thit b; (2) Nh xng, trang
thit b, dng c, phng tin vn chuyn v vt liu bao gi trong tnh
trng v sinh sch s; (3) Ghi chp v lu gi y vic v sinh theo
biu mu quy nh trong SOP v sinh nh xng, dng c, thit b (tham
chiu theo VietGAP: 7.5.3; 7.1.3; 7.1.5; 7.1.6; 7.3.2; 7.7.1; 7.1.3; 9.2.3;
GMP 5.9; 5.10; SOP v sinh nh xng, dng c, thit b.
1.17.2. Phng php: Xem xt thc t v h s gim st v sinh
1.17.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 1.17.1 nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 1.17.1 nh gi:
o Li nh (Mi): khi yu cu (3) c thc hin nhng khng .
o Li nng (Ma): khi yu cu (1) hoc (2) khng t, hoc khng ghi
chp, lu tr h s gim st v sinh nh xng, dng c, thit b.
1.18. Ch tiu 18: Ha cht ty ra, kh trng nh xng, trang thit b, dng
c c c php s dng v c bo qun, s dng ng cch khng?
(2 mc li Mi, Ma).
1.18.1. Yu cu: (1) R ngun gc, c php s dng; (2) c bo qun
ring ni kh ro, sch s; C y nhn (k c cc bnh/ti ha
cht l); (3) S dng ng hng dn ghi trong GMP, SOP hoc ghi trn
nhn ha cht ty ra (tham chiu theo VietGAP: 7.3.1; SOP v sinh nh
xng, dng c, thit b).
1.18.2. Phng php: Xem xt thc t
1.18.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 1.18.1 nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 1.18.1 nh gi:

o Li nh (Mi): khi yu cu (2) khng t.

o Li nng (Ma): khi yu cu (1) hoc (3) khng t.
9. Qun l sn phm
9.1.

Qun l nguyn liu

1.19. Ch tiu 19: C s s ch c tha thun hay hp ng mua nguyn liu
t c s sn xut rau, qu? (2 mc li Mi, Ma).
1.19.1. Yu cu: (1) C y hp ng/ tha thun cung cp nguyn liu gia
c s s ch vi c s trng rau qu (nu c s s ch mua nguyn liu
t bn ngoi). Nu c s s ch chung ca mt t chc (t hp tc, hp
tc x, ) th phi c n tham gia t chc ca ngi trng rau, qu; (2)
Ni dung hp ng/ tha thun/ n phi yu cu nh cung cp thc
hin cc quy nh v v sinh an ton thc phm ti ni sn xut ca mnh
(tham chiu theo GMP 6.1).

9.2.

S ch, ng gi sn phm

1.21. Ch tiu 21: Sn phm c s ch, ng gi ti v tr cch ly vi nn/


sn nh hay b mt khng sch? (1 mc li Ma).
1.21.1. Yu cu: Khng sn phm trn nn/ sn nh hay sn phm tip
xc vi nhng b mt khng sch. (tham chiu theo GMP 6.2; 6.3; VietGAP: 7.1.1).
1.21.2. Phng php: Xem xt thc t
1.21.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 1.21.1 nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 1.21.1 nh gi li nng (Ma).
1.22. Ch tiu 22: Sn phm khi s ch, ng gi c c ring theo tng
cng on, trnh nguy c nhim cho ln sn phm? (1 mc li Ma).
1.22.1. Yu cu: Trong qu trnh s ch (phn loi, chn lc, ct ta, lm sch,
ra...) v ng gi sn phm c lu thng theo mt chiu; Sn phm
cng on sau khng ln vi sn phm cng on trc; Dng c
cha ng, dng c sn xut khng c di sn (tham chiu theo
GMP 6.2; 6.3).
1.22.2. Phng php: Xem xt thc t
1.22.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 1.22.1 nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 1.22.1 nh gi li nng (Ma).
9.3. X l sau thu hoch
1.23. Ch tiu 23: S dng phng php x l, cc loi ho cht, ch phm,
mng sp cho sn phm c ph hp khng? (2 mc li Ma, Se).
1.23.1. Yu cu: (1) Ha cht v ch phm sinh hc s dng x l sau thu

135
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

1.20. Ch tiu 20: Nguyn liu nhp vo c m bo cht lng? (2 mc li


Ma, Se).
1.1. Yu cu: (1) Tng l nguyn liu phi c kim tra cht lng cm
quan, tp cht, su, bnh; (2) Nguyn liu rau, qu c thu hoch khi
m bo thi gian cch ly phn bn, thuc BVTV; (3) Kt qu phn
tch cc ch tiu cht lng t yu cu. (4) Phn tch ti PKN c cng
nhn (tham chiu theo GMP 6.1; VietGAP: 6.19; 10.5).
1.20.1. Phng php: Xem xt thc t, h s v phng vn khi cn thit
1.20.2. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 1.20.1 nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 1.20.1 nh gi:

o Li nng (Ma): khi yu cu (1) hoc (4) khng t.

o Li nghim trng (Se): khi yu cu (2) hoc (3) khng t.

Phn 4

1.19.2. Phng php: Xem xt thc t


1.19.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 1.19.1 nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 1.19.1 nh gi:

o Li nh (Mi): khi yu cu (2) khng t.

o Li nng (Ma): khi yu cu (1) khng t.

Phn 4

136
S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs

hoch (x l dit nm, lm chn qu,) phi m bo r ngun gc,


c php s dng; (2) S dng ng theo hng dn ca nh sn
xut (liu lng, thi gian, i tng s dng, ); c bo qun ring
ni kh ro, sch s; C y nhn (k c cc bnh/ti ha cht l);
(3) Trng hp x l bng chiu x phi c c quan thm quyn cp
php; (4) C ghi chp h s vic s dng cc bin php x l (v d: nu
s dng Chlorin ra sn phm th phi ghi r nng , thi gian x
l, theo quy nh ti SOP-i vi x l nc ra rau qu ti) (tham
chiu theo GMP 6.4; VietGAP 7.6.1).
1.23.2. Phng php: Xem xt thc t, h s v phng vn khi cn thit
1.23.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 1.23.1 nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 1.23.1 nh gi:

o Li nng (Ma): khi yu cu (4) khng t.

o Li nghim trng (Se): khi c 1 trong cc yu cu (1), (2), (3) khng
t.
Lu y: Nu khng s dung hoa cht bao quan thi khng anh gia chi
tiu nay
9.4. Ghi nhn
1.24. Ch tiu 24: Bao b, vt liu ng gi c lm t vt liu khng c v
ph hp vi vic ng gi sn phm? (2 mc li Ma, Se).
1.24.1. Yu cu: (1) Vt liu ng gi phi c lm t cht liu khng c v
khng e da n an ton v ph hp ca rau qu ti (PE, thng carton, ...); Khng s dng bao b cha ha cht, phn bn v cc cht nguy
him lm vt liu bao gi; (2) Khng c vt liu ng gi trc
tip trn nn hoc ch c nguy c nhim (ch cha ha cht, phn
bn, cht thi,). (tham chiu theo GMP 6.5; VietGAP 7.1.2; 7.1.6).
1.24.2. Phng php: Xem xt thc t
1.24.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 1.24.1 nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 1.24.1 nh gi:

o Li nng (Ma): khi yu cu (2) khng t.

o Li nghim trng (Se): khi yu cu (1) khng t.
1.25. Ch tiu 25: Bao b sn phm c ghi nhn theo quy nh? (1 mc li
Ma).
1.25.1. Yu cu: Trng hp c bao gi thuc din phi dn nhn theo quy nh,
nhn hng ha ti thiu phi c cc thng tin: Tn, a ch c s; Sn
phm rau qu an ton. (tham chiu theo GMP 6.5; VietGAP 10.6).
Lu : Trng hp khng bt buc ghi nhn theo quy nh th khng
nh gi ch tiu ny.
1.25.2. Phng php: Xem xt thc t
1.25.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 1.25.1 nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 1.25.1 nh gi li nng (Ma).

11. Qun l sinh vt hi


1.27. Ch tiu 27: Gia sc, gia cm c c cch ly khi khu vc s ch, ng
gi sn phm? (1 mc li Ma).
1.27.1. Yu cu: Khng c vt nui trong khu s ch, ng gi, bo qun sn
phm. Phi nui nht cc vt nui (tham chiu theo GMP 7; VietGAP
7.4).
1.27.2. Phng php: Xem xt thc t
1.27.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 1.27.1 nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 1.27.1 nh gi li nng (Ma).
1.28. Ch tiu 28: C bin php ngn chn sinh vt gy hi trong v ngoi khu
vc s ch, ng gi sn phm? (2 mc li Mi, Ma).
1.28.1. Yu cu: (1) Rnh thot nc, ca s/ ca/ thng gi phi c li
chn hoc bin php ngn chn cn trng, chut; Ca ra vo phi thng
ng v c mn chn cn trng; Loi b cc ni ng vt gy hi n nu
(ph thi, vt liu, bi rm) xung quanh khu vc sn xut; (2) Khng c
ng vt gy hi trong khu s ch, ng gi, bo qun sn phm; (3) C
s t b, by chut. V tr t by, b cch xa sn phm. (tham chiu
theo GMP 7; VietGAP 7.4).
1.28.2. Phng php: Xem xt thc t
1.28.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 1.28.1 nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 1.28.1 nh gi:

o Li nh (Mi): khi yu cu (1) khng t.

o Li nng (Ma): khi yu cu (2) hoc (3) khng t.

137
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

1.26. Ch tiu 26: Vn chuyn sn phm c bo m v sinh khng? (2 mc


li Mi, Ma).
1.26.1. Yu cu: (1) Khng bo qun v vn chuyn sn phm chung vi cc
hng ha khc c nguy c gy nhim sn phm (xng du, phn bn,
ha cht, gia sc, gia cm). Nu vn chuyn chung vi thc phm
khc hoc hng ha phi thc phm (khng c hi) phi c ngn cch;
(2) Phng tin vn chuyn phi sch, ngn chn c nhim (k c
khi, bi). (tham chiu theo GMP 12; VietGAP 7.7).
1.26.2. Phng php: Xem xt thc t
1.26.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 1.26.1 nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 1.26.1 nh gi:

o Li nh (Mi): khi yu cu (2) khng t.

o Li nng (Ma): khi yu cu (1) khng t.

Phn 4

10. Vn chuyn

Phn 4

138

12. Qun l cht thi

S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs

1.29. Ch tiu 29: Cht thi c c thu gom v x l gim thiu nguy c
gy nhim bn sn phm khng? (2 mc li Mi, Ma).
1.29.1. Yu cu: (1) Trong khu s ch c dng c thu gom, cha ng ph liu
ph hp. Ph liu c thu gom v chuyn thng xuyn ra ngoi; (2)
X l ph liu, rc thi ph hp khng nhim t, nc hay khu s ch
(v d: hng ngy chuyn cho n v x l rc hoc chn lp vi rc thi
hu c, chuyn ti ch rc v c kh phn hu...) (tham chiu theo GMP
8; VietGAP 7.2.3; 8.1).
1.29.2. Phng php: Xem xt thc t
1.29.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 1.29.1 nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 1.29.1 nh gi:
o Li nh (Mi): khi yu cu (2) khng t.
o Li nng (Ma): khi yu cu (1) khng t.
1.30. Ch tiu 30: C h thng thot nc thi, khng gy nhim mi trng
xung quanh? (2 mc li Mi, Ma).
1.30.1. Yu cu: (1) Trong ni s ch phi c h thng rnh nhn, phng m
bo thu gom ht nc v d v sinh; (2) Nc thi khng x trc tip vo
khu canh tc v ngun nc (tham chiu theo GMP 8; VietGAP 7.2.3;
8.1).
1.30.2. Phng php: Xem xt thc t
1.30.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 1.30.1 nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 1.30.1 nh gi:
o Li nh (Mi): khi yu cu (1) khng t.
o Li nng (Ma): khi yu cu (2) khng t.
13. o to v thc hin v sinh c nhn
1.31. Ch tiu 31: Ngi lao ng c tp hun v an ton thc phm v
thc hnh v sinh c nhn? (2 mc li Mi, Ma).
1.31.1. Yu cu: Ngi lao ng phi c tp hun v: (1) Kin thc, k nng
trong sn xut nhm m bo an ton v sinh thc phm; (2) Phng
php s dng trang thit b, dng c; (3) Cc hng dn s cu tai nn
lao ng; (4) S dng an ton cc ha cht; (5) V sinh c nhn. (tham
chiu theo GMP 10; VietGAP 9.4.2).
1.31.2. Phng php: Xem xt thc t v phng vn khi cn thit
1.31.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 1.31.1 nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 1.31.1 nh gi:
o Li nh (Mi): khi c 1 yu cu khng t.
o Li nng (Ma): khi c nhiu hn 1 yu cu khng t.
1.32. Ch tiu 32: Ngi lao ng c c trang b bo h lao ng? (2 mc
li Mi, Ma).
1.32.1. Yu cu: (1) C trang b bo h lao ng y cho ngi lao ng

1.34. Ch tiu 34: Ngi lao ng tun th thc hnh v sinh khi tham gia sn
xut? (2 mc li Mi, Ma).
1.34.1. Yu cu: Ngi lao ng (k c khch thm quan) phi tun th: (1)
Ngi mc bnh truyn nhim (vng da, vim gan A, tiu chy, ...), c
vt thng h khng c tip xc vi sn phm. Nu b mc bnh hoc
c triu chng phi thng bo ngay cho ngi c trch nhim; (2) Phi
ra tay bng x phng trc khi tip xc vi sn phm, ngay sau khi i
v sinh hoc sau khi tip xc vi cc vt khng sch; (3) Khng c ht
thuc, n ung, khc nh v ho v pha sn phm; (4) Khng c
mng tay di, eo trang sc, ng h v cc vt khc; (5) Tc c kp
gn ngng. (tham chiu theo GMP 9; VietGAP: 7.5.2)
1.34.2. Phng php: Xem xt thc t v h s
1.34.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 1.34.1 nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 1.34.1 nh gi:
o Li nh (Mi): khi c 1 trong cc yu cu (3), (4), (5) khng t.
o Li nng (Ma): khi yu cu (1) hoc (2) khng t, hoc c nhiu
hn 1 yu cu khc khng t.
14. Ghi chp h s
1.35. Ch tiu 35: C y h s ghi chp theo di vic nhp nguyn liu, xut
x, qu trnh s ch, ng gi, xut bn sn phm? (2 mc li Mi, Ma).
1.35.1. Yu cu: C h s ghi chp y cc thng tin v thi gian, cc thng
s k thut, thnh phn, s lng, m truy xut t nguyn liu n
thnh phm. Nguyn nhn nhim c pht hin v cc hnh ng

139
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

1.33. Ch tiu 33: Ngi lao ng c c kim tra sc khe nh k khng?
(2 mc li Mi, Ma).
1.33.1. Yu cu: Ngi lao ng c kim tra sc khe nh k t nht 1 nm/
ln ti c s y t cp qun/ huyn tr ln. (tham chiu theo GMP 9).
1.33.2. Phng php: Xem xt h s
1.33.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 1.33.1 nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 1.33.1 nh gi:
o Li nh (Mi): khi c thc hin nhng khng y .
o Li nng (Ma): khi khng thc hin.

Phn 4

(qun, o, ng, m, khu trang, gng tay, ); (2) Bo h lao ng (BHL)


c git sch, trong tnh trng bo tr tt; (3) Mc bo h lao ng y
khi tham gia sn xut, khng mc bo h lao ng ra ngoi (tham
chiu theo GMP 9; VietGAP 9.1.5; 9.2.2)
1.32.2. Phng php: Xem xt thc t
1.32.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 1.32.1 nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 1.32.1 nh gi:
o Li nh (Mi): khi c 1 yu cu (2) hoc (3) khng t, hoc c trang
b BHL nhng khng y .
o Li nng (Ma): khi yu cu (2) v (3) khng t, hoc khng trang b
BHL.

Phn 4

140
S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs

khc phc. C ghi chp v lu gi h s cho tng l sn phm mi khi


xut hng (Tn, a ch ngi mua, thi gian, chng loi, s lng v m
truy xut ngun gc). Lu tr y trong thi gian 2 nm. (tham chiu
theo GMP 11; VietGAP: 10).
1.35.2. Phng php: Xem xt h s
1.35.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 1.35.1 nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 1.35.1 nh gi:
o Li nh (Mi): khi c thc hin ghi chp, lu tr h s nhng cha
y .
o Li nng (Ma): khi khng thc hin ghi chp, lu tr h s.
IV. HNG DN X L KT QU NH GI:
1. Xp loi c s:
Li

Nh (Mi)

Nng (Ma)

Nghim trng (Se)

<11

> 12

<5

>6

>1

Xp loi

Din gii cch xp loi:


C s xp loi A:
Se = 0, Ma =0, Mi 11
C s xp loi B:

Se = 0, Ma =0, Mi 12; hoc

Se = 0, 1 Ma 5, khng tnh Mi
C s xp loi C:
Se = 0, Ma > 6, khng tnh Mi; hoc
Se > 1, khng tnh Ma, Mi
2. Tn sut kim tra nh k ( gia hn chng nhn)
- C s xp loai A: 1 nm/ln
- C s xp loi B: 6 thng/ln

3. X l kt qu:
3.1. T chc chng nhn x l kt qu do on kim tra ca T chc chng
nhn thc hin:
3.1.1. Trng hp kim tra ln u, kim tra li (kim tra chng nhn):

- Ch c s xp loi A, B mi c cp chng nhn VietGAP.

3.2. C quan qun l x l kt qu do on kim tra ca C quan qun l


thc hin:
- C s xp loi A, B: C quan qun l yu cu T chc Chng nhn
x l nh mc 3.1.2 (1)
- i vi c s xung loi B: C quan qun l yu cu T chc
Chng nhn x l nh mc 3.1.2 (2).
- i vi c s xung loi C: C quan qun l yu cu T chc
Chng nhn x l nh mc 3.1.2 (3).
V. X L VI PHM CA C S S CH
1. Cnh co: T chc Chng nhn cnh co bng vn bn n c s s ch
khi c s xung hng B v tn sut kim tra p dng trong thi gian ti.
2. nh ch chng nhn: C s s ch b T chc Chng nhn ra Quyt
nh nh ch chng nhn VietGAP trong trng hp C s xung loi C
(theo kt qu kim tra ca c quan qun l hoc kt qu kim tra gim
st, kim tra t xut ca T chc Chng nhn);
T chc Chng nhn ra Quyt nh nh ch chng nhn VietGAP v quy
nh thi hn nh sn xut khc phc sai li. Thi hn khc phc
sai li khng qu 03 (ba) thng k t thi im Quyt nh nh ch chng
nhn VietGAP c hiu lc.
3. Thu hi chng nhn: C s s ch b T chc Chng nhn ra Quyt
nh thu hi chng nhn VietGAP trong nhng trng hp sau y:
a) C s xung loi C v b nh ch chng nhn nhng khng c
hnh ng khc phc sai li ng thi hn;
c) T chi kim tra ca T chc Chng nhn;
d) X
 in hon kim tra ca T chc Chng nhn 02 (hai) ln lin tip khng
c l do chnh ng;
e) S
 dng logo VietGAP khng ng vi ni dung vn bn u quyn s
dng logo VietGAP.
Trong thi hn 1 nm k t ngy c Quyt nh thu hi chng nhn
VietGAP c hiu lc, c s khng c chng nhn VietGAP.

141
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

- Thng bo c s cha u iu kin va yu cu co bao cao kt qua


khc phuc cu th i vi c s khng at (loi C).
3.1.2. Trng hp kim tra nh k, kim tra t xut ( duy tr, gia hn chng
nhn):

- (1) C s xp loi A, B c tip tc duy tr, gia hn chng nhn
VietGAP.

- (2) i vi c s xung loi B: Thng bo cho c s v vic b xung
hng v tn sut kim tra p dng trong thi gian ti.

- (3) i vi c s xung loi C: Thng bao nh ch hiu lc chng nhn
VietGAP va yu cu co bao cao kt qua khc phuc cu th. Tuy theo
mc sai li ca c s, T chc Chng nhn quyt inh thi hn
khc phc (nhng khng qu 3 thng) v t chc kim tra li. Nu c
s khng khc phc, T chc Chng nhn thu hi Giy chng nhn
VietGAP.

Phn 4

Phn 4

142

V. DANH MC TI LIU KM THEO HNG DN KIM TRA, NH GI

S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs

1 - Quy trnh thc hnh sn xut nng nghip tt cho rau, qu ti an ton (VietGAP) ban hnh km theo quyt nh s 379/Q-BNN-KHCN ngy 14/4/2008
ca B trng B NN&PTNT;
2 - Quy nh v chng nhn sn phm thu sn, trng trt, chn nui c sn
xut, s ch ph hp vi Quy trnh thc hnh nng nghip tt (VietGAP) ban
hnh km theo Thng t s 48/2012/TT-BNNPTNT ngy 26/9/2012 ca B
trng B NN&PTNT;
3 - Quy nh qun l sn xut rau, qu v ch an ton ban hnh km theo Thng
t s 59/2012/TT-BNNPTNT ngy 09/11/2012 ca B trng B NN&PTNT;
4 - Thng t s 15/2012/TTBNNPTNT ngy 12/9/2012 ca B trng B Y t
ban hnh Quy nh v cc iu kin v sinh chung i vi c s sn xut
thc phm;
5 - Quy nh gii hn nhim ti a vi sinh v ha hc trong thc phm ban hnh
km theo quyt nh s 46/2007/Q-BYT ngy 19/12/2007 ca B trng B
Y t.
6 - Quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc n ung ban hnh km theo
thng t 04/2009/TT BYT ngy 17/6/2009 ca B trng B Y t.
7 - Thng t 32/2010/TT-BNNPTNT ngy 17/6/2010 ca B trng B Nng
nghip v Pht trin nng thn ban hnh Quy nh v ch nh v qun l hot
ng ngi ly mu, ngi kim nh, phng kim nghim, t chc chng
nhn cht lng ging, sn phm cy trng v phn bn (thay th Quyt nh
s 106/2008/Q-BNN ngy 29/10/2008);
8 - S tay hng dn thc hnh sn xut tt (GMP) trong s ch v phn phi
rau qu ti v cc SOP, thng 12/2009 ca D n CIDA.

....................

CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM


c lp - T do - Hnh phc

BIN BN KIM TRA, NH GI


THC HNH SN XUT TT (GMPs) C S KINH DOANH RAU, QU V CH

2)..............................................................................................................................................................

3)..............................................................................................................................................................

1)..............................................................................................................................................................

2)..............................................................................................................................................................

9. i din c s:

CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

8. Thnh phn on kim tra: 1)..............................................................................................................................................................

7. Hnh thc kim tra:..................................................................................................................................................................................

6. Ngy kim tra:.........................................................................................................................................................................................

5. Loi rau, qu:..........................................................................................................................................................................................

4. M s (nu c):.......................................................................................................................................................................................

3. S in thoi:..............................................................................................S Fax:................................................................................

2. a ch:....................................................................................................................................................................................................

1. Tn c s:...............................................................................................................................................................................................

I. THNG TIN CHUNG

(TN C S)

Mc V

Phn 4

143

[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
10

C ngun nc t tiu chun theo cc quy nh hin hnh?

Bao b, thng cha, dy buc sn phm rau qu, ch m bo v


sinh khng?

Rau qu, ch an ton c trng by m bo tch bit vi cc


ngun rau qu khc khng?

Nhn vin bn hng c giy khm sc khe v c chng ch o


to v v sinh an ton thc phm khng?

Dn nhn v thng tin v sn phm ghi trn nhn theo qui nh


khng?

Sn phm p ng cc mc gii hn cho php v ha cht c hi


v vi sinh vt c quy nh i vi rau qu an ton khng?

Tng hp

10

[ ]

[ ]

C s c duy tr v sinh sch s khng?

Ngi bn hng c bo qun rau, qu bng ha cht cm hoc


cha c php s dng khng?

[ ]

C s kinh doanh c Hp ng, chng t/ h s ghi chp mua bn


hng khng?

[ ]

t
(Ac)

C s kinh doanh c y bn sao hp l Thng bo tip nhn


bn cng b rau, qu, ch an ton khng?

Ch tiu nh gi

TT

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

Nh
(Min)

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

Nng
(Ma)

Sai li

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

Khng
p
dng
Nghim
(N/A)
trng (Se)

Din gii sai


li v thi
hn khc
phc

S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs

Kt qu nh gi sai

Phn 4

144

....................., ngy
thng
nm
TRNG ON KIM TRA
(K tn, ng du)

CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

....................., ngy
thng
nm
I DIN C S C KIM TRA
(K tn)

V. KIN CA I DIN C S:............................................................................................................................................................


.........................................................................................................................................................................................................

IV. KT LUN CA ON KIM TRA:....................................................................................................................................................


.........................................................................................................................................................................................................

III. NHN XT V KIN NGH CA ON KIM TRA: . ........................................................................................................................


.........................................................................................................................................................................................................

Phn 4

145

Phn 4

Mc VI

146
S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs

HNG DN PHNG PHP KIM TRA,


NH GI GMPs C S KINH DOANH RAU, QU
AN TON
I. NH NGHA
1. t (Ac):

L p ng hon ton quy nh

2. Li nghim trng (Se): L sai lch so vi quy nh, gy mt an ton


thc phm, nh hng ti sc kho ngi tiu
dng.
3. Li nng (Ma): L sai lch so vi quy nh, c th nh hng
n an ton thc phm, nhng cha ti mc
nghim trng.
4. Li nh (Mi): L sai lch so vi quy nh gy tr ngi cho vic
kim sot v sinh nhng cha n mc nng.
II. S DNG BIU MU KIM TRA
1- Khng b sung hoc b bt ni dung, mc nh gi c quy nh trong
mi ch tiu.
2- Vi mi ch tiu, ch xc nh mc nh gi ti cc ct c k hiu [ ], khng
c xc nh mc nh gi vo ct khng c k hiu [ ].
3- Dng k hiu hoc x nh du vo cc v tr mc nh gi c xc nh
i vi mi ch tiu hoc nh vo ct khng p dng (N/A) (mi ch tiu ch
xc nh 1 mc li).
4- Mi mt ch tiu ch nh vo mt t (AC) hoc sai li tng ng (Mi, Ma,
Se) hoc khng p dng (N/A)
5- Din gii chi tit li hoc l do khng p dng (N/A) v thi hn c s phi
khc phc sai li.
III. HNG DN PHNG PHP KIM TRA, NH GI
1.  Ch tiu 1: C s kinh doanh c y bn sao hp l Thng bo tip
nhn bn cng b rau, qu an ton khng? (01 mc li Ma)
1.1. Yu cu: C s kinh doanh phi c bn sao hp l Thng bo tip nhn
bn cng b rau, qu an ton ca S Nng nghip v Pht trin nng
thn ni sn xut.
1.2. Phng php: Xem xt h s bn sao Thng bo tip nhn bn cng
b rau, qu an ton ca S Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn ni sn
xut, h s ghi chp mua hng, kim tra thc t v phng vn (khi cn
thit).

nh gi:
Ph hp vi 1.1 nh gi t (Ac).
Khng ph hp vi 1.1 nh gi li nng (Ma).

3.
Ch tiu 3: C s c duy tr v sinh sch s khng? (02 mc li Mi, Ma)
3.1. Yu cu: Ni bn hng, kho cha, phng tin bn hng, phng tin
vn chuyn, phng tin bo qun phi bo m yu cu v sinh an ton
thc phm: (1) Sn sch, khng ng nc; tng v trn/mi nh sch;
(2) C thit b, dng c bo qun rau, qu hp v sinh (trong trng hp
c thc hin bo qun rau qu); (3) C k by bn hng hp v sinh; (4)
C thit b thu gom rc thi, kn, cch bit vi quy bn hng; (5) Duy tr
tt iu kin v sinh. (khon 2, iu 19 Quyt nh 41/2005/Q-BYT)
3.2. Phng php: Xem xt thc t
3.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 3.1 nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 3.1 nh gi:

Li nh (Mi): khi yu cu (5) khng t.

Li nng (Ma): khi c t 1 trong cc yu cu (1), (2), (3), (4) khng t.
4. Ch tiu 4: Ngi bn hng c bo qun rau, qu bng ha cht cm
hoc cha c php s dng khng? (01 mc li Se)
4.1. Yu cu: Tuyt i khng c phun, ngm, tm cc ho cht bo
qun rau qu. Khng c by bn rau qu a, nt, nhim v rau qu
bo qun bng ho cht c hi. (khon 3, iu 19 Quyt nh 41/2005/
Q-BYT)
4.2. Phng php: Xem xt thc t, phng vn khi cn thit. Trong trng
hp nghi ng c th ly mu phn tch ha cht bo qun.
4.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 3.1 nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 3.1 nh gi li nghim trng (Se). Lu trong
trng hp nghi ng v c ly mu phn tch ha cht bo qun,
ch tiu ny s c nh gi khi c kt qu kim nghim.

147
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

2. Ch tiu 2: C s kinh doanh c y Hp ng, chng t/h s ghi


chp mua bn hng khng? (02 mc li Mi, Ma)
2.1. Yu cu: C s kinh doanh phi c hp ng, ha n nhp; giy xut
x hng ho hoc s sch ghi chp th hin r chng loi, khi lng,
ngun gc xut x rau, qu an ton v thi gian nhp, xut (Quyt nh
41/2005/Q-BYT).
2.2. Phng php: Xem xt Hp ng mua bn, chng t/h s ghi chp
mua bn hng, xem xt thc t v phng vn (khi cn thit).
2.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 2.1 nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 2.1 nh gi:
- Li nh (Mi): khi c hp ng nhng khng y hoc c chng
t/h s ghi chp mua bn hng nhng khng y .
- Li nng (Ma): khi khng c hp ng hoc chng t/h s ghi
chp mua bn hng.

Phn 4

1.3.

Phn 4

148
S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs

5. Ch tiu 5: C ngun nc t tiu chun theo cc quy nh hin hnh?


(2 mc li Ma, Se).
5.1. Yu cu: (1) Kt qu phn tch nh k nc ra rau, qu t theo QCVN
01:2009/BYT; (2) S dng nc my (thy cc) v sinh hoc c kt
qu phn tch nh k nc v sinh dng c, quy sp t theo QCVN
02:2009/BYT; (3) Phn tch ti PKN c cng nhn.
5.2. Phng php: Xem xt thc t v kt qu phn tch nh k cht lng
nc.
5.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 5.1 nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 5.1 nh gi:
- Li nng (Ma): khi yu cu (3) khng t.
- Li nghim trng (Se): khi yu cu (1) khng t nu c s dng
nc ra rau qu; khi yu cu (2) khng t nu ch s dng
nc v sinh.

Lu :

- Trong trng hp cha c bt k kt qu phn tch nc no th nh
gi khng t mc li nghim trng (Se).

- Nu khng s dng nc th khng nh gi ch tiu ny.
6. Ch tiu 6: Bao b, thng cha, dy buc sn phm rau qu c m bo
v sinh khng? (1 mc li Ma).
6.1. Yu cu: Sn phm rau, qu an ton phi c bao gi, thng cha, dy
buc hp v sinh.
6.2. Phng php: Xem xt thc t
6.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 6.1 nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 6.1 nh gi li nng (Ma).
7. Ch tiu 7: Rau qu an ton c trng by m bo tch bit vi cc
ngun rau qu khc khng? (1 mc li Ma).
7.1. Yu cu: Khng c by bn ln ln gia rau qu sch v rau qu
khng sch. (khon 5, iu 19 Quyt nh 41/2005/Q-BYT)
7.2. Phng php: Xem xt thc t v phng vn khi cn thit
7.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 7.1 nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 7.1 nh gi li nng (Ma).
8. Ch tiu 8: Nhn vin bn hng c thc hin khm sc khe v c cp
Giy chng nhn tham gia tp hun kin thc v VSATTP khng? (02
mc li Mi, Ma).
8.1. Yu cu: (1) Nhn vin bn hng phi c khm sc kho, cy phn
nh k t nht 1 nm 1 ln, (2) c Giy chng nhn c tp hun
kin thc v v sinh an ton thc phm v (3) bo m thc hnh tt v
sinh c nhn. (khon 5, iu 19 Quyt nh 41/2005/Q-BYT)
8.2. Phng php: Xem xt h s v phng vn khi cn thit
8.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 8.1 nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 8.1 nh gi:

- Li nh (Mi): khi yu cu (3) khng t.

- Li nng (Ma): khi yu cu (1) hoc (2) khng t.

IV. HNG DN X L KT QU NH GI:


1. Xp loi c s:
Li

Xp loi

Nh (Mi)

Nng (Ma)

Nghim trng (Se)

<3

<2

>3

>1

Din gii cch xp loi:


C s xp loi A:
Se = 0, Ma =0, Mi 3
C s xp loi B:
Se = 0, 1 Ma 2, khng tnh Mi
C s xp loi C:
Se = 0, Ma > 3, khng tnh Mi; hoc
Se > 1, khng tnh Ma, Mi

149
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

10. Ch tiu 10: Sn phm p ng cc mc gii hn cho php v ha cht


c hi v vi sinh vt c quy nh i vi rau qu an ton khng? (01
mc li Se).
10.1. Yu cu: (1) Sn phm rau, qu lu thng trn th trng phi t yu
cu v vi sinh vt, ha cht gy hi (2) Phn tch ti PKN c cng
nhn.
10.2. Phng php: Xem xt kt qu phn tch. Trong trng hp nghi ng
c th ly mu phn tch.
10.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 10.1 nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 10.1 nh gi:
o Li nng (Ma): khi yu cu (2) khng t.
o Li nghim trng (Se): khi yu cu (1) khng t. Lu trong trng
hp nghi ng v c ly mu phn tch, ch tiu ny s c nh
gi khi c kt qu kim nghim.

Phn 4

9. Ch tiu 9: C thc hin dn nhn v ghi nhn y thng tin theo quy
nh khng? (01 mc li Ma).
9.1. Yu cu: Trng hp c bao gi thuc din phi dn nhn theo quy nh,
nhn hng ha ti thiu phi c cc thng tin: Tn, a ch c s; Sn
phm rau qu an ton.
Lu : Trng hp khng bt buc ghi nhn theo quy nh th khng
nh gi ch tiu ny.
9.2. Phng php: Xem xt thc t v phng vn khi cn thit
9.3. nh gi:

Ph hp vi 9.1 nh gi t (Ac).

Khng ph hp vi 9.1 nh gi li nng (Ma).

Phn 4

150

2. Tn sut kim tra nh k ( gia hn chng nhn)


- C s xp loai A: 1 nm/ln
- C s xp loi B: 6 thng/ln

S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs

3. X l kt qu:
3.1. T chc Chng nhn x l kt qu do on kim tra ca T chc chng
nhn thc hin:
3.1.1. Trng hp kim tra ln u, kim tra li (kim tra chng nhn):

- Ch c s xp loi A, B mi c cp chng nhn.

- Thng bo c s cha u iu kin va yu cu co bao cao kt qua
khc phuc cu th i vi c s khng at (loi C).
3.1.2. Trng hp kim tra nh k, kim tra t xut ( duy tr, gia hn chng
nhn):

- (1) C s xp loi A, B c tip tc duy tr, gia hn chng nhn.

- (2) i vi c s xung loi B: Thng bo cho c s v vic b xung
hng v tn sut kim tra p dng trong thi gian ti.

- (3) i vi c s xung loi C: Thng bao nh ch hiu lc chng nhn
va yu cu co bao cao kt qua khc phuc cu th. Tuy theo mc sai
li ca c s, T chc Chng nhn quyt inh thi hn khc phc
(nhng khng qu 1 thng) v t chc kim tra li. Nu c s khng
khc phc, T chc Chng nhn thu hi Giy chng nhn.
3.2. C quan qun l x l kt qu do on kim tra ca C quan qun l thc hin:

- C s xp loi A, B: C quan qun l yu cu T chc Chng nhn x
l nh mc 3.1.2 (1)

- i vi c s xung loi B: C quan qun l yu cu T chc Chng
nhn x l nh mc 3.1.2 (2).

- i vi c s xung loi C: C quan qun l yu cu T chc Chng
nhn x l nh mc 3.1.2 (3).
V. X L VI PHM CA C S S CH
1. Cnh co: T chc Chng nhn cnh co bng vn bn n c s kinh
doanh khi c s xung hng B v tn sut kim tra p dng trong thi
gian ti.
2. nh ch chng nhn: C s kinh doanh b T chc Chng nhn ra Quyt
nh nh ch chng nhn trong trng hp C s xung loi C (theo kt
qu kim tra ca c quan qun l hoc kt qu kim tra gim st, kim
tra t xut ca T chc Chng nhn);
T chc Chng nhn ra Quyt nh nh ch chng nhn v quy nh
thi hn nh sn xut khc phc sai li. Thi hn khc phc sai
li khng qu 01 (mt) thng k t thi im Quyt nh nh ch chng
nhn c hiu lc.
3. Thu hi chng nhn: C s kinh doanh b T chc Chng nhn ra Quyt
nh thu hi chng nhn trong nhng trng hp sau y:
a) C s xung loi C v b nh ch chng nhn nhng khng c
hnh ng khc phc sai li ng thi hn;
c) T chi kim tra ca T chc Chng nhn;

1 - Quyt nh 41/2005/Q BYT ngy 08/12/2005 ca B trng B Y t ban


hnh Quy nh iu kin v sinh an ton thc phm i vi c s kinh doanh,
dch v, phc v n ung;
2 - Quy nh gii hn nhim ti a vi sinh v ha hc trong thc phm ban hnh
km theo quyt nh s 46/2007/Q-BYT ngy 19/12/2007 ca B Trng
B Y t.
3 - Quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc n ung ban hnh km theo
thng t 04/2009/TT BYT ngy 17/6/2009 ca B trng B Y t.
4 - Quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc sinh hot ban hnh km
theo thng t 05/2009/TT BYT ngy 17/6/2009 ca B trng B Y t.
5 - Thng t 32/2010/TT-BNNPTNT ngy 17/6/2010 ca B trng B Nng
nghip v Pht trin nng thn ban hnh Quy nh v ch nh v qun l hot
ng ngi ly mu, ngi kim nh, phng kim nghim, t chc chng
nhn cht lng ging, sn phm cy trng v phn bn (thay th Quyt nh
s 106/2008/Q-BNN ngy 29/10/2008);

151
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

V. DANH MC TI LIU KM THEO HNG DN KIM TRA, NH GI

Phn 4

d) Xin hon kim tra ca T chc Chng nhn 02 (hai) ln lin tip khng
c l do chnh ng;

Phn 4

Mc VII

152

QUY TRNH LY MU VietGAP/GMPs C S SN


XUT KINH DOANH RAU V QU

S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs

1. GII THIU
Trong nhng thp nin va qua cc nghin cu khoa hc cho thy cc cht
b dng ca rau, qu ti c trong mn n rt c li cho sc kho con ngi.
Ngi ta cng nhn rng cc cht b dng ca rau, qu ti c trong mn n
s lm gim cc nguy c gy ung th v cc bnh v tim mch. Tuy nhin, rau,
qu ti c bn Vit Nam c th c cc mi nguy v ho hc, vi sinh vt
v vt l v nh vy c th lm gim nhng li ch v sc kho khi n rau, qu
ti.
gii quyt nhng mi lo ngi ny, nm 2008, Chnh ph Vit Nam xy
dng qui chun k thut v cc yu cu trong thc hnh sn xut tt p dng
cho sn xut, thu hoch, s ch, ng gi, bo qun v vn chuyn rau, qu ti
ti Vit Nam. Quy chun k thut ny c hiu l VietGAP nm 2008. Ni dung
ca VietGAP bao gm cc thc hnh sn xut tt trong chui sn xut t cp
trang tri xuyn sut ti khu phn phi.
Cc s tay hng dn c xy dng nhm lm r v c th ho cc yu cu
ca VietGAP v gip cc c s sn xut, ng gi, thu gom/thng li, bn
bun, siu th nm bt c chi tit v thc hin cc yu cu ny. S tay hng
dn bao gm cc Thc hnh nng nghip tt (GAP) v cc Thc hnh qun l
tt (GMPs).
K hoch ly mu c thc hin vi cc mc ch sau: Nghin cu nh gi v
iu kin sn xut v iu tra gim st sau thc hin Thc hnh nng nghip tt
v Thc hnh qun l tt. K hoch ly mu trong giai on nghin cu nh gi
iu kin sn xut c xy dng xc nh mc nhim ho cht, vi sinh
vt trong t, nc, rau v qu ti trc v sau khi thc hin m hnh th im.
K hoch ly mu trong giai on iu tra gim st c xy dng xc nh
mc nhim ho cht v vi sinh vt ca rau, qu ti sau khi thc hin p
dng cc thc hnh nng nghip tt v thc hnh qun l tt v nhm nh gi
tnh hiu qu ca cc thc hnh nng nghip tt v thc hnh qun l tt.
Cc hng dn th hin trong ti liu ny c xem l cc thc hnh tt v cn
p dng vo bt c lc no c th p dng. Trong nhng tnh hung c th no
c th c s sai lch so vi hng dn ly mu ny, khi nguyn tc ca tt
c cc hng dn ly mu m l c s xy dng hng dn ly mu ny s
c p dng i vi tt c cc tnh hung.

3. NH NGHA
Nc nng nghip: l nc c s dng cho cc hot ng sn xut trn
ng rung nh: ti tiu, bn phn, phun thuc bo v thc vt
Rung, mnh t, vn cy v nh knh: l cc n v din tch t ring bit
nm trong vng sn xut c tnh gp l mt vng trn c s tng n v din
tch t.
Ti nc bng rnh, ti ngp v b bao: l phng php ti gip nc
lu thng qua cc cnh ng nh nhng knh nc nh c gia mt nhm cc
lung, cc b bao, mng, rnh dn nc t mt im hoc t im ti nc
ti cui rung.
Nc ngm: l ngun nc di b mt t nm trong vng tr nc v ngm
trong t.
L hng: c xc nh l mt t rau, qu c thu hoch v ng gi trong
cng mt ngy t cng mt ngun v c x l cng mt quy trnh. i vi
nhng trang tri c quy m ln hn hoc c nh ng gi, khung thi gian
xc nh mt l hng c th ngn hn, v d: na ngy hoc mt ting thu hoch
hoc ng gi.
Nc my: l ngun nc c cung cp bi cp chnh quyn a phng nh
th trn, tnh hoc thnh ph
Ti kiu ma ri: L phng php ti theo kiu nc ri t trn xung ngn
cy v t, ging nh ma ri. Phng php ny c th c ti bng tay s
dng thng ng nc ti hoc bng vi phun c hoc khng c loa phun to
tia nc phun nh hoc bng cc vi phun ni vi h thng ng nc p lc.
Nc sau thu hoch: l nc c s dng trong cc hot ng s ch rau,
qu ti sau thu hoch nh ty ra (nc thi) lm lnh, v sinh, sc ra, x
l sau thu hoch, lm sch v vn chuyn (vn chuyn bng bng chuyn) sn
phm.
Ti trn t: l phng php ti bng cch nc c ti trn mt t.
Phng php ny bao gm cc h thng ti p dng rnh, ti ngp v b
bao. S dng thng ti bng tay hoc bng vi phun trn mt t, cng c
coi l phng php ti trn mt t.
Nc mt: l tt c cc ngun nc c trn b mt t nh sng, sui, knh,
mng, ao, h, m ly, khu vc m ly v cc ngun nc chuyn tip.

153
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

Ti liu ny nhm mc ch hng dn cn b ca S Nng nghip v Pht trin


nng thn v phng php ly mu t, nc v rau qu ti v phng php
bo qun tnh nguyn vn ca mu.

Phn 4

2. PHM VI

Phn 4

154

Ti nc kiu nh git: l mt h thng ti m lng nc chuyn ti t


c kim sot ti v tr nc tun ra hoc gn vi ch gc cy thng qua mng
li ng dn nc. H thng nc ti kiu nh git c th t trn mt t hoc
chn di t.

S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs

4. HNG DN LY MU - TNG HP
Mi mu gi ti phng kim nghim s c coi l mu gi chnh thc. Mi mu
l i din ca c rung hoc c l hng. Phng php phi c duyt trnh
tnh trng ly nhim mu n trong qu trnh s ch, bo qun v vn chuyn ti
phng kim nghim. Nu vic ly mu khng chun hoc khng c thc hin
ng cch, hoc khng i din c rung hoc l hng c ly mu th kt
qu ca phng kim nghim s khng chnh xc v khng thuyt phc.
Vic ly mu phi c thc hin theo cch m mu phi i din c cho
tt c mi c im ca rung hoc l hng . Do , ngi ly mu cn
phi lu nh sau:
S dng trang phc sch s gim thiu ri ro ly nhim
Ra tay sch s trc khi ly mu
Ly mu ngu nhin, v d: ly mu cc v tr khc nhau. Khng s dng
bao b hng ng mu nh: bao b h, b rch/thng v nhng mu
trong cc bao b nh vy c th khng th i din c cho ton b l hng
v c th b ly nhim bi nhng tc nhn bn ngoi.
Ly mt phn sn phm lm i din cho mu nu lng sn phm qu ln
so vi ti ng mu.
Ly mu trong iu kin v trng nu mu c dng kim tra mi nguy
vi sinh vt.
i gng tay trc khi tin hnh ly mu tip theo nu trong trng hp c
nguy c nhim cho.
Khng ly mu t nhng l hng/ti sn phm b tr li v nhng sn phm
c th khng c s ch, ng gi v vn chuyn ng cch.
Khng m ti ng mu bng cch thi ti v nh vy c th s truyn cc vi
sinh vt thng c trong ming vo ti.
Khng qu nhiu mu vo trong ti ng mu.
ng kn ti ng mu sau khi cho mu vo bo m mu khng ri ra
ngoi hoc khng b ly nhim trong qu trnh vn chuyn thng thng.
Thc hin tt c cc cng on ng gi mu ti ni ly mu trnh kh
nng ly nhim.
iu kin v trng c ngha l ngi ly mu phi s dng cc dng c tit trng,
gng tay tit trng v c th tiu hu. Ngi ly mu cn mang thit b v gng
tay tit trng thc hin ly mu ng theo k hoch trong ngy. Gng tay tit
trng ch c s dng cho mt l hng. Cn ch thn trng khng dng c
v gng tit trng tip xc vi cc b mt khc ngoi sn phm ly mu. Do
ngi ly mu phi chun b ton b cc dng c ly mu trc khi tin hnh ly

Phn 4

mu. sn phm vo ngay trong ti ng mu. Nu sn phm hoc mt phn


sn phm b ri ra ngoi th khng nn nht li ri cho vo ti v vic c th s
lm sn phm b ly nhim.

155

5.1 Ly mu t
Mc ch ca k hoch ly mu
K hoch ly mu t l mt phn ca nghin cu nh gi ban u v iu kin
sn xut. Mc ch ca k hoch l nhm xc nh mc nhim ho cht, c
bit l kim loi nng trc khi trin khai thc hin p dng cc yu cu ca thc
hnh nng nghip tt (GAP).
Cc yu t cn xem xt:
Nh mt phn ca m hnh sn xut rau, qu an ton ti Vit Nam, t phi c
phn tch xc nh mc ly nhim d lng ho cht. t ca mt rung
hay mt tha rung nm trong vng thc hin m hnh th im s khng cn
kim tra phn tch li, nu:
Rung hay tha rung c ly mu phn tch trong 2 nm.
Mu t c kim tra phn tch bi cng mt phng php phn tch
c hiu chnh.
Mu t c kim tra phn tch bi mt phng kim nghim c cng
nhn.
Kt qu phn tch mu nm trong gii hn sai s cho php, v
Kt qu vn cn bo lu.
Nu mt vi rung hoc tha rung nm trong vng ca m hnh th im m t
c c im ging nhau v nm st nhau, v d: cch nhau di 500m th cn
phi ly mt mu.
Ch tiu phn tch
Cc ch tiu phn tch i vi mu t gm: asen (As), cadimi (Cd), ch (Pd),
ng (Cu), Km (Zn). Qui chun tham chiu QCVN 01-132:2013/BNNPTNT
Dng c ly mu v vn chuyn
Nhng dng c di y cn c thc hin ly mu v ng gi vn chuyn
mu:
Dng c o mu
Ti nilng
Ti ng
Giy bc
Dng c lm lnh
Ti nc
Phng php ly mu
Ra dng c o mu trc khi ly mu v bt li bng giy bc trnh nhim
khun v sau. Nhn chung, kh nng bin i hm lng kim loi nng trong

CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

5. HNG DN LY MU CHI TIT

Phn 4

156
S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs

mu t theo thi gian thng l thp. Tuy nhin, mc phn b theo khng
gian ca kim loi nng trn mt cnh ng c th bin i do qu trnh s dng
phn bn (phn ho hc v phn hu c) v vic s dng nc nng nghip
khng ng u. Do , mu t cn phi i din c cho tng din tch ca
rung .
Mt s c im khi ly mu:
Tn sut: khi bt u trin khai m hnh th im
S mu n: 12 mu n trn li thnh mt mu gp
V tr ly mu: Ly ngu nhin theo s hnh ch W (Hnh 1) ti phn canh
tc ca rung v su 20cm.

Hnh 1. S ly mu t ti rung.

ng gi vn chuyn v bo qun
Khng c hng dn c th no, ch cn bo qun ton b mu.
5.2

Ly mu nc

5.2.1 Nc nng nghip


Mc tiu ca k hoch ly mu nc:
K hoch ly mu nc nng nghip l mt phn ca nghin cu ban u v
nh gi iu kin sn xut. Mc ch ca k hoch ly mu nc nng nghip
l nhm xc nh mc nhim ho cht v vi sinh vt trc khi thc hin cc
yu cu ca thc hnh nng nghip tt (GAP) v quy phm thc hnh chun
(SOP) i vi nc nng nghip.
Cc yu t cn xem xt:
L mt phn ca m hnh sn xut rau, qu an ton ti Vit Nam, nc nng
nghip cn phi c phn tch v mc nhim ho cht. Do s bin i v
ngun nc, cht lng nc qua mt qu trnh sn xut (v d: gia ma kh
sang ma ma), nc nng nghip phi c kim tra phn tch k c trc
c ly mu phn tch.
Nu kt qu kim tra phn tch mu nc cho thy kim loi nng vt qu gii
hn cho php hoc pht hin c nhim vi sinh vt th cn phi ly thm mu

Qui chun tham chiu QCVN 01-132:2013/BNNPTNT


Dng c ly mu v vn chuyn
Nhng dng c di y cn c thc hin ly mu nc nng nghip v ng
gi vn chuyn mu:
Dng c ly mu kn (ch p dng khi ly mu nc t ao)
L polyethylene hoc polypropylene hp tit trng
Gng tay s dng mt ln
Cn 70%
Dng c lm lnh
Phng php ly mu
Di y l mt s c im khi ly mu:
Tn sut: khi bt u trin khai m hnh th im
S mu n: 3 mu n (75ml mi mu) trn thnh mt mu gp
V tr ly mu ti cc im ti nc:
o Ti nc kiu ma phun: ly mu t nht 3 vi phun;
o Ti nc kiu nh git: ly mu t nht ti 3 im;
o Ti nc trn mt t: ly mu ti im ng nc, rnh nc bt u
a nc vo ng hay ngay ti u vi nc.
Quy trnh ly mu.
o nc chy hoc nh git trong 5 pht trc khi bt u ly mu.
o i vi vic ti nc kiu nh git: cn phi tit trng vi nc bng cn.
o i vi vic ti nc trn mt t: ly 3 mu n cch nhau 5 pht.
Quy trnh ly mu b sung khi kt qu phn tch mu nc ti ti rung cho
thy kim loi nng vt qu gii hn cho php hoc pht hin c nhim vi
sinh vt.
o Ly 3 mu n (75ml mi mu) trn thnh mt mu gp.
o Nc b mt: ly 3 mu n cc v tr v su khc nhau.
o Nc ngm: Ti ming ging, ly 3 mu n cch nhau 5 pht. nc
nh git trong 5 pht trc khi tin hnh ly mu.
ng gi vn chuyn v bo qun
Ngay sau khi ly mu, mu phi c vo thng lnh c v gi nhit
mc 1-5oC t khi ly mu n khi phn tch. i vi phn tch vi sinh vt, thi
gian lu mu ti a t khi ly mu cho ti khi phn tch l 48 ting, v khng
c lm ng lnh mu.
5.2.2 Nc s dng sau thu hoch
Mc ch ca k hoch ly mu:
C hai mc ch trong k hoch ly mu nc s dng sau thu hoch: nguyn

157
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

Ch tiu phn tch


Ch tiu phn tch i vi mu nc nng nghip gm:
Kim loi nng: asen (As), cadimi (Cd), thu ngn (Hg), ch (Pd)
Vi sinh vt: E. Coli

Phn 4

nc trn c h thng cung cp nc (v d: ging, ao, ng dn nc, knh v.v.)


xc nh ngun gy nhim.

Phn 4

158

cu nh gi iu kin sn xut v iu tra gim st.

S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs

K hoch ly mu i vi nghin cu nh gi c xy dng xc nh mc


nhim ho cht v vi sinh vt ca nc s dng sau thu hoch ti ngun v
trc khi ra v x l rau, qu ti sau thu hoch. Nu kt qu c nhim, cn
thc hin ngay cc hnh ng lm gim nhim.
K hoch ly mu i vi iu tra gim st c xy dng nh gi tnh hiu
qu ca vic thc hin cc yu cu v thc hnh qun l tt (GMP) v cc quy
phm thc hnh chun tng ng lin quan ti nc s dng sau thu hoch.
V d, nu E.coli trong nc s dng sau thu hoch cao sau khi ra sn phm.
Nh vy c ngha rng nc ra cn phi thay thng xuyn hn hoc vic
x l nc cha c hiu qu. Nu pht hin c d lng thuc bo v thc vt
trong nc ra th cn phi thay nc thng xuyn hn v d lng thuc bo
v thc vt c th tch t trong nc ra theo thi gian v c th lm sn phm
b nhim thm.
Cc yu t cn xem xt:
i vi vic ly mu nc s dng sau thu hoch, khng c yu t c th no
cn xem xt.
Ch tiu phn tch
Ch tiu thc hin i vi vic ly mu nc:
Kim loi nng: asen (As), catmi (Cd), thu ngn (Hg), ch (Pd)
nhim vi sinh vt:
o Vi nghin cu nh gi ban u v iu kin sn xut: E. coli, Samonella spp., Shigella spp., V. cholera.
o Vi iu tra gim st: E. coli
Qui chun tham chiu: QCVN02:2009/BYT
Dng c ly mu, ng gi v vn chuyn
Nhng dng c di y cn c thc hin ly mu nc s dng sau thu
hoch v ng gi vn chuyn mu:
L polyethylene hoc polypropylene hp tit trng
Gng tay s dng mt ln
Cn 70%
Dng c lm lnh
Cht bo qun dng cho nc x l
Ch thch: Clo t do c th phn ng vi vi sinh vt sau khi ly mu, do c
th s dng cht bo qun lm gim tc ng ca clo t do ti qun th vi
sinh vt.
Phng php ly mu
Di y l mt s c im khi ly mu:
Tn sut:
o i vi nghin cu nh gi iu kin sn xut: khi bt u trin khai m
hnh th im.

ng gi vn chuyn v bo qun
Ngay sau khi ly mu, mu phi c vo thng lnh c v gi nhit
mc 1-5oC t khi ly mu n khi phn tch. i vi phn tch vi sinh vt, thi
gian lu mu ti a t lc ly mu ti khi phn tch l 48 ting, v khng c
lm ng lnh mu.
5.3

Ly mu sn phm

Mc ch ca k hoch ly mu:
i vi vic ly mu sn phm ti c 2 mc ch trong k hoch ly mu: khi
nghin cu nh gi ban u v iu kin sn xut v khi iu tra gim st.
K hoch ly mu i vi nghin cu nh gi ban u v iu kin sn xut
c xy dng xc nh mc nhim ho cht v vi sinh vt trong rau,
qu ti trc khi thc hin cc yu cu ca thc hnh nng nghip tt (GAP)
v thc hnh qun l tt (GMP) v cc quy phm thc hnh chun (SOPs) tng
ng.
K hoch ly mu i vi iu tra gim st c xy dng nh gi tnh hiu
qu ca vic thc hin cc yu cu v thc hnh qun l tt (GMP) v cc quy
phm thc hnh chun (SOPs) tng ng. Trong phm vi ly mu theo di
gim st c 4 (bn) cp cn phi ly mu: trc thu hoch, sau thu hoch ti
trang tri, sau thu hoch ti c s ng gi, v c s bn bun, siu th.
K hoch ly mu trc thu hoch c xy dng nh gi vic thc hin
cc yu cu ca thc hnh nng nghip tt (GAP) v cc qui phm thc hnh
chun (SOPs) tng ng trong qu trnh sn xut, v d: ti nc, bn phn
hu c, s dng thuc bo v thc vt. K hoch ly mu sau thu hoch ti trang
tri c thit k nh gi vic thc hin cc quy phm thc hnh qun l tt
(GMP) v cc quy phm thc hnh chun (SOP) i vi cc khu: thu hoch,
ng gi, vn chuyn, bo qun rau, qu ti ti trang tri. K hoch ly mu sau
thu hoch ti c s ng gi c xy dng nh gi vic thc hin cc yu
cu v thc hnh qun l tt (GMP) v cc quy phm thc hnh chun (SOPs)
tng ng, v d: vic v sinh c s vt cht, x l sau thu hoch, s ch, vn
chuyn an ton sn phm bi ngi lao ng, v.v. Cui cng, k hoch ly mu
ti c s bn bun v siu th c xy dng nh gi cc yu cu v thc
hnh qun l tt (GMP) v cc quy phm thc hnh chun (SOPs) i vi cc
khu vn chuyn v s ch rau, qu ti ti c s bn bun v siu th.

159
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

o i vi iu tra gim st: 3 ln trong thi gian thc hin m hnh th im


S lng mu n: 3 mu n (75ml mi mu) trn thnh mt mu gp.
V tr v quy trnh ly mu i vi nghin cu nh gi iu kin sn xut:
o Nc mt: 3 mu n sau khi x l nc.
o Nc ngm: ly ti ming ging; ly 3 mu n cch nhau 5 pht v
nc chy t nht trong 5 pht trc khi ly mu.
o Nc nh my: ly ti v tr nc vo., 3 mu n cch nhau 5 pht
nc chy t nht trong 5 pht trc khi ly mu.
V tr v quy trnh ly mu nc ra (i vi iu tra gim st): ly 3 mu n
t chu ra, mi ln ly cch nhau 5 pht.

Phn 4

Phn 4

160
S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs

Cc yu t cn xem xt:
Tt c vic ly mu u c thc hin ti cp trang tri v c s ng gi, hoc
gi l ti im giao hng, tr k hoch ly mu ti c s bn bun v siu th.
Vic ly mu rau, qu ti ti c s bn bun v siu th c coi l ly mu ti
im cui.
Ch tiu phn tch:
Ch tiu thc hin i vi vic ly mu sn phm gm:
Kim loi nng: catmi (Cd), ch (Pd)
Thuc bo v thc vt: theo danh mc lit k trong k hoch ly mu.
 nhim vi sinh vt: E. coli, Samonella spp.,.
Qui chun tham chiu: Q46/2007-BYT v QCVN 8-3/2012-BYT
Ly mu v dng c ly mu:
Nhng dng c di y cn c thc hin ly mu sn phm v ng gi vn
chuyn mu:
Ti ng thc phm
Gng tay s dng mt ln
Ko, dng c xn, v/hoc dao tit trng
Cn 70 tit trng dao, ko v dng c xn
Dng c lm lnh
Ti lnh
Phng php ly mu
Di y l mt s c im khi ly mu:
Sn phm ly mu: Theo k hoch ly mu
Tn sut:
o Nghin cu nh gi ban u v iu kin sn xut: trc khi bt u
trin khai m hnh th im.
o iu tra gim st ngay trc thu hoch: 3 ln trong thi gian thc hin
m hnh th im.
o iu tra gim st sau thu hoch ti cp trang tri: 3 ln trong thi gian
thc hin m hnh th im.
o iu tra gim st sau thu hoch ti c s ng gi: 3 ln trong thi gian
thc hin m hnh th im.
o iu tra gim st sau thu hoch ti c s bn bun v siu th: 3 ln
trong thi gian thc hin m hnh th im.
S lng mu n:
o i vi nghin cu nh gi ban u v iu kin sn xut, ngay trc
khi thu hoch:

Cy h ci: 12 cy

Rau n qu: 12 qu ly t 12 cy khc nhau

Rau n l: 1 mu gp 500gr ly t 12 cy khc nhau.
o i vi iu tra gim st trc thu hoach:

Cy h ci: 12 cy

Rau n qu: 12 qu ly t 12 cy khc nhau

Rau n l: 1 mu gp 500gr ly t 12 cy khc nhau.
o i vi iu tra gim st sau thu hoch ti cp trang tri

Cy h ci: 12 cy t 3 ti/ thng, st ng khc nhau

6. NHN DIN MU
Ngay sau khi ly mu, cn ng nhn vo bao b ng mu hoc s dng ming
bng dn xc nhn mu theo m s ca mu hoc bng bt k hnh thc no
khc. Thng s nh du mu cn phi r rng, d c v gi c lu. Khng
s dng bt nc vit ln bao b ng mu bng nha v mc ca bt c th s
ngm vo bao b.
Hon thin bo co ly mu vi nhng thng tin di y:
Ngy thng nm ly mu
Tn v a ch m hnh th im
M s ca mu
Tn ca rau, qu ti c ly
V tr rung ly mu: v d: v tr, rung s. 5
Thng tin nhn din c s ni ly mu: HTX ABC, nng dn XYZ, c s bn
bun 123, v.v.
nh du ln bao b i vi nhng sn phm ng gi, bao gm c tn
nhn hiu, nu c
Ch thch: bt k thng tin no cn thit cho vic truy nguyn ngun gc ca
mu cng nh cc iu kin hon cnh khi ly mu, v d nh: nng dn
rung bn cnh ang phun thuc bo v thc vt, khu rc thi gn vi ao, v
sinh c nhn ca ngi lao ng ti trang tri khng m bo, v.v.
Tn phng kim nghim ni mu c gi ti (s dng vi mc ch truy
nguyn ngun gc)
Ch tiu ngh phn tch: v d: kim loi nng, d lng thuc bo v thc
vt, E. coli gip phng kim nghim bit phi thc hin cng vic g (t vn
k hoch ly mu)
H tn v ch k ca ngi ly mu
Cc kt qu phn tch phng kim nghim hon thin

161
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

ng gi vn chuyn v bo qun
Ngay sau khi ly mu, mu phi c vo thng lnh c v gi nhit
mc 1-5oC t lc ly mu n khi phn tch. i vi phn tch vi sinh vt, thi
gian lu mu ti a t lc ly mu ti khi phn tch l 48 ting. Khng c
mu ng li trc khi phn tch vi sinh.

Phn 4


Rau n qu: 12 qu t 3 ti / thng, st ng khc nhau

Rau n l: 3 mu gp 500 gr ly t 3 ti/ thng, st ng khc nhau
o i vi iu tra gim st sau thu hoch ti c s ng gi: 3 ln trong
thi gian thc hin m hnh th im: ging nh p dng i vi sau thu
hoch ti cp trang tri.
o i vi iu tra gim st sau thu hoch ti c s bn bun v siu th: 3
ln trong thi gian thc hin m hnh th im: ging nh p dng i vi
sau thu hoch ti cp trang tri.
V tr ly mu: Ly mu ngu nhin theo s W cho nghin cu nh gi
iu kin sn xut, trc thu hoch v sau thu hoch, hoc ly cch nhau 5
pht cho sau thu hoch, hoc ly t trn, gia, cui ca ti sn phm ng
gi. i vi vic ly mu c chua ti rung, ngoi vic ly mu theo s W,
cn ly mu ngu nhin t ngn, gia v gc cy.

Phn 4

162
S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs

Ngay khi bo co ly mu hon thnh, S Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn
s lu mt bn ti S, gi mt bn cho phng kim nghim v gi mt bn cho
Ban Qun l d n. Bo co ly mu gi cho Phng kim nghim cn phi cho
vo phong b dn kn v gi cng vi mu. Phong b nn lng vo trong ti nha
nu c s dng ti lnh bo qun mu..
7. NG GI VN CHUYN V BO QUN MU
Vic bo qun v vn chuyn mu phi c thc hin trong iu kin m khng
lm nh hng n tnh nguyn vn ca mu. Tnh trng qu nhit c th lm
nh hng n tnh nguyn vn ca mu hoc lm hng rau, qu ti. Nhng
hng dn di y cn phi trit thc hin nhm:
Gi mu ti phng kim nghim ngay lp tc.
Nu khng gi mu ngay th cn phi bo qun mu trong t lnh. Hng
dn ny khng p dng i vi mu t.
Cn bo qun lnh mu cng nhanh cng tt vi nhit t 1-5oC trc khi
gi mu i trnh vic ny n cc mm bnh, nu c.
Chuyn mu c bo qun trong t lnh bng bao b chuyn mu c cht
liu cch nhit qua kim duyt, nh m mu s c chuyn ti phng
kim nghim vi tnh trng tt. Hng dn ny khng p dng i vi mu t.
Kch thc ca bao b ng mu phi m bo ng c tt c cc
mu.
Bao b ng mu, ti lnh, cc vt liu ng gi phi kh v sch.
Chuyn mu trong bao b c ti lnh ph hp m bo mu lun c gi
nhit 1-5oC.
Cn ch khng mu ng gi b ng li trong ti lnh. Mu b ng
li s c kh nng tiu dit cc mm bnh. Khng t ti lnh trc tip ln
mu. C th lt thm mt lp ngoi bao b ng gi mu.
Cn gi cht mu trnh mu b x dch trong bao b ng mu nhng
khng c buc qu cht trnh lm hng hoc nn cht mu trong qu trnh
vn chuyn. Nn s dng cc vt liu ph hp, giy bo hoc giy xn nh
chn.
8. KT QU PHN TCH MU
Phng kim nghim c trch nhim in kt qu phn tch vo bo co phn tch
mu v trong thi gian sm nht gi mt bn bo co kt qu cho Ban qun l
D n, mt bn cho S Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn ni ly mu. Hng
thng, cc kt qu phn tch v vi sinh vt v ho cht s c tng hp (bi
Ban QLDA, chuyn gia t vn k thut Vit Nam v Canada) v tho lun vi S
Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn c phn hi gi ti ngi sn xut v
tnh hiu qu ca vic p dng cc thc hnh sn xut nng nghip tt GAP, thc
hnh qun l tt GPM v cc quy phm thc hnh chun SOPs tng ng.

Phn 4

BIN BN LY MU
S: ...

Ngy ly mu: (dd/mm/yyyy): .......................a im:........................................


Gi: .....................................................................................................................
Thi tit: .......................................................Ch h/i din: ............................
M s ngi ly mu: .........................................................................................
Thnh vin khc trong nhm:...............................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
Ni ly mu:
Kiu ly mu:

TT

Rung im ng gi Ch u mi Ch, siu th


W

Loi mu

M t
(m s, kch thc
rung/l, cch ng
gi)

S
M s
mu

Ngu nhin

Khi
M s
lng mu thng cha

163
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

M s d n: .......................................................................................................

Phn 4

164

K hiu m ho:

S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs

Nc ti

Nc s ch

D1: t mt

T1: ao, h

S1: ao, h

D2: t tng di

T2: knh, mng

S2: knh, mng

T3: nc ngm

S3: nc ngm

T4: cui knh/ng

S4: cui knh/ng

R2: u

R3: cc loi c

Rau
R1: rau n l
R4: rau gia v

Yu cu bo qun: ..............................................................................................
Yu cu lu kho:..................................................................................................
Tun th phng php ly mu:

Khng (gii thch) ..............

.............................................................................................................................
Cc ghi ch khc .................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
Ngi ly mu:..........................Ch h/ i din:................................................
(K v ghi r h tn)

(K v ghi r h tn)

Phn 4

PH LC

TT

Thng s

Gi tr gii hn
(mg/kg t kh)

Arsen (As)

12

Cadimi (Cd)

Ch (Pb)

70

ng (Cu)

50

Km (Zn)

200

Ph lc 2: Gi tr gii hn ti a cho php ca mt s kim loi nng, vi sinh vt


gy hi trong nc ti i vi sn xut rau, qu ti (Quy nh ti QCVN 01132:2013/BNNPTNT)

TT

Thng s(2)

n v

Gi tr gii hn

Thu ngn (Hg)

mg/l

0,001

Cadimi (Cd)

mg/l

0,01

Arsen (As)

mg/l

0,05

Ch (Pb)

mg/l

0,05

Fecal. Coli

S vi khun/100ml

200

Ghi ch

i vi rau n
ti sng

165
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI

Ph lc 1: Gi tr gii hn ti a cho php ca mt s kim loi nng trong t,


gi th (Quy nh ti QCVN 01-132:2013/BNNPTNT)

TI LIU THAM KHO


Ti liu ting Anh
1. Codex Alimentarius Recommended International Code of Practice General
Principles of Food Hygiene CAC/RPC 1-1969, Rev. 4-2003
2. Asean GAP. Good agricultural practices for production of fresh fruit and
vegetables in the ASEAN region. Quality Assurance Systems for ASEAN
Fruit and Vegetables Project. ASEAN Australia Development Cooperation
Program
3. Codex Alimentarius Code of Hygienic Practice for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables CAC/RPC 53 2003
4. Guide to Minimize Microbial Food Safety Hazards for Fresh Fruit and Vegetables. U.S, Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug
Administration, October 1968.
5. Improving the Safety and Quality of Fresh Fruit and Vegetables: A Training
Manual for Trainers. University of Maryland, USA 2002
6. Interpretative Guide for ASEAN GAP Food Safety Module, Good Agricultural Practices for Production of Fresh Fruit and Vegetables in ASEAN
Countries, December 2007.
7. UM-FDA (2006). Improving the Safety and Quality of Fresh Fruit and Vegetables: a Training Manual for Trainers. University of Maryland.
8. FAO documentation on site assessment: http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/
x2570e/X2570E00.HTM/ 7 March, 2009.
9. GAP www.fao.org/prods/GAP
10. GLOBALGAP www.globalgap.org
11. CANADAGAP - www.canadagap.ca
12. PENNSTATE (2005). Commercial Vegetable Production Recommendations.
13. International Organisation for Standardization, 1979. International Standard
ISO 951: Pulses in bags Sampling.
Ti liu ting Vit
14. B Nng Lm Ng nghip c (2001). Hng dn sn xut rau qu ti
an ton nng tri (Ti liu dch).
15. B Nng nghip v PTNT (2008). VietGAP Quy trnh thc hnh nng
nghip tt cho rau, qu ti an ton ti Vit Nam ban hnh theo Quyt nh
s 379/Q-BNN-KHCN ngy 28/01/2008.
16. Lut An ton thc phm, 2010.
17. Vin Bo v thc vt (2005). K thut sn xut rau an ton. NXB Nng
nghip - H Ni.
18. QCVN 01-132:2013/BNNPTNT - Quy chun k thut quc gia i vi rau,
qu, ch bp ti iu kin bo m an ton thc phm trong qu trnh
sn xut, s ch.
19. QCVN 02:2009/BYT - Quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc sinh
hot.
20. QCVN 12:1:2011/BYT - Quy chun k thut quc gia v an ton v sinh i
vi bao b, dng c tip xc trc tip vi thc phm bng nha tng hp.

21. QCVN 12-2:2011/BYT - Quy chun quc gia v an ton v sinh i vi bao
b, dng c tip xc trc tip vi thc phm bng cao su.
22. QCVN 12-3:2011/BYT - Quy chun quc gia v an ton v sinh i vi bao
b, dng c tip xc trc tip vi thc phm bng kim loi.
23. TCVN 9016:2011 Rau ti Phng php ly mu trn rung sn xut
24. TCVN 9017:2011 Qu ti Phng php ly mu trn vn sn xut
25. TCVN 5609:2007 (ISO 1839:1980), Ch Ly mu.
26. Quyt nh s 100/2008/QD-BNN ngy 15/10/2008 ca B Nng nghip v
Pht trin nng thn v gii hn ti a cho php i vi kim loi nng trong
phn bn hu c.
27. Quyt inh s 46/2007/QD-BNN ngy 19/12/2007 ca B Y T v Gii hn
ti a cho php i vi d lng thuc bo v thc vt.

KKHXB-CXB s: 233-2013/CXB/31-21/L v Quyt nh xut bn s: 429 QLK-L ngy 12/8/2013

B ti liu k thut p dng VietGAP/GMPs


trong sn xut kinh doanh nng sn thc phm
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Chui sn xut kinh doanh tht g
S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAHP/GMPs
Chui sn xut kinh doanh tht ln
S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs
Chui sn xut kinh doanh rau, qu ti
QUY PHM THC HNH CHUN VietGAHP/GMPs
Chui sn xut kinh doanh tht g
QUY PHM THC HNH CHUN VietGAHP/GMPs
Chui sn xut kinh doanh tht ln
QUY PHM THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs
Chui sn xut kinh doanh rau ti
QUY PHM THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs
Chui sn xut kinh doanh qu ti

D N XY DNG V KIM SOT CHT LNG


NNG SN THC PHM
Cc Qun l Cht lng Nng lm sn v Thy sn
B Nng nghip v Pht trin Nng thn
a ch
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