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CHNG 1 TNG QUAN

1.1 Cc cng trnh nghin cu trong v ngoi nc

Ngoi nc: Cc nc, c bit l cc thnh ph ln tng t TP HCM nh Bangkok, Seoul u c h thng giao thng cng cng pht trin c thc hin t cc nghin cu v giao thng cng cng, v vn chuyn hnh khch, v quy hoch giao thng kh hon thin. c bit thnh ph Seoul (Hn quc) ngay t nm 1995 2000 c Vin Nghin cu pht trin Seoul tin hnh cc nghin cu chi tit v cu trc v pht trin mng li xe but t p ng c s pht trin v nhu cu i li ca ngi dn. Trong nc: TP H Ch Minh v H ni c cc nghin cu quy hoch mng li giao thng cng cng cho n nm 2020. Cc bn quy hoch mang tnh chin lc v nh hng l chnh, trong ch yu l quy hoch v mng li ng cng nh cc tuyn tu in ngm. Trng i hc Bch khoa TP H Ch Minh trong nm 2005 2006 c mt ti nghin cu v h thng xe bus theo hng gim tc nghn giao thng, gim tiu hao nhin liu v gim nhim mi trng. Tuy nhin, vic tin hnh nghin cu hon thin v pht trin mng li xe but cha c thc hin. Danh mc cc cng trnh nghin cu c lin quan n ti : 1. Nghin cu v giao thng TPHCM do cng ty t vn MVA (Vng quc Anh) thc hin nm 1998. 2. Quy hoch tng th v nghin cu kh thi GTVT th khu vc TPHCM. D n ny do B GTVT, UBND TPHCM v t chc JICA (Nht bn) thc hin t nm 2002 2005, 3. xut phng n xe BRT cho TP HCM, Ngn hng th gii PPIAF, nm 2005, 2006.

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4. Nghin cu c cu phng tin giao thng (xe bus) thnh ph H Ch Minh giai on 2010 2020 theo hng gim ch tc giao thng, gim nhim mi trng v gim tiu hao nhin liu. ti trng im i hc Quc gia. Phm Xun Mai, 2004 - 2006 5. Quy hoch pht trin giao thng vn ti TP H Ch Minh n nm 2020 v tm nhn sau nm 2020. Trung tm nghin cu pht trin giao thng (B GTVT) thc hin v c Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt nm 2007

1.2 Tnh cp thit v ngha ca ti

Do giao thng cng cng hin nay ch mi p ng 5-7% nhu cu, ch tc giao thng rt trm trng. Thc trng mng li tuyn xe but hin nay gp nhiu kh khn v cc mt k thut, cu trc v qun l iu hnh do vic thc hin ti ni trn l rt cp thit. ngha v tnh mi v khoa hc v thc tin: y l mt ti mang tnh mi v phng php khoa hc trong vi m hnh giao thng cng c . Xy dng v pht trin mng li xe but v ng dng n vo thc tin ca ngnh giao thng cng chnh TPHCM.

1.3 Phm vi, i tng nghin cu

ti s nghin cu cc ni dung sau: 1- nh gi mng li ng s thnh ph H Ch Minh phc v cho pht trin mng li xe but. 2- nh gi mng li cc tuyn xe but hin nay v cc thng s hot ng ca tuy dng. 3- nh gi hin trng xe but ang s dng v tnh ph hp trong khai thc v s d bn bi. nay. B tr xe trn tng tuyn v h thng c s h tng trm dng, nh ch, . Hiu qu trong khai thc s

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4- nh gi h thng t chc, qun l v iu hnh vn chuyn xe but hin nay 5- Nghin cu mt s m hnh t chc vn chuyn hnh khch cng cng ca cc thnh ph c tnh cht tng t TP HCM 6- Nghin cu nhu cu i li ca thnh ph H Ch Minh giai on n nm 2010-2015-2020. 7- Nghin c hng pht trin mng li tuy 2015 - 2020 v l trnh cng cng ha bng xe but. 8- Nghin cu cc gii php ti cu trc mng li tuyn xe but hin nay v tng bc hon thin mng li xe but p ng l trnh cng cng ha. 9- Nghin cu pht trin mng li v tuyn xe but ph hp nhu cu pht trin ca thnh ph trong tng lai trong c kh nng kt ni vi cc h thng giao thng khc. 10- Nghin cu cc iu kin cn thit p dng cc gii php trong thc t (c ch chnh sch, t chc qun l iu hnh mng, c s h tng cn c ). 11- Nghin cu nh gi tnh hiu qu ca mng li tuyn xe bus giai on n v sau nm 2015. 12- T chc hi tho ti S Giao thng Cng chnh v hon thin v pht trin mng li xe but, ly kin ng gp. Hon thin kt qu nghin cu v bo co kt qu, chuyn giao kt qu nghin cu. Cc phng php nghin cu s dng: 1- Phng php kho st giao thng trn tuyn 2- Phng php thng k phn tch 3- Phng php nh gi s liu 456- Cc phng php tnh ton trong t chc vn ti hnh khch thnh ph u nh 2010-

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1.4 ngha khoa hc v kh nng p dng thc tin

ti c ngha nhiu mt v c tnh thc tin cao: i vi pht trin lnh vc khoa hc c lin quan: Tng bc xy dng v pht trin mt m hnh khoa hc hp l v giao thng ni chung v giao thng cng cng ni ring cho thnh ph H Ch Minh v c th ng dng m hnh khoa hc ny cho cc thnh ph tng t trong c nc. i vi cng tc o to cn b khoa hc (k c vic nng cao nng lc, hon thin k nng nghin cu ca cc c nhn v tp th khoa hc thng qua vic thc hin ti) : Thng qua vic thc hin ti, s c kh nng o to v nng lc v k nng nghin cu khoa hc v giao thng ni chung v giao thng cng cng ni ring thnh ph H Ch Minh. Xy dng c mt nhm cc nh khoa hc v giao thng thnh ph c th gii quyt hoc phi hp gii quyt c cc bi ton v giao thng cng cng trong tng lai. i vi vic xy dng ng li, php lut, chnh sch: ti cho php y ban Nhn dn Thnh ph, S Giao thng Vn ti ban hnh cc chnh sch ph hp s hon thin v pht trin ca mng li tuyn xe but. C th l cc chnh sch v tuyn xe but u tin, v c s h tng, cc chnh sch v h thng gi v, c cu t chc vn chuyn i vi pht trin kinh t - x hi: Khi h thng giao thng cng cng bng xe but c hon thin v pht trin, tnh trng kt xe s c gim dn, nhim mi trng do kt xe s c gim bt. T l cng cng ha ngy cng tng tha mng nhu cu i li ca nhn dn nh kinh t x hi s c pht trin hi ha hn. i vi ni ng dng kt qu nghin cu: Cho php S Giao thng Vn ti thnh ph H Ch Minh c c mt k hoch, gii php v cc ti liu c th t chc thc hin cng tc hon thin v pht trin mng li tuyn xe but. Trn c s ny S Giao thng cng chnh s ch ng a ra cc chnh sch v bin php i km thch hp vi tnh hnh ca giao thng thnh ph qua tng giai on pht trin.

1.5 Cc thut ng
1.5.1 Cc thut ng lin quan tuyn

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a) Hnh lang vn ti: l cc hnh lang c lu lng giao thng ln vi cc nh hng r rng. tng lai. b) Vn ti hnh khch cng cng bng xe but : l hot ng vn ti khch theo tuyn c nh c cc im dng n, tr khch v xe chy theo biu vn hnh. c) Tuyn xe but: l tuyn vn ti hnh khch cng cng bng xe but, c biu vn hnh, im u, im cui v cc im dng n tr khch theo quy nh. e) H s y khch (h s ti trng ng): lng HK c mt trn xe (ti mt thi im nht nh)/ tng sc cha ca xe. Ch c c qua kho st thc t. f) H s li dng sc cha (h s ti trng tnh): Lng HK 1 chuyn/tng sc cha ca xe. g) H thng cc tuyn but ca mt thnh ph ng dn bao gm: a s cc nc pht trin, c nn tng giao thng cng cng tt ti cc th ln, thng thng c cc loi hnh tuyn xe but nh sau, v y cng l cc loi hnh tuyn xe but m ti ngh p dng cho TP H Ch Minh : I- H thng cc tuyn but c bn: l tuyn xe but phc v nhu cu i li c bn ca mi i tng. II- H thng cc tuyn but chuyn dng: Chuyn trch phc v cho nhu cu ca cc nhm i tng c th, hnh thnh do nhu cu c bit trong mt khng gian v thi gian c bit. h) H thng cc tuyn but c bn: Theo c im phc v, h thng cc tuyn but c bn c cc loi tuyn sau: i) Tuyn trc: Tuyn trc l tuyn xe but hot ng trn cc hnh lang vn ti c lu lng hnh khch ln (t 5.000 10.000 HK/gi/hng), hng tuyn tng i thng, i xuyn tm. Ch s dng loi xe ln B80, thi gian gin cch thp. i vi thnh ph ch cn hai hay ti a l bn tuyn trc i theo cc trc ng-Ty, Bc-Nam. Cc tuyn trc nh l xng sng cho mng li xe but khi cha c cc loi hnh vn chuyn khi lng ln nh metro, tramway.
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ii) Tuyn chnh: bao gm tuyn chnh, tuyn vnh ai. Tuyn chnh: l tuyn xe but hot ng trn cc hnh lang vn ti lu lng ln, c t chc trn cc ng ph chnh, hng tuyn dng hng tm, s dng loi xe ln. Tuyn vnh ai: l tuyn xe but hot ng trn cc hnh lang vn ti c hng i vng trn cc ng vnh ai, khng qua trung tm thnh ph nhm trnh cc hnh trnh i xuyn tm. iii) Tuyn nhnh: bao gm tuyn nhnh loi 1, loi 2, tuyn vng. Tuyn nhnh l tuyn p ng cc hnh trnh i li c c ly ngn hot ng trong khu vc hay lin vng, lin kt cc im pht sinh/thu ht hnh trnh vi cc tuyn trc, tuyn chnh v cc u mi trung chuyn. Tuyn nhnh loi 1 (Ni vng): Tuyn nhnh loi 1 l tuyn hot ng trong phm vi ni khu vc, ch yu hot ng trong cc tiu khu vc ca 7 phn vng. Khu vc 1 (Qun 1, 3, 4, 5, 10, 11) Khu vc 2 (Qun 12, Tn Bnh, Tn Ph, G Vp) Khu vc 3 (Qun 2, Bnh Thnh) Khu vc 4 (qun 6, 8, Bnh Tn, Bnh Chnh) Khu vc 5 (Qun 7, Nh B, Cn Gi) Khu vc 6 (qun 9, Th c) Khu vc 7 (huyn Hc Mn v C Chi) Tuyn nhnh loi 2 (Lin vng): Tuyn nhnh loi 2 l tuyn hot ng lin kt gia cc khu vc, tiu khu vc v cung cp hnh khch cho tuyn chnh v tuyn trc v ngc li. Tuyn vng: c dng hnh vng trn, vng s 8 c im u v im cui trng nhau (khp kn), ch yu ni kt trong cc khu vc trung tm. iv) Tuyn thu gom: cc tuyn thu gom hnh khch t cc khu dn c ra cc bn/trm dng ca tuyn chnh, tuyn nhnh, hoc metro. Trn cc tuyn thu gom s dng xe 12-14 ch, hot ng trn i bn tng qun v cm dn c.

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v) Tuyn but nhanh: Phc v nhu cu di chuyn nhanh t ngoi thnh vo ni thnh v ngc li. Tuyn but nhanh hot ng trn cc hnh lang vn ti, hng tuyn i xuyn tm v tng i thng, c ly kh di. Tuyn but nhanh ch dng ti cc trm ng khch trn l trnh (b bt trm so vi tuyn xe but thng). vi) BRT (Bus Rapid Transit): l loi hnh tuyn but nhanh c xy dng ln ng dnh ring, s dng cc loi xe ni toa c sc cha ln 180-270 HK. V nhim v cc tuyn but nhanh v BRT u nh nhau, nhng xy dng cc tuyn BRT i hi u t v h tng ng s v phng tin. Khi c s h tng ti TP.HCM cha iu kin trin khai BRT th cc tuyn but nhanh l gii php tm thi. Khi mng li BRT hon thin th cc tuyn but nhanh s ngng hot ng.

Tuyn trc chnh Tuyn nhnh hin trng Tuyn nhnh quy hoch Tuyn thu gom Hnh 1.1 M hnh thu gom i) Cc loi tuyn chuyn dng.
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Tuyn chuyn dng c cc loi hnh sau: i) Tuyn but m Tuyn but m l tuyn xe but c thi gian hot ng vo ban m trong khong t 22h00 n 5h00 sng ngy hm sau, m bo nhu cu i li vo bui ti ca ngi dn thnh ph v c bit l nhu cu i li nhng khu vc vui chi gii tr, nhng ngi lm vic v khuya. Mng li xe but m ch m bo ph mng trn cc trc ng chnh v ni kt vi cc trung tm vui chi gii tr ban m. ii) Tuyn ph cn Tuyn ph cn hot ng vn chuyn hnh khch t thnh ph (cc trm trung chuyn) n cc khu vc ph cn (Long An, Bnh Dng, ng Nai..) v ngc li. iii) Tuyn ni kt. L cc tuyn dng xng c dng ni kt trc tip gia cc a vt giao thng vi nhau, hoc khu vc dn c vi cc tuyn BRT, metro, tramway , hoc gia cc tuyn ng st th vi nhau. iv) Tuyn con thoi. L tuyn phc v hnh khch c nhu cu i li nhanh chng gia cc u mi giao thng: bn xe lin tnh, ga xe la, sn bay, bn tu khch. Tuyn con thoi ch dng ti hai im u v cui tuyn trn sut l trnh. v) Tuyn cng nhn: L loi tuyn chuyn phc v cho i tng l cng nhn i t cc khu nh tp trung, cc trm trung chuyn hoc cc im nh sn trong thnh ph n cc khu cng nghip, theo mt lch trnh xc nh sn, c mt tp trung cao vo gi cao im. Tuyn cng nhn ch hot ng vo gi cao im bui sng v bui chiu. vi) Tuyn sinh vin : L loi tuyn chuyn phc v cho i tng l sinh vin i t cc khu vc khc nhau trong thnh ph, cc khu KTX sinh vin, n cc trng i hc, lng i hc, theo mt lch trnh xc nh sn, c mt tp trung cao vo gi cao im.
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i vi loi hnh a rc hc sinh (HS) nn t chc a rc theo hp ng gia cc trng vi cc n v kinh doanh VTHK nhng c s tr gi t thnh ph. Vic t chc cc tuyn a rc hc sinh rt quan trng v gim bt p lc a rc cho ngi trong gia nh v tnh to ra cc hnh trnh khng cn thit (1 hc sinh nu c ngi khc a rc th s pht sinh gp i chuyn i so vi nhu cu thc t). Khuyn khch, h tr tuyn truyn tp cho hc sinh c thc s dng phng tin cng cng nhm gim n tc giao thng. j) Xe bus hp ng: cc lai xe bus ny c b tr cho nhu cu i li ca mt gia nh hoc mt nhm gia nh hoc mt c quan, on th. Ch yu phc v i du lch, i cng tc trong v ngoi thnh ph v vng ph cn. Ngoi ra, ty theo tng thi im v tng yu cu c bit khc, s c cc loi hnh xe but chuyn dng thch hp. 1.5.2. Cc thut ng lin quan c s h tng. a) Nh ga L ni trung chuyn hnh khch ca cc loi hnh giao thng khc nhau nh xe but, ng st th, ng st quc gia hoc sn bay. Nh ga bao gm nh ga hnh khch v ga metro/tramway. i) Nh ga hnh khch: l ni trung chuyn hnh khch gia h thng ng st hoc hng khng vi h thng xe but, metro. Nh ga hnh khch c cc hng mc nh: Nh iu hnh (cc b cho khu vc nh ga). Khu nh ch: L cng trnh xy dng sc cha lng ln hnh khch, c gh ngi phc v hnh khch trong thi gian ch chuyn tuyn. Cung cp cho hnh khch cc thng tin v mng li tuyn, thi gian chuyn xe k tip, ni n xe Cn tin phc v nhu cu hnh khch khi ch xe but hay tu in. ng dn HK t tuyn ny sang tuyn khc (ngm/trn cao). Bi lu u cho xe but chia theo tng tuyn trung chuyn. Dch v k thut kim tra xe sau mi chuyn. Cc hng tuyn ra vo cho xe but. Bi gi xe c nhn min ph.
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Ngoi ra c th c thm cc dch v khc nh hiu sch, cc ca hng hoc siu th mini

Hnh 1.2 Bn ngoi nh ga hnh khch Gorge de Loup (Lyon Php)

K T N I VI NG ST QUC GIA

KT NI VI XE BUT

METRO

Hnh 1.3 S b tr nh ga hnh khch Gorge de Loup (Php) ii) Ga metro/tramway: l ni n/tr khch ca h thng ng st th, thng kt hp trung chuyn hnh khch gia xe but v ng st th, c ch lu u cho 1 hoc 2 tuyn xe but ni kt.
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Li ln/xung ca Metro

V tr u xe but

Hnh 1.4 Ni kt gia ga metro v xe but ti Lyon, Php Mt ga metro/tramway cn c cc hng mc nh: Li ln xung tu in ngm. V tr u xe but (ch cn cho 1 hoc 2 tuyn but ni kt vi Metro) Nh ch xe but. Khu vc gi xe c nhn 2 bnh min ph. b) Trm trung chuyn Trm trung chuyn l ni tip chuyn hnh khch gia cc loi hnh tuyn to s lin hon cho mng li xe but. V tr ca cc trm trung chuyn c chn ti cc ni c mt tp trung hnh khch cao, cc nt giao thng quan trng ti ca ng ca thnh ph. i) Trm trung chuyn cp 1: l ni giao ct gia cc tuyn trc, tuyn chnh vi nhau, c vai tr l u mi trung chuyn cho mng li tuyn xe but. y cng c th l bn u/cui ca ng thi nhiu tuyn trc, tuyn chnh, tuyn nhnh. Trm trung chuyn cp 1 thng c cc hng mc: Nh iu hnh (cc b cho khu vc trm trung chuyn khng phi ton b mng li). Nh ch: Ngoi vic cung cp cc thng tin cn thit phi sc cha cho lng hnh khch ng c khi cao im. Cung cp thng tin v ni n xe, chuyn tuyn (cho tng tuyn c th). Cn tin phc v hnh khch.

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ng dn HK t tuyn ny sang tuyn khc (ngm/trn cao). Bi lu u xe but chia theo tng tuyn trung chuyn. Cc hng tuyn ra vo cho xe but. Dch v k thut kim tra xe sau mi chuyn. Bi gi xe c nhn min ph. ii) Trm trung chuyn cp 2: l ni giao ct gia tuyn chnh vi tuyn nhnh, hoc gia cc tuyn nhnh vi nhau, c vai tr l u mi trung chuyn ca khu vc, ni kt mng li tuyn chnh vi tuyn nhnh hoc cc tuyn nhnh hot ng trong khu vc. Mt trm trung chuyn cp 2 cn c cc hng mc nh: Nh ch. Bi lu u xe but. Cc hng tuyn ra vo cho xe but. Bi gi xe c nhn min ph. ng dn HK t tuyn ny sang tuyn khc (ngm/trn cao) c) Bn u cui Bn u, cui tuyn l cc v tr u/cui ca tuyn xe but xe tm lu u n chuyn tip theo. Xe but cn c khong trng hoc hnh lang/vng xoay quay tr u xe, dng ngh hay u tm v c lc np nhin liu. Ti x v nhn vin phc v cng cn c ch ngh ngi. Din tch cho mt xe tiu chun l 40m2. Nu khng c bn lu u c th s dng tm lng l ng (nhng on ng rng c 2 ln tr ln), c sn k u, tm s dng va h rng c thi gian, cch xa cc giao l ( > 50 m) trnh gy n tc cc b, khot va h lm ni u xe. Lng xe lu u ti cc bn u cui khng nhiu (thng ch cho 1 hoc 2 tuyn xe but). Ti im u cui tuyn c b tr nh ch phc v hnh khch, c bi gi xe c nhn min ph. Quy nh ring khi khot l: Va h khot l phi rng t 3 mt tr ln, phn va h cn li sau khi ct gt phi c b rng ln hn 1,5m m bo nhu cu i li (4128 /Q-SGTCC ngy 26 thng 9 nm 2005).

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Hnh 1.5 S b tr bn lu u trn ng

Hnh 1.6 Mt bn lu u trn ng d) Trm dng Trm dng xe but l cng trnh chuyn dng lm im n tr khch trn cc tuyn xe but. Ti cc giao l c lu lng phng tin ln phi b tr trm dng cch giao l > 50m. V tr b tr nh ch tun theo Quyt nh s 4128 /Q-SGTCC ngy 26/9/2005 ca S Giao thng Cng chnh. e) Nh ch Nh ch xe but l cng trnh chuyn dng c trang b mi che v gh ngi phc v cho hnh khch khi i xe mt s trm dng. Nh ch phi c bng thng tin v mng li tuyn: s mng, l trnh tuyn i qua, thi gian hot ng, thi gian gin cch, gi v, v tr hin ti ca HK . Nh ch cn b tr n chiu sng, thng rc. Vic b tr lp t nh ch tun theo Quyt nh s 4128 /Q-SGTCC ngy 26/9/2005 ca S Giao thng Cng chnh. f) Bi hu cn Bn k thut:

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Bn k thut l ni thc hin cc tc nghip k thut kim tra bo tr xe, thc hin cc quy nh hnh chnh v bn giao xe cho b phn qun l. Ngoi cc bn k thut, cn c mt nh my sa cha chuyn v xe but quy m va v ln nh thay th ng c, thay mi ni tht c tnh p ng cho 2% n 3% s xe hot ng. Bi hu cn l ch u cho cc xe d phng v cc xe lu u qua m sau mt ngy hot ng. V tr cc bi hu cn - bn k thut phi b tr gn u cui tuyn ( cc nc trn TG tiu chun < 5km). Din tch cn cho mt xe but tiu chun 40m2 cha k li ra vo cy xanh, vn phng Thng c s kt hp ca c bi hu cn v bn k thut ti mt v tr.

Hnh 1.7 Bi hu cn Bn k thut 1.5.3 Cc ch tiu nh gi mng li ng giao thng a) Mt ng: l t l chiu di ng giao thng trn mt n v din tch t th.
L F

(km/km2)

Trong :

: Mt ng (km/km2)

L : Tng chiu di ng giao thng ca mng li (km) F : Tng din tch t ton th (km2)

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Mt ng nh gi quy m c s h tng ca th. Tiu chun tham kho ca th gii l [4-6 km/km2] [4] b) Mt din tch ng: l t l din tch ng trn mt n v din tch t th.
F F

(km2/km2)
n

Trong :

F
i 1

li xBi

F : Tng din tch t ton th (km2) F : Tng din tch ng ton th (km2) l : chiu di ng i (km) B : B rng ng i (km) n : tng s lng cc con ng ton thnh ph Tiu chun tham kho ca th gii l 15%. [4] c) Mt din tch t giao thng: l t l din tch t dnh cho giao thng, bao gm giao thng tnh v giao thng ng, trn mt n v din tch t th (km2/km2). Trong din tch giao thng tnh bao gm bn bi u xe, sn bay, bn cng; din tch giao thng ng l din tch ng giao thng, k c ung giao thng ni b. Tiu chun tham kho cc nc: 18,5% - 25% [4] 1.5.4 Cc ch tiu nh gi mng li tuyn xe but. Cc k hiu chung: F : Din tch t thnh ph (2095 km2) L : Tng chiu di ng giao thng ca mng li (km) L1 : Chiu di ng xe but (khng tnh trng lp) (km) L2 : Chiu di cc on trng lp (km) L3 : C ly mng li tuyn xe but (km)

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Hnh 1.8 V d tnh ton chiu di tuyn xe but Gi nh cho mng li c 3 tuyn xe but, mi tuyn c chiu di 4km nh hnh 1.8: L1 = AB+BC+BD+DE+DF+FG+FH+EK=8km; L2 = AB+2BD+DF=4km; L3 = 4+4 +4= 12km a) Mt tuyn ( t): l t l chiu di ng c xe but i qua trn mt n v din tch t th.
t

L1 F

(km/km2)

Tiu chun cc nc: 2 - 4 km/km2 [4] . b) H s tuyn (Kt): l gi tr bnh qun chiu di tuyn giao thng cng cng trn mt n v chiu di ng giao thng thuc mng li tuyn.
Kt L3 L

(km/km)

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p

Trong :

L3
i 1

lti

Kt : H s tuyn lti : Chiu di tuyn th i p : Tng s lng tuyn ca mng li L3 : Tng c ly cc tuyn ca mng li (k c trng lp) (km) L: Tng chiu di ng giao thng ca mng li (km) Tiu chun cc nc: 1,5-3 km/km [4]. c) T l trng lp tuyn: T l ca chiu di cc on trng lp trn tng c ly tuyn xe but/s lng tuyn c bn. Tnh cho mt ln trng:
L2 L3 1 L1 (%) L3

T l trng lp = /s tuyn c bn ton mng d) bao ph: bao ph ca mng li xe but l vng m bo kh nng tip cn tuyn xe but gn nht ca ngi dn c bn knh < 300m (qung ng i b < 500m) n v tnh (km2) cho khu vc ni thnh. Phng php th 2 tnh theo dn s tip cn vi mng li xe but vi qung ng i b 500m.

Hnh 1.9 Bn bao ph mng li xe but trc iu chnh

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e) H s chuyn tuyn i: L s ln chuyn tuyn cho mt hnh trnh ca hnh khch. VD: Hnh trnh t A n B i 1 tuyn: i = 0 i 2 tuyn: i = 1 i 3 tuyn: i = 2 H s chuyn tuyn i cng nh th kh nng thu ht ngi dn i xe but cng cao. Tuy nhin i cng nh th trng lp tuyn cng ln, do vy cn phi cn nhc k cng mng li t hiu qu cao nht. Cc ch tiu khc: h) S xe but chun/1000 dn [4] T l gia s lng on phng tin c quy i ra xe but tiu chun (B55) trn dn s thnh ph, n v: chic/ngn ngi. Bnh qun cc thnh ph Chu 0,50. Cc nc thu nhp thp: 0,31. Cc nc thu nhp trung bnh: 1,73 (Bangkok:1,14; Manila 3,65; Seoul 0,72 +Metro). j) S tuyn trn/triu dn [4] T l gia tng s tuyn xe but ca ton mng li trn dn s thnh ph, n v (tuyn/triu dn). Cc nc thu nhp thp: 29,9. Cc nc thu nhp trung bnh: 33,4. Cc nc thu nhp cao: 40,2.

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