Thiết Kế Thí Nghiệm. Phạm Tiến Dũng

B GIO DC V O TO
TRNG I HC NNG NGHIP H NI

Phm Tin Dng
THIT K TH NGHIM
V X L KT QU
Bng phn mm thng k IRRISTAT
H ni 2008
LI TA
y l cun sch hng dn thc hnh trn my vi tnh phn tch cc kt qu
thc nghim trong nng nghip bng IRRISTAT 4.0 trong Window. Vi cch ch dn
ngn gn dng nhiu hnh nh minh ho cc bc c th nn rt tin cho ngi s
dng. c bit l vi nhng ngi khng am hiu nhiu v my tnh cng nh kin
thc v thng k cng c th s dng c. Sch rt cn thit cho sinh vin v cc
nghin cu vin nng nghip trong nghin cu, thit k th nghim v x l cc kt
qu th nghim ca h.
Ni dung c bn gm 5 Chng
Chng 1: Gii thiu khi qut nhng ni dung v chc nng c bn ca
IRRISTAT 4.0 trong Window.
Chng 2: Gii thiu cch qun l s liu trong IRRISTAT 4.0.
Chng 3: Thit k th nghim
Chng 4: Phn tch phng sai cc kt qu th nghim
Chng 5: Phn tch tng quan v hi quy
Chng 1v 2 c dch t Tutorial Manual ca IRRISTAT 4.0 for Windows do
Biometric Unit ca Internationnal Rice Research Institute bin son.
Cc chng 3, 4, 5 tc gi a cc v d c th v hng dn cch thc hin trn my
tnh cho mi trng hp thit k v phn tch kt qu chy c. y l cc v d mu
cho ngi hc lm theo trn IRRISTAT 4.0 cng nh 5.0
Trong khun kh v iu kin cn nhiu hn ch, khng trnh khi nhng thiu
st trong bin son. Rt mong nhn c nhiu kin ng gp qu bu ca bn c.
Tc gi
Trng i hc Nng nghip H Ni Gio trnh Thit k th nghim v x l kt qu bng IRRISTAT.i
LI GII THIU
IRRISTAT l b chng trnh x l s liu thng k ca Vin nghin cu la
Quc t. y l b chng trnh quen thuc vi cc cn b ngnh trng trt, phc v
thit thc cho vic b tr th nghim v x l kt qu nghin cu v la v cc cy
trng khc. Ni dung v cch dng IRRISTAT ver. 92-1 c gii thiu trong tp
sch tin hc cho Cao hc cc ngnh sinh hc ca trng i hc Nng nghip
IRRISTAT lc gm cc phn:
1.B tr th nghim trn ng rung vi 4 kiu chnh: hon ton ngu nhin
(RCD), khi ngu nhin (RCB), chia (Split-plot), chia bng (Strip-plot). Mi kiu c
th c 1, 2 hoc nhiu nhn t (ngoi khi coi l mt nhn t dc bit, thc cht l mt
hn ch do iu kin khng th la chn nhiu th nghim ng nht). Phn ngy
gip cho vic tht k cc th nghim nh chia khi, chn kch thc , sp xp ngu
nhin cc theo yu cu ca kiu th nghim.
2.Phn tch phng sai 4 kiu th nghim trn, ngoi ra cn c 2 phn Pooled
ANOVA v Combined ANOVA lin kt cc kt qu th nghim trn nhiu vng,
qua nhiu nm hoc cn o nhiu t. Sau khi phn tch phng sai c th so snh cc
trung bnh qua 2 phng php chnh l LSD v Duncan, c th i su hn nh gi
mt s kt qu thng qua phng php lp cc tng phn. Phn ny vit t m st vi
ni dung Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research ca Kwanchai A.Gomez &
Arturo A.Gomez ca vin nghin cu la quc t.
3.Tng quan, hi quy tuyn tnh v a thc. Phn ny c phn tch hi quy
n, hi quy bi tuyn tnh, hi quy a thc, sau khi tnh cc h s hi quy c bng
phn tch phng sai v phn tch phn d.
4.Mt s tin ch qun l s liu nh sao chp tp, bin i s liu. Nhn
chung y l b s liu c trung bnh, thit thc cho phn tch s liu trong cc th
nghim v cy trng. Tuy nhin, chng trnh cn nhiu nhc im nh chy rt
chm, c qu nhiu cu hi m ngi dng nu khng c hng dn y hoc
khng c ti liu chi tit th khng dng c, phn tr gip hu nh khng c, v th
s v xu, ni dung hp (ch bao gm nhng vn c s ca mn thng k sinh hc)
cha p ng c cc yu cu mi trong nghin cu nng nghip.
B chng trnh IRRISTAT ver 4.0 l mt bc nhy vt v chuyn hon ton
sang chy di Windows vi nhiu ni dung mi. C th gii thiu nhng nt mi
chnh nh sau:
1. Ton b chng trnh hot ng di dng cc Menu theo ng khuynh
hng chung ca cc chng trnh chy di Windows.
2. Cc d liu c truy nhp d dng v thun tin hn trc nhiu.
3. B chng trnh gi li phn phn tch phng sai nh c nhng tng
qut hn phn chia thnh trng hp cn i v phn hi quy tng qut vi
hnh v p nh cc b chng trnh thng k khc, ngoi ra b sung
nhiu phn mi nh phn tch nh hng ca ging v mi trng, phn
tch tnh n nh, mt s vn nh lng trong phn tch gen v phn
chia nhm theo mt s m hnh.
Trng i hc Nng nghip H Ni Gio trnh Thit k th nghim v x l kt qu bng IRRISTAT.ii
Ton b cc phn mi ny rt cn thit cho vic nhin cu su hn v ging v

nh hng ca mi trng. Phn chia nhm theo mt s m hnh mang tnh phc ho,
tim cch ng dng mt s m hnh thng k nhiu chiu xem xt s gn gi ca
mt s ging hay ca mt s mi trng.
Tuy c rt nhiu u im nhng y mi ch l bc u chuyn sang chy
di Windows nn cn mt s thiu st, khng thun tin v tng qut nh cc b
SAS, SPSS. V ni dung tuy b sung thm nhiu phn nhng vn ch tp trung
xung quanh vic nh gi ging v mi trng. Phn tr gip ngho nn khng tho
mn c cho ngi dng khi gp kh khn.
Trn y l mt s nhn xt chung v b chng trnh IRRISTAT bn c
c mt s nim tuy s lc nhng khi qut v IRRISTAT.
Sch ny khng nhm gii thiu tng qut v IRRISTAT m tp trung vo 2
phn: (1) Gii thiu cch dng IRRISTAT ver 4.0 v (2) Dng IRRISTAT thit k
v phn tch mt s mu phn tch phng sai v hi quy hay gp trong nghin cu
cy trng.
Phn gii thiu c son t m theo ti liu hng dn cch dng IRRISTAT
ver 4.0 do b phn Biometric ca Vin la Quc t bin son. Qua vic gii thiu cc
loi ca s (ca s chnh, ca s qun l d liu, ca s vn bn, ca s ho) chng
ta c th hnh dung ra cch lm vic vi IRRISTAT. Trong mi ca s c cc cng
vic (menu) v trn mn hnh s xut hin nhiu loi cng c nh cc nt iu khin,
nt tu chn, cc hp danh sch, hp kim sot, hp son tho Vic s dng cc
menu, cc nt cc hp c gii thiu k lng vi cc hnh minh ho rt c th.
Trong phn II tc gi chn mt s mu thit k th nghim thng gp trong
nghin cu cy trng c km theo v d v kt qu x l trn IRRISTAT ver 4.0.
i vi th nghim mt nhn t c 4 kiu thit k:
1. Th nghim mt nhn t thit k kiu hon ton ngu nhin (CRD).
2. Th nghim mt nhn t thit k kiu khi ngu nhin y (RCB).
3. Th nghim mt nhn t b tr kiu vung La tinh (LS).
4. Th nghim mt nhn t b tr kiu li vung (Lattice design).
Tr kiu li vung c gii thiu k hn cn 3 kiu u th ch cp s
qua v c nhiu ti liu hng dn v c dy trong gio trnh phng php th
nghim.
i vi th nghim 2 nhn t c 4 kiu thit k:
1. Th nghim 2 nhn t kiu hon ton ngu nhin (CRD)
2. Th nghim 2 nhn t kiu khi ngu nhin y (RCB).
3. Th nghim 2 nhn t kiu chia ln nh (Split-plot).
4. Th nghim 2 nhn t kiu chia bng (Strip-plot).
C 4 kiu ny u c gii thiu k v cc ti liu khc hoc khng vit k
hoc khng nu r l do phi thit k nh vy km theo vic phn tch u khuyt ca
tng kiu.
i vi th nghim 3 nhn t tc gi gii thiu 2 kiu quen thuc l RCB v
chia ln va nh (Split-split-plot).
Ngoi cc kiu thit k th nghim ni trn tc gi chn 2 vn ang c
nhiu ngi quan tm l phn tch s liu khi thit k trn nhiu a im v khi thit
k qua nhiu nm.
Phn tch hi quy gm:
Trng i hc Nng nghip H Ni Gio trnh Thit k th nghim v x l kt qu bng IRRISTAT.iii
- Hi quy tuyn tnh n. Phn ny c gi quen v c th nhanh chng

hiu c cc kt qu phn tch.
- Hi quy bi tuyn tnh. Phn ny c gii thiu k hn v phc tp v
c nhiu chi tit cn phi ni r khng phm phi sai lm khi s dng cc
kt qu phn tch.
Hin nay sinh vin cc nghnh k thut nng nghip khi cy trng u c
hc tin hc, xc sut thng k, phng php th nghim vi khi lng gi v kin
thc trnh by khng nh nhng thiu mt ti liu hng dn t m vic dng mt b
chng trnh thng k x l s liu. Ti hy vng cun sch ny s p ng c
yu cu ca ng o bn c.
Nh gio u t
Nguyn nh Hin
Trng i hc Nng nghip H Ni Gio trnh Thit k th nghim v x l kt qu bng IRRISTAT.iv
Chng 1
GII THIU C BN V IRRISTAT 4.0
IRRITAT l chng trnh phn mm my tnh c vit ti IRRI (Vin ghin cu
la quc t ti Philippine) qua nhiu phin bn khc nhau, cc phin bn trc y
thng chy trong mi trng DOS, s dng km thun tin, phin bn 4.0 ny
chy c trong mi trng Window nn s dng thun tin hn. IRRISTAT c
chc nng chnh thit k th nghim, qun l v phn tch thng k c bn,
phn tch phng sai v hi qui cc s liu thc nghim thu c trong nghin cu
khoa hc. Chng trnh c th chy trong bt k h thng hot ng no ca
Window 32 bt. Khi ci t chng trnh vo my, hy chy file SETUP. EXE.
trn a ci t. Khi khi ng chng trnh, chy file IRRISTAT. EXE. hoc kch
chut vo biu tng c ci t, xem biu tng trn hnh 1.1. Hin nay
phn mm ny c phin bn 5.0 xong v c bn khng khc nhiu. Vy cho
mc ch ca sch ngi c c th s dng c hai phin bn nh nhau trn c s
gii thiu ca sch ny.
Hnh 1.1. Biu tng Shortcut ca IRRISTAT trn mn hnh.

IRRISTAT c bin son ch yu thit k th nghim, phn tch cc s liu
thu c t mt th nghim c thit k v thc hin ng phng php, nhng
c nhiu ni dung c th s dng phn tch s liu t cc ngun nghin cu
khc.
Cc m hnh phn tch chnh v chc nng khc nhau bao gm:
1. Qun l s liu bng spreadsheet
2. Trang ghi kt qu
3. Phn tch phng sai
Trng i hc Nng nghip H Ni Gio trnh Thit k th nghim v x l kt qu bng IRRISTAT..1
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Phn tch hi qui

Phn tch nh hng ca ging v mi trng
Phn tch di truyn s lng
Phn tch theo nhm
V th
Ngu nhin ha s th nghim, phng sai ca trung bnh nhiu nhn t
v a thc trc giao.
1.1. Cc ca s Window
1.1.1. Cc menu chnh ca Window (Main Window)
Ca s chnh ca Window s cung cp cho ngi s dng cc menu v cc thanh
cng c nh hnh 1.2.
Hnh 1.2. Cc menu chnh ca Window

1.1.2. Ca s qun l s liu (Data Editor)
m c ca s data editor, chn Window trn ca s chnh xong kch p
chut vo data editor, data editor s c m nh hnh 1.3.
Hnh 1.3. Ca s qun l s liu (data editor)

Data editor trnh by s liu di dng hng v ct. Mi hng l mt trng hp

v mi ct l mt bin. C th ghi s liu mi vo hng, ct hoc c th nhp s
liu t file ca trang vn bn hoc file excel v dbase. Mt lc c th m ng thi
mt hoc nhiu file s liu. S file c m nhiu hay t tu thuc kh nng nh
ca my tnh.
V d bng s liu trong data editor nh sau (Hnh 1.4):
Hnh 1.4. Bng s liu c lu tr trong Data editor

1.1.3. Text Editor (Thng l ca s qun l file kt qu)
c text editor, cng chn t menu Window trong ca s chnh xong chn text
editor s c text editor m nh hnh 1.5.
Hnh 1.5. Ca Text editor
V d kt qu tnh ton ghi trong text editor nh 1.6:
Hnh 1.6. Kt qu phn tch lu li trong Text editor

1.1.4. Ca s v th (Graph Window)
M ca s ny t trong menu Analysis ca ca s chnh Window nh hnh 1.7
di dy
Hnh 1.7. Ca s v th (Graph Window)

V d mt th c v trong Graph Window nh hnh 1.8 sau y:
Hnh 1.8. th c v trong Graph Window

1.2. Cc menu (menus)
Mi ca ca Window trong IRRISTAT c cc menu ring v c cc la chn
thch hp vi chc nng ring ca chng.
1.2.1. Cc menu chnh ca Window
- Menu File (hnh 1.9): c dng m file, cng c th dng data editor
hoc text editor m file (tu thuc vo kiu file), cng c th dng save
the log file, save-as the log file hoc c th in the log file t menu ny.
Hnh 1.9. Menu File trn Main Window

- Menu Edit (hnh 1.10): c s dng cut, copy, past hoc xo Log window
Hnh 1.10. Menu Edit trn Main Window

- Menu Analysis (hnh 1.11): c s dng chy cc phn tch thng k, bao
gm cc thng k m t, phn tch phng sai, phn tch hi qui, phn tch tng
tc gen v mi trng ca cc th nghim ging cy trng, phn tch di truyn s
lng, phn tch phn bit cc ni nghin cu, phn tch mu phn lp v v
th.
Hnh 1.11. Menu Analysis trn Main Window

- Menu Utinities (hnh 1.12): c s dng xy dng thit k th nghim, to
cc th nghim tng qut c trung bnh bnh phng v cc h s tng phn a
thc trc giao.
Hnh 1.12. Menu Utinities trn Main Window

- Menu Window (hnh 1.13): c s dng thay i cc ca Window khc
nhau trong IRRISTAT hoc sp xp li cc trnh by ca Window.
Hnh 1.13. Menu Window trn Main Window

1.2.2. Ca Data Editor
- Trong Data Editor c th s dng menu File (hnh 1.14) xy dng, ct gi, m
li file v in file s liu, nhp s liu t Excel Workbook, t Text file v Dbase
file, v a s liu t file c ui SYS sang Excel hoc Text file.
Hnh 1.14. Chc nng ca menu file trong Data Editor

- S dng menu Edit cut, copy, v dn cc gi tr trong datasheet (hnh
1.15). M new trong menu file ca Data Editor c hnh 1.15.
Hnh 1.15. Chc nng ca menu Edit trong Data Editor

- S dng menu Options sa cha cc mc, chuyn i s liu, xp hng, to
cc mc, thm, bt, nhp s liu, xo bin v t chnh xc ring cho s liu
(hnh 1.16).
Hnh 1.16. Menu Options trong Data Editor

- S dng menu Tools sp xp trt t s liu, chuyn i dy s liu song song
hoc ngc li (hnh 1.17).
Hnh 1.17. Menu Tools trong Data Editor

- S dng menu Window sp xp li mt hoc nhiu ca Window khc (hnh
1.18)
Hnh 1.18. Chc nng ca menu Window trong Data Editor

1.2.3. Cc menu ca Text Editor
- S dng menu File to file mi, m file, in v ct gi text file, tm tt cc
kt qu thng k v ra lnh (hnh 1.19).
Hnh 1.19. Chc nng ca menu file trong Text Editor

- S dng menu Edit sa cha file vn bn (hnh 1.20)
Hnh 1.20. Chc nng ca menu Edit trong ca Data Editor

- S dng menu Format thay i c im font ca file vn bn (hnh 1.21).
Hnh 1.21. Chc nng ca menu Format trong Text Editor

- S dng menu Window trong Text Editor sp xp li cch trnh by ca ca
Window (hnh 1.22).
Hnh 1.22. Chc nng ca menu Window trong Text Editor

1.3.
Cch s dng cc hp phn khc trong IRRISTAT
1.3.1. Cc nt iu khin (Command Buttons)

Command buttons l s iu khin bng hnh m n ch hnh ng cn c thc
hin. Ngui s dng c th chn nt bm bng cch kch chut khi con tr trn
nt. V d nh trn hnh 1.23 c hai nt c chn.
Hnh 1.23. Hai nt iu khin c chn
1.3.2. Cc hp son tho (Text Boxes)

Text boxes c s dng vo thng tin, sa cha. V d hnh 1.24 l mt text
box m t n v o ca bin nng sut, hnh 25 ghi ch phn tch hi qui.
Hnh 1.24. Text box m t n v o ca bin nng sut
Hnh 1.25. Text box ghi ch ca phn tch hi qui

1.3.3. Hp danh sch (List Boxes)
List boxes c s dng a ra la chn cho ngi s dng quyt nh la
chn no. Trong IRRISTAT c hai loi danh sch: ngun v mc tiu. Danh sch
mc tiu cha cc mc cn cho phn tch. Danh sch mc tiu c ly ra t danh
sch ngun.
V d trn hnh 1.26 bin NSUAT ang c chn l mt trong nhng bin
ngun (m mu).
Hnh 1.26. Bin ngun ang c chn

Bin GIONG ang c chn trn hnh 1.27 l bin mc tiu. c bin mc
tiu, chn bin ngun xong kch chut vo add pha di ca hp mc tiu s
c, khi mun loi b danh sch bin mc tiu th chn bin xong kch chut
vo Remove.
Hnh 1.27. Bin mc tiu GIONG ang c chn.

1.3.4. Hp kim sot (Check boxes)
Check boxes dng iu khin cc la chn ring m n hoc hin hoc n. Khi
la chn bin th du check mark xut hin. Khi la chn n th du check mark
bin mt. Ngi s dng c th thay i trng thi ca check boxes bng cch
kch chut vo hp hoc n nt Select (Spacebar) khi du check box c t
vo. Hnh 1.28 l mt v d v hp check box c su la chn c nh du.
Hnh 1.28. Cc check boxes c la chn

1.3.5. Nt tu chn (Option Buttons)
Mt Option button th hin mt la chn n l trong b cc la chn loi tr c
gii hn. Khi mt Option button c la chn, im vng trn c in du
chm, khi khng c la chn th vng trn trng. Hnh 1.29 l mt v d.
Hnh 1.29. Nt tu chn Forward Selection c chn
1.3.6. Hp tng gim (Spin Boxes)

Spin box ch chp nhn mt b s c gii hn cc gi tr c a vo th t.
Ngi s dng c th nh mt gi tr mi vo text box, kch chut vo mi tn
ln tng gi tr, hoc vo mi tn xung gim ga tr. V d v hp tng gim
nh hnh 1.30 c ba hp tng gim, mt hp cho Replication, hp th hai cho
Number of levels v hp th ba dng cui cng.
Hnh 1.30. Minh ho hp tng gim

1.3.7. Danh sch tu chn (Drop-down List)
Drop-down list l mt danh sch c th thay i trng thi gia ng v m. Mt
trong s la chn ca danh sch c th c bi en v c chuyn vo text line
bng cch kch p chut, hnh 1.31 l mt v d.
Hnh 1.31. Minh ho danh sch tu chn

Chng 2. MT S CCH QUN L S LIU C BN

Mc tiu ca phn ny gip cho ngi hc bit cch qun l cc s liu nghin
cu thu c trong IRRISTAT v mt s php bin i n gin. C th cc ni
dung cn nm bt nh sau:
- Bit cch vo s liu trc tip t Data Editor
- Nhp s liu t text file, excel file, v dbase file
- To bin mi bng cch s dng cc php tnh s hc, cc hm s v
cc tnh ton khc.
- To bin mi bng cc bin c hoc cc gi tr thiu
- a s liu t file c ui SYS sang excel hoc text file
2.1. B s liu mu
B s liu mu trong IRRISTAT thng c biu hin di dng bng nh sau
(hnh 2.1). S liu c th hin di dng hng v ct, ct l th t cc bin v
hng l cc c th ghi c. File s liu thng c save di dng ui SYS.
Hnh 2.1. B s liu mu trong IRRISTAT

2.2. To file s liu
phn tch c s liu trong IRRISTAT, trc ht cn a s liu vo file c
ui SYS bng Data Editor. c s liu trong file ui SYS, c th ly t file c
sn trong Excel, Dbase hoc vo s liu trc tip cho Data Editor. Data Editor
cng ging nh mt Workshet, vo bin trn cc ct v vo s liu ca cc c th
trn cc hng.
m c Data Editor, t ca s chnh Window chn Data Editor. Khi vo Data
Editor, cc menu c th lm vic ngay l File, Window, Help (hin m, r), cn
cc menu khc nh Edit, Options, Tools (hin m) cha c kh nng lm vic

nhng chng s lm vic ngay sau khi m file (hnh 2.2).
Hnh 2.2. Ca s Data Editor m vi menu File

C th ly s liu qua menu File bng 4 cch khc nhau sau y:
A. New: Vo s liu trc tip bng Data Editor
B. Open: M file c sn vi ui SYS
C. Reopen: M nhng file va mi c lm gn nht
D. Import: Nhp file t Excel, text hoc Dbase file
2.2.1. Nhp s liu qua Data Editor
m New, chn File ----> New t ca s Data Editor s c mt workshet
nh hnh 2.3.
Hnh 2.3. Mt workshet mi c m trong Data Editor

Trn mn hnh th hin mt m ngha l mt bin v mt quan st. Thm hng

hoc ct na bng cch dch chuyn cc mi tn trn bn phm xung hoc sang
ngang cho n khi c s hng, s ct nh mong mun. Khi hng hoc ct mi
xut hin, IRRISTAT lun th hin cc bng cc du chm, l cc cell trng
sn sng cho nhp s liu (hnh 2.4).
Hnh 2.4. Workshet mi sn sng cho nhp s liu

IRRISTAT to ra cc tn bin gi trn mi ct, v d nh VAR01, VAR02,
VAR03. i tn bin bng cch kch chut phi vo tn bin mun i, ca s
nh xut hin c 2 hp nh, xo tn bin gi (VAR01 chng hn) trong hp u
tin t bin mi theo mun, nu cn thit th kch chut vo hp nh th hai
m t cho tn bin mi c t trong hp nh bn trn, s c nh hnh 2.5.
Hnh 2.5. t v m t tn bin

Khi n nh tn bin cho mi ct, khng c ghi tn bin di hn 8 k t (khng
k du $). Du $ c a vo sau tn bin khi mun bin nhn k t l ch.
Sau khi t tn bin xong ta c bng mi cn trng cho nhp s liu (v d hnh
2.6).
Hnh 2.6. Bng s liu c thit k xong

Khi nhp s liu vo cc trng, c th dng cc phm Tab hoc mi tn
chuyn con tr qua hng hoc ct. Cc gi tr ca bin trong mi khng c di
qu 12 k t.
Cc gi tr hoc bin trong mi c th copy c bng cch chn Edit xong chn
Copy hoc cng c th copy bng cc biu sn c nh ca Window trn mn hnh.
Khi vo s liu xong, c th chn Options sa cha tn bin hoc m t thm
v bin xong vo menu file vo save as xong t tn file hoc dng biu tng
save trn mn hnh v ch file c save phi c ui SYS (my s t ng gn
ui SYS). File cn c save trong IRRISTAT thun tin cho sau ny m ra
phn tch. Khi file c save, v tr v tn ca file s c ch nh gc phi,
bn di ca mn hnh Data Editor.
Sau khi save file xong, c th m li sa cha s liu khi vo b nhm. Khi sa
cha, ch cn chn b sai xong nh ln. Lc ny s c b s liu nh hnh 1
sn sng cho phn tch.
2.2.2. Vo s liu bng cch m file c sn (Open)
m file cho vic sa i s liu, thm bin,...v lm mt s php tnh ton khc
trn file c ui SYS hy chn File -----> Open. Khi hp thoi m, hy chn file
cn m xong kch Open. Data Editor s cho thy s liu, s bin v v tr ca file
c m nh hnh 2.1.
m 2 file ui SYS cng mt lc, hy m ln lt tng file mt xong chn

Window, vo Tile Horizontally s c 2 file xp lin tip nhau nh hnh 2.7, nu
chn Tile Vertically s c 2 file xp song song theo chiu thng ng nh hnh
2.8
Hnh 2.7. Tile Horizontally
Hnh 2.8. Tile Vertically
2.2.3. M li (Re-Open).
M file s liu bng cch m li nhng file mi c m gn nht c ui SYS,
hy chn File -----> Chn Re-Open, chn file cn m v kch chut vo, cch lm
c th nh hnh 2.9.
Hnh 2.9. M file mi ng gn nht

2.2.4. Nhp s liu vo IRRISTAT t file khc (Import).
c im ca IRRISTAT l ch c c sheet u tin trong workbook c m.
Tn bin cn hng u tin bn trn, ch c 8 k t (khng k du $), tn
bin nh tnh cn c du $ cui.
nhp s liu t Excel, hy chn File -----> Import data -----> Excel workbook
nh hnh 2.10.
Hnh 2.10. Nhp s liu vo IRRISTAT t Excel

Khi hp thoi m, hy a tn file Excel cn m sau kch p chut vo file

excel c ui XLS c chn hoc c th lm lnh copy t excel xong m file
trong IRRISTAT v dng lnh Paste.
2.2.5. To bin mi t bin c
V d mun to bin mi NSLT t file c sn l file SoGiong. Sys theo cng thc
sau:
NSLT (ta/ha) = Sobong * Tluong * Sohat / 10.
Cc bin c sn l Sobong, Tluong, Sohat. Cch lm nh sau:
Chn File -----> Open t Data Editor hoc m li file. Khi file c m, vo
Options -----> Recode nh hnh 2.11.
Hnh 2.11.
Khi hp thoi Recode m, kch chut vo New pha di hp New Variables s
thy mt hp nh Variable Name xut hin, nh ch NSLT vo, xong OK. Khi
ny ch NSLT s xut hin trong hp New Variable, kch chut vo ch ny n s
xut hin tip di hp Commands xong dng Numeric Keypad nh ton b
cng thc nh trn hnh 2.12
Hnh 2.12. Ghi cng thc tnh thm bin mi

Sau khi c hnh 2.2, nhn chut vo Run chy chng trnh v ta s thu c
kt qu nh hnh 2.13, trn hnh ny thy xut hin thm bin mi (NSLT). Save
file s liu mi c tnh vi ui SYS cho x l tip.
Hnh 2.13. Kt qu tnh bin mi (NSLT)
Chng 3
THIT K TH NGHIM
Mc ch: Gip hc sinh bit cch thit k mt s th nghim bng phn mm
IRRISTAT 4.0 vi cc cch thit k khc nhau t s thit k trn my tnh
ngi thit k s c mt bn thit k hon ton khch quan, m bo tnh nguyn
tc v chnh xc ca thit k th nghim, ng thi gip cho ngi lm thc
nghim c th trin khai c th nghim trn thc t mt cch d dng, chun
xc.
Trong phn hc l thuyt, ngi hc c gii thiu cch thit k th nghim
trong hai nhm : th nghim mt nhn t v th nghim hai nhn t, tuy nhin
trng hp hai nhn t ch dng li hai trng hp. Trong phm vi sch ny s
gii thiu 3 trng hp ca thit k th nghim mt nhn t v 3 trng hp ca
thit k th nghim hai nhn t.
3.1. Thit k th nghim mt nhn t
3.1.1. Th nghim mt nhn t thit k kiu hon ton ngu nhin (CRD)
V d thit k mt th nghim so snh kh nng ny mm ca 5 ging u tng
th t t 1 n 5 (5 cng thc, t = 5), vi 4 ln nhc li (r = 4), c thit k theo
kiu hon ton ngu nhin trong nh th nghim. Cch tin hnh nh sau:
- M IRRISTAT bng cch kch p chut vo biu tng ca IRRISTAT trn
mn hnh ta c ca s IRRISTAT for Windows xut hin nh hnh sau (hnh
3.1)
Hnh 3.1.
-
Chn Utilities, kch chut vo Randomization and Layout ta c nh sau

(hnh 3.2)
Trng i hc Nng nghip H Ni Gio trnh Thit k th nghim v x l kt qu bng IRRISTAT.25
Hnh 3.2.
T nh hnh 3.2, kch p chut vo hp Open s c ca s nh xut hin vi ch
Confirm xut hin trn gc tri hi c quyt nh m mt file lnh mi khng,
ta kch chut vo hp Yes khng nh s c nh sau (hnh 3.3)
Hnh 3.3.
T hnh 3.3, vo hp Desgin title t tn cho thit k th nghim (nh bt k
tn no theo mun). Xong chn COMPLETELY RANDOMIZED DESIGN
trong hp Design type bng cch nhn chut vo mi tn ca hp chn, t s 4
trong hp Replications, vo hp Factor name vit ch GIONG, hp Factor ID vit
ch G, hp Number of levels t s 5 (v c 5 ging) xong kch chut vo mi tn
kp sang phi hp Factors. Trong hp nh u dng cui cng t s 5. Cui
cng c nh sau (hnh 3.4).
Hnh 3.4.
T hnh 3.4 nhn chut vo OK s c kt qu nh sau
RANDOMIZATION AND LAYOUT
========================
FILENAME = "D:\PROGRAM FILES\IRRISTAT\IRRISTAT.RND"
TITLE = "Thiet ke thi nghiem kieu CRD"
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN = COMPLETELY RANDOMIZED DESIGN
REPLICATIONS = 4
TREATMENTS = 4 x 5
**** FACTOR(S) ****
REP (R) = 4 levels
REP (1) = R1
REP (2) = R2
REP (3) = R3
REP (4) = R4
GIONG (G) = 5 levels
GIONG (1) = G1
GIONG (2) = G2
GIONG (3) = G3
GIONG (4) = G4
GIONG (5) = G5
===============================================================
=======
Experimental layout for file: "D:\PROGRAM FILES\IRRISTAT\IRRISTAT.RND"
(COMPLETELY RANDOMIZED DESIGN)
(Note: layout is not drawn to scale)
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 1| 2| 3| 4| 5|
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
| 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
PLOT NO. | TREATMENT ID
1 | R1 G5
2 | R4 G3
3 | R1 G4
4 | R1 G1
5 | R2 G2
6 | R4 G2
7 | R3 G1
8 | R4 G4
9 | R3 G5
10 | R1 G3
11 | R2 G3
12 | R2 G1
13 | R4 G1
14 | R4 G5
15 | R3 G4
16 | R2 G4
17 | R3 G2
18 | R1 G2
19 | R2 G5
20 | R3 G3
T kt qu ngu nhin ho bng my tnh trn y, ta c th c th ho thnh s

b tr th nghim trn thc t nh sau:
Nhc li 1
G5
G4
G1
G3
G2
Nhc li 2
G2
G3
G1
G4
G5
Nhc li 3
G1
G5
G4
G2
G3
Nhc li 4
G3
G2
G4
G1
G5
3.1.2. Th nghim mt nhn t sp xp kiu khi ngu nhin y

(RCB/RCBD)
Mc ch: Ngi hc cn nm c phng php xy dng mt s th nghim
bng cch ngu nhin ho cc cc cng thc vo cc v tr theo cch thit k
c chn.
V d xy dng s th nghim cho mt th nghim sau:
Nghin cu nh hng ca phn bn n nng sut la trong th nghim thit k
kiu khi ngu nhin y (RCB) vi 7 cng thc th nghim trong 3 ln nhc
li. Cc cng thc c tn theo trt t: F1; F2; F3; F4; F5; F6; F7
Ngu nhin ho v to s th nghim bng IRRISTAT
M IRRISTAT xong chn Utilities, chn tip Randomization and Layout t
ca s chnh ca Window nh hnh 3.5.
Hnh 3.5.
Kch p chut vo Randomization and Layout m s c hp thoi xut
hin. nh ch DESIGN vo hp File name nh hnh 3.6 xong kch chut vo
hp Open m file mi s c hnh 3.7
Hnh 3.6.
Hnh 3.7.
Hp nh xut hin nh hnh 3.7 th kch tip vo hp Yes s c ca
Randomization and Layout m (hnh 3.8).
Hnh 3.8.
Tip tc ghi dng ch ANH HUONG CUA PHAN BON DEN NANG SUAT
LUA vo hp Design Title, nhn chut vo hp Design type chn kiu thit k
RANDOMIZED COMPLETE BLOCK, ghi ch PHAN BON vo hp Factor
name, ch P vo hp Factor ID. Tng s 2 trong hp Number of levels ln n s
7 xong nhn chut vo mi tn kp trong hp Factor plot assignment. Vo hp
Replications tng s 2 trong ln s ba. Tng s trong hp cui cng: Plot
dimensions for layout fer replication ln n 7 nh hnh 3.8. Sau nhn chut
vo OK s c kt qu ghi trong text editor nh sau
Kt qu thit k
========================
FILENAME = "D:\PROGRAM FILES\IRRISTAT\DESIGN.RND"
TITLE = "ANH HUONG CUA PHAN BON DEN NANG SUAT LUA"
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN = RANDOMIZED COMPLETE BLOCK
REPLICATIONS = 3
TREATMENTS = 7
**** FACTOR(S) ****
PHANBON (P) = 7 levels
PHANBON (1) = P1
PHANBON (2) = P2
PHANBON (3) = P3
PHANBON (4) = P4
PHANBON (5) = P5
PHANBON (6) = P6
PHANBON (7) = P7
======================================================================
Experimental layout for file: "D:\PROGRAM FILES\IRRISTAT\DESIGN.RND"
(RANDOMIZED COMPLETE BLOCK)
The following field layout applies to all replications:
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
REPLICATION NO. 1
------------------PLOT NO. | TREATMENT ID
1 | P7
2 | P4
3 | P2
4 | P3
5 | P6
6 | P5
7 | P1
REPLICATION NO. 2
1 | P2
2 | P3
3 | P1
4 | P6
5 | P7
6 | P5
7 | P4
REPLICATION NO. 3
1 | P3
2 | P7
3 | P6
4 | P5
5 | P1
6 | P2
7 | P4
T kt qu ngu nhin ho theo cc ln nhc li trn y bng my tnh, ta c th

ho v tr cc cng thc ca cc ln nhc li trn mt s b tr trong thc a
nh sau:
Nhc li 1
Nhc li 2
Nhc li 3
P7
P4
P2
P3
P6
P5
P1
P2
P3
P1
P6
P7
P5
P4
P3
P7
P6
P5
P1
P2
P4
3.1.3. Thit k kiu vung Latin

T ly v d v chn s thit k vung Latin mu di y sau thc hin
cc bc ngu nhin ho theo hng, ct c s thit k.
Mt s s vung latin mu:
3
A
B
C
D
B
A
D
C
C
D
B
A
D
C
A
B
A B C
B C A
C A B
5 x
A B C
B A E
C D A
D E B
E C D
5
D
C
E
A
B
8
C
D
E
F
G
H
A
B
x
D
E
F
G
H
A
B
C
8
E
F
G
H
A
B
C
D
F
G
H
A
B
C
D
E
G
H
A
B
C
D
E
F
H
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
A
B
10
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
A
B
C
x 10
E F
F G
G H
H I
I J
J A
A B
B C
C D
D E
G
H
I
J
A
B
C
D
E
F
H
I
J
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
A
E
D
B
C
A
A
B
C
D
E
F
B
F
D
A
C
E
I
J
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
A
B
C
D
6
C
D
E
F
A
B
J
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
4
B
C
D
A
x
D
C
F
E
B
A
x
C
D
A
B
6
E
A
B
C
F
D
4
D
A
B
C
A
B
C
D
B
D
A
C
F
E
A
B
D
C
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
C
A
D
B
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
A
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
A
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
A
B
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
A
B
C
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
A
B
11
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
A
B
C
D
D
C
B
A
7
B C
C D
D E
E F
F G
G A
A B
9 x
D E
E F
F G
G H
H I
I A
A B
B C
C D
x11
F G
G H
H I
I J
J K
K A
A B
B C
C D
D E
E F
A
B
C
D
x
D
E
F
G
A
B
C
9
F
G
H
I
A
B
C
D
E
B
A
D
C
7
E
F
G
A
B
C
D
C
D
A
B
D
C
B
A
F
G
A
B
C
D
E
G
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
A
B
C
D
E
F
H
I
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
I
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
H
I
J
K
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
I
J
K
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
J
K
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
K
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
3.1.4. Thit k kiu li vung (Lattice) Lattice cn i (Lattice Design

Balanced Lattice).
Kiu thit k ny rt hiu qu khi s cng thc (t) ln, thng t 16 cng thc tr
ln. Trong thit k ny, yu cu s khi (k) trong mi ln nhc li (r) bng cn bc
hai ca s cng thc v s nhc li bng vi s khi cng thm 1.
S cho thit k ny, tu theo s cng thc cn cho nghin cu m la chn mt
trong s cc s mu phn ph lc tu theo s cng thc cn c trong th
nghim
.3.2. Thit k th nghim hai nhn t
3.2.1. Sp xp kiu khi ngu nhin y vi s t hp cc mc cc nhn t

V d: Thit k s th nghim nghin cu nh hng ca cc mc bn m v
ln khc nhau ti nng sut la vi 4 mc m N1, N2, N3, N4 v ba mc ln P1,
P2, P3 to thnh cc t hp cng thc trong thit k khi ngu nhin y
(RCB) c 4 ln nhc li.
Cch tin hnh
Lm cc bc tng t nh v d mc 1.1.1 c nh nh hnh 3.9
Hnh 3.9
T hnh 3.9, nh dng ch bt k vo hp Design title, v d: thi nghiem hai
nhan to thiet ke kieu RCB. Vo hp Design Type chn kiu thit k, trong bi
ny chn RANDOMIZED COMPLETE BLOCK, vo tip hp Replications
tng s hai trong ln s 4. Xong vo tip hp Factor name t tn cho nhn
t c nghin cu, trc ht t tn cho nhn t th nht: hy ghi ch m vo
hp Factor name xong ghi ch N vo hp Factor ID xong tng s 2 trong hp
Number of levels ln s 4 xong nhn chut vo mi tn kp sang phi hp
Factor plot assignment chuyn thng tin t hp Define factor sang hp Factor
plot assignment. Sau tip tc lm nh vy cho nhn t th hai (ln). Khi ny
a con tr vo hp cui cng tng s 1 trong hp cui cng ln 12 s c
nh nh hnh 3.10. T hnh 3.10 kch chut vo OK chay ra kt qu.
Hnh 3.10
Kt qu thit k th nghim hai nhn t t hp trong kiu RCB
========================
FILENAME = "D:\PROGRAM FILES\IRRISTAT\HAINTO.RND"
TITLE = "Thi nghiem hai nhan to thiet ke kieu RCB"
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN = RANDOMIZED COMPLETE BLOCK
REPLICATIONS = 4
TREATMENTS = 3 x 4
**** FACTOR(S) ****
LAN (P) = 3 levels
LAN (1) = P1
LAN (2) = P2
LAN (3) = P3
DAM (N) = 4 levels
DAM (1) = N1
DAM (2) = N2
DAM (3) = N3
DAM (4) = N4
======================================================================
Experimental layout for file: "D:\PROGRAM FILES\IRRISTAT\HAINTO.RND"
(RANDOMIZED COMPLETE BLOCK)
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
REPLICATION NO. 1
1 | P3 N4
2 | P3 N3
3 | P2 N4
4 | P2 N2
5 | P3 N2
6 | P1 N3
REPLICATION NO. 2
1 | P2 N1
2 | P3 N2
3 | P2 N4
4 | P2 N2
5 | P1 N1
6 | P1 N4
7
8
9
10
11
12
|
|
|
|
|
|
P2
P1
P1
P2
P1
P3
N1
N2
N4
N3
N1
N1
7
8
9
10
11
12
REPLICATION NO. 3
1 | P3 N3
2 | P2 N2
3 | P2 N4
4 | P1 N3
5 | P3 N1
6 | P1 N1
7 | P1 N2
8 | P1 N4
9 | P3 N4
10 | P3 N2
11 | P2 N1
12 | P2 N3
|
|
|
|
|
|
P1
P3
P2
P1
P3
P3
N2
N4
N3
N3
N1
N3
REPLICATION NO. 4
1 | P2 N4
2 | P1 N2
3 | P3 N2
4 | P3 N3
5 | P1 N1
6 | P3 N1
7 | P2 N3
8 | P1 N4
9 | P2 N2
10 | P1 N3
11 | P3 N4
12 | P2 N1
S c th cho thit k ny trn c s kt qu ngu nhin ho ca my tnh c

m t nh sau:
Nhc li 1
Nhc li 2
Nhc li 3
Nhc li 4
P3
N4
P1
N2
P3
N3
P2
N4
P3
N3
P3
N2
P2
N2
P1
N2
P2
N4
P2
N4
P2
N4
P3
N2
P2
N2
P2
N2
P1
N3
P3
N3
P3
N2
P1
N1
P3
N1
P1
N1
P1
N3
P1
N4
P1
N1
P3
N1
P2
N1
P1
N2
P1
N2
P2
N3
P1
N2
P3
N4
P1
N4
P1
N4
P1
N4
P2
N3
P3
N4
P2
N2
P2
N3
P1
N3
P3
N2
P1
N3
P1
N1
P3
N1
P2
N1
P3
N4
P3
N1
P3
N3
P2
N3
P2
N1
3.2.2. Thit k th nghim kiu Split-plot

V d: Thit k s th nghim cho th nghim nghin cu nh hng ca cc
mc bn ln khc nhau (4 mc P1, P2, P3, P4) ti nng sut mt s ging lc (ba
ging V1, V2, V3) ti x Tn Minh, Bc, Ho Bnh trong thit k kiu Splitplot. Trong v d ny chn ln l chnh, ging l ph.
Cch tin hnh: Thc hin cc bc tng t v d trong mc 3.1.1 c hnh
3.11
Hnh 3.11
T hnh 3.11 lm cc bc tng t nh lm cho thit k th nghim hai nhn
t t hp trong kiu thit k RCB c nh nh hnh 3.12. Ch trng hp ny
c khc l phi xc nh r u l chnh, u l ph v thc hin cho tng nhn
t mt nh trong hnh ghi: Main l cho chnh c thc hin trc xong n
Sub l cho ph lm sau v hp cui cng ca hnh 3.11, na trn l cho s
mnh ca chnh trong mt ln nhc li cn na di l cho s mnh ca ph
trong mi chnh.
Hnh 3.12
Khi c hnh 3.12 ch cn kch chut vo OK l c kt qu nh di y.
========================
FILENAME = "D:\PROGRAM FILES\IRRISTAT\SPLITPLOT.RND"
TITLE = "Thiet ke thi nghiem kieu Split-plot"
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN = SPLIT-PLOT
REPLICATIONS = 4
TREATMENTS = 4 x 3
**** MAINPLOT ****
LAN (P) = 4 levels
LAN (1) = P1
LAN (2) = P2
LAN (3) = P3
LAN (4) = P4
**** SUBPLOT ****
GIONG (V) = 3 levels
GIONG (1) = V1
GIONG (2) = V2
GIONG (3) = V3
======================================================================
Experimental layout for file: "D:\PROGRAM FILES\IRRISTAT\SPLITPLOT.RND"
(SPLIT-PLOT)
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
REPLICATION NO. 1
1 | P1 V1
2 | P1 V3
3 | P1 V2
4 | P3 V1
5 | P3 V3
6 | P3 V2
7 | P4 V2
8 | P4 V3
9 | P4 V1
10 | P2 V2
11 | P2 V3
12 | P2 V1
REPLICATION NO. 2
1 | P2 V3
2 | P2 V2
3 | P2 V1
4 | P1 V2
5 | P1 V3
6 | P1 V1
7 | P4 V2
8 | P4 V1
9 | P4 V3
10 | P3 V2
11 | P3 V1
12 | P3 V3
REPLICATION NO. 3
1 | P3 V2
2 | P3 V1
3 | P3 V3
4 | P1 V3
5 | P1 V2
6 | P1 V1
7 | P2 V3
8 | P2 V2
9 | P2 V1
10 | P4 V1
11 | P4 V3
12 | P4 V2
REPLICATION NO. 4
1 | P1 V1
2 | P1 V3
3 | P1 V2
4 | P3 V3
5 | P3 V2
6 | P3 V1
7 | P4 V2
8 | P4 V3
9 | P4 V1
10 | P2 V3
11 | P2 V1
12 | P2 V2
C th ho s thit k th nghim kiu Split-plot cho b tr trong thc a ca

trng hp kt qu ngu nhin ho bng my trn y c m t nh sau:
Nhc li 1
V1
Nhc li 2
V3
P1
V3
P2
V2
Nhc li 3
V2
P3
V1
V1
P1
V3
Nhc li 4
V2
V2
V2
P3
V3
P1
V3
V1
V3
P1
V2
V1
V3
P3
V2
V2
V1
V1
V3
V2
V1
V1
V2
V2
P4
V3
P4
V1
V3
V3
P2
V2
V1
V2
P4
V3
V1
V2
P2
V3
P3
V1
V3
V1
P4
V3
V2
V3
P2
V1
V2
V1
Ghi ch: ln c v m cho cc mc bn ca ln (P1, P2, P3, P4)

nh v ng mnh v khng ko di ht cho cc ging (V1, V2, V3)
3.2.3. Thit k th nghim kiu Strip Plot

V d c mt th nghim nghin cu nh hng ca 3 mc bn m v 4 mc ln
khc nhau n nng sut la trong thit k kiu Strip Plot vi 3 ln nhc li. Cc
bc thit k trn IRRISTAT nh sau:
Trn ca s chnh ca IRRISTAT chon Utinities, chn tip Randomization and
Layout, sau chn Factorial Design nh trn nh sau (hnh 3.13)
Hnh 3.13
Sau ca s Open a rendomization and layout m nh hnh 3.14
Hnh 3.14
t tn cho file lm vic trong File name, xong kch chut vao open cho ca s
sau (IRRISTAT: Randomization and Layout) xut hin nh hnh 3.15 di y
Hnh 3.15.
T ca s trn, vit dng ch cho thit k trong hp Design title (vit ty
khng quy nh), chn kiu thit k trong hp Design type bng kch chut vo
mi tn en chn, sau xc nh s nhc li trong hp Replications theo
mun, ghi tn nhn t theo chiu ng vo Factor name trong hp Define factor,
ghi k hiu ca nhn t di ng trong hp Factor ID v s mc ca nhn t di
ng trong hp Number of levels xong kch chut vo mi tn kp hng Horz:
trong hp Factor plot assignment chuyn thng tin t hp Define Factor sang
dng Horz. Tip tc lm nh vy cho nhn t di ngang.
Bc tip theo l xc nh s ph hp vi s mc ca mi nhn t trong
hp plot dimensions for layout per replication nh nh trn.
Cui cng, kch chut vo OK chy m hnh thit k c kt qu nh
di y:
========================
FILENAME = "C:\PROGRAM FILES\STRIPPLOT.RND"
TITLE = "Thiet ke thi nghiem kieu Strip Plot"
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN = STRIP-PLOT
REPLICATIONS = 3
TREATMENTS = 3 x 4
**** HORIZONTAL ****
DAM (N) = 3 levels
DAM (1) = N1
DAM (2) = N2
DAM (3) = N3
**** VERTICAL ****
LAN (P) = 4 levels
LAN (1) = P1
LAN (2) = P2
LAN (3) = P3
LAN (4) = P4
======================================================================
Experimental layout for file: "C:\PROGRAM FILES\STRIPPLOT.RND"
(STRIP-PLOT)
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
REPLICATION NO. 1
1 | N2 P2
2 | N2 P3
3 | N2 P1
4 | N2
5 | N3 P2
6 | N3 P3
7 | N3 P1
8 | N3
9 | N1 P2
10 | N1 P3
11 | N1 P1
12 | N1
REPLICATION NO. 2
1 | N1 P1
2 | N1 P2
3 | N1 P3
4 | N1
5 | N2 P1
6 | N2 P2
7 | N2 P3
8 | N2
9 | N3 P1
10 | N3 P2
11 | N3 P3
12
N3
REPLICATION NO. 3
1 | N1 P1
2 | N1 P3
3 | N1 P2
4 | N1
5 | N3 P1
6 | N3 P3
7 | N3 P2
8 | N3
9 | N2 P1
10 | N2 P3
11 | N2 P2
12 | N2
T kt qu, dng Table v s thit k th nghim v ghi cc nhn t t kt qu thit

k vo nh sau
P2
N2
N3
N1
P1
N1
N2
N3
P1
P3
P2
P3
P1
P3
P2
P4
P4
P4
Nhc li I
Nhc li II
N1
N3
N2
Nhc li III
Chng 4
PHN TCH PHNG SAI (ANOVA)
4.1. Th nghim mt nhn t
4.1.1. Th nghim mt nhn t b tr kiu hon ton ngu nhin (Completely
Randomized Design: CRD)
Kiu thit k ny c s dng khi cc n v th nghim c la chn l hon
ton ng nht. Ch yu p dng cho cc loi th nghim c tin hnh trong
phng th nghim, chu vi hoc xi mng.
Bng phn tch phng sai c cu to nh bng 2.1:
Bng 4.1. Bng phn tch phng sai
Source of
variation
Treatment
Error
(residual)
Total
Dgree of
freedom
t-1
t(r-1)
Sum of square
Mean square
tr-1
Trong : t l s cng thc trong th nghim

r l s ln nhc li
V d: C mt th nghim so snh 9 ging la lai c k hiu th t t G1, G2,
G3, G4, G5, G6, G7, G8, v G9, G1 l ging i chng. Th nghim c 4 ln nhc
li c b tr kiu hon ton ngu nhin (CRD) trong cc xi mng. Kt qu thu
nng sut c ghi li nh bng 4.2.
Bng 4.2. Nng sut 9 dng la trn cc ln nhc li
Nng sut trn cc ln nhc li (ta/ha)
Ging
1
2
3
G1
35
30
27
G2
48
46
44
G3
52
49
55
G4
45
48
50
G5
52
58
56
G6
56
63
56
G7
58
55
63
G8
55
56
59
G9
64
72
72
4
32
42
51
53
52
61
55
57
71
Phn tch ANOVA bng IRRISTAT c thc hin theo trnh t sau:
Vo s liu
T ca s chnh ca IRRISTAT, chn Window
Data Editor
File
New. Khi bng s liu mu ca Data Editor xut hin, to cc bin theo
yu cu sau vo s liu t bng 4.1 s c kt qu nh hnh 4.1 v save file
vi ui SYS.
Hnh 4.1. Vo s liu trong IRRISTAT

Tin hnh phn tch
T ca s chnh Window, chn Analysis
nh hnh 4.2
Anova
Balanced Analysis
Hnh 4.2.
Kch chut vo Balanced Analysis m hp Open nh hnh 4.3
Hnh 4.3
Khi hp Open m nh hnh 4.3, t tn file vo hp nh File name xong kch
chut vo Open s c hp thoi xut hin hi: Create new Command File th kch
tip chut vo Yes s c hnh 4.4. Tn mi t trong File name l file ghi kt
qu sau khi phn tch c gn ui gfc v trong text editor.
Hnh 4.4
T hnh 4.4, kch p chut vo file s liu cn phn tch trong IRRISTAT s
c hnh 4.5 nh sau:
Hnh 4.5
T hnh 4.5, chn NSUAT trong hp Data File Variables xong kch vo Add di
hp Analyis Variates a bin ny vo v l bin phn tch (nu chn nhm
th kch chut vo Remove a ra). Chn NLAI v GIONG$ a sang hp
Factors, chn tip GIONG$ t hp Factors a xung hp ANOVA Model
Specification (di ch -CONST-) s c nh hnh 4.6.
Hnh 4.6.
T hnh 4.6, chn Options cho hp Heading m xong nh dng ch v d:
Phn tch ANOVA kt qu th nghim b tr kiu CRD nh hnh 4.7.
Hnh 4.7.
Trn hnh 4.7, bm chut vo OK chay ra kt qu nh sau:

Kt qu phn tch ANOVA
(1) BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE
NSUAT FILE SOGIONG
1/11/** 12:30
---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE
Phan tich ANOVA ket qua thi nghiem thiet ke kieu CRD
VARIATE V003 NSUAT Tinh bang ta/ha

LN
SOURCE OF VARIATION
DF
SUMS OF
MEAN
F RATIO PROB ER
SQUARES
SQUARES
LN
=============================================================================
1 GIONG
8 3681.22
460.153
46.36 0.000 2
* RESIDUAL
27 268.000
9.92594
----------------------------------------------------------------------------* TOTAL (CORRECTED)
35 3949.22
112.835
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
(2) TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE SOGIONG

1/11/** 12:30
---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE
2
MEANS FOR EFFECT GIONG
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------GIONG
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
NOS
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
NSUAT
31.0000
45.0000
51.7500
49.0000
54.5000
59.0000
57.7500
56.7500
69.7500
SE(N=
4)
1.57527
5%LSD 27DF
4.57085
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------(3) ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE SOGIONG
1/11/** 12:30
---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE
F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL. SECTION - 1

VARIATE
NSUAT
GRAND MEAN
(N=
36)
NO.
OBS.
36 52.722
STANDARD
DEVIATION C OF V |GIONG
-------------------- SD/MEAN |
BASED ON
BASED ON
%
|
TOTAL SS
RESID SS
|
10.622
3.1505
6.0 0.0000
|
|
|
|
nh gi kt qu
Trong kt qu tnh c c 3 phn:
Phn (1). l bng phn tch phng sai, dng 5, 6, 7 l kt qu phn tch phng
sai. Dng 4 l tiu ca cc dng 5, 6, 7.
SOURCE OF VARIATION: l ngun bin ng
DF: l t do ng vi mi ngun bin ng
SUMS OF SQUARES: l tng cc lch bnh phng ca cc ngun bin ng
MEAN SQUARES: l trung bnh bnh phng (phng sai) ng vi mi ngun
F RATIO: T s F c tnh t trung bnh bnh phng ca GIONG chia cho
trung bnh bnh phng ca RESIDUAL
PROB: L xc sut chp nhn Ho ( Ho thng ni: cc cng thc (GIONG) khc
nhau khng dn n kt qu khc nhau). Ngi ta thng chp nhn Ho khi xc
sut ny ln hn 0.05 iu c nghi cc cng thc th nghim b tr khc nhau
khng cho kt qu khc nhau ( ni chnh xc hn l khc nhau cha c ngha)
v nh vy th th nghim v ngha. Nhng nh vy khng c ngha l bc b tt
c m trong c th vn c cng thc c ngha nn khi bc b vn c th xem
xt c th s khc bit ca cc cng thc phn (2). Trng hp ngc li, khi
xc sut ny nh hn hoc bng 0.05 (thc t thng c chp nhn trong nng
nghip nh vy). Lc ny kt lun l cc cng thc th nghim khc nhau dn
n kt qu khc nhau mt cch c ngha vi mc xc sut nh hn hoc bng
0.05 hoc c th ni c th hn l bng bao nhiu (kt qu c th).
Phn (2). l bng kt qu tnh trung bnh ca cc cng thc th nghim (GIONG).
Dng cui cng ca phn ny l gi tr sai khc nh nht c ngha mc xc
sut nh 5%. Cn c vo gi tr ny v hiu s ca mi trung bnh cc cng thc
m so snh v kt lun cho s hn km ca cc cng thc vi nhau.
Phn (3). Thc cht l kt qu tng hp ca hai phn trn nhng c thm mt mc
rt quan trng l dng cui cng ca ct gn cui cng, y chnh l sai s ca th
nghim, n cho bit th nghim tin hnh t chnh xc l bao nhiu phn trm.
nh gi c th trong th nghim ny: Do xc sut chp nhn Ho rt nh nn
chng t cc ging khc nhau cho kt qu nng sut khc nhau c ngha
mc rt cao. Sai s th nghim bng 6% nn kt lun l th nghim t yu cu v
chnh xc.
Cn c vo phn (2) c th ni tt c cc ging th nghim u cho nng sut cao
hn ging i chng mt cch c ngha cao. Cao nht l ging s 9, tip n l
cc ging 5, 6, 7, 8, tip n l cc ging 2, 3, 4.
d dng hn cho ngi c kt qu, c th dng phng php sp xp hnh hc
kiu a, b,c,... biu din kt qu so snh mt cach t m hn v r rng hn (s
c trnh by trong phn sau).
4.1.2. Phn tch phng sai (ANOVA) kt qu th nghim mt nhn t b tr

kiu khi ngu nhin y (Randomized Complete Block Design: RCB)
Kiu thit k ny thng c p dng rng ri trong b tr th nghim ngoi thc
a khi cc n v th nghim ch ng nht theo nhm. Lc coi nhm ng
nht l mt khi (nhc li) v b tr ngu nhin cc cng thc ca mi ln nhc li
trong mi khi.
Bng phn tch phng sai tng qut cho trng hp ny nh bng 4.3
Source of
Degree of
Sum of
Mean square F
variation
freedom
square
Reps.
r1
Treatment t 1
Error
(r1)(t1)
Total
tr 1
V d: Nng sut ca 6 mt gieo vi la nc trong th nghim b tr kiu khi
ngu nhin y (RCB) vi 4 ln nhc li, kt qu c ghi li nh bng 4.4
Bng 4.4. Nng sut la ca cc mt gieo ht khc nhau trn cc ln nhc li
Mt
(kg/ha)
25
50
75
100
125
150
Nng sut (kg/ha)

Nlai1
5113
5346
5272
5164
4804
5254
Nlai2
5398
5952
5713
4831
4848
4542
Nlai3
5307
4719
5483
4986
4432
4919
Nlai4
4678
4264
4749
4410
4748
4098
Qu trnh phn tch

Vo s liu trong Data Editor trc tip hoc vo qua Excel, kt qu ghi
trong Data Editor nh hnh 4.8.
Hnh 4.8.
Sau khi vo s liu xong, save file vi ui SYS sau tip tc lm cc bc
phn tch c cc hnh ging nh hnh 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5 bi tp phn tch
ANOVA kiu thit k CRD v c hnh 4.9 nh sau:
Hnh 4.9.
T hnh 4.9, chn bin NSUAT t hp Data File Variables a sang hp Analysis
Variates, hai bin cn li a sang hp Factor. Sau chn c hai bin trong hp
Factor a xung hp ANOVA Model Specification c hnh 4.10.
T hnh 4.10, chn menu Option xong nh vo hp Heading dong ch Phn tch
ANOVA kt qu th nghim so snh mt ging gieo b tr kiu RCB xong
bm chut vo OK chy cho kt qu
Hnh 4.10.
Kt qu phn tch ANOVA
(1). BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE
NSUAT FILE MADO
2/11/** 10:35
---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE
1
Phan tich ANOVA ket qua thi nghiem so sanh mat do
giong gieo bo tri kieu RCB
VARIATE V003 NSUAT
LN
SOURCE OF VARIATION
DF
SUMS OF
MEAN
F RATIO PROB ER
SQUARES
SQUARES
LN
=============================================================================
1 NLAI
3 .194436E+07 648120.
5.86 0.007 3
2 MATDO
5 .119833E+07 239666.
2.17 0.112 3
* RESIDUAL
15 .165838E+07 110558.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------* TOTAL (CORRECTED)
23 .480107E+07 208742.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------(2). TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE MADO
2/11/** 10:35
---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE
2
MEANS FOR EFFECT NLAI
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------NLAI
1
2
3
4
NOS
6
6
6
6
NSUAT
5158.83
5214.00
4974.33
4491.17
SE(N=
6)
135.744
5%LSD 15DF
409.180
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------MEANS FOR EFFECT MATDO
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------Trng i hc Nng nghip H Ni Gio trnh Thit k th nghim v x l kt qu bng IRRISTAT.50
MATDO
25
50
75
100
125
150
NOS
4
4
4
4
4
4
NSUAT
5124.00
5070.25
5304.25
4847.75
4708.00
4703.25
SE(N=
4)
166.252
5%LSD 15DF
501.141
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------(3). ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE MADO
2/11/** 10:35
---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE
3

VARIATE
NSUAT
GRAND MEAN
(N=
24)
NO.
OBS.
24 4959.6
STANDARD
DEVIATION C OF V |NLAI
-------------------- SD/MEAN |
BASED ON
BASED ON
%
|
TOTAL SS
RESID SS
|
456.88
332.50
6.7 0.0075
|MATDO
|
|
|
0.1124
|
|
|
|
Trong kt qu phn tch ny cng c ba phn kt qu tng t nh kt qu ca

phn phn tch ANOVA cho th nghim b tr kiu hon ton ngu nhin (kiu
CRD).
Cch nhn xt kt qu tng t nh phn tch nhn xt ca trng hp b tr kiu
CRD. Ngi hc t tm ra im khc nhau v kt qu so vi trng hp b tr kiu
CRD. Cng c th dng s liu ca trng hp th nghim b tr kiu CRD
chay theo cch b tr RCB thy c vai tr ca vic phn khi (tc dng ca
cch b tr th nghim theo kiu RCB).
4.1.3. Phn tch ANOVA kt qu th nghim b tr kiu vung Latin (Latin
Square Design: LS).
Trng hp ny thng c p dng trong nhng iu kin khi cc n v th
nghim khng ng nht nhng ngi nghin cu c th xc nh c hai hng
khng ng nht chnh vung gc vi nhau. Vic b tr th nghim c tin hnh
theo cc s vung Latin mu (nh cho trong phn thit k kiu vung la tin
c gii thiu phn trn) sau khi c ngu nhin ho hai ln, mt ln ngu
nhin ho s hng v mt ln ngu nhin ho s ct ca vung la tin mu.
Phn tch ANOVA cho trng hp ny, ta c bng phn tch phng sai tng qut
vi bn ngun bin ng thnh phn (bin ng theo hng, theo ct, theo cng
thc v bin ng ngu nhin) c th hin nh bng 4.5
Bng 4.5. Bng ANOVA cho trng hp LS

Source of
Degree of
Sum of
Mean square F
variation
freedom
square
Row
Colum
Treatment
Error
Total
V d c mt th nghim so snh nng sut ca ba ging lc (A,B,D) so vi ging
i chng (C) trong th nghim b tr kiu vung Latin, nng sut thu c
thng di dng bng nh bng 4.6.
Bng 4.6. Nng sut ca bn ging lc qua cc khi (ct)
Hng
1
2
3
4
Ct 1
1740(B)
1565(C)
1750(A)
1570(D)
Nng sut ( kg/ha )

Ct 2
Ct 3
1311(D)
1530(C)
1205(A)
1350(D)
825(C)
1625(B)
1280(B)
1690(A)
Ct 4
1445(A)
1370(B)
1200(D)
915(C)
Cc bc tin hnh cho phn tch phng sai

Vo s liu trong IRRISTAT
Save file vi ui SYS c kt qu nh hnh 4.11
Hnh 4.11.
Cc bc phn tch
Thc hin cc bc tng t nh trng hp CRD cho n khi c hnh 4.12.
Nhng c im khc vi trng hp phn tch ca CRD l: sau khi chn menu
Analysis trn ca s chnh ca Window th chn tip Single Site Analysis.
Hnh 4.12.
Trn hnh 4.12, chn bin NSUAT t hp Data File Variables a vo hp
Analysis Variates, khi a vo bin ny s t ng vo hp Analysis Variates w/
ANOVA, lc ny ta c hnh 4.13.
Hnh 4.13.
T hnh 4.13, kch chut vo menu SSA Model, s c hnh 4.14
Hnh 4.14.
T hnh 4.14, kch chut vo mi tn ca hp Type of Design chn dng Latin

Square. Lc ny ta s c hnh 4.15.
Hnh 4.15.
Sau t hnh 4.15, a bin GIONG $ vo hp Treatment, a HANG vo hp
Row, a COT vo hp Column c hnh 4.16.
Hnh 4.16.
Tip tc chn Options, hp Heading m v nh vo hp Heading dng ch
Phn tch kt qu th nghim thit k kiu vung Latin chng hn nh hnh
4.17. Sau kch chut vo OK chy m hnh.
Hnh 4.17.
Kt qu chy m hnh phn tch nng sut lc
ANOVA FOR SINGLE VARIATES - LATIN SQUARE FILE LATIN
2/11/** 14: 6
---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE
Phan tich ket qua thi nghiem thiet ke kieu O vuong Latin
(1).VARIATE V004 NSUAT

------------------------------------------------------------------SOURCE
D.F.
S.S.
M.S.
F
FPROB
------------------------------------------------------------------ROW
3
63597.7
21199.2
COLUMN
3
702945.
234315.
TREATMENT
3
256475.
85491.7
5.43
0.039
ERROR M.S.
6
94400.3
15733.4
TOTAL
15
0.111742E+07
------------------------------------------------------------------GIONG$ B
, GIONG$ 1 HAS REDIDUAL -1.7 SEs: -130.125
GIONG$ C
, GIONG$ 1 HAS REDIDUAL 1.6 SEs:
123.875
GIONG$ A
17.625
GIONG$ D
, GIONG$ 1 HAS REDIDUAL -0.1 SEs:
-11.375
GIONG$ B
53.625
GIONG$ C
-92.625
GIONG$ A
-48.875
GIONG$ D
87.875
GIONG$ B
18.875
GIONG$ C
62.375
GIONG$ A
51.375
GIONG$ D
, GIONG$ 3 HAS REDIDUAL -1.7 SEs: -132.625
GIONG$ B
57.625
GIONG$ C
-93.625
GIONG$ A
-20.125
GIONG$ D
56.125
BOX PLOT OF STUDENTIZED RESIDUALS FROM LPLT= -1.727
NO.<LPLT
0 ---------I
+
MEDIAN=
0.2376E+00 ANDERSON-DARLING STATISTIC=
L.S.D. (5%)
216.95
TO ULPT=
1.613
NO.>UPLT
I--------------0
0.520
COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION
8.97
(2). MEANS FOR EACH VARIETY - LATIN SQUARE FILE LATIN

2/11/** 14: 6
---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE
2
Phan tich ket qua thi nghiem thiet ke kieu O vuong
Latin
LATIN1
- SECTION 1
ENTRY
B
C
A
D
NSUAT
1504.
1209.
1522.
1358.
MEANS
1398.
(3). OVERALL:
MEANS
STD ERR
5% LSD
C.V.
RES DF
% EFFCY
1398.
62.72
216.9
9.
6.
90.
T kt qu chy c, ta quan tm phn tch trn ba phn:

(1). L bng phn tch phng sai: trong trng hp ny, xc sut chp nhn Ho
ct cui ca bng phn tch phng sai bng 0,039 nh hn 0,05 nh vy ta bc b
Ho v kt lun rng cc cng thc (ging) khc nhau dn ti kt qu th
nghim (nng sut) khc nhau mt cch c ngha thng k vi tin cy 95%
(2). L nng sut trung bnh ca cc cng thc (ging)
(3). L Kt qu tng hp gm c trung bnh ton th nghim, gi tr sai khc nh
nht c ngha mc xc sut nh 5% v sai s th nghim C.V %
Dng kt qu nng sut trung bnh phn (2) so snh hiu s ca tng cp
trung bnh vi nhau so vi gi tr sai khc nh nht (5% LSD) phn (3) kt
lun i trung bnh c so snh c khc nhau thc s hay khng. V d so trung
bnh ging A vi trung bnh ging B ta c hiu ca chng bng 18 nh hn
216.9 nh vy nng sut ca hai ging ny khng khc nhau hay ni mt cch
chnh xc hn l khc nhau cha c ngha. Nhng nu so snh nng sut ca
ging A vi ging i chng C, ta c hiu ca chng bng 313 ln hn 216.9
c ngha l nng sut ca hai ging ny khc nhau mt cch c ngha thng k
vi mc tin cy 95%.
Cn sai s th nghim trong trng hp ny l C.V % bng 9 nh vy c th chp
nhn c th nghim l chnh xc (i vi th nghim so snh ging mt s tc
gi ngh cn t chnh xc cao hn: C.V % nn bng 5) vy tu tng trng
hp c th ngi nghin cu s c kt lun cui cng.
Cch biu din kt qu c th trong bo co s c trnh by trong phn sau
4.1.4. Phn tch phng sai kt qu th nghim b tr kiu Lattice cn i
Trong phn tch ny cn xc nh cc thnh phn bin ng ca phn tch phng
sai bao gm: nhc lai, cng thc cha iu chnh, khi c iu chnh, sai s
trong khi, cng thc c iu chnh, v sai s hiu qu. Ta c bng phn tch
phng sai nh sau, bng 4.7
Bng 4.7. ANOVA cho thit k th nghim kiu Lattice cn i

Source of
variation
Reps.
Trea. (unadj)
Block (adj)
Intrablock error
Trea.(adj)
Effective error
Total
Degree of freedom
K = t1/2
K2 - 1
K2 - 1
( k-1)(K2 - 1)
K2 -1
( k-1)(K2 - 1)
K2( k+1) 1
Sum of
square
Mean
square
V d: c mt th nghim so snh hiu qu ca 16 cng thc bn phn khc nhau

trong thit k Lattice cn i. Nh vy th nghim phi c 5 ln nhc li (r = 5), s
khi khng y l k bng 4. Kt qu th nghim thu c c trnh by ng
theo s thit k nh bng 4.8 di y:
Bng 4.8. S dnh trn m2 ca 16 cng thc bn phn, thit k kiu Lattice cn
i 4 x 4
Khi
s
1
2
3
4
Nlai 1
(1)
147
(5)
127
(9)
147
(13)
155
Tng Nli 1
Khi
s
9
(1)
155
10
(5)
182
11
(9)
137
12 (13)
185
Tng Nli 3
(2)
152
(6)
155
(10)
100
(14)
195
(3)
167
(7)
162
(11)
192
(15)
192
T.kh Khi
i s
(4) 616
5
150
(8) 616
6
172
(12) 616
7
177
(16) 747
8
205
Nlai 3
(6)
162
(2)
130
(14)
185
(10)
122
(11)
177
(15)
177
(3)
152
(7)
182
(16)
152
(12)
165
(8)
152
(4)
192
Nlai 2
(1)
140
(10)
97
(7)
155
(16)
182
2595 Tng Nli 2

T.kh Khi
i s
646
13
(1)
220
654
14 (13)
205
626
15
(5)
165
681
16
(9)
155
2607 Tng Nli 4
(5)
165
(2)
155
(15)
182
(8)
207
(9)
182
(14)
192
(3)
192
(12)
232
T.khi
(13)
152
(6)
142
(11)
192
(4)
162
(7)
175
(11)
180
(3)
200
(15)
185
586
721
783
2729
T.khi
Nlai 4
(14)
202
(2)
152
(10)
150
(6)
177
639
(12)
205
(8)
187
(16)
160
(4)
172
802
724
675
689
2890
Khi
s
17
(1)
147
18
(9)
180
19 (13)
172
20
(5)
177
Tng Nli 5
Nlai 5
(10)
112
(2)
205
(6)
212
(14)
220
(15)
177
(7)
190
(3)
197
(11)
205
T.kh
i
(8) 583
147
(16) 742
167
(12) 773
192
(4) 827
225
2925
tin hnh phn tch phng sai, thc hin cc bc sau:

Vo s liu trn trong IRRISTAT, kt qu ghi li trong File c ui sys
c th hin nh hnh 4.18 di y
Hnh 4.18
Cc bc phn tch trn IRRISTAT
Lm tng t trng hp thit k kiu vung latin cho n khi c hnh 4.19 sau:
Hnh 4.19
T hnh 4.19, chn SODANH t hp Data File Variable a vo hp Analysis
Variate v n s t ng vo hp Analysis Variate w/ANOVA, ta c hnh 4.20 sau
Hnh 4.20
T hnh 4.20, kch chut vo menu SSA Model, tip tc chn Lattice Blocks trong
hp Type of Design, a NLAI vo hp Replicate, KHOI vo hp Block, CTHUC
vo hp Treatment c hnh 4.21 sau y
Hnh 4.21
T hnh 4.21, chn option hp Heading m, nh dng ch Thiet ke Lattice
can doi vo hp Heading, trong hp Sorting Variate v hp Variate for
Percentage Checks u chn SODANH c hnh 4.22 sau
Hnh 4.22
T hnh 4.22, kch chut vo hp OK chy chng trnh cho kt qu di y:
Kt qu chy m hnh phn tch
ANOVA FOR SINGLE VARIATES - LATTICE BLOCK FILE LATTICE
7/ 1/** 9:39
---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE
Thiet ke Lattice can doi
VARIATE V004 SODANH

------------------------------------------------------------------SOURCE
D.F.
S.S.
M.S.
------------------------------------------------------------------REPS
4
5946.05
1486.51
TREATMENTS (UNADJ)
15
26994.4
1799.62
BLOCKS ADJ FOR TRTS
15
11381.8
758.789
INTRA-BLOCK ERROR
45
14533.3
322.962
TOTAL
79
58855.6
VARIANCE COMPONENT FOR BLOCKS
136.2
------------------------------------------------------------------TREATMENTS (ADJ)
15
20988.0
1399.20
RANDOMIZED BLOCK ERROR
60
25915.2
431.919
EFFECTIVE PLOT ERROR
45
16620.2
369.337
------------------------------------------------------------------F FOR TREATMENTS(ADJ)/INTRA-BLOCK ERROR
4.33 FPROB= 0.000
F FOR TREATMENTS(UNADJ)/RANDOMIZED BLOCK ERROR
4.17 FPROB= 0.000
EFFICIENCY
116.9%
(C phn m t tt c d tha ca tt c cc cng thc qua cc ln nhc li vo v

tr ny nhng ta khng quan tm nn b i )
L.S.D. (5%)
24.48
COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION
11.18
MEANS FOR EACH VARIETY - LATTICE BLOCK FILE LATTICE

7/ 1/** 9:39
---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE
Thiet ke Lattice can doi
LATICEKQ
ENTRY
- SECTION 1
14
12
11
15
3
SODANH
197.2
190.5
188.2
185.7
183.9
8
4
6
13
7
176.9
175.7
173.8
169.5
168.4
16
1
9
5
2
167.8
165.8
163.0
162.9
161.0
10
118.8
MEANS
171.8
OVERALL:
MEANS
STD ERR
5% LSD
C.V.
RES DF
% EFFCY
171.8
8.595
24.48
11.
45.
117.
Phn tch kt qu
Trong bng phn tch phng sai, IRRISTAT tnh tt c cc ngun bin ng cn
thit nh bng ANOVA tng qut nu trn, t do, tng bnh phng v
phng sai cho cc ngun nh sau:
Dng s 7 l ca nhc li
Dng 8 l ca cng thc cha iu chnh
Dng 9 l ca cc khi c iu chnh theo cng thc
Dng 10 l ca sai s trong khi
Dng 11 l ca tng ton b
Dng 12 l hp phn phng sai cho cc khi
Dng 13 l cho cng thc c iu chnh
Dng 14 l cho sai s ca khi ngu nhin
Dng 15 l cho sai s hiu qu ca th nghim
Dng 16 l tr s F thc nghim v xc sut chp nhn H0 cho cng thc
c iu chnh so vi sai s trong khi
- Dng 17 cng tng t dng 16 nhng cho cng thc cha c iu chnh so
vi sai s khi ngu nhin
- Dng 18 l hiu qu ca cch dng Lattice lm tng chnh xc ca th
nghim ln 17%
- Dng 19 l g tr LSD0.05 v sai s th nghim
- Cc kt qu pha di tip theo c biu th ging nh cho cc v d nu
trn vi cc cch thit k khc nhau.
Cc quan tm chnh cho phn tch tip theo ca v d ny l thuc cc dng 16, 17,
18 v 19 cho thy trong c hai trng hp khi kt qu c iu chnh hay khng
iu chnh so vi sai s trong khi v khi ngu nhin u cho kt lun cc cng
thc khc nhau dn n kt qu khc nhau (v xc sut chp nhn H0 cho c hai
trng hp u rt nh). Hiu qu ca p dng thit k kiu Lattice cn i lm
tng chnh xc ca th nghim ln 17%. Gi tr LSD0.05 l 24.48. Sai s th
nghim t 11,18%. Nu so trung bnh ca cng thc 14 vi 12 s c hiu sai bng
xp x 7 nh hn gi tr LSD0.05 chng t chng khc nhau khng ng tin cy,
nu so cng thc 14 vi 10 s c kt lun ngc li v hiu ca chng ln hn gi
tr LSD0.05 ngha l chng khc nhau ng tin cy mc tin 95%. Ta cng c
th so snh tt c cc i trung bnh vi nhau v biu din kt qu di dng cc
ch s a, b, c,....
-
4.2. Th nghim hai nhn t

4.2.1. Phn tch kt qu th nghim hai nhn t thit k kiu hon ton
ngu nhin (CRD)
Trong trng hp ny, cc mc ca cc nhn t c phi hp thnh cc t
hp cng thc khc nhau v mi t hp c coi nh cc cng thc n l ca
th nghim mt nhn t cho vic b tr th nghim theo kiu hon ton ngu
nhin.
V d: C mt th nghim nghin cu nh hng ca vic bn phi hp a mc
m (ao, a1) v b mc ln (bo, b1, b2) khc nhau ti nng sut la (t/ha), th
nghim c b tr kiu hon ton ngu nhin vi bn ln nhc li trong cc
xi mng. Nng sut th nghim c ghi li nh bng 4.9 sau y:
Bng 4.9. Nng sut la ca cc t hp cng thc trn cc ln nhc li
Nng sut (t/ha)
m (A)
Ln (B)
Nli 1
Nli 2
Nli 3
Nli 4
bo
24
26
23
27
ao
b1
28
30
30
27
28
31
32
28
b2
bo
31
34
34
31
a1
b1
47
45
47
46
b2
59
51
65
60
Trong phn tch phng sai cho trng hp ny, ta cn phn tch thy c
vai tr nh hng ca m, ln v s phi hp ca m v ln khc nhau n
nng sut la. Bng phn tch phng sai c hnh thnh nh bng 4.10 sau:
Source of
Degree of
Sum of
Mean square
variation
freedom
square
Factor A
a-1
Factor B
b-1
AxB
(a-1)(b-1)
Error
(r-1)ab
Total
rab-1
Cc bc tin hnh cho phn tch phng sai
Vo s liu trong IRRISTAT
Save file vi ui SYS c kt qu nh hnh 4.23 sau:
Hnh 4.23
Trng i hc Nng nghip H Ni Gio trnh Thit k th nghim v x l kt qu bng IRRISTAT.
63
Cc bc phn tch
Lm lin tc bn bc u c cc hnh tng t nh cc hnh 4.2, 4.3,
4.4, 4.5 trong trng hp phn tch ANOVA ca thit k kiu CRD c hnh
4.24 sau y.
Hnh 4.24.
T hnh 4.24, chn bin NSUAT a vo hp Analysis Variates, ba bin
cn li a vo hp Factor. Tip tc a bin DAM$, LAN$ v DAM$ x
LAN$ t hp Facor vo hp ANOVA Model Specification c hnh
4.25
Hnh 4.25.
T hnh 4.25, vo menu Options hp Heading m v nh dng ch
ANOVA cho thi nghiem hai nhan to thiet ke kieu hoan toan ngau nhien
xong kch chut vo hp OK chy ra kt qu nh di y.
BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE
NSUAT FILE FSAIHNTO
6/ 1/** 23: 9
---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE
1
ANOVA cho thi nghiem thiet ke kieu hoan toan ngau
nhien
VARIATE V004 NSUAT
64
LN
ER
SOURCE OF VARIATION
DF
SUMS OF
MEAN
SQUARES
SQUARES
F RATIO PROB
LN
============================================================================
=
1 DAM$
1 2016.67
2016.67
226.88 0.000
4
2 LAN$
2 962.333
481.167
54.13 0.000
4
3 DAM$*LAN$
2 462.333
231.167
26.01 0.000
4
* RESIDUAL
18 159.999
8.88885
---------------------------------------------------------------------------* TOTAL (CORRECTED)
23 3601.33
156.580
--------------------------------------------------------------------------TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE FSAIHNTO
6/ 1/** 23: 9
---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE
2
nhien
MEANS FOR EFFECT DAM$
----------------------------------------------------------------------------DAM$
NOS
12
12
ao
a1
NSUAT
27.5000
45.8333
SE(N= 12)
0.860661
5%LSD 18DF
2.55715
----------------------------------------------------------------------------MEANS FOR EFFECT LAN$
----------------------------------------------------------------------------LAN$
NOS
8
8
8
bo
b1
b2
NSUAT
28.7500
37.0000
44.2500
SE(N=
8)
1.05409
5%LSD 18DF
3.13186
----------------------------------------------------------------------------MEANS FOR EFFECT DAM$*LAN$
----------------------------------------------------------------------------DAM$
ao
ao
ao
a1
a1
a1
LAN$
bo
b1
b2
bo
b1
b2
NOS
4
4
4
4
4
4
NSUAT
25.0000
27.7500
29.7500
32.5000
46.2500
58.7500
SE(N=
4)
1.49071
5%LSD 18DF
4.42911
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
65
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE FSAIHNTO

6/ 1/** 23: 9
---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE
3
nhien

VARIATE
|DAM$
|LAN$
|$
GRAND MEAN STANDARD

DEVIATION C OF V
|DAM$*LAN|
(N=
24)
-------------------- SD/MEAN |
|
NO.
BASED ON
BASED ON
OBS.
TOTAL SS
RESID SS
12.513
2.9814
|
|
NSUAT
0.0000
24
36.667
8.1 0.0000
0.0000
Phn tch kt qu
Nhn vo bng phn tch phng sai ta thy cng tng t trng hp th
nghim mt nhn t c b tr kiu hon ton ngu nhin, trong bng
khng c thnh phn bin ng bnh phng ca nhc li v trng hp ny
cng coi cc n v th nghim l hon ton ng nht.
V l th nghim hai nhn t nn trong bng ANOVA c ba ngun bin
ng c bn do nhn t nghin cu gy nn: bin ng do m, bin ng
do ln v bin ng do tng tc ca m v ln. Kt qu cho thy m
khc nhau, ln bn khc nhau v s phi hp m vi ln khc nhau u
dn ti nng sut khc nhau c ngha thng k cao (xc sut chp nhn H0
rt b = 0,000).
Phn tip theo ca bng l nng sut trung bnh theo cc mc ca nhn t A
v gi tr LSD0.05 tng ng ca chng, t y d dng so snh chnh lch
nng sut gia hai mc ca A vi LSD0.05 kt lun. C th cho v d ny,
chnh lch nng sut gia hai mc ca nhn t A l rt ln so vi LSD0.05
nn c th i n kt lun l cc mc ca nhn t A khc nhau dn n
nng sut khc nhau mt cch c ngha. Tng t nh vy l mc ln bn
khc nhau cng cho nng sut khc nhau rt c ngha thng k, c th hn
l mc ln b2 cho nng sut cao nht sau n mc b1 v thp nht l b0.
Bng tip theo l nng sut di s tc ng kt hp cc mc ca nhn t A
v B, bng cch so snh tng t ta thy s kt hp ca mc a1b2 cho
nng sut cao nht, sau n a1b1 v thp nht l nng sut ca s kt hp
hai mc a0b0.
Nhn vo dng cui cng, ct C of V thy CV% bng 8,1%, vi th nghim
trong xi mng th chnh xc nh vy l khng cao, theo l thiuyt
chung phi l 5% mi tt.
4.2.2. Phn tch phng sai kt qu th nghim hai nhn t thit k kiu
khi ngu nhin y (RCB).
Phn tch phng sai cho trng hp ny c xy dng xc nh hiu qu
ca mi nhn t A, B v tng tc ca chng ti kt qu th nghim ng thi
cn xc nh bin ng ca khi loi tr n ra khi sai s th nghim. Gi
66
thit trong th nghim nhn t A c a mc, nhn t B c b mc vi r ln nhc

li, bng phn tch phng sai c cu to nh bng 4.11 sau:
Bng 4.11. ANOVA cho th nghim hai nhn t thit k kiu khi ngu nhin
y
Source of
Degree of
Sum of
Mean square F
variation
freedom
square
Reps.
r-1
Factor A
a-1
Factor B
b-1
AxB
(a-1)(b-1)
Error
(r-1)(ab-1)
Total
rab-1
V d: Dng file s liu c sn trong IRRISTAT ca v d trn (th nghim hai
nhn t thit k kiu hon ton ngu nhin) tin hnh phn tch ANOVA cho
trng hp ny. Cch tin hnh c th nh sau:
Thc hin cc bc phn tch tng t nh trng hp phn tch
ANOVA cho kiu thit k CRD n bc c hnh nh hnh 4.24 trong v
d trn y. Tip tc a bin NSUAT vo hp Analysis Variate, ba
bin cn li a vo hp Factor. Sau a bin NLAI, DAM$,
LAN$ t hp Factor v DAM$ x LAN$ xung hp ANOVA Model
Specification c hnh 4.26 nh sau:
Hnh 4.26
T hnh 4.26, kch chut vo menu Options hp Heading m xong nh
dng ch ANOVA cho thi nghiem hai nhan to thiet ke kieu khoi ngau hien
day du vao hp ny sau kch chut vo hp OK chy phn tch cho kt
qu nh di y.
NSUAT FILE FSAIHNTO
6/ 1/** 22:35
---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE
ANOVA cho thi nghiem hai nhan to thiet ke kieu
khoi ngau nhien day du
VARIATE V004 NSUAT

67
LN
ER
SOURCE OF VARIATION
DF
SUMS OF
MEAN
SQUARES
SQUARES
F RATIO PROB
LN
============================================================================
=
1 NLAI
3 30.0000
10.0000
1.15 0.360
5
2 DAM$
1 2016.67
2016.67
232.69 0.000
5
3 LAN$
2 962.333
481.167
55.52 0.000
5
4 DAM$*LAN$
2 462.333
231.167
26.67 0.000
5
* RESIDUAL
15 129.999
8.66662
---------------------------------------------------------------------------* TOTAL (CORRECTED)
23 3601.33
156.580
---------------------------------------------------------------------------TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE FSAIHNTO
6/ 1/** 22:35
---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE

----------------------------------------------------------------------------NLAI
1
2
3
4
NOS
6
6
6
6
NSUAT
35.5000
36.1667
38.5000
36.5000
SE(N=
6)
1.20185
5%LSD 15DF
3.62279
----------------------------------------------------------------------------MEANS FOR EFFECT DAM$
----------------------------------------------------------------------------DAM$
ao
a1
NOS
12
12
NSUAT
27.5000
45.8333
SE(N= 12)
0.849834
5%LSD 15DF
2.56170
---------------------------------------------------------------------------MEANS FOR EFFECT LAN$
----------------------------------------------------------------------------LAN$
bo
b1
b2
NOS
8
8
8
NSUAT
28.7500
37.0000
44.2500
SE(N=
8)
1.04083
5%LSD 15DF
3.13743
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
68
MEANS FOR EFFECT DAM$*LAN$

----------------------------------------------------------------------------DAM$
ao
ao
ao
a1
a1
a1
LAN$
bo
b1
b2
bo
b1
b2
NOS
4
4
4
4
4
4
NSUAT
25.0000
27.7500
29.7500
32.5000
46.2500
58.7500
SE(N=
4)
1.47196
5%LSD 15DF
4.43700
----------------------------------------------------------------------------ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE FSAIHNTO
6/ 1/** 22:35
---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE
3

VARIATE
|DAM$
|LAN$
|$
GRAND MEAN STANDARD

|DAM$*LAN|
(N=
24)
-------------------- SD/MEAN |
NO.
OBS.
|
NSUAT
24 36.667
0.0000
0.0000
BASED ON
BASED ON
TOTAL SS
RESID SS
12.513
2.9439
8.0 0.3605
0.0000
Phn tch kt qu
Bng phn tch phng sai cho trng hp ny khc hn vi trng hp trn
y ( kiu sp xp CRD cho th nghim hai nhn t) l thnh phn bin ng
ca nhc li c cp tch ngun bin ng ny ra khi sai s th
nghim lam cho th nghim t chnh xc cao hn. Nhng trong v d ny,
nhc li (khi) khc nhau khng dn n kt qu khc nhau r (xc sut
nhn H0 ca nhc li rt ln: 0.36) chng t cc n v th nghim tng i
ng nht.
Trong v d ny, hiu qu tc ng ca cc mc bn m khc nhau, cc mc
ln bn khc nhau v hiu qu tng tc phi hp ca chng khc nhau u
dn ti nng sut khc nhau c ngha (tt c cc xc sut nhn H0 u rt gn
gi tr 0.
Ta khng cn quan tm nng sut trung bnh ca cc ln nhc li.
Nhn tip vo phn kt qu vi tiu MEANS FOR EFFECT DAM$ cho
thy hiu sai gia nng sut trung bnh ca hai mc a0 v a1 ln hn nhiu so
vi gi tr LSD0.05 ca chng (2.5617) nn c th ni cc mc bn m khc
nhau dn n nng st khc nhau mt cch c ngha.
Tng t cch nhn nhn, nh gi nh vy i vi phn kt qu mang dng
ch MEANS FOR EFFECT LAN$ cng cho thy cc mc bn ln khc
69
nhau dn n nng sut khc nhau c ngha thng k. Nng sut cao nht
l mc ln b2, tip n l mc b1 v thp nht l thuc mc b0.
i vi kt qa tng tc ca bn ln v m biu hin phn mang tn
MEANS FOR EFFECT DAM$*LAN$ nng sut cao nht thuc t hp bn
mc a1b2, sau n t hp a1b1.
chnh xc ca th ghim c biu hin ti dng cui cng, ct mang tn C
OF V SD/MEAN % ca kt qu phn tch: CV% =8.0 %. Mt th nghim
ngoi ng nh vy l m bo chnh xc.
4.2.3. Phn tch kt qu th nghim thit k kiu Split-plot
Vi kiu thit k ny, khi phn tch phng sai cn bit c hiu qu ca cc
nhn t ring r cng nh hiu qu phi hp ca hai nhn t ti kt qu nghin
cu. ng thi cng cn tnh c chnh xc (sai s th nghim) tng ng
vi mi nhn t: nhn t ln v nhn t nh (hoc tng tc ca hai nhn
t).
Gi thit mt th nghim c thit k kiu Split-Plot vi a mc ca nhn t A
(nhn t ln) v b mc ca nhn t B (nhn t nh) trong r ln nhc li.
Cn tin hnh phn tch phng sai theo bng phn tch phng sai tng qut
(bng 4.12) sau y:
Bng 4.12. ANOVA ca th nghim thit k kiu Split-Plot
Source of variation
Degree of
Sum of
Mean
freedom
square
square
Reps.
r1
Main plot factor (A)
a1
Error (a)
(r 1)(a 1)
Sub plot factor (B)
b1
AxB
(a 1)(b 1)
Error (b)
a(r 1)(b 1)
Total
rab - 1
V d: Nghin cu nh hng ca p mc bn ln khc nhau (p1, p2, p3, p4) ti

nng sut ca g ging lc (G1, G2, G3) ti x Tn minh, bc, Ho bnh. Th
nghim c b tr kiu Split-plot vi 3 ln nhc li. Kt qu thu nng sut
(t/ha) c ghi li nh bng 4.13 sau y:
Bng 4.13. Nng sut cc ging lc vi cc mc bn ln khc nhau qua ba ln
nhc
Ln (P)
P1
P2
Ging (G)
G1
G2
G3
G1
G2
Nli 1
14
17
16
19
21
Nng sut (t/ha)

Nli 2
15
16
16
19
20
Nli 3
15
16
16
19
21
70
P3
P4
G3
G1
G2
G3
G1
G2
G3
21
22
24
24
22
27
27
Ngun: Phm Tin Dng, Minh Phn, 2002
22
21
23
24
22
26
27
21
20
24
25
22
24
27
Tin hnh phn tch phng sai kt qu th nghim ny theo trnh t:

Vo s liu trong IRRISTAT v save file vi ui SYS nh hnh 4.27
di y
Hnh 4.27
Phn tch theo IRRISTAT
Lm tng t trng hp 4.2.1 trn y cho n hnh 4.24 c hnh 4.28 sau
y:
Hnh 4.28
71
T hnh 4.28, a bin NSUAT t hp Data File Variables vo hp Analysis

Variates, ba bin cn li a vo hp Factors xong t hp Factors a cc bin
ny v tng tc ca chng vo hp ANOVA Model Specification c hnh
4.29 di y
Hnh 4.29
T hnh 4.29, chn menu Option hp Heading m v nh vo dng ch
Thiet ke kieu Split-plot vo hp Heading xong kch chut vo hp Effect
xc nh li sai s ln nh hnh 4.30
Hnh 4.30
T hnh 4.30, chn LAN$ xong kch chut vo Specify Eror xut hin hp
List Effect, chn tip NLAI*LAN$ xong OK. Sau chn NLAI*LAN$ hp
Source, hp Name cng xut hin NLAI*LAN$, thay dng ch ny bng
Error(a) c hnh 4.31
72
Hnh 4.31
T hnh 4.31, kch chut vo OK chy m hnh phn tch v cho kt qu
di y
NSUAT FILE SPLITPLO
7/ 1/** 22:42
---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE
Thiet ke kieu Split-plot
VARIATE V004 NSUAT

LN
ER
SOURCE OF VARIATION
DF
SUMS OF
MEAN
SQUARES
SQUARES
F RATIO PROB
LN
============================================================================
=
1 NLAI
2 .722223
.361111
0.68 0.523
6
2 LAN$
3 432.083
144.028
576.11 0.000
3
3 Error(a)
6 1.50000
.250000
0.47 0.819
6
4 GIONG$
2 60.7222
30.3611
57.53 0.000
6
5 LAN$*GIONG$
6 11.5000
1.91667
3.63 0.018
6
* RESIDUAL
16 8.44454
.527784
---------------------------------------------------------------------------* TOTAL (CORRECTED)
35 514.972
14.7135
---------------------------------------------------------------------------TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE SPLITPLO
7/ 1/** 22:42
---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE

----------------------------------------------------------------------------NLAI
1
2
NOS
12
12
NSUAT
21.1667
20.9167
73
12
20.8333
SE(N= 12)
0.209719
5%LSD 16DF
0.628740
----------------------------------------------------------------------------MEANS FOR EFFECT LAN$
----------------------------------------------------------------------------LAN$
NOS
9
9
9
9
P1
P2
P3
P4
NSUAT
15.6667
20.3333
23.0000
24.8889
SE(N=
9)
0.166667
5%LSD
6DF
0.576527
----------------------------------------------------------------------------MEANS FOR EFFECT Error(a)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------NLAI
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
LAN$
P1
P2
P3
P4
P1
P2
P3
P4
P1
P2
P3
P4
NOS
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
NSUAT
15.6667
20.3333
23.3333
25.3333
15.6667
20.3333
22.6667
25.0000
15.6667
20.3333
23.0000
24.3333
SE(N=
3)
0.419438
5%LSD 16DF
1.25748
----------------------------------------------------------------------------MEANS FOR EFFECT GIONG$
----------------------------------------------------------------------------GIONG$
NOS
12
12
12
G1
G2
G3
NSUAT
19.1667
21.5833
22.1667
SE(N= 12)
0.209719
5%LSD 16DF
0.628740
----------------------------------------------------------------------------MEANS FOR EFFECT LAN$*GIONG$
----------------------------------------------------------------------------LAN$
P1
P1
P1
P2
GIONG$
G1
G2
G3
G1
NOS
3
3
3
3
NSUAT
14.6667
16.3333
16.0000
19.0000
74
P2
P2
P3
P3
P3
P4
P4
P4
G2
G3
G1
G2
G3
G1
G2
G3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
20.6667
21.3333
21.0000
23.6667
24.3333
22.0000
25.6667
27.0000
SE(N=
3)
0.419438
5%LSD 16DF
1.25748
----------------------------------------------------------------------------ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE SPLITPLO
7/ 1/** 22:42
---------------------------------------------------------------- PAGE

VARIATE
GRAND MEAN STANDARD
|LAN$
|Error(a)|GIONG$ |LAN$*GIO|
(N=
36)
-------------------- SD/MEAN |
|
|NG$
|
NO.
BASED ON
BASED ON
%
|
|
|
|
OBS.
TOTAL SS
RESID SS
|
|
|
|
NSUAT
36 20.972
3.8358
0.72649
3.5 0.5228
0.8188
0.0000
0.0182
|
0.0000
Phn tch kt qu
Trong bng phn tch phng sai cho thy c nm ngun bin ng ca nng
sut l nhc li, bin ng do bn ln khc nhau, do sai s ca ln, do ging
khc nhau, v do tng tc gia ln vi ging. Kt qu cho thy nhc lai khc
nhau khng dn n nng sut khc nhau v xc sut nhn H0 rt ln (0.523).
Hiu qu ca bn ln khc nhau, ging khc nhau, tng tc gia ln v ging
khc nhau u cho kt qu khc nhau c ngha thng k cao (tt c xc sut
nhn H0 ca chng u nh hn 0.05).
la chn mc ln bn thch hp, trong phn kt qu mang tiu MEANS
FOR EFFECT LAN$ cho thy cc hiu sai v nng sut trung bnh tng ng
cc mc ln bn khc nhau u ln hn gi tr LSD0.05 ca chng nn kt lun
c a ra l bn mc ln P4 cho nng sut cao nht sau n mc P3,.... Ta
cng b qua khng phn tch phn MEANS FOR EFFECT ERROR(a).
nh gi hiu qu ca ging, nhn trong phn MEANS FOR EFFECT
GIONG$ cho thy hiu sai v nng sut trng bnh ca G3 so vi G2 khng
ln hn gi tr LSD0.05 ca chng nn nng sut ca hai ging ny khc nhau
khng c ngha thng k, trong khi nng sut ca G1 thp hn hn hai
ging kia, hiu sai nng sut ca chng ln hn 0.62874.
Bng cch phn tch tng t, ta c th kt lun t hp P4G3 cho nng sut cao
nht, sau n P4G2, P3G3, P3G2,.... c th gip ngi c phn bit s
khc bit v nng sut gia cc mc tc ng khc nhau, c th dng phng
75
php biu din thng qua phng php hnh hc v dng cc ch s nh gi a,

b, c,...
Trong v d ny, sai s th nghim CV% bng 3,5% nh vy th nghim t
chnh xc rt cao.
4.2.4. Phn tch kt qu th nghim thit k kiu Strip-plot (chia bng)
Vi thit k kiu chia bng, ngoi vic phn tch hiu qu ca tng yu t
nghin cu ngi ta c bit quan tm n hiu qu tng tc ca chng qua
giao im ca ha loi di ngang v di ng, rt cn c tnh trong m hnh.
Vi thit k ny c 3 loi kch thc v c 3 loi sai s th nghim tng ng.
V d: kt qu ca th nghim theo di nng sut ca 6 ging la gieo vi (v1,
v2, v3, v4, v5, v6) trn 3 nn m (N1, N2, N3) trong thit k kiu chia bng
vi 3 ln nhc li, s liu th nghim c di dng sau:
Bng 4.14.
m (kg/ha)
Nlai I
0(N1)
60(N2)
120(N3)
2373
4076
7254
N1
N2
N3
4007
5630
7053
N1
N2
N3
2620
4676
7666
N1
N2
N3
2726
4838
6881
N1
N2
N3
4447
5549
6880
N1
2572
N2
3896
N3
1556
Ngun: Gomez, 1984.
Nng sut (kg/ha)

Nlai II
v1
3958
6431
6808
v2
5795
7334
8284
v3
4508
6672
7328
v4
5630
7007
7735
v5
3276
5340
5080
v6
3724
2822
2706
Nlai III
4384
4889
8582
5001
7177
6297
5621
7019
8611
3821
4816
6667
4582
6011
6076
3326
4425
3214
Cc bc phn tch phng sai nh sau:

- Bng ANOVA c hnh thnh c dng sau, bng 4.15
Bng 4.15 Bng cng phn tch phng sai th nghim b tr kiu chia
bng
76
Source of variation
Degree of freedom
Reps.
Horizontal factor(A),
Variety
Error (a)
Vertical factor(B),
Ntrogen
Error(b)
AxB
Error(c)
Total
r 1=2
a 1=5
Sum of
square
Mean
square
(r-1)(a 1)=10
b 1=2
(r-1)(b-1)=4
(a-1)(b-1)=10
(r-1)(a-1)(b-1)=20
rab-1=53
Trn c s bng phn tch phng sai c hnh thnh cho thy r trong th nghim
thit k kiu ny c 3 ngun bin ng c bn l bin ng theo hng ng vi nhn t
di ngang, mt bin ng theo ct ng vi nhn t di ng v mt ngun bin ng
th ba tng ng vi giao im (tng tc) gia di ngang v di ng. Do vy
khi chy ANOVA trong IRRISTAT phi a c ba ngun bin ng vo m hnh
phn tch.
- Lp file s liu cho phn tch ANOVA theo cch sau: m IRRISTAT, chn
Window sau chn Data Editor, ca s Data Editor m, chn File xong chn
New. Trang lm vic ca Data Editor m ra, to cc bin v nhp s liu vo bng
tnh theo nh hnh 4.32
- Khi nhp s liu xong, vo biu tng Save lu file li trong IRRISTAT v t
tn cho file s liu sau thot ra khi Data Editor
- Tin hnh phn tch, lm tng t nh trng hp phn tch ANOVA ca th
nghim thit k kiu Split-Plot cho n khi c nh sau (hnh 4.33)
- T hnh 4.33 chn Option cho hp Heading m xong nh dng ch ANOVA cho
thit k kiu Strip Plot sau chn Effect, sau chn NLAI*GIONG$ v
chuyn thnh Error(a), tip tc chn NLAI*DAM$ v chuyn thnh Error(b) nh
hnh 4.34 Sau kch chut vo OK chy ANOVA c kt qu sau:
-
Hnh 4.32
77
Hnh 4.33
Hnh 4.34
Kt qu phn tch phng sai ca v d trn cho th nghim thit k kiu Strip plot
NSUAT FILE STRIP
19/ 9/ 8 5:38
------------------------------------------------------------------ :PAGE
ANOVA choThiet ke thi nghiem kieu Strip plot
VARIATE V004 NSUAT

LN
SOURCE OF VARIATION
DF
SUMS OF
MEAN
F RATIO PROB ER
SQUARES
SQUARES
LN
=============================================================================
1 NLAI
2 .922096E+07 .461048E+07 11.20 0.001 7
2 GIONG$
5 .571002E+08 .114200E+08 27.74 0.000 7
3 Error(a)
10 .149226E+08 .149226E+07
3.63 0.007 7
4 DAM$
2 .506761E+08 .253380E+08 61.55 0.000 7
5 Error(b)
4 .297491E+07 743727.
1.81 0.166 7
6 GIONG$*DAM$
10 .238780E+08 .238780E+07
5.80 0.000 7
* RESIDUAL
20 .823290E+07 411645.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------* TOTAL (CORRECTED)
53 .167006E+09 .315105E+07
----------------------------------------------------------------------------TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE STRIP
19/ 9/ 8 5:38
------------------------------------------------------------------ :PAGE

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
78
NLAI
NOS
18
18
18
1
2
3
NSUAT
4705.56
5579.89
5584.39
SE(N= 18)
151.226
5%LSD 20DF
446.110
------------------------------------------------------------------------------MEANS FOR EFFECT GIONG$
------------------------------------------------------------------------------GIONG$
NOS
9
9
9
9
9
9
v1
v2
v3
v4
v5
v6
NSUAT
5417.22
6286.44
6080.11
5569.00
5249.00
3137.89
SE(N=
9)
213.865
5%LSD 20DF
630.895
------------------------------------------------------------------------------MEANS FOR EFFECT Error(a)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------NLAI
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
GIONG$
v1
v2
v3
v4
v5
v6
v1
v2
v3
v4
v5
v6
v1
v2
v3
v4
v5
v6
NOS
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
NSUAT
4567.67
5563.33
4987.33
4815.00
5625.33
2674.67
5732.33
7137.67
6169.33
6790.67
4565.33
3084.00
5951.67
6158.33
7083.67
5101.33
5556.33
3655.00
SE(N=
3)
370.425
5%LSD 20DF
1092.74
------------------------------------------------------------------------------MEANS FOR EFFECT DAM$
------------------------------------------------------------------------------DAM$
NOS
18
18
18
n1
n2
n3
NSUAT
4020.61
5478.22
6371.00
SE(N= 18)
151.226
5%LSD 20DF
446.110
------------------------------------------------------------------------------MEANS FOR EFFECT Error(b)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------NLAI
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
DAM$
n1
n2
n3
n1
n2
n3
n1
n2
n3
NOS
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
NSUAT
3124.17
4777.50
6215.00
4481.83
5934.33
6323.50
4455.83
5722.83
6574.50
79
SE(N=
6)
261.930
5%LSD 20DF
772.686
------------------------------------------------------------------------------MEANS FOR EFFECT GIONG$*DAM$
------------------------------------------------------------------------------GIONG$
v1
v1
v1
v2
v2
v2
v3
v3
v3
v4
v4
v4
v5
v5
v5
v6
v6
v6
DAM$
n1
n2
n3
n1
n2
n3
n1
n2
n3
n1
n2
n3
n1
n2
n3
n1
n2
n3
NOS
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
NSUAT
3571.67
5132.00
7548.00
4934.33
6713.67
7211.33
4249.67
6122.33
7868.33
4059.00
5553.67
7094.33
4101.67
5633.33
6012.00
3207.33
3714.33
2492.00
SE(N=
3)
370.425
5%LSD 20DF
1092.74
------------------------------------------------------------------------------ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE STRIP
19/ 9/ 8 5:38
------------------------------------------------------------------ :PAGE

VARIATE
GRAND MEAN STANDARD
|GIONG$ |Error(a)|DAM$
|Error(b)|GIONG$*D|
(N=
54)
-------------------- SD/MEAN |
|
|AM$
|
NO.
BASED ON
BASED ON
%
|
|
|
|
OBS.
TOTAL SS
RESID SS
|
|
|
|
NSUAT
54 5289.9
1775.1
641.60
12.1 0.0006
0.0000
0.1664
0.0005
0.0000
0.0070
nh gi kt qu
Ta cng nh gi kt qu tng t trng hp trn v thy hiu qu ca tt c
cc thng phn u c ngha mc cao, c bit hiu qu ca tng tc c
mc ngha rt cao, iu ny ni ln vai tr ca kiu thit k l c s quan tm
n tng tc ca hai yu t cn t chnh xc cao hn. Sai s ca tng tc
t 12,1%
80
4.3. Phn tch phng sai kt qu th nghim ba nhn t

4.3.1. Th nghim 3 nhn t b tr kiu RCB
V d: Nghin cu nh hng ca 4 mc bn m v 3 mc ln khc nhau n nng

sut hai ging la vi 3 ln nhc li trong thit k kiu RCB, kt qu c ghi li nh
bng sau
Bng 4.16
Nng sut (kg/ha)
v1
v2
Mc ln
Rep1
Rep2
Rep3
Rep1
Rep2
Rep3
N1 (0 KgN/ha)
3320
3864
4507
6101
5122
4815
P1
3766
4311
4875
5096
4873
4166
P2
4660
5915
5400
6573
5495
4225
P3
P1
P2
P3
3188
3625
5232
4752
4809
5170
N2 (50 KgN/ha)
4756
5595
5295
6357
6046
7016
6780
5925
7442
5390
5163
4478
P1
P2
P3
5468
5759
6215
5788
6130
7106
N3 (80 KgN/ha)
4422
5442
5308
6398
6318
6953
5988
6533
6914
6509
6569
7991
P1
P2
P3
4246
5255
6829
4842
5742
5869
N4 (110 KgN/ha)
4863
6209
5345
6992
6011
7565
6768
7856
7626
5779
6164
7362
Ta gi m l nhn t A, Ln l nhn t B v Ging l nhn t C

Bng phn tch phng sai c hnh thnh nh sau
Bng 4.17
Source of variation
Degree of freedom
Reps.
Factor(A), Nitrogen
Factor(B), Phosphorus
Factor(C), Variety
AxB
AxC
BxC
AxBxC
Error
r 1=2
a 1=3
b 1=2
c-1=1
(a-1)(b-1) = 6
(a-1)(c-1) = 3
(b-1)(c-1) = 2
(a-1)(b-1)(c-1) = 6
(r-1)(abc-1) = 46
Sum of
square
Mean
square
Nhp s liu vo IRRISTAT di dng sau, hnh 4.35
81
Hnh 4.35
Tin hnh phn tch phng sai, lm nh trng hp th nghim hai nhn t
n hnh sau (hnh 4.36)
Hnh 4.36
T hnh 4.36, a cc bin v nhn t vo cc v tr trn hnh c hnh 4.37
sau chn Options v nh dng ch: ANOVA 3 nhn t b tr kiu RCB
vo hp Heading xong kch chut vo OK chy m hnh v cho kt qu sau
y:
82
Hnh 4.37
Kt qu chy m hnh ANOVA ca th nghim 3 nhn t b tr kiu RCB
NSUAT FILE 3NTORCB
27/ 9/ 8 16:58
------------------------------------------------------------------ :PAGE
ANOVA cho thi nghiem 3 nhan to bo tri kieu RCB
VARIATE V005 NSUAT

LN
SOURCE OF VARIATION
DF
SUMS OF
MEAN
F RATIO PROB ER
SQUARES
SQUARES
LN
=============================================================================
1 NLAI
2 .224887E+07 .112444E+07
2.51 0.091 9
2 GIONG$
1 .192438E+08 .192438E+08 42.91 0.000 9
3 DAM$
3 .239070E+08 .796900E+07 17.77 0.000 9
4 LAN$
2 .147089E+08 .735443E+07 16.40 0.000 9
5 GIONG$*DAM$
3 .212759E+07 709196.
1.58 0.205 9
6 GIONG$*LAN$
2 .122539E+07 612694.
1.37 0.265 9
7 DAM$*LAN$
6 .168014E+07 280023.
0.62 0.712 9
8 GIONG$*DAM$*LAN$
6 920542.
153424.
0.34 0.911 9
* RESIDUAL
46 .206314E+08 448508.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------* TOTAL (CORRECTED)
71 .866935E+08 .122104E+07
----------------------------------------------------------------------------TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE 3NTORCB
27/ 9/ 8 16:58
------------------------------------------------------------------ :PAGE

------------------------------------------------------------------------------NLAI
1
2
3
NOS
24
24
24
NSUAT
5577.50
5900.83
5489.88
SE(N= 24)
136.704
5%LSD 46DF
389.121
------------------------------------------------------------------------------GIONG$
v1
v2
NOS
36
36
NSUAT
5139.08
6173.06
SE(N= 36)
111.618
5%LSD 46DF
317.716
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
83
MEANS FOR EFFECT DAM$

------------------------------------------------------------------------------DAM$
NOS
18
18
18
18
n1
n2
n3
n4
NSUAT
4838.00
5389.94
6211.72
6184.61
SE(N= 18)
157.852
5%LSD 46DF
449.318
------------------------------------------------------------------------------MEANS FOR EFFECT LAN$
------------------------------------------------------------------------------LAN$
NOS
24
24
24
p1
p2
p3
NSUAT
5188.08
5513.00
6267.12
SE(N= 24)
136.704
5%LSD 46DF
389.121
------------------------------------------------------------------------------MEANS FOR EFFECT GIONG$*DAM$
------------------------------------------------------------------------------GIONG$
v1
v1
v1
v1
v2
v2
v2
v2
DAM$
n1
n2
n3
n4
n1
n2
n3
n4
NOS
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
NSUAT
4513.11
4763.67
5834.89
5444.67
5162.89
6016.22
6588.56
6924.56
SE(N=
9)
223.236
5%LSD 46DF
635.432
------------------------------------------------------------------------------MEANS FOR EFFECT GIONG$*LAN$
------------------------------------------------------------------------------GIONG$
v1
v1
v1
v2
v2
v2
LAN$
p1
p2
p3
p1
p2
p3
NOS
12
12
12
12
12
12
NSUAT
4501.33
5018.33
5897.58
5874.83
6007.67
6636.67
SE(N= 12)
193.328
5%LSD 46DF
550.300
------------------------------------------------------------------------------MEANS FOR EFFECT DAM$*LAN$
------------------------------------------------------------------------------DAM$
n1
n1
n1
n2
n2
n2
n3
n3
n3
n4
n4
n4
LAN$
p1
p2
p3
p1
p2
p3
p1
p2
p3
p1
p2
p3
NOS
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
NSUAT
4621.50
4514.50
5378.00
5076.83
5195.67
5897.33
5602.83
6116.17
6916.17
5451.17
6225.67
6877.00
SE(N=
6)
273.407
5%LSD 46DF
778.242
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
84
MEANS FOR EFFECT GIONG$*DAM$*LAN$

------------------------------------------------------------------------------GIONG$
v1
v1
v1
v1
v1
v1
v1
v1
v1
v1
v1
v1
v2
v2
v2
v2
v2
v2
v2
v2
v2
v2
v2
v2
DAM$
n1
n1
n1
n2
n2
n2
n3
n3
n3
n4
n4
n4
n1
n1
n1
n2
n2
n2
n3
n3
n3
n4
n4
n4
LAN$
p1
p2
p3
p1
p2
p3
p1
p2
p3
p1
p2
p3
p1
p2
p3
p1
p2
p3
p1
p2
p3
p1
p2
p3
NOS
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
NSUAT
3897.00
4317.33
5325.00
4232.00
4576.33
5482.67
5226.00
5732.33
6546.33
4650.33
5447.33
6236.33
5346.00
4711.67
5431.00
5921.67
5815.00
6312.00
5979.67
6500.00
7286.00
6252.00
7004.00
7517.67
SE(N=
3)
386.656
5%LSD 46DF
1100.60
------------------------------------------------------------------------------ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE 3NTORCB
27/ 9/ 8 16:58
------------------------------------------------------------------ :PAGE

VARIATE
|GIONG$ |DAM$
GRAND MEAN STANDARD

|LAN$
|GIONG$*D|GIONG$*L|DAM$*LAN|GIONG$*D
(N=
72)
-------------------- SD/MEAN |
|
|
|
|AM$
|AN$
|$
|AM$*LAN$
NO.
BASED ON
BASED ON
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OBS.
TOTAL SS
RESID SS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------NSUAT
72 5656.1
1105.0
669.71
11.8 0.0907
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.2055
0.2646
0.7116
0.9107
Phn tch kt qu th nghim ny cn nh gi c mi nhn t khc nhau c

nh hng n kt qu khc nhau th no, tng tc ca tng i nhn t khc
nhau nh hng n kt qu th no v tng tc bc 3 gia ba nhn t vi
nhau nh hng n kt qu nh th no. Nh vy phi c 7 ln nh gi 7 gi
thuyt Ho da trn bng phn tch phng sai v 7 bng cc gi tr trung bnh
4.3.2. Phn tch kt qu th nghim 3 nhn t thit k kiu chia ln,
va, nh (Split-Split-Plot)
Cch thit k tng t kiu Split-plot nhng thm mt c na cho nhn t
th ba. Trong m hnh phn tch c thm mt thnh phn bin ng v sai s
tng ng na cho nhn t th ba, tng tc bc hai ca hai nhn t u vi n
v cn thm mt tng tc bc ba ca ba nhn t.
85
V d: Nng sut ca 3 ging la c trng trong 3 iu kin qun l v

5 mc bn m vi thit k kiu Split-split-plot cho m l chnh, mc
qun l l ph v ging l ph bc hai v 3 ln nhc li, c s liu ghi
bng sau:
Bng 4.18
Mc
qun
l
Rep.I Rep.
II
Rep.
III
M1
M2
M3
3320
3766
4660
3864
4311
5915
4507
4875
5400
M1
M2
M3
3188
3625
5232
4752
4809
5170
4756
5295
6046
M1
M2
M3
5468
5759
6215
5788
6130
7106
4422
5308
6318
M1
M2
M3
4246
5255
6829
4842
5742
5869
4863
5345
6011
M1
M2
M3
3132
5389
5217
4375
4315
5389
4678
5896
7309
V1
Nng sut, kg/ha

V2
Rep.I Rep. Rep.
II
III
N1 (0 kgN/ha)
6101
5122
4815
5096
4873
4166
6573
5495
4225
N2 (50 kgN/ha)
5595
6780
5390
6357
5925
5163
7016
7442
4478
N3 (80 kgN/ha)
5442
5988
6509
6398
6533
6569
6953
6914
7991
N4 (110 kgN/ha)
6209
6768
5779
6992
7856
6164
7565
7626
7362
N5 (140 kgN/ha)
6860
6894
6573
6857
6974
7422
7254
7812
8950
Bng ANOVA c hnh thnh nh sau:

Bng 4.19
Source of variation
Main plot analysis
Reps.
Main plot factor (A),

Error (a)
Sub plot analysis
Degree of freedom
V3
Rep.I Rep.
II
Rep.
III
5355
7442
7018
5536
6462
8020
5244
5584
7642
6706
8592
8480
6546
7646
9942
7092
7212
8714
8452
8662
9112
6698
8526
9140
8650
8514
9320
8042
9080
9660
7414
9016
8966
6902
7778
9128
9314
9224
10360
8508
9680
9896
8032
9294
9712
Sum of
square
Mean
square
r - 1=2
a - 1=4
(r-1)(a - 1)=8
Sub plot factor (B)

A*B
Error(b)
Sub-sub plot analysis
b - 1=2
(a-1)(b-1)=8
a(r-1)(b-1)=20
AxC
BxC
AxBxC
Error ( c )
Total
( a-1 )( c-1 )=8

( b-1 )( c-1 )=4
(a-1)( b-1 )( c-1 )=16
Ab(r-1)(c-1)=60
Rabc - 1 = 134
Sub-sub plot factor (C ) c-1=2
86
Lp file s liu phn tch phng sai trong IRRISTAT di dng nh hnh
4.38 sau y
Hnh 4.38
Cc bc phn tch ANOVA trong IRRISTAT lm tng t nh trng hp
Split-plot nhng khc c bn nh sau (hnh 4.39)
Hnh 4.39
Chy m hnh c kt qu nh sau:
NSUAT FILE 3SPLIT
22/ 9/ 8 22:10
------------------------------------------------------------------ :PAGE
ANOVA cho Thi Nghiem keu Split split plot
VARIATE V005 NSUAT

LN
SOURCE OF VARIATION
DF
SUMS OF
MEAN
F RATIO PROB ER
SQUARES
SQUARES
LN
=============================================================================
87
1 NLAI
2 731994.
365997.
0.74 0.486 11
2 DAM$
4 .616408E+08 .154102E+08 31.10 0.000 11
3 Error(a)
8 .445135E+07 556419.
1.12 0.361 11
4 QLY$
2 .429361E+08 .214680E+08 43.32 0.000 11
5 DAM$*QLY$
8 .110297E+07 137872.
0.28 0.970 11
6 Error(b)
20 .523634E+07 261817.
0.53 0.943 11
7 GIONG$
2 .206013E+09 .103007E+09 207.87 0.000 11
8 DAM$*GIONG$
8 .141445E+08 .176806E+07
3.57 0.002 11
9 QLY$*GIONG$
4 .385177E+07 962942.
1.94 0.114 11
10 DAM$*QLY$*GIONG$
16 .369923E+07 231202.
0.47 0.954 11
* RESIDUAL
60 .297325E+08 495542.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------* TOTAL (CORRECTED)
134 .373541E+09 .278762E+07
----------------------------------------------------------------------------TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE 3SPLIT
22/ 9/ 8 22:10
------------------------------------------------------------------ :PAGE

------------------------------------------------------------------------------NLAI
NOS
45
45
45
1
2
3
NSUAT
6534.84
6652.78
6475.62
SE(N= 45)
104.938
5%LSD 60DF
296.829
------------------------------------------------------------------------------MEANS FOR EFFECT DAM$
------------------------------------------------------------------------------DAM$
NOS
27
27
27
27
27
n1
n2
n3
n4
n5
NSUAT
5384.70
6220.33
6995.74
6937.37
7233.93
SE(N= 27)
135.475
5%LSD 60DF
383.205
------------------------------------------------------------------------------MEANS FOR EFFECT Error(a)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------DAM$
n1
n1
n1
n2
n2
n2
n3
n3
n3
n4
n4
n4
n5
n5
n5
NLAI
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
NOS
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
NSUAT
5481.22
5510.89
5162.00
6087.89
6556.89
6016.22
6940.11
6980.33
7066.78
7097.56
7122.11
6592.44
7067.44
7093.67
7540.67
SE(N=
9)
234.649
5%LSD 60DF
663.730
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MEANS FOR EFFECT QLY$

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
88
QLY$
NOS
45
45
45
m1
m2
m3
NSUAT
5900.38
6486.16
7276.71
SE(N= 45)
104.938
5%LSD 60DF
296.829
------------------------------------------------------------------------------MEANS FOR EFFECT DAM$*QLY$
------------------------------------------------------------------------------DAM$
n1
n1
n1
n2
n2
n2
n3
n3
n3
n4
n4
n4
n5
n5
n5
QLY$
NOS
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
m1
m2
m3
m1
m2
m3
m1
m2
m3
m1
m2
m3
m1
m2
m3
NSUAT
4873.78
5175.00
6105.33
5645.00
6069.33
6946.67
6379.67
6933.22
7674.33
6118.33
7025.33
7668.44
6485.11
7227.89
7988.78
SE(N=
9)
234.649
5%LSD 60DF
663.730
------------------------------------------------------------------------------MEANS FOR EFFECT Error(b)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------DAM$
n1
n1
n1
n1
n1
n1
n1
n1
n1
n2
n2
n2
n2
n2
n2
n2
n2
n2
n3
n3
n3
n3
n3
n3
n3
n3
n3
n4
n4
n4
n4
n4
n4
n4
n4
n4
n5
n5
n5
n5
QLY$
m1
m1
m1
m2
m2
m2
m3
m3
m3
m1
m1
m1
m2
m2
m2
m3
m3
m3
m1
m1
m1
m2
m2
m2
m3
m3
m3
m1
m1
m1
m2
m2
m2
m3
m3
m3
m1
m1
m1
m2
NLAI
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
NOS
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
NSUAT
4925.33
4840.67
4855.33
5434.67
5215.33
4875.00
6083.67
6476.67
5755.67
5163.00
6026.00
5746.00
6191.33
6126.67
5890.00
6909.33
7518.00
6412.67
6454.00
6158.00
6527.00
6939.67
7063.00
6797.00
7426.67
7720.00
7876.33
6165.67
6341.33
5848.00
7109.00
7538.00
6429.00
8018.00
7487.00
7500.33
6435.33
6592.33
6427.67
7156.67
89
n5
n5
n5
n5
n5
m2
m2
m3
m3
m3
2
3
1
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
6989.67
7537.33
7610.33
7699.00
8657.00
SE(N=
3)
406.424
5%LSD 60DF
1149.61
------------------------------------------------------------------------------GIONG$
NOS
45
45
45
v1
v2
v3
NSUAT
5126.82
6396.13
8140.29
SE(N= 45)
104.938
5%LSD 60DF
296.829
------------------------------------------------------------------------------MEANS FOR EFFECT DAM$*GIONG$
------------------------------------------------------------------------------DAM$
n1
n1
n1
n2
n2
n2
n3
n3
n3
n4
n4
n4
n5
n5
n5
GIONG$
NOS
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
v1
v2
v3
v1
v2
v3
v1
v2
v3
v1
v2
v3
v1
v2
v3
NSUAT
4513.11
5162.89
6478.11
4763.67
6016.22
7881.11
5834.89
6588.56
8563.78
5444.67
6924.56
8442.89
5077.78
7288.44
9335.56
SE(N=
9)
234.649
5%LSD 60DF
663.730
------------------------------------------------------------------------------MEANS FOR EFFECT QLY$*GIONG$
------------------------------------------------------------------------------QLY$
m1
m1
m1
m2
m2
m2
m3
m3
m3
GIONG$
NOS
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
v1
v2
v3
v1
v2
v3
v1
v2
v3
NSUAT
4413.40
6055.00
7232.73
5054.67
6223.00
8180.80
5912.40
6910.40
9007.33
SE(N= 15)
181.758
5%LSD 60DF
514.123
------------------------------------------------------------------------------MEANS FOR EFFECT DAM$*QLY$*GIONG$
------------------------------------------------------------------------------DAM$
n1
n1
n1
n1
n1
n1
n1
n1
n1
QLY$
m1
m1
m1
m2
m2
m2
m3
m3
m3
GIONG$
v1
v2
v3
v1
v2
v3
v1
v2
v3
NOS
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
NSUAT
3897.00
5346.00
5378.33
4317.33
4711.67
6496.00
5325.00
5431.00
7560.00
90
n2
n2
n2
n2
n2
n2
n2
n2
n2
n3
n3
n3
n3
n3
n3
n3
n3
n3
n4
n4
n4
n4
n4
n4
n4
n4
n4
n5
n5
n5
n5
n5
n5
n5
n5
n5
m1
m1
m1
m2
m2
m2
m3
m3
m3
m1
m1
m1
m2
m2
m2
m3
m3
m3
m1
m1
m1
m2
m2
m2
m3
m3
m3
m1
m1
m1
m2
m2
m2
m3
m3
m3
v1
v2
v3
v1
v2
v3
v1
v2
v3
v1
v2
v3
v1
v2
v3
v1
v2
v3
v1
v2
v3
v1
v2
v3
v1
v2
v3
v1
v2
v3
v1
v2
v3
v1
v2
v3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4232.00
5921.67
6781.33
4576.33
5815.00
7816.67
5482.67
6312.00
9045.33
5226.00
5979.67
7933.33
5732.33
6500.00
8567.33
6546.33
7286.00
9190.67
4650.33
6252.00
7452.67
5447.33
7004.00
8624.67
6236.33
7517.67
9251.33
4061.67
6775.67
8618.00
5200.00
7084.33
9399.33
5971.67
8005.33
9989.33
SE(N=
3)
406.424
5%LSD 60DF
1149.61
------------------------------------------------------------------------------ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE 3SPLIT
22/ 9/ 8 22:10
------------------------------------------------------------------ :PAGE

VARIATE
GRAND MEAN STANDARD
|DAM$
|Error(a)|QLY$
|DAM$*QLY|Error(b)|GIONG$ |DAM$*GIO
(N= 135)
-------------------- SD/MEAN |
|
|
|
|$
|
|
|NG$
NO.
BASED ON
BASED ON
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OBS.
TOTAL SS
RESID SS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------NSUAT
135 6554.4
1669.6
703.95
10.7 0.4862
0.0000
0.3612
0.0000
0.9698
0.9426
0.0000
0.0020
VARIATE
NSUAT
GRAND MEAN
(N= 135)
NO.
OBS.
135 6554.4
STANDARD
DEVIATION C OF V |QLY$*GIO|DAM$*QLY|
-------------------- SD/MEAN |NG$
|$*GIONG$|
BASED ON
BASED ON
%
|
|
|
TOTAL SS
RESID SS
|
|
|
1669.6
703.95
10.7 0.1138
0.9536
91
nh gi kt qu
Phn tch tng cp nhn t mt nh v d trn cho tng nhn t, phn tch tng tc
ca tng i nhn t, sau phn tch tng tc bc ba ca c ba nhn t. Trong v d
ny c hai loi tng tc khng c ngha l DAM*QLY, QLY*GIONG v tng tc
bc ba DAM*QLY*GIONG nn khi so snh cn quan tm mc ngha cao hay thp
nu khng c ngha mc cao th khng cn quan tm so snh cc trung bnh ca
chng
92
4.4. Phn tch phng sai kt qu th nghim b tr nhiu ni
S liu t mt th nghim nghin cu 6 mc bn m ti 3 ni khc nhau cng

trong thit k kiu khi ngu nhin y ( RCB ) vi 3 ln nhc li, kt qu
c ghi li nh sau:
Ntrt
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Site
Ntrt: m;
Rep: Nhc li;
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
Rep
Yield
1 1.979
2 1.511
3 3.664
1 3.617
2
3.58
3 3.939
1
4.32
2 4.068
3 3.856
1 4.572
2
4.34
3 4.132
1 6.065
2 5.463
3 5.435
1 5.862
2 4.626
3 4.913
1
5.63
2
6.78
3 4.933
1 6.092
2 6.571
3 6.084
1 5.136
2 5.836
3 4.898
Ntrt
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Site
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
Rep
Yield
1 7.153
2 6.504
3 6.326
1 5.916
2 6.982
3 7.145
1 6.336
2 5.456
3 5.663
1 7.223
2 7.107
3 6.051
1 7.191
2 6.109
3 7.967
1 5.571
2 5.854
3 5.533
1 7.234
2 6.829
3 5.874
1 5.805
2
6.89
3 7.113
1 6.765
2 5.263
3
3.91
Site: Ni
Yield: Nng sut
93
Bng cng phn tch phng sai c hnh thnh nh sau;

Source of variation
Site
Reps. Within Site
Treatment
Site x Treaatment
Error
Total
S: ni; r: nhc lai; t: cng thc
Cc bc phn tch
Degree of freedom
s-1=2
s(r-1)=6
t-1=5
(s-1)(t-1)=10
s(r-1)(t-1)=30
srt-1=53
Chy ANOVA cn i nh cc trng hp 2 yu t cho n bc sau nh

trong nh:
T nh trn, chn Effects, chn Site trong hp Source xong kch vo Specify error
cho ca List Effects xut hin, chn Site * Rep trong hp ny xong kch OK
xc nh sai s ca Site.
Tip tc xc nh sai s cho Ntrt ( cng thc ) theo cch trn bng NTRT * SITE
hpList Effects.
94
Kch chut vo OK chy m hnh, c kt qu sau:

YIELD FILE QUANOI
11/ 9/ 8 14:43
------------------------------------------------------------------ :PAGE
VARIATE V004 YIELD
LN
SOURCE OF VARIATION
DF
SUMS OF
MEAN
F RATIO PROB ER
SQUARES
SQUARES
LN
=============================================================================
1 SITE
2 5.87069
2.93534
4.67 0.060 2
2 SITE*REP
6 3.77451
.629085
1.46 0.224 5
3 NTRT
5 62.9067
12.5813
29.26 0.000 5
4 NTRT*SITE
10 11.2305
1.12305
2.61 0.020 5
* RESIDUAL
30 12.8985
.429949
----------------------------------------------------------------------------* TOTAL (CORRECTED)
53 96.6809
1.82417
----------------------------------------------------------------------------TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE QUANOI
11/ 9/ 8 14:43
------------------------------------------------------------------ :PAGE
2
MEANS FOR EFFECT SITE
------------------------------------------------------------------------------SITE
NOS
18
18
18
1
2
3
YIELD
5.43567
5.99800
5.21478
SE(N= 18)
0.186947
5%LSD
6DF
0.646680
------------------------------------------------------------------------------MEANS FOR EFFECT SITE*REP
------------------------------------------------------------------------------SITE
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
3
REP
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
NOS
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
YIELD
5.63183
5.51183
5.16333
5.78100
5.93250
6.28050
5.66500
5.18383
4.79550
SE(N=
6)
0.267691
5%LSD 30DF
0.773113
------------------------------------------------------------------------------MEANS FOR EFFECT NTRT
------------------------------------------------------------------------------NTRT
NOS
9
9
9
9
9
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
YIELD
3.39267
5.04533
5.77333
6.38678
6.51178
6.18700
SE(N=
9)
0.218568
5%LSD 30DF
0.631244
------------------------------------------------------------------------------MEANS FOR EFFECT NTRT*SITE
------------------------------------------------------------------------------NTRT
1
1
1
SITE
1
2
3
NOS
3
3
3
YIELD
2.38467
3.71200
4.08133
95
2
2
2
3
3
3
4
4
4
5
5
5
6
6
6
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4.34800
5.65433
5.13367
5.78100
6.24900
5.29000
6.66100
6.68100
5.81833
6.79367
7.08900
5.65267
6.64567
6.60267
5.31267
SE(N=
3)
0.378572
5%LSD 30DF
1.09335
------------------------------------------------------------------------------ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE QUANOI
11/ 9/ 8 14:43
------------------------------------------------------------------ :PAGE

VARIATE
|NTRT*SIT|
GRAND MEAN
STANDARD
(N=
-------------------- SD/MEAN |
54)
DEVIATION
C OF V |SITE
|SITE*REP|NTRT
|
|E
|
0.0000
|
NO.
BASED ON
BASED ON
OBS.
54 5.5495
TOTAL SS
1.3506
RESID SS
0.65571
|
YIELD
0.0205
|
11.8 0.0600
|
0.2238
Nhn vo dng 7 v 10 ca phn kt qu ta c th kt lun: ni khc nhau khng

cho kt qu khc nhau v dng cc kt qu phn tch pha di phn tch thng
thng nh trng hp th nghim mt yu t. Nu ngi nghin cu quan tm
cht ch hn th cng c th kt lun ni khc nhau cho kt qu khc nhau (v xc
sut nhn Ho cha din hnh ca dng 7), nu vy cn phn tch ring cho mi ni.
Trong trng hp ny, ngi nghin cu nn lm li th nghim c nh gi
chnh xc hn.
4.5. Phn tch phng sai kt qu th nghim b tr nhiu nm
Kt qu th nghim thu c nh bng sau:

Bng. Nng sut ca 7 ging la th nghim trong thit k RCB vi 3 ln nhc li
trong cng thi v ca 2 nm lin tip.
Ging
Nm 1
Nm 2
s Nlai 1 Nlai 2 Nlai 3
T.s Nlai 1 Nlai 2 Nlai 3
1
3036 4177 3884 11097 1981 3198 3726
T.s
8905
96
2
3
4
5
6
7
T.theo
Nm
1369
5311
2559
1291
3452
1812
1554
5091
3980
1705
3548
2914
1899 4822
4839 15241
3853 10392
2130 5126
4640 11640
958 5684
64002
3751
3868
2729
3222
4250
3336
2391
3134
2786
3554
4134
4073
3714
3487
2598
2452
3339
2885
9856
10489
8113
9228
11723
10294
68608
Ngun: Gomez, 1984

K hiu: s nm: y; Nhc li: r; Cng thc: t
Bng cng phn tch phng sai c hnh thnh nh sau:
Source of variation
Year(Y)
Rep. Within year
Treatment(T)
TxY
Pooled Error
Total
Degree of freedom
y 1 = 1
y (r 1 ) = 4
t 1 = 6
(y-1)(t-1) = 6
y(r-1)(t-1) = 24
yrt-1 = 41
Vo s liu trong IRRISTAT di dng

sau:
97
Cc bc phn tch phng sai trong IRRISTAT.

Lm tng t nh phn tch ANOVA qua nhiu ni nhng thay ni bng nm th
hin nh bng di dy
Tip tc lm cc bcc tip theo nh i vi phn tch qua nhiu ni v c kt

qu sau:
NSUAT FILE QUANAM
13/ 9/ 8 8:41
------------------------------------------------------------------ :PAGE
Phan Tich ANOVA qua nam RCB
VARIATE V004 NSUAT

LN
SOURCE OF VARIATION
DF
SUMS OF
MEAN
F RATIO PROB ER
SQUARES
SQUARES
LN
=============================================================================
1 NAM
1 505124.
505124.
1.36 0.309 2
2 NAM*NLAI
4 .148246E+07 370616.
1.01 0.422 6
3 GIONG
6 .191589E+08 .319315E+07
8.71 0.000 6
4 NAM*GIONG
6 .154960E+08 .258267E+07
7.04 0.000 6
* RESIDUAL
24 .879934E+07 366639.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------* TOTAL (CORRECTED)
41 .454418E+08 .110834E+07
----------------------------------------------------------------------------TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE QUANAM
13/ 9/ 8 8:41
------------------------------------------------------------------ :PAGE
2
MEANS FOR EFFECT NAM
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
98
NAM
NOS
21
21
1
2
NSUAT
3047.71
3267.05
SE(N= 21)
132.847
5%LSD
4DF
520.732
------------------------------------------------------------------------------MEANS FOR EFFECT NAM*NLAI
------------------------------------------------------------------------------NAM
1
1
1
2
2
2
NLAI
NOS
7
7
7
7
7
7
1
2
3
1
2
3
NSUAT
2690.00
3281.29
3171.86
3305.29
3324.29
3171.57
SE(N=
7)
228.860
5%LSD 24DF
667.979
------------------------------------------------------------------------------MEANS FOR EFFECT GIONG
------------------------------------------------------------------------------GIONG
NOS
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
NSUAT
3333.67
2446.33
4288.33
3084.17
2392.33
3893.83
2663.00
SE(N=
6)
247.197
5%LSD 24DF
721.500
------------------------------------------------------------------------------MEANS FOR EFFECT NAM*GIONG
------------------------------------------------------------------------------NAM
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
GIONG
NOS
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
NSUAT
3699.00
1607.33
5080.33
3464.00
1708.67
3880.00
1894.67
2968.33
3285.33
3496.33
2704.33
3076.00
3907.67
3431.33
SE(N=
3)
349.590
5%LSD 24DF
1020.35
------------------------------------------------------------------------------ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE QUANAM
13/ 9/ 8 8:41
------------------------------------------------------------------ :PAGE

VARIATE
|NAM*GION|
GRAND MEAN
STANDARD
(N=
-------------------- SD/MEAN |
42)
DEVIATION
C OF V |NAM
|NAM*NLAI|GIONG
|
|G
|
NO.
BASED ON
BASED ON
99
OBS.
TOTAL SS
RESID SS
1052.8
605.51
|
NSUAT
0.0002
42
3157.4
19.2 0.3086
0.4224
0.0000
Cch phn tch kt qu tng t nh phn tch kt qu ca phn tch phng sai
qua cc ni, khi coi nm nh ni trong phn tch phng sai qua ni v cch
nhn xt cng tng t.
100
Chng 5.
PHN TCH HI QUI
5.1.
Hi quy tuyn tnh n

C cp s liu sau
Bng: Kt qu theo di s dnh (x) v nng sut la (y)
N. sut
(kg/ha)
M hnh tuyn tnh l:
S dnh
(dnh/m2)
4862
160
5244
175
5128
192
5052
195
5298
238
5410
240
5234
252
5608
282
Y = ax + b
Vo s liu trong IRRISTAT di dng sau:
Cc bc phn tch: Chn Analysis

Regression.
Lm tng t nh cc phn tch phng sai cho n khi c nh sau:
101
Chn c x v Y a sang hp Analysis Variates, sau chn Regression Model

c nh sau
Chn New c nh sau
102
a Y vo hp Response Variate; x vo hp Independent Variate v chn Add to

the Model trong hp Selection c nh sau:
Kch chut vo OK chy m hnh, c kt qu nh sau:
103
T kt qu trn cho thy hi quy lp c c tin cy cao vi phng trnh tuyn

tnh bc nht c xc nh nh sau:
Y = 4.555X + 4241.12
5.2.
Hi quy bi tuyn tnh
Hi quy bi tuyn tnh c biu din di dng phng trnh tng qut sau:
Y = a1X1 + a2X2 + ..+ anXn + B
Trong : X1, X2, Xn l cc bin c lp
a1, a2, l cc h s ca cc bin c lp
B l hng s v Y l bin ph thuc
V d ta c tp hp s liu theo di nng sut v phn tch hm lng N, P, K
trong ht t 45 mnh rung nh sau:
PLOT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Y14 G
1678
4265
2431
2431
4461
3110
4469
N%
0.9849
1.1714
1.0756
1.0435
1.2101
1.2084
1.1643
P%
0.0901
0.0926
0.0886
0.0807
0.0852
0.0845
0.0972
K%
0.3987
0.3814
0.4134
0.4027
0.3851
0.3746
0.3794
104
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
4194
3379
7132
4359
3646
6917
6692
7028
7196
4220
7250
4915
4185
7463
7367
7860
7624
2830
3705
3280
2906
4041
3295
4147
4102
3509
5087
4353
3915
5122
4660
5150
5730
3744
5363
4628
4212
5063
1.2369
1.0247
1.4624
0.9954
1.0404
1.5309
1.5001
1.6112
1.6009
0.9392
1.6738
0.9525
0.8468
1.602
1.6678
1.5521
1.5707
0.8732
1.0743
1.0124
0.9288
1.0279
1.1412
1.1594
1.0733
0.8955
1.2949
1.0541
0.9689
1.4547
1.2749
1.3373
1.2832
0.9977
1.7496
1.0091
0.8938
1.6833
0.085
0.2901
0.2467
0.2872
0.2487
0.2868
0.2776
0.2852
0.3104
0.2558
0.1985
0.2712
0.2474
0.3213
0.1793
0.3058
0.2969
0.2582
0.2396
0.2665
0.2705
0.2492
0.243
0.2867
0.2624
0.2395
0.2548
0.2604
0.2469
0.3239
0.2454
0.3057
0.3059
0.2103
0.1617
0.2208
0.2008
0.2609
0.4373
0.3108
0.2545
0.3095
0.3137
0.3071
0.2506
0.3091
0.3168
0.3039
0.2474
0.3116
0.3051
0.3144
0.2295
0.3296
0.3078
0.3204
0.239
0.3016
0.3078
0.2925
0.2475
0.2924
0.2736
0.3815
0.2978
0.3597
0.3806
0.3195
0.2556
0.3158
0.3104
0.2943
0.2353
0.2993
0.2919
0.2983
Vo s liu bng trn trong IRRSTAT di dng sau:
105
To thm 2 bin mi ghi gi tr d tha v gi tr ph hp sau khi

tnh hi qui c nh sau:
To xong, save file li chy hi qui.

106
Chn Analysis
Regression, vit lnh cho Comand File xong Open m
File s liu nh nh di:
T nh trn, a cc bin GY14,N%, P%, K% vo hp Analysis Variates

Xong chn Regression Model, chn New v chuyn cc bin t Analysis Variates
vo cc hp Response Variate v Independent Variates, chn Add to the Model
trong hp Selection c nh sau:
107
Chn Option, Correclation, Compute and Test Residuals nh nh di xong kch

chut vo OK chy m hnh.
Kt qu chy m hnh:
CORRELATION MATRIX AND STANDARD ERRORS FILE HQUYBOI
14/ 9/ 8 11:27
------------------------------------------------------------------ :PAGE
SECTION
CORR AND RESID. SES
108
Y14G
N%
P%
K%
0.1584525E+04
0.8156641E+00 0.2676436E+00
0.4406525E+00 0.1723501E+00 0.7490746E-01
-0.4226677E+00 -0.3386678E+00 -0.5344221E+00 0.5054769E-01
Y14G
N%
P%
K%
REGRESSION OF
Y14G
(2 ) ON 4
VARIATES FILE HQUYBOI
14/ 9/ 8 11:27
-------------------------------------------------------------------- :PAGE
2
TERM
NO
CONSTANT
N%
P%
K%
8
3
4
5
SOURCE
REGRESSION
RESIDUAL
TOTAL
COEFFICIENT
-2284.148
4515.239
6554.451
38.24514
SS
0.8374954E+08
0.2672206E+08
0.1104716E+09
STD. ERROR
F-VALUE
1484.60
483.325
1922.42
2982.48
DF
3
41
44
2.367
87.274
11.625
0.000
MS
0.2791651E+08
651757.7
PRBF
TOLERANCE
0.128
0.000
0.002
0.987
0.6571E-02
0.8852
0.7143
0.6517
PRBF
42.833
0.0000
R-SQUARED - 75.8%, (ADJUSTED FOR D.F.- 74.0%)

RECORD
RECORD
42 HAS INFLUENTIAL X-VAL. OBS=

45 HAS RESIDUAL= 2.6 SES OBS=
5363.
5063.
RES=
RES=
BOX PLOT OF STUDENTIZED RESIDUALS FROM LPLT= -2.570

NO.<LPLT
0 --------------------------I
+
MEDIAN=
0.2026E+00 ANDERSON-DARLING STATISTIC=
-1322.
-1975.
FIT=
FIT=
6685.
7038.
TO ULPT=
1.522
NO.>UPLT
I---------0
0.516
Kt qu cho ta phng trnh tuyn tnh vi ba bin c lp nh sau:
Y = -2284,148 + 4515,239 N% + 6554,451 P% + 38,245 K%

Vi tin cy ca phng trnh hi quy t mc cao vi xc sut nhn Ho rt
nh (0,000). Chng t phng trnh rt c ngha cho vic suy on t cc yu t
N, P, K ra nng sut Y
109

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B GIO DC V O TO

TRNG I HC NNG NGHIP H NI

Trng i hc Nng nghip H Ni Gio trnh Thit k th nghim v x l kt qu bng IRRISTAT.i

Ton b cc phn mi ny rt cn thit cho vic nhin cu su hn v ging v

- Hi quy tuyn tnh n. Phn ny c gi quen v c th nhanh chng

Trng i hc Nng nghip H Ni Gio trnh Thit k th nghim v x l kt qu bng IRRISTAT.iv

Hnh 1.1. Biu tng Shortcut ca IRRISTAT trn mn hnh.

Phn tch hi qui

Hnh 1.2. Cc menu chnh ca Window

Hnh 1.3. Ca s qun l s liu (data editor)

Data editor trnh by s liu di dng hng v ct. Mi hng l mt trng hp

Hnh 1.4. Bng s liu c lu tr trong Data editor

Hnh 1.5. Ca Text editor

Trng i hc Nng nghip H Ni Gio trnh Thit k th nghim v x l kt qu bng IRRISTAT..3

V d kt qu tnh ton ghi trong text editor nh 1.6:

Hnh 1.6. Kt qu phn tch lu li trong Text editor

Hnh 1.7. Ca s v th (Graph Window)

Trng i hc Nng nghip H Ni Gio trnh Thit k th nghim v x l kt qu bng IRRISTAT..4

Hnh 1.8. th c v trong Graph Window

Hnh 1.9. Menu File trn Main Window

Hnh 1.10. Menu Edit trn Main Window

Hnh 1.11. Menu Analysis trn Main Window

Hnh 1.12. Menu Utinities trn Main Window

Hnh 1.13. Menu Window trn Main Window

Trng i hc Nng nghip H Ni Gio trnh Thit k th nghim v x l kt qu bng IRRISTAT..7

Hnh 1.14. Chc nng ca menu file trong Data Editor

Hnh 1.15. Chc nng ca menu Edit trong Data Editor

Trng i hc Nng nghip H Ni Gio trnh Thit k th nghim v x l kt qu bng IRRISTAT..8

Hnh 1.16. Menu Options trong Data Editor

Hnh 1.17. Menu Tools trong Data Editor

Trng i hc Nng nghip H Ni Gio trnh Thit k th nghim v x l kt qu bng IRRISTAT..9

Hnh 1.18. Chc nng ca menu Window trong Data Editor

Hnh 1.19. Chc nng ca menu file trong Text Editor

Trng i hc Nng nghip H Ni Gio trnh Thit k th nghim v x l kt qu bng IRRISTAT..10

Hnh 1.20. Chc nng ca menu Edit trong ca Data Editor

Hnh 1.21. Chc nng ca menu Format trong Text Editor

Trng i hc Nng nghip H Ni Gio trnh Thit k th nghim v x l kt qu bng IRRISTAT..11

Hnh 1.22. Chc nng ca menu Window trong Text Editor

Cch s dng cc hp phn khc trong IRRISTAT

1.3.1. Cc nt iu khin (Command Buttons)

Hnh 1.23. Hai nt iu khin c chn

Trng i hc Nng nghip H Ni Gio trnh Thit k th nghim v x l kt qu bng IRRISTAT..12

1.3.2. Cc hp son tho (Text Boxes)

Hnh 1.24. Text box m t n v o ca bin nng sut

Hnh 1.25. Text box ghi ch ca phn tch hi qui

Hnh 1.26. Bin ngun ang c chn

Hnh 1.27. Bin mc tiu GIONG ang c chn.

Trng i hc Nng nghip H Ni Gio trnh Thit k th nghim v x l kt qu bng IRRISTAT..14

Hnh 1.28. Cc check boxes c la chn

Hnh 1.29. Nt tu chn Forward Selection c chn

Trng i hc Nng nghip H Ni Gio trnh Thit k th nghim v x l kt qu bng IRRISTAT..15

1.3.6. Hp tng gim (Spin Boxes)

Hnh 1.30. Minh ho hp tng gim

Hnh 1.31. Minh ho danh sch tu chn

Chng 2. MT S CCH QUN L S LIU C BN

Hnh 2.1. B s liu mu trong IRRISTAT

Trng i hc Nng nghip H Ni Gio trnh Thit k th nghim v x l kt qu bng IRRISTAT..17

cc menu khc nh Edit, Options, Tools (hin m) cha c kh nng lm vic

Hnh 2.2. Ca s Data Editor m vi menu File

Hnh 2.3. Mt workshet mi c m trong Data Editor

Trn mn hnh th hin mt m ngha l mt bin v mt quan st. Thm hng

Hnh 2.4. Workshet mi sn sng cho nhp s liu

Hnh 2.5. t v m t tn bin

Hnh 2.6. Bng s liu c thit k xong