Container ships

Two broad categories:

i.
a.

1. Cargo ships
General cargo

Break Bulk - cargo that may be affixed to a pallet. Palletised cargo facilitates the loading into the ship by crane or derrick. Neo-Bulk a subcategory of general cargo, with the other subcategories of break-bulk cargo & containerised cargo.
a. a.

Containerised

ii.
a. b.

Bulk cargo
Dry bulk Liquid bulk

2. Passenger ships.

Slag - waste material produced when coal is dug from the earth, or a substance produced by mixing .

Clinker - a loose, black deposit that can consist of coke, coal, slag, charcoal, or grit & other waste materials.

Coke - what is left after coal is heated & the gas and tar removed, which is burnt as a fuel.

Molasses - a thick dark brown liquid made from sugar plants used in cooking, Gravel - small rounded stones, often mixed with sand.

Grit - small pieces of stone or sand.

The rear part of the ship includes 1. a deck superstructure with the navigating bridge & the means necessary for the propulsion of the ship: machinery & fuel tanks. The front part of the ship includes the stem & store rooms (if any). The central part includes the hold constructed in accordance with the type of cargo to be transported. In conventional large transport ships (e.g. tankers, bulk carriers, container ships, LNG carriers) the construction is used wherein ballast is loaded in order to control the gravity & prevent problems related to a shallow draft.

e.g. shallow draft causes problems: the degree of hogging during navigation is large, the ship is exposed to the impact of waves striking the ship bottom (so called slamming), the propeller cannot be immersed fully, it emerges from the water a decrease in the propulsion performance & an increase in the load fluctuation on the propeller & main engine (propeller racing), the rudder cannot be submerged sufficiently manoeuvrability worsens. Loaded ballast lowers the draft.
4

Cargo loading / unloading used to be slow, standardised carrying box, or container at 20 feet long (the TEU = 20 foot equivalent unit) allowed for vessels to be designed to carry these standard sized boxes, Consequently dockside equipment needed to be designed to lift, stack and store these specific shapes. Initially, small vessels of up to 10,000 DWT, carried no more than a few hundred TEU. Today's container ships are being built to take over 13,000 TEU (such as the Emma Maersk). Even larger vessels (the "Malaccamax") are now being constructed take up to 18,000 TEU. The term "Malaccamax" refers to the depth, as the shallowest part of the Malacca Straits is 25 metres deep. This is the limiting factor for any vessel wishing to transit the Straits.

1. bridge castle front

2. deck containers 3. foremast & mast top (pramani
jarbol)

4. forecastle 5. insulated containers in holds 6. container refrigeration ducts

(vod)

7. double hull
8. passageway (prolaz)
6

Freight container any article of equipment with an overall volume greater than 8m (rigid or collapsible) suitable for repeated use in the carriage of materials in bulk or package form and capable of transfer between one or more forms of transport, built to the ISO requirements,

materials: mild steel, stainless steel-aluminium alloy, plywood, fibre-glass or combinations of these.
7

Containers carried in:

holds

- cellular structure of angle bars forming container guides that stow containers on top of another.

weather

decks - containers are carefully secured to ensure that they will not shift. stowage loading - hatchways are very large; accessibility of the hold is of the utmost importance.

Vertical

large

hatch openings; no tween decks; no need for cargo handling gear, operate from wellequipped special terminals.
8

20' GP (standard type) 40' GP (standard type) 20' HC - 1 foot taller than a standard 20' GP) 40' HC - 1 foot taller than a standard 40' GP

Fully enclosed with strong, rigid walls. One of the walls adapted to create a door opening.

Open top container 20 foot (20) & 40 foot (40)

GP general purpose HC high cube 20 feet (6.058m) 40 feet (12.192m)

the only differences between high cube and their standard equivalents are the height and increased cubic capacity.

10

e.g. The 20 foot shipping container dimensions are categorised:

The 20 foot intermodal container sizes:

20 foot external container sizes (imperial) 20 foot internal container sizes (imperial)

20 foot external container dimensions (metric) 20 foot internal container dimensions (metric)

11

Intermodal Intermodal Length (feet) Width (feet) 1910 80

Inside Intermodal Capacity Height (feet) (cubic feet) 86 1,160

Floor Area (sq feet) 150

Container Weight (tonnes) 2.4 Container Weight (tonnes) 2.4

Door Width (feet) 76

Door Height (feet) 75

Intermodal Intermodal Length (feet) Width (feet) 193 77

Inside Intermodal Capacity Height (feet) (cubic feet) 79 1,160

Floor Area (sq feet) 150

Door Width (feet) 76

Door Height (feet) 75

Container Length (metres) 6.06

Container Width (metres) 2.44

Container Height (metres) 2.59

Inside Capacity (cubic metres) 32.85

Floor Area (sq metres) 13.93

Container Weight (tonnes) 2.44

Door Width (metres) 2.28

Door Height (metres) 2.26

Container Length (metres) 5.87

Container Width (metres) 2.33

Container Height (metres) 2.35

Inside Capacity (cubic metres) 32.85

Floor Area (sq metres) 13.93

Container Weight (tonnes) 2.44

Door Width (metres) 2.28

Door Height (metres) 2.26

12

Thermal container or reefer (interior insulation on the doors, roof, floor & walls)

Tank or dry bulk container for food, liquid or sensitive freight

Insulated container Flat rack or platform container

No fixed walls or any load-carrying structures, transport & distribution of wood or other heavy objects

13

1.

1.top end transverse member (cross rail) (gornje popreno rebro kontejnera) 2. front wall panel (eona stjenka) 3. side wall panel (bona stjenka) 4. roof panel (ploha) 5. door header 6. end door (eona vrata kontejnera) 7. hinge (arka) 8. rod guide (motka) 9. cam end guide (bregast) cam end 10. lever (poluga) door gasket (brtva) 11.bottom rear cross member corner fitting (oprema) 12. fork lift pockets (otvori za manipulaciju s viljukarom) 11a. bottom cross member (poprena greda podnog okvira kontejnera) 13. floor 14. bottom side rail (boni okvir) 15. bottom end transverse member (bottom front cross) (popreno rebro dna kontejnera)

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

17.

7.

16. 15.

8.

9.

14. 13. 10.

11a.

12.

11.

16. corner post (ugaona greda kontejnera)

17. top side rail (gornja bona ograda)

14

Container stowage plans

drawn up to assist in advance planning. document the positioning of containers on board.

The stowage space of the container on board the ship is stated in numbers and is recorded in the shipping documents.
The bay-row-tier system follows a system of numerical coordinates relating to length, width and height.

15