Professional Documents
Culture Documents
S TAY
HNG DN P DNG
VietGAP/GMPs
Chui sn xut kinh doanh rau qu ti
D n c thc hin vi s ti tr ca Chnh ph Canada thng qua C quan Pht trin Quc t Canada (CIDA)
s tay
hng dn p dng
VietGAP/GMPs
Chui sn xut kinh doanh rau, qu ti
Nhm tc gi :
Phn 1
LI GII THIU
Ngy nay, vic p dng Thc hnh sn xut nng nghip tt (VietGAP) khng nhng
nhm nng cao cht lng, an ton thc phm m cn hng n pht trin nn nng
nghip bn vng. Ti liu c cu trc thnh cc phn khc nhau:
MC LC
Ni dung
Trang
T VIT TT
ATTP
BNNPTNT
BYT
BVTV
CCA
CCS
CIDA
DARD
ICM
IPM
IQMS
FAPQDCP
GAP
GMP
GPPs
SOPs
Logbook
MRLs
VietGAP
VSV
VPMU
QCVN
TCVN
TCs
HTX
Phn 1
6
S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs
PHN
Nhm tc gi
T.S Lucie Verdon
Th.S Jean Coulombe
GS.TS Nguyn Quc Vng
T.S Nguyn Kim Chin
Vi s ng gp ca
Vin Nghin cu rau qu - Vin Khoa hc Nng nghip Vit Nam
PGS.TS Trn Khc Thi
T.S T Th Thu H
Th.S Phm M Linh
Th.S Ng Th Hnh
Vin Bo v thc vt Vin Khoa hc Nng nghip Vit Nam
T.S Nguyn Trng Thnh
T.S Nguyn Th Nhung
K.S Nguyn Th Me
Th.S Nguyn Xun
Phn 1
M U
1. Mc ch ca s tay
Cun s tay ny hng dn thc hnh VietGAP cho sn xut rau Vit Nam.
Ti liu ny s gip cc nh sn xut phn tch, xc nh cc mi nguy trong sut
qu trnh sn xut, thu hoch, x l sau thu hoch v cc gii php iu chnh
m bo sn phm rau c an ton v c cht lng cao, ng thi tin n
vic cp chng nhn VietGAP.
Phn I
Phn 1
Phn 1
9
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
Tn chng
Th t iu khon
trong VietGAP ban
hnh 28/01/2008
Chng 2.
Ging rau v gc ghp
Ln v ngy sot xt
iu khon
VietGAP
Ln sot xt:
02
2.1- 2.2
Phn 1
10
S QU TRNH SN XUT,
THU HOCH V X L
SAU THU HOCH
Phn II
u vo
Tn chng
Chn lc v chun b a im sn
xut rau
t, phn bn,
cht b sung,
ngun nc
Sinh hc, ho hc
Gieo trng cy
rau
Sinh hc, ho hc
Ti nc
Nc ti, dng
c ti
Sinh hc, ho hc
Bn phn
Phn bn , nc
(bn l v theo
ng dung dch),
dng c bn
Sinh hc, ho hc
Qun l dch hi
Thuc BVTV,
nc, cng c ri
thuc
Sinh hc
Hot ng canh
tc khc
Dng c, vt liu
Sinh hc, ho hc
Qun l ng vt
Ho cht
Sinh hc, ho hc
Dng c thu
hoch, cha,
ngi thu hoch
Sn xut
Thu hoch
Loi mi nguy
1. Thu hoch
2. Lm sch
3. X l s b, phn
loi, ng gi
4. Xp, ng kin sn
phm
6. Vn chuyn
11
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
Cc bc
Phn 1
Phn 1
12
S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs
Phn III
Chng 1.
nh gi v la chn
vng sn xut
iu khon
VietGAP
Ln sot xt:
02
1.1- 1.2
Mi nguy
Ha hc
D lng
ha cht bo
v thc vt
(BVTV) v
cc ho cht
khc vt
mc cho
php
Ngun gc
-
t, nc trong khu vc
canh tc b nhim thuc
BVTV (Tn d t trc sn
xut do cc loi thuc BVTV
c kh nng tn ti lu di,
bn vng trong t: nh
nhm ln hu c, phospho
hu c; do b r r ho cht,
thuc BVTV khu vc lin
k).
-V
ng t trng, ngun nc
b nhim cc cht c ho
hc bn vng t cc my
mc thit b trong khu vc
sn xut hoc ho cht t
khu cng nghip, bnh vin
lin k
- Cy rau c th ht t t,
nc, tip xc v lu gi ho
cht lm d lng ho cht
trong sn phm c nguy c
cao hn ngng ti a cho
php (MRLs)
- Ho cht BVTV v ho cht
khc c th gy ng c cp
tnh v mn tnh cho ngi
v vt nui, c bit:
+ Cc thuc nhm ln hu c
v Cac-ba-mt gy c cp
tnh cao
+ Cc thuc clo hu c bn
vng gy nhiu bnh mn
tnh
+ Nhiu thuc BVTV khc gy
ri lon ni tit t gy nhiu
bnh nguy him cho con
ngi
- Nhm rau n c c nguy c
nhim cao hn cc loi rau
khc
II
Sinh hc
Vi sinh vt
gy bnh
(E. Coli, Salmonella .....)
- t, nc trong vng sn
xut b nhim vi sinh vt t
ngun nc thi chn nui,
nc thi sinh hot, bnh vin,
khu cng nghip ...
Vt k sinh
(Giun, sn,
ng vt
nguyn
sinh...)
- t, nc khu vc la chn
sn xut b nhim nc thi
sinh hot, khu chn nui
13
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
-H
m lng kim loi nng cao - Cy rau c th ht kim loi
tn d trong t, nc khu
nng hoc sn phm rau tip
vc canh tc do c sn hoc
xc vi t nhim kim loi
bn phn nhiu c cha kim
nng c nguy c lm cho
loi nng trong thi gian di.
hm lng kim loi nng
-N
gun kim loi nng pht thi
trong sn phm cao hn mc
ra t khu vc cng nghip,
cho php.
dn c v ng giao thng - K
im loi nng cao trong c
lin k (qua nc thi, khng
th c th gy ng c cp
kh).
tnh nng hoc gy c mn
tnh (ph v h thng min
dch, vim khp v cc ni
tng,)
Phn 1
Phn 1
14
- La chn vng sn xut rau phi m bo iu kin sinh thi ti u cho mi
loi.
- Nh sn xut cn lp bn v vng t la chn cho sn xut rau trong
c phn nh cc l sn xut, khu vc s ch, nh kho, khu vc ho
cht...
- Tm hiu lch s ca vng sn xut, mc ch s dng trc y l g, cc
hot ng c kh nng gy nhim ln t trng v nc ti khng?;
loi cy trng trc l g?
- T chc ly mu t, nc theo phng php hin hnh v c thc hin
bi ngi ly mu qua o to, cp chng ch. Mu c gi phn tch,
nh gi v cc ch tiu ha hc, sinh hc ti cc phng phn tch c nng
lc v c so snh vi mc ti a cho php v iu kin sn xut an ton
ti Ph lc 1, 2 ca QCVN 01-132:2013/BNNPTNT (Trch dn ti Ph lc 1 v
2 ca S tay ny).
Nu kt qu phn tch cho thy mc nhim ca vng sn xut vt mc
ti a cho php th:
+ Tm hiu nguyn nhn,
+ Xc nh bin php x l thch hp nhm gim thiu ri ro (c th thng
qua t vn ca chuyn gia k thut),
+ Nu khng c kh nng kim sot c nhim theo nh gi ca chuyn
gia k thut th khng la chn vng t .
- Cc bin php lm gim mi nguy sinh hc ln vng sn xut:
+ Cch ly vng sn xut vi khu vc chn th vt nui, chung tri chn
nui. Bin php tt nht l khng chn th vt nui trong vng sn xut v
trong cht thi ca vt nui c nhiu cc sinh vt c kh nng gy nhim
ngun t v nc ti.
+ Nu bt buc phi chn nui th phi c chung tri v c bin php x
l cht thi ( hoai mc, s dng vi sinh vt hu hiu EM, Biogas,)
m bo khng gy nhim mi trng sn xut v sn phm sau khi thu
hoch.
1.3. Ghi chp h s
Thc hin theo S hng dn ghi chp.
Ln sot xt:
02
2.1- 2.2
TT
Mi nguy
Ha hc
Ngun gc
Ging cy rau c
x l ho cht khng
an ton
15
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
iu khon
VietGAP
Phn 1
Chng 2.
Ging rau v gc ghp
Phn 1
Chng 3.
Qun l t v gi th
16
S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs
iu khon
VietGAP
Ln sot xt:
02
3.1- 3.4
TT
Mi nguy
Ngun gc
Ho hc
(D lng
thuc ho
hc v cc
ho cht
khc trong
t)
- S dng thuc ho hc
khng ph hp, ng cch
li d lng trong t
- Vt b bao b khng
ng quy nh; ngu
nhin hoc r r ho cht,
nhin liu vo t
Cy rau c th hp th ho cht
tn d trong t hoc sn phm
rau tip xc trc tip vi t v
c th b nhim ho hc.
Nguy c cao hn i vi rau n
c.
Hm lng
cc kim loi
nng (As, Pb,
Cd, Hg)
Cc sinh vt
gy bnh
(Vi khun,
vi rt v k
sinh)
Vt k sinh
(Giun, sn,
ng vt
nguyn
sinh...)
nh gi mi nguy
Hng nm, phi tin hnh nh gi
cc mi nguy tim n trong t v gi
th, bao gm cc mi nguy sinh hc
v ho hc. Vic nh gi mi nguy
c thc hin bng cch phn tch
hin trng vng trng, nu c nguy c
cao cn ly mu t v gi th mt
cch i din kim nghim, lm c
s nh gi mc nhim ho hc
v sinh hc ca chng so vi quy nh
hin hnh.
Nh sn xut tham kho v mc ti
a cho php i vi cc loi nhim
kim loi nng trong t nh trong
Chng 1.
X l vi mi nguy
Khi xut hin cc mi nguy vt
gii hn cho php nh sn xut phi
x l theo bin php tng t nh
Chng 1.
3.3. Ghi chp h s
Thc hin theo S hng dn ghi chp.
17
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
Phn 1
Phn 1
Chng 4.
Phn bn v cht bn b sung
18
S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs
iu khon
VietGAP
Ln sot xt:
02
4.1 - 4.7
Mi nguy
Ngun gc
Hm
lng kim
loi nng
cao (As,
Pb, Cd,
Hg,)
Hm lng + t c hm lng m
Nitrat cao
(thng l m hu c)
+ Bn phn cha m (k
c hu c v v c) qu
mc hoc bn mun
Do ngun nitrat di do nn cy
rau hp th qu nhiu n mc
d tha lm cho hm lng nitrat
c tch lu cao trong sn phm
thu hoch. iu ny thng xy
ra cc loi rau n l, n thn,
n hoa do phn thu hoch l phn
non, cha nhiu m mm.
Cc sinh
vt gy
bnh (vi
khun,
vi rt, k
sinh)
S dng phn bn
i vi phn hu c:
- Ch bn phn bn hu c c x l trit ; bn trc tip vo t, bn sm
v vi kn t (nu khng ph kn c th lm nhim phn lin k do tri dt
theo gi, ma);
i vi phn v c: cn bn liu lng theo quy trnh k thut cho mi loi
rau, ring phn m trnh bn qu mc v dng bn trc khi thu hoch t
nht 10 ngy.
Cc dng c bn phn v cht bn b sung phi c duy tr trong tnh
trng hot ng tt, sau khi s dng phi c v sinh v phi c bo
dng thng xuyn. Cc dng c chuyn dng lin quan n nh lng
phn bn phi c kim nh bi cn b k thut chuyn trch t nht mi
nm mt ln.
X l phn chung v tn d thc vt ti trang tri
- Trng hp khng t sn xut phn hu c, phi c h s ghi r tn v a
ch ca t chc, c nhn v thi gian cung cp, s lng, chng loi, phng
php x l.
- Trong trng hp t sn xut phn hu c t phn chung v tn d thc
vt: phi x l theo phng php c th ti Quy phm thc hnh chun v
phn bn hu c ti trang tri. Ni cha v x l phn bn phi c xy
dng cch ly vi khu vc sn xut, s ch v c vt liu che/ph kn sao cho
nc phn t ni x l khng chy vo ngun nc cp cho sn xut hoc
nh hng n khu vc khc.
4.3. Ghi chp h s
Thc hin theo S hng dn ghi chp.
19
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
Phn 1
Phn 1
Chng 5.
Ngun nc
20
S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs
iu khon
VietGAP
Ln sot xt:
02
5.1 - 5.4
Mi nguy
Ngun gc
Ho hc
(ho cht,
thuc
BVTV, kim
loi nng)
+ Ti nc b nhim kim
loi nng th cy s hp th
qua b r v tch lu trong
cc phn n c. Cc loi
rau n c c nguy c b
nhim cao hn rau n l,
n qu.
+ Ti nc b nhim
trc tip vo cc phn n
c gn ngy thu hoch.
+ Ra sn phm bng
nc b nhim.
Rau n l c nguy c b
nhim cao hn.
Cc sinh
vt gy
bnh (vi
khun,
vi rt, k
sinh)
21
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
Rau n l c nguy c
nhim sinh hc t nc
ti cao hn rau n qu, n
c v b mt t nhin ca
nhiu loi khng ng u
v c th lu gi m, vi
sinh vt gy bnh. Mt s
loi rau, c, qu n sng
nguy c nhim sinh hc
t nc cao so vi rau nu
chn.
Phn 1
+ Nc mt t cc ao, h c th
nhim vi sinh vt (xc cht, phn
ca chim, chut, gia sc).
+ Nc t cc ging khoan c th
b nhim vi sinh vt do qu trnh
ra tri t cc khu vc nhim.
+ Nc x l sau thu hoch c
cp t ngun nc sinh hot b
nhim
+ Nc b nhim t nc thi
cha qua x l
Phn 1
22
Chng 6.
Thuc bo v thc vt
v ha cht khc
iu khon
VietGAP
Ln sot xt:
02
6.1 - 6.19
Mi nguy
Thuc
BVTV
Cc ho
cht khc
Ngun gc
li d lng trong sn
phm rau
S dng cn b chuyn mn
Ty theo qui m sn xut quyt nh vic thu, hp ng vi cn b k
thut c chuyn mn s dng thuc BVTV.
Trng hp cn la chn cc loi thuc BVTV v ha cht iu ha sinh
trng cho ph hp (dch hi mi, dch hi chng thuc, thuc mi) cn c
kin ca ngi c chuyn mn v lnh vc BVTV.
p dng bin php canh tc tng hp (ICM) v qun l dch hi tng hp
(IPM)
Cn p dng cc bin php qun l dch hi tng hp (IPM), qun l cy trng
tng hp (ICM) nhm hn ch ti a vic s dng thuc BVTV:
+ S dng ti a v hi ha cc bin php phi ha hc trong qun l dch hi
(bin php ging chng chu, bin php canh tc, bin php th cng c
gii, bin php sinh hc);
+ Khi cn thit phi s dng thuc BVTV cn s dng cc thuc c tnh chn
lc, c thp, nhanh phn gii trong mi trng v c thi gian cch ly
ngn.
+ c bit i vi cc loi rau ngn ngy (ci xanh, ci ngt, ci cc,...)
v cc loi rau thu hoch lin tc (c chua, da chut, mp ng, u
qu,...) phi ch trng chn thuc nhanh phn gii, nn dng thuc sinh
hc, tho mc x l dch hi vo thi k gn ngy thu hoch v phi trit
m bo thi gian cch ly.
Mua v tip nhn thuc BVTV
- Ch mua thuc BVTV t cc ca
hng c giy php kinh doanh
thuc BVTV trnh mua phi
thuc km phm cht, thuc gi,
thuc c c cao, thuc ht
hn s dng
- Ch mua v tip nhn thuc BVTV
trong danh mc c php s
dng cho tng loi rau ti Vit Nam.
23
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
Phn 1
Phn 1
24
Danh mc thuc BVTV c B Nng nghip v PTNT ban hnh hng nm.
Danh mc ny c th tm thy trong trang website ca Cc BVTV
(www.ppd.gov.vn) hoc B Nng nghip v PTNT (www.mard.gov.vn).
25
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
Phn 1
26
Nguyn nhn cua vic lai d lng thuc BVTV qua mc trong rau c th
l:
Phn 1
ng thi r sot qu trnh s dng thuc v trnh t trong quy phm s dng
thuc BVTV.
Trong trng hp ny, nhng hnh ng sa sai phi c thc hin ngay
ngn nga ti xut hin vic nhim:
o to li cng nhn
Kim tra thit b ong, o thuc, dung cu phun thuc,...
Cac s c xay ra va cac hanh ng khc phuc cn phai c ghi chep lai
chng to rng c s san xut, trang trai a tin hanh sa, khc phuc li. Vic
ghi chep nay cung se giup nha san xut, c quan kim tra xem xet cac vn
xay ra trong qua kh.
6.3. Ghi chp h s
Thc hin theo S hng dn ghi chp.
Ln sot xt:
02
7.1 - 7.7
Mi nguy
Ha hc
D lng
ha cht
x l sau
thu hoch,
ho cht
bo qun,
du m,
II
Sinh hc
Vi sinh vt
gy bnh
nh Shigella spp,
Salmonella
spp; virus
vim gan
A,...
Vt k sinh
nh giun,
sn,...
Ngun gc
Sn phm b nhim ho
cht do tn d ha cht sau
x l sau thu hoch, do tip
xc vi cc thng cha,
dng c, bao b, khng
m bo v sinh
27
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
iu khon
VietGAP
Phn 1
Chng 7.
Thu hoch v
x l sau thu hoch
Phn 1
28
S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs
III
Vt l
Cc vt l
nh t,
, mnh
thu tinh,
g, kim
loi, nha,
trang
sc,
Cc vt l ln vo sn
phm trong qu trnh thu
hoch, x l sau thu hoch,
ng gi, bo qun, vn
chuyn.
29
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
Phn 1
Bo qun v s dng
Thit b, dng c v cc loi vt liu ng gi phi c bo qun ti khu vc
cch ly vi cc loi ha cht nng nghip v c cc bin php ngn nga s
xm nhp ca ng vt gy hi (phn v nc gii ca cc loi gm nhm v
chim), bi bn. Cc bin php ngn nga ng vt gy hi c th l t by,
b, t cc thng cha v cc vt liu cch khi nn t hoc sn nh, che
chn dng c, thit b khi khng s dng. Cc vt liu ng gi s dng li
nh gi tre, thng g hoc thng nha ch c s dng trong cc khu thu
hoch, ng gi, dch chuyn v bo qun sn phm.
30
Phn 1
vic vn chuyn, ng gi rau ti. Chng phi trong tnh trng s dng tt
trnh ly nhim vt l cho sn phm.
31
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
7.2.5. Vn chuyn
Sn phm c th b nhim vi sinh do phng tin vn chuyn trc c s
dng vn chuyn phn chung hoc sn phm b h hng, thi ra. nhim
vi sinh cng c th xy ra do cc thng cha sn phm tip xc trc tip vi
cc thng cha khng m bo v sinh v s dng phng tin vn chuyn gia
sc, gia cm vn chuyn rau ti.
Phn 1
Nh v sinh
Phi c nh v sinh ph hp cho ngi lao ng s dng khi thu hoch ng gi
ti vn trng.
Phn 1
Chng 8.
Qun l v x l cht thi
32
S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs
iu khon
VietGAP
Ln sot xt:
02
8.1
Mi nguy
Ngun gc
Ho hc
Sinh hc
Tn d thc vt thng l
ni cha nhiu vi sinh vt
v k sinh gy bnh cho con
ngi v l ngun gy ra
cc mi nguy v sinh hc
cho sn phm.
Cc vi sinh vt gy bnh t
ngun cht thi ca khu vc
v sinh gy nhim vng
sn xut, s ch v nhim
ln sn phm.
Vt l
Phn 1
33
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
Phn 1
Chng 9.
Ngi lao ng
34
S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs
iu khon
VietGAP
Ln sot xt:
02
8.1
35
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
Phn 1
Phn 1
36
Chng 10.
Ghi chp, lu tr h s, truy
nguyn ngun gc v thu hi
sn phm
iu khon
VietGAP
Ln sot xt:
03
10.1-10.9
37
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
- Sn phm phi c ghi nhn gip vic truy nguyn ngun gc c
d dng. Nhn hng ha cn c cc thng tin c bn phc v cho vic truy
nguyn ngun gc nh sau:
+ Tn sn phm
+ Khi lng
+ L sn xut/Ngy sn xut
+ Tn gi, a ch n v sn xut
+ Hng dn s dng, bo qun
- Thng cha sn phm phi c nhn truy xut c ngun gc ti trang
tri. Cn c bin php phn bit thng cha sn phm vn chuyn n ni
tiu th vi thng cha sn phm khi thu hoch.
- Nhn thng cha hoc nhn sn phm cn c lm bng vt liu chng
thm nc trnh b bong, rch.
- Nu c nhiu a im sn xut trong cng mt trang tri, k hiu ca mi a
im sn xut cn c ghi r trn nhn thng cha c th thc hin truy
xut n tng a im sn xut. Nu c sn phm ca nhiu trang tri khc
nhau, tn hoc m s ca mi trang tri phi c ghi r trn nhn thng
cha truy xut c ngun gc sn phm.
Phn 1
Phn 1
38
Chng 11.
Kim tra ni b
iu khon
VietGAP
Ln sot xt:
02
11.1-11.3
Ln sot xt:
02
12.1-12.2
39
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
iu khon
VietGAP
Phn 1
Chng 12.
Khiu ni v gii quyt
khiu ni
Phn 2
40
S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs
PHN
Nhm tc gi
T.S Lucie Verdon
Th.S Jean Coulombe
GS.TS Nguyn Quc Vng
T.S Nguyn Kim Chin
Vi s ng gp ca
Vin Nghin cu rau qu - Vin Khoa hc Nng nghip Vit Nam
PGS.TS Trn Khc Thi
T.S T Th Thu H
Th.S Phm M Linh
Th.S Ng Th Hnh
Vin Bo v thc vt Vin Khoa hc Nng nghip Vit Nam
T.S Nguyn Trng Thnh
T.S Nguyn Th Nhung
K.S Nguyn Th Me
Th.S Nguyn Xun
Phn 2
M U
1. Mc ch ca s tay
Cun s tay ny hng dn thc hnh VietGAP cho sn xut qu Vit Nam.
Ti liu ny s gip cc nh sn xut phn tch, xc nh cc mi nguy trong sut
qu trnh sn xut, thu hoch, x l sau thu hoch v cc gii php iu chnh
m bo sn phm qu c an ton v c cht lng cao, ng thi tin n
vic cp chng nhn VietGAP.
Phn I
41
Phn 2
42
Phn 2
43
Chng 2.
Cy ging v gc ghp
Ln v ngy sot xt
iu khon
VietGAP
Ln sot xt:
02
2.1- 2.2
Tn chng
Th t iu khon
trong VietGAP ban
hnh 28/01/2008
Phn 2
S QU TRNH SN XUT,
THU HOCH
44
S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs
Phn II
u vo
Loi mi nguy
t, phn bn,
cht b sung,
ngun nc
Sinh hc, ho hc
Trng cy
Khng c mi nguy
Ti nc
Nc ti, dng
c ti nc
Sinh hc
Bn phn
Phn bn, nc
(qua l v phn
bn dng lng), cc
dng c bn phn
Sinh hc, ho hc
Phng tr dch
hi
Thuc BVTV,
nc, dng c
phun xt
Ho hc, sinh
hc (qua nc s
dng)
Cc bin php
canh tc khc
Dng c, nguyn
liu
Khng c mi nguy
Kim sot ng vt
Phn, nc tiu
Sinh hc, ho hc
Dng c thu
hoch, cha,
ngi thu hoch
Sn xut
Thu hoch
u vo
Loi mi nguy
Thu hoch
C ra v sinh
Sinh hc, ho hc
Sp xp v phn loi
Dng c, cha v
nhn cng
Sinh hc
ng gi (ti vn
trng hoc nh ng
gi)
Vt liu ng gi,
cha ng v nhn cng
Vn chuyn
45
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
Cc bc
Phn 2
Phn 2
46
S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs
Phn III
Chng 1.
nh gi v la chn vng
sn xut
iu khon
VietGAP
Ln sot xt:
02
1.1- 1.2
Mi nguy
Ngun
Ha hc
Tn d
ca thuc
BVTV v
cc ho
cht nng
nghip
khc trong
vng sn
xut vt
ngng
cho php
- t trng v nc ti b
nhim tn d thuc BVTV t cy
trng trc hoc do d r
- Cy n qu c th hp thu
ho cht t t, nc v
c th gy ra tch lu vt
ngng cho php trong sn
phm.
- Thuc BVTV (nhm ln hu
c v carbamat, clo hu c)
v ho cht khc c th gy
ng c cp tnh hoc mn
tnh cho con ngi v ng
vt nui.
Sinh hc
Cc loi
VSV
(Ecoli, Salmonella,
vv.,)
t v nc khu vc sn xut
b nhim vi VSV t ngun
nc thi chn nui, sinh hot,
bnh vin v rc thi cng
nghip v.v..
47
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
II
Phn 2
Kim loi
nng (Ch,
Cadimi,
Thu ngn,
Asen, v.v..)
v ho
cht khc
(du nht,
du my,
v.v)
Phn 2
48
S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs
Ln sot xt:
02
2.1- 2.2
Khng c mi nguy an ton thc phm c pht hin t vic s dng ging
v gc ghp trong sn xut cy n qu. Tuy nhin, tun th cc yu cu ca
VietGAP cn thc hin nh sau:
2.1. La chn ging cy n qu v gc ghp
Cc ging cy n qu, cnh gim, gc ghp, mt ghp cn c la chn t
nhng vn m, cy m c nhn ging v trng m bo sch bnh.
Nu cy ging c sn xut ti trang tri th ngi sn xut cn lu s dng
ho cht an ton cp phn Ho cht trong thc hnh sn xut nng nghip
tt.
Nu cy ging c mua t bn ngoi cn la chn nhng vn m, trang tri
sn xut c qun l tt v vic s dng ho cht. Khng s dng ging khng
r ngun gc.
2.2. Ghi chp thng tin v ging v gc ghp
Nu ngun gc sn xut ti ch, cn ghi chp li cc thng tin lin quan n ho
cht s dng, l do s dng i chiu trong qu trnh sn xut v y cng l
yu cu bt buc ca VietGAP. Trong trng hp mua ngoi, cn ghi chp thng
tin lin quan n ngi cung cp, c im ca ging v lu gi ti trang tri
phc v cho vic truy xut ngun gc nu nhim vi rt hoc bt c sai st no
(VD: khng ng ging) c pht hin.
Thc hin theo S hng dn ghi chp.
49
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
iu khon
VietGAP
Phn 2
Chng 2.
Ging v gc ghp
Phn 2
Chng 3.
Qun l t
50
S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs
iu khon
VietGAP
Ln sot xt:
02
3.1- 3.4
Ngun
C ch/phng thc
nhim
Ho cht
(Tn d
ca thuc
BVTV v
ho cht
khc trong
t)
Cy n qu c th hp thu
tn d ho cht trong t
hoc tri cy c th tip xc
trc tip vi t v do b
nhim.
Kim loi
nng (As,
Pb, Cd,
Hg)
Vi sinh vt
(Vi khun,
virus v
vt k
sinh)
No.
51
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
Phn 2
Phn 2
Chng 4.
Phn bn v cht bn b sung
52
S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs
iu khon
VietGAP
Ln sot xt:
02
4.1- 4.7
Mi nguy
Ngun gc
S tp
trung
mc cao
ca cc
kim loi
nng (As,
Pb, Cd,
Hg, )
S c mt ca kim loi
nng trong phn bn v
cht bn b sung s lm
tng hm lng kim loi
nng trong t. Cy trng
c th ht cc cht ny v
tch lu trong sn phm
Vi sinh vt
(Vi khun,
virut v vt
k sinh)
Phn bn v nc ri ca ng
vt v con ngi khng c x l
hoc x l cha trit cha nhiu
vi sinh vt gy bnh.
Phn 2
53
Khng s dng phn gia sc, cht thi hu c cha qua x l trong sn xut cy
n qu v chng c th cha cc loi nm bnh v VSV.
Phn 2
Chng 5.
Ngun nc
54
S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs
iu khon
VietGAP
Ln sot xt:
02
5.1- 5.4
Mi nguy
Ngun
C ch ly nhim
Ho hc
(ho cht,
thuc
BVTV, kim
loi nng)
+ Ti nc b nhim trc
tip vo cc phn n c
gn ngy thu hoch.
+ Ra sn phm bng nc
b nhim.
+ Cy hp th qua b r
nc ti b nhim kim
loi nng v tch lu trong
cc phn n c ca tri
cy.
Cc sinh
vt gy
bnh (vi
khun, vi
rt, k sinh
trng)
+ Nc t sng, sui c th b
nhim vi sinh vt gy bnh nu
chy qua khu vc chung tri chn
nui, chn th gia sc, khu cha
rc thi sinh hot hoc khu dn c.
+ Nc mt t cc ao, h c th
b nhim t xc cht, phn ca
chim, chut, gia sc.
+ Nc t cc ging khoan c th
b nhim vi sinh vt do qu trnh
ra tri t cc khu vc nhim.
+ Nc b nhim t ngun nc
thi cha qua x l
+ Tip xc phn n c
ca tri cy vi: (i) nc
ti b nhim VSV gn
ngy thu hoch (ii) nc b
nhim vi sinh trong qu
trnh lm sch sn phm.
5.2.1. nh gi ngun nc
55
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
Kim tra v nh gi
Vic nh gi cc mi nguy phi c thc hin i vi ngun nc, h thng
dn nc cc cng trnh cha nc tu theo mc ch s dng. Nhng mi nguy
tim tng cn c ch gm: s xut hin ca ng vt chn th gn ngun
nc cp; s xm nhp khng c kim sot ca ng vt nui hoc hoang d;
phn chung khng ng quy nh; cc hot ng cng nghip; ngp ng,
ra tri hoc r r ca cc ho cht nng nghip, cng nghip; h thng rc thi
hoc nc thi gn ngun nc hoc bt c ngun gy nhim no c pht
hin.
Phn 2
Phn 2
56
S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs
Ln sot xt:
02
6.1 6.9
C ch nhim
57
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
iu khon
VietGAP
Phn 2
Chng 6.
Thuc bo v thc vt
v ha cht
58
Ch mua v tip nhn thuc BVTV phng tr cc i tng su, bnh ca loi
cy trng c th. Danh mc cc loi thuc bo v thc vt c php s dng
c B Nng nghip v PTNT ban hnh hng nm. Cc loi thuc bo v thc
vt hn ch s dng hoc cm s dng ti Vit Nam cng c quy nh trong
danh mc ny. Nu khng th la chn c loi thuc s dng th c th
tham kho kin cn b k thut.
Phn 2
phi s dng chng loi thuc khng ph hp, hoc d lng qu mc trn
sn phm.
59
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
6.1.3. p dng bin php qun l cy trng (ICM) v qun l dch hi tng
hp (IPM)
Cn p dng cc bin php qun l su bnh tng hp (IPM), qun l cy trng
tng hp (ICM) nhm hn ch vic s dng ho cht BVTV.
+ S dng ti a v hi ha cc bin php phi ha hc trong qun l dch hi
(bin php ging chng chu, bin php canh tc, bin php th cng c gii,
bin php sinh hc).
+ Khi cn thit phi s dng ha cht cn s dng cc thuc chn lc, c
c thp, nhanh phn gii trong mi trng, c thi gian cch ly ngn.
+ i vi nhng loi qu thu hoch lin tc (to, nho v.v ) phi ch trng chn
thuc nhanh phn gii, tt nht l dng cc loi thuc sinh hc x l dch
hi vo thi k gn ngy thu hoch. Phi trit m bo thi gian cch ly.
Phn 2
cc thng tin trn nhn ca bao b bo qun gc trnh vic s dng khng
ng hng dn cua tng loai thuc.
Cc loi thuc bo v thc vt cn c bo qun thnh tng nhm ring bit
trnh nhm ln v thun tin cho s dng. Cn m bo nguyn tc cc
loi thuc dng bt c bo qun bn trn cc loi thuc dng lng. Nn
phn ra cc khu vc cha tng nhm thuc tr su, tr c v ha cht khc
trnh s dng nhm ln.
Phi tin hnh vic kim tra, kim k ton b cac loai thuc ang c bo
qun trong kho vi tn sut ph hp m bo rng cc loi thuc ny
vn c php s dng v cn hn s dng, cn nguyn v bao b. Cc
loi thuc ht hn s dng, khng c bao b, khng c php s dng phi
c thu gom li bo qun ring ch tiu hy.
Nu pht hin cc loi thuc BVTV qu hn s dng, khng th s dng na
th phi c thu gom bo qun ring ch tiu hy. C th bo qun ngay
trong kho cha thuc BVTV nhng cn ghi r thng tin trn nhn l thuc
qu hn s dng.
trnh nhim trc tip hoc gin tip n cc sn phm trong trang tri,
cc loi thuc BVTV ht hn s dng, khng c php s dng tip phi
c thu gom v x l theo ng cc quy nh ca Vit Nam (thng qua cc
c quan, t chc c thm quyn).
60
Phn 2
s dng co th dn ti vic ln thuc BVTV trong cac ln phun khac nhau, hoc
vic hn hp cac loai thuc khng co chu inh va khng ung liu lng.
61
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
Nguyn nhn cua vic lai d lng thuc BVTV qua mc trong san phm trai
cy c th l:
Phn 2
inh nguyn nhn bng vic truy xut ngun gc cua l hang (xac inh trang
trai, vn san xut,...) va t o xem xet nhng im c th xut hin mi nguy
nhim, ng thi r sot qu trnh s dng thuc v trnh t trong quy phm s
dng thuc BVTV.
Phn 2
62
C ch nhim
li d lng ha cht trong sn
phm
Ln sot xt:
02
7.1- 7.7
TT.
I
Mi nguy
Ngun
C ch ly nhim
Sn phm b nhim ho
cht do tn d ha cht
sau x l sau thu hoch,
do tip xc vi cc thng
cha, dng c, bao b,
khng m bo v sinh
Ha hc
D lng
ha cht x
l sau thu
hoch, ho
cht bo
qun, du
m,
II
Sinh hc
Vi sinh
vt gy
bnh nh
Shigella spp,
Salmonella
spp; virus
vim gan
A,...
Vt k sinh
nh giun,
sn,...
63
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
7.1.
iu khon
VietGAP
Phn 2
Chng 7.
Thu hoch v
x l sau thu hoch
Phn 2
64
S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs
III
Vt l
Cc vt l
nh t, ,
mnh thu
tinh, g, kim
loi, nha,
trang
sc,
Cc vt l ln vo sn
phm trong qu trnh
thu hoch, x l sau thu
hoch, ng gi, bo
qun, vn chuyn.
Phn 2
Bo qun v s dng
Thit b, dng c v cc loi vt liu ng gi phi c bo qun ti khu vc
cch ly vi cc loi ha cht nng nghip v c cc bin php ngn nga s xm
nhp ca ng vt gy hi (phn v nc gii ca cc loi gm nhm v chim),
bi bn. Cc bin php ngn nga ng vt gy hi c th l t by, b, t cc
thng cha v cc vt liu cch khi nn t hoc sn nh, che chn dng c,
thit b khi khng s dng. Cc vt liu ng gi s dng li nh gi tre, thng
g hoc thng nha ch c s dng trong cc khu thu hoch, ng gi, dch
chuyn v bo qun sn phm.
65
Phn 2
66
S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs
67
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
Phn 2
7.2.4. Vn chuyn
Sn phm c th b nhim vi sinh do phng tin vn chuyn trc c s
dng vn chuyn phn chung hoc sn phm b h hng, thi ra. nhim
vi sinh cng c th xy ra do cc thng cha sn phm tip xc trc tip vi
cc thng cha khng m bo v sinh v s dng phng tin vn chuyn gia
sc, gia cm vn chuyn qu ti.
Phn 2
Chng 8.
Qun l v x l cht thi
68
S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs
iu khon
VietGAP
Ln sot xt:
02
8.1
Mi nguy
C ch ly nhim
Sinh hc
- Qu, tn d thc vt b h
hng.
- Cc cht hu c phn hy
dn d vi sinh vt, cn trng
v ng vt gm nhm gy
nhim sn phm.
Ha hc
- Sn phm tip xc vi
ngun gy nhim.
Nguyn nhn
Ln sot xt:
02
9.1-9.4
69
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
iu khon
VietGAP
Phn 2
Chng 9.
Ngi lao ng
Phn 2
70
S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs
Ln sot xt:
02
9.1-9.4
71
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
iu khon
VietGAP
Phn 2
Chng 10.
Ghi chp, lu tr h s, truy
nguyn ngun gc v thu hi
sn phm
Phn 2
72
Sn phm phi c ghi nhn theo quy nh gip vic truy nguyn ngun gc
c d dng. Nhn sn phm cn c lm bng vt liu c bn cao, chng
thm nc trnh b bong, rch.
Cc thng tin cn c trn nhn hng ha cn c nh sau:
Tn sn phm;
Khi lng;
Ngy sn xut hoc m s l sn xut;
Tn gi, a ch c s sn xut;
Hng dn s dng, bo qun.
10.3. Truy nguyn ngun gc v thu hi sn phm
10.3.1 Truy nguyn ngun gc
Nh sn xut phi xy dng v vn hnh mt h thng truy nguyn ngun gc
cho php nhn dng c cc l sn phm v mi lin quan cc m nguyn
liu u vo, ng gi v thng tin giao hng. H thng truy nguyn ngun gc
cn nhn din c cc nguyn liu u vo t cc nh cung cp v lch trnh
s b phn phi sn phm.
Cc thng tin phc v truy nguyn nn c lu gi trong mt thi gian nht nh
phng trng hp cc sn phm khng m bo an ton hoc b thu hi.
10.3.2. Thu hi sn phm
Nu pht hin sn phm b nhim hoc c ri ro b nhim, phi dng vic phn
phi sn phm. Nu sn phm cn ang trang tri, phi cch ly sn phm v
ngng vic tip tc phn phi. V d: sn phm c th ring mt khu vc trong
nh s ch vi di ruy-bng xung quanh v vit ch khng c di chuyn.
Nu sn phm c phn phi, nh sn xut phi thng bo cho c s phn
phi v yu cu thu hi sn phm.
Nh sn xut phi tin hnh iu tra nguyn nhn nhim v thc hin hnh
ng khc phc ngn nga ti nhim. Cc bc cn thc hin nh sau:
R sot h s v cc kt qu gim st c th lin quan n nguyn nhn nhim;
Xc nh nguyn nhn sai li;
Xc nh v tin hnh cc hnh ng cn thit;
Ghi chp li kt qu ca hnh ng khc phc thc hin,
Xem xt li cc hnh ng khc phc thc hin m bo rng cc hnh
ng c hiu qu.
kp thi thu hi cc sn phm khng an ton, nh sn xut phi ch nh ngi
c trch nhim thu hi sn phm, v thng bo cho cc bn c lin quan nh c
quan qun l, khch hng hoc ngi tiu dng.
Sn phm b thu hi v cc sn phm b nhim cn tn tr ti trang tri phi
c gim st cho n khi c tiu hy hoc s dng cho mc ch khc.
Ln sot xt:
02
11.1- 11.3
73
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
iu khon
VietGAP
Phn 2
Chng 11.
Kim tra ni b
Phn 2
74
Chng 12.
Khiu ni v gii quyt
khiu ni
iu khon
VietGAP
Ln sot xt:
02
12.1 - 12.2
Phn 3
76
S TAY HNG DN P DNG VietGAP/GMPs
PHN
Nhm tc gi
T.S Nguyn Kim Chin
Th.S Ren Cardinal
Th.S Phm Minh Thu
Th.S Cao Vn Hng
77
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
Phn 3
1. Phm vi p dng
Phn 3
78
3. S cc bc thc hin
3.1. Trong nh ng gi
Cng on
u vo
Mi nguy
Tip nhn
Sinh hc, ho hc
Lau/ra (BP)
Dng c, cha v
nhn cng
Sinh hc
Vt t, ha cht x l v
nhn cng
Sinh hc, ho hc
Lm lnh ch p dng
i vi cc nh ng gi
trung gian (B)
Sinh hc
Vt t, ha cht lm chn
qu
Ho hc, vt l
Vn chuyn
Phn 3
3.2. Ti ch u mi v siu th
79
u vo
Mi nguy
Tip nhn
Dng c thu
hoch, cha
ng, nhn cng
Sinh hc
Ho hc
Vt l
Kim tra
Sinh hc
Ho hc
Sn phm c th
khng c chp
nhn
Sn phm
c chp
nhn
Phn loi/tuyn
chn/ct ta(BP)
Dng c, cha
v nhn cng
Vt l, Sinh hc
Lau/ ra/(BP)
Dng c,
cha, ha cht v
nhn cng
Sinh hc
Ho hc
Vt l
To m cho sn
phm (BC)
iu kin to m,
Ha cht v nhn
cng
Sinh hc
Ho hc
Lm chn i vi
c chua v ch
yu l qu ti siu
th
Vt t, ha cht
lm chn qu
Ho hc
Vt l
Vn chuyn
Phng tin vn
chuyn (phng
tin, thit b)
Sinh hc
Ho hc
Vt l
Bo qun tm
thi (BC)
Cng on
Phn 3
80
4. C s
C s phi p ng cc yu cu v an ton v sinh thc phm theo quy nh
hin hnh ca Vit Nam trong s ch v phn phi rau qu ti.
4.1. La chn a im
a im t c s phi cch xa mt s khu vc sau:
c mi trng nhim, c cc hot ng cng nghip c kh nng gy
nhim nghim trng n rau qu ti;
c kh nng b ng ngp;
c nguy c xm nhim sinh vt gy hi;
c cht thi rn hoc lng khng th loi b c.
4.2. Thit k v xy dng
Thit k v b tr nh xng phi m bo thun li cho cc thc hnh v sinh
tt, bao gm bin php bo v chng nhim cho trong ton b qu trnh s ch
v x l sn phm.
4.3. Kt cu v lp t
Kt cu bn trong nh xng cn c xy lp bng cc vt liu c bn cao,
thun li cho vic bo dng, v sinh v kh trng khi cn thit. c bit, kt cu
nh xng cn p ng mt s iu kin c th nh sau bo m VSATTP
cho rau qu ti:
B mt tng, vch ngn v sn cn c lm bng vt liu khng thm
nc, khng gy c ln sn phm;
Tng v vch ngn phi c trn nhn v chiu cao ph hp m bo
vn hnh thun li;
Sn c xy lp m bo thot nc tt v v sinh thun li;
Trn v gc treo c lp t m bo hn ch hnh thnh bi bn, tch t
mng bm, v ri vi bi bn;
Ca s cn c thit k m bo d v sinh, hn ch hnh thnh bi bn;
Mt s v tr cn thit cn lp li chn cn trng d v sinh, c th tho lp
hoc lp c nh;
Ca ra vo nn thit k b mt nhn khng thm nc v d dng v sinh,
kh trng khi cn thit;
i vi khu vc lm vic khp kn, h thng thng gi cn c v sinh loi
b nc ng v bi bn kt bm lu ngy
Khu vc lm vic khp kn s dng h thng qut lm mt sn phm, cn c
bit ch trnh gy nhim cho dng khng kh ly t bn ngoi, in hnh
i vi khng kh ti cc khu cha ng rc thi l ngun c nguy c gy
nhim cho.
Khu vc lm vic c b mt tip xc trc tip vi rau, qu ti cn thit k
vng chc ng k thut; b mt thao tc nhn, vt liu s dng trn b mt
khng thm nc, khng nh hng ti sn phm, d kh trng trong iu
kin vn hnh thng thng;
B mt thao tc cn thit k m bo d bo dng, v sinh v kh trng.
4.6. Thit b
Thit b s dng trong s ch v phn phi rau qu ti cn m bo:
c ch to t vt liu khng c;
c thit k ch to ng tnh nng s dng;
c lp t ng quy cch, d bo dng (bao gm c hiu chnh thit b),
v sinh v kh trng, iu kin thc hnh v sinh tt, bao gm c iu kin
qun l;
c thit k lp t trnh gy nhim cho rau, qu ti (i vi H thng
cung cp khng kh v hi nc lm lnh).
4.7. Nh v sinh, khu vc thay bo h lao ng, trang thit b v sinh
c nhn
- Nh v sinh phi c b tr ring bit vi khu vc san xut thc phm; ca
nha v sinh khng c m thng vao khu vc san xut; t nht phi c 01
(mt) nh v sinh cho 25 ngi.
- H thng thng gio b tri phu hp, bao am khng c thi t khu vc nh
v sinh sang khu vc sn xut; h thng thot nc phi d dng loi b cht
thi v bo m v sinh.
- C phng thay trang phc bo h lao ng trc v sau khi lm vic.
Trang thit b v sinh c nhn cn c thit k, lp t, sn c m bo thun
li cho cng tc bo dng, v sinh kh trng v p ng mt s yu cu sau:
C cc thit b ra tay, kh trng tay, ng, giy, dp trc khi vao khu vc
s ch rau, qu ti;
Ni ra tay phi cung cp y nc sch, nc st trng, khn hoc giy
lau tay s dng mt ln hay my sy kh tay;
4.8. Nc v nc
Nc s dng trong cc khu s ch, bo qun rau qu ti cn m bo QCVN
02/BYT v cht lng nc sinh hot.
Khng c s dng nc ao, h, sng, sui, tr khi c x l p ng cc
tiu chun cht lng nc quy nh.
81
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
Phn 3
82
Phn 3
Phn 3
83
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
Cch thc thc hin, bao gm cc bc thc hin khc nhau trong quy
trnh;
Thi gian v tn sut thc hin quy phm;
Cch tho lp thit b bo dng, v sinh v kh trng khi cn thit.
4.10. Bo dng, v sinh khu vc v sinh c nhn
Cc trang thit b v sinh c nhn v khu v sinh cn c gi trng thi hot
ng tt v c v sinh, kh trng m bo khng l ngun gy nhim cho
sn phm.
Phng thay ca cng nhn trong cc c s c quy m ln cn c ch lm
v sinh thng xuyn.
5.
Qun l vn hnh
Phn 3
84
6. Qun l sinh vt hi
Cc loi gy sinh vt hi mang mi nguy ln n an ton ca rau, qu ti. S
ly lan ph hoi ca cc loi gy hi c th xy ra cc khu vc chn nui v
cung cp thc phm. Do vy, phi v sinh c s v khu vc xung quanh lun
85
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
Phn 3
Thit b x l sau thu hoch (nh bnh phun thuc dit nm hoc thit b chiu
x) cn c hiu chnh thng xuyn nhm kim sot chnh xc liu lng s
dng. Bnh phun phi c ra v lm sch ti khu vc ring bit sau mi ln s
dng ha cht v trn cc loi sn phm khc nhau trnh nguy c nhim.
Phn 3
86
8. V sinh c nhn
Cng nhn v khch tham quan, b nhim bnh truyn nhim c th gy nhim
qua rau qu ti, khng c php i vo c s. Cng nhn nghi c bnh u
phi bo co ngay lp tc v tnh trng bnh hoc triu chng bnh cho ngi
qun l.
Cng nhn b nhim cc bnh nh vng da, vim gan A, tiu chy khng c
tip xc rau qu ti. Cng nhn phi c kim tra sc kho hng nm.
Cng nhn phi ra tay sch trc khi bt u ng gi v s ch sn phm,
phi ra tay ngay sau khi i v sinh, tip xc cc vt b nhim. Phi ra tay
bng x phng, lau kh bng khn sch hoc giy v sinh trc khi tip xc vi
rau, qu ti.
Cng nhn khng c ht thuc, n ung, khc nh, ht hi v ho khi thc hin
s ch rau qu ti. Khng c mng tay di v eo trang sc, ng
hkhi thao tc s ch bo qun rau qu ti.
Phn 3
Nu s dng gng tay, cng nhn phi gi cho gng tay lun trong iu kin
v sinh sch s. Chng cn c tho ra trc khi i vo phng v sinh v
li ni lm vic.
87
11. Vn chuyn
Cc phng tin vn chuyn hoc thng cha phi ph hp vi chng loi rau,
qu ti v cc iu kin km theo khi vn chuyn.
Trong cc trng hp cn thit, phng tin vn chuyn phi c thit k v
kt cu sao cho:
9. o to
Phn 4
88
S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs
PHN
Nhm tc gi
Th.S L Sn H
T.S Caroline Ct
Th.S Cao Vit H
Th.S V Tun Linh
....................
2)..............................................................................................................................................................
3)..............................................................................................................................................................
1)..............................................................................................................................................................
2)..............................................................................................................................................................
9. i din c s:
4. M s (nu c):.......................................................................................................................................................................................
3. S in thoi:..............................................................................................S Fax:................................................................................
2. a ch:....................................................................................................................................................................................................
1. Tn c s:...............................................................................................................................................................................................
Mc I
Phn 4
89
[ ]
[ ]
2 (A)
3 (A)
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
6 (A)
7 (B)
8 (B)
9 (A)
[ ]
[ ]
5 (B)
3. Qun l t v gi th
[ ]
4 (A)
2.Ging v gc ghp
[ ]
t
(Ac)
Ch tiu nh gi
1 (A)
TT
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
Nh
(Min)
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
Nng
(Ma)
Sai li
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
Nghim
trng (Se)
Kt qu nh gi sai
Khng
p dng
(N/A)
Phn 4
90
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
12
(A)
[ ]
17 (A)
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
18 (B)
19 (A)
20 (C)
[ ]
16 (A)
5. Nc ti
[ ]
11 (A)
15 (A)
[ ]
t
(Ac)
10 (B)
Ch tiu nh gi
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
Nh
(Min)
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
Nng
(Ma)
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
Nghim
trng (Se)
Khng
p dng
(N/A)
TT
Sai li
Kt qu nh gi sai
Phn 4
91
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
C thng xuyn kim tra vic thc hin quy trnh sn xut v d
lng ho cht khng?
22 (B)
23 (A)
24 (A)
25 (A)
26 (B)
27 (B)
28 (A)
29 (B)
30 (B)
[ ]
[ ]
31 (A)
32 (A)
[ ]
21 (A)
t
(Ac)
Ch tiu nh gi
TT
[ ]
[ ]
Nh
(Min)
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
Nng
(Ma)
Sai li
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
Nghim
trng (Se)
Khng
p dng
(N/A)
Kt qu nh gi sai
Phn 4
92
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
41 (A)
42 (B)
43 (B)
44 (A)
45 (A)
[ ]
[ ]
38 (A)
[ ]
[ ]
37 (A)
[ ]
36 (A)
[ ]
35 (A)
39 (A)
[ ]
34 (A)
40 (A)
[ ]
t
(Ac)
33 (A)
Ch tiu nh gi
[ ]
[ ]
Nh
(Min)
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
Nng
(Ma)
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
Nghim
trng (Se)
Khng
p dng
(N/A)
TT
Sai li
Kt qu nh gi sai
Phn 4
93
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
49 (B)
50 (B)
51 (B)
52 (C)
53 (B)
54 (A)
55 (C)
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
9. Ngi lao ng
[ ]
t
(Ac)
48 (C)
47 (A)
46 (A)
Ch tiu nh gi
TT
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
Nh
(Min)
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
Nng
(Ma)
Sai li
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
Nghim
trng (Se)
Khng
p dng
(N/A)
Kt qu nh gi sai
Phn 4
94
[ ]
C h s nh gi ni b khng?
59 (A)
60 (A)
61 (A)
62 (A)
[ ]
68 (B)
Tng hp
[ ]
67 (B)
[ ]
66 (B)
[ ]
[ ]
Ngi nh gi ni b c p ng yu cu khng?
65 (B)
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
64 (C)
63 (A)
[ ]
58 (A)
[ ]
H s lu tr c ng quy nh khng ?
56 (A)
[ ]
t
(Ac)
57 (A)
Ch tiu nh gi
[ ]
Nh
(Min)
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
Nng
(Ma)
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
Nghim
trng (Se)
Khng
p dng
(N/A)
TT
Sai li
Kt qu nh gi sai
Phn 4
95
....................., ngy
thng
nm
I DIN C S C KIM TRA
(K tn)
....................., ngy
thng
nm
TRNG ON KIM TRA
(K tn, ng du)
Ghi ch: 1)Khi nh gi ni b, cc ch tiu trong mc 1 v 11 s khng p dng v c xem nh t trong bng tng hp chung.
2) Cc ch tiu khng p dng, khng nh gi (N/A) c xem l t trong bng tng hp chung
3) Ch tiu 39 n 46 ch p dng i vi rau, qu.
Phn 4
96
I. NH NGHA CC MC LI
1. t (Ac):
2. Li nghim trng (Se): L sai lch so vi tiu chun, gy mt an ton thc
phm, nh hng ti sc kho ngi tiu dng.
3. Li nng (Ma): L sai lch so vi tiu chun, c th nh hng n
an ton thc phm, nhng cha ti mc nghim
trng.
4. Li nh (Mi): L sai lch so vi tiu chun gy tr ngi cho vic
kim sot v sinh nhng cha n mc nng.
II. HNG DN S DNG BIU MU (BIN BN) KIM TRA, NH GI
1- Khng b sung hoc b bt ni dung, mc nh gi c quy nh trong
mi ch tiu.
2- Vi mi ch tiu, ch xc nh mc nh gi ti cc ct c k hiu [ ], khng
c xc nh mc nh gi vo ct khng c k hiu [ ].
3- Dng k hiu hoc x nh du vo cc v tr mc nh gi c xc nh
i vi mi ch tiu hoc nh vo ct NA.
4- Mi mt ch tiu ch nh vo mt t (AC) hoc sai li tng ng (Mi, Ma,
Se) hoc khng p dng (N/A)
5- Din gii chi tit li hoc l do khng p ng (N/A) v thi hn c s phi khc
phc sai li.
III. HNG DN NH GI
1. nh gi v la chn vng sn xut
1.1. Ch tiu 1: Vng sn xut c ph hp vi quy hoch ca Nh nc v
a phng i vi loi cy trng d kin sn xut khng? (A- 1 mc li
nng).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP)
97
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
Phn 4
Mc II
Phn 4
98
S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs
3. QUN L T V GI TH
3.1. Ch tiu 6: tin hnh hng nm cng tc phn tch, nh gi cc nguy
c tim n v ho hc, sinh vt, vt l trong t v gi th ca vng sn
xut c th gy nhim bn sn phm cha? (A- 1 mc Nng).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; SOP, S ghi chp p
dng VietGAP)
3.1.1. Yu cu: Cc ch tiu phn tch v sinh hc, ho hc i vi t trng v
gi th khng c vt qu gii hn quy nh.
3.1.2. Phng php: Xem xt h s ghi chp cc phng php x l t (Biu
mu trong S ghi chp), kt qu phn tch t ca phng th nghim l:
3.1.3. nh gi:
Ph hp vi 3.1.1
nh gi t (Ac)
Khng ph hp vi 3.1.1
nh gi li nng (Ma) nu:
o Khng c nh gi nguy c nhim hoc
o Hm lng kim loi nng trong t vt qu mc gii hn ti a cho
php v khng c bin php x l hu hiu gim thiu nguy c
nhim cho sn phm
3.2. Ch tiu 7: c bin php chng xi mn v thoi ho t khng? (B- 2
mc li Nh v Nng).
99
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
Phn 4
Vi rau:
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; SOP, S ghi chp p
dng VietGAP)
2.1.1. Yu cu: C h s ghi chp y v cc bin php x l ging v gc
ghp t sn xut theo quy nh ca VietGAP
2.1.2. Phng php: Xem xt h s ghi chp v ging, gc ghp, khu vc vn
m v xem xt thc t, phng vn (nu cn thit) nh gi:
2.1.3. nh gi:
Ph hp vi 2.1.1.
t (Ac)
Khng ph hp vi 2.1.1.
nh gi li nh (Mi)
Phn 4
100
S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP)
3.2.1. Yu cu: C bin php chng xi mn v thoi ho t, cc bin php
c ghi chp li
3.2.2. Phng php: Xem xt h s v kim tra thc t
3.2.3. nh gi:
Ph hp vi 3.2.1
nh gi (Ac)
Khng ph hp vi 3.2.1.
nh gi: Nh (Mi) nu:
o C bng chng thc hin cc phng php ngn nga xi mn v
thoi ho t nhng khng c ghi chp
Khng ph hp vi 3.2.1.
nh gi: Nng (Ma) nu:
o Khng c bin php hu hiu ngn nga xi mn v thoi ho t.
3.3. Ch tiu 8: C chn th vt nui gy nhim t, ngun nc trong vng
sn xut khng? (B- 1 Nng).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP)
3.3.1. Yu cu: Chn th vt nui khng gy nhim cho t v nc trong
vng sn xut.
3.3.2. Phng php: nh gi, xem xt khu vc sn xut, khu vc ln cn v
phng vn (nu cn) nh gi:
3.3.3. nh gi:
Ph hp vi 3.3.1.
nh gi t (Ac)
o Chn th vt nui xy ra khi khng trng trt hoc khng chn th
vt nui
Khng ph hp vi 3.3.1.
nh gi Nng (Ma) nu:
o Chn th vt nui ti vng sn xut khi ang trng trt.
3.3. Ch tiu 9: Nu c chn th vt nui, c bin php x l bo m
khng lm nhim mi trng v sn phm cha? (A 2 Nng v
Nghim trng).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP)
3.4.1. Yu cu: C chung tri v bin php x l cht thi m bo khng lm
nhim mi trng sn phm.
3.4.2. Phng php: nh gi, xem xt ng rung, khu ln cn v phng vn
(nu cn)
3.4.3. nh gi:
Ph hp vi 3.4.1.
nh gi t (Ac)
Khng ph hp vi 3.4.1.
nh gi li nh (Mi) nu:
o C nguy c gy nhim mi trng nhng khng gy nhim cho
sn phm
Khng ph hp vi 3.4.1.
nh gi li nghim trng (Se) nu :
o C nguy c gy nhim sn phm
4. PHN BN V CHT B SUNG
4.1. Ch tiu 10: Hng nm c nh gi mi nguy gy nhim ha hc, sinh
hc do s dng phn bn khng? (B Mc li Nng (Ma).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; S ghi chp p dng
VietGAP)
4.1.1. Yu cu: Hng nm cn nh gi mi nguy gy nhim ha hc, sinh
4.3. Ch tiu 12: C s dng phn bn c nguy c nhim cao khng? (A
02 mc li nng Ma v nghim trng Se).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; S ghi chp p dng
VietGAP)
4.3.1. Yu cu: Khng s dng phn hu c truyn thng cha qua x l (
hoai mc), rc thi sinh hot v rc thi cng nghip cha qua ch bin.
Nu x l phn hu c ti ch, phi ghi li thi gian, phng php x l
v lu h s.
4.3.2. Phng php: Kim tra h s v hoc phng vn t chc, c nhn (nu
cn thit).
4.3.3. nh gi:
Ph hp vi 4.3.1:
nh gi t (Ac)
Khng ph hp vi 4.3.1
nh gi nghim trng (Se) nu:
o S dng phn ti trong sn xut rau .
Khng ph hp vi 4.3.1
nh gi Nng (Ma) nu:
o S dng phn hu c c khng ph hp, cha hoai mc
trng rau. Hoc trng hp t sn xut, cn phi c quy trnh v
x l thch hp trong thi gian nht nh (SOP v phn hu c ti
101
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
4.2. Ch tiu 11: Phn bn s dng c trong Danh mc phn bn c php
sn xut, kinh doanh v s dng ti Vit Nam khng? (A 1 mc li
nng).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; S ghi chp p dng
VietGAP)
4.2.1. Yu cu: Ch s dng cc loi phn bn ha hc trong danh mc c
php sn xut, kinh doanh Vit Nam.
4.2.2. Phng php: Xem xt tt c cc ti liu, ghi chp v vic mua bn, s
dng phn bn ha hc ca c s v xem xt thc t kho lu cha phn bn,
so snh vi danh mc do B Nng nghip v PTNT ban hnh hng nm.
4.2.3. nh gi:
Ph hp vi 4.2.1.
nh gi t (Ac) nu:
Khng ph hp vi 4.2.1.
nh gi nng (Ma) nu:
C phn ha hc hoc cht b sung khng nm trong danh mc c
php sn xut, kinh doanh Vit Nam .
Phn 4
Phn 4
102
S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs
103
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
Phn 4
(Tham chiu: QCVN 39:2011/BTNMT/PL2 QCVN 01:132/BNNPTNT,
Tham chiu: QCVN 01:132/BNNPTNT,
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; SOP; S ghi chp p
dng VietGAP)
Nc dng x l sau thu hoach:
(Tham chiu QCVN 02/2009/BYT, GMP S tay (Chng v nc), SOP
v nc)
5.1.1. Yu cu: nc s dng ti cy phi p ng quy nh ti QCVN
39:2011/BTNMT/PL2 QCVN 01:132/BNNPTNT.
5.1.2. Phng php: Xem xt kt qu phn tch cht lng nc ti v
phng vn (khi cn thit).
5.1.3. nh gi:
Ph hp vi 5.1.1
nh gi t (Ac)
Khng ph hp vi 5.1.1
nh gi li nghim trng (Ma) nu:
Mc gii hn ti a cho php ca kim loi nng v cc ch tiu cht
lng khc ca nc ti t yu cu nhng c sai st trong vic ly
mu hoc gi mu n ni phn tch cha c cng nhn/ch nh
Khng ph hp vi 5.1.1
nh gi li nghim trng (Se) nu:
Mc gii hn ti a cho php ca kim loi nng hoc cc ch tiu cht
lng khc ca nc ti khng t yu cu.
Phn 4
104
105
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
6.5. Ch tiu 22: C mua cc loi ho cht, thuc bo v thc vt, thuc sinh
hc t cc ca hng c giy php kinh doanh khng? (B mt mc li
nng (Ma)).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; S ghi chp p dng
VietGAP)
6.5.1. Yu cu: Thuc BVTV phi c mua t cc ca hng c cp php
kinh doanh thuc BVTV.
6.5.2. Phng php: Xem xt h s theo di mua, s dng ho cht, thuc
BVTV v ni bo qun ho cht, thuc BVTV.
6.5.3. nh gi:
Ph hp vi 6.5.1
nh gi t (Ac).
Khng ph hp vi 6.5.1
nh gi li nng (Ma) khi:
o C chng c cho thy thuc BVTV c mua t cc ca hng
khng c cp php kinh doanh thuc BVTV.
Phn 4
Phn 4
106
S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs
6.7.2. Phng php: Xem xt h s ghi chp vic s dng, ghi chp vic x l
ho cht, thuc BVTV qu hn s dng; cm s dng; pha nhng
khng s dng ht v bao b, thng cha ho cht v phng vn (khi cn
thit).
6.7.3. nh gi
Ph hp vi 6.7.1
nh gi t (Ac)
Khng ph hp vi 6.7.1
nh gi li nng (Ma) nu:
o C h s ghi chp nhng cha y hoc ghi chp cha ng.
Khng ph hp vi 6.7.1
nh gi li nghim trng (Se) nu:
o Khng c h s ghi chp vic s dng thuc BVTV.
6.8. Ch tiu 25: Kho cha, cch sp xp, bo qun, s dng v x l cc
loi ho cht c thc hin ng nh VietGAP hng dn cha?
(A 2 mc li nng (Ma) v nghim trng (Se)
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; S ghi chp p dng
VietGAP)
6.8.1. Yu cu: Kho cha ho cht, thuc bo v thc vt, thuc sinh hc, cch
sp xp, bo qun, s dng v x l cc cht c thc hin theo hng
dn ca VietGAP
6.8.2. Phng php: Xem xt thc t kho cha
6.8.3. nh gi:
Khng nh gi ch tiu ny nu:
o Khng c kho thuc v l do khng bo qun, lu cha thuc ti ch.
Ph hp vi 6.8.1
nh gi (Ac).
o Sp xp, b tr, bo qun ph hp
Khng ph hp vi 6.8.1
nh gi li nng(Ma) nu:
C kho cha thuc nhng khng ring bit.
Khng ph hp vi 6.8.1
nh gi li nghim trng (Se) nu:
o Khng c kho ring hoc c nhng v tr, thit k, xy dng khng m
bo.
6.9. Ch tiu 26: Cc loi nhin liu xng, du v ho cht khc c c bo
qun ring ni ph hp khng? (B 2 mc li nh (Mi) v nng (Ma).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; S ghi chp p dng
VietGAP)
6.9.1. Yu cu: Cc loi nhin liu xng, du v ho cht khc c bo qun
ring ni ph hp.
6.9.2. Phng php: Kim tra thc t
6.9.3. nh gi:
Khng p dng (N/A) ch tiu ny nh gi nu:
o Khng c khu bo qun ring vi nhin liu xng du v ha cht
khc v l do khng bo qun ti ch
Ph hp vi 6.9.1
nh gi t (Ac).
Khng ph hp vi 6.9.1
nh gi li nh (Mi) nu:
o C kho bo qun ring hoc khu vc lu cha ring nhng thit k
v xy dng cha ph hp
Khng ph hp vi 6.9.1
nh gi li nng (Ma) nu:
o Khng c kho bo qun ring hoc khu vc lu cha ring v thit
k v xy dng cha ph hp
6.12. Ch tiu 29: Vic tiu hu ho cht v bao b c c thc hin ng
theo quy nh ca nh nc khng? (B 1 mc li nng (Ma)).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; SOP; S ghi chp p
dng VietGAP)
6.12.1. Yu cu: Tiu hu ho cht v bao b theo quy nh ca nh nc
6.12.2. Phng php: Xem xt h s ghi chp vic x l ho cht, thuc BVTV
qu hn s dng; cm s dng; pha nhng khng s dng ht v
bao b, thng cha ho cht v phng vn (khi cn thit).
107
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
6.11. Ch tiu 28: Khi thay th bao b, thng cha c ghi y tn ho cht,
hng dn s dng nh bao b, thng cha gc khng? (A 2 mc li
nng v nghim trng (Se).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP)
6.11.1. Yu cu: Khi thay th bao b, thng cha ho cht ghi y tn ho
cht, hng dn s dng nh bao b, thng cha gc
6.11.2. Phng php: Xem xt thc t nhn ho cht, thuc BVTV v phng
vn (khi cn thit).
6.11.3. nh gi:
Khng p dng (N/A) ch tiu ny nu:
o Khng thc hin sang chit, thay th bao b, thng cha thuc
Ph hp vi 6.11.1
nh gi t (Ac).
Khng ph hp vi 6.11.1
nh gi li nng (Ma) nu:
C
h ghi tn thuc nhng khng ghi hng dn s dng trn nhn
dn trn bao b hoc thng cha mi
Khng ph hp vi 6.11.1
nh gi li nghim trng (Se) nu:
K
hng ghi cc thng tin v tn thuc trn nhn dn sang bao b,
thng cha mi hoc khng c bt c thng tin no.
Phn 4
6.10. Ch tiu 27: C tin hnh kim tra thng xuyn kho ho cht loi b
cc ho cht ht hn s dng, b cm s dng khng? (B 2 mc li
nng (Ma) v nghim trng (Se)).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP)
6.10.1. Yu cu: C kim tra nh k kho ho cht loi b ho cht ht hn
s dng hoc b cm s dng v bao b, thng cha ho cht.
6.10.2. Phng php: Xem xt h s ghi chp vic loi b ho cht, thuc
BVTV qu hn s dng; cm s dng; pha nhng khng s dng
ht v bao b, thng cha ho cht; xem xt ho cht trong kho v phng
vn (khi cn thit).
6.10.3. nh gi
Khng nh gi, khng p dng (N/A) ch tiu ny nu:
o C s khng c kho cha, bo qun ha cht
Ph hp vi 6.10.1
nh gi t (Ac)
Khng ph hp vi 6.10.1
nh gi li nng (Ma) nu:
o Khng c quy nh xem xt nh k loi b ha cht ht hn s
dng hoc cm s dng hoc c thc hin loi b nhng khng ghi
chp vo h s. Khi kim tra kho khng pht hin ra ha cht cm
hoc ht hn s dng
Khng ph hp vi 6.10.1
nh gi li nghim trng (Se) nu:
o Khng loi b ha cht ht hn s dng v ha cht b cm s dng
(khi pht hin c ha cht cm v ht hn s dng trong kho).
Phn 4
108
6.12.3. nh gi:
Ph hp vi 6.12.1
nh gi t (Ac):
Khng ph hp vi 6.12.1
nh gi li nng (Ma) nu:
o Tiu hy thuc BVTV, ha cht, bao b thuc khng ng quy nh.
6.13. Ch tiu 30: C thng xuyn kim tra vic thc hin quy trnh sn xut
v d lng ho cht khng? (B 1 mc li nng (Ma).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; S ghi chp p dng
VietGAP; Kt qu kim nghim mu sn phm (nu c))
6.13.1. Yu cu: C k hoch kim tra thng xuyn vic thc hin quy trnh
sn xut v ly mu kim tra d lng ho cht trong sn phm ti
phng kim nghim c cng nhn hoc ch nh. Kt qu phn tch d
lng ho cht khng vt qu mc gii hn ti a theo quy nh.
6.13.2. Phng php: Xem h s v phng vn (cn thit)
6.13.3. nh gi:
Ph hp vi 6.13.1
nh gi t (Ac).
Khng ph hp vi 6.13.1
nh gi li nng (Ma) nu:
o Khng c k hoch thng xuyn kim tra quy trnh sn xut, khng
ly mu kim nghim hoc thc hin ly mu v kim nghim cha
ng.
7. THU HOCH V X L SAU THU HOCH
7.1. Ch tiu 31: Vic thu hoch sn phm c ng thi gian cch ly khng?
(A- 1 mc li nghim trng (Se)).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; S ghi chp p dng
VietGAP)
7.1.1. Yu cu: Tun th thi gian cch ly sau khi phun thuc, bn phn.
7.1.2. Phng php: Xem xt h s ghi chp vic s dng ho cht, thuc
BVTV, phn bn v h s gim st thu hoch, phng vn (khi cn thit).
7.1.3. nh gi:
Ph hp vi 7.1.1
nh gi t (Ac).
Khng ph hp vi 7.1.1
nh gi li nghim trng (Se) nu:
o Khng tun th thi gian cch ly.
7.2. Ch tiu 32: Thit b, dng c thu hoch, s ch, bo qun sn phm c
bo m sch s, an ton v ph hp khng?? (A 3 mc li nh (Mi),
nng (Ma) v nghim trng (Se).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; S ghi chp p dng
VietGAP)
7.2.1. Yu cu: Thit b, dng c thu hoch, s ch, bo qun v vt t tip xc
trc tip vi sn phm phi an ton cho sn phm v c v sinh, bo
dng thng xuyn.
7.2.2. Phng php: Xem xt thit b, dng c thu hoch, s ch, bo qun v
vt t tip xc trc tip vi sn phm, phng vn (khi cn thit).
7.2.3. nh gi:
Ph hp vi 7.2.1
nh gi t (Ac).
Khng ph hp vi 7.2.1
nh gi li nh (Mi) nu:
o Dng c, thit b c b mt kh lm v sinh
109
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
7.3. Ch tiu 33: C tun th vic khng sn phm tip xc trc tip vi
t khng? (A- 1 mc li nghim trng (Se).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; SOP)
7.3.1 Yu cu: Khng sn phm tip xc trc tip vi t, sn nh.
7.3.2 Phng php: Xem xt hot ng thu hoch, s ch, bo qun sn
phm v phng vn (khi cn thit).
7.3.3 nh gi
Ph hp vi 7.3.1
nh gi t (Ac)
Khng ph hp vi 7.3.1
nh gi li nghim trng (Se):
o Sn phm khi thu hoch, bo qun tip xc trc tip vi t, mt
sn .
(T ch tiu 34-46: Vi c s s ch c lp p dng Checklist i
vi GMP cho c s s ch)
Phn 4
Khng ph hp vi 7.2.1
nh gi li nng (Ma) nu:
o Thit b, dng c thu hoch khng c v sinh, bo dng thng
xuyn v ph hp.
Khng ph hp vi 7.2.1
nh gi nghim trng (Se) nu:
- Thit b, dng c, vt t tip xc trc tip vi sn phm khng
chuyn dng v c lm bng vt liu c th gy c.
- Khng phn bit thng ng ho cht v cc cht thi vi thng
ng sn phm.
- Khng c ni ct gi ring bit cc thit b, thng cha rau, qu thu
hoch v vt liu ng gi.
Phn 4
110
S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs
7.10. Ch tiu 40: Gia sc, gia cm c c cch ly khi khu vc s ch
khng? (A 2 mc li nng v nghim trng)
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP)
7.10.1. Yu cu: C bin php cch ly gia sc v vt nui vi khu s ch, ng
gi v bo qun.
7.10.2. Phng php: Tin hnh kim tra thc t
7.10.3. nh gi
Ph hp vi 7.10.1
nh gi t (Ac)
Khng ph hp vi 7.10.1
nh gi li nng (Ma) nu:
Cha c bin php cch ly trit gia sc, vt nui vi khu vc s ch,
bo qun, ng gi sn phm.
Khng ph hp vi 7.10.1
nh gi li nghim trng(Se) nu:
Gia sc v vt nui i vo khu vc s ch, ng gi v bo qun sn
phm .
7.11. Ch tiu 41: c bin php ngn chn cc loi sinh vt ly nhim trong
v ngoi khu vc s ch, ng gi cha? (A 2 mc li nng v nghim
trng).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP)
111
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
7.9. Ch tiu 39: Nh xng, thit b, dng c c c thng xuyn v sinh
khng? (A 2 mc li nng v nghim trng).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; SOP; S ghi chp p
dng VietGAP)
7.9.1 Yu cu: C quy nh v v sinh nh xng, thit b, dng c ti khu vc
s ch.
7.9.2 Phng php: Xem xt h s ghi chp v kim tra thc t, phng vn
(nu cn thit) .
7.9.3 nh gi
Khng p dng, nh gi (N/A) nu c s khng thc hin s ch sn
phm.
Ph hp vi 7.9.1
nh gi t (Ac).
Khng ph hp vi 7.9.1
nh gi li nng(Ma) nu:
o C s, thit b, dng c khng c bo dng tt.
Khng ph hp vi 7.9.1
nh gi li nghim trng (Se) nu:
o C s, thit b, dng c khng c gi v sinh, khng sch s.
Phn 4
Phn 4
112
S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs
7.11.1. Yu cu: C bin php kim sot, ngn chn cc loi sinh vt gy hi
(chut, cn trng) xung quanh v bn trong khu vc s ch, ng gi,
bo qun.
7.11.2. Phng php: Tin hnh kim tra thc t v phng vn (nu cn).
7.11.3. nh gi
Khng p dng, nh gi (N/A) nu khng c khu s ch, khng thc
hin s ch
Ph hp vi 7.11.1
nh gi t (Ac).
Khng ph hp vi 7.11.1
nh gi li nng (Ma) nu:
Khng c bin php kim sot, ngn chn cc loi sinh vt ly nhim
trong v xung quanh khu vc s ch, ng gi.
Khng ph hp vi 7.11.1
nh gi li nghim trng (Se) nu:
C bng chng v s c mt cc loi sinh vt ly nhim trong khu vc
s ch, ng gi.
7.12. Ch tiu 42: ghi ch b, by phng tr dch hi v m bo khng
lm nhim sn phm cha? (B 2 mc li nh v nghim trng).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP)
7.12.1. Yu cu: Ghi ch, nh du ch t by b, v tr t m bo khng lm
nh hng n sn phm.
7.12.2. Phng php: Tin hnh kim tra thc t v phng vn (nu cn).
7.12.3. nh gi
Khng p dng, nh gi (N/A) nu khng c khu s ch, khng thc
hin s ch
Ph hp vi 7.12.1
nh gi t (Ac)
Khng ph hp vi 7.12.1
nh gi li nh (Mi) nu:
o By, b cha c nh du, ghi ch nhng c t v tr ph
hp.
Khng ph hp vi 7.12.1
nh gi li nghim trng(Se) nu:
o By, b c t ti cc v tr c nguy c gy nhim cho sn phm
v cc b mt tip xc vi sn phm.
7.13. Ch tiu 43: thit k v xy dng nh v sinh nhng v tr ph
hp v ban hnh ni quy v sinh c nhn cha? (B 2 mc li nng v
nghim trng).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP)
7.13.1. Yu cu: Cc thit b v sinh c thit k, lp t thch hp, d bo
dng, v sinh v kh trng. Phi c nh v sinh v c b tr m bo
thc hin v sinh c nhn, c ni quy v v sinh c nhn
7.13.2. Phng php: Kim tra thc t.
7.13.3. nh gi
Khng p dng, nh gi (N/A) nu khng c khu s ch, khng thc
hin s ch
Ph hp vi 7.13.1
nh gi t (Ac).
Khng ph hp vi. 7.13.1
nh gi li nng(Ma) nu:
o Nh v sinh v cc thit b c lp t khng ph hp, kh bo
dng, khng gi v sinh tt.
Khng ph hp vi 7.13.1
nh gi li nghim trng (Se):
o Khng c nh v sinh hoc c nh v sinh nhng khng c trang b
cc ph kin v sinh, khng c ni quy v v sinh c nhn.
7.16. Ch tiu 46: Phng tin, dng c bo qun, vn chuyn sn phm c
bo m sch s, an ton v ph hp khng? (3 mc li nh (mi), nng
(Ma) v nghim trng (Se))
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; S ghi chp p dng
VietGAP)
7.16.1. Y
u cu: Phng tin, dng c thu hoch, vn chuyn, bo qun bo
m sch s, c v sinh, bo dng thng xuyn.
7.16.2. P
hng php: Xem xt thit b, dng c thu hoch, vn chuyn, bo
qun, phng vn (khi cn thit).
7.16.3. nh gi:
Ph hp vi 7.16.1
nh gi t (Ac).
Khng ph hp vi 7.16.1
nh gi li nh (Mi) nu:
113
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
7.15. Ch tiu 45: Cht lng nc s dng sau thu hoch c ng vi qui
nh khng? (A 2 mc li nng v nghim trng).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; SOP; Kt qu kim
nghim nc )
7.15.1. Yu cu: Nc s dng sau thu hoch t yu cu theo quy nh hin
hnh (QCVN 02:2009/BYT).
7.15.2. Phng php: Xem xt h s v kt qu kim nghim nc.
7.15.3. nh gi
Khng p dng, nh gi (N/A) ch tiu ny nu khng s dng nc
x l sau thu hoch hoc khng s ch sn phm.
Ph hp vi 7.15.1
nh gi (Ac)
Khng ph hp vi 7.15.1
nh gi nng(Ma) nu:
H thng cung cp nc qua xem xt ph hp vi quy nh nhng
cha c kt qu kim nghim nc.
Khng ph hp vi 7.15.1
nh gi nghim trng (Se) nu:
o S dng nc x l sau thu hoch, s ch sn phm.
Lu :Nu nghi ng, on s tin hnh ly mu kim nghim v kt qu
kim nghim s l cn c nh gi ch tiu ny.
Phn 4
7.14. Ch tiu 44: Cc loi ho cht, ch phm, mng sp s dng sau thu
hoch c c Nh nc cho php s dng khng? (A mt mc li
nghim trng).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP)
7.14.1. Y
u cu: Ch c s dng ha cht, ch phm v mng sp c
c quan c thm quyn cho php s dng sau thu hoch.
7.14.2. P
hng php: Xem xt h s ghi chp v mua bn ha cht, ch phm,
mng sp x l sn phm sau thu hoch, bo qun v phng vn (nu
cn thit).
7.14.3. nh gi
Khng p dng, nh gi (N/A) ch tiu ny nu khng s dng ha
cht, ch phm v mng sp c c quan c thm quyn cho
php s dng sau thu hoch.
Ph hp vi 7.14.1
nh gi t (Ac)
Khng ph hp vi 7.14.1
nh gi li nghim trng (Ma) nu:
o S dng ha cht, ch phm v mng sp cha c c quan c
thm quyn cho php s dng sau thu hoch.
Phn 4
114
S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs
115
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
Phn 4
Phn 4
116
S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs
9.6.3 nh gi
Ph hp vi 9.6.1
nh gi t (Ac)
Khng ph hp vi 9.6.1
nh gi li nh (Mi) nu
o Khng c quy inh hoc tp hun khng y cho ngi lao ng
v thao tc bc d
9.7. Ch tiu 53: trang b y thuc, dng c y t v bng hng dn
s cu khi b ng c ho cht cha? (B 1 mc li nng (Ma) .
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP)
9.7.1 Yu cu: C trang b thuc, dng c y t v ti liu hng dn s cu
ng c ho cht.
9.7.2 Phng php: Kim tra thc t
9.7.3 nh gi
Ph hp vi 9.7.1
nh gi t (Ac).
o Khng ph hp vi 9.7.1 nh gi li nng (Ma)
9.8. Ch tiu 54: c bin cnh bo vng sn xut rau, qu va mi c
phun thuc cha? (A 1 mc li nng).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; S ghi chp p dng
VietGAP)
9.8.1 Yu cu: C bin cnh bo khu vc sn xut mi c phun thuc bo
v thc vt
9.8.2 Phng php: Xem xt khu vc trng trt v h s ghi chp vic s
dng ho cht, thuc BVTV v phng vn (khi cn thit).
9.8.3 nh gi
Ph hp vi 9.8.1
nh gi t (Ac)
Khng ph hp vi 9.8.1
nh gi li nng (Ma) nu:
o Khng c bin cnh bo hoc c bin cnh bo nhng du hiu cnh
bo khng r
9.9. Ch tiu 55: C nh v sinh cho ngi lao ng khu vc sn xut
khng? (C- 01 li nh Mi)
9.9.1 Yu cu: Nn c nh v sinh hp v sinh v cht thi t nh v sinh phi
c x l.
9.9.2 Phng php: Kim tra thc t
9.9.3 nh gi:
Ph hp vi 9.9.1
nh gi t (Ac)
Khng ph hp vi 9.9.1 nh gi li nh (Mi) nu nh v sinh
cha iu kin v sinh v cht thi
t nh v sinh cha c x l.
10. GHI CHP, LU TR H S, TRUY NGUYN NGUN GC V THU HI
SN PHM
10. Ch tiu 56: ghi chp y nht k sn xut, s ch cha? (A 2
li nng (Ma) v nghim trng (Se).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP; S ghi chp p dng
VietGAP)
10.1 Yu cu: Phi ghi chp nht k v qu trnh sn xut: vng sn xut, t,
10.5. Ch tiu 60: Sn phm VietGAP c nhn mc khng? (A-02 li nng Ma
v nghim trng Se).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP)
117
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
Phn 4
Phn 4
118
S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs
10.5.1. Yu cu: Bao b cha sn phm khi xut hng phi c nhn mc gip
vic truy nguyn ngun gc c d dng.
10.5.2. Phng php: Kim tra thc t
10.5.3. nh gi
Ph hp vi 10.5.1
nh gi t (Ac)
Khng ph hp vi 10.5.1
nh gi li nng(Ma) nu:
o C thng tin trn nhn nhng kh c hoc thng tin cha y .
Khng ph hp vi 10.5.1
nh gi li nghim trng (Se) nu:
o Khng dn nhn hoc khng c thng tin nh km.
10.6. Ch tiu 61: C h s cho tng l sn phm khi xut hng khng? (A 02
mc li nng Ma v nghim trng Se)
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP)
10.6.1. Y
u cu: Khi xut hng, phi ghi chp r thi gian xut, khi lng, a
ch ni xut, ni nhn v lu gi h s cho tng l sn phm.
10.6.2. P
hng php: Kim tra h s bn sn phm, phng vn (nu cn
thit)
10.6.3. nh gi:
Ph hp vi 10.6.1
nh gi t (Ac)
Khng ph hp vi 10.6.1
nh gi li nng(Ma) nu:
o C h s ghi chp nhng cha y .
Khng ph hp vi 10.6.1
nh gi li nghim trng (Se) nu:
o Khng c h s ghi chp v bn sn phm
10.7. Ch tiu 62: Khi pht hin sn phm b nhim hoc c nguy c nhim,
cch ly v ngng phn phi; ng thi thng bo cho ngi tiu dng
cha? (A 2 mc li nng (Ma) v nghim trng (Se).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP)
10.6.1. Y
u cu: C bin php cch ly sn phm b nhim hoc sn phm nghi
ng b nhim, xc nh nguyn nhn nhim v thng bo cho ngi
tiu dng v sn phm nhim, tin hnh cc bin php khc phc
nguyn nhn gy nhim.
10.6.2. P
hng php: Xem xt h s v cc bin php khc phc, ngn chn
sn phm b nhim
10.6.3. nh gi
Khng p dng v nh gi (N/A) ch tiu ny nu c s cha c sn
phm b nhim hay nghi ngi b nhim.
Ph hp vi 10.6.1
nh gi t (Ac).
Khng ph hp vi 10.6.1
nh gi li nng (Ma) nu:
o C bin php cch ly sn phm b nhim nhng bin php ny
cha hiu qu v ngi mua sn phm c th khng c thng
bo y .
o Khng tin hnh xc nh nguyn nhn gy nhim sn phm.
Khng ph hp vi 10.6.1
nh gi li nghim trng (Se) nu:
o Khng thc hin bt c hnh ng g khi bit sn phm b nhim
hoc nghi ng b nhim.
11.3. Ch tiu 65: k vo bng kim tra nh gi/kim tra ni b cha? (B1 mc li nghim trng (Se).
11.3.1 Yu cu: Bng kim tra nh gi/kim tra ni b c k bi ngi c
thm quyn
11.3.2 Phng php: Xem xt h s
11.3.3 nh gi
Ph hp vi 11.3.1
nh gi t (Ac).
Khng ph hp vi 11.3.1
nh gi li nghim trng (Se)nu:
o Nu bang kim tra ni b cha c ngi c thm quyn k
11.4. Ch tiu 66: tng kt v bo co kt qu kim tra cho c quan qun
l cht lng khi c yu cu cha? (B- 2 mc li nng (Ma) v nghim
trng (Se).
11.4.1 Yu cu: Tng kt v bo co kt qu kim tra cho c quan qun l cht
lng khi c yu cu.
11.4.2 Phng php: Xem h s
11.4.3 nh gi
Ch tiu ny s khng nh gi (N/A)khi khng c yu cu ca c quan
qun l
Ph hp vi10.4.1
nh gi t (Ac)
Khng ph hp vi10.4.1
nh gi li nng (Ma) nu:
o Bo co kt qu khng y .
Khng ph hp vi10.4.1
nh gi li nghim trng (Se) nu:
o Khng np bo co
119
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
11.2. Ch tiu 64: C phi thu kim tra vin kim tra ni b khng? (C- 1 mc
li nh(Mi).
(Tham chiu: S tay Hng dn p dng VietGAP)
11.2.1. Yu cu: C kim tra vin hoc thu kim tra vin ni b trnh
kim tra
11.2.2. Phng php: Xem h s
11.2.3. nh gi
Ph hp vi 11.2.1
nh gi t (Ac)
Khng ph hp vi11.2.1
nh gi li nng (Mi) nu:
o H s ghi chp cho thy vic kim tra ni b c thc hin bi
ngi cha trnh theo quy nh.
Phn 4
Phn 4
120
2. Nhng ch tiu b nh li nh
nh gi t nhng nhc nh khc phc trong thi hn nht nh.
3. Nhng ch tiu b nh li nng v nghim trng
nh gi khng t.
4. Kt qu c tng hp v tnh nh sau (theo Ph lc IXB, TT48/2012/
TT-BNNPTNT)
- Nh sn xut t iu kin cp giy chng nhn VietGAP khi t 100% ch
tiu mc A v ti thiu 90% ch tiu mc B.
- C s sn xut nhiu thnh vin c cp Giy chng nhn VietGAP khi
100% s c s thnh vin i din c la chn nh gi u t yu
cu theo VietGAP.
121
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
1. Lu
- Khi nh gi ni b, cc ch tiu trong mc 1 v 11 s khng p dng v c
xem nh t trong bng tng hp chung.
- Cc ch tiu khng p dng, khng nh gi (N/A) c xem l t trong bng
tng hp chung.
Phn 4
III. HNG DN X L KT QU NH GI
....................
2)..............................................................................................................................................................
3)..............................................................................................................................................................
1)..............................................................................................................................................................
2)..............................................................................................................................................................
9. i din c s:
4. M s (nu c):.......................................................................................................................................................................................
3. S in thoi:..............................................................................................S Fax:................................................................................
2. a ch:....................................................................................................................................................................................................
1. Tn c s:...............................................................................................................................................................................................
(TN C S)
Mc III
Phn 4
122
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
4. Chiu sng
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
t
(Ac)
3. Kt cu v lp t
2. Thit k v xy dng
1. a im
Ch tiu nh gi
TT
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
Nh
(Min)
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
Nng
(Ma)
Sai li
[ ]
Khng
p dng
Nghim
(N/A)
trng (Se)
Kt qu nh gi sai
II. CH TIU NH GI
Phn 4
123
[ ]
11
13
14
[ ]
16
[ ]
[ ]
17
18
[ ]
15
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
12
6. Nc v nc
[ ]
t
(Ac)
Ch tiu nh gi
10
TT
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
Nh
(Min)
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
Nng
(Ma)
Sai li
[ ]
[ ]
Nghim
trng (Se)
Khng
p dng
(N/A)
Kt qu nh gi sai
Din gii
sai li v
thi hn
khc phc
Phn 4
124
20
27
10. Vn chuyn:
25
26
24
23
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
22
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
t
(Ac)
21
19
9. Qun l sn phm
Ch tiu nh gi
[ ]
[ ]
Nh
(Min)
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
Nng
(Ma)
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
Nghim
trng (Se)
Khng
p dng
(N/A)
TT
Sai li
Kt qu nh gi sai
Din gii
sai li v
thi hn
khc phc
Phn 4
125
[ ]
35
Tng hp
32
33
35
[ ]
[ ]
31
[ ]
[ ]
30
[ ]
[ ]
t
(Ac)
Ch tiu nh gi
29
28
TT
23
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
Nh
(Min)
29
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
Nng
(Ma)
Sai li
Nghim
trng (Se)
Khng
p dng
(N/A)
Kt qu nh gi sai
Din gii
sai li v
thi hn
khc phc
Phn 4
126
....................., ngy
thng
nm
TRNG ON KIM TRA
(K tn, ng du)
....................., ngy
thng
nm
I DIN C S C KIM TRA
(K tn)
Phn 4
127
Phn 4
Mc IV
128
S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs
2. Li nghim trng (Se): L sai lch so vi quy nh, gy mt an ton thc
phm, nh hng ti sc kho ngi tiu dng.
3. Li nng (Ma): L sai lch so vi quy nh, c th nh hng n
an ton thc phm, nhng cha ti mc nghim
trng.
4. Li nh (Mi): L sai lch so vi quy nh gy tr ngi cho vic
kim sot v sinh nhng cha n mc nng.
II. S DNG BIU MU KIM TRA
1- Khng b sung hoc b bt ni dung, mc nh gi c quy nh trong
mi ch tiu.
2- Vi mi ch tiu, ch xc nh mc nh gi ti cc ct c k hiu [ ], khng
c xc nh mc nh gi vo ct khng c k hiu [ ].
3- Dng k hiu hoc x nh du vo cc v tr mc nh gi c xc nh
i vi mi ch tiu hoc nh vo ct khng p dng (N/A) (mi ch tiu ch
xc nh 1 mc li).
4- Mi mt ch tiu ch nh vo mt t (AC) hoc sai li tng ng (Mi, Ma,
Se) hoc khng p dng (N/A)
5- Din gii chi tit li hoc l do khng p dng (N/A) v thi hn c s phi
khc phc sai li.
III. HNG DN PHNG PHP KIM TRA, NH GI
1. a im
1.1. Ch tiu 1: Khu vc s ch c b nh hng t cc ngun nhim hay
c nguy c b ngp lt? (1 mc li Ma).
1.1.1. Yu cu: V tr xy dng Khng b nh hng khi, bi, mi, nc thi,
cht thi t cc khu vc cha cht thi, c s chn nui, khu cng nghip,
l m...; khng b ngp nc; cch xa ngun cht thi (lng, rn) khng
th loi b; Khng c nguy c xm nhim sinh vt gy hi (tham chiu
theo 15/2012/TT-BYT: iu 1, Chng 1; VietGAP: 1.1; 5.4 v GMP:
5.1).
129
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
2. Thit k v xy dng
Phn 4
1.1.2.
1.1.3.
Phn 4
130
S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs
1.4. Ch tiu 4: Sn nhn phng, lm bng vt liu khng thm nc, thot
nc tt, d v sinh v c bo tr tt? (1 mc li Mi).
1.4.1. Yu cu: Lm bng vt liu khng thm nc (thng dng gch men,
mi, i vi khu vc khng c nc c th trng xi mng hay lt
gch th); Khng b ng nc; Kt cu nhn, phng, khng trn trt,
ni tip gip vi tng nn c cong d v sinh, mu sng; Bo tr
tt: khng b nt, v, bong trc (tham chiu theo 15/2012/TT-BYT: iu
3, Chng 1; VietGAP: 7.2.1; 7.2.4 v GMP 5.3).
1.4.2. Phng php: Xem xt thc t.
1.4.3. nh gi:
Ph hp vi 1.4.1 nh gi t (Ac).
Khng ph hp vi 1.4.1 nh gi li nh (Mi).
1.5. Ch tiu 5: Trn/ mi v cc gi treo c lp t hn ch tch t, ri vi
bi bn, mng bm? (1 mc li Mi).
1.5.1. Yu cu: Lm bng vt liu khng thm nc (thng dng nha, tn, );
Kn, khng b dt; kt cu hn ch khe rnh d v sinh, mu sng;
Bo tr tt khng b r st, (tham chiu theo 15/2012/TT-BYT: iu 3,
Chng 1; VietGAP: 7.2.1; 7.2.4 v GMP 5.3).
1.5.2. Phng php: Xem xt thc t.
1.5.3. nh gi:
Ph hp vi 1.5.1 nh gi t (Ac).
Khng ph hp vi 1.5.1 nh gi li nh (Mi).
1.6. Ch tiu 6: Ca s, ca lm bng vt liu khng thm nc, thit k
m bo d v sinh, hn ch tch t bi bn? (1 mc li Mi).
1.6.1. Yu cu: Lm bng vt liu khng thm nc (thng dng nha, tolet); Kt cu b ca nn c nghing hn ch tch t bi v hn
ch khe rnh d v sinh; Bo tr tt khng b r st, (tham chiu theo
15/2012/TT-BYT: iu 3, Chng 1; VietGAP: 7.2.1; 7.2.4 v GMP 5.3).
1.6.2. Phng php: Xem xt thc t.
1.6.3. nh gi:
Ph hp vi 1.6.1 nh gi t (Ac).
Khng ph hp vi 1.6.1 nh gi li nh (Mi).
1.7. Ch tiu 7: Ca ra vo lm bng vt liu khng thm nc, thit k b
mt nhn, phng, d lm v sinh, kh trng? (1 mc li Mi).
1.7.1. Yu cu: Lm bng vt liu khng thm nc, khng c (thng dng
nha, tn, nhm, knh); Kt cu hn ch khe rnh d v sinh, nn
thit k t ng ng; Bo tr tt khng b r st, (tham chiu theo
15/2012/TT-BYT: iu 3, Chng 1; VietGAP: 7.2.1; 7.2.4 v GMP 5.3).
1.7.2. Phng php: Xem xt thc t.
1.7.3. nh gi:
Ph hp vi 1.7.1 nh gi t (Ac).
Khng ph hp vi 1.7.1 nh gi li nh (Mi).
131
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
Phn 4
4. Chiu sng
Phn 4
132
S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs
du hiu (mu sc, k hiu, ghi nhn,...) phn bit r rng vi dng c
cha ng khc c bit cc dng c thu gom ph liu-rc, thng cha
rc-ha cht-thuc BVTV-phn bn; S dng ng theo k hiu c
quy nh (tham chiu theo VietGAP: 7.1.4).
1.11.2. Phng php: Xem xt thc t.
1.11.3. nh gi:
Ph hp vi 1.11.1 nh gi t (Ac).
Khng ph hp vi 1.11.1 nh gi li nng (Ma).
6. Nc v nc
1.12. Ch tiu 12: Nc v nc t tiu chun theo cc quy nh hin
hnh? (2 mc li Ma, Se).
1.12.1. Yu cu: (1) Kt qu phn tch nh k nc v nc : t theo QCVN
01:2009/BYT; (2) Phn tch ti PKN c cng nhn (tham chiu theo
VietGAP: 5; 7.6.2; GMP 5.8; SOP-Nc dng trong s ch rau qu
ti).
Lu :
- Trong trng hp cha c bt k kt qu phn tch nc v nc
no th nh gi khng t.
- Nu c s khng s dng nc th khng nh gi phn nc .
1.12.2. Phng php: Kim tra kt qu phn tch nh k cht lng nc v
nc .
1.12.3. nh gi:
Ph hp vi 1.12.1 nh gi t (Ac).
Khng ph hp vi 1.12.1 nh gi:
o Li nng (Ma): khi yu cu (2) khng t.
o Li nghim trng (Se): khi yu cu (1) khng t.
1.13. Ch tiu 13: C h thng d tr, phn phi nc, nc m bo
ATVS v lng s dng? (2 mc li Mi, Ma).
1.13.1. Yu cu: (1) H thng nc (bao gm ging/ngun thy cc, cc b
cha, bm, h thng phn phi) c v sinh sch s, bo tr tt. Nu
c s dng nc th ni bo qun phi sch s ; (2) Cc u vi nc
khng c nhng ngp trong nc hay trn sn; (3) Np y cc b
nc phi kn. C nc sch s dng. (tham chiu theo VietGAP:
5; 7.6.2; GMP 5.8; SOP - Nc dng trong s ch rau qu ti).
1.13.2. Phng php: Xem xt thc t.
1.13.3. nh gi:
Ph hp vi 1.13.1 nh gi t (Ac).
Khng ph hp vi 1.13.1 nh gi:
o Li nh (Mi): khi c 1 trong cc yu cu (1), (2) khng t.
o Li nng (Ma): khi yu cu (3) khng t, hoc c 2 yu cu (1) v
(2) khng t.
1.14. Ch tiu 14: C k hoch v thc hin kim sot cht lng nc, nc
? (2 mc li Mi, Ma).
1.14.1. Yu cu: (1) Trong trng hp x l nc bng ha cht phi tin hnh
133
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
Phn 4
kim tra nng ha cht x l, ghi chp y cc thng tin (ngy, thi
gian kim tra, hm lng hay nng cht x l nc, tn ngi thc
hin, bin php khc phc nu c vi phm); (2) C k hoch v thc
hin theo k hoch: Ngun nc sn xut t nc ging, nc mt ly
mu kim tra t nht 2 ln/ nm vo ma kh v ma ma; Ngun nc
sn xut t nc thy cc ly mu kim tra t nht 1 ln/nm; Nc
(nu c) ly mu kim tra t nht nm/ln (tham chiu theo: Quy chun
k thut quc gia v cht lng nc n ung ban hnh km theo thng
t 04/2009/TT BYT ngy 17/6/2009 ca B trng B Y t; SOP-Nc
dng trong s ch rau qu ti).
1.14.2. Phng php: Xem xt k hoch v kt qu thc hin
1.14.3. nh gi:
Ph hp vi 1.14.1 nh gi t (Ac).
Khng ph hp vi 1.14.1 nh gi:
o Li nh (Mi): khi yu cu (1) khng t.
o Li nng (Ma): khi yu cu (2) khng t.
Phn 4
134
1.19. Ch tiu 19: C s s ch c tha thun hay hp ng mua nguyn liu
t c s sn xut rau, qu? (2 mc li Mi, Ma).
1.19.1. Yu cu: (1) C y hp ng/ tha thun cung cp nguyn liu gia
c s s ch vi c s trng rau qu (nu c s s ch mua nguyn liu
t bn ngoi). Nu c s s ch chung ca mt t chc (t hp tc, hp
tc x, ) th phi c n tham gia t chc ca ngi trng rau, qu; (2)
Ni dung hp ng/ tha thun/ n phi yu cu nh cung cp thc
hin cc quy nh v v sinh an ton thc phm ti ni sn xut ca mnh
(tham chiu theo GMP 6.1).
9.2.
S ch, ng gi sn phm
135
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
Phn 4
Phn 4
136
S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs
137
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
Phn 4
10. Vn chuyn
Phn 4
138
1.29. Ch tiu 29: Cht thi c c thu gom v x l gim thiu nguy c
gy nhim bn sn phm khng? (2 mc li Mi, Ma).
1.29.1. Yu cu: (1) Trong khu s ch c dng c thu gom, cha ng ph liu
ph hp. Ph liu c thu gom v chuyn thng xuyn ra ngoi; (2)
X l ph liu, rc thi ph hp khng nhim t, nc hay khu s ch
(v d: hng ngy chuyn cho n v x l rc hoc chn lp vi rc thi
hu c, chuyn ti ch rc v c kh phn hu...) (tham chiu theo GMP
8; VietGAP 7.2.3; 8.1).
1.29.2. Phng php: Xem xt thc t
1.29.3. nh gi:
Ph hp vi 1.29.1 nh gi t (Ac).
Khng ph hp vi 1.29.1 nh gi:
o Li nh (Mi): khi yu cu (2) khng t.
o Li nng (Ma): khi yu cu (1) khng t.
1.30. Ch tiu 30: C h thng thot nc thi, khng gy nhim mi trng
xung quanh? (2 mc li Mi, Ma).
1.30.1. Yu cu: (1) Trong ni s ch phi c h thng rnh nhn, phng m
bo thu gom ht nc v d v sinh; (2) Nc thi khng x trc tip vo
khu canh tc v ngun nc (tham chiu theo GMP 8; VietGAP 7.2.3;
8.1).
1.30.2. Phng php: Xem xt thc t
1.30.3. nh gi:
Ph hp vi 1.30.1 nh gi t (Ac).
Khng ph hp vi 1.30.1 nh gi:
o Li nh (Mi): khi yu cu (1) khng t.
o Li nng (Ma): khi yu cu (2) khng t.
13. o to v thc hin v sinh c nhn
1.31. Ch tiu 31: Ngi lao ng c tp hun v an ton thc phm v
thc hnh v sinh c nhn? (2 mc li Mi, Ma).
1.31.1. Yu cu: Ngi lao ng phi c tp hun v: (1) Kin thc, k nng
trong sn xut nhm m bo an ton v sinh thc phm; (2) Phng
php s dng trang thit b, dng c; (3) Cc hng dn s cu tai nn
lao ng; (4) S dng an ton cc ha cht; (5) V sinh c nhn. (tham
chiu theo GMP 10; VietGAP 9.4.2).
1.31.2. Phng php: Xem xt thc t v phng vn khi cn thit
1.31.3. nh gi:
Ph hp vi 1.31.1 nh gi t (Ac).
Khng ph hp vi 1.31.1 nh gi:
o Li nh (Mi): khi c 1 yu cu khng t.
o Li nng (Ma): khi c nhiu hn 1 yu cu khng t.
1.32. Ch tiu 32: Ngi lao ng c c trang b bo h lao ng? (2 mc
li Mi, Ma).
1.32.1. Yu cu: (1) C trang b bo h lao ng y cho ngi lao ng
1.34. Ch tiu 34: Ngi lao ng tun th thc hnh v sinh khi tham gia sn
xut? (2 mc li Mi, Ma).
1.34.1. Yu cu: Ngi lao ng (k c khch thm quan) phi tun th: (1)
Ngi mc bnh truyn nhim (vng da, vim gan A, tiu chy, ...), c
vt thng h khng c tip xc vi sn phm. Nu b mc bnh hoc
c triu chng phi thng bo ngay cho ngi c trch nhim; (2) Phi
ra tay bng x phng trc khi tip xc vi sn phm, ngay sau khi i
v sinh hoc sau khi tip xc vi cc vt khng sch; (3) Khng c ht
thuc, n ung, khc nh v ho v pha sn phm; (4) Khng c
mng tay di, eo trang sc, ng h v cc vt khc; (5) Tc c kp
gn ngng. (tham chiu theo GMP 9; VietGAP: 7.5.2)
1.34.2. Phng php: Xem xt thc t v h s
1.34.3. nh gi:
Ph hp vi 1.34.1 nh gi t (Ac).
Khng ph hp vi 1.34.1 nh gi:
o Li nh (Mi): khi c 1 trong cc yu cu (3), (4), (5) khng t.
o Li nng (Ma): khi yu cu (1) hoc (2) khng t, hoc c nhiu
hn 1 yu cu khc khng t.
14. Ghi chp h s
1.35. Ch tiu 35: C y h s ghi chp theo di vic nhp nguyn liu, xut
x, qu trnh s ch, ng gi, xut bn sn phm? (2 mc li Mi, Ma).
1.35.1. Yu cu: C h s ghi chp y cc thng tin v thi gian, cc thng
s k thut, thnh phn, s lng, m truy xut t nguyn liu n
thnh phm. Nguyn nhn nhim c pht hin v cc hnh ng
139
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
1.33. Ch tiu 33: Ngi lao ng c c kim tra sc khe nh k khng?
(2 mc li Mi, Ma).
1.33.1. Yu cu: Ngi lao ng c kim tra sc khe nh k t nht 1 nm/
ln ti c s y t cp qun/ huyn tr ln. (tham chiu theo GMP 9).
1.33.2. Phng php: Xem xt h s
1.33.3. nh gi:
Ph hp vi 1.33.1 nh gi t (Ac).
Khng ph hp vi 1.33.1 nh gi:
o Li nh (Mi): khi c thc hin nhng khng y .
o Li nng (Ma): khi khng thc hin.
Phn 4
Phn 4
140
S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs
Nh (Mi)
Nng (Ma)
<11
> 12
<5
>6
>1
Xp loi
141
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
Phn 4
Phn 4
142
1 - Quy trnh thc hnh sn xut nng nghip tt cho rau, qu ti an ton (VietGAP) ban hnh km theo quyt nh s 379/Q-BNN-KHCN ngy 14/4/2008
ca B trng B NN&PTNT;
2 - Quy nh v chng nhn sn phm thu sn, trng trt, chn nui c sn
xut, s ch ph hp vi Quy trnh thc hnh nng nghip tt (VietGAP) ban
hnh km theo Thng t s 48/2012/TT-BNNPTNT ngy 26/9/2012 ca B
trng B NN&PTNT;
3 - Quy nh qun l sn xut rau, qu v ch an ton ban hnh km theo Thng
t s 59/2012/TT-BNNPTNT ngy 09/11/2012 ca B trng B NN&PTNT;
4 - Thng t s 15/2012/TTBNNPTNT ngy 12/9/2012 ca B trng B Y t
ban hnh Quy nh v cc iu kin v sinh chung i vi c s sn xut
thc phm;
5 - Quy nh gii hn nhim ti a vi sinh v ha hc trong thc phm ban hnh
km theo quyt nh s 46/2007/Q-BYT ngy 19/12/2007 ca B trng B
Y t.
6 - Quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc n ung ban hnh km theo
thng t 04/2009/TT BYT ngy 17/6/2009 ca B trng B Y t.
7 - Thng t 32/2010/TT-BNNPTNT ngy 17/6/2010 ca B trng B Nng
nghip v Pht trin nng thn ban hnh Quy nh v ch nh v qun l hot
ng ngi ly mu, ngi kim nh, phng kim nghim, t chc chng
nhn cht lng ging, sn phm cy trng v phn bn (thay th Quyt nh
s 106/2008/Q-BNN ngy 29/10/2008);
8 - S tay hng dn thc hnh sn xut tt (GMP) trong s ch v phn phi
rau qu ti v cc SOP, thng 12/2009 ca D n CIDA.
....................
2)..............................................................................................................................................................
3)..............................................................................................................................................................
1)..............................................................................................................................................................
2)..............................................................................................................................................................
9. i din c s:
4. M s (nu c):.......................................................................................................................................................................................
3. S in thoi:..............................................................................................S Fax:................................................................................
2. a ch:....................................................................................................................................................................................................
1. Tn c s:...............................................................................................................................................................................................
(TN C S)
Mc V
Phn 4
143
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
10
Tng hp
10
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
t
(Ac)
Ch tiu nh gi
TT
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
Nh
(Min)
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
Nng
(Ma)
Sai li
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
Khng
p
dng
Nghim
(N/A)
trng (Se)
Kt qu nh gi sai
Phn 4
144
....................., ngy
thng
nm
TRNG ON KIM TRA
(K tn, ng du)
....................., ngy
thng
nm
I DIN C S C KIM TRA
(K tn)
Phn 4
145
Phn 4
Mc VI
146
S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs
nh gi:
Ph hp vi 1.1 nh gi t (Ac).
Khng ph hp vi 1.1 nh gi li nng (Ma).
3.
Ch tiu 3: C s c duy tr v sinh sch s khng? (02 mc li Mi, Ma)
3.1. Yu cu: Ni bn hng, kho cha, phng tin bn hng, phng tin
vn chuyn, phng tin bo qun phi bo m yu cu v sinh an ton
thc phm: (1) Sn sch, khng ng nc; tng v trn/mi nh sch;
(2) C thit b, dng c bo qun rau, qu hp v sinh (trong trng hp
c thc hin bo qun rau qu); (3) C k by bn hng hp v sinh; (4)
C thit b thu gom rc thi, kn, cch bit vi quy bn hng; (5) Duy tr
tt iu kin v sinh. (khon 2, iu 19 Quyt nh 41/2005/Q-BYT)
3.2. Phng php: Xem xt thc t
3.3. nh gi:
Ph hp vi 3.1 nh gi t (Ac).
Khng ph hp vi 3.1 nh gi:
Li nh (Mi): khi yu cu (5) khng t.
Li nng (Ma): khi c t 1 trong cc yu cu (1), (2), (3), (4) khng t.
4. Ch tiu 4: Ngi bn hng c bo qun rau, qu bng ha cht cm
hoc cha c php s dng khng? (01 mc li Se)
4.1. Yu cu: Tuyt i khng c phun, ngm, tm cc ho cht bo
qun rau qu. Khng c by bn rau qu a, nt, nhim v rau qu
bo qun bng ho cht c hi. (khon 3, iu 19 Quyt nh 41/2005/
Q-BYT)
4.2. Phng php: Xem xt thc t, phng vn khi cn thit. Trong trng
hp nghi ng c th ly mu phn tch ha cht bo qun.
4.3. nh gi:
Ph hp vi 3.1 nh gi t (Ac).
Khng ph hp vi 3.1 nh gi li nghim trng (Se). Lu trong
trng hp nghi ng v c ly mu phn tch ha cht bo qun,
ch tiu ny s c nh gi khi c kt qu kim nghim.
147
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
Phn 4
1.3.
Phn 4
148
S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs
Xp loi
Nh (Mi)
Nng (Ma)
<3
<2
>3
>1
149
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
Phn 4
9. Ch tiu 9: C thc hin dn nhn v ghi nhn y thng tin theo quy
nh khng? (01 mc li Ma).
9.1. Yu cu: Trng hp c bao gi thuc din phi dn nhn theo quy nh,
nhn hng ha ti thiu phi c cc thng tin: Tn, a ch c s; Sn
phm rau qu an ton.
Lu : Trng hp khng bt buc ghi nhn theo quy nh th khng
nh gi ch tiu ny.
9.2. Phng php: Xem xt thc t v phng vn khi cn thit
9.3. nh gi:
Ph hp vi 9.1 nh gi t (Ac).
Khng ph hp vi 9.1 nh gi li nng (Ma).
Phn 4
150
3. X l kt qu:
3.1. T chc Chng nhn x l kt qu do on kim tra ca T chc chng
nhn thc hin:
3.1.1. Trng hp kim tra ln u, kim tra li (kim tra chng nhn):
- Ch c s xp loi A, B mi c cp chng nhn.
- Thng bo c s cha u iu kin va yu cu co bao cao kt qua
khc phuc cu th i vi c s khng at (loi C).
3.1.2. Trng hp kim tra nh k, kim tra t xut ( duy tr, gia hn chng
nhn):
- (1) C s xp loi A, B c tip tc duy tr, gia hn chng nhn.
- (2) i vi c s xung loi B: Thng bo cho c s v vic b xung
hng v tn sut kim tra p dng trong thi gian ti.
- (3) i vi c s xung loi C: Thng bao nh ch hiu lc chng nhn
va yu cu co bao cao kt qua khc phuc cu th. Tuy theo mc sai
li ca c s, T chc Chng nhn quyt inh thi hn khc phc
(nhng khng qu 1 thng) v t chc kim tra li. Nu c s khng
khc phc, T chc Chng nhn thu hi Giy chng nhn.
3.2. C quan qun l x l kt qu do on kim tra ca C quan qun l thc hin:
- C s xp loi A, B: C quan qun l yu cu T chc Chng nhn x
l nh mc 3.1.2 (1)
- i vi c s xung loi B: C quan qun l yu cu T chc Chng
nhn x l nh mc 3.1.2 (2).
- i vi c s xung loi C: C quan qun l yu cu T chc Chng
nhn x l nh mc 3.1.2 (3).
V. X L VI PHM CA C S S CH
1. Cnh co: T chc Chng nhn cnh co bng vn bn n c s kinh
doanh khi c s xung hng B v tn sut kim tra p dng trong thi
gian ti.
2. nh ch chng nhn: C s kinh doanh b T chc Chng nhn ra Quyt
nh nh ch chng nhn trong trng hp C s xung loi C (theo kt
qu kim tra ca c quan qun l hoc kt qu kim tra gim st, kim
tra t xut ca T chc Chng nhn);
T chc Chng nhn ra Quyt nh nh ch chng nhn v quy nh
thi hn nh sn xut khc phc sai li. Thi hn khc phc sai
li khng qu 01 (mt) thng k t thi im Quyt nh nh ch chng
nhn c hiu lc.
3. Thu hi chng nhn: C s kinh doanh b T chc Chng nhn ra Quyt
nh thu hi chng nhn trong nhng trng hp sau y:
a) C s xung loi C v b nh ch chng nhn nhng khng c
hnh ng khc phc sai li ng thi hn;
c) T chi kim tra ca T chc Chng nhn;
151
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
Phn 4
d) Xin hon kim tra ca T chc Chng nhn 02 (hai) ln lin tip khng
c l do chnh ng;
Phn 4
Mc VII
152
1. GII THIU
Trong nhng thp nin va qua cc nghin cu khoa hc cho thy cc cht
b dng ca rau, qu ti c trong mn n rt c li cho sc kho con ngi.
Ngi ta cng nhn rng cc cht b dng ca rau, qu ti c trong mn n
s lm gim cc nguy c gy ung th v cc bnh v tim mch. Tuy nhin, rau,
qu ti c bn Vit Nam c th c cc mi nguy v ho hc, vi sinh vt
v vt l v nh vy c th lm gim nhng li ch v sc kho khi n rau, qu
ti.
gii quyt nhng mi lo ngi ny, nm 2008, Chnh ph Vit Nam xy
dng qui chun k thut v cc yu cu trong thc hnh sn xut tt p dng
cho sn xut, thu hoch, s ch, ng gi, bo qun v vn chuyn rau, qu ti
ti Vit Nam. Quy chun k thut ny c hiu l VietGAP nm 2008. Ni dung
ca VietGAP bao gm cc thc hnh sn xut tt trong chui sn xut t cp
trang tri xuyn sut ti khu phn phi.
Cc s tay hng dn c xy dng nhm lm r v c th ho cc yu cu
ca VietGAP v gip cc c s sn xut, ng gi, thu gom/thng li, bn
bun, siu th nm bt c chi tit v thc hin cc yu cu ny. S tay hng
dn bao gm cc Thc hnh nng nghip tt (GAP) v cc Thc hnh qun l
tt (GMPs).
K hoch ly mu c thc hin vi cc mc ch sau: Nghin cu nh gi v
iu kin sn xut v iu tra gim st sau thc hin Thc hnh nng nghip tt
v Thc hnh qun l tt. K hoch ly mu trong giai on nghin cu nh gi
iu kin sn xut c xy dng xc nh mc nhim ho cht, vi sinh
vt trong t, nc, rau v qu ti trc v sau khi thc hin m hnh th im.
K hoch ly mu trong giai on iu tra gim st c xy dng xc nh
mc nhim ho cht v vi sinh vt ca rau, qu ti sau khi thc hin p
dng cc thc hnh nng nghip tt v thc hnh qun l tt v nhm nh gi
tnh hiu qu ca cc thc hnh nng nghip tt v thc hnh qun l tt.
Cc hng dn th hin trong ti liu ny c xem l cc thc hnh tt v cn
p dng vo bt c lc no c th p dng. Trong nhng tnh hung c th no
c th c s sai lch so vi hng dn ly mu ny, khi nguyn tc ca tt
c cc hng dn ly mu m l c s xy dng hng dn ly mu ny s
c p dng i vi tt c cc tnh hung.
3. NH NGHA
Nc nng nghip: l nc c s dng cho cc hot ng sn xut trn
ng rung nh: ti tiu, bn phn, phun thuc bo v thc vt
Rung, mnh t, vn cy v nh knh: l cc n v din tch t ring bit
nm trong vng sn xut c tnh gp l mt vng trn c s tng n v din
tch t.
Ti nc bng rnh, ti ngp v b bao: l phng php ti gip nc
lu thng qua cc cnh ng nh nhng knh nc nh c gia mt nhm cc
lung, cc b bao, mng, rnh dn nc t mt im hoc t im ti nc
ti cui rung.
Nc ngm: l ngun nc di b mt t nm trong vng tr nc v ngm
trong t.
L hng: c xc nh l mt t rau, qu c thu hoch v ng gi trong
cng mt ngy t cng mt ngun v c x l cng mt quy trnh. i vi
nhng trang tri c quy m ln hn hoc c nh ng gi, khung thi gian
xc nh mt l hng c th ngn hn, v d: na ngy hoc mt ting thu hoch
hoc ng gi.
Nc my: l ngun nc c cung cp bi cp chnh quyn a phng nh
th trn, tnh hoc thnh ph
Ti kiu ma ri: L phng php ti theo kiu nc ri t trn xung ngn
cy v t, ging nh ma ri. Phng php ny c th c ti bng tay s
dng thng ng nc ti hoc bng vi phun c hoc khng c loa phun to
tia nc phun nh hoc bng cc vi phun ni vi h thng ng nc p lc.
Nc sau thu hoch: l nc c s dng trong cc hot ng s ch rau,
qu ti sau thu hoch nh ty ra (nc thi) lm lnh, v sinh, sc ra, x
l sau thu hoch, lm sch v vn chuyn (vn chuyn bng bng chuyn) sn
phm.
Ti trn t: l phng php ti bng cch nc c ti trn mt t.
Phng php ny bao gm cc h thng ti p dng rnh, ti ngp v b
bao. S dng thng ti bng tay hoc bng vi phun trn mt t, cng c
coi l phng php ti trn mt t.
Nc mt: l tt c cc ngun nc c trn b mt t nh sng, sui, knh,
mng, ao, h, m ly, khu vc m ly v cc ngun nc chuyn tip.
153
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
Phn 4
2. PHM VI
Phn 4
154
4. HNG DN LY MU - TNG HP
Mi mu gi ti phng kim nghim s c coi l mu gi chnh thc. Mi mu
l i din ca c rung hoc c l hng. Phng php phi c duyt trnh
tnh trng ly nhim mu n trong qu trnh s ch, bo qun v vn chuyn ti
phng kim nghim. Nu vic ly mu khng chun hoc khng c thc hin
ng cch, hoc khng i din c rung hoc l hng c ly mu th kt
qu ca phng kim nghim s khng chnh xc v khng thuyt phc.
Vic ly mu phi c thc hin theo cch m mu phi i din c cho
tt c mi c im ca rung hoc l hng . Do , ngi ly mu cn
phi lu nh sau:
S dng trang phc sch s gim thiu ri ro ly nhim
Ra tay sch s trc khi ly mu
Ly mu ngu nhin, v d: ly mu cc v tr khc nhau. Khng s dng
bao b hng ng mu nh: bao b h, b rch/thng v nhng mu
trong cc bao b nh vy c th khng th i din c cho ton b l hng
v c th b ly nhim bi nhng tc nhn bn ngoi.
Ly mt phn sn phm lm i din cho mu nu lng sn phm qu ln
so vi ti ng mu.
Ly mu trong iu kin v trng nu mu c dng kim tra mi nguy
vi sinh vt.
i gng tay trc khi tin hnh ly mu tip theo nu trong trng hp c
nguy c nhim cho.
Khng ly mu t nhng l hng/ti sn phm b tr li v nhng sn phm
c th khng c s ch, ng gi v vn chuyn ng cch.
Khng m ti ng mu bng cch thi ti v nh vy c th s truyn cc vi
sinh vt thng c trong ming vo ti.
Khng qu nhiu mu vo trong ti ng mu.
ng kn ti ng mu sau khi cho mu vo bo m mu khng ri ra
ngoi hoc khng b ly nhim trong qu trnh vn chuyn thng thng.
Thc hin tt c cc cng on ng gi mu ti ni ly mu trnh kh
nng ly nhim.
iu kin v trng c ngha l ngi ly mu phi s dng cc dng c tit trng,
gng tay tit trng v c th tiu hu. Ngi ly mu cn mang thit b v gng
tay tit trng thc hin ly mu ng theo k hoch trong ngy. Gng tay tit
trng ch c s dng cho mt l hng. Cn ch thn trng khng dng c
v gng tit trng tip xc vi cc b mt khc ngoi sn phm ly mu. Do
ngi ly mu phi chun b ton b cc dng c ly mu trc khi tin hnh ly
Phn 4
155
5.1 Ly mu t
Mc ch ca k hoch ly mu
K hoch ly mu t l mt phn ca nghin cu nh gi ban u v iu kin
sn xut. Mc ch ca k hoch l nhm xc nh mc nhim ho cht, c
bit l kim loi nng trc khi trin khai thc hin p dng cc yu cu ca thc
hnh nng nghip tt (GAP).
Cc yu t cn xem xt:
Nh mt phn ca m hnh sn xut rau, qu an ton ti Vit Nam, t phi c
phn tch xc nh mc ly nhim d lng ho cht. t ca mt rung
hay mt tha rung nm trong vng thc hin m hnh th im s khng cn
kim tra phn tch li, nu:
Rung hay tha rung c ly mu phn tch trong 2 nm.
Mu t c kim tra phn tch bi cng mt phng php phn tch
c hiu chnh.
Mu t c kim tra phn tch bi mt phng kim nghim c cng
nhn.
Kt qu phn tch mu nm trong gii hn sai s cho php, v
Kt qu vn cn bo lu.
Nu mt vi rung hoc tha rung nm trong vng ca m hnh th im m t
c c im ging nhau v nm st nhau, v d: cch nhau di 500m th cn
phi ly mt mu.
Ch tiu phn tch
Cc ch tiu phn tch i vi mu t gm: asen (As), cadimi (Cd), ch (Pd),
ng (Cu), Km (Zn). Qui chun tham chiu QCVN 01-132:2013/BNNPTNT
Dng c ly mu v vn chuyn
Nhng dng c di y cn c thc hin ly mu v ng gi vn chuyn
mu:
Dng c o mu
Ti nilng
Ti ng
Giy bc
Dng c lm lnh
Ti nc
Phng php ly mu
Ra dng c o mu trc khi ly mu v bt li bng giy bc trnh nhim
khun v sau. Nhn chung, kh nng bin i hm lng kim loi nng trong
Phn 4
156
S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs
mu t theo thi gian thng l thp. Tuy nhin, mc phn b theo khng
gian ca kim loi nng trn mt cnh ng c th bin i do qu trnh s dng
phn bn (phn ho hc v phn hu c) v vic s dng nc nng nghip
khng ng u. Do , mu t cn phi i din c cho tng din tch ca
rung .
Mt s c im khi ly mu:
Tn sut: khi bt u trin khai m hnh th im
S mu n: 12 mu n trn li thnh mt mu gp
V tr ly mu: Ly ngu nhin theo s hnh ch W (Hnh 1) ti phn canh
tc ca rung v su 20cm.
Hnh 1. S ly mu t ti rung.
ng gi vn chuyn v bo qun
Khng c hng dn c th no, ch cn bo qun ton b mu.
5.2
Ly mu nc
157
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
Phn 4
Phn 4
158
ng gi vn chuyn v bo qun
Ngay sau khi ly mu, mu phi c vo thng lnh c v gi nhit
mc 1-5oC t khi ly mu n khi phn tch. i vi phn tch vi sinh vt, thi
gian lu mu ti a t lc ly mu ti khi phn tch l 48 ting, v khng c
lm ng lnh mu.
5.3
Ly mu sn phm
Mc ch ca k hoch ly mu:
i vi vic ly mu sn phm ti c 2 mc ch trong k hoch ly mu: khi
nghin cu nh gi ban u v iu kin sn xut v khi iu tra gim st.
K hoch ly mu i vi nghin cu nh gi ban u v iu kin sn xut
c xy dng xc nh mc nhim ho cht v vi sinh vt trong rau,
qu ti trc khi thc hin cc yu cu ca thc hnh nng nghip tt (GAP)
v thc hnh qun l tt (GMP) v cc quy phm thc hnh chun (SOPs) tng
ng.
K hoch ly mu i vi iu tra gim st c xy dng nh gi tnh hiu
qu ca vic thc hin cc yu cu v thc hnh qun l tt (GMP) v cc quy
phm thc hnh chun (SOPs) tng ng. Trong phm vi ly mu theo di
gim st c 4 (bn) cp cn phi ly mu: trc thu hoch, sau thu hoch ti
trang tri, sau thu hoch ti c s ng gi, v c s bn bun, siu th.
K hoch ly mu trc thu hoch c xy dng nh gi vic thc hin
cc yu cu ca thc hnh nng nghip tt (GAP) v cc qui phm thc hnh
chun (SOPs) tng ng trong qu trnh sn xut, v d: ti nc, bn phn
hu c, s dng thuc bo v thc vt. K hoch ly mu sau thu hoch ti trang
tri c thit k nh gi vic thc hin cc quy phm thc hnh qun l tt
(GMP) v cc quy phm thc hnh chun (SOP) i vi cc khu: thu hoch,
ng gi, vn chuyn, bo qun rau, qu ti ti trang tri. K hoch ly mu sau
thu hoch ti c s ng gi c xy dng nh gi vic thc hin cc yu
cu v thc hnh qun l tt (GMP) v cc quy phm thc hnh chun (SOPs)
tng ng, v d: vic v sinh c s vt cht, x l sau thu hoch, s ch, vn
chuyn an ton sn phm bi ngi lao ng, v.v. Cui cng, k hoch ly mu
ti c s bn bun v siu th c xy dng nh gi cc yu cu v thc
hnh qun l tt (GMP) v cc quy phm thc hnh chun (SOPs) i vi cc
khu vn chuyn v s ch rau, qu ti ti c s bn bun v siu th.
159
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
Phn 4
Phn 4
160
S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs
Cc yu t cn xem xt:
Tt c vic ly mu u c thc hin ti cp trang tri v c s ng gi, hoc
gi l ti im giao hng, tr k hoch ly mu ti c s bn bun v siu th.
Vic ly mu rau, qu ti ti c s bn bun v siu th c coi l ly mu ti
im cui.
Ch tiu phn tch:
Ch tiu thc hin i vi vic ly mu sn phm gm:
Kim loi nng: catmi (Cd), ch (Pd)
Thuc bo v thc vt: theo danh mc lit k trong k hoch ly mu.
nhim vi sinh vt: E. coli, Samonella spp.,.
Qui chun tham chiu: Q46/2007-BYT v QCVN 8-3/2012-BYT
Ly mu v dng c ly mu:
Nhng dng c di y cn c thc hin ly mu sn phm v ng gi vn
chuyn mu:
Ti ng thc phm
Gng tay s dng mt ln
Ko, dng c xn, v/hoc dao tit trng
Cn 70 tit trng dao, ko v dng c xn
Dng c lm lnh
Ti lnh
Phng php ly mu
Di y l mt s c im khi ly mu:
Sn phm ly mu: Theo k hoch ly mu
Tn sut:
o Nghin cu nh gi ban u v iu kin sn xut: trc khi bt u
trin khai m hnh th im.
o iu tra gim st ngay trc thu hoch: 3 ln trong thi gian thc hin
m hnh th im.
o iu tra gim st sau thu hoch ti cp trang tri: 3 ln trong thi gian
thc hin m hnh th im.
o iu tra gim st sau thu hoch ti c s ng gi: 3 ln trong thi gian
thc hin m hnh th im.
o iu tra gim st sau thu hoch ti c s bn bun v siu th: 3 ln
trong thi gian thc hin m hnh th im.
S lng mu n:
o i vi nghin cu nh gi ban u v iu kin sn xut, ngay trc
khi thu hoch:
Cy h ci: 12 cy
Rau n qu: 12 qu ly t 12 cy khc nhau
Rau n l: 1 mu gp 500gr ly t 12 cy khc nhau.
o i vi iu tra gim st trc thu hoach:
Cy h ci: 12 cy
Rau n qu: 12 qu ly t 12 cy khc nhau
Rau n l: 1 mu gp 500gr ly t 12 cy khc nhau.
o i vi iu tra gim st sau thu hoch ti cp trang tri
Cy h ci: 12 cy t 3 ti/ thng, st ng khc nhau
6. NHN DIN MU
Ngay sau khi ly mu, cn ng nhn vo bao b ng mu hoc s dng ming
bng dn xc nhn mu theo m s ca mu hoc bng bt k hnh thc no
khc. Thng s nh du mu cn phi r rng, d c v gi c lu. Khng
s dng bt nc vit ln bao b ng mu bng nha v mc ca bt c th s
ngm vo bao b.
Hon thin bo co ly mu vi nhng thng tin di y:
Ngy thng nm ly mu
Tn v a ch m hnh th im
M s ca mu
Tn ca rau, qu ti c ly
V tr rung ly mu: v d: v tr, rung s. 5
Thng tin nhn din c s ni ly mu: HTX ABC, nng dn XYZ, c s bn
bun 123, v.v.
nh du ln bao b i vi nhng sn phm ng gi, bao gm c tn
nhn hiu, nu c
Ch thch: bt k thng tin no cn thit cho vic truy nguyn ngun gc ca
mu cng nh cc iu kin hon cnh khi ly mu, v d nh: nng dn
rung bn cnh ang phun thuc bo v thc vt, khu rc thi gn vi ao, v
sinh c nhn ca ngi lao ng ti trang tri khng m bo, v.v.
Tn phng kim nghim ni mu c gi ti (s dng vi mc ch truy
nguyn ngun gc)
Ch tiu ngh phn tch: v d: kim loi nng, d lng thuc bo v thc
vt, E. coli gip phng kim nghim bit phi thc hin cng vic g (t vn
k hoch ly mu)
H tn v ch k ca ngi ly mu
Cc kt qu phn tch phng kim nghim hon thin
161
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
ng gi vn chuyn v bo qun
Ngay sau khi ly mu, mu phi c vo thng lnh c v gi nhit
mc 1-5oC t lc ly mu n khi phn tch. i vi phn tch vi sinh vt, thi
gian lu mu ti a t lc ly mu ti khi phn tch l 48 ting. Khng c
mu ng li trc khi phn tch vi sinh.
Phn 4
Rau n qu: 12 qu t 3 ti / thng, st ng khc nhau
Rau n l: 3 mu gp 500 gr ly t 3 ti/ thng, st ng khc nhau
o i vi iu tra gim st sau thu hoch ti c s ng gi: 3 ln trong
thi gian thc hin m hnh th im: ging nh p dng i vi sau thu
hoch ti cp trang tri.
o i vi iu tra gim st sau thu hoch ti c s bn bun v siu th: 3
ln trong thi gian thc hin m hnh th im: ging nh p dng i vi
sau thu hoch ti cp trang tri.
V tr ly mu: Ly mu ngu nhin theo s W cho nghin cu nh gi
iu kin sn xut, trc thu hoch v sau thu hoch, hoc ly cch nhau 5
pht cho sau thu hoch, hoc ly t trn, gia, cui ca ti sn phm ng
gi. i vi vic ly mu c chua ti rung, ngoi vic ly mu theo s W,
cn ly mu ngu nhin t ngn, gia v gc cy.
Phn 4
162
S TAY THC HNH CHUN VietGAP/GMPs
Ngay khi bo co ly mu hon thnh, S Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn
s lu mt bn ti S, gi mt bn cho phng kim nghim v gi mt bn cho
Ban Qun l d n. Bo co ly mu gi cho Phng kim nghim cn phi cho
vo phong b dn kn v gi cng vi mu. Phong b nn lng vo trong ti nha
nu c s dng ti lnh bo qun mu..
7. NG GI VN CHUYN V BO QUN MU
Vic bo qun v vn chuyn mu phi c thc hin trong iu kin m khng
lm nh hng n tnh nguyn vn ca mu. Tnh trng qu nhit c th lm
nh hng n tnh nguyn vn ca mu hoc lm hng rau, qu ti. Nhng
hng dn di y cn phi trit thc hin nhm:
Gi mu ti phng kim nghim ngay lp tc.
Nu khng gi mu ngay th cn phi bo qun mu trong t lnh. Hng
dn ny khng p dng i vi mu t.
Cn bo qun lnh mu cng nhanh cng tt vi nhit t 1-5oC trc khi
gi mu i trnh vic ny n cc mm bnh, nu c.
Chuyn mu c bo qun trong t lnh bng bao b chuyn mu c cht
liu cch nhit qua kim duyt, nh m mu s c chuyn ti phng
kim nghim vi tnh trng tt. Hng dn ny khng p dng i vi mu t.
Kch thc ca bao b ng mu phi m bo ng c tt c cc
mu.
Bao b ng mu, ti lnh, cc vt liu ng gi phi kh v sch.
Chuyn mu trong bao b c ti lnh ph hp m bo mu lun c gi
nhit 1-5oC.
Cn ch khng mu ng gi b ng li trong ti lnh. Mu b ng
li s c kh nng tiu dit cc mm bnh. Khng t ti lnh trc tip ln
mu. C th lt thm mt lp ngoi bao b ng gi mu.
Cn gi cht mu trnh mu b x dch trong bao b ng mu nhng
khng c buc qu cht trnh lm hng hoc nn cht mu trong qu trnh
vn chuyn. Nn s dng cc vt liu ph hp, giy bo hoc giy xn nh
chn.
8. KT QU PHN TCH MU
Phng kim nghim c trch nhim in kt qu phn tch vo bo co phn tch
mu v trong thi gian sm nht gi mt bn bo co kt qu cho Ban qun l
D n, mt bn cho S Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn ni ly mu. Hng
thng, cc kt qu phn tch v vi sinh vt v ho cht s c tng hp (bi
Ban QLDA, chuyn gia t vn k thut Vit Nam v Canada) v tho lun vi S
Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn c phn hi gi ti ngi sn xut v
tnh hiu qu ca vic p dng cc thc hnh sn xut nng nghip tt GAP, thc
hnh qun l tt GPM v cc quy phm thc hnh chun SOPs tng ng.
Phn 4
BIN BN LY MU
S: ...
TT
Loi mu
M t
(m s, kch thc
rung/l, cch ng
gi)
S
M s
mu
Ngu nhin
Khi
M s
lng mu thng cha
163
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
M s d n: .......................................................................................................
Phn 4
164
K hiu m ho:
Nc ti
Nc s ch
D1: t mt
T1: ao, h
S1: ao, h
D2: t tng di
T3: nc ngm
S3: nc ngm
R2: u
R3: cc loi c
Rau
R1: rau n l
R4: rau gia v
Yu cu bo qun: ..............................................................................................
Yu cu lu kho:..................................................................................................
Tun th phng php ly mu:
.............................................................................................................................
Cc ghi ch khc .................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
Ngi ly mu:..........................Ch h/ i din:................................................
(K v ghi r h tn)
(K v ghi r h tn)
Phn 4
PH LC
TT
Thng s
Gi tr gii hn
(mg/kg t kh)
Arsen (As)
12
Cadimi (Cd)
Ch (Pb)
70
ng (Cu)
50
Km (Zn)
200
TT
Thng s(2)
n v
Gi tr gii hn
mg/l
0,001
Cadimi (Cd)
mg/l
0,01
Arsen (As)
mg/l
0,05
Ch (Pb)
mg/l
0,05
Fecal. Coli
S vi khun/100ml
200
Ghi ch
i vi rau n
ti sng
165
CHUI SN XUT KINH DOANH RAU, QU TI
21. QCVN 12-2:2011/BYT - Quy chun quc gia v an ton v sinh i vi bao
b, dng c tip xc trc tip vi thc phm bng cao su.
22. QCVN 12-3:2011/BYT - Quy chun quc gia v an ton v sinh i vi bao
b, dng c tip xc trc tip vi thc phm bng kim loi.
23. TCVN 9016:2011 Rau ti Phng php ly mu trn rung sn xut
24. TCVN 9017:2011 Qu ti Phng php ly mu trn vn sn xut
25. TCVN 5609:2007 (ISO 1839:1980), Ch Ly mu.
26. Quyt nh s 100/2008/QD-BNN ngy 15/10/2008 ca B Nng nghip v
Pht trin nng thn v gii hn ti a cho php i vi kim loi nng trong
phn bn hu c.
27. Quyt inh s 46/2007/QD-BNN ngy 19/12/2007 ca B Y T v Gii hn
ti a cho php i vi d lng thuc bo v thc vt.