Gujarati-English Learner's Dictionary Babu Suthar: A Nirman Foundation Project

Gujarati- English Learners Dictionary
Babu Suthar
(Second draft)
A Nirman Foundation Project

Department of South Asia Studies
University of Pennsylvania
820 Williams Hall
36th and Spruce
Philadelphia PA 19104
Babu Suthar
3
In Memory of
Harivallabh Bhayani
We will revise this draft again after we receive comments and suggestions from the
scholars and the users. There are still problems with phonetic transcription of some
words. We will fix them as soon as we get feedback from the scholars. Meanwhile,
we request the users to consult us before using information from this dictionary in
their reserach.
Babu Suthar
bsuthar@sas.upenn.edu
5
Introduction
Gujarati is a poor language of the rich people. This language does not have scientifically
written grammar books. Whatever grammar books it has are mainly pedagogic. It does
not have well written dictionaries either. There are some, monolingual as well as
bilingual, but many of them are impressionistic and outdated. This language is divided
into many social and geographical dialects, but very few of them have been explored.
Many dialects still await their documentation. It has attracted many linguists, but their
impact on the language, speakers, and writers has been negligible. Gujaratis are
everywhere, and so is Gujarati; but Gujarati rarely is taught systematically. The children
of Gujarati Diaspora learn some Gujarati either from their parents or from Gujarati
language classes run mainly by Hindu temples. There is no well written teaching material
either. Some individuals have created some material, but much of it lacks
professionalism. In addition, it is also faulty either in grammar or in pragmatics or both.
This is unfortunate. In order to overcome this situation, partially if not fully, the
Department of South Asia Regional Studies, University of Pennsylvania has taken a
leadership role. They have encouraged designing teaching material under which we have
created three textbooks: Gujarati Reader 1, 2 and 3. The Reader 1 is devoted to the
writing system, while the Reader 2 is devoted to written conversations. The Reader 3 is a
collection of Aesops fables rendered in Gujarati. This dictionary is a part of that project
but it has been funded by the Nirman Foundation, Washington DC. It is perhaps the first
dictionary of the language created for the beginning student who is learning Gujarati
language as a second language. It is also the first dictionary in Gujarati which gives
phonetic transcription of the head words in International Phonetic Alphabet. Besides, it is
also the first one that gives graphemic transcription of each head words. This dictionary
will certainly facilitate the learner in learning the differences between spoken and written
Gujarati.
I am thankful to Nirman Foundation. Without their support this dream would have
remained unfulfilled. I am also thankful to Prof. Bhikhu Parekh and Dr. Chandrakant
Shrof for taking personal interest in this project. I can not forget Prof. Guy Welbon,
former Chairperson of the South Asia Regional Studies, University of Pennsylvania, who
underlined the need of creating teaching material and supported all the projects. This
dictionary is the third project that he supported. I am also thankful to Prof. Michael W.
Meister, the Chairperson of the Department of South Asia, for encouraging me in
finishing this work. Finally, I am thankful to Prof. Buckley, Department of Linguistics,
University of Pennsylvania, and Dr. Bharti Modi, Ex. Chairperson, Department of
Linguistics, The M.S. University of Baroda for ofering me guidance on various issues
related to compiling dictionary.
Babu Suthar
Sunday, June 29, 2003
6
Content
1. Explanatory notes
2. Abbriviations
3. Dictionary
A
Aa
;
:
w
W
Ae
AE
Ao
AO
k
`
g
3
c
2
j
z
4
5
6
7
t
9
d
0
n
p
f
b
m
y
r
l
v
=
q
s
h
7
10
12
12
20
25
26
26
29
30
30
32
32
33
33
41
46
52
55
62
65
70
73
75
77
79
80
87
88
96
100
111
132
137
146
154
167
168
175
183
200
205
205
229
7
x
}a
4. Gujarati Parts of speech
5. Numerals
235
235
236
255
8
Explanatory Notes:
Structure of the entries: Each entry contains five parts in the following order: 1. Headword, 2. Phonetic transcription, 3. Graphemic transcription, 4. Grammatical designation
and 5. Gloss. In addition, some entries may contain example.
1. Head-word: Head-word is the word to be glossed. It is given here in Gujarati script.
Spellings such as gga, pjo, 5*6I, sNt and sMp are avoided in favor of more traditional
spellings g&ga, p&jo, 5&6I, s&t and s&p.
2. Phonetic transcription: For each head-word phonetic transcription is given here in
Broad transcription. Syllabic division is also marked. This will facilitate the learners in
learning how to pronounce the words and how to relate them with their grapheme
structure. However, stress pattern is left unmarked.
Phonetic transcription is given in International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) which is
given bellow:
Vowels:
Front
Close
Central Back
Close-mid e
o
\
Open-mid
Open
Lateral
approximant
Approximant
non-asp.
asp.
Plosive
vl.
Trill
vd.
Bilabial
Nasal
vd.
b
Labiodental
vl.
vd.
Dental
vd.
Alveolar
Post alveolar vl.
Fricative
vl.
vd.
vl.
Retroflex
vd.
c
Palatal
vl.
vd.
Velar
vl.
g
Pharyngeal
Consonants:
10
3. Graphemic transcription: For each word graphemic transcription is also given using
the following symbols. This will help students learning the relationship between sound
and later with is not always symmetrical in Gujarati.
Vowels:
A
\
Aa
a
;
i
:
ii
w
u
W
uu
Ae
e
AE
\i
Ao
o
AO
\u
A&
\m
A
\h
ru
Consonants:
k
k\
`
kh\
g
g\
3
gh\
c
c\
2
ch\
j
\
z
h\
4
\
5
h\
6
\
7
h\
8
\
t
t\
9
th\
d
d\
0
dh\
n
n\
p
p\
f
ph\
b
b\
bh\
m
m\
y
y\
r
r\
l
l\
v
v\
=
\
q
s\
s
s\
h
h\
X
\
x
k\
}a
gn\
4. Gloss: Gloss illustrates the main sense of the word. In some cases, more than one
meaning are given in the order of their prominence.
11
Abbriviations
adj.
advb.
conj.
fem.
hon.
masc.
neut.
postp
pron.
v.intr.
v.dat.
v.exp.
v.tr.
adjective
adverb
conjunction
feminine
honorific
masculine
neuter
postposition
pronoun
intransitive verb
dative verb
experiencer verb
transitive verb
Symbols:
/./
<.>
syllabic break
boundary of the letter
Axy /\k.\.j\/ <\.k\.j\> adj.

1.imperishable. 2. inexhaustible.
Akb&0 /\k.b\n.d\/ <\.k\.b\~.dh\> adj. .

1. intact. 2. neither opened nor broken.
Axr /\k.\.r\/ <\.k\.r\> masc. .1. a

letter, 2. a syllable
Ak6avu& /\k.a.vu~/ <\.k\.a.vu~> v.intr.

to get angry.
Axr /\k.\.r\/ <\.k\.r\> adj. .

indestructible.
Ak6avu& /\k.a.vu~/ <\.k\.a.vu~> v.intr.

to have cramp.
Axr= /\k.\.r\.\.h\/ <\.k\.r\.\.h\>

adv.. 1.literally. 2. letter by letter. 3.
word by word.
AkmRk /\.k\r.m\.k/ <\.k\.rm\.k\> adj. .

intransitive. a verb that does not take a
direct verb.
Axa&= /\k.a~.\/ <\.ka~.s\> masc. a

degree of latitude.
AksIr /\k.sir/ <\.k\.sii.r\> adj. .

effective.
A`&6 /\.k\.\/ <\.kh\~.\> adj.

1.unbroken. 2. ceaseless.
AkSmat /\.k\s.mat/ <\.k\.sma.t\> neut.

. accident
A`&&i6t /\.k\.it/ <\.kh\~.i.t\> adj. .

1.unbroken. 2. constant.
AkSmate /\.k\s.ma.te/ <\.k\.sma.te>

advb.. accidentally.
A`tro /\.k\t.ro/ <\.kh\.t\.ro> masc.

.1. an experiment. 2. a trial
AkXam8 /\k.a.m\/ <\.k\.a.m\.\>

fem.
1. perplexity. 2. acute worry.
A`bar /\k.bar/ <\.kh\.ba.r\> neut. . a

news paper
AkXavu& /\k.a.vu~/ <\.k\.a.vu~> v.intr. .

to get angry.
Ak\k6 /\k.k\./ </\.kk\.\> adj. 1. stiff.
2. unbending.
Ak\krmI /\k.k\r.mi/ <\.kk\.r\.mii> adj.
unfortunate.
Aà6o /\.ka.o/ <\.kha.do> masc. . a

gymnasium
Aàt /\.kat/ <\.kha.t\> masc. .1. a bay.
2. a gulf
Agi8t /\.g\.it/ adj. .<\.g\.i.t\> 1.
innumerable. 2. uncounable.
Ak\kl /\k.k\l/ <\.kk\.l\> fem. . sense.
Ag8otr /\.g\.o.t\r/ <\.g\.o.t\.t\>

adj. . sixty nine.
Axt /\k.\.t\/ <\.k\.t\> adj. .1. whole.

2. unbroken.
Ag*ya=I /\.g\.ja.i/ <\.g\.ja.ii> adj. .

seventy nine.
13
AgTy /\.g\t.j\/ <\.g\.tj\> neut.
important.
AgTyta /\.g\t.j\.ta/ <\.g\.tj\.ta> fem. .
importance.
Agm cetI /\.g\m.ce.ti/ <\.g\.m\.ce.tii>
fem.
1.forsight. 2. precaution.
Agm va8I /\.g\m.va.i/ <\.g\.va.ii>
fem.1. prophecy. 2. mysterious words.
AigyarI /\.gi.ja.ri/ <\.gi.ja.rii> fem. . a

small fire temple in which Parsis keep
their sacred fire.
Agocr /\.go.c\r/ <\.go.c\.r\> adj.
1.beyond senses. 2. imperceptible.
AiGn /\g.ni/ <\.gni> masc. .fire
AiGndah /\g.ni.dah/ <\.gni.da.h\> masc.
. cremation ceremony.
AgMy /\.g\m.j\/ <\.g\.mj\> adj. .1.

mysterious. 2. inaccessible.
AiGns&Skar /\g.ni.sam.ska.r\/
<\.gni.s\~.ska.r\> masc. . cremation
ceremony.
Agrb]aI /\.g\r.b\t.ti/ <\.g\.r\.b\.ttii>

fem. . incense stick.
A3i4t /\.g\.it/ adj. improper.
Agv6 /\g.v\/ <\.g\.v\.\> fem.

inconvenience.
A3ru& /\.g\.ru~/ <\.gh\.ru~> adj.

difficult.
Agaw /\.ga.u~/ <\.ga.u> prep.. before.
Ac&bo /\.c\m.bo/ <\.c\~.bo> masc. .1. a

surprise, 2. an astonishment
AgawnI /\.ga.u~.ni/ <\.ga.u.nii> adj. .

previous (in terms of time).
Acank /\.ca.n\k/ <\.ca.n\.k\> advb. .

1.suddenly, 2. accidentally
Agaw9I /\.ga.u.ti/ <\.ga.u.thii> advb.

.in advance.
AcUk /\.cuk/ <\.cuu.k\> advb.

.1.without a mistake, 2. sure
AgasI /\.ga.si/ <\.ga.sii> fem. . terrace.
A2t /\.c\t/ <\.ch\.t\> fem. .1.scarcity,

2. shortage
Aigyar /\.gi.jar/ <\.gi.ja.r\> adj.

.eleven.
Aigyarmu& /\.gi.jar.mu~/ <\.gi.ja.r\.mu~>
neut. the eleventh day after death.
Aigyars /\.gi.ja.r\s/ <\.gi.ja.r\.s\> fem.
the eleventh day of a fortnight of a
Hindu lunar month.
A2tu& /\.c\.tu~/ <\.ch\.tu~> advb.

.1.secret, 2. hidden
A2bDa /\.c\b.a/ <\.ch\.b\.a> masc. .
chicken-pox (honorific).
A2Ut /\.cut/ <\.chu.t\> adj. .
untouchable
14
A2o6o /\.co.o/ <\.cho.o> masc. a
chain of gold or silver
A}aan /\g.na.n\/ <\.gna.n\> neut. .

ignorance
Ajgr /\.g\r/ <\.\.g\.r\> masc. . a

python
A}aanI /\g.na.ni/ <\.gna.nii> adj.

.ignorant
Ajb /\.\b/ <\.\.b\> adj. .1. strange, 2.

surprising
A4k /\.\k/ <\.\.k\> fem. .1. surname,

2. a family name. 3. last name.
Ajmavvu& /\.mav.vu~/ <\.\.ma.v\.vu~>

v.tr. 1. to try, 2. to test.
A4kvu& /\.\k.vu~/ <\.\.k\.vu~> v.intr. . to

stop.
Ajmo /\.mo/ <\.\.mo> masc. . parsley

AjvaXvu& /\.va.vu~/ <\.\.va.\.vu~> v.tr.
.to cleanse.
A4kX /\.k\/ <\.\.k\.\> fem. . an

inference
AjvaXIyu& /\.va.i.u~/ <\.\.va.ii.ju~>

neut. 1. the bright half of a lunar month,
2. Small holes in the roof foe admitting
sun-light.
AjvaXu& /\.va.u~/ <\.\.va.u~> neut.
.light
Aj&po /\.\.mpo/ <\.\~.po> masc. .
restlessness
Aja8 /\.a/ <\.a.\> adj. . ignorant
Aja*yu& /\.a.yu~/ <\.a.ju~>
adj.1.unknown, 2. stranger
AjaybI /\.a.j\.bi/ <\.a.j\.bii> fem. .1. a
wonder, 2. a surprise
A@8R /\.ir.\/ <\.ii.r\> neut.
indigestion
Ajey /\.ej/ <\.e.j\> adj. .
unconquerable
Ajo6 /\.o./ <\.o.\> adj. . unique
A4p4u& /\.p\.u~/ adj. <\.\.p\.u~>

1.intricate, 2. complex
A4vavu& /\.va.vu~/ <\.\.va.vu~> v.intr. . to
wander.
A5vai6k /\.va.ik/ <\.h\.va.i.k\>
adj. . weekly
A5vai6yu& /\.va.i.ju~/ <\.h\.va.i.ju~>
neut. a week
A5&g /\.\.g\/ <\.h\~.g\> adj. . out and
out.
A5\5a; /\.a.i/ <\.hha.i> fem. . a
religious vows of the Jains. A person
who takes this vow fasts for the period
of eight days.
A5\5a8u& /\.a.u~/ <\.hha.u~> adj. .
ninety eight.
A5\5avn /\.a.v\n/ <\.hha.v\.n\>
adj. fifty eight.
A5\yotr /\.jo.t\r/ <\.hjo.t\.r\> adj. .
seventy eight.
15
A5\yasI /\.ja.si/ <\.hja.sii> adj. . eighty
eight.
A7I /\.i/ <\.hii> adj. . two and a

half.
A6kvu& /\.\k.vu~/ <\.\.k\.vu~> v.tr. .to

touch.
A8gmo /\.g\.mo/ <\.\.g\.mo> masc.

. dislike.
A6è p6è /\.ke p\.ke/

<\.\.khe p\.\.khe> adv..1. beside,
2. adjacent to, 3. side by side.
A836 /\.g\/ <\.\.gh\.\> adj. .

unskilled
A6g /\.\g/ <\.\.g\> adj. .1.

immovable, 2. unperturbed.
A6c8 /\.c\/ <\.\.c\.\> fem. .
obstacle
A80ayuR& /\.da.rju~/ <\.\.dha.rju~> adj.

& advb. unexpected.
A8manItu& /\.ma.ni.tu~/ <\.\.ma.nii.tu~>
adj. .unfavorable.
A6talIs /\.ta.lis/ <\.\.ta.lii.s\> adj.

forty eight.
A8vr /\.v\r/ <\.\.v\.r\> masc. a

relative of the bridgroom who assists
him during marriage ritual.
A6d /\.\d/ <\.\.d\> masc. a kind of

pulse
Ai8 /\.i/ <\.i> fem. sharp point of

anything.
A60u& /\.du~/ <\.\.dhu~> adj. half.
Aiti9 /\.ti.ti/ <\.ti.thi> masc. . a guest

who comes without prior information.
A6plu& /\.\p.lu~/ <\.\.p\.lu~> neut. .1.a

mischief, 2. a prank
A6vu& /\.vu~/ <\.\.vu~> v.tr. . to touch.
A6s5 /\.s\/ <\.\.s\.h\> adj. .sixty
eight.
A6oA6 /\o.\/ <\.o.\.\> postp.
.very closely.
A6\6o /\.o/ <\.o> masc. .a meeting
place of unsocial element.
A7Xk /\.\.\k/ <\.\.\.k\> adj. .
plentiful.
Aitrek /\.ti.rek/ <\.ti.re.k\> masc. . an

excess
AtIt /\.tit/ <\.tii.t\> masc. . past.
Atu4 /\.tu/ <\.tu.\> adj. . unbreakable.
A]ar /\.\r/ <\.tt\.r\> neut. .perfume
ATy&t /\t.j\n.t\/ <\.tj\~.t\> adj. .
excessive
ATyacar /\t.ja.car/ <\.tja.ca.r\> masc. .
tyranny
ATyare /\t.ja.re/ <\.tja.re> adv.. just now
A7ar /\.ar/ <\.ha.r\> adj. . eighteen.

A{a /\t.r\/ <\.tr\> advb.. at this place
16
A96avu& /\t.a.vu~/ <\.th.a.vu~> v.intr.

.1. to collide, 2. to hit against.
A9a8u& /\.ta.u~/ <\.tha.u~> neut. .
pickle
A0Iru& /\.di.ru~/ <\.dhii.ru~> adj. .

impatient.
A0ur&u /\.du.ru~/ <\.dhu.ru~> adj. .
incomplete.
Ada /\.da/ <\.da> fem. . action.
A)0r /\d.d\r/ <\.dhdh\.r\> advb..1.

unsupported, 2. hanging in mid air.
Adalt /\.da.l\t/ <\.da.l\.t\> fem. . a

judicial court.
An9R /\.n\r.t\/ <\.n\.rth\> masc. . a

misinterpretation.
Adavt /\.da.v\t/ <\.da.v\.t\> fem. .

enmity.
An&t /\.n\n.t\/ <\.n\~.t\> adj. .1.endless,

2. infinite.
A+y /\.dr\.j\/ <\.dr\.j\> adj. .

invisible.
Anaj /\.na/ <\.na.\> neut. .grain.

Ana9 /\.nat/ <\.na.th\> adj. . orphan.
Adeà; /\.de.kai/ <\.de.kha.i> fem. .

jealously
Adeù& /\.de.ku~/ <\.de.khu~> adj. .
jealous
Ad\-Ut /\d.but/ <\.d\.bhu.t\> adj. .
wonderful
A0kcru& /\d.k\c.ru~/ <\.dh\.k\.c\.ru~>
adj. partly baked or cooked.
A0m /\.d\m/ <\.dh\.m\> adj. mean.
A0mUw& /\d.mu.u~/ <\.dh\.mu.u> adj. .
half-dead.
A0mR /\.d\r.m\/ <\.dh\.rm\> masc. .1.
the reverse of religion, 2. immoral.
A0vc /\d.v\c/ <\.dh\.v\.c\> advb..1.
in the middle, 2. midway.
Ai0kar /\.di.kar/ <\.dhi.ka.r\> masc. .
a right.
Ana9a[am /\.na.ta.r\.m\/
<\.na.tha.r\.m\> masc. . an
orphanage.
Anadr /\.na.d\r/ <\.na.d\.r\> masc. .
an insult.
Anamt /\.na.m\t/ <\.na.m\.t\> fem. .
deposit.
AnamI /\.na.mi/ <\.na.mii> adj. .
nameless.
Ainyimt /\.nij.mit/ <\.ni.j\.mi.t\> adj.
irregular.
Ainit /\.ni.cit/ <\.ni.ci.t\> adj. .
uncertain.
AnIit /\.ni.ti/ <\.nii.ti> fem.
immorality.
Anukr8 /\.nu.k\.r\/ <\.nu.k\.r\.\>
neut.
immitation.
17
AnukUX /\.nu.ku/ <\.nu.kuu.\> adj. .
suitable.
Apvad /\p.vad/ <\.p\.va.d\> masc. . an

exception.
Anuk/m /\.nu.kr\m/ <\.nu.kr\.m\>

masc. .1. order, 2. sequence.
Apiv{a /\.p\.vit.r\/ <\.p\.vi.tr\> adj.

unholy.
Anu-v /\.nu.b\v/ <\.nu.bh\.v\> masc.

experience.
Ap=Bd /\p.\b.d\/ <\.p\.\.bd\> masc.

an abuse.
Anu-vI /\.nu.b\.vi/ <\.nu.bh\.vii> adj.

experienced.
Ap=ukn /\p.u.k\n/ <\.p\.u.k\.n\>

masc. . ill-omen.
Anuman /\.nu.man/ <\.nu.ma.n\> neut. .

an inference.
Ap&g /\.p\.g\/ adj. . <\.p\~.g\> 1. lame,

2. crippled.
Anuvad /\.nu.vad/ <\.nu.va.d\> masc.

translation.
Apasro /\.pa.s\.ro/ <\.pa.s\.ro> masc. .

a Jain monestry.
Anusrvu& /\.nu.s\r.vu~/ <\.nu.s\.r\.vu~>

v.intr to follow.
ApUj /\.pu/ <\.puu.\> adj. . not

worshipped.
AnuSnatk /\.nus.na.t\k/ <\.nu.sna.t\.k\>

adj. post-graduate.
Apexa /\.pek.a/ <\.pe.ka> fem. .

expectation.
AnuSvar /\.nus.var/ <\.nu.sva.r\> neut.

a sign written on the top of a letter that
indicates a nasal sound or nasalization
of a vowel.
Ap/g4 /\.pr\.g\/ <\.pr\.g\.\> adj. .

unpublished.
Ane /\.ne/ <\.ne> conj.. and.
Aip/y /\p.ri.j\/ <\.pri.j\> adj. .

disguisting.
Anek /\.nek/ <\.ne.k\> adj. . many.
Afva /\p.va/ <\.ph\.va> fem. . a

rumors.
ANyay /\n.jaj/ <\.nja.j\> masc. .

injustice.
Afsos /\p.sos/ <\.ph\.so.s\> masc. .1.

repentance, 2. alas.
Apco /\.p\.co/ <\.p\.co> masc. .

indigestion.
Abj /\.b\/ <\.b\.\> adj. . one

thousand millions.
Apj= /\p.\/ <\.p\.\.\> masc.

.disgrace.
Abjopit /\.b\.o.p\.ti/ <\.b\.o.p\.tii>

adj. a millionaire
Apman /\p.man/ <\.p\.ma.n\> neut. .

an insult
A-8 /\.b\/ <\.bh\.\> adj. .

illiterate.
18
A-av /\.bav/ <\.bha.v\> masc. .

dislike.
Ai-n&dn /\.bi.n\n.d\n/
<\.bhi.n\~.d\.n\> masc. congratulation.
(Honorific)
Ai-neta /\.bi.ne.ta/ <\.bhi.ne.ta> masc.
. a male actor.
Ai-p/a.y /\.bi.pra.j\/ <\.bhi.pra.j\>
masc. . an opinion.
ArIso /\.ri.so/ <\.rii.so> masc. .a

mirror.
Are /\.re/ <\.re> inter.. an exclamation
expressing surprise, òh.
A9R /\r.t\/ <\.rth\> masc. 1. meaning,
2. wealth.
Alg /\.l\g/ <\.l\.g\> adj. . separate.
AlI /\.li/ <\.lii> fem. . a female friend
for a female.
Alop /\.lop/ <\.lo.p\> adj. . invisible.
Ai-man /\.bi.man/ <\.bhi.ma.n\> neut.

. arrogance.
AlOkIk /\.l\u.kik/ <\.l\u.kii.k\> adj. .

devine.
Ai-manI /\.bi.ma.ni/ <\.bhi.ma.nii>

adj. . arrogant.
Avd=a /\v.d\.a/ <\.v\.d\.a> fem. .

misfortune.
A_yas /\b.ja.s\/ <\.bhja.s\> masc. .1.

study, 2. practice.
Avnvu& /\v.n\.vu~/ <\.v\.n\.vu~> adj. .

new.
Amr /\.m\r/ <\.m\.r\> adj. immortal.
Avyv /\.v\.j\v/ <\.v\.j\.v\> masc. .a

limb.
Amaru& /\.ma.ru~/ <\.ma.ru~> pron.. our

(exclusive).
Amas /\.mas/ <\.ma.s\> fem. . the last
day of the dark half of a lunar month.
Amuk /\.muk/ <\.mu.k\> adj. . some.
Avro0 /\v.rod/ <\.v\.ro.dh\> masc. .a

hurdle.
Avlokn /\v.lo.k\n/ <\.v\.lo.k\.n\>
neut. . observation.
Av+y /\v.j\/ <\.v\.j\> advb. . surely.
AmULy /\.mul.j\/ <\.muu.lj\> adj.

.priceless.
Ame /\.me/ <\.me> pron.. we
(exclusive).
AyoGy /\.jog.j\/ <\.jo.gj\> adj. .
improper.
Avsr /\v.s\r/ <\.v\.s\.r\> masc. an

occasion.
Avsan /\v.san/ <\.v\.sa.n\> neut.
death.
AvXa; /\v.ai/ <\.v\.a.i> fem. improper
behavior.
19
AvXu& /\v.u~/ <\.v\.u~> adj. up side
down.
Avaj /\.va/ <\.va.\> masc. .1.voice, 2.
sound.
Avarnvar /\.var.n\.var/
<\.va.r\.n\.va.r\> advb. .frequently.
AvaXu& /\.va.u~/ <\.va.u~> neut. . the
gums of teeth.
Aivny /\.vi.n\j/ <\.vi.n\.j\> masc.
.immodesty.
A=kt /\.\k.t\/ <\.\.kt\> adj. . weak.
As&~y /\.s\.kj\/ <\.s\~.khj\> adj.

innumerable.
As&toq /\.s\n.to/ <\.s\~.to.s\> masc. .
dissatisfaction.
As&-v /\.s\m.b\v/ <\.s\~.bh\.v\> adj.
.impossible.
As&mt /\.s\m.m\t/ <\.s\~.m\.t\> adj.
.disagreeing.
As&SkarI /\.sams.ka.ri/ <\.s\~.ska.rii>
adj. . uncivilized.
A=a&t /\.a~n.t\/ <\.a~.t\> adj. . troubled.
Asa)y /\.sa.dj\/ <\.sa.dhj\> adj. .

incurable.
A=u)0 /\.ud.d\/ <\.u.dhdh\> adj. .

impure.
Asur /\.sur/ <\.suu.r\> masc. . demon.
A=u- /\.ub/ <\.u.bh\> adj.

inauspicious.
AiS9r /\.sti.r\/ <\.sthi.r\> adj. .

unstable.
Aqa6 /\.a/ <\.sa.\> masc. ninth

month of the Vikram era.
ASpQ4 /\.sp\.\/ <\.sp\.s\> adj. .

vague.
AsTy /\.s\t.j\/ <\.s\.tj\> neut. .1. false,

2. untrue.
ASvC2 /\.sv\c.c\/ <\.sv\.cch\> adj. .

impure.
Asr /\.s\r/ <\.s\.r\> fem. .effect.
ASvS9 /\.sv\s.t\/ <\.sv\.sth\> adj.

1.restless 2. sick.
Asl /\.s\l/ <\.s\.l\> adj. .original.

Ashkar /\.s\h.kar/ <\.s\.h\.ka.r\>
masc. .
non-co-operation.
Ashay /\.s\.haj/ <\.s\.ha.j\> adj. .
helpless.
As /\.s\h.j\/ <\.s\.hj\> adj. .
unbearable.
ASva-aivk /\.sva.ba.vi.k\/
<\.sva.bha.vi.k\> adj. . unnatural.
ASvIkar /\.svi.kar/ <\.svii.ka.r\> masc.
1.rejection 2. denial.
Aih&sk /\.him.s\k/ <\.hi~.s\.k\> adj. .
non-violent.
20
Aihsa /\.him.sa/ <\.hi~.sa> fem. . nonvilence.
A&tr /\n.t\r/ <\~.nt\.r\> neut. .1.the

heart 2. the mind. [an abstract notion that
refers to ones conscience.]
AhI& /\.hi~/ <\.hi~> advb. . here.

A&itm /\n.tim/ <\~.ti.m\> adj. . last.
AhI&ya& /\.hi~.ja~/ <\.hi~.ja~> advb. .same as
AhI&.
Ahoho /\.ho.ho/ <\.ho.ho> excl.. an
exclamation expressing surprise.
AXàm8u& /\.kam.u~/ <\.\.kha.m\.u~>
adj. .1. unfavorable 2. disagreeable.
AXgu& /\.gu~/ <\.\.gu~> adj. .1.detached
2. uncommon.
A&kur /\.ku.r\/ <\~.ku.r\> masc. .1. a
sprout 2. an offshoot.
A&g /\.g\/ <\~.g\> neut. . the body.
A&grxk /\.g\.r\k.\.k\/
<\~.g\.r\.k\.k\> masc. .a body-guard.
A&gU5I /\.gu.i/ <\~.guu.hii> fem. . a
finger ring.
A&gU5o /\.gu.o/ <\~.gu.ho> masc. .a
thumb.
A&g/ej /\.g\.re/ <\~.gre.\> masc. . an
Englishman.
A&te /\n.te/ <\~.te> advb. .1. finally 2. at

last.
A&dr /\n.d\r/ <\~.d\.r\> postp. .1. in 2.
within 3. inside 4. into.
A&daj /\n.da/ <\~.da.\> masc. . an
estimate.
A&0a0U&0I /\n.da.du~n.di/
<\~.dha.dhuu~.dhii> fem. . chaos.
A&0apo /\n.da.po/ <\~.dha.po> masc. .
blindness.
A&0arIyu& /\n.da.ri.ju~/ <\~.dha.rii.ju~> neut.
. the dark half of a lunar month.
A&0aru& /\n.da.ru~/ <\~.dha.ri.ju~> neut. .
darkness.
A&bo6o /\m.bo.o/ <\~.bo.o> masc. . a
knot of plaited hair of a woman.
A&= /\m/ <\~.\> masc. .a part, a section
Aa
A&g/e@ /\.g\.re.i/ <\~.gre.ii> fem.

.English.
Aa /a/ <a> proun.. this.
A&t /\n.t\/ <\~.t\> masc. . an end.
Aakar /a.kar/ <a.ka.r\> masc. .1. shape

2. form.
A&tr /\n.t\r/ <\~.t\.r\> neut. . distance.
Aaka= /a.ka/ <a.ka.\> neut. . sky.

Aaka&xa /a.ka~.ka/ <a.ka~.ka> fem. .
desire.
21
Aak<it /ak.ru.ti/ <a.kru.ti> fem. . a

diagram.
Aacrkucr /a.c\r ku.c\r/ neut.

.miscellaneous food or household
articles.
Aak/m8 /ak.r\.m\/ <a.kr\.m\.\> neut.

. an attack.
Aacar /a.c\r/ <a.ca.r\> masc. .behavior.
Aaxep /ak.ep/ <a.ke.p\> masc.

.accusation.
AacayR /a.car.j\/ <a.ca.rj\> masc. 1. a

principal 2. a spritual leader. (Honorific)
Aa`re /a.k\.re/ <a.kh\.re> advb.

.finally.
Aa2u& /a.cu~/ <a.chu~> adj. dim.

Aaj /a/ <a.\> fem. today.
Aa`lo /ak.lo/ <a.kh\.lo> masc. . a bull.

Aag /ag/ <a.g\> fem. . fire.
Aa@@ /a.i.i/ <a.ii.ii> fem. an humble

request.
Aagbo4 /ag.bo/ <a.g\.bo.\> fem. a

steamer.
Aa@vn /a.i.v\n/ <a.ii.v\.n\> adj. .

lifelong.
Aagm /a.g\m/ <a.g\.m\> masc.

religious texts of the Jains.
Aaju baju /a.u ba.u/ <a.u.ba.u> adv.

around.
Aaglu& /ag.lu~/ <a.g\.lu~> adj. . previous.
Aa4lu& /a.lu~/ <a.\.lu~> adj. .this much.
AagX /a.g\/ <a.g\.\> advb. .1. in front

of 2. in future.
Aa4o /a.o/ <a.o> masc. . flour.

Aa5 /a/ <a.h\> adj. . eight.
AagamI /a.ga.mi/ <a.ga.mii> advb.

1.ensuing 2. forthcoming.
AagahI /a.ga.hi/ <a.gaa.hii> fem. .a
prediction.
Aaigyo /a.gi.jo/ <a.gi.jo> masc. . 1. a fire
fly, 2. a glowworm, 3. a lightning bug.
Aag/h /ag.r\.h\/ <a.gr\.h\> masc. .a
strong request.
Aa5m /a.\m/ <a.h\.m\> fem. . the

eighth day of bright or dark half of the
Hindu month.
Aa68I /a.i/ <a.\.ii> fem. . a wooden
round stood to shape rotali or puri .
Aa6{aIs /a.\t.ris/ <a.\.trii.s\> adj. .
thirty eight.
Aa6u& /a.u~/ <a.u~> adj. . crosswise.
Aa3at /a.gat/ <a.gha.t\> masc. a shock.

Aa3u& /a.gu~/ <a.ghu~> advb. . distant.
Aa6o=pa6o= /a.o.pa.o/
<a.o.\.pa.o.\> masc. neighbours.
22
Aa8vu& /a.vu~/ <a.\.vu~> v.tr. .1. to fetch

2. to bring.
Aa8u& /a.u~/ <a.u~> neut. .
AaTma /at.ma/ <a.tma> masc. . soul.
Aan&d /a.n\n.d\/ <a.n\~.d\> masc. .1.

pleasure 2. joy.
AanakanI /a.na.ka.ni/ <a.na.ka.ni> fem.
1.hesitation 2. indecision.
Aap8e /ap.e/ <a.p\.e> pron.. we
(inclusive).
Aa9m8u& /a.t\m.u~/ <a.th\.m\.u~> adj. .

western.
Aapi]a /a.p\t.ti/ <a.p\.e> fem. . trouble.
Aa9mvu& /a.t\m.vu~/ <a.th\.m\.vu~> v.intr

.to set.
AapmeXe /ap.me.e/ <a.p\.me.e> advb. .

atomatically.
Aadr /a.d\r/ <a.d\.r\> masc. .respect.
Aaple /ap.le/ <a.p\.le> fem. . give and

take.
Aad=R /a.d\r.\/ <a.d\.r\> adj. . ideal.

Aada=I=I /a.da.i.i/ <a.da.ii.ii> fem. .
migraine.
AapvItI /ap.vi.ti/ <a.p\.vii.tii> fem. .1.

autobiography 2. good and bad events of
life.
Aaid /a.di/ <a.di> adj. first.
Aapvu& /ap.vu~/ <a.p\.vu~> v.tr. . to give.
Aaid /a.di/ <a.di> advb. . etc.
AapoAap /a.po.ap/ <a.po.a.p\> advb. .

automatically.
AaidvasI /a.di.va.si/ <a.di.va.sii> masc.

.1. aboriginal, 2. tribal.
Aadu& /a.du~/ <a.du~> neut. .green ginger.
Aafro /ap.ro/ <a.ph\.ro> masc. . gas

due to indigestion.
Aade= /a.de/ <a.de.\> masc. . an order.
AafUs /a.pu:s/ <a.phuu.s\> fem. . a

kind of mango.
Aa0ar /a.dar/ <a.dha.r\> masc. .1. a

support 2. an evidence.
Aab /ab.ru/ <a.b\.ruu> fem.

.reputation.
Aa0uink /a.du.nik/ <a.dhu.ni.k\> adj. .

modern.
AabehUb /a.be.hub/ <a.be.hu.b\> adj. .

exact.
Aa0e6 /a.de/ <a.dhe.\> adj. . elderly.
Aabohva /a.bo.h\.va/ <a.bo.h\.va> fem. .

climate.
Aa)yaiTmk /a.djat.mik/ <a.dhja.tmi.k\>

adj. spiritual.
Aa- /ab/ <a.bh\> neut. . sky.
23
Aa-ar /a.bar/ <a.bha.r\> masc. .
thanks.
Aa-as /a.bas/ <a.bha.s\> masc.
.illusion.
Aa-Uq8 /a.bu.\/ <a.bhu.s\.\> neut. .
ornaments.
Aam /am/ <a.m\> advb. .in this manner.
Aamjnta /am.\n.ta/ <a.m\.\.n\.ta>
adj. .1. the common people, 2. laymen.
Aam&{a8 pi{aka /a.m\n.tr\ p\.tri.ka/

<a.m\.ntr\.\ p\.tri.ka> fem. .an
invitation letter.
Aayno /aj.no/ <a.j\.no> masc. . a mirror.
Aaya. /a.ja/ <a.ja> fem. . a maid servent.
Aayat /a.jat/ fem. . import.
Aayojn /a.jo.\n/ <a.ja.t\> neut. .
management.
Aam8e /am.e/ <a.m\.e> pron.. these

persons.
AartI /ar.ti/ <a.r\.tii> fem. .1. a sacred

lamp 2. a religious prayer sung with a
sacred lamp.
Aamtem /am.tem/ <a.m\.te.m\> advb.

.here and there.
Aarpar /ar.par/ <a.r\.pa.r\> advb. .

through one end to another.
Aam9I /am.ti/ <a.m\.thii> advb. .from

this side.
Aar&- /a.r\m.b\/ <a.r\~.bh\> masc. .

beginning.
Aaram /a.ram/ <a.ra.m\> masc. . rest.
AamdanI /am.da.ni/ <a.m\.da.nii> fem.

.income.
AamNya /amn.ja/ <a.m\.nja> fem. .
respect for the elders.
Aamr8 /a.m\.r\/ <a.m\.r\.\> advb. .
till the end of life.
AamlI /am.li/ <a.m\.lii> fem. .the
tamrid tree.
AamXvu& /a.m\.vu~/ <a.m\.\.vu~> v.tr. . to
twist together.
Aam&{a8 /a.m\n.tr\/ <a.m\.ntr\.\>
neut. an invitation.
AaroGy /a.rog.j\/ <a.ro.gj\> neut. .

health.
Aarop /a.rop/ <a.ro.p\> masc. .
accusation.
Aalvu& /al.vu~/ <a.l\.vu~> v.tr. .to give.
Aavk /a.v\k/ <a.v\.k\> fem. income.
Aavkar /av.kar/ <a.v\.ka.r\> masc. .
welcome.
Aav6t /av.\t/ <a.v\.\.t\> fem. . a
skill.
Aav6vu& /a.v\.vu~/ <a.v\.\.vu~> v.exp..
to
know.
24
Aav6u& /av.u~/ <a.v\.u~> adj. . of this

size.
Aasn /a.s\n/ <a.s\.n\> neut. . a seat

(formal).
Aavrda /a.v\r.da/ <a.v\.r\.da> fem.

.life-span.
Aas pas /as.pas/ <a.s\.pa.s\> advb.

around.
Aavvu& /av.vu~/ <a.v\.vu~> v.intr. to come.
Aasman /as.man/ <a.s\.ma.n\> neut. .

the sky.
Aavu& /a.vu~/ <a.vu~> advb. .of this kind.

AaiStk /as.ti.k\/ <a.sti.k\> adj. . theistic.
Aaveg /a.veg/ <a.ve.g\> masc. . an
excitement.
Aave= /a.ve/ <a.ve.\> masc. . an
emotional excitement.
Aa=y /a.\j/ <a.\.j\> masc. . an
intention.
Aa=re /a.re/ <a.\.re> advb. .1. about 2.
approximately 3. roughly.
Aaso /a.so/ <a.so> masc. . the last month

of Hindu calander.
AaS9a /as.ta/ <a.stha> fem. .1. faith 2.
devotion.
AaSvad /as.va.d\/ <a.sva.d\> masc. .a
tasting.
Aahaha /a.ha.ha/ <a.ha.ha> inter.. an
exclamation signifying surprise.
Aa=ro /a.ro/ <a.\.ro> masc. .shelter.

Aa=a /a.a/ <a.a> fem. . hope.
Aahar /a.har/ <a.ha.r\> masc. . food

(formal).
Aa=a7 /a.a/ <a.a.h\> masc. . the

nine month of the Hindu calendar.
AahIr /a.hir/ <a.hii.r\> masc. . a

shepherd community.
Aai=q /a.i/ <a.i.s\> fem. . a blessing.
Aahuit /a.hu.ti/ <a.huu.ti> fem. .1. an

offering 2. a sacrifice.
Aai=vaRd /a.ir.vad/ <a.i.rva.d\> masc.

a blessing. (honorific)
AaXs /a.\s/ <a.\.s\> fem. .laziness.
AayR /a.c\r.j\/ <a.c\.rj\> neut. . a

surprise.
AaXo4vu& /a.o.vu~/ <a.o.\.vu~> v.intr. . to

wallow.
Aa[am /a.r\m/ <a.r\.m\> masc. .a

hermitage.
Aa&k /a~k/ <a~.k\> masc. . tables of

multiplications.
Aaasn /a.va.s\n/ <a.va.\.n\> masc.

. consolation.
Aa&k6a=aS{a /a~k.a.a.tr\/
<a~.k\.a.a.str\> neut. . statistics.
25
Aa&k6o /a~k.o/ <a~.k\.o> masc. .1. a

number 2. a number-sign.
Aa&kvu& /a~k.vu~/ <a~.k\.vu~> v.tr. . to
estimate a price.
Aa&` /a~k/ <a~.kh\> fem. . an eye.
Aa&g8u& /a~g.u~/ <a~.g\.u~> neut. . open
space in front of a house.
Aa&gXIyat /a~.g\.i.jat/ <a~.g\.i.ja.t\> adj. .
a child of the former husband of a
remarried woman.
Aa&ckvu& /a~.c\k.vu~/ <a~.c\.k\.vu~> v.tr. . to
snatch forcfully.
Aa&ckI /a~c.ki/ <a~.c\.kii> fem. .hiccup.
Aa&cko /a~c.ko/ <a~.c\.ko> masc. . a jerk.
Aa&jvu& /a~.vu~/ <a~.\.vu~> v.tr. . to anoint
eyes with collyrium.
Aa&tr6u& /a~.t\r.u~/ <a~.t\.r\.u~> neut. .
intestine.
Aa&trraiQ4^y /a~n.t\r. ra.ri.ja/
<a~.t\.r\.ra.sri.j\> adj. . international.
Aa&trvu& /a~.t\r.vu~/ <a~.t\.r\.vu~> v.tr. .to
block.
Aa&trIk /a~t.rik/ <a~.t\.rii.k\> adj. .
internal.
Aa&doln /a~n.do.l\n/ <a~.do.l\.n\> neut. .
agitation.
Aa&08 /a~.d\/ <a~.dh\.\> neut. . water
boild for cooking food.
Aa&bo /a~.bo/ <a~.bo> masc. . a mango tree.

Aa&su& u/a~.su~/ <a~.su~> neut. . a tear.
;
;C2vu& /ic.c\.vu~/ <i.cch\.vu~> v.tr. . to
wish.
;C2a /ic.ca/ <i.ccha> fem. .1. desire 2.
wish.
;jner /i.ner/ <i.\.ne.r\> masc. . an
engineer.
;jaro /i.a.ro/ <i.a.ro> masc.
.monopoly.
;jjt /i.\t/ <i.\.t\> fem. .1. reputation
2. a womans chasity.
;5\5oter /i.o.ter/ <i.hho.te.r\> adj. .
seventy eight.
;5\yasI /i.ja.si/ <i.hja.sii> adj. . eighty
eight.
;tr /i.t\r/ <i.t\.r\> adj. . another.
;ithas /i.ti.has/ <i.ti.ha.s\> masc.
.history.
;nam /i.nam/ <i.na.m\> neut. .1. a gift
2. a present 3. a prize.
;mam /i:.mam/ <i.ma.m\> masc. . the
chief prise of Muslims (honorific).
;mart /i:.ma.r\t/ <i.ma.r\.t\> fem. . a
big building.
26
;yX /i:.j\/ <i.j\.\> fem. . a kind of
worm.
;laj /i:.la/ <i.la.\> masc. .a cure.
wkr6o /u.k\r.o/ <u.k\.r\.o> masc. .a

dunghill.
;laycI /i:.la.j\.ci/ <i.la.j\.cii> fem.

.cardamom.
;+k /i:.k\/ <i.k\> masc. . love.
;iSptal /i:s.pi.tal/ <i.spi.ta.l\> fem. . a
hospital.
wkXvu& /u.k\.vu~/ <u.k\.\.vu~> v.intr. . to

boil.
wkXa4 /uk.a/ <u.k\.a.\> masc. .
uneasiness and perspiration caused by
heat.
;Slam /is.lam/ <i.sla.m\> masc. . Islam.
wkaXvu& /u.ka.vu~/ <u.ka.\.vu~> v.tr. .to

make something boiled.
;NIy /in.dri.j\/ <i.ndrii.j\> fem. . a

sense.
wkel /u.kel/ <u.ke.l\> masc. . a solution.
wkelvu& /u.kel.vu~/ <u.ke.l\.vu~> v.tr. .to

read (in the sense of deciphering).
:ja /i.a/ <ii.a> fem. .injury.
wkelvu& /u.kel.vu~/ <u.ke.l\.vu~> v.tr. .to

solve.
:6lI /i.li/ <ii.\.lii> fem. . a South

Indian food dish.
wkelvu& /u.kel.vu~/ <u.ke.l\.vu~> v.tr. . to

untwined.
:d /id/ <ii.d\> fem. . a festival of

Muslims.
wà8u& /u.ka.u~/ <u.kha.u~> neut. . a

riddle.
:d6u& /id.u~/ <ii.d\.u~> neut. . a food

item made out of fermented flour.
wgamvu& /u.gam.vu~/ <u.ga.m\.vu~> v.tr. .

to raise something to strike.
:=an /i.an/ <ii.a.n\> fem. .north-east.
w3ra8I /ug.ra.i/ <u.g\.ra.ii> fem. .

collection of money due from.
:r /i.v\r/ <ii.v\.r\> masc. .god.

:sa: /i.sa.i/ <ii.sa.ii> masc. a
Christian.
:&4 /i/ <ii~.\> fem. .a brick.
:&6u& /i~.du~/ <ii~.u~> neut. . an egg.
w3ravvu& /ug.rav.vu~/ <u.gh\.ra.v\.vu~>

v.tr. .to collect money by contribution.
wca4 /u.ca/ <u.ca.\> masc. .
restlessness.
wcapt /u.ca.p\t/ <u.ca.p\.t\> fem. .
misappropriation.
27
wCcar /uc.car/ <u.cca.r\> masc. .
pronunciation.
w6avvu& /u.av.vu~/ <u.a.v\.a.v\.vu~>

v.tr. . to use up.
wCcarvu& /u.ccar.vu~/ <u.cca.r\.vu~> v.tr. .

to pronounce.
wtarvu& /u.tar.vu~/ <u.ta.r\.vu~> v.tr. . to

unload. See wtrvu&
wC2vas /uc.c\.vas/ <u.cch\.va.s\>

masc. . exhaling.
wtarvu& /u.tar.vu~/ <u.ta.r\.vu~> v.tr. .to

make a copy.
w2Xvu& /u.c\.vu~/ <u.ch\.\.vu~> v.intr.

1. to jump, 2. to be tossed.
wtaru& /u.ta.ru~/ <u.ta.ru~> masc. . a

passenger.
w2aXvu& /u.ca.vu~/ <u.cha.\.vu~> v.tr. .

to toss up.
wtaro /u.ta.ro/ <u.ta.ro> masc. .1. an

inn. 2. a lodging house.
w2ervu& /u.cer.vu~/ <u.che.r\.vu~> v.tr. . to

raise.
wtaro /u.ta.ro/ <u.ta.ro> masc. .1. a

copy. 2. a transcript.
wjagro /u.ag.ro/ <u.a.g\.ro> masc. .

abstinence from sleep.
wtavX /u.ta.v\/ <u.ta.v\.\> fem. .

haste.
wja8I /u.a.i/ <u.a.ii> fem. a picnic.
w]am /ut.t\m/ <u.tt\.m\> adj. . the best.
wjj6 /u.\/ <u.\.\> adj. barren

(land)
w]ar /ut.t\r/ <u.tt\.r\> masc. . an

answer.
w5m8u& /u.\m.u~/ <u.h\.m\.u~> neut.

a ritual performed after death.
w]ar /ut.t\r/ <u.tt\.r\> masc. the North.

w]aejk /ut.te.\k/ adj. . stimulating.
w5vu& /u.vu~/ <u.h\.vu~> v.intr. . to get

up.
w5a6vu& /u.a.vu~/ <u.ha.\.vu~> v.tr. .
to wake up.
w5a&trI /u.a~n.t\.ri/ <u.ha~.t\.rii> fem. .
a theft.
w6aw /u.a.u/ <u.a.u> adj. .
extravagant.
w6avvu& /u.av.vu~/ <u.a.v\.vu~> v.tr. . to
make something fly.
wTpi]a /ut.p\t.ti/ <u.tte.\.k\> fem. .

production.
wTpadk /ut.pa.d\k/ <u.tpa.d\.k\> masc.
1. a producer. 2. a manufacturer.
wTpadn /ut.pa.d\n/ <u.tpa.d\.n\> neut. .
an act of producing.
wTsv /ut.s\v/ <u.ts\.v\> masc. . a
festival.
28
wTsah /ut.sah/ <u.tsa.h\> masc. .1.
enthusiasm. 2. zeal.
wpcar /up.car/ <u.p\.ca.r\> masc. .1. a

remedy. 2. cure.
w9lavvu& /ut.lav.vu~/ <u.th\.la.v\.vu~>

v.tr. 1. to depose. 2. to over turn. See
w9lvu&
w pjvu& /u.p\.vu~/ <u.p\.\.vu~> v.intr.

.to grow
wdar /u.dar/ <u.da.r\> adj. . generous.
wpjavvu& /up.av.vu~/ <u.p\.a.v\.vu~>

v.tr. to reproduce.
wdas /u.das/ <u.da.s\> adj.

.1.unconcerned. 2. dejected.
wpde= /up.de/ <u.p\.de.\> masc. .

preaching.
wdahr8 /u.da.h\.r\/ <u.da.h\.r\.\>

neut. 1. an example. 2. an illustration.
wpngr /up.n\.g\r/ <u.p\.n\.g\.r\>

neut. . a suburb.
wd\3a4n /ud.ga.\n/ <u.d.gha.\.n\>

neut. . an inauguration.
wpnam /up.nam/ <u.p\.na.m\> neut. . a

nickname.
we= /ud.de.\/ <u.dde.\> masc. . an

intention.
wpyog /up.jog/ <u.p\.jo.g\> masc. . use.
w)0ar /ud.da.r\/ <u.dhdha.r\> masc. .

salvation.
wd\-v /ud.b\.v\/ <u.d.bh\.v\> masc.
.1. birth. 2. creation.
wd\yog /ud.jo.g\/ <u.djo.g\> masc. .1. a
vocation. 2. an industry.
w0rs /ud.r\s/ <u.dh\.r\.s\> fem. .
cough.
w0ar /u.dar/ <u.da.r\> adj. . given or
taken on credit.
wnaXu& /u.na.u~/ <u.na.u~> adj. .
pertaining to summer.
wnaXo /u.na.o/ <u.na.o> masc. .
summer.
wpr /u.p\r/ <u.p\.r\> postp. 1. above.

2. on. 3. over something.
wpra&t /up.ra~t/ <u.p\.ra~.t\> advb. .1.
additionally. 2. besides.
wprI /up.ri/ <u.p\.rii> masc. . a superior
officier.
wpvas /up.vas/ <u.p\.va.s\> masc. . a
fasting.
wps&har /up.sam.har/ <u.p\.s\~.ha.r\>
masc. a summary.
wpa6 /u.pa/ <u.pa.\> masc. .
withdrawal of money.
wpa6vu& /u.pa.vu~/ <u.pa.\.vu~> v.tr. . to
lift.
wpay /u.paj/ <u.pa.j\> masc. . a cure.
wpkar /up.kar/ <u.p\.ka.r\> masc. . an

obligation.
29
wmda /um.da/ adj. . <u.m\.da> 1. best.
2. excellent.
W`6vu& /u.k\.vu~/ <uu.kh\.\.vu~>

v.intr. . to be ripped off.
wmr /u.m\r/ <u.m\.r\> fem. . age.
Wà6vu& /u.ka.vu~/ <uu.ka.\.vu~> v.tr.

.1. to tear off, 2. to dismember.
wmXko /u.m\.ko/ <u.m\.\.ko> masc. .

an outburst of warm feeling.
wm&g /u.m\.g\/ <u.m\~.g\> masc. zeal.
wmervu& /u.mer.vu~/ <u.me.r\.vu~> v.tr. .to
add.
wmero /u.me.ro/ <u.me.ro> masc. . an
addition.
wl4avvu& /ul.av.vu~/ <u.l\.a.v\.vu~> v.tr. .
to turn up side down.
wlecvu& /u.lec.vu~/ <u.le.c\.vu~> v.tr. . to
raise up water.
wLle` /ul.lek/ <u.lle.kh\.vu~> masc. . a
mention.
w+kervu& /u.ker.vu~/ <u.ke.r\.vu~> v.tr. .
to instigate.
w&dr /un.d\r/ masc. .<u~.d\.r\> 1. a rat.
2. a mouse.
w&bro /um.b\.ro/ <u~.b\.ro> masc. the
threshold of a door.
W
WkXvu& /u.k\.vu~/ <uu.k\.\.vu~> v.intr. .
to boil.
WkaXvu& /u.ka.\.vu~/ <u.ka.\.vu~> v.tr.
.to boil.
Wgrvu& /u.g\r.vu~/ <uu.g\.r\.vu~> v.intr. .

to escape.
Wgvu& /ug.vu~/ <uu.g\.vu~> v.intr. . to
grow.
Wgvu& /ug.vu~/ <uu.g\.vu~> v.intr. . to
rise.
Wckvu& /u.c\k.vu~/ <uu.c\.k\.vu~> v.tr. .1.
to life. 2. to raise.
W2rvu& /u.c\r.vu~/ <uu.ch\.r\.vu~> v.intr.
. to be brought up.
Wjvvu& /u.\v.vu~/ <uu.\.v\.vu~> v.tra.
.to celebrate.
WjXu& /u.u~/ <uu.\.u~> adj. .1. bright. 2.
shining.
W5vu& /u.vu~/ <uu.h\.vu~> v.intr. . to
stand up.
W6vu& /u.vu~/ <uu.\.vu~> v.intr. . to fly.
W8p /u.\p/ <uu.\.p\> fem. .a
deficiency.
Wtrvu& /u.t\r.vu~/ <uu.t\.r\.vu~> v.intr. .
to climb down.
W9lvu& /u.t\l.vu~/ <uu.th\.l\.vu~> v.intr. .
to be up-side-down.
W9lo /u.t.lo/ <uu.th\.lo> masc. .1. an
upset. 2. an overturning.
30
W0; /u.d\.i/ <uu.dh\.ii> fem. . a white
ant.
Wn /un/ <uu.n\> neut. . wool.
Wpj /u.p\/ <uu.p\.\> fem. .1. a farm
product. 2. an income.
Wp6vu& /u.p\.vu~/ <uu.p\.\.vu~> v.intr.
.1. to be lifted. 2. to set out a journey.
W-aW- /u.ba.ub/ <uu.bha.uu.bh\>
advb.
hurriedly.
W-u& /u.bu~/ <uu.bhu~> adj. . standing
upright.
Wl4I /ul.ti/ <uu.l\.ii> fem. . vomiting.
Wl4u& /ul.u~/ <uu.l\.u~> adj. .1. opposite.
2. contrary.
WlXvu& /u.l\.vu~/ <uu.l\.\.vu~> v.intr. .
to be bumped.
Whapoh /u.ha.poh/ <uu.ha.po.h\> masc.
. uproar.
W&3 /u~.g\/ <uu~.gh\> fem. . sleep.
W&ckvu& /u~.c\k.vu~/ <uu.c\.k\.vu~> v.tr.
.to lift up.
W&0Iyu& /u~n.di.ju~/ <uu~.dhii.ju~> neut. . a

food made of vegetables, various types
of beans, roots and etc. Popular in South
Gujarat.
W&0u& /u~n.du~/ <uu.dhu~> adj. . bottom
upward.
ju /ru.u/ adj. . <ru.u> 1.soft. 2.

gentle.
8 /ru/ <ru.\> neut. . a debt.
tu /ru.tu/ <ru.tu> fem. . a season.
iq /ru.i/ <ru.si> masc. . a sage.
Ae
Ae /e/ <e> adj. .that.
Aek /ek/ <e.k\> adj. .one.1.
Aek4a8u& /ek.a.u~/ <e.k\.a.u~> neut. . a
kind of fasting in which a person eats
only once a day.
Aek6o /ek.o/ <e.k\.o> masc. . the sign
of number 1.
Aekta /ek.ta/ <e.k\.ta> fem. . unity.
W&ca; /u~.cai/ <uu~.ca.ii> fem. . height.

W&cu& /u~.cu~/ <uu~.cu~> adj. . high.
W&4 /u~/ <uu~.\> neut. . a camel..
W&6a; /un.a.i/ <uu~.a.ii> fem. . depth.
W&6u& /u~.u~/ <uu~.u~> adj. . deep.
AektaXIs /ek.ta.is/ <e.k\.ta.i.s\> adj. .

forty one.
Aek{aIs /e.k\.tris/ <e.k\.trii.s\> adj. .
thirty one.
Aekdm /ek.d\m/ <e.k\.d\.m\> advb. . at
once.
31
Aek0aru& /ek.da.ru~/ <e.k.dha.ru~> adj. .1.

constant. 2. incessant.
AekpxI /ek.p\.ki/ <e.k\.p\.kii> adj. .
one sided.
AekpiTn]v /ek.p\t.nit.v\/
<e.k\.p\.tni.ttv\> neut. monogamy.
Aekm /e.k\m/ <e.k\.m\> fem. . fist day
of bright or dark half of Hindu month.
Aekma{a /ek.mat.r\/ <e.k\.ma.tr\> adj. .
the only one of a type.
Aeks5 /ek.s\/ <e.k\.vi.s\> adj. . sixty

one.
Aeksrù& /ek.s\r.ku~/ <e.k\.s\.r\.khu~>
adj. . uniform.
Aek&dr /ekn.d\r/ <e.k\~.d\.r\> advb. .
totally.
AekaAek /e.ka.ek/ <e.ka.e.k\> advb. .
suddenly.
Aeka8u& /e.ka.u~/ <e.ka.u~> adj. . ninety
one.
Aekmek /ek.mek/ <e.k\.me.k\> advb. .

mutually.
Aekad=I /e.ka.d\.i/ <e.ka.d\.ii> fem. .

the eleventh day of dark or bright half of
a Hindu month.
Aekrag /ek.rag/ masc. . <e.k\.ra.g\> 1.

unity. 2. harmony.
Aeka=I /e.ka.i/ <e.ka.ii> adj. . eighty

one.
Aekp /ek.rup/ <e.k\.ruu.p\> adj. . of

similar form.
Aeka&kI /e.ka~.ki/ <e.ka~.kii> adj. . one act

play.
Aekl dokl /e.k\l do.k\l/

<e.k\.l\.do.k\.l\> adj. . lonely.
Aeka&t /e.ka~n.t\/ <e.ka~.t\> neut. . lonely.
Aeklpe4u& /e.k\l.pe.u~/ <e.k\.l\./pe.u~>

adj. . selfish.
Aeklvayu& /e.k\l.va.ju~/ <e.k\.l\.va.ju~> adj.
. lonely.
Aekvgu& /ek.v\.gu~/ <e.k\.v\.gu~> adj. . all
together.
Aekvcn /ek.v\.c\n/ <e.k\.v.c\.n\> neut.
. singular.
AekvIs /ek.vis/ <e.k\.vi.s\> adj. . twenty
one.
AekI sa9e /e.ki sa.te/ <e.kii.sa.the> advb.

. all at atime.
Aekek /ek.kek/ <e.ke.k\> advb. . one by
one.
Aekotr /e.ko.t\r/ <e.ko.t\.r\> adj. .
seventy one.
Aekya=I /e.kja.i/ <e.kja.i> adj. . eighty
one.
Ae4le /e.le/ <e.\.le> advb. . therefore.
Ae5u& /.u~/ <e.thu~> neut. . the left over
food.
32
Ae6I /e.i/ <e.ii> fem. . heel.
seventy nine.
AelcI /el.ci/ <e.l\.cii> fem. . cardamom.
Aog8Is /og.is/ <o.g\.i.s\> adj.

.nineteen.
AelcI /el.ci/ <e.l\.cii> masc. . an

ambassador. (honorific)
Aev6u& /ev.u~/ <e.v\.u~> advb. . of that
size.
Aevu& /e.vu~/ <e.vu~> advb. . of that
manner.
Aevama& /e.va.ma~/ <e.va.ma~> advb. . in
the mean time.
Ae= // <e.\> masc. .enjoyment.
.
AE
AEravt /\i.ra.v\t/ <\i.ra.v\.t\> masc. .
Indras elephant (with seven trunks).
AEyR /\i.v\.rj\/ <\i.v\.rj\> neut.
godliness.
Ao
Aog8calIs /o.g\.ca.lis/
<o.g\.\.ca.lii.s\> adj. . thirty nine.
Aog8{aIs /o.g\.tris/ <o.g\.\.tri.s\>
adj.
.twenty nine.
Aog8pcas /o.g\.p\.cas/
<o.g\.\.p.ca.s\> adj. .forty nine.
Aog8sa;5 /o.g\. sa.i/
<o.g\.\.sa.i.h\> adj. .fifty nine.
Aog*yaAe&=I./og.ja. ~i/ <o.g\.ja.e.ii>
adj.
AoXgvu& /.g\.vu~/ <o.g\.\.vu~> v.intr ..to

melt.
AoicNtu& /.cin.tu~/ <o.ci.ntu~> advb. .
suddenly.
AoC2v /oc.c\v/ <o.cch\.v\> masc. . a
festival.
Ao2abolu& /o.ca.bo.lu~/ <o.cha.bo.lu~> adj.
. reserved.
Ao2u& /o.cu~/ <o.chu~> adj. . less than
necessary.
Aojar /o.ar/ <o.a.r\> neut. . an
instrument.
Ao4 /o/ <o.\> masc. . an ebb.
Ao4lo /o.lo/ <o.\.lo> masc. . a raised
platform adjoining the outer wall of a
building.
Ao4vu& /o.vu~/ <o.\.vu~> v.tran.. to hem.
Ao7vu& /o.vu~/ <o.h\.vu~> v.tr. .1. to
wrap over the body. 2. to wear a sari.
Aor6o /or.o/ <o.r\.o> masc. . a room.
Aorvu& /or.vu~/ <o.r\.vu~> v.tr. . to sow
seeds.
AorI /o.ri/ <o.rii> fem. .1. small-pox 2.
measles.
Aolvvu& /o.l\v.vu~/ <o.l\.v\.vu~> v.tr. . to
extinguish.
33
AosrI /os.ri/ <o.s\.rii> fem. . the front
open part of a house.
kcrape4I /k\c.ra pe.i/ <k\.c\.ra.pe.ii>

fem. a dust bin.
Ao=Iku& /o.i.ku~/ <o.ii.ku~> neut. . a

pillow.
kcro /k\c.ro/ <k\.c\.ro> masc. .

garbage.
AoX` /o.\k/ <o.\.kh\> fem. . idenitity.
kcva4 /k\c.va/ <k\.c\.va.\> masc. .1.

grumbling. 2. dissatisfaction.
AoXvu& /o.vu~/ <o.\.vu~> v.tr. . to comb

(hair).
AoX&gvu& /o.\.g\.vu~/ <o.\~.g\.vu~> v.tr. .
to cross over.
AO
AOicTy /\u.ci.tj\/ <au.ci.tj\> adj. .
appropriateness.
AOdICy /\u.di.cj\/ <\u.dii.cj\> masc. . a
sub-caste of Brahmin
AOpcarRIk /\up.ca.rik/ <\u.p\.ca.rii.k\>
adj. . formal.
AOq0 /\u.\d/ <\u.s\.dh\> neut. a
medicine.
Aod\yoigk /\u.djo.gik/ <\u.djo.gi.k\>
adj. . industial.
kca= /k\.ca/ <k\.ca.\> fem.

1.unripenness. 2. imperfection. 3.
deficiency.
kcu&br /k\.cum.b\r/ <k\.cu~,b\.r\> neut.
raw vegetables cut into pieces.
kcorI /k\.co.ri/ <k\.co.rii> fem. . a type
of food.
kijyaòr /k\.i.ja.kor/ <k\.i.ja.kho.r\>
adj. quarrelsome.
kjo6u& /k\.o.u~/ <k\.o.u~> neut. . an
unfit match.
k4ko /k\.ko/ <k\.\.ko> masc. . a piece.
k4ok4I /k\.o.k\.i/ <k\.o.k\.ii> fem. . a
crisis.
k4oro /k\.o.ro/ <k\.o.ro> masc. . a
bowl.
k58 /k\.\/ <k\.h\.\> adj. . hard.
kk\ko /k\k.ko/ <k\.kko> masc. .

alphabet.
k5In /k\.in/ <k\.hii.n\> adj. .

difficult.
kckc /k\c. k\c/ <k\.c\.k\.c\> fem. .1. a

boring talk. 2. a quarrel.
ki5yaro /k\.i.ja.ro/ <k\.hi.ja.ro> masc.

.a woodcutter.
kc6vu& /k\.c\.vu~/ <k\.c\.\.vu~> v.tr. to

trample.
k5e6o /k\.e.o/ <k\.he.o> masc. . a

railing.
34
k5or /k\.or/ <k\.ho.r\> adj. . harsh.
kdpu& /k\d.ru.pu~/ <k\.d\.ruu.pu~> adj. .

ugly.
k5oX /k\.o/ <k\.ho.\> neut. . pulses.

k6ko /k\.ko/ <k\.\.ko> masc. .1.a
piece
2. penniless.
k6vu& /k\.vu~/ <k\.\.vu~> adj. . bitter in
taste.
kdavr /k\.da.v\r/ <k\.da.v\.r\> adj.

.huge.
kn6gt /k\.n\.g\t/ <k\.n\.\.g\.t\>
fem. . harassment.
kNya /k\n.ja/ <k\.nja> fem. .1. an
unmarried girl. 2. Virgo.
k6akU4 /k\.a.ku/ <k\.a.kuu.\> fem. .

unnecessary botheration.
kp4 /k\.p\/ <k\.p\.\> neut. . deceit.
k6Iyo /k\.i.jo/ <k\.ii.jo> masc. .1. a

mason 2. a brick-layer
kp6a&l]aa& /k\p.a~.l\t.ta~/ <k\.p\.a~.l\.tta~>

neut. pl.. clothes.
k6I /k\.i/ <k\.ii> fem. .1. a hook 2. an

earring.
kp6u& /k\p.u~/ <k\.p\.u~> neut. . cloth.

kpru& /k\p.ru~/ <k\.p\.ru~> adj. . tough.
k6u& /k\.u~/ <k\.u~> neut. . an armlet.

k7&gu& /k\.\.gu/ <k\.h\~.gu~> adj. .1.
clumsy 2. awkward in shape.
k7I /k\.i/ <k\.hii> fem. .a food item.
k8 /k\/ <k\.\> masc. a grain.
k8svu& /k\.\s.vu~/ <k\.\.s\.vu~> v.intr.
. to groan.
k9Xvu& /k\.t\.vu~/ <k\.th\.\.vu~> v.intr.
.to deteriorate.
kpaX /k\.pa/ <k\.pa.\> neut. . the

forehead.
kpas /k\.pas/ <k\.pa.s\> masc. . a
cotton plant.
kpoX /k\.po/ <k\.po.\> adj. . a sub
caste in Bania community.
kf /k\p/ <k\.ph\> masc. .cough.
kb@yat /k\.b\.i.jat/ <k\.b\.ii.ja.t\>
masc.
constipation.
k9a /k\.ta/ <k\.tha> fem. . a stroy.

k9akar /k\.ta.kar/ <k\.tha.ka.r\> masc.
. a story teller.
kbjo /k\b.o/ <k\.b\.o> masc. . a

blouse.
kbr /k\.b\r/ <k\.b\.r\> fem. . a grave.
kd /k\d/ <k\.d\> neut. . size.

kba4 /k\.ba/ neut. . a cup-board.
35
kbUtr /k\.bu.t\r/ <k\.buu.t\.r\> neut. .
a pigeon.
kmnsIb /k\m.n\.sib/ <k\.m\.n\.sii.b\>
adj. . unfortunate.
kra /k\.ra/ <k\.ra> masc. pl..1. hailstones.

krar /k\.rar/ <k\.ra.r\> masc. . a written
agreement.
kmr /k\.m\r/ <k\.m\.r\> fem. . a waist.

kmX /k\.m\/ <k\.m\.\> neut. . a lotus.
kmXo /k\m.o/ <k\.m\.o> masc. .
jaundice.
kma; /k\.ma.i/ <k\.ma.ii> fem. .
earnings.
kmavu& /l\.ma.vu~/ <k\.ma.vu~> v.intr. . to
earn.
kirya8u& /k\.ri.ja.u~/ <k\.ri.ja.u~> neut. .

grocery.
kiryavr /k\.ri.ja.v\r/ <k\.ri.ja.v\.r\>
neut. . a brides fathers gift to
bridegroom and his relatives.
kru8 /k\.ru/ <k\.ru.\> adj. .1.
pathetic 2. tragic.
kru8a /k\.ru.a/ <k\.ru.a> fem. .
kindness.
kmurt /k\.mu.r\t/ <k\.mu.r\.t\> neut.

inauspicious time or hour.
kp /k\.rup/ <k\.ruu.p\> adj. . ugly.
kmot /k\.mot/ <k\.mo.t\> neut. .

unnatural death.
kro6 /k\.ro/ <k\.ro.\> adj. . ten

millions.
kmosm /k\.mo.s\m/ <k\.mo.s\.m\>

fem. .1. bad weather. 2. untimely.
kro6 /k\.ro/ <k\.ro.\> fem. . a spine.
krksr /k\r.k\.s\r/ <k\.r\.k\.s\.r\> fem.

. economy.
krgrvu& /k\r.g\r.vu~/ <k\.r\.g\.r\.vu~>
v.intr. . to request humbly.
krclo /k\.r\c.lo/ <k\.r\.c\.lo> masc. . a
crab.
kro6rjju /k\.ro.r\.u/ <k\.ro.\.r\.u>

fem. . the spinal cord.
kroiXyo /k\.ro.i.jo/ <k\.ro.i.jo> masc. .
a spider.
kl&k /k\.l\nk/ <k\.l\~.k\> neut. .1. a blot
2. a blemish.
kla /k\.la/ <k\.la> fem. . art.
krj /k\.r\/ <k\.r\.\> neut. . a debt.

klak /k\.lak/ <k\.la.k\> masc. . an hour.
krmavu& /k\r.ma.vu~/ <k\.r\.ma.vu~>
v.intr..to wither.
krvu& /k\r.vu~/ <k\.r\.vu~> v.tr. . to do.
klakar /k\.la.kar/ <k\.la.ka.r\> masc. .

an artist.
36
kLpna /k\l.p\.na/ <k\.lp\.na> fem. .
imagination.
k;& /k\.i~/ <k\.ii~> advb. .1. where? 2.

some.
kLpvu& /k\l.p\.vu~/ <k\.lp\.vu~> v.tr. . to

imagine.
k;&k /k\.i~k/ <k\.ii~.k\> advb. .

something.
kLya8 /k\l.ja.\/ <k\.lja.\> neut. .

well-being.
k&kav4I /k\n.ka.vai/ <k\~.ka.v\.ii> fem. .

a small bowl to keep k&ku>
kviy{aI /k\.v\.ji.tri/ <k\.v\ji.tri> fem. .a

female poet.
kiv /k\.vi/ masc. . <k\.vi> a male poet.
k&ku /k\n.ku/ <k\~.ku> neut. . a red

powder/ paste used in rituals and certain
social customs such as putting bindi on
the forehead.
k=u& /k\.u~/ <k\.u~> adj. . whatever

thing.
k&kotrI /k\.nko.t\.ri/ <k\~.ko.t\.rii> fem. .

an invitation letter.
k=u&k /k\.u~k/ <k\.u~.k\> adj. .

something.
k&jUs /k\n.us/ <k\~.u.s\> adj. . miserly.
ksrt /k\s.r\t/ <k\.s\.r\.t\> fem. . an

exercise.
ksa; /k\.sai/ <k\.sa.ii> masc. . a
butcher.
k&4aXvu& /k\n.a.vu~/ <k\~.a.\.vu~> v.intr. .

to be bored.
k&4aXo /k\n.a.o/ <k\~.a.o> masc. .
medium.
kso4I /k\.so.i/ <k\.so.ii> fem. . a test.
k&5 /k\t/ <k\~.h\> masc. .1. the throat

2. a vocal tune.
khe8 /k\.he/ <k\.he.\> neut. . a

message.
k&5I /k\.i/ <k\~.hii> fem. . a kind of

necklace.
khevt /k\.he.v\t/ <k\.he.v\.t\> fem. . a

proverb.
k&do; /k\n.doi/ masc. . a confectioner.
khevu& /k\.he.vu~/ <k\.he.vu~> v.tr. . to say.
k&doro /k\n.do.ro/ <k\~.do.ro> masc. . a

waist-band.
kagru& /k\h.ja.g\.ru~/ <k\.hja.g\.ru~>

adj. . obedient.
k&parI /k\m.pa.ri/ <k\~.pa.rii> fem. . a

shivering.
kXtr /k\.t\r/ <k\.\.t\.r\> neut. . a

kind of body pain.
k&pvu& /k\mp.vu~/ <k\~.p\.vu~> v.intr. .1. to

shiver 2. to tremble.
kXI /k\.i/ <k\.ii> fem. . a bud.
k&sar /k\m.sar/ <k\~.sa.r\> masc. .a

sweet.
37
kak6I /kak.i/ <ka.k\.ii> fem. .
cucumber.
ka7vu& /ka.vu~/ <ka.h\.vu~> v.tr. . to

take out.
kaka /ka.ka/ <ka.ka> masc. hon..

paternal uncle.
ka8u& /ka.u~/ <ka.u~> adj. .1. a hole, 2.

one-eyed.
kaka@ /ka.ka.i/ <ka.ka.ii> masc. . a

brother of the father-in-law.
katr /ka.t\r/ <ka.t\.r\> fem. . scissors.
kakI /ka.ki/ <ka.kii> fem. . a paternal

uncles wife.
kakI@ /ka.ki.i/ <ka.ka.ii> fem. . the
wife of the brother of the father-in-law.
katrvu& /ka.t\r.vu~/ <ka.t\.r\.vu~> v.tr. . to

cut with scissors.
katrI /kat.ri/ <ka.t\.rii> fem. .a waferthin slice.
kadv /ka.d\v/ <ka.d\.v\> masc. . mud.
kag6o /kag.o/ <ka.g\.o> masc. . a

crow.
kagX /ka.g\/ <ka.g\.\> masc. .1. paper
2. a letter.
kagaroX /ka.ga.ro/ <ka.ga.ro.\> fem. .
rowdism.
kac /kac/ <ka.c\> masc. .1. glass 2.
mirror.
kan /kan/ <ka.n\> masc. . an ear.

kap /kap/ <ka.n\> masc. . reduction.
kap6 /ka.p\/ <ka.p\.\> neut. . cloth.
kaplI /kap.li/ <ka.p\.lii> fem. . a
clipping of a paper.
kapvu& /kap.vu~/ <ka.p\.vu~> v.tr. . to cut.
kacbo /kac.bo/ <ka.c\.bo> masc. . a

tortoise.
kapo /ka.po/ <ka.po> masc. .1.a cut. 2 a

mark made by cutting.
kaic&6o /ka.ci.o/ <ka.c\~.o> masc. . a

chameleon.
kabr /ka.b\r/ <ka.b\.r\> neut. . a kind

of bird.
kacu& /ka.cu~/ <ka.cu~> adj. .1.unripe 2.

raw.
kabU /ka.bu/ <ka.buu> masc. . control.
kajX /ka.\/ <ka.\.\> neut. .eye-salve.
kam /kam/ <ka.m\> neut. . work
kaju /ka.u/ <ka.u> neut. . a cashew-nut.
kam /kam/ <ka.m\> masc. . sexual

desire.
ka4 /ka/ <ka.\> masc. . rust.
kamclaw& /kam.c\.lau~/ adj. .tentative.
38
kamcor /kam.cor/ <ka.m\.co.r\> adj. .
not inclined to work.
kamdar /kam.dar/ <ka.m\.da.r\> masc. .
a manual worker.
kamdev /kam.dev/ <ka.m\.de.v\> masc. .
ther god of love.
kam0&0o /ka.dn.do/ <ka.m\.dh\~.dho>
masc. .1. business 2. profession.
kaXju& /ka.u~/ <ka.\.uu> neut. .1.the

lever.
kaXu& /la.u~/ <ka.u~> adj. . black.
kaXotrI /ka.o.t\.ri/ <ka.o.t\.rii> fem. . a
letter containg someones deaths
message.
ka&krI /ka~k.ri/ <ka~.k\.rii> fem. . a smll
pebble.
kaydo /kaj.do/ <ka.j\.do> masc. . a law.

kaym /ka.j\m/ <ka.j\.m\> adj. . forever.
karkun /kar.kun/ <ka.r\.ku.n\> masc. . a
clerk.
karànu& /kar.ka.nu~/ <ka.r\.kha.nu~>
neut. . a factory.
kar8 /ka.r\/ <ka.r\.\> neut. .1. a
reason 2. a cause.
kartk /kar.t\k/ <ka.r\.t\.k\> masc. . the
first month of Hindu year.
kartUs /kar.tus/ <ka.r\.tu.s\> neut. . a
cartridge.
kar-ar /kar.bar/ <ka.r\.bha.r\> masc. .
management.
kal /kal/ <ka.l\> fem. .1.tomrrow 2.
yesterday.
kavtru& /ka.v\t.ru~/ <ka.v\.t\.ru~> neut. .
fraud.
ka&kro /ka~k.ro/ <ka~.k\.ro> masc. . a

pebble.
ka&4aXu& /ka~.a.u~/ <ka~.a.u~> adj. . throny.
ka&4o /ka~.o/ <ka~.o> masc. . a thorn.
ka&4o /ka~.o/ <ka~.o> masc. . a weighing
machine.
ka&5o /ka~.o/ <ka~.ho> masc. .1. a bank 2.
a shore 3 a coast.
ka&6u& /ka~.u~/ <ka~.u~> neut. . a wrist.
ka&do /ka.do/ <ka~.do> masc. . onion.
ka&0 /ka~n.d\/ <ka~.dh\> fem. . one of the
shoulders.
ka&skI /ka~s.ki/ <ka~.s\.kii> fem. . a small
comb mainly for women.
ka&sko /ka~s.ko/ <ka~.s\.ko> masc. . a
comb.
ikLlo /kil.lo/ <ki.llo> masc. . a fortress.
kaVy /kav.j\/ <ka.vj\> neut. . a poem.

kaX@ /ka.i/ <ka.\.ii> fem. . care.
ik=or /ki.or/ <ki.o.r\> masc. . a minor

boy.
39
ik=orI /ki.o.ri/ <ki.o.rii> fem. . a minor

girl.
kI4lI /ki.li/ <kii.\.lii> fem. . a kettle.
kI6I. /ki.i/ <kii.ii> fem. . an ant.
ku&-ar /kum.bar/ <ku~.bha.r\> masc. . a

potter.
ku&varu& /ku~.va.ru~/ <ku~.vaa.ru~> adj. .
unmarried.
kUk6o /kuk.o/ <kuu.k\.o> masc. . a
cock.
kI6o /ki.o/ <kii.o> masc. . an insect.

kUk6I /kuk.i/ <kuu.k\.ii> fem. . a hen.
kImt /ki.m\t/ <kii.m\.t\> fem. . price.
kIitR /kir.ti/ <kii.rti> fem. . fame.
ku4u&b /ku.um.b\/ <ku.u~.b\> neut. . a
family.
ku4ev /ku.ev/ <ku.e.v\> fem. . a bad
habit.
kutUhl /ku.tu.h\l/ <ku.tu.h\.l\> neut.
curiosity.
kudrt /kud.r\t/ <ku.d\.r\.t\> fem. .
nature.
kUXdev /ku.dev/ <ku.\.de.v\> masc. . a
family deity.
kUtrI /kut.ri/ <kuu.t\.rii> fem. . a female

dog.
kUtru& /kut.ru~/ <kuu.t\.ru~> neut. . a dog.
kUtro /kut.ro/ <kuu.t\.ro> masc. . a male
dog.
kU9lI /kut.li/ <ku.th\.lii> fem. . scandal.
kUdvu& /kud.vu~/ <ku.d\.vu~> v.intr. . to
jump.
kudavvu& /ku.dav.vu~/ <ku.da.v\.vu~> v.tr.
see kuda6vu.
kUvo /ku.vo/ <ku.vo> masc. . a waterwell.
kuStI /kus.ti/ <ku.stii> fem. . wrestling.

kuseva /ku.se.va/ <ku.se.vaa> fem. . a
disservice.
kuha6I /ku.ha.i/ <ku.ha.ii> fem. . a
small axe.
kuha6o /ku.ha.o/ <ku.ha.io> masc. . an
axe.
ku&6X /ku.\/ <ku~.\.\> masc. a kind
of ear ring.
kU&cI /ku~.ci/ <ku~.cii> fem. .1. a key 2. a

clue.
kU&pX /ku.mp\/ <kuu~.p\.\> fem. . a
sprout.
ke4lu& /ke.lu~/ <ke.\.lu~> adj. . how much.
ke6 /k/ <ke.\> fem. .a waist.
ked /kd/ <ke.d\> fem. . a prison.
kem /km/ <ke.m\> advb. .why.
40
kedI /k.di/ <ke.dii> masc. .a prisoner.

kerI /k.ri/ <ke.rii> fem. .a mango.
kotrvu& /ko.t\r.vu~/ <ko.t\.r\.vu~> v.tr. .1.

to engrave 2. to carve.
ko9mIr /kot.mir/ <ko.th\.mii.r\> neut.
coriander.
kev6u& /kev.u~/ <ke.v\.u~> adj. .how big

kevu& /ke.vu~/ <ke.vu~> adj. .of what kind.
kesr /ke.s\r/ <ke.s\.r\> neut. .saffron.
kesrI /kes.ri/ <ke.s\.rii> adj. .saffron
colored.
keX /ke/ <ke.\> fem. .a banana-tree.
keXv8I /ke.\v.i/ <ke.\.v\.ii> fem. .1.
bringing up. 2. training.
ko9XI /kot.i/ <ko.th\.ii> fem. .a purse

of cloth.
ko9Xo /ko.o/ <ko.th\.o> masc. .a
large beg of cloth.
kodaXI /ko.da.i/ <ko.da.ii> fem. .1. a
hoe 2. a spade.
konu& /k.nu~/ <ko.nu~> pron.. whose.
kopru& /kop.ru~/ <ko.p\.ru~> neut. .a kernel
of a coconut.
keXvvu& /ke.\v.vu~/ <ke.\.v\.vu~> v.tr. .to

bring up.
kom /kom/ <ko.m\> fem. .a caste-group.
keXu& /ke.u~/ <ke.u~> neut. .a banana.
komvad /kom.vad/ <ko.m\.va.d\> masc.

.1. communalism 2. castism.
ko; /ko.i/ <ko.i> prono..someone.

kogXIyu& /k.g\.i.ju~/ <ko.g\.ii.ju~> neut.
cholera.
kogXo /kg.o/ <ko.g\.o> masc. .1. a
mouthful of liquid 2. a gargle.
ko5I /ko.i/ <ko.hii> fem. .a large vessel
to stor grain.
ko6Iyu& /ko.i.ju~/ <ko.ii.ju~> neut. .a kind
of earthern lamp.
korvu& /kor.vu~/ <ko.r\.vu~> v.tr. .to bore a

hole.
kolso /kol.so/ <ko.l\.so> masc. .coal.
kolahl /ko.la.h\l/ <ko.la.h\.l\> masc. .a
continuous loud noise.
koi== /ko.i/ <ko.i.\> fem. .an effort.
kohvu& /koh.vu~/ <ko.h\.vu~> v.intr. .to rot.
koXI /ko.i/ <ko.ii> fem. .a caste.
ko7 /ko/ <ko.h\> masc. .leprosy.

koXu& /ko.u~/ <ko.u~> neut. .a pumpkin.
ko8I /k.i/ <ko.ii> fem. .an elbow.
kO4uiMbk /k\u.um.bik/ <k\u.tu~.mbi.k\>
adj. pertaining to a family.
41
kO-a&6 /k\u.ba~n/ <k\u.bha~.\> neut.

.a scandal.
kO&s /k\ums/ <k\u~.s\> masc. .a bracket.
Ex. [], {}, ( ).
kyare /kja.re/ <kja.re> advb. .when.
kya& /kja~/ <k\.ja~> advb. .where.
`jU.rI /k\.u.ri/ <kh\.u.rii> fem. .a date

tree.
`jUro /k\.u.ro/ <kh\.uu.ro> masc. .a
centipede.
`4kvu& /k\.\k.vu~/ <kh\.\.k\.vu~>
v.exp.. to repent.
`4p4 /k\.p\/ <kh\.\.p\.\> fem. .an
intrigue.
k/ur /kru.r\/ <kru.r\> adj. .cruel.

k/o0 /kro.d\/ <kro.dh\> masc. .anger.
`4ml /k\.m\l/ <kh\.\.m\.l\> masc.

.a bug.
`4mI5u& /k\.mi.u~/ <kh\.\.mii.hu~>
adj. sour and sweet.
``6vu& /k\.k\.vu~/ <kh\.kh\.\.vu~>

v.intr. .to rattle.
`4rag /k\.rag/ <kh\.\.ra.g\> masc. .a

quarrel.
``6avvu& /k\k.av.vu~/
<k\.k\.a.v\.vu~> v.tr. .to knock (on
a door etc.).
`4lo /k\.lo/ <kh\.\.lo> masc. .a lawsuit.
`ckavu& /k\c.ka.vu~/ <kh\.c\.ka.vu~>

v.intr. .to hesitate.
`ca`c /k\.ca.k\c/ <kh\.ca.kh\.c\>
advb. densely.
`Ccr /k\c.c\r/ <kh\.cc\.r\> neut. .a
mule.
`jancI /k\.an.ci/ <kh\.a.n\.cii>
masc. .a cashier.
`jano /k\.a.no/ <kh\.a.no> masc. .a
treasure.
`jUr /k\.ur/ <kh\.u.r\> neut. .a date
fruit.
`4vvu& /k\.\v.vu~/ <kh\.\.v\.vu~> v.tr.

.to make things sour.
`4aro /k\.a.ro/ <kh\.a.ro> masc. .a
motor truck.
`4u&b6u& /k\.umb.u~/ <kh\.u~.b\.u~>
adj. slightly sour.
`6k /k\.\k/ <kh\.\.k\> masc. .a
rock.
`6klo /k\.\k.lo/ <kh\.\.k\.lo>
masc. .a pile.
`6kI /k\.ki/ <kh\.\.kii> fem. .a lane.
`6tl /k\.t\l/ <kh\.\.t\.l\> adj. .a
strongly built.
42
`6bc6u& /k\.b\c.u~/
<kh\.\.b\.c\.u~> adj. .rough.
`ru& /k\.ru~/ <kh\.ru~> adj. .correct.
`6ecok /k\.e.cok/ <kh\.e.co.k\>

advb. publicly.
`re`r /k\.re.k\r/ <kh\.re.kh\.r\>

advb. .1. truly 2. indeed.
`8vu& /k\.vu~/ <kh\.\.vu~> v.tr. .to

scratch.
`cR /k\r.c\/ <kh\.rc\> neut. . expense.
`tro /k\t.ro/ <kh\.t\.ro> masc.

.danger.
`tvvu& /k\.t\v.vu~/ <kh\.t\.v\.vu~> v.tr.
.to make an entry in a ledger.
`dbdvu& /k\d.b\d.vu~/
<kh\.d\.b\.d\.vu~> v.intr. .to boil with
a simmering sound.
`las /k\.las/ <kh\.la.s\> adj. .1.

exhausted 2. the end.
`lasI /k\.la.si/ <kh\.la.sii> masc. .a
sailor.
`lel /k\.lel/ <kh\.le.l\> masc.
.disturbance.
`vas /k\.vas/ <kh\.va.s\> fem. .name
of a community.
`pvu& /k\p.vu~/ <kh\.p\.vu~> v.intr. .to

be sold.
`s /k\s/ <kh\.s\> fem. .scabies.
`br /k\.b\r/ <kh\.b\.r\> fem. .news.
`s`s /k\s.k\s/ <kh\.s\.kh\.s\> fem.

.poppy seeds.
`-o /k\.bo/ <kh\.bho> masc. .the

shoulder.
`m8 /k\.m\/ <kh\.m\.\> neut. .a
food item.
`mvu& /k\m.vu~/ <kh\.m\.vu~> v.tr. .to
tolerate.
`mIs /k\.mis/ <kh\.mi.s\> neut. .a
shirt.
`rpvu& /k\.r\p.vu~/ <kh\.r\.p\.vu~> v.tr.
.to hoe.
`rvu& /k\r.vu~/ <kh\.r\.vu~> v.intr. .to
fall (fruit, leaves etc.)
`rab /k\.rab/ <kh\.ra.b\> adj. .bad.
`se6vu& /k\.se.vu~/ <kh\.se.\.vu~> v.tr.

.to move.
`X`X /k\. k\/ <kh\.\.kh\.\> advb.
.the rippling sound of a water flow.
`&èrvu& /k\n.ker.vu~/ <kh\~.khe.r\.vu~>
v.tr. .to pluck down.
`&jrI /k\.\.ri/ <kh\~.\.rii> fem. .a
small tambourin.
`&jvaXvu& /k\.\.va.vu~/
<kh\~.\.va.\.vu~> v.tr. .to seratch.
`&6 /k\.\/ <kh\~.\> masc. .1. a part
2. a room. 3. a continent.
43
`&i6yer /k\.i.jer/ <kh\~.i.je.r\> neut.
.a ruin.
àtr /ka.t\r/ <kha.t\.r\> neut. .housebreaking (by theif)
à; /ka.i/ <kha.ii> fem. .1. a ditch 2. a

trench.
àtrI/kat.ri/ <kha.t\.rii> fem. .trust.
àw0ru& /ka.u.d\.ru~/ <kha.u.dh\.ru~>

adj. . gluttonous.
àtavhI /ka.ta.v\.hi/ <kha.ta.v\.hii>

fem. a ledger.
àjlI /ka.li/ <kha.\.lii> fem. .a food

item.
àtu& /ka.tu~/ <kha.tu~> neut. .an account.
àju /ka.u/ <kha.u> neut. .a food item.

à4kI /ka.ki/ <kha.\.kii> masc. .a
butcher.
à4lo /ka.lo/ <kha.\.lo> masc. .a cot.
à0aòrakI /ka.da.kho.ra.ki/
<kha.dha.kho.ra.kii> fem. .1.
maintenance 2. livelihood.
àngI /kan.gi/ <kha.n\.kii> adj.
.secret.
ànu& /ka.nu~/ <kha.nu~> neut. .a drawer.
à4vu& /ka.vu~/ <kha.\.vu~> v.tr. .to be

benefited.
à4u& /ka.u~/ <kha.u~> adj. .sour.
àboicyu& /ka.bo.ci.ju~/ <kha.bo.ci.ju~>

neut. .a puddle.
àmI /ka.mi/ <kha.mii> fem. .a defect.
à6I /ka.i/ <kha.ii> fem. .a creek.

àru& /ka.ru~/ <kha.ru~> adj. .salty.
à6o /ka.o/ <kha.o> masc. .a pit.
à8 /ka/ <kha.\> fem. .a mine.
ài8yo /ka.i.jo/ <kha.i.jo> masc. .a
miner.
à8u& /ka.u~/ <kha.u~> neut. .a dinner.
àtmurt /kat.mu.r\t/ <kha.t\.mu.r\.t\>
neut. .a ceremony of laying a foundation.
àtr /ka.t\r/ <kha.t\.r\> fem.
.hospitality.
àtr /ka.t\r/ <kha.t\.r\> neut.
.fertilizer.
àrek /ka.rek/ <kha.re.k\> fem. .a dry

date.
àl /kal/ <kha.l\> fem. .skin.
àlI /ka.li/ <kha.lii> adj. .1. empty 2.
poor 3. purposelessly.
àvu& /ka.vu~/ <kha.vu~> v.tr. .to eat.
às /kas/ <kha.s\> adj. .1.special 2.
personal. Ex. Aa maro às ma8s 2e.
às /kas/ <kha.s\> advb. .specially.
Ex. hu& às tmara 3er AavI=.
44
àisyt /ka.si.j\t/ <kha.si.j\.t\> fem. .a
special quality.
clarification.
ùLlu& /kul.lu~./ <khu.llu~> adj. .open.
àX /ka/ <kha.\> fem. .a drain.

ù= /ku/ <khu.\> adj. .joyful.
à&co /ka~.co/ <kha~.co> masc. .1. a turn
2. a lane.
à&6 /ka~/ <kha~.\> fem. .sugar.
à&6vu& /ka~.vu~/ <kha~.\.vu~> v.tr. .to
pound.
à&sI /ka~.si/ <kha~.sii> fem. .cough.
i`skolI /kis.ko.li/ <khi.s\.ko.lii> fem.
.a squirrel.
Ìc6I /kic.i/ <khii.c\.ii> fem. .a
food.
ÌcoÌc /ki.co.kic/ <khii.co.khii.c\>
advb. densely.
Ìjvvu& /ki.\v.vu~/ <khii.\.v\.vu~> v.tr.
.to tease.
Ì8 /ki/ <khii.\> fem. .1. a valley 2.
a rift.
Ìr /kir/ <khii.r\> fem. .a food item.
Ìl /kil/ <khii.l\> masc. .a pimple.
Ìlvu& /kil.vu~/ <khii.l\.vu~> v.intr. .to
blossom.
ÌSsu& /kis.su~/ <khii.ssu~> neut. .a
pocket.
ùr=I /kur.i/ <khu.r\.ii> fem. .a chair.
ùlaso /ku.la.so/ <khu.la.so> masc. .a
ù=numa /ku.nu.ma/ <khu.\.nu.ma>

adj. .pleasant (climate).
ù=amt /ku.a.m\t/ <khu.a.m\.t\>
fem..flattery.
ù=I /ku.i/ <khu.ii> fem. .pleasure.
ÙjlI /ku.li/ <khu.\.lii> fem. .itching
sensation.
Ù4vu& /ku.vu~/ <khu.\.vu~> v.intr. .1. to
be used up 2. to run out.
Ù8o /ku.o/ <khuu.o> masc. .1. an
angle 2. a corner.
Ùn /kun/ <khuu.n\> neut. .1. blood 2.
murder.
Ùb /kub/ <khu.b\> adj. .1. plentiful 2.
much.
ÙbI /ku.bi/ <khu.bii> fem. peculiar
quality.
Ùlvu& /kul.vu~/ <khuu.l\.vu~> v.intr. .to
open.
Ù&cvvu& /ku~.c\v.vu~/ <khuu.c\.v\.vu~>
v.tr. .to snatch away.
Ù&cvu& /ku~c.vu~/ <kh\.c\.vu~> v.intr. .to
prick.
Ù&0 /ku~d/ <khuu~.dh\> fem. .a hump.
45
è6vu& /ke.vu~/ <khe.\.vu~> v.tr. .to
plow.
ò6 /ko/ <kho.\> fem. .1. a defect 2.

a deficiency.
è6Ut /ke.ut/ <khe.uu.t\> masc. .a

farmer.
ò6vu& /ko.vu~/ <kho.\.vu~> v.tr. .to

erect.
ètr /ke.t\r/ <khe.t\.r\> neut. .a farm.
òtrvu& /ko.t\r.vu~/ <kho.t\.r\.vu~> v.tr.

.1. to scratch 2. to dig by scrapping.
ètI /ke.ti/ <khe.tii> fem. .farming.

èrat /ke.rat/ <khe.ra.t\> fem. .1. almsgiving 2. charity.
èl /kel/ <khe.l\> masc. .1. a sport.2. a
show (of play, cinema etc.)
èlvu& /kel.vu~/ <khe.l\.vu~> v.intr. to
play.
èla6I /ke.la.i/ <khe.la.ii> masc. .a
player.
èvna /kev.na/ <khe.v\.naa> fem. .care.
è&ca8 /k~.ca/ <khe~.ca.\> neut.
.attraction.
ò`ru& /kok.ru~/ <kho.kh\.ru~> adj. .1.
dull 2. broken.
òù& /ko.ku~/ <kho.khu~> neut. .an
empty box.
òja /ko.a/ <kho.a> masc. .a Muslim
caste.
òdvu& /kod.vu~/ <kho.d\.vu~> v.tr. .to

dig.
òda8 /ko.da/ <kho.da.\> neut. .a
digging.
òprI /kop.ri/ <kho.p\.rii> fem. .the
skull.
òbo /ko.bo/ <kho.bo> masc. .the shape
formed by the joined palms.
òrvavu& /kor.va.vu~/ <kho.r\.va.vu~>
v.intr. .to be disrupted.
òrak /ko.rak/ <kho.ra.k\> masc. .food.
òlvu& /kol.vu~/ <kho.l\.vu~> v.tr. .to
open.
òvu& /ko.vu~/ <kho.vu~> v.tr. .to miss.
òsvu& /kos.vu~/ <kho.s\.vu~> v.tr. .1. to
drive into 2. to penetrate 3. to pierce.
ò4 /ko/ <kho.\> fem. .loss.
òXa-r8u& /kho.a.b\r.u~/
<kho.a.bh\.r\.u~> neut. .the
celebration of first pregnancy.
ò4kavu& /ko.ka.vu~/ <kho.\.k\.vu~>

v.intr. to stop functioning.
òXIyu& /ko.i.ju~/ <kho.ii.ju~> neut. .1. a

bed or pillow cover 2. the body.
ò4u& /ko.u~/ <kho.u~> adj. .1.wrong. 2.

false.
òXo /ko.o/ <kho.o> masc. .the lap.
46
g
g;kal /g\i.kal/ <g\.ii.ka.l\> fem.
yesterday.
gg6vu& /g\.g\.vu~/ <g\.g\.\.vu~> v.intr.
.to roll down.
gjro /g\.ro/ <g\.\.ro> masc. .a
bouquet of flowers.
gjvu& /g\.vu~/ <g\.\.vu~> neut. .a pocket.
gzl /g\.z\l/ <g\.h\.l\> fem. .a type of
poem.
g4g4avvu& /g\.g\.av.vu~/
<g\.\.g\.\.vu~> v.tr. .to swallow
quickly.
g4r /g\.t\r/ <g\.\.r\> fem. .a gutter.
g5\5o /g\.o/ <g\.hho> masc. .a
lump.
g6da pa4u& /g\.da.pa.u~/
<g\.\.da.pa.u~> neut. .blows by hand
and feet.
g6do /g\.do/ <g\.\.do> masc. .a
punch.
g6b6 /g\.b\/ <g\.\.b\.\> fem. .1.
a rowdyism 2. misappropriation.
g6m9l /g\.m\.t\l/ <g\.\.m\.th\.l\>
fem. .hard work.
g6I /g\.i/ <g\.ii> fem. .a fold (of
cloth, paper etc.).
g7 /g\/ <g\.h\> masc. .a fortress.
g7vI /g\.vi/ <g\.h\.vii> masc. .a

keeper of a fortress.
g7vI /g\.vi/ <g\.h\.vii> fem. .a
community.
g8karvu& /g\.kar.vu~/ <g\.\.ka.r\.vu~>
v.tr. .to care for.
g8g8vu& /g\.g\.vu~/ <g\.\.g\.\.vu~>
v.intra..1. to murmur 2. to grumble.
g8trI /g\.\t.ri/ <g\.\.t\.rii> fem. .1.
calculation 2. counting
g8pit /g\.p\ti/ <g\.\.p\.ti> masc.
hon..the god Ganpati.
g8vu& /g\.vu~/ <g\.\.vu~> v.tr. .1. to
count 2. to calculate.
g8ve= /g\.ve/ <g\.\.ve.\> masc. .a
uniform.
gi8t /g\.it/ <g\.i.t\> neut.
.mathematics.
g8e= /g\.e/ <g\.e.\> masc. the god
Ganesh.
g*yu&ga&5yu& /g\.ju~. ga~.ju~/
<g\.ju~.ga~.hju~> adj. .a little.
gtagm /g\.ta.g\m/ <g\.ta.g\.m\> fem. .
understanding.
git /g\.ti/ <g\.ti> fem. .1. motion 2.
speed.
gd\y /g\.dj\/ <g\.dj\> neut. .prose.
g0e6u& /g\.de.u~/ <g\.dhe.u~> neut. .s
donkey.
47
gpgoXo /g\p.go.o/ <g\p.go.o> masc.

.a rumor.
gmar /g\.mar/ <g\.ma.r\> adj. .manner

less.
gr /g\r/ <g\.r\> masc. .pulp.
gpsp /g\p.s\p/ <g\.p\.s\.p\> fem.

.gossip.
gPpIdas /g\p.pi.das/ <g\.ppii.da.s\>
masc. a rumor-monger.
gflt /g\p.l\t/ <g\.ph\.l\.t\> fem. .1. a
mistake 2. carelessness.
gb6vu& /g\.b\.vu~/ <g\.b\.\.vu~> v.intr.
.to roll down.
gbI /g\.bi/ <g\.bii> fem. .a foolish girl
or woman.
gbo /g\.bo/ <g\.bo> masc. .a foolish
boy or man.
g-ra4 /g\b.ra/ <g\.bh\.ra.\> masc.
.frightful confusion.
grj /g\.r\/ <g\.r\.\> fem. .need.

grju /g\r.u/ <g\.r\.u> adj. .needy.
grjvu& /g\.r\.vu~/ <g\.r\.\.vu~> v.intr.
.to thunder.
grdn /g\r.d\n/ <g\.r\.d\.n\> fem. .the
neck.
grnaXu& /g\r.na.u~/ <g\.r\.na.u~> neut. .a
culvert.
grbI /g\r.bi/ <g\.r\.bii> fem. .a kind of
poem.
grbo /g\r.bo/ <g\.r\.bo> masc. .1. a
kind of poem 2. a pot with holes that
used during Navaratri festival.
g-ravu& /g\b.ra.vu~/ <g\.bh\.ra.vu~>

v.intr.
.to get frightened.
grm /g\.r\m/ <g\.r\.m\> adj. .hot.
g-ru& /g\b.ru~/ <g\.bh\.ru~> adj. .simplehearted.
grmagrm /g\r.ma.g\.r\m/
<g\.r\.ma.g\.r\.m\> adj. .fresh and
hot.
gm /g\m/ <g\.m\> masc. .sadness.

gmgIn /g\m.gin/ <g\.m\.gii.n\> adj.
.sad.
gMmt /g\m.m\t/ <g\.mm\.t\> fem.
.merriment.
gmvu& /g\m.vu~/ <g\.m\.vu~> v.exp.. to
like.
grmI /g\r.mi/ <g\.r\.mii> fem. .heat.
grvu& /g\r.vu~/ <g\.r\.vu~> v.intr. .to fall

slowly (of leaves, flowers, dew etc.)
grIb /g\.rib/ <g\.rii.b\> adj. .poor.
grIba; /g\.ri.bai/ <g\.rii.ba.i> fem.
.poverty.
gru6 /g\.ru/ <g\.ru.\> neut. .an eagle.
48
groXI /g\.ro.i/ <g\.ro.ii> fem. .a lizard.
g-aR0an /g\r.ba.dan/ <g\.rbha.dha.n\>
neut. .impregnation.
g-aR=y /g\r.ba.\j/ <g\.rbha.\.j\>
neut. .the uterus.
gX8I /g\.\.i/ <g\.\.ii> fem. .a

funnel.
gXp8 /g\.p\/ <g\.\.p\.\> neut.
.sweetness.
gXvu& /g\.vu~/ <g\.\.vu~> v.intr. .to ooze.
gvR /g\r.v\/ <g\.rv\> masc. .proud.

glkI /g\l.ki/ <g\.l\.kii> fem. .a kind of
creeper (vegetable).
glgo4o /g\l.go.o/ <g\.l\.go.o> masc. .a
kind of flower plant.
gXa4U&po /g\.a.u~.po/ <g\.a.u~.po>

masc. .a strangling.
gXafa&so /g\.a.pa~.so/ <g\.a.pha~.so>
masc. .a strangulation.
gXu& /g\.u~/ <g\.u~> neut. .the throat.
glI /g\.li/ <g\.lii> fem. .a street.

gyu& /g\.ju~/ <g\.ju~> adj. .sweet.
glU6I/yu& /g\.lu.i.ju~/ <g\.luu.ii.ju~> neut.
.a pup.
glofu& /g\.lo.pu~/ <g\.lo.phu~> neut. .the
inside of the cheek.
gLla&tLla& /g\l.la~.t\l.ta~/ <g\.lla~.t\.lla~>
masc. pl. .pretexts.
gLlo /g\l.lo/ <g\.llo> masc. .a cash-box.
g&@ /g\.i/ <g\~.ii> fem. .a stack of

hay.
g&dkI /g\nd.ki/ <g\~.d\.kii> fem .filth.
g&du /g\n.du~/ <g\~.du> adj. .dirty.
g&0 /g\n.d\/ <g\~.dh\> fem. .smell.
gvn /g\.v\n/ <g\.v\.n\> neut. .a kind

of sari.
g&0avu& /g\n.da.vu~/ <g\~.dha.vu~> v.intr.

.to
stink.
gvEyo /g\.v\i.jo/ <g\.v\i.jo> masc. .a

songster.
g&-Ir /g\m.bir/ <g\~.bhii.r\> adj. .1.

deep 2. cool-minded 3. serious.
gXc4u& /g\.c\.u~/ <g\.\.c\.u~> adj.

.sweetish.
gaj /ga/ <ga.\> neut. .a button-hole.

gajr /ga.\r/ <ga.\.r\> neut. .a carrot.
gXcvu& /g\.\c.vu~/ <g\.\.c\.vu~> v.tr. .to

over eat.
gXcI /g\.ci/ <g\.\.cii> fem. .1. the
neck 2. the throat.
gajvIj /ga.vi/ <ga.\.vii.\> fem.

.lightening and thunder together.
49
gajvu& /ga.vu~/ <ga.\.vu~> v.intr. .to
thunder.
ga6I /ga.i/ <ga.ii> fem. .a vehicle.
ga&5 /ga~/ <ga~.h\> fem. .a knot.

ga&6u& /ga~.u~/ <ga~.u~> adj. .1. mad 2.
lunatic.
ga6u& /ga.u~/ neut. .a cart.

gIc /gic/ <gii.c\> adj. .overcroweded.
ga7 /ga/ <ga.h\> adj. .thick.
gIt /git/ <gii.t\> neut. .a song.
ga8u& /ga.u~/ <ga.u~> neut. .a song.
gI0 /gid/ <gii.dh\> neut. .a vulture.
ga9a /ga.ta/ <ga.tha> fem. .a moral or
religous story.
gIrvI /gir.vi/ <gii.r\.vii> adj. .on

mortgage.
gadlu& /gad.lu~/ <ga.d\.lu~> neut. .a

mattress.
gIro /gi.ro/ <gii.ro> adj. .on mortgage.
gadI /ga.di/ <ga.dii> fem. .1. a throne, 2.

a cushion.
gujrvu& /gu.\r.vu~/ <gu.\.r\.vu~> v.intr.

.1. to pass by 2. to die.
gab6u& /gab.u~/ <ga.b\.u~> neut. .1. a

hole 2. a pit.
gujran /gu.ran/ <gu.\.ra.n\> neut.

.livelihood.
gam /gam/ <ga.m\> neut. .a village.
gujarvu& /gu.ar.vu~/ <gu.a.r\.vu~> v.tr. .to

pass time.
gayk /ga.j\k/ <ga.j\.k\> masc. .a male

singer.
gaiyka /ga.ji.ka/ <ga.ji.ka> fem. .a female
singer.
galIco /ga.li.co/ <ga.lii.co> masc. .a
carpet.
gavu& /ga.vu~/ <ga.vu~> v.tr. .to sing.
gaX /ga/ <ga.\> fem. .a curse word.
gaXvu& /ga.vu~/ <ga.\.vu~> v.tr. .1. to
filter 2. melt 3. to pass time.
ga&g6o /ga~g.o/ <ga~.g\.o> masc. .a
solid lump.
gu4ko /gu.ko/ <gu.\.ko> masc. .a small

booklet.
gu8 /gu/ <gu.\> masc. .quality.
gu8gan /gu.gan/ neut. .an eulogy.
gu8doq /gu.do/ <gu.\.do.s\> masc.
.merits and demerits.
gu8vu& /gu.bv~/ <gu.\.vu~> v.tr. .to
multiply.
gu8akar /gu.a.kar/ <gu.a.ka.r\> masc.
.multiplication.
50
gu8o]ar /gu.o.tt\r/ <gu.o.tt\.r\> masc.
.a ratio.
gunegar /gu.ne.gar/ <gu.ne.ga.r\> adj.
.criminal.
gU7 /gu/ <guu.h\> adj. .secret.

gU8 /gu/ <guu.\> fem. .a sack.
guno /gu.no/ <gu.no> masc. .a crime.
gUm6u& /gum.u~/ <guu.m\.u~> neut. .a

skin-boil.
gupcUp /gup.cup/ <gu.p\.cu.p\> advb.

.quietly.
gU&gXavu& /gu.g\.a.vu~/ <guu~.g\.a.vu~>

v.intr. .to be suffocated.
guPt /gu.pt\/ <gu.pt\> adj. .secret.
gU&c /gu~c/ <guu~.c\> fem. .1.a twisting of

threads 2. intricacy.
gufa /gu.pa/ <gu.pha> fem. .a cave.

gumavvu& /gu.mav.vu~/ <gu.ma.v\.vu~>
v.tr. .to lose.
guru /gu.ru/ <gu.ru> masc. . a teacher.
guru /gu.ru/ <gu.ru> adj. .1. big 2. large.
gulmor /gul.mr/ <gu.la.mo.r\> neut. .a
tree.
gulab /gu.lab/ <gu.la.b\> neut. .1. the
rose plant. 2. a rose flower
gulam /gu.lam/ <gu.la.m\> masc. .a
slave.
gU&9vu& /gu~t.vu~/ <guu~.th\.vu~> v.tr. .to

knit.
gU&dvu& /gu~d.vu~/ <guu~.d\.vu~> v.tr. .to
trample.
gerkayde /ger.kaj.de/ <ge.r\.ka.j\.de> adj.
and advb. .illegal.
gerkaydesr /ger.kaj.de.s\r/
<ge.r\.ka.j\.de.s\.r\> advb. .illegally.
gerrSte /ger.r\s.te/ <ge.r\.r\.ste> advb.
.wrongly.
gerla- /ger.lab/ <ge.r\.la.bh\> masc.
.loss.
guSso /gu.sso/ <gu.sso> masc. .anger.

gu&jvu& /gu.vu~/ <gu~.\.vu~> v.intr. .1. to
hum 2. to buzz.
gu&6o /gu.o/ <gu~.o> masc. .a bully.
gu&dr /gun.d\r/ <gu~.d\.r\> masc. .1.
glue 2. gum.
gu&bj /gum.b\/ <gu~.b\.\> masc. .a
dome.
gervLle /ger.v\.lle/ <g\.r\.v\.lle> advb.

.at a wrong place.
gervvu& /ge.r\v.vu~/ <ge.r\.v\.vu~> v.tr. .to
make things (fruits, leaves) fall.
gervhIv4 /ger.v\.hi.v\/
<ge.r\.v\.hii.v\.\> masc.
mismanagement.
51
gersmj /ger.s\.m\/ <ge.r\.s\.m\.\>
fem. . misunderstanding.
gokXgay /go.k\.gaj/ <go.k\.\.ga.j\>
fem. .a snail.
go`lo /gok.lo/ <go.kh\.lo> masc. .a
small recess in a wall.
go`vu& /gok.vu~/ <go.kh\.vu~> v.tr. .1. to
cram 2. to memorize.
gozaru& /go.a.ru~/ <go.ha.ru~> adj.
.sinful.
go4lI /go.li/ <go.\.lii> masc. .a mango
seed (usually soft)
go4lo /go.lo/ <go.\.lo> masc. .a mango
seed (usually hard)
goma&s /go.ma~s/ <go.ma~.s\> neut. .beef.

gor /gr/ <go.r\> masc. .a priest
(normally a Brahmin)
gora8I /g.ra.i/ <go.ra.ii> fem. .a
priests wife.
gorI /go.ri/ <go.rii> adj. .a whiteskinned woman.
golmal /gol.mal/ <go.l\.ma.l\> fem. .
misappropriation.
govaX /go.va/ <go.va.\> masc. .a cowherd.
govaX8I /go.va.\.i/ <go.va.\.ii> fem.
.a cow-herds wife.
goX /go/ <go.\> adj. .round.
go4lo /go.lo/ <go.\.lo> masc. .a hard

muscle.
go58 /go.t\/ <go.h\.\> masc. .one
of the knees.
goX /go/ <go.\> masc. .a sub-group of

a caste.
goX /g/ <go.\> masc. .jiggery.
go5vvu& /go.\v.vu~/ <go.h\.v\.vu~> v.tr.

.to arrange.
goXgoX /go.go/ <go.\.go.\> adj.

.evasive.
goi5y8 /go.i.j\/ <go.hi.j\.\> fem. .a

female friend.
goXpap6I /go.pap.i/ <go.\.pa.p\.ii>

fem. .a sweet food itm.
god /god/ <go.d\> fem. .the lap.
goXm4oX /go.m\.o/ <go.\.m\.o.\>

adj. .pulpy.
god6I /god.i/ <go.d\.ii> fem. .a kind

of mattress.
godam /go.dam/ <go.da.m\> neut. .a
store house.
gobo /go.bo/ <go.bo> masc. .a hollow
on a metallic surface.
goXI /go.i/ <go.ii> fem. .1. a pill 2. a

bullet.
goXo /go.o/ <go.o> masc. .1.a globe 2.
a round lamp 3. a bulb.
gO8 /g\u/ <g\u.\> adj. .secondary.
52
gOrv /g\u.r\v/ <g\u.r\.v\> neut. .pride.

g/h /gr\h/ <gr\.h\> masc. .a planet.
g/h8 /gr\.h\/ <g\.h\.\> neut. .an
eclipse.
g/&9 /gr\nt/ <g\~.th\> masc. .a book.
g/ahk /gra.h\k/ <gra.h\.k\> masc. .a
customer.
34a4op /g\.a.op/ <gh\.a.o.p\> masc.

.1. thick clods 2. false show.
34a6vu& /g\.a.vu~/ <gh\.a.\.vu~> v.tr.
1. to lessen 2. to reduce.
34a6o /g\.a.o/ <gh\.a.o> masc.
decrease.
34avvu& /g\.av.vu~/ <gh\.a.v\.vu~> v.tr.
to interpret.
36tr /g\.t\r/ <gh\.\.t\.r\> neut. .1.
a thing made 2. training.
3w& /g\.u~/ <gh\.u~> masc. .wheat.
36p8 /g\.p\/ <gh\.\.p\.\> neut.

.old age.
3w&v8uR& /g\.u~.v\.ru~/ <gh\.u.v\.ru~>

adj. .of whitish color.
36vu& /g\.vu~/ <gh\.\.vu~> v.tr. .1. to

shape 2. to mould 3. to manufacture.
34 /g\/ <gh\.\> fem. .a shortage.
36a; /g\.a.i/ <gh\.a.ii> fem. .wages

for shaping, molding or manufacturing.
34k /g\.\k/ <gh\.\.k\> adj.

component.
34tu& /g\.tu~/ <gh\.\.tu~> advb.
.properly.
34na /g\.na/ <gh\.\.na> fem. .event.
34maX /g\.ma/ <gh\.\.ma.\> fem. a
series of events.
34vu& /g\.vu~/ <gh\.\.vu~> v.intr. .to
dcrease.
3i6yaX /g\.i.ja/ <gh\.i.ja.\> fem. .1.

a watch 2. a clock.
3i6yaXI /g\.i.ja.i/ <gh\.i.ja.i> masc.
.a match maker.
36o /g\.o/ <gh\.o> masc. .a pot.
38 /g\/ <gh\.\> masc. .a large
heavy hammer.
38u& /g\.u~/ <gh\.u~> adj. .1. much 2.
very.
34Sfo4 /g.spo/ <gh\.\.spho.\>

masc. .a revealing of secret.
3n /g\n/ <gh\.n\> adj. .solid.
34a /g\.a/ <gh\.a> fem. .a dense

formation of trees, clouds etc.
3m&6 /g\.m\/ <gh\.m\~.\> masc. .a

false pride.
53
3m&6I /g\.m\.i/ <gh\.m\~.ii> adj.
arrogant.
3vavu& /g\.va.vu~/ <gh\.va.vu~> v.intr. .to

be wounded.
3r /g\r/ <gh\.r\> neut. .a home.
3s3sa4 /g\s.g\.sa/ <gh\.s\.g\.sa.\>

advb. .to sleep soundly.
3rkam /g\r.kam/ <gh\.r\.ka.m\> neut.

1. a household work 2. a homework.
3r`cR /g\r.k\r.c\/ <gh\.r\.kh\.rc\>
neut. household expenses.
3rg(9u /g\r.g\ttu/ <gh\.r\.g\.ththu>
adj. produced at home.
3rcoXu& /g\r.co.u~/ <gh\.r\.co.u~> neut.
1.a silk bodies for women.
3rjma; /g\r.\.mai/ <gh\.r\.\.ma.ii>
masc. .a married man living with his
father-in-laws family.
3r6u& /g\r.u~/ <gh\.r\.u~> adj. .old.
3rbar /g\r.bar/ <gh\.r\.ba.r\> neut.
members of the family.
3rv`rI /g\r.v\.k.ri/
<gh\.r\.v\.kh\.rii> fem. . household
things such as furniture, utensils etc.
3rs&sar /g\r.sam.sar/ <gh\.r\.s\~.sa.r\>
masc. . worldly life.
3rs&sarI /g\r.sam.sa.ri/
<gh\.r\.s\~.sa.rii> adj. .a person
leading a worldly life.
3rak /g\.rak/ <gh\.ra.k\> masc. .1. a
customer 2. a client.
3re8u& /g\.re.~/ <gh\.re.u~> neut. .an
ornament.
3s6vu& /g\.s\.vu~/ <gh\.s\.\.vu~> v.tr.

.to drag.
3s6avu& /g\s.a.vu~/ <gh\.s\.a.vu~>
v.tr. to be dragged.
3srko /g\.s\r.ko/ <gh\.s\.r\.ko> masc.
1. a cut 2. a scratch.
3savu& /g\.sa.vu~/ <gh\.sa.vu~> v.intr.
.1.to be rubbed 2. to be worn out 3. to
sacrifice for others.
3&4 /g\/ <gh\~.\> masc. .a bell.
3&46I /g\.i/ <gh\~.\.i> fem. ..a
small bell.
3&4I /g\.i/ <gh\~.ii> fem. .a grinding
hand-mill or machine.
3a /ga/ <gha> adj. .two dozen papers.
3a /ga/ <gha> masc. .a wound.
3a3ro /g\g.ro/ <gha.gh\.ro> masc. .a
petticoat.
3a3rI /gag.ri/ <gha.gh\.rii> fem. .a
small petticoat.
3a4 /ga/ <gha.> masc. . a shape.
3a4Ilu& /ga.i.lu~/ <gha.i.lu~> adj. .well
built.
54
3a8 /ga/ <gha.\> masc. .a unit of
production.
3U&48 /gu~.\/ <ghuu~.\.\> masc. .the

knee.
3ayl /ga.j\l/ <gha.j\.l\> adj. .wounded.
3U&4I /gu~.i/ <ghuu~.ii> fem. .the shinbone.
3arI /ga.ri/ <gha.rii> fem. .a kind of

sweet.
3alvu& /gal.vu~/ <gha.l\.vu~> v.tr. .1. to
thrust into 2. to penetrate.
3U&4I /gu~.i/ <ghuu~.ii> fem. .a puzzle.

3e4u& /ge.u~/ <ghe.u~> neut. .a sheep.
3en /gen/ <ghe.n\> neut. .intoxication.
3as /gas/ <gha.s\> neut. .grass.

3I /gi/ <ghii> neut. .ghee (refined
butter).
3uv6 /gu.v\/ <ghu.v\.\> masc. .an
owl.
3U3rI /gug.ri/ <ghuu.gh\.rii> fem. .a
small mealic balls (usually of
ornaments).
3U3vvu& /gu.g\v.vu~/ <ghuu.gh\.v\.vu~>
v.intr. .to roar (of sea)
3Umravu& /gum.ra.vu~/ <ghuu.m\.ra.vu~>
v.intr. .to turn or move around.
3ebr /ge.b\r/ <ghe.b\.r\> neut. .a kind

of sweet.
3er /ger/ <ghe.r\> masc.
.circumference.
3ervu& /ger.vu~/ <ghe.r\.vu~> v.tr. .to
surround.
3eru& /ge.ru~/ <ghe.ru~> adj. .deep or dark
(usually a color).
3el2a /gel.ca/ <ghe.la.cha> fem. .a
craze.
3elu& /ge.lu~/ <ghe.lu~> adj. .craziness.
3UmrI /gum.ri/ <ghuu.m\.rii> fem. .a

whirlpool.
3o /go/ <gho> fem. .a kind of lizard.
3Umvu& /gum.vu~/ <ghuu.m\.vu~> v.intr.

.to move around.
3o6aga6I /go.a.ga.i/
<gho.a.gha.ii> fem. .a horsecarriage.
3Urkvu& /gu.r\k.vu~/ <ghuu.r\.k\.vu~>

v.intr. .1. to roar angrily 2. to snarl.
3o6apUr /go.a.pur/ <gho.a.puu.r\>

neut. .a sudden flood.
3Usi8yu& /gu.s\.i.ju~/ <ghu.s\.i.ju~> adj.

.a person with intruding nature.
3o6Iyu& /go.i.ju~/ <gho.ii.ju~> neut. .a

cradle.
3Usvu& /gus.vu~/ <ghuu.s\.vu~> v.intr. .1.

to thrust into 2. to enter forcefully or
withour prior permission.
3o6I /go.i/ <gho.ii> fem. .a mare.
55
3o6o /go.o/ <gho.o> masc. .a horse.
ckkr /c\k.k\r/ <c\.kk\.r\> neut. .a

circle.
3or /gor/ <gho.r\> adj. .terrible.

3orvu& /gor.vu~/ <gho.r\.vu~> v.intr. .to
snore.
3oXvu& /go.vu~/ <gho.\.vu~> v.tr. .to
soften by pressing on all sides.
c
ckckvu& /c\k.c\k.vu~/ <c\.k\.c\.k\.vu~>
v.intr. .1.to shine 2. to glitter.
ckckIt /c\k.c\.kit/ <c\.k\.c\.kii.t\>
adj. .shining.
ck6oX /c\k.o/ <c\.k\.o.\> masc.
.marry-go-round.
cktI /c\k.ti/ <c\.k\.tii> fem. .a name
plate.
ck/m /c\k.r\m/ <c\.kr\.m\> masc. .a

senseless person.
ck/v<i)0 /c\k.r\.vrud.di/
<c\.kr\.vr.dhdhi> adj. . compound
interest.
ck/akar /c\k.ra.kar/ <c\.kra.ka.r\> adj.
.circular.
cgdvu& /c\.g\d.vu~/ <c\.g\.d\.vu~> v.tr.
.1. to trample 2. to crush.
cgXvu& /c\.g\.vu~/ <c\.g\.\.vu~> v.tr. .1.
to chew slowly 2. to munch.
cc8vu& /c\.c\.vu~/ <c\.c\.\.vu~> v.exp.
.to feel a burning pain.
c4kvu& /c\.\k.vu~/ <c\.\.k\.vu~> v.tr. .to
string.
cklo /c\k.lo/ <c\.k\.lo> masc. .a male

sparrow.
c48I /c\.i/ <c\.\.ii> fem. .ketchup.
cklI /c\k.li/ <c\.k\.lii> fem. .a female

sparrow.
c4p4 /c\.p\/ <c\.\.p\.\> advb.

.instantly.
ckXivkX /c\.k\.vi.k\/
<c\.k\.\.vi.k\.\> adj. . frightened and
puzzled.
c4p4I /c\.p\.i/ <c\.\.p\.ii> fem.

.uneasiness.
ckamu& /c\.ka.mu~/ <c\.ka.mu~> neut. .1.

sun-burn 2. sore.
ckasvu& /c\.kas.vu~/ <c\.ka.s\.vu~> v.tr. .to
examine.
ckor /c\.kor/ <c\.ko.r\> adj. .alert.
c4a; /c\.ai/ <c\.a.i> fem. .a mat.

c6wtr /c\.u.t\r/ <c\.\.u.t\.r\> fem.
.1. rise and fall 2. ascent and descent.
c6c6vu& /c\.c\.vu~/ <c\.\.c\.\.vu~>
v.intr. .to burn with a creaking sound.
c6tI /c\.ti/ <c\.\.tii> fem. .1. rise 2.
increase.
56
c6tI p6tI /c\.ti p\.ti/

<c\.\.tii.p\.\.tii> fem. . rise and fall.
cp4I /c\p.i/ <c\.p\.ii> fem. .a snap of

fingers.
cpX /c\.p\/ <c\.p\.\> adj. .skilful.
c6tu& /c\.tu~/ <c\.\.tu~> adj. .rising.

cpa4I /c\.pa.i/ <c\.pa.ii> fem. .a bread.
c6vu& /c\.vu~/ <c\.\.vu~> v.intr. .1. to
climb 2. to rise.
c6sac6sI /c\.sa. c\.si/
<c\.\.sa.c\.\.sii> fem. . intense
rivalry.
c6a; /c\.ai/ <c\.a.i> fem. .an
invasion.
c6\6I /c\.i/ <c\.ii> fem. .shorts.
c8 /c\/ <c\.\> masc. .grains for
birds.
c8vu& /c\.vu~/ <c\.\.vu~> v.tr. .to
construct.
c8vu& /c\.vu~/ <c\.\.vu~> v.tr. .to eat
(by birds).
ci8yo /c\.i.jo/ <c\.i.jo> masc.
.petticoat.
c8o /c\.o/ masc. <c\.o> a grain of
gram.
ctur /c\.tur/ <c\.tu.r\> adj. .clever.
ctura /c\.tu.ra/ <c\.tu.ra> fem. .a clever
woman (used mainly in literary
language)
ctura; /c\.tu.rai/ <c\.tu.ra> fem.
.cleverness.
cpocp /c\.po.c\p/ <c\.po.c\.p\> advb.

.quickly.
cPpu /c\p.pu/ <c\p.pu> neut. .a knife.
cbrÌ /c\.b\r.ki/ <c\.b\.r\.khii> fem.
.a small piece of paper (mainly hand
written)
cbrak /c\b.rak/ <c\.b\.ra.k\> adj.
.1.clever 2. talkative.
cbUtro /c\.but.ro/ <c\.buu.t\.ro> masc.
.a public bird feeder.
cmk /c\.m\k/ <c\.m\.k\> fem.
.brightness.
cmco /c\m.co/ <c\.m\.co> masc. .a
spoon.
cmTkar /c\.m\t.kar/ <c\.m\.tka.r\>
masc. .a miracle.
cmelI /c\.me.li/ <c\.me.lii> fem. .a kind
of flower plant.
crk /c\.r\k/ <c\.r\.k\> fem. .a birds
excrement.
crò /c\r.ko/ <c\.r\.kho> masc. .a
spinning wheel.
cr8 /c\.r\/ <c\.r\.\> masc. .legs
(formal).
57
crbI /c\r.bi/ <c\.r\.bii> fem. .fat.
c&dn /c\n.d\n/ <c\~.d\.n\> neut. .a

sandal-tree.
crvu& /c\r.vu~/ <c\.r\.vu~> v.tr. .to graze.

c& /c\n.dr\/ <c\~.dr\> masc. .the moon.
cir{a /c\.rit.r\/ <c\.ri.tr\> neut.
.character.
cru /c\.ru/ <c\.ru> masc. .a pot with
broad mouth.
ccRvu& /c\rc.vu~/ <c\.rc\.vu~> v.tr. .to
discuss.
ccaR /c\r.ca/ <c\.rca> fem. .discussion.
c&pl /c\m.p\l/ <c\~.p\.l\> masc.

.sleeper.
c&po /c\m.po/ <c\~.po> masc. .a flower
plant.
ca /ca/ <ca> fem. .tea.
cakI /ca.ki/ <ca.kii> fem. .a small metal
bolt.
cl8 /c\.l\/ <c\.l\.\> neut. .currency.

caku /ca.ku/ <ca.ku> neut. .a knife.
cva8u& /c\.va.u~/ <c\.va.u~> neut. .a
type of
food.
cskvu& /c\.s\k.vu~/ <c\.s\.k\.vu~> v.intr.
.1.to slip 2. to escape 3. to be lostminded.
csko /c\s.ko/ <c\.s\.ko> masc.
.1.mascular pain 2. addiction.
chero /c\.he.ro/ <c\.he.ro> masc. .a face.
cX /c\/ <c\.\> fem. .itching sensation.
cXvX /c\.v\/ <c\.\.v\.\> fem. .a
movement.
ca`vu& /cak.vu~/ <ca.kh\.vu~> v.tr. .to

taste.
ca4vu& /ca.vu~/ <ca.\.vu~> v.tr. .to lick.
ca5u& /ca.u~/ <ca.hu~> neut. .1. a scar 2. a
skin-burn.
caplUsI /cap.lu.si/ <ca.p\.lu.sii> fem.
.flattery.
cabò /cab.ko/ <ca.b\.kho> masc. .1. a
whip 2. a kind of poem that criticizes
social evils.
cabUk /ca.buk/ <ca.buu.k\> masc. .a
whip.
cXvu& /c\.vu~/ <c\.\.vu~> v.intr. .1. to

move 2. to break a promise.
cam6I /cam.i/ <ca.m\.ii> fem. .skin.
cXam8 /c\.a.m\/ <c\.a.m\.\> neut.

.leftover after sifting.
cam6u& /cam.u~/ <ca.m\.u~> neut.

.leather.
c&cX /c\.c\/ <c\~.c\.\> adj. .unsteady.
camacI6Iyu& /ca.ma.ci.i.ju~/
<ca.ma.cii.ii.ju~> neut. .a bat.
58
car /car/ <ca.r\> fem. .1. fresh grass 2.

fodder.
caX8I /ca.\.i/ <ca.\.ii> fem. .a sieve.

caXvu& /ca.vu~/ <ca.\.vu~> v.tr. .to sift.
car8 /ca.r\/ <ca.r\.\> masc. .1. a

bard 2. a name of a caste/ community.
calIs /ca.lis/ <ca.li.s\> adj. .forty.
carpa; /car.pai/ <ca.r\.pa.i> fem. .a cot.
co&c /c~c/ <co~.c\> fem. .a beak.
cair{a /ca.rit.r\/ <c\.ri.tr\> neut.

.character.
ca&c6 /ca~.c\/ <co~.c\.\> masc. .a flea.
caro /ca.ro/ <ca.ro> masc. .fodder.

cal /cal/ <ca.l\> fem. .style of walking.
cal /cal/ <ca.l\> fem. .a strategy.
cal /cal/ <ca.l\> masc. .1. a tradition 2.
a custom.
calclgt /cal.c\l.g\t/ <ca.l\.c\.l\.g\.t\>
fem. . behavior.
calba@ /cal.ba.i/ <ca.l\.ba.ii> fem.
cleverness.
ca&d /ca~d/ <co~.d\> masc. .the moon.

ca&dnI /ca~d.ni/ <co~.d\.nii> fem.
.moonlight.
ca&dlo /ca~d.lo/ <ca~.d\.lo> masc. .an
auspicious mark done on the forehead.
ca&dI /ca~.di/ <ca~.dii> fem. .silver.
ca&dI /ca~.di/ <ca~.dii> fem. .syphilis.
ca&du& /ca~.du~/ <ca~.du~> neut. .an ulcer.
ca&do /ca~.do/ <ca~.do> masc. .the moon.
calvu& /cal.vu~/ <ca.l\.vu~> v.intr. .to walk.
ca&p /ca~p/ <ca~.p\> fem. .a switch.
calak /ca.lak/ <ca.la.k\> adj. .1.clever 2.

skilful.
ca&plu& /ca~p.lu~/ <ca~.p\.lu~> adj. .over

wise.
calakI /ca.la.ki/ <ca.la.kii> fem. .1. a

trick 2. cleverness.
ickar /ci.kar/ <ci.ka.r\> adj. .full.
calu /ca.lu/ <ca.lu> adj. .1.moving 2. a

person with loose character.
cavvu& /cav.vu~/ <ca.v\.vu~> v.tr. .to chew.
cavI /ca.vi/ <ca.vii> fem. .a key.
cas /cas/ <ca.s\> masc. .a furrow.
iccyarI /cic.ja.ri/ <ci.c\.ja.rii> fem. .a

shrilling cry.
ic5\5I /ci.i/ <ci.hhii> fem. .1. a note
2. a small informal letter.
ic6avu& /ci.a.vu~/ <ci.a.vu~> v.intr. .to be
vexed.
icta /ci.ta/ <ci~.ta> fem. .a funeral-pyre.
59
cIj /ci/ <ci.\> fem. .a thing.
ictar /ci.tar/ <ci.ta.r\> masc. .1.a picture
2. a detail narration.
ic]a /cit.t\/ <ci.tt\> neut. .the mind.
ic]ao /cit.to/ <ci.tto> masc. .1.a panther
2. a leopard.
ic{a /cit.r\/ <ci.tr\> neut. .1. a picture 2.
a drawing.
cI6 /ci/ <cii.\> fem. .disgust.

cItrvu& /ci.t\r.vu~/ <cii.t\.r\.vu~> v.tr. .1.
to sketch 2. to draw.
cItXo /cit.o/ <cii.t\.o> masc. .a kind of
serpent.
cInI /ci.ni/ <cii.nii> adj. .Chinese.
icbavlu& /ci.bav.lu~/ <ci.ba.v\.lu~> adj.

1.overwise 2. childish.
cIp /cip/ <cii.p\> fem. .1. a strip 2. a

deal in the card game.
icbuk /ci.buk/ <ci.buu.k\> fem. .the

chin.
cIipyo /ci.pi.jo/ <cii.pi.jo> masc.

.pincers.
icr&@vI /ci.r\n..i.vi/ <ci.r\~.ii.vii> adj.

1. having longevity 2. also used to
address a son, a daughter or any person
who is younger to the addresser.
cIbu& /ci.bu~/ <cii.bu~> adj. .flat-nosed.
icrag /ci.rag/ <ci.ra.g\> masc. .a lamp.
cIrvu& /cir.vu~/ <cii.r\.vu~> v.tr. .1. to tear

2. to split.
ich\.n /cih..n\/ <ci.hn\> neut. .1. a mark

2. a trait.
ic&tk /cin.t\k/ <ci~.t\.k\> masc. .thinker.
ic&tn /cin.t\n/ <ci~.t\.n\> neut. .1. deep
thinking 2. meditation.
ic&ta /cin.ta/ <ci~.ta> fem. .worry.
cIk8u& /cik.u~/ <ci.k\.u~> adj. .1. sticky
2. greasy.
cImXvu& /ci.m\.vu~/ <ci.m\.\.vu~> v.tr.

.1. to pinch 2. to twist.
cIrI /ci.ri/ <cii.rii> fem. .a slice of fruit

or pickle.
cIro /ci.ro/ <cii.ro> masc. .1. a cut 2. a
long piece of cloth.
cIv4 /ci.v\/ <cii.v\.\> fem. .care.
cIs /cis/ <cii.s\> fem. .a scream.
cI&9ru& /ci~t.ru~/ <cii.th\.ru~> neut. .a arg.
cIkI /ci.ki/ <cii.kii> fem. .a kind of

sweet.
cI&9rehal /cith.re.hal/ <cii.th\.re.ha.l\>

adj. 1. dressed in rags 2. extremely poor.
cIku /ci.ku/ <cii.ku> neut. .1. a tree 2. a

fruit of the cIku tree.
cI&0vu& /ci~d.vu~/ <ci~.dh\.vu~> v.tr. .to

point with a finger.
60
cUkado /cu.ka.do/ <cuu.ka.do> masc. .a
judgment.
cu6el /cu.el/ <cu.e.l\> fem. .a kind of
female ghost.
cup /cup/ <cuu.p\> adj. .quite.
cUpkIdI /cup.ki.di/ <cu.p\.kii.dii> fem.
.silence.
cUnI /cu.ni/ <cuu.nii> fem. .a nose ring.

cUmvu& /cum.vu~/ <cuu.m\.vu~> v.tr. .to
kiss.
cUlo /cu.lo/ <cuu.lo> masc. .a fire-place
for cooking.
cUvu& /cu.vu~/ <cuu.vu~> v.intr. .to ooze.
cUsvu& /cus.vu~/ <cuu.s\.vu~> v.tr. .to suck.
cUpcap /cup.cap/ <cuu.p\.ca.p\> advb.

.stealthily.
cUSt /cus.t\/ <cu.st\> adj. .1. tight 2.
staunch.
cu&gal /cu.gal/ <cu~.ga.l\> fem. .1. a
claw 2. a trap.
cu&gI /cu.gi/ <cu~.gii> fem. .a smokingpipe.
cu&bn /cum.b\n/ <cu~.b\.n\> neut. .a
kiss.
cU&k /cu~k/ <cu~.k\> fem. .stomach pain.

cU&k /cu~k/ <cuu~.k\> fem. .a nail.
cU&9vu& /cu~t.vu~/ <cuu~.th\.vu~> v.tr. .to
ransack.
cU&d6I /cu~nd.i/ <cu~.d\.ii> fem. .a kind
of sari.
cekvu& /cek.vu~/ <ce.k\.vu~> v.tr. .to erase.
cetn /ce.t\n/ <ce.t\.n\> adj. .animate.
cu&maXIs /cu~.ma.is/ <cu~.ma.ii.s\> adj.

.forty four.
cetna /cet.na/ <ce.t\.na> fem.

.consciousness.
cu&moter /cu~.mo.ter/ <cu~.mo.te.r\> adj.

.seventy four.
cetv8I /ce.t\v.i/ <ce.t\.v\.ii> fem.

.1.a warning 2. caution.
cUkvvu& /cu.k\v.vu~/ <cuu.k\.v\.vu~> v.tr.

.to make the payment.
cetvvu& /ce.t\v.vu~/ <ce.t\.v\.vu~> v.tr. .to

warn.
cUkvu& /cuk.vu~/ <cuu.k\.vu~> v.intr. .to

miss.
cetvu& /cet.vu~/ <ce.t\.vu~> v.intr. .to be

alert.
cUgvu& /cug.vu~/ <cuu.g\.vu~> v.tr. .to eat

(by birds).
cen /cen/ <ce.n\> neut. .peace.
cU6I /cu.i/ <cuu.ii> fem. .a bangle.
cep /cep/ <ce.p\> masc. .infection.
61
celo /ce.lo/ <ce.lo> masc. .a male
disciple.
celI /ce.li/ <ce.lo> fem. .a female
disciple.
cev6o /cev.o/ <ce.v\.o> masc. .a food
item.
co36Iyu& /co.g\.i.ju~/ <co.gh\.io.ju~>

neut. .a unit of time divided to determine
auspicious and inauspicious period.
co4 /co/ <co.\> fem. .a blow.
co4vu& /c.vu~/ <co.\.vu~> v.intr. .to stick.
co6vu& /c.vu~/ <co.\.vu~> v.tr. .to strike.
ceh /ceh/ <ce.h\> fem. .a funeral pyre.

cEtNy /c\i.t\n.j\/ <c\.t\.nj\> neut. .1.
life-spirit 2. the supreme being.
cotrf /co.t\.r\p/ <co.t\.r\.ph\> advb.

.on
all sides.
cE{a /c\it.r\/ <c\.tr\> masc. .the sixth

month of the Vikram year.
co{aIs /ct.ris/ <co.trii.s\> adj. .thirty

four.
cok /ck/ <co.k\> masc. .a square.
co9 /cot/ <co.th\> fem. .fouth day of

both of the fortnights of a lunar month.
cok6I /ck.i/ <co.k\.ii> fem. .1. a

washing place in house 2. a place where
four roads
cross.
cok\ks /cok.k\s/ <co.kk\.s\> advb.
.surely.
coksI /ck.si/ <co.k\.sii> masc. .1. a
surname 2. a dealer in gold and silver.
co0ar /co.dar/ <co.dha.r\> adj.

.immense (tears and rain)
copgu& /co.p\.gu~/ <co.p\.gu~> adj.
quadruped.
cop6vu& /co.p\.vu~/ <co.p\.\.vu~> v.tr.
.1. to lubricate 1. to grease.
cop6I /cop.i/ <co.p\.ii> fem. .a book.
cokI /c.ki/ <co.kii> fem. .1. a police

station 2. a watch-gate.
coà /co.ka/ <co.kha> masc. .rice.
co~à.; /cok.ka.i/ <co.khkha.ii> adj.
.cleanliness.
co~ù& /cok.ku~/ <co.khkhu~> adj. .clean.
cogan /co.gan/ <co.ga.n\> neut. .a plain.
cop6o /cop.o/ <co.p\.o> masc. .an

account book.
copn /co.p\n/ <co.p\.n\> adj. .fifty
four.
copanIyu& /co.pa.ni.ju~/ <co.pa.nii.ju~> neut.
.a pamphlet.
comasu& /co.ma.su~/ <co.ma.su~> neut.
monsoon.
62
cor /cor/ <co.r\> masc. .a thief.
corvu& /cor.vu~/ <co.r\.vu~> v.tr. .to steal.
cors /co.r\s/ <co.r\.s\> masc. .1. a
square figure 2. a square.
cora=I /co.ra.i/ <co.ra.ii> adj. .eighty
four.
2 /c\/ <ch\> adj. .six.

2kvu& /c\k.vu~/ <ch\.k\.vu~> v.intr. .to go
astray.
2kko /c\k.ko/ <ch\.kko> masc. .the six
in a suit of playing cards.
corI /co.ri/ <co.rii> fem. .a theft.
22u&dr /c\.cun.d\r/ <ch\.chu~.d\.r\>

neut. .a mole.
corI /c.ri/ <co.rii> fem. .a square

structure where marriage ritaul is
performed.
24kvu& /c\.\k.vu~/ <ch\.\.k\.vu~> v.intr.

.1. to slip away 2. to escape.
coro /c.ro/ <co.ro> masc. .a public

meeting
place in villages.
covIs /co.vis/ <co.vii.s\> adj. .twenty
four.
cos5 /co.s\/ <co.s\.h\> adj. .sixty
four.
coslu& /cos.lu~/ <co.s\.lu~> neut. .a thick
block or slice.
coXvu& /co.vu~/ <co.\.vu~> v.tr. .to rub.
coXa /co.a/ <co.a> masc. .a kind of
pulse.
coXI /co.i/ <co.ii> fem. a womans
bodies.
co&kvu& /co~k.vu~/ <co.k\.vu~> v.intr. .to be
startled.
cOd /c\ud/ <c\u.d\> adj. .fourteen.
24ku& /c\.ku~/ <ch\.\.k\.vu~> neut. .a

trap.
25 /c\/ <ch\.h\> fem. .sixth day of
the fortnight of the Hindu month.
26vu& /c\.vu~/ <ch\.\.vu~> v.tr. .to
thrash.
26a /c\.a/ <ch\.a> masc. .anklets.
28kvu& /c\.\k.vu~/ <ch\.\.k\.vu~>
v.intr. .to speak angrily.
28ko /c\.ko/ <ch\.\.ko> masc. .a
rude angry uterance.
2t /c\t/ <ch\.t\> fem. .availability.
2t /c\t/ <ch\.t\> fem. .a ceiling.
2ta& /c\.ta~/<ch\.ta~> advb. .however.
2{aI /c\t.ri/ <ch\.trii> fem. .an
umbrella.
2{aIs /c\t.ris/ <ch\.trii.s\> adj. .thirty
six.
63
2apru& /cap.ru~/ <cha.p\.ru~> neut. .a hut.
2br6o /c\.b\r.o/ <ch\.b\.r\.o>
masc. .a fiasco.
2bI /c\.bi/ <ch\.bii> fem. .1. a picture
2. a portrait.
2m2m /c\m.c\m/ <ch\.m\.ch\.m\>
advb. .with a jingling sound.
2l&g /c\.l\.g\/ <ch\.l\~.g\> fem. .a
long leap.
2la2l /c\.la.c\l/ <ch\.la.ch\.l\> advb.
.over flowing.
2VvIs /c\v.vis/ <ch\.vvii.s\> adj.
.twenty six.
2X /c\/ <ch\.\> neut. .a fraud.
2&2e6vu& /c\.nce.vu~/ <ch\~.che.\.vu~>
v.tr. .to enrage.
2&d /c\n.d\/ <ch\~.d\> masc. .an
addiction.
2&d /c\n.d\/ <ch\~.d\> masc. .a poetic
meter.
2a8 /ca/ <cha.\> neut. .a dung of
buffalo, cow, bullock and oxen.
2a8u& /ca.u~/ <cha.u~> neut. .a dungcake used as fuel.
2atI /ca.ti/ <cha.tii> fem. .the chest.
2anu& /ca.nu~/ <cha.nu~> adj. . secret.
2ap /cap/ <cha.p\> fem. .1. an
impression 2. a print.
2apvu& /cap.vu~/ <cha.p\.vu~> v.tr. .to

print.
2apu& /ca.pu~/ <cha.pu~> neut. .a
newspaper.
2ab /cab/ <cha.b\> fem. a bamboo
basket.
2ab6I /cab.i/ <cha.b\.ii> fem. a
bamboo basket.
2aya /ca.ja/ <cha.ja> fem. .a shadow.
2al /cal/ <cha.l\> fem. .a bark.
2alk /ca.l\k/ <cha.l\> fem. .a splash.
2ala& /ca.la~/ <cha.la~> neut. pl..1. husks
2. peels.
2av8I /cav.i/ <cha.v\.ii> fem. .a
camp.
2avrvu& /ca.v\r.vu~/ <cha.v\.r\.vu~> v.tr.
.to conceal.
2a= /ca/ <cha.\> fem. .butter milk.
2as5 /ca.s\/ <cha.s\.\> adj. .sixty
six.
2a&4o /ca~.o/ <cha~.o> masc. .a drop.
2a&6vu& /ca~.vu~/ <cha~.\.vu~> v.tr. .to
leave surplus food in the dining plate.
2I /ci/ <chii> fem. .excretion.
2I /ci/ <chii> advb. .an expression
showing hatred.
64
2Invvu& /ci.n\v.vu~/ <chii.n\.v\.vu~> v.tr.

.to snatch.
2e6o /ce.o/ <che.o> masc. .the end.
2Ip /cip/ <chii.p\> fem. .a shell.
2etrpI&6I /ce.t\r.pi.i/
<che.t\.r\.pi~.ii> fem. .a cheating.
2U4 /cu/ <chuu.\> fem. .1. leave 2.

speciousness.
2etrvu& /ce.t\r.vu~/ <che.t\.r\.vu~> v.tr.

.1. to cheat 2. to deceive.
2U4k /cu.t\k/ <chuu.\.k\> adj. .retail.
2etram8 /cet.ra.m\/ <che.t\.ra.m\.\>

fem. .cheating.
2U4k /cu.t\k/ <chuu.\.k\> advb. .by

retail.
2U42a4 /cu.ca/ <chuu.\.cha.\> fem.
a concession.
2U4vu& /cu.vu~/ <chuu.\.vu~> v.intr. .1.to
be free 2. to be relieved.
2U4a2e6a /cu.a.ce.a/ <chuu.a.che.a>
masc. .a divorce.
2U4u& /cu.tu~/ <chuu.u~> adj. .free.
2Upu& /cu.pu~/ <chuu.pu~> adj. .1.
concealed 2. secret.
2U&d8u& /cu~n.d\.u~/ <chuu~.d\.u~> neut.
.tattoo.
2U&do /cu~.do/ <chu~.do> masc. .minced
pickle.
2ek /cek/ <che.k\> advb. .entirely.
2ekvu& /cek.vu~/ <che.k\.vu~> v.tr. .to
strike.
2etram8u& /cet.ram.u~/
<che.t\.ra.m\.u~> adj. .deceitful.
2etaXIs /ce.ta.i.s/ <che.ta.ii.s\> adj. .
forty six.
2ed /ced/ <che.d\> masc. .a cut.
2edvu& /ced.vu~/ <che.d\.vu~> v.tr. .to cut.
2eLlu& /cel.lu~/ <che.llu~> adj. .last.
2ev4e /ce.v\.e/ <che.v\.e> advb. .at
last.
2okrmt /co.k\r.m\t/ <cho.k\.r\.m\.t\>
adj. . childish.
2okrI /cok.ri/ <cho.k\.rii> fem. .a girl.
2okru& /cok.ru~/ <cho.k\.ru~> neut. .a
child.
2okro /cok.ro/ <cho.k\.ro> masc. .a
boy.
2e6tI /ce.ti/ <che.\.tii> fem. .a prank.
2o6vu& /co.vu~/ <cho.\.vu~> v.tr..1. to

release 2. to free 3. to untie.
2e6vu& /ce.vu~/ <che.\.vu~> v.tr. .to

tease.
2otru& /cot.ru~/ <cho.t\.ru~> neut. .a peel.
65
2ol /col/ <cho.t\.ru~> masc. .woodscraping
2olvu& /col.vu~/ <cho.l\.vu~> v.tr. .1. to
scrape 2. peel.
2oter /co.ter/ <cho.te.r\> adj. .seventysix.
j8 /\/ <\> neut. .1. an individual 2.

a person.
j8vu& /\.vu~/ <\.\.vu~> v.tr. .to give a
birth.
j8avvu& /\.av.vu~/ <\.a.v\.vu~> v.tr.
.to inform.
2\yasI /cja.si/ <chja.sii> adj. .eighty-six.

jtn /\.t\n/ <\.ka.t\> neut. .care.
jNm /\n.m\/ <\.nm\> masc. .birth.
j /\/ <\> part.. emphasis marker.
jnm /\.n\m/ <\.n\.m\> masc. .birth.
jkat /\.kat/ <\.ka.t\> fem. .custom

duty.
jNmku&6XI /\.nm\.ku.\.i/
<\.nm\.ku~.\.ii> fem. .a horoscope.
jk\kI /\k.ki/ <\.kkii> adj. .stubborn.
jNm4Ip /\n.m\.ip/ <\.nm\.ii.p\>

fem. .a life time imprisonment.
j`m /\.k\m/ <\.kh\.m\> masc. .a

wound.
jgt /\.g\t/ <\.g\.t\> neut. .the world.
jNmaQ4mI /\n.ma.\.mi/
<\.nma.s\.mii> fem. .Lord Krishnas
birth day.
j6 /\/ <\.\> adj. .inanimate.
jnmojnm /\n.mo.\.n\m/
<\.n\.mo.\.n\.m\> advb. .in each
birth.
j6bato6 /\.ba.to/ <\.\.ba.to.\>

adj. . irrefutable.
jp /\p/ <\.p\> masc. .1. a muttering

of a deitys name, 2. recition.
j6bu& /\.bu~/ <\.\.bu~> neut. .the jaw.
jpvu& /\p.vu~/ <\.p\.vu~> v.tr. .to mutter

s deitys name as a part of some ritual.
jGya /\.gja/ <\.gja> fem. .a place.
j6-rt /\.b\.r\t/ <\.\.bh\.r\.t\>

adj. stupid.
j6vu& /\.vu~/ <\.\.vu~> v.tr. .to fix
things with nails etc.
j6vu& /\.vu~/ <\.\.vu~> v.dat.. to
regain a lost thing.
jm8 /\.m\/ <\.m\.\> neut. .a

formal dinner.
jm8var /\.m\.var/ <\.m\.\.va.r\>
masc. .a formal community dinner.
jm8u& /\m.u~/ <\.m\.u~> adj. .right.
66
jmvu& /\m.vu~/ <\.m\.vu~> v.tr. .1. to

eat, 2. dine (formal).
jvab /\.vab/ <\.va.b\> masc. .answer.

jvu& /\.vu~/ <\.vu~> v.intr. .to go.
jma /\.ma/ adj. .<\.ma> 1. of the

credit side 2. accumulated.
j= /\/ <\.\> masc. .reputation.
jma; /\.ma.i/ <\.ma.ii> masc. .a sonin-law.
jhaj /\.ha/ <\.ha.\> neut. .a large

ship.
jmat /\.mat/ <\.ma.t\> fem. .a body of

monks.
j&gl /\.g\l/ <\~.g\.l\> neut. .a forest.
jmadar /\.ma.dar/ <\.ma.da.r\> masc.

.a head of a small police unit.
jmano /\.ma.no/ <\.ma.no> masc. .an
age or era.
jmIn /\.min/ <\.mii.n\> fem. .land.
jr /\r/ <\.r\> neut. .wealth.
jr` /\.r\k/ <\.r\.kh\> neut. .a wild
animal.
j&tu /\n.tu/ <\~.tu~> neut. .an insect.

j&p /\m.p\/ <\~.p\> masc. ..ease 2.
peace.
jagr8 /ag.r\/ <a.g\.r\.\> neut. .1.
sleeplessness 2. a religious vow of the
women.
jagvu& /ag.vu~/ <a.g\.vu~> v.intr. .to
wake from sleep.
jajm /a.\m/ <a.\.m\> fem. .a carpet.
jra /\.ra/ <\.ra> advb. .a little.
jajru& /a.ru~/ <a.\.ru~> neut. .a latrine.
jldI ~ jLdI /\l.di/ <\.l\.dii> ~ <\.ldii>

advb. .quickly.
jajrman /a.\r.man/ <a.\.r\.ma.n\>

adj. .glorious.
jlso /\l.so/ <\.l\.so> masc. .a meeting

for entertainment.
ja6a; /a.ai/ <a.a.ii> fem. .thickness.
jlebI /\.le.bi/ <\.le.bii> fem. .a kind of

sweet.
jLlad /\l.lad/ <\.lla.d\> masc. .an
executioner.
jv /\v/ <\.v\> masc. .barley.
jvLle /\.v\l.le/ <\.v\.lle> advb. .rarely.
ja6u& /a.u~/ <a.u~> adj. .1. fat 2. thick.

ja8 /a/ <a.\> fem. .information.
ja8vu& /a.vu~/ <a.\.vu~> v.tr. .to know.
ja8Itu& /a.i.tu~/ <a.ii.tu~> adj. .famous.
ja8e /a.e/ <a.e> advb. .as if.
67
jat /at/ <a.t\> fem. .1.a tribe 2. a caste
3. a community.
jamIn /a.min/ <a.mii.n\> masc. .a

surety.
jatkma; /at.k\.ma.i/ <a.t\.k\.ma.ii>

fem. self-earned income.
javk /a.v\k/ <a.v\.k\> fem. .being

dispatched.
jait /a.ti/ <a.ti> fem. .1. a caste 2. a

group 3. a community.
jasUs /a.sus/ <a.suu.s\> masc. .1. a

spy 2. a detective 3. a secret agent.
jatIy /a.ti.j\/ <a.tii.j\> adj. .sexual.
jaso /a.so/ <a.so> masc. .a threatening

letter written anonymously.
jate /a.te/ <a.te> advb. .personally.

ja{aa /at.ra/ <a.tra> fem. .a pilgrim.
jadu /a.du/ <a.du> masc. .a magic.
jan /an/ <a.n\> fem. .a marriage party
of the bridegroom.
jaher /a.her/ <a.he.r\> adj. .1. open 2.

public.
jaherat /a.he.rat/ <a.he.ra.t\> fem.
.1.an advertisement 2. a notification 3.
an announcement.
jan /an/ <a.n\> masc. .the jiva (life).
jaX /a/ <a.\> fem. .a net of a hunter

or a fisherman.
janmal /an.mal/ <a.n\.ma.l\> masc.

.life and property.
jaXv8I /a.\v.i/ <a.\.v\.ii> fem.

.preservation.
janvr /an.v\r/ <a.n\.v\.r\> neut. .an

animal.
jaiXyu& /a.i.ju~/ <a.i.ju~> neut. .a kind of

ventilator.
janEyo /a.n\i.jo/ <a.n\i.jo> masc. .a

member of the bride grooms marriage
party.
ja&3 /a~.g\/ <a~.gh\> fem. .the thigh.
jap /ap/ <a.p\> masc. .recitation.
ja&bu /a~m.bu/ <a~.bu> neut. .a kind of

berry.
jam /am/ <a.m\> masc. .a glass.
ij@ivqa /i.i.vi.a/ <i.ii.vi.sa> fem. .a

desire for life.
jamfX /am.p\/ <a.m\.ph\.\> neut. .a

guava.
ij}aasa /i.gna.sa/ <i.gna.sa> fem.

.curiosity.
jamvu& /am.vu~/ <a.m\.vu~> v.intr. .1. to

be solidify 2. to congeal 3. to get
assembled.
ijd /id/ <i.d\> fem. .obstinacy.

ijI /id.di/ <i.ddii> adj. obstinate.
68
ijLlo /il.lo/ <i.llo> masc. .a district.
ij&dgI /ind.gi/ <ii~.d\.gii> fem. .life.
@v-xI /iv.b\k.i/ <ii.v\.bh\.kshii>

adj. . carnivorous.
@vle8 /iv.le/ <ii.v\.le.\> adj. .fatal.
@t /it/ <ii.t\> fem. .victory.

@tvu& /it.vu~/ <ii.t\.vu~> v.intr. .to win.
@n /in/ <ii.n\> neut. .a kind of ghost.
@n /in/ <ii.n\> neut. .a saddle.
@vvu& /iv.vu~/ <ii.v\.vu~> v.intr. .1. to be

alive 2. to exist.
@vs4os4 /iv.s\.o.s\/
<ii.v\.s\.o.s\.\> advb. .at the risk of
the life.
@- /i.b/ <ii.bh\> fem. .the tongue.
@va8u& /i.va.u~/ <ii.va.u~> masc. .a

bacterium.
@-ajo6I /i.ba.o.i/ <ii.bha.o.ii>

fem. .a quarrel.
@vat /i.vat/ <ii.va.t\> fem. .insects.
@rvvu& /i.r\v.vu~/ <ii.r\.v\.vu~> v.tr. .to

digest.
@vaTma /i.vat.ma/ <ii.va.tma> masc.

.embodied soul.
@ru& /i.ru~/ <ii.ru~> neut. .cumin seed.
jugl /u.g\l/ <u.g\.l\> neut. .1. a pair

2. a couplet.
@v /iv/ <ii.v\> masc. .embodied soul.

@vj&tu& /iv.\n.tu~/ <ii.v\.\~.tu~> neut.
.insects.
@v6u& /iv.u~/ <ii.v\.u~> neut. .a small
insect.
jugar /u.gar/ <u.ga.r\> masc.

.gambling.
jugarI /u.ga.ri/ <u.ga.rii> masc. .a
gambler.
@vtr /iv.t\r/ <ii.v\.t\.r\> neut. .life.
juguPsa /u.gup.sa/ <u.gu.psa> fem.

.nausea.
@vtu& /iv.tu~/ <ii.v\.tu~> adj. .living.
ju5\5u /u.u~/ <u.hhu~> adj. .lie.
@vdya /iv.d\.ja/ <ii.va.d\.ja> fem.

.kindness to all living beings.
juda; /u.da.i/ <u.da.ii> fem.

.separation.
@vn /i.v\n/ <ii.v\.n\> neut. .life.
ju\du& /u.du~/ <u.du~> adj. .separate.
@vncir{a /i.v\n.c\.rit.r\/
<ii.v\.n\.c\.ri.tr\> neut. .biography.
junva8I /un.va.ni/ <u.n\.va.ii> adj.

.orthodox.
69
jubanI /u.ba.ni/ <u.ba.nii> fem. .oral
testimony.
jev6u& /ev.u~/ <e.v\.u~> adj. .as large

as.
jumlo /um.lo/ <u.m\.lo> masc. .total

Ex. total runs in criket.
jevu& /e.vu~/ <e.vu~> adj. .similar.
julab /u.lab/ <u.la.b\> masc.. laxative.

juvar /u.var/ <u.va.r\> fem. .a kind of
corn.
jehad /e.had/ <e.ha.d\> fem. .a

crusade.
jEn /ain/ <\i.n\> masc. .a Jain.
jEn /\in/ <\i.n\> masc. .Jain religion.
juSso /us.so/ <u.sso> masc. .energy.

jU /u/ <uu> fem. .a louse.
jEn /\in/ <\i.n\> adj. .pertaining to

Jain
religion.
jU; /u.i/ <u.ii> fem. .a kind of flower

plant.
jo /o/ <o> advb. .1. if 2. provided that.
jU5 /u/ <u.h\> neut. .a lie.
jo; /oi-/ <o.ii> v.dat.. to need. (the

only verb in Gujarati which does not
have infinitive -vu)& .
jU5u& /u.u~/ <u.hu~> adj. .untrue.
jo`m /o.k\m/ <o.kh\.m\> neut. .risk.
jU5u& /u.u~/ <hu.hu~> adj. .the left out

food.
jo`mavu& /o.k\.ma.vu~/ <o.kh\.ma.vu~>

v.intr. .to be at risk.
jU9 /ut/ <uu.th\> neut. .a group.
jo`vu& /ok.vu~/ <o.kh\.vu~> v.tr. .to

weigh.
jUj /u/ <uu.\> adj. .little.
jUnu& /u.nu~/ <uu.nu~> adj. .old.

je5 /e/ <e.h\> masc. .the eight month
of Vikram samvat.
je5 /e/ <e.h\> masc. .the husbands
elder brother.
jogva; /og.va.i/ <o.g\.va.ii> fem.

.provision.
joganu&jog /o.ga.nu~.og/ <o.ga.nu.o.g\>
advb. . incidentally.
jogI /o.gi/ <o.gii> masc. .a sadhu.
je5a8I /e.a.i/ <e.ha.ii> fem. .the

husbands elder brothers wife.
jo6 /o/ <o.\> fem. .a pair.
jel /el/ <e.l\> fem. .jail.
jo68I /o.i/ <o.\.ii> fem. .spelling.
70
jo68Iko= /o.i.ko/ <o.\.ii.ko.\>
masc. . spelling dictionary.
zgmgvu& /\g.m\g.vu~/
<h\.g\.m\.g\.vu~> v.intr. to glitter.
jo6vu& /o.vu~/ <o.\.vu~> v.tr. .1. to

connect 2. to join.
zgmga4 /\g.m\.ga/ <h\.g\.m\.ga.\>

masc. . glaring light.
jo6axr /o.a.k\r/ <o.a.k\.r\> masc.

.a conjunct consonant.
z36aòr /\g.a.kor/
<h\.g\.a.kho.r\> adj. . quarrelsome.
jo6ajo6 /o.a.o/ <o.a.o.\> advb.

.side by side.
z36az36I /\g.a.\g.i/
<h\.g\.a.h\.g\.ii> fem. quarreling.
jo6a8 /o.a/ <o.a.\> neut. .1. a

connection 2. a joint.
jo6Iyu& /o.i.ju~/ <o.ii.ju~> adj. .twin.
jo6I /o.i/ <o.ii> fem. .a pair.
jo6o /o.o/ <o.o> masc. .a shoe.
jor /or/ <o.r\> neut. .strength.
jovu& /o.vu~/ <o.vu~> v.tr. .to look.
jyar9I /jar.ti/ <ja.r\.thii> advb. .since.
jyare /ja.re/ <ja.re> advb. .when.
jya& /ja~/ <ja~> advb. .where.
jyot /jot/ <jo.t\> fem. .a flame.
z36o /\g.o/ <h\.gh\.o> masc. .a

quarrel.
zzUmvu& /\.um.vu~/ <h\.huu.m\.vu~>
v.intr. .1. to hand over 2. to struggle on.
z4 /\/ <h\.\> advb. .quickly.
z4kvu& /\.\k.vu~/ <h\.\.k\.vu~> v.tr.
.to jerk.
z4ko /\.ko/ <\.\.ko> masc. .a sharp
blow.
z4p4 /\.p\/ <h\.\.p\.\> advb.
.hurriedly.
z6tI /\.ti/ <h\.\.tii> fem. .a
confiscation.
z6p /\.\p/ <h\.\.p\> fem. .speed.
jyoitqI /jo.ti.i/ <jo.ti.sii> masc. .an

astrologer.
jvaXamuÌ /va.a.mu.ki/
<va.a.mu.khii> masc. .a volcano.
z6pvu& /\.\p.vu~/ <h\.\.p\.vu~> v.tr.

.to seize.
z6pI /\.pi/ <h\.\.pii> adj. .speedy.
z8z8 /\.\/ <h\.\.h\.\>
masc. .a tinkling sound.
71
zpazpI /\.pa.\.pi/ <h\.pa.h\.pii>
fem. .a scuffle.
zXzXIya& /\.\.i.ja~/ <h\.\.h\.ii.ja~>

neut. pl.. tears welled up in the eyes.
zbkvu& /\.b\k.vu~/ <h\.b\.k\.vu~>

v.intr. .1. to flash 2.to twinkle.
zXu&zXu& /\.u~..u~/ <h\.u~.h\.u~> neut.

.twilight.
zbkaro /\b.ka.ro/ <h\.b\.ka.ro> masc.

.a flash of light.
zXhXvu& /\.h\.vu~/ <h\.\.h\.\.vu~>

v.intr. .to shine brightly.
zbkoXvu& /\b.ko.vu~/ <h\.b\.ko.\.vu~>

v.tr. .to soak in a liquid.
z&`na /\.k\.na/ <h\~.kh\.na> fem.

.an intense desire.
zbUkvu& /\.buk.vu~/ <h\.buu.k\.vu~>

v.intr.
1. to flash 2. to twinkle.
z&`vavu& /\k.va.vu~/ <h\~.kh\.va.vu~>

v.intr. .to be crestfallen.
z-lu& /\.blu~/ <h\.bh\.lu~> neut. .a

childs frock.
z_-o /\.bbo/ <h\.bhbho> masc. .a
long loose gown.
zmvu& /\m.vu~/ <h\.m\.vu~> v.intr. .to
ooze.
zr8u& /\r.u~/ neut. .1. a stream 2. a
rivulet.
zrmr /\r.m\r/ <\.r\.m\.r\> advb. .a
type of slow rain.
zrvu& /\r.vu~/ <h\.r\.vu~> v.intr. .to
dribble.
z&`vu& /\k.vu~/ <h\~.kh\.vu~> v.tr. .to

desire something eagerly.
z&z4 /\.\/ <h\~.h\.\> fem.
.useless discussion.
z&zavat /\.a.vat/ <h\~.ha.va.t\>
masc. .a cyclone.
z&6o /\.o/ <h\~.o> masc. .a flag.
z&plavvu& /\mp.lav.vu~/
<h\~.p\.la.v\.vu~> v.intr. .to start some
work without considering risk factors.
zakX /a.k\/ <ha.k\.\> fem. .dew.
zazu& /a.u~/ <ha.hu~> adj. .plentiful.
zruò /\.ru.ko/ <h\.ru.kho> masc. .a

balcony.
za4kvu& /a.\k.vu~/ <ha.\.k\.vu~> v.tr.

.1. to winnow 2. to scold.
zro /\.ro/ <h\.ro> masc. .a stream.
za6 /a/ <ha.\> neut. .a tree.
zverat /\.ve.rat/ neut. .jewelry.
za6vu& /a.vu~/ <ha.\.vu~> v.tr. .to

clean by sweeping.
zXkvu& /\.\k.vu~/ <h\.\.k\.vu~> v.intr.

.to shine.
72
za6I /a.i/ <ha.ii> fem. .a dense
bush.
za6u& /a.u~/ <ha.u~> neut. .a broom.
za6o /a.o/ <ha.o> masc. .excretion.
zap4vu& /a.p\.vu~/ <ha.p\..vu~> v.tr. .to
clean by striking a piece of cloth.
zap4vu& /a.p\.vu~/ <ha.p\.\.vu~> v.tr.
.to eat speedily.
zap4u& /ap.u~/ <ha.p\.u~> neut. .a
sudden rain that comes for a short time.
zIlvu& /il.vu~/ <ii.l\.vu~> v.tr. .to catch.

zUkvu& /uk.vu~/ <huu.k\.vu~> v.intr. .to
bow.
zUzvu& /u.vu~/ <huu.h\.vu~> v.intr. .to
fight desperately.
zU&4vvu& /u~.\v.vu~/ <hu~.\.v\.vu~> v.tr.
.to snatch.
zU6vu& /u.vu~/ <huu.\.vu~> v.tr. .to
thrash.
zU6I /u.i/ <huu.ii> fem. .a small
bunch or bundle.
zar8 /a.r\/ <ha.r\.\> neut. .solder.

zarvu& /ar.vu~/ <ha.r\.vu~> v.tr. .to
solder.
zalr /a.l\r/ <ha.l\.r\> masc. .a kind
of pulse.
zalvu& /al.vu~/ <ha.l\.vu~> v.tr. .to hold
with hands.
zaX /a/ <ha.\> fem. .a flame (of
fire).
za&`ru& /a~k.ru~/ <a~.kh\.ru~> neut. .a
thorny shrub.
za&zr /a~.\r/ <ha~.h\.r\> neut. .a
jingling anklet.
zU6o /u.o/ <uu.o> masc. .a big

bunch or bundle.
zu&be= /um.be/ <hu~.be.\> fem. .a
movement.
zUmvu& /um.vu~/ <uu.m].vu~> v.intr. .to
hand over.
zUrvu& /ur.vu~/ <huu.r\.vu~> v.intr. .to
grieve for some thing or some person.
zUlvu& /ul.vu~/ <uu.l\.vu~> v.intr. .to
swing.
zulavvu& /u.lav.vu~/ <hu.la.v\.vu~> v.tr.
.1. to swing 2. to rock.
zU&p6u& /u~p.u~/ <hu~.p\.u~> neut. .a hut.
za&zrI /a~.ri/ <ha~.h\.rii> fem. .a

jingling anklet for children.
zer /er/ <he.r\> neut. .poison.
za&po /a~.po/ <ha~.po> masc. .a gate.
zerI /e.ri/ <he.rii> adj. .poisonous.
zI8u& /i.u~/ <hii.u~> adj. .small (in

size).
zerIlu& /e.ri.lu~/ <he.rii.lu~> adj.

.1.jealous 2. envious.
73
zokvu& /ok.vu~/ <ho.k\.vu~> v.intr. .to

doze.
zoku& /o.ku~/ <ho.ku~> neut. .a dozing.
4
4kvu& /\k.vu~/ <\.k\.vu~> v.intr. .1. to
survive 2. to last.
4kaw /\.ka.u/ <\.ka.u> adj. ..durable 2.
lasting.
4kavarI /\.ka.va.ri/ <\.ka.va.rii> fem.
.percentage.
4cko /\c.ko/ <\.c\.ko> masc. .a mild

stroke to cut a piece of wood.
4clI /\c.li/ <\.c\.lii> fem. .the last
finger.
4cUk6u& /\.cuk.u~/ <\.cuu.k\.u~> adj.
.very small.
44ar /\.ar/ <\.a.r\> adj. .stiff.
44\4u /\.u/ <\.u> neut. .1. a pony 2. a
lean horse.
4pkvu& /\.p\k.vu~/ <\.p\.k\.vu~> v.intr.
.to drip.
4ko /\.ko/ <\.ko> masc. .percentage.
4pkavvu& /t\p.kav.vu~/ <\.p\.ka.v\.vu~>

v.tr. 1. to write down briefly 2. to copy
out.
4kor /\.kor/ <\.ko.r\> fem. .1. a

suggestion, 2. a mild scolding.
4pku& /\p.ku~/ <\.p\.ku~> neut. .1. a drop

2. a dot.
4korvu& /\.kor.vu~/ <\.ko.r\.vu~> v.tr. .1.

to suggest 2. to scold mildly.
4p4p /\p.\p/ <\.p\.\.p\> advb. .to

prattle.
4k\kr /\k.k\r/ <\.kk\.r\> fem. .1. a

collision 2. a resistance.
4p/lI /\p.li/ <\.p\.lii> fem. .1. a light

stroke with a finger 2. a light slap.
4ko /t\.ko/ <\.ko> masc. .a shaved off

head.
4po4p /\.po.\p/ <\.po.\.p\> advb.

.one by one.
4gr 4gr /\.g\r \.g\r/

<\.g\.r\.\.g\.r\> advb. . with a fixed
gaze.
4pa4pI /\.pa.\.pi/ <\.pa.\.pii> fem. .a

hot exchange of words.
4gumgu /\.gu.m\.gu/ <\.gu.m\.gu>

advb. .1. shaking 2. shaking.
4ckavvu& /\c.kav.vu~/ <\.c\.ka.v\.vu~>
v.tr. .to cut with a stroke.
4parvu& /\.par.vu~/ <\.pa.r\.vu~> v.tr. .to

warn in a mild language.
4pal /\.pal/ <\.pa.l\> fem. .1. post 2.
mail.
4palI /\.pa.li/ <\.pa.lii> masc. .a
postman.
74
4bUk6u& /\.buk.u~/ <\.bu.k\.u~> adj. .a

very small.
4mkvu& /\.m\k.vu~/ <\.m\.k\.vu~> v.intr.
.to twinkle slowly.
4hU&ko /\.hu~.ko/ <\.huu~.ko> masc. .a
birds cooing.
4a&kI /a~.ki/ <a~.kii> fem. .a tank (of some

liquid).
4a&ko /a~.ko/ <a~.ko> masc. .a stitch.
4a&g /a~g/ <a~.g\> fem. .a leg
(derogatory use).
4a&gvu& /a~g.vu~/ <a~.g\.vu> v.tr. .to hang.
4XvXvu& /\.v\.vu~/ <\.\.v\.\.vu~>

v.intr. .to wail.
4a&c8 /a~.c\/ <a~.c\.\> neut. .a short

note.
4Xvu& /\.vu~/ <\.\.vu~> v.intr. .to be

removed.
4a&i4yo /a~.i.jo/ <a~.i.jo> masc. .a leg

(derogatory).
4&k=aX /t\.k\.a/ <\~.k\.a.\> fem. .a

mint.
i4cavu& /i.ca.vu~/ <i.ca.vu~> v.intr. .1.to be

collided 2. to run errands vainly.
4&4o /\.o/ <\~.o> masc. .a quarrel.
i44o6I /i.o.i/ <i.o.ii> fem. .a kind of

bird.
4a7 /a/ <a.h\> fem. .cold.

4a7u& /a.u~/ <a.hu~> adj. .1. cold 2.
stale.
i4Pp8I /ip.p\.i/ <i.pp\.ii> fem. .a

commentary.
4Ik6I /ik.i/ <i.k\.ii> fem. .a pill.
4a8u& /a.u~/ <a.u~> neut. .occasion.

4Ika /i.ka/ <ii.ka> fem. .criticism.
4ap4Ip /ap.ip/ <a.p\.ii.p\> fem. .an
external pomp.
4I`X /i.k\/ <ii.kh\.\> neut. .a quip.
4apu /a.pu/ <a.pu> masc. .an island.
4Icvu& /ic.vu~/ <ii.c\.vu~> v.tr. .to forge.
4al /al/ <a.l\> fem. .baldness.
4Ipvu& /ip.vu~/ <ii.p\.vu~> v.tr. .to strike.
4aXvu& /a.vu~/ <a.\.vu~> v.tr. .1. to avoid

2. to avert.
4Ipu& /i.pu~/ <ii.pu~> neut. .a drop.
4a&k8I /a~k.i/ <a~.k\.ii> fem. .a pin.
4Il6I /il.i/ <ii.l\.ii> fem. .a small

mark on the forehead.
4a&kvu& /a~k.vu~/ <a~.k\.vu~> v.tr. .to chisel.
4IlI /i.li/ <i.li> fem. .a blot of disgrace.
75
4I&6oru& /i.o.ru~/ <i.o.ru~> neut. .a kind
of vegetable.
4oc /oc/ <o.c\> fem. .1. a peak 2. a top

part.
4uk6I /uk.i/ <uu.k\.ii> fem. .a team.
4ocvu& /oc.vu~/ <o.c\.vu~> v.tr. .to prick.
4uk6o /uk.o/ <u.k\.o> masc. .a piece.
4oplI /op.li/ <o.p\.lii> fem. .a small

basket.
4Ucko /uc.ko/ <u.c\.ko> masc. .1. a

black art 2. a joke.
4oplo /op.lo/ <o.p\.lo> masc. .a big

basket.
4uval /u.val/ <u.vo> masc. .a towel.

4opI /o.pi/ <o.pii> fem. .a cap.
4U&kavvu& /u~.kav.vu~/ <u~.ka.v\.vu~> v.tr. .1.
to shorten 2. to abridge.
4U&pvu& /u~p.vu~/ <u~.p\.vu~> v.tr. .to
remove grass.
4opo /o.po/ <o.po> masc. .a hat.

4oXkI /o.ki/ <o.\.kii> fem. .a gang.
4oXI /o.i/ <o.ii> fem. .a small group.
4U&po /u~.po/ <u~.po.> masc. .a strangling.

4oXu& /o.u~/ <o.u~> neut. .a crowd.
4ekrI /ek.ri/ <e.k\.rii> fem. .a hill.
4ekvvu& /e.k\v.vu~/ <e.k\v.vu~> v.tr. .to
prop.
4ekvu& /ek.vu~/ <e.k\.vu~> v.intr. .1. to
lean on 2. to be propped.
4eko /e.ko/ <e.ko> masc. .1. a support 2.
a prop.
4ervu& /er.vu~/ <e.r\.vu~> neut. .a tip (of
finger).
5
5g /\g/ <h\.g\> masc. . a cheat.
5gvu& /\g.vu~/ <h\.g\.vu~> v.tr. .to
cheat.
5ga; /\.ga.i/ <h\.ga.ii> fem. .cheating.
5garu& /\.ga.ru~/ <h\.ga.ru~> adj.
deceitful.
4ev /ev/ <e.v]> fem. .a habit.

4evavu& /e.va.vu~/ <e.va.vu~> v.intr. .to be
acquainted with.
4okvu& /ok.vu~/ <\.ko.vu~> v.tr. .to blame
a person for his or her fault.
5p/ko /\p.ko/ <h\.p\.ko> masc. .a

scolding.
5rvu& /\r.vu~/ <h\.r\.vu~> v.intr. .to
become cold.
5rvu& /\r.vu~/ <h\.r\.vu~> v.intr. .to be
stabilized.
76
5rav /\.rav/ <h\.r\.vu~> masc. .1.a

proposal 2. a resolution.
5alvvu& /a.l\v.vu~/ <ha.l\.v\.vu~> v.tr.

.to empty.
5alu& /a.lu~/ <ha.lu~> adj. empty.
5ravvu& /\.rav.vu~/ <h\.ra.v\.vu~>

v.tr..1. to fix 2. to decide.
5rel /\.rel/ <h\.re.l\> adj. .1.coolminded 2. wise.
5lvavu& /\l.va.vu~/ <h\.l\.va.vu~> v.intr.
.to be emptied.
5svu& /\s.vu~/ <h\.s\.vu~> v.intr. .to be
convinced.
5so5s /\.so.\s/ <h\.so.th\.s\> advb.
full to the mouth.
5iXyo /\.i.jo/ <h\.i.jo> masc. .the
stone of a fruit.
5&6k /\.\k/ <h\~.\.k\> fem.
.coldness.
5&6I /\.i/ <h\~.ii> fem. .cold.
5&6u& /t\.u~/ <h\~.u~> adj. .cold.
5akor /a.kor/ <ha.ko.r\> masc. .a
community.
5akor@ /a.kor.i/ <ha.ko.r\.ii> masc.
.a name of Lord Vishnu.
5a5 /a/ <ha.h\> masc. .pomp.
5a56I /a.i/ <ha.h\.ii> fem. .a
funeral bier.
5arvu& /ar.vu~/ <ha.r\.vu~> v.tr. .1. to
cool 2. to freeze 3. to pacify.
5avku& /av.ku~/ <ha.v\.ku~> adj. .1.

serious 2. cool-minded.
5a&svu& /a~s.vu~/ <ha~.s\.vu~> v.tr. .to fill
closely.
5Ik /ik/ <hii.k\> advb. .1. o.k. 2.
suitable.
5I&gravu& /ig.ra.vu~/ <hi~.g\.ra.vu~>
v.intr. .to suffer heavy cold.
5U&5vavu& /u~.va.vu~/ <hu~.h\.va.vu~>
v.intr. .to be troubled by heavy cold.
5U&5u& /u~.u~/ <hu~.hu~> neut. .1. the
stump of a tree 2. a stump of cigarette
etc.
5ek6I /ek.i/ <he.k\.ii> fem.
.mockery.
5ek5eka8e /ek.e.ka.e/
<he.k\.he.ka.e> advb. . everywhere.
5ek6o /ek.o/ <he.k\.o> masc. .a
jump.
5ekvu& /ek.vu~/ <he.k\.vu~> v.intr. .to
jump or peap over.
5eka8u& /te.ka.u~/ <he.ka.u~> neut. .1.an
address 2. a place 3. a location.
5er 5er /er.er/ <he.r\.he.r\> advb.
everywhere.
77
5ervvu& /e.r\v.vu~/ <he.r\.v\.vu~> v.intr.
.to fix the price.
6gvu& /\g.vu~/ <\.g\.vu~> v.intr. .to

become unstable.
5elvu& /el.vu~/ <he.l\.vu~> v.tr. .to puch

forward.
6gXu& /\g.u~/ <\.g\.u~> neut. .1. a big

slice of fruit 2. a piece of wood.
5elo /e.lo/ <he.lo> masc. .a puch.
63avu& /\.ga.vu~/ <\.gha.vu~> v.intr. .to

be stunned.
5e= /e/ <he.\> fem. .a light kick.

64\4o /\.o/ <\.o> masc. .a cork.
5okr /o.k\r/ <ho.k\.r\> fem. .a
stumbling.
5okvu& /ok.vu~/ <ho.k\.vu~> v.tr. .1. to
strike against 2. to hammer.
5ok&5ok /o.k\m.ok/ <ho.k\~.ho.k\>
advb.
an act of striking repeatedly.
5o5 /o/ <ho.h\> adj. stupid.
5o&so /o~.so/ <ha~.so> masc. .a fist blow.
68kvu& /\.\k.vu~/ <\.\.k\.vu~> v.intr.

.to roar.
6f8u& /\p.u~/ <\.ph\.u~> neut. .a
short thick staff.
6blu& /\b.lu~/ <\.b\.lu~> neut. .a tin
box.
6bI /\.bi/ <\.bii> fem. .a small
metalic, wooden or ivory box.
6bo /\.bo/ <\.bo> masc. .a large tinbox.
6ò /\.ko/ <\.kho> masc. .1.

confusion 2. a dispute 3. a quauurel.
6mro /\m.ro/ <\.m.ro> masc. .a kind

of fragrant plant.
6gmg /\g.m\g/ <\.g\.m\.g\> adj.

unstable.
6r /\r/ <\.r\> masc. .fear.
6gmgvu& /\g.m\g.vu~/ <\.g\.m\.g\.vu~>

v.intr. .to become unstable.
6glu& /\g.lu~/ <\.g\.lu~> neut. .a jacket.
6glu& /\g.lu~/ <\.g\.lu~> neut. .a
footstep.
6glo /\g.lo/ <\.g\.lo> masc. .a coat.
6rpok /\r.pok/ adj. . craven.

6rvu& /\r.vu~/ <\.r\.vu~> v.intr. .to fear.
6ram8u& /\.ra.m\.u~/ <\.ra.m\.u~>
adj. . frightening.
6svu& /\s.vu~/ <\.s\.vu~> v.tr. .to bite
(of serpent etc).
6hap8 /\.ha.p\/ <\.ha.p\.\> neut.
wisdom.
78
6hoXvu& /\.ho.vu~/ <\.ho.\.vu~> v.tr.

.to dirty liquid by shaking.
6hoXu& /\.ho.u~/ <\.ho.u~> adj. .dirty
(water).
6&` /\.k\/ <\~.kh\> masc. .a sting.
6&`vu& /\k.vu~/ <\~.kh\.vu~> v.intr. .to
sting.
6&Ìlu& /\.ki.lu~/ <\~.khii.lu~> adj.
vindictive.
6&fa= /\m.pa/ <\~.pha.\> fem.
boastfulness.
6ak8 /a.k\/ <a.k\.\> fem. .a witch.
6am /am/ <a.m\> masc. .a burn given

as a part of a ritual or a custom.
6amvu& /am.vu~/ <a.m\.vu~> v.tr. .to
give a burn as a part of a ritual or a
custom.
6ama6oX /a.ma.o/ <a.ma.o.\> adj.
.1. unsteady 2. chaotic.
6aX /a/ <a.\> fem. .a branch of a
tree.
6a&`XI /~k.i/ <a~.kh\.ii> fem. .1. a
tender offshoot 2. a thin branch.
6a&gr /a~.g\r/ <a~.g\.r\> fem. .peddy.
6a&6 /a~/ <a~.\> adj. .1. shameless 2.
bullying.
6aku /a.ku/ <a.ku> masc. .robber.

6a3 /ag/ <a.gh\> masc. .1. a blot 2. a
stain 3. a spot.
6a&i6yo /a~.i.jo/ <a~..jo> masc. .1. a

drumstick 2. a small stick used to play a
Raas - a kind of collective dance.
6ai3yu& /a.gi.ju~/ <a.ghi.ju~> adj. .wild

(usually used to modify a dog.).
6a&6I /a~.i/ <a~.ii> fem. .a small thin

stick.
6a3u& /a.gu/ <a.ghu~> masc. pl..a

member of a funeral procession.
6uk\kr /uk.k\r/ <u.kk\.r\> neut. .a

pig.
6a3o /a.go/ <a.gho> masc. .a spot.
6U&gr /u.g\r/ <uu~.g\.r\> masc. .a

small mountain.
6acu& /a.cu~/ <a.cu~> neut. .the mouth

(derogatory).
6abu& /a.bu~/ <a.bu~> adj. .left.
6aberI /a.be.ri/ <a.be.rii> adj. .leftist.
6abo6I /a.bo.i/ <a.bo.ii> adj. .lefthanded.
6&ugraX /ug.ra/ <uu~.g\.ra.\> adj.

mountainous.
6u&grI /ug.ri/ <u~.g\.rii> fem. .a hill.
6u&gXI /ug.i/ <u~.g\.ii> fem. .an
onion.
6Uco /u.co/ <uu.co> masc. .a roll of
rags or papers.
79
6UbkI /ub.ki/ <uu.b\.kii> fem. .a dive.
7glo /\g.lo/ <h\.g\.lo> masc. .1. a

pile 2. a heap.
6Ubvu& /ub.vu~/ <u.b\.vu~> v.intr. .1. to

sink 2. to drown.
7glab&0 /\g.la.b\nd/
<h\.g\.la.b\~.dh\> adj. . abundant.
6Umo /u.mo/ <u.mo> masc.

.suffocation caused by sobbing.
7cupcu /\.cu.p\.cu/ <h\.cu.p\.chu>

advb. .1. wavering 2. hesitating.
6Usku& /us.ku~/ <u.s\.ku~> neut. .a sob.
7b /\b/ <h\.b\> fem. .1.a style 2. a

method.
6U&4I /u~.i/ <uu~.ii> fem. .the navel.

6U&6U& /u.u~/ <uu~.uu~> neut. .an ear
of corn.
7s6vu& /\.s\.vu~/ <h\.s\.\.vu~> v.tr.

.to drag.
6ok /ok/ <o.k\> fem. .the neck.
7Xvu& /\.vu~/ <h\.\.vu~> v.intr. .1. to

come out (of liquid) 2. to incline.
6oikyu& /o.ki.ju~/ <o.ki.ju~> neut. .a

glance.
7&kavu& /\.ka.vu~/ <h\~.ka.vu~> v.intr.

.to be covered.
6oku& /o.ku~/ <o.ku~> neut. .the head.
7&g /\g/ <h\~.g\> masc. .manners.
6o6o /o.o/ <o.o> masc. .a spike of

maize.
7&7ero /\.e.ro/ <h\~.he.ro> masc.

proclamation.
6obu& /o.bu~/ <o.bu~> neut. .a buffalo.
7&7oXvu& /\.o.vu~/ <h\~.ho.\.vu~>

v.tr. to shake soneone to awake him or
her.
6obu& /o.bu~/ <o.bu~> adj. 1.dull 2.

stupid.
6ol /ol/ <o.l\> fem. .a bucket.
6olvu& /ol.vu~/ <o.l\.vu~> v.intr. .1. to
swing 2. to oscillate.
7ak7oX /ak.o/ <ha.k\.ho.\>

masc. outward appearance.
7al /al/ <ha.l\> fem. .a shield.
7aX /a/ <ha.l\> masc. .a slpoe.
6o=I /o.i/ <o.ii> fem. .an old woman.

6oXo /o.o/ <o.o> masc. .the eyeball.
7aXvu& /a.vu~/ <ha.\.vu~> v.tr. .1.to

lower 2. to let incline downwards 3. to
mould with a die.
7a&k8 /a~.k\/ <ha~.k\.\> neut. .a
cover.
80
7a&k8u& /a~k.u~/ <ha~.k\.u~> neut. .a

cover.
tk /t\k/ <t\.k\> fem. .opportunity.
7a&kvu& /a~k.vu~/ <ha.k\.vu~> v.tr. .1. to

cover 2. to shut with a lid.
tktkvu& /t\k.t\k.vu~/ <t\.k\.t\.k\.vu~>

v.intr. to glitter.
7Il /il/ <hii.l\> fem. .a delay.
tkrar /t\k.rar/ <t\.k\.ra.r\> fem. .a

quarrel.
7Ilu& /i.lu~/ <hii.lu~> adj. .loose.

7I&glI /ig.li/ <hii~.g\.lii> fem. .a doll.
7I&c8 /i~.c\/ <hii~.c\.\> masc.
.knee.
7I&cvu& /i~c.vu~/ <hii~.c\.vu~> v.tr. .to
drink excessively.
7ebru& /eb.ru~/ <he.b\.ru~> neut. .a food
item.
7okXI /ok.i/ <ho.k\.ii> fem. .a food
item.
7okXu& /ok.u~/ <ho.k\.u~> neut. .a
food item.
7or /or/ <ho.r\> neut. .cattle.
7ol /ol/ <ho.\> masc. .a kind of
drum.
7olI /o.li/ <ho.lii> masc. .a drummer.
7oX /o/ <ho.\> masc. .metalplating.
7oXvu& /o.vu~/ <ho.\.vu~> v.tr. .to
spill.
7o&g /~.g\/ <ho~.g\> masc. .1.false
show 2. disguise.
tkladI /t\k.la.di/ <t\.k\.la.dii> adj.

.fragile.
tklIf /t\k.lip/ <t\.k\.lii.ph\> fem.
trouble.
tkIyo /t\.ki.jo/ <t\.kii.jo> masc. .a
pillow.
tkedarI /t\.ke.da.ri/ <t\.ke.da.rii> fem. .a
watch.
t`to /t\k.to/ <t\.kh\.to> masc. .the
stage.
tg6o /t\g.o/ <t\.g\.o> masc. .the
figure 3.
tgtgvu& /t\g.t\g.vu~/ <t\.g\.t\.g\.vu~>
v.intr. to glitter.
tgaru& /t\.ga.ru~/ <t\.ga.ru~> neut. .a broad
mouthed bucket.
tge6vu& /t\.ge.vu~/ <t\.ge.\.vu~> v.tr. .to
cause to run away.
tj /t\/ <t\.\> masc. .cinnamon.
tjvIj /t\.vi/ <t\.\.vii.\> fem.
.planning.
tjvu& /t\.vu~/ <t\.\.vu~> v.tr. .to
renounce.
81
tj}a /t\.\.gn\/ <t\.\.gn\> adj. .expert.

t4 /t\/ <t\.\> masc. .a shore.
t4S9 /t\.\s.t\/ <t\.\.sth\> adj.
.neutral.
t6 /t\/ <t\.\> fem. .a crack.
t6 /t\/ <t\.\> neut. .a subdivision of
a caste.
t6ko /t\.ko/ <t\.\.ko> masc.
.sunshine.
t6ko2a&y6o /\.ko.ca~j.o/
<t\.\.ko.cha~.j\.o> masc. .a cycle of
happiness and unhappiness.
t6kI.2a&y6I /\.ki.ca~j.i/
<t\.\.kii.cha~.j\.ii> fem. ..a cycle of
happiness and unhappiness.
t6f6 /t\.p\/ <t\.\.ph\.\> advb.
instantly.
t6f6vu& /t\.p\.vu~/ <t\.\.ph\.\.vu~>
v.intr. .to struggle hard hopelessly.
t6amar /t\.a.mar/ <t\.a.ma.r\> advb.
nonstop.
t8`lu& /t\.\.k\.lu~/ <t\.\.kh\.lu~>
neut. .a straw.
t8ò /t\.ko/ <t\.\.kho> masc. .a
spark.
t8avu& /t\.a.vu~/ <t\.a.vu~> v.intr. .to be
dragged.
ttkal /t\t.kal/ <t\.t\.ka.l\> advb. .at

once.
tt6avvu& /t\t.av.vu~/ <t\.t\.a.v\.vu~>
v.tr. to rebuke.
t]v /t\t.v\/ <t\.tv\> neut. .an element.
t]v}aan /t\t.v\.gna.n\/ <t\.tv\.gna.n\>
neut. .philosphy.
t]v}aanI /t\t.v\.gna.ni/ <t\.tv\.gna.nii>
masc. .a philosopher.
t9a /t\.ta/ <t\.tha> conj.. and.
t9aip /t\.ta.pi/ <t\.tha.pi> advb. .even
then.
tdupra&t /t\.dup.ra~t/ <t\.d\.u.p\.ra~.t\>
advb. .1. in addition 2. moreover.
tn /t\n/ <t\.n\> neut. .the body
(human).
tpÌr /t\p.kir/ <t\.p\.khii.r\> fem.
.snuff.
tpvu& /t\p.vu~/ <t\.p\.vu~> v.intr. .1. to be
heated 2. to become angry.
tpas /t\.pas/ <t\.pa.s\> fem. .1.an
examination 2. a check up 3. an
investigation.
tpasvu& /t\.pas.vu~/ <t\.pa.s\.vu~> v.tr. .1.
to examine 2. to investigate.
tpelI /t\.pe.li/ <t\.pe.lii> fem. .a
cooking vessel.
tf6&cI /t\p.\.ci/ <t\.ph\.\~.cii> fem.
1. misappropriation 2. theft 3.
plagiarism.
82
tf6avvu& /t\p.av.vu~/ <t\.ph\.a.v\.vu~>

v.tr. .1. to misappropriate 2. to steal 3. to
plagiarize.
tfavt /t\.pa.v\t/ <t\.pha.v\.t\> masc.
.difference.
tbk\ko /t\.b\k.ko/ <t\.b\.kko> masc. .a
stage (in development).
tibyt /t\.bi.j\t/ <t\.bi.j\.t\> fem.
.health.
tbIb /t\.bib/ <t\.bii.b\> masc. .a
doctor.
tbelo /t\.be.lo/ <t\.be.lo> masc. .a
stable.
tmru& /t\m.ru~/ <t\.m\.ru~> neut. .cricket
(insect).
tm&co /t\.m\.co/ <t\.m\~.co> masc. .a
country made pistol.
tmaku& /t\.ma.ku~/ <t\.ma.ku~> fem.
.tobacco.
tmaco /t\.ma.co/ <t\.ma.co> masc. .a
slap.
tmam /t\.mam/ <t\.ma.m\> adj. .all.
tmaru& /t\.ma.ru~/ <t\.ma.ru~> adj. .yours.
tma=o /t\.ma.o/ <t\.ma.o> masc. .a
public show.
tme /t\.me/ <t\.me> pron.. you.
tr2o6vu& /t\r.co.vu~/ <t\.r\.cho.\.vu~>
v.tr. to renounce.
trt /t\.r\t/ <t\.r\.t\> advb. .. 1. at once

2. promptly.
trfe8 /t\r.pe/ <t\.r\.phe.\> fem.
.partiality.
trvra4 /t\r.v\.ra/ <t\.r\.v\.ra.\>
masc. .intense zeal.
trvu& /t\r.vu~/ <t\.r\.vu~> v.intr. .to swim.
trvu& /t\r.vu~/ <t\.r\.vu~> v.intr. .to float.
tr&g /t\.r\.g\/ masc. . <t\.r\~.g\> 1. a
ripple 2. imagination.
tr&gI /t\.r\.gi/ <t\.r\~.gi> adj.
.whimsical.
trap /t\.rap/ <t\.ra.p\> fem. .a sudden
attack.
trIke /t\.ri.ke/ <t\.rii.ke> advb. .in the
manner of.
tru8 /t\.ru/ <t\.ru.\> masc. .young.
tkR /t\r.k\/ <t\.rk\> masc. .1. an
inference 2. a hypothesis.
tkR=aS{a /t\r.k\.as.tr\/ <t\.rk\.a.str\>
neut. .logic.
tl /t\l/ <t\.l\> masc. .sesame.
tlp /t\.l\p/ <t\.l\.p\> fem. .a frenzied
desire.
tlpvu& /t\.l\p.vu~/ <t\.l\.p\.vu~> v.intr.
.to desire something or someone
intensely.
83
tlvar /t\l.var/ <t\.l\.va.r\> fem. .a
sward.
<ta.g\.\.dhi.nna> masc. .to spend

money carelessly.
tlsa&kXI /t\l.sa~k.i/ <t\.l\.sa~.k\.ii> fem.

.a kind of sweet made of sesame.
tagvu& /tag.vu~/ <ta.g\.vu~> v.intr. .to

estimate.
tvarI` /t\.va.rik/ <t\.va.rii.kh\> fem.

.a chronicle.
taj /ta/ <ta.\> masc. .a crown.
tsvIr /t\s.vir/ <t\.s\.vii.r\> fem. .a

photograph.
tajaklm /ta.a.k\.l\m/ <ta.a.k\.l\.m\>

fem. a postscript.
taju /ta.u/ <ta.u> adj. .fresh.
tXpdu& /t\.p\.du~/ <t\.\.p\.du~> adj. .1.

regional 2. local.
tXvu& /t\.vu~/ <t\.\.vu~> v.tr. .to fry.
tajetrma& /ta.e.t\r.ma~/ <ta.e.t\.r\.ma~>

advb. .recently.
tXa; /t\.a.i/ <t\.a.ii> fem. .a mattress.
ta8 /ta/ <ta.\> fem. .1. scarcity 2.

shortage.
t&tu /t\n.tu/ <t\~.tu> masc. .a fiber.
ta8 /ta/ <ta.\> fem. .a muscle strain.
t&{a /t\n.tr\/ <t\~.tr\> neut. .1.

management 2. administration.
ta8vu& /ta.vu~/ <ta.\.vu~> v.tr. .1. to

stretch 2. to drag.
t&{aI /t\n.tri/ <t\~.trii> masc. .editor.
taTkailk /tat.ka.lik/ <ta.tka.li.k\> advb.

immediately.
t&durSt /t\n.du.r\st/ <t\~.du.r\.st\> adj.

healthy.
t&durStI /t\.ndu.r\s.ti/ <t\.du.r\.stii>
fem. health.
t&bU /t\m.bu/ <t\~.bu> masc. .a tent.
t&bUro /t\m.bu.ro/ <t\~.buu.ro> masc. .a
kind of musical instrument.
takvu& /tak.vu~/ <ta.k\.vu~> v.tr. .1. to aim
at 2. to take a target.
takat /ta.kat/ <ta.ka.t\> fem. .strength.
tag6i0NNaa /ta.g\.din.na/
tai]vk /tat.tvik/ <ta.tvi.k\> adj.

philosophical.
tap /tap/ <ta.p\> masc. .sunshine (refers
to the heat and not the light).
tap8u& /tap.u~/ <ta.p\.u~> neut. .a
bonfire.
tapvu& /tap.vu~/ <ta.p\.vu~> v.intr. .to
warm up by sitting beside a fire place.
tab6tob /ta.b\.tob/ <ta.b\.\.to.b\>
advb. at once.
84
tar /tar/ masc. . <ta.r\> 1. a fiber 2. a
string 3. a thread.
ta&i{ak /ta~.trik/ <ta~.tri.k\> adj. .pertaining

to occultism.
tar /tar/ <ta.r\> masc. .a telegram.
ta&i{ak /ta~.trik/ <ta~.tri.k\> masc. .an

occultist.
tarvvu& /ta.r\v.vu~/ <ta.r\.v\.vu~> v.tr. .1.

to summarize 2. to prepare a balancesheet.
ta&bu& /ta~.bu~/ <ta~.bu~> neut. .copper.
taraj /ta.ra/ <ta.ra.\> adj. .ruined.
itjorI /ti.o.ri/ <ti.o.rii> fem. .1. a safe

2. a wardrobe.
tarI` /ta.rik/ <ta.rii.kh\> fem. .a date.
iti9 /ti.ti/ <ti.thi> fem. .a date according

to Hindu calander.
taru& /ta.ru~/ <ta.ru~> adj. .your (sing).

taro /ta.ro/ <ta.ro> masc. .a star.
taikRk /tar.kik/ <ta.rki.k\> adj. .logical.
talavelI /ta.la.ve.li/ <ta.la.ve.lii> fem. .a
strong facination.
talIm /ta.lim/ <ta.lii.m\> fem. .training.
taluko /ta.lu.ko/ <ta.lu.ko> masc. .a subdistrict.
tav /tav/ <ta.v\> masc. .fever.
tavvu& /tav.vu~/ <ta.v\.vu~> v.tr. .to purify
a thing by heating.
tavIj /ta.vi/ <ta.vii.\> neut. .1.
talisman 2. an amulet.
taXvu& /ta.vu~/ <ta.\.vu~> neut. .the
palate.
taXI /ta.i/ <ta.ii> fem. .a clapping.
ta&t8o /ta~t.o/ <ta~.t\.o> masc. .1.a
sting 2. a fiber 3. a thread.
itrSkar /ti.r\s.kar/ <ti.r\.ska.r\> masc.

.hatred.
itlk /ti.l\k/ <ti.l\.k\> neut. .an
auspicious mark on the forehead.
tIù& /ti.ku~/ <tii.khu~> adj. .1. hot 2.
acrid 3. bitter.
tI6 /ti/ <tii.\> neut. .a locust.
tI8u& /ti.u~/ <tii.u~> adj. .sharp.
tItI3o6o /ti.ti.go.o/ <tii.tii.gho.o>
masc. a grasshopper.
tIr /tir/ <tii.r\> neut. .an arrow.
tI9Rya{aa /tirt.ja.tra/ <tii.rth\.ja.tra> fem.
.a pilgrimage.
tI9RS9an /tirt.stan/ <ti.rth\.stha.n\>
neut. a pilgrimage place.
tIv/ /ti.vr\/ <tii.vr\> adj. .1. intense 2.
actuate.
tuC2 /tuc.c\/ <tu.cch\> adj.
.insignificant.
85
tumaÌ /tu.ma.ki/ <tu.ma.khii> fem.

.hot-tempered.
te6vu& /te.vu~/ <te.\.vu~> v.tr. .1.to invite

2. to carry a child.
te6u& /te.u~/ <te.u~> neut. .an invitation.
turt /tu.r\t/ <tu.r\.t\> advb. .at once.

tulna /tul.na/ <tu.l\.na> fem. .a
comparison.
te8I /te.i/ <te.ii> pron.. she. (mainly

in legal language)
tula /tu.la/ <tu.la> fem. .Libra.
tetalIs /te.ta.lis/ <te.ta.lii.s\> adj. .forty

three.
tuver /tu.ver/ <tu.ve.r\> fem. .a kind of

pulse.
te{aIs /te.tris/ <te.trii.s\> adj. .33 (thirty

three).
tu& /tu~/ <tu~> pron.. you (singular).
te9I /te.i/ <t\.thii> advb. .1. therefore

2. so 3. hense.
tU4vu& /tu.vu~/ <tu.\.vu~> v.intr. .to be

destroyed.
tem /tem/ <te.m\> advb. .in that manner.
tUt /tut/ <tu.t\> neut. .1. a lie 2. a hoax.
ter /ter/ <te.r\> adj. .thirteen,
tUtk /tu.t\k/ <tuu.t\.k\> neut. .a deck.
termu& /ter.mu~/ <te.r\.mu~> adj.

.thirteenth.
tUru& /tu.ru~/ <tu.ru~> adj. .astringent.

te /te/ <te> pron.. Third person singular
pronoun (He, She, It).
tej /te/ <te.\> adj. .1. speedy 2. intense
3. sharp-edued 4. active.
tej /te/ <te.\> neut. .light.
tejSvI /te.\.svi/ <te.\.svii> adj.
1.brilliant 2. shining.
tejab /te.ab/ <te.a.bii> masc. .acid.
termu& /ter.mu~/ <te.r\.mu~> neut. .the

religious ritual performed on the 13th day
after a persons death.
ter= /te.r\/ <te.r\.\> fem. .thirteenth
day of a bright or dark fortnight of the
Hindu calendar.
tel /tel/ <te.l\> neut. .oil.
te&talIs /t~.ta.lis/ <te.ta.lii.s\> adj. .forty
three.
te@ /te.i/ <te.ii> fem. .good business.
te&s5 /t~.s\/ <te~.s\.h\> adj. .sixty

three.
te4lu& /te.lu~/ <te.\.lu~> adj. .of a certain

proportion.
tEyar /t\i.jar/ <t\i.ja.r\> adj. .ready to

use.
86
tEyarI /t\i.ja.ri/ <t\i.ja.rii> fem.
.readiness.
tolo /to.lo/ <to.lo> masc. .an unit of

weight.
to /to/ <to> advb. .1.then 2. in that case.
toXvu& /to.vu~/ <to.l\.vu~> v.tr. .to weigh.
to26a; /toc.ai/ <to.ch\.a.ii> fem.

rudeness.
Tyjvu& /tj\.vu~/ <tj\.\.vu~> v.tr. .to

abandon.
to26u& /toc.u~/ <to.ch\.u~> adj. .blunt.
Tyag /tja.g\/ <tja.g\> masc.

.renunciation.
to4o /to.o/ <to.o> masc. .shortage.

to6 /to/ <to.\> masc. .1. a settlement
2. a compromise.
to6vu& /to.vu~/ <to.\.vu~> v.tr. .1. to
break 2. to pluck.
tot6u& /tot.u~/ <to.t\.u~> neut.
.stammering.
toit&g /to.ti.g\/ <to.ti~.g\> adj. .huge.
Tyagvu& /tjag.vu~/ <tja.g\.vu~> v.tr. .to

renounce.
TyagI /tja.gi/ <tja.gii> adj. .one who has
renounced material comforts.
TyagI /tja.gi/ <tja.gii> masc. .an ascetic.
Tyare /tja.re/ <tja.re> advb. .1. at taht time
2. then.
Tya=I /tja.i/ <tja.ii> adj. .eighty three.
toter /to.ter/ <to.te.r\> adj. .seventy

three.
Tya& /tja~/ <tja~> advb. .there.
top /top/ <to.p\> fem. .a cannon.
{a8 /tr\/ <tr\.\> adj. .three.
to p8 /to p\/ <to p\.\> advb. .even

then.
{aa4kvu& /tra.\k.vu~/ <tra.\.k\.vu~> v.intr.

.to raid or attack suddenly.
tofan /to.pan/ <to.pha.n\> neut. .1.riot

2. disturbance.
{aa6 /tra/ <tra.\> fem. .a roar.

{aa8u& /tra.u~/ <tra.u~> adj. .ninety three.
tofanI /to.pa.ni/ <to.pha.nii> adj.

mischievous.
tor8 /to.r\/ <to.r\.\> neut. .an arch
of a gate.
tol /tol/ <to.l\> masc. .1.weight 2.
value.
{aas /tras/ <tra.s\> masc. .1. terror 2.

nuisance.
{aasvad /tras.vad/ <tra.s\.va.d\> masc.
terrorism.
{aaiht /tra.hit/ <tra.hi.t\> adj. .third
party.
87
i{ako8 /tri.k/ <tri.ko.\> masc. .a

triangle.
i{a-e4o /tri.be.o/ <tri.bhe.o> masc. .a
meeting place of three roads.
i{ar&gI /tri.r\.gi/ <tri.r\~.gii> adj.
.tricolor.
{aIj /tri:/ <trii.\> fem. .the third day...
{aIju /tri:.u/ <trii.u> adj. .third.
99rvu& /t\.t\r.vu~/ <th\.th\.r\.vu~> v.intr.

.to shiver.
9ngnvu& /t\n.g\n.vu~/ <th\.n\.g\.n\.vu~>
v.intr. .to be very excited for soemthing.
9PpI /t\p.pi/ <th\.ppi> fem. .an orderly
pile or stack.
9r /t\r/ <th\.r\> masc. .1. a layer 2. a
crust.
9r9r /t\r.t\r/ <th\.r\.th\.r\> advb.
shivering manner.
{aIs /tris/ <trii.s\> adj. .thirty.

{aepn /tre.p\n/ <tre.p\.n\> adj. .53 (fifty
three).
{aevIs /tre.vis/ <tre.vii.s\> adj. .twenty
three.
{aes5 /tre.s\/ <tre.s\.h\> adj. .sixty
three.
{aEmaisk /tr\i.ma.sik/ <tr\i.ma.si.k\> adj.
quarterly.
{aofvu& /trop.vu~/ <tro.ph\.vu~> v.tr. .to
tattoo.
]vca /tv\.ca/ <tv\.ca> fem. .skin.
9
96 /t\/ <th\.\> neut. .the trunk of a
tree.
96kvu& /t\\k.vu~/ <th\.\.k\.vu~> v.intr.
.1. to stammer 2. to tremble with fear.
9vu& /t\.vu~/ <th\.vu~> v.intr. .1.to be 2. to

happen 3. to occur.
9ak /tak/ <tha.k\> masc. fatigue.
9ag69Ig6 /ta.g\.ti.g\/
<tha.g\.\.thi.g\.\> neut. .1. a
repairing 2. a patching.
9a\8u& /ta.u~/ <tha.u~> neut. .1. a center
2. a post.
9ank /ta.n\k/ <tha.n\.k\> neut. .a place
of worship.
9ap4 /ta.p\/ <tha.p\.\> fem. .a light
blow.
9ap8 /ta.p\/ <tha.p\.\> fem.
.capital.
9apo /tap/ <tha.po> masc. .the hip.
9ab6vu& /ta.b\.vu~/ <tha.b\.\.vu~> v.tr.
.1. to pat 2. to encourage.
9aX /ta/ <tha.\> masc. .a large plate.
88
9aXI /ta.i/ <tha.ii> fem. .a dinner plate.
9a&-lo /ta~b.lo/ <tha~.bh\.lo> masc. .a
small pillar.
9Ig6u& /tig.u~/ <thii.g\.u~> neut. .a
patch.
9Ijvu& /ti.vu~/ <thii.\.vu~> v.intr. .to be
froze.
9UlI /tu.li/ <thuu.lii> fem. .half
grounded wheat.
9Ulu& /tu.lu~/ <thuu.lu~> neut. .husks
separated from flour.
9U&k /tu~k/ <thu~.k\> neut. .1. saliva 2.
spittle.
9eplu& /tep.lu~/ <the.p\.lu~> neut. .a kind
of bread.
9elI /te.li/ <the.lii> fem. .a small bag.
9o-vu& /tob.vu~/ <tho.bh\.vu~> v.intr. .to

stop.
9or /tor/ <tho.r\> masc. .a throny plant.
d
dix8 /d\k.i/ <d\.ki.\> fem. .the
south.
dix8a /d\k.i.a/ <d\.ki.a> fem. .alms
(given to the Brahmins).
dgaòr /d\.ga.kor/ <d\.ga.kho.r\> adj.
treacherous.
dgabaj /d\.ga.ba/ <d\.ga.ba.\> adj.
treacherous.
dgaòrI /d\.ga.ko.ri/ <d\.ga.kho.rii>
fem. . treachery.
9elo /te.lo/ <the.lo> masc. .a big bag.
dgaba@ /d\.ga.ba.i/ <d\.ga.ba.ii> fem.

treachery.
9ok6I /tok.i/ <tho.k\.ii> fem. .a small

bundle.
dgo /d\.go/ <d\.go> masc. .treachery.
9ok6o /tok.o/ <tho.k\.o> masc. .a big

bundle.
d6 d6 /d\ d\/ <d\.\.d\.\> advb. .a

sound like that of water falling
incessantly.
9okb&0 /tok.b\nd/ <tho.k\.b\~.dh\>

adj. wholesale.
9o6u& /to.u~/ <tho.u~> adj. .little.
9o9vavu& /tot.va.vu~/ <tho.th\.va.vu~>
v.intr. to stammer.
9o9u& /to.tu~/ <tho.thu~> neut. .a book
(derogatory).
d6 b6 /d\ b\/ <d\.\.b\.\> advb.. a

sound like that of running of a human
being.
d6bu& /d\.bu~/ <d\.\.vu~> neut. .a slice
of solid food (not of a fruit).
d6o /d\.o/ <d\.o> masc. .a ball.
89
ddU6I /d\.du.i/ <d\.duu.ii> fem. .a
thin current of water falling down.
dbdbo /d\b.d\.bo/ <d\.b\.d\.bo> masc.
pomp.
dba8 /d\.ba/ <d\.ba.\> neut. .1.
pressure 2. force.
dbavu& /d\.ba.vu~/ <d\.ba.vu~> v.intr. .to
be pressed.
dr@ /d\r.i/ <d\.r\.ii> masc. .a tailor.

drj8 /d\r.\/ <d\.r\.\.\> fem. .1. a
tailors wife, 2. a woman tailor.
drjjo /d\.r\.o/ <d\.r\.o> masc. .a
rank.
drd /d\.r\.d/ <d\.r\.d\> neut. .1.
disease 2. pain.
drdI /d\r.di/ <d\.r\.dii> masc. .patient
dm /d\m/ <d\.m\> masc. .asthma.

dm /d\m/ <d\.m\> masc. .stamina.
dmkvu& /d\.m\k.vu~/ <d\.m\.k\.vu~>
v.intr. to glow.
dmda4I /d\m.da.i/ <d\.m\.da.ii> fem.
.a threatening.
dmn /d\.man/ <d\.m\.n\> neut.
.tyranny.
dmam /d\.mam/ <d\.ma.m\> masc.
grandeur.
drdagIno /d\r.da.gi.no/ <d\.r\.da.gii.no>

masc. . money, ornaments, valuables etc.
together.
dpR8 /d\r.p\/ <d\.rp\.\> neut. .a
mirror.
drbar /d\r.bar/ <d\.r\.ba.r\> masc. .a
royal court.
drbar /d\r.bar/ <d\.r\.ba.r\> masc.
Rajput- a community.
drimyan /d\r.mi.jan/ <d\.r\.mi.ja.n\>
advb. meanwhile.
dya /d\.ja/ <d\.ja> fem. .compassion.

dr /d\r/ <d\.r\> masc. .rate.
drroj /d\r.ro/ <d\.r\.ro.\> advb.

everyday.
dr /d\r/ <d\.r\> masc. .1. a burrow 2. a

hole.
drvajo /d\r.va.o/ <d\.r\.va.o> masc.

.1. a gate 2. an entrance.
drkar /d\r.kar/ <d\.r\.ka.r\> fem. .care.
drvan /d\r.van/ <d\.r\.va.n\> masc. .a

gate-keeper.
dràSt /d\r.kas.t\/ <d\.r\.kha.st\>

fem. proposal.
drgah /d\r.gah/ <d\.r\.ga.h\> fem. .the
tomb of a Muslim saint.
drve= /d\r.ve/ <d\.r\.ve.\> masc. .a

Muslim saint.
d=Rn /d\.r\n/ <d\.r\.n\> neut. .1.
seeing 2. viewing, 3. a form of
worshiping
90
d=Rn /d\.r\n/ <d\.r\.n\> neut.
philosophy.
d= /d\/ <d\.\> adj. .ten.
d=aRvvu& /d\r.av.vu~/ <d\.ra.v\.vu~> v.tr.

1. to show 2. to suggest.
d=k /d\.\k/ <d\.\.k\> masc. .the tenth

part.
draj /d\.ra/ <d\.ra.\> fem. .ringworm

(a skin disease).
d=m /d\.\m/ <d\.\.m\> fem. .tenth

day of the Hindu fortnight.
dirya; /d\.ri.ja.i/ <d\.ri.ja.ii> adj.

.marine.
d=/mu& /d\.mu~/ <d\.\.mu~> neut. .tenth

day after a persons death.
diryo /d\.ri.jo/ <d\.ri.jo> masc. .the sea.
d=a /d\.a/ <d\.a> fem. .condition.
drek /d\.rek/ <d\.re.k\> adj. .1.each 2.

every.
d=a&= /d\.a~/ <d\.a~.\> adj. decimal.
dro6o /d\.ro.o/ <d\.ro.o> masc. .a

raid.
d=I /d\.i/ <d\.i> fem. .1. hem of a

garment 2. wick.
dlal /d\.lal/ <d\.la.l\> masc. .a broker.
d=era /d\.e.ra/ <d\.e.ra> masc. .the

tenth day of the bright half of the Aso
month.
dlalI /d\.la.li/ <d\.la.lii> fem.

.brokerage.
ds /d\s/ <d\.s\> adj. .10 (ten).
dilt /d\.lit/ <d\.li.t\> adj. .1. oppressed

2. down-trodden.
d=ko /d\.ko/ <d\.s\.ko> masc. a

decade.
dlIl /d\.lil/ <d\.lii.l\> fem. .an

argument.
dStavej /d\.sta.ve/ <d\.sta.ve.\> masc.

a document.
dv /d\v/ <d\.v\> masc. .a wild-fire.
dha6o /d\.ha.o/ <d\.ha.o> masc. a

day.
dva /d\.va/ <d\.va> fem. .a medicine.

dvaànu& /d\.va.ka.nu~/ <d\.va.kha.nu~>
neut. .1. a hospital 2. a clinic.
dvada /d\.va.da.ru~/ <d\.va.da.ru~>
neut. pl.. medicines in general.
dvapa8I /d\.va.pa.ni/ <d\.va.pa.i>
neut. medicines in general.
dhI& /d\.hi~/ <d\.hii~> neut. 1. yogurt 2.

curd.
dhI&tru& /d\.hi~.t\.ru~/ <d\.hii.t\.ru~> neut.
a food item.
dhI&v6u& /d\.hi~.v\.u~/ <d\.hi.v\.u~>
neut. a food item.
91
dhej /d\.he/ <d\.he.\> neut. dowry.
dhe=t /d\.he.\t/ <d\.he.\.t\> fem.
apprehension.
dXdar /d\.dar/ <d\.\.da.r\> adj. 1.
thick 2. heavy.
dXvu& /d\.vu~/ <d\.\.vu~> v.tr. to grind.
d&gl /d\.g\l/ <d\~.g\.l\> neut. a
quarrel.
d&6 /d\.\/ <d\~.\> masc.
punishment.
d&6vu& /d\.vu~/ <d\~.\.vu~> v.tr. to
punish.
d&tk9a /d\nt.k\.ta/ <d\.t\.k\.tha> fem.
1. a legend 2. a fable.
d&tm&jn /d\nt.m\.\n/
<d\.nt\.m\~.\.n\> neut. 1. toothpowder 2. tooth-paste.
d&t=UX /d\nt.u/ <d\~.t\.u.\> masc. an
elephants tusk.
da`lo /da.k.lo/ <da.kh\.lo> masc. 1.

an example 2. an illustration 3. a
mathematical problem.
dagIno /da.gi.no/ <da.gii.no> masc. an
ornament.
da3 /dag/ <da.gh\> masc. 1. a spot 2.
burning.
daz /da/ <da.h\> fem. feeling.
dazvu& /da.vu~/ <da.h\.vu~> v.intr. to
get burn.
da4vu& /da.vu~/ <da.\.vu~> v.tr. to bury.
da6m /da.\m/ <da.\.m\> neut. a
pomegranate.
da7 /da/ <da.h\> fem. a molar
tooth.
da7I /da.i/ <da.hii> fem. 1. the chin
2. the beard.
da8o /da.o/ <da.o> masc. a grain.
d&ptI /d\m.p\.ti/ <d\~.p\.tii> neut. a

couple (husband and wife).
dat8 /da.t\/ <da.t\.\> neut. a small

piece of a branch of a tree or a plant used
to clean teeth.
d&- /d\mb/ <d\~.bh\> masc.

hypocrisy.
dadr /da.d\r./ <da.d\.r\> masc. a

staircase.
d&-I /d\m.bi/ <d\~.bhii> adj.

hypocritical.
dadro/dad.ro./ <da.d\.ro> masc. a

staircase.
d&= /d\m/ <d\~.\> masc. 1. a biting

(of a serpent or scorpian) 2. a sting.
dadagIrI /da.da.gi.ri/ <da.da.gii.rii>

fem. bullying.
dadI /da.di/ <da.dii> fem. grandmother.
92
dado /da.do/ <da.do> masc.
grandfather.
das /das/ <da.s\> masc. a male servant.
dan /dan/ <da.n\> neut. 1. a gift 2. a

donation.
dasI /da.si/ <da.sii> fem. a male

servant.
dant /da.n\t/ <da.n\.t\> fem.

intention.
daX /da/ <da.\> fem. 1. pulses

grounded into two parts 2. a food item
prepared from
such pulses.
danv /da.n\v/ <da.n\.v\> masc. a

monster.
da&t /da~t/ <da~.t\> masc. tooth.
dane=rI /da.ne.\.ri/ <da.ne.\.rii>

masc. a liberal donor.
da&ityo /da~.ti.jo/ <da~.ti.jo> masc. a comb.
dab6I /dab.i/ <da.b\.ii> fem. a very

small box.
idGd=Rk /dig.d\r.\k/ <di.gd\.r\.k\>

masc.
dabvu& /dab.vu~/ <da.b\.vu~> v.tr. to

press.
a director (of a film or a drama).
dayko /daj.ko/ <da.j\.ko> masc. a

decade.
day8 /da.j\/ <da.j\.\> fem. a midwife.
da /da.ru/ <da.ruu> masc. 1. wine 2.
liquor.
daànu& /da.ru.ka.nu~/ <da.ruu.kha.nu~>
masc. fire-works.
dai6yo /da.ru.i.jo/ <da.ru.ii.jo>
masc. a drunkard.
da=Rink /da.r\.nik/ <da.r\.ni.k\> adj.
philosophical.
dav /dav/ <da.v\> masc. a persons turn
in a game.
davo /da.vo/ <da.vo> masc. 11. a right
2. a claim 3. a law-suit 4. a demand.
idGmU7 /dig.mu/ <di.gmu.h\> adj. 1.

stunned 2. wonderstruck.
idncyaR /din.c\.rja/ <di.n\.c\.rja> fem. a
daily routine activities.
idnrat /din.rat/ <di.n\.ra.t\> advb. day
and night.
idmag /di.mag/ <di.ma.g\> neut. the
brain.
idyr /di.j\r/ <di.j\.r\> masc. a
husbands younger brother.
idl /dil/ <di.l\> neut. the heart.
idlgIr /dil.gir/ <di.l\.gi.r\> adj.
dejected.
idlgI.rI /dil.gi.ri/ <di.l\.gii.rii> fem.
dejection.
93
idlcSp /dil.c\.p\/ <di.l\.c\.p\> adj.
fascinating.
dIpavlI /di.pav.li/ <dii.pa.v\.lii> fem.

the Diwali festival.
idlcSpI /dil.c\.pi/ <di.l\.c\.pii> fem.

fascination.
dI3R /dir.g\/ <dii.rgh\> adj. long.
idldar /dil.dar/ <di.l\.da.r\> adj. 1.

beloved 2. liberal.
dIvada&6I /di.va.da~.i/ <dii.va.da~.ii>

fem. a light-house.
dIval /di.val/ <dii.va.l\> fem. a wall.
idlaso /di.la.so/ <di.la.so> masc.

consolation.
idvs /di.v\s/ <di.v\.s\> masc. a day.
dIvasXI /di.va.s\.i/ <dii.va.s\.ii> fem.

a matchstick.
dIvI /di.vi/ <dii.vii> fem. a lamp-stand.
idvaso /di.va.so/ <di.va.so> masc. a

festival.
idvaXI /di.va.i/ <di.va.ii> fem. the
Hindu festival on the last day of the
Hindu year.
idve4 /di.ve/ <di.ve.\> fem. a wick.
idvel /di.vel/ <di.ve.l\> neut. castor-oil.
idVy /div.j\/ <di.vj\> adj. divine.
dIkrI /dik.ri/ <dii.k\.rii> fem. a
daughter.
dIkro /dik.ro/ <dii.k\.ro> masc. a son.
dIdI /di.di/ <dii.dii> fem. elder sister.
dIn /din/ <din> adj. poor (literary).
dIvo /di.vo/ <dii.vo> masc. a lamp.

dukan /du.kan/ <du.ka.n\> fem. a shop.
dukaX /du.ka/ <du.ka.\> masc. a
famine.
du`vu& /duk.vu~/ <du.kh\.vu~> v.intr. 1.
to pain 2. to ache.
duàvo /du.ka.vo/ <du.kha.vo> masc.
1. pain 2. ache.
dui`yaru& /du.ki.ja.ru~/ <du.khi.ja.ru~> adj.
unhappy.
du8avu& /du.a.vu~/ <du.a.vu~> v.intr. to
be burnt (of food).
duinya /du.ni.ja/ <du.ni.ja> fem. 1. the
world 2. the universe.
dIp /dip/ <dii.p\> masc. a lamp.

dIpk /di.p\k/ <dii.p\.k\> masc. lamp.
dup4\4o /du.p\.o/ <du.p\.o> masc. a

scarf.
dIp6o /dip.o/ <dii.p\.o> masc. a

lamp.
du-agvu& /du.bag.vu~/ <du.bha.g\.vu~>

v.tr. to divide by two.
94
du-avvu& /du.bav.vu~/ <du.bha.v\.vu~>
v.tr. to displease.
dusa)y /du.sad.j\/ <du.sa.dhj\> adj.

difficult to achieve.
du-avu& /du.ba.vu~/ <du.bha.vu~> v.intr.

to be displeased.
duzvu& /du.vu~/ <du.h\.vu~> v.intr. to

ooze.
du-aiqyo /du.ba.i.jo/ <du.bha.si.jo>

masc. an interpreter.
dU0 /dud/ <du.dh\> neut. milk.
durag/h /du.ra.gr\h/ <du.ra.gr\.h\>

masc. excessive and undue insistence.
duracr8 /du.ra.c\.r\/ <du.ra.c\.r\.\>
neut. immoral behavior.
dUi0ya /du.di.ja/ <du.dhi.ja> adj. milkwhite.

dU0I /du.di/ <du.dhii> fem. a kind of
gourd.
dUbXu& /dub.u~/ <du.b\.u~> adj. weak.
duracr8I /du.ra.c\.r\.i/
<du.ra.c\.r\.ii> adj. a person who
behaves immorally.
dU-vvu& /du.b\v.vu~/ <du.bh\.v\.vu~>

v.tr. to afflict.
duracar /du.ra.car/ <du.ra.ca.r\> neut.

immoral behavior.
dU-avu& /du.ba.vu~/ <du.bha.vu~> v.intr.

to be afflicted.
duracarI /du.ra.ca.ri/ <du.ra.ca.rii> adj.

a person who behaves immorally.
dUr /dur/ <du.r\> adj. far away.
dugRit /dur.g\.ti/ <du.rg\.tii> fem.

spiritual degeneration.
dugR&0 /dur.g\nd/ <du.rg\~.dh\> fem.
unpleasant smell.
dubRX /dur.b\/ <du.rb\.\> adj. weak.
dUr/bIn /dur.bin/ <du.r\.bii.n\> neut. 1.

a telescope 2. a binocular.
7 /dr\/ <dr\.h\> adj. 1. firm 2.
strong.
iQ4 /dr\.i/ <dr\.si> fem. sight.
dulR- /dur.l\b/ <du.rl\.bh\> adj. rare.
de`re` /dek.rek/ <de.kh\.re.kh\> fem.

1. watch 2. guardianship.
duva /du.va/ <du.va> fem. blessing.
de`vu& /dek.vu~/ <de.kh\.vu~> v.tr. to see.
du+mn /du.man/ <du.m\.n\> masc. an

enemy.
deàdeÌ /de.ka.de.ki/ <de.kha.de.khii>

fem. senseless imitation.
du` /duk/ <du.kh\> neut. 1.

unhappiness 2. pain.
deàv /de.kav/ <de.kha.v\> masc.

appearance.
95
deàv6u& /de.kav.u~/ <de.kha.v\.u~>
adj. 1. attractive 2. handsome
3.beautiful.
deàvu& /de.ka.vu~/ <de.kha.vu~> v.tr. to
appear.
deÌtu& /de.ki.tu~/ <de.khii.tu~> adj.
obvious.
de6kI /de.ki/ <de.\.kii> fem. a
(female/ small) frog.
devu& /de.vu~/ <de.vu~> v.tr. to give.

de= /de/ <de.\> masc. 1. a country 2. a
region.
de=kaX /de.ka/ <de.\.ka.\> masc.
time and space.
de=daz /de.da/ <de..da.h\> fem.
patriotism.
de6ku& /de.ku~/ <de.\.ku~> neut. a frog.
de=a4n /de.a.\n/ <de.\.\.n\> neut.

traveling in foreign country.
de6ko /de.ko/ <de.\.ko> masc. a

(male) frog.
de=ai-man /de.a.bi.man/
<de.a.bhi.ma.n\> neut. patriotism.
dera8I /de.ra.i/ <de.ra.ii> fem.

husbands younger brothers wife.
de=I /de.i/ <de.ii> masc. 1. native 2.

indigenous.
derasr /de.ra.s\r/ <de.ra.s\.r\> neut. a

Jain temple.
de=I /de.i/ <de.ii> adj. a villager.
derI /de.ri/ <de.rii> fem. a small temple.
deh /deh/ <de.h\> masc. body.
dev /dev/ <de.v\> masc. a deity (male).
dehTyag /deh.tjag/ <de.h\.tja.g\> masc.

death.
devta /dev.ta/ <de.v\.ta> masc. a fire.
dEink /d\i.nik/ <d\i.ni.k\> adj. daily.
devnagrI /dev.nag.ri/ <de.v\.na.g\.rii>

adj. the Sanskrit script.
dEvI /d\i.vi/ <d\i.vii> adj. devine.
devX /de.v\/ <de.v\.\> neut. a church.
do4 /do/ <do.\> fem. an act of

running.
devadar /de.va.dar/ <de.va.da.r\> adj.

indebted.
do6 /do/ <do.\> fem. an act of

running.
devaXIyu& /de.va.i.ju~/ <de.va.ii.ju~> adj.

bankrupt.
do60am /do.dam/ <do.\.dha.m\>

fem. turmoil
devI /de.vi/ <de.vii> fem. 1. a deity

(female) 2. goddess.
do6vu& /do.vu~/ <do.\.vu~> v.intr. to

run.
96
do6ado6 /do.a.do/ <do.a.do.\> fem.
1. hurry 2. haste.
ax /drak/ <dra.kha> fem. a grape.
do7 /o/ <do.h\> adj. one and half.
oh /droh/ <dro.h\> masc. a betrayal.
do76au& /do.ahju~/ <do.h\.a.hju~>

adj. over wise.
Ip /dvip/ <dvi.pa> masc. an island.
do7u& /do.u~/ <do.hu~> adj. one and

half time.
dodXu& /dod.u~/ <do.d\.u~> adj. weak.
dor6I /dor.i/ <do.r\.ii> fem. a string.
dor6u& /dor.u~/ <do.r\.u~> neut. a rope.
dorv8I /do.r\v.i/ <do.r\.v\.ii> fem.
guidance.
dorvu& /dor.vu~/ <do.r\.vu~> v.tr. to draw
(picture, figure etc.)
dorvu& /dor.vu~/ <do.r\.vu~> v.tr. to guide
a person or any other animal.
dorI /do.ri/ <do.rii> fem. a string.
doro /do.ro/ masc. <do.ro> 1. a thread 2.
a kind of necklace.
doq /do/ <do.s\> masc. 1. mistake 2.
fault.
Emaisk /dv\i.ma.sik/ <dw\i.ma.si.k\.>

adj. bi-monthly.
0
0kelvu& /d\.kel.vu~/ <d\.ke.l\.vu~> v.tr.
to push.
0k\k&0k\ka /d\.kk\m.d\k.ka/
<d\.kke.dh\.kka> masc. intensely
crowded state.
0k\ka0k\kI /d\.kka.d\k.ki/
<dh\.kka.mu.kkii> fem. . intensely
crowded state.
0k\kamuk\kI /d\.kka.muk.ki/
<dh\.kka.mu.kkii> fem. a crowd
marked with pushes and blows.
0kko /d\k.ko/ <dh\.kko> masc. a
push.
0kko /d\k.ko/ <dh\.kko> masc. an
errand.
doSt /dost/ <dos.t\> masc. a friend.

dohvu& /doh.vu~/ <do.h\.vu~> v.tr. to milk.
doih{a /do.hi.tr\/ <do.hi.tr\> masc. a
daughters son.
doih{aI /do.hi.tri/ <do.hi.trii> fem. a
daughters daughter.
0g0gvu& /d\g.d\g.vu~/
<dh\.g\.dh\.g\.vu~> v.intr. to burn
intensely.
0g= /d\.g\/ <dh\.g\.\> fem. 1. zeal
2. enthusiasm.
97
0ja /d\.a/ <dh\.a> fem. 1. a flag 2. a
banner.
06 /d\/ <dh\.\> neut. the human
body without head.
0nuQy /d\.nu.j\/ <dh\.nu.j\> neut. a

bow.
0Ny /d\.nj\/ <dh\.nj\> adj. 1.
fortunate 2. praiseworthy.
06k /d\.\k/ <dh\.\.k\> fem.

throbbing of the heart due to fright,
shock etc.
0b6ko /d\.b\.ko/ <dh\.b\.\.ko>

masc. a fiasco.
06kvu& /d\.\k.vu~/ <dh\.\.k\.vu~>

v.intr. to throb.
0mkvu& /d\.m\k.vu~/ <dh\.m\.k\.vu~>

v.intr. to tremble.
06ako /d\.a.ko/ <dh\.a.ko> masc. an

exploding sound.
0mkavvu& /d\m.kav.vu~/ <dh\.m\.ka.vu~>

v.tr. to scold.
06a06 /d\.a.d\/ <dh.a.dh\.\>

advb. quickly and violently.
0mkI /d\m.ki/ <dh\.m\.kii> fem. a

threat.
06a06I /d\.a.d\.i/ <dh\.a.dh\.ii>

fem. commotion.
0m0okar /d\m.do.kar/
<dh\.m\.dho.ka.r\> advb. at full
speed.
08 /d\/ <dh\.\> neut. a herd of

cattle.
0808vu& /d\.d\.vu~/
<dh\.\.dh\.\.vu~> v.intr. to quake
(of earth etc).
08I /d\.i/ <dh\.ii> masc. 1. a
master 2. an owner 3. the husband.
08Iya8I /d\.i.ja.i/ <dh\.ii.ja.ii>
fem.1. masters wife 2. owners wife 3. a
female owner.
0min /d\m.ni/ <dh\.m\.ni> fem. an

artery.
0mp2a6a /d\m.p\.ca.a/
<dh\.m\/p\.cha.a> masc. vain
efforts made impatiently.
0mal /d\.mal/ <dh\.ma.l\> fem.
commotion.
0rtI /d\r.ti/ <dh\.r\.tii> fem. 1. the
earth 2. the soil.
0it&g /d\.ti.g\/ <dh\.ti~.g\> neut. 1. a

sham 2. phoniness.
0rpk6 /d\r.p\.k\/ <dh\.r\.p\.k\.\>

fem. an arrest.
0n /d\n/ <dh\.n\> neut. 1. money 2.

wealth.
0rbvu& /d\.r\b.vu~/ <dh\.r\.b\.vu~> v.tr.

to over fill.
0nter= /d\n.te.r\/ <dh\.n\.te.r\.\>

fem. a Hindu festival.
98
0rmUX /d\r.mu/ <dh\.r\.muu.\>
neut. the very beginning.
0sms /d\s.m\s/ <dh\.s\.m\.s\> fem.

excitement.
0rvu& /d\r.vu~/ <dh\.r\.vu~> v.tr. 1. to

hold by hand 2. to assume 3. to offer.
0svu& /d\s.vu~/ <dh\.s\.vu~> v.intr. to

rush forcefully.
0ravu& /d\.ra.vu~/ <dh\.ra.vu~> v.intr. to

be satisfied.
0saro /d\.sa.ro/ <dh\.sa.ro> masc.

rush.
0rI /d\.ri/ <dh\.rii> fem. an axle.
0&0o /d\n.do/ <dh\~.dho> masc. a

business.
0ro /d\.ro/ <dh\.ro> masc. a deep pit

in a river.
0mR /d\r.m\/ <dh\.rm\> masc. 1.
religion 2. duty.
0mRguru /d\r.m\.gu.ru/ <dh\.rm\.gu.ru>
masc. a spiritual teacher.
0ak /dak/ <dha.k\> fem. fright.

0a6 /da/ <dha.\> fem. robbery.
0a6pa6u /da.pa.u/ <dha.\.pa.u>
masc. a robber.
0a8I /da.i/ <dha.ii> fem. popcorn.
0mRg/&9 /d\r.m\.gr\nt/
<dh\.rm\.gr\~.th\> masc. a religious
book.
0atu /da.tu/ <dha.tu> fem. a metal.

0an /dan/ <dha.n\> neut. grain.
0mRs&k4 /d\r.m\.s\m.k\/
<dh\.rm\.s\~.k\.\> neut. a moral
dilemma.
0ap /dap/ fem. a cheating.

0abu& /da.bu~/ <dha.bu~> neut. a terrace.
0maRTma /d\r.mat.ma/ <dh\.rma.tma>

masc. a man with a holy soul.
0abu& /da.bu~/ <dha.bu~> neut. a blot.
0maRda /d\r.ma.da/ <dh\.rma.da> adj.

pertaining to religious charity.
0am /dam/ <dha.m\> neut. a dwelling

place.
0maRNtr /d\r.man.t\r/ <dh\.rma.nt\.r\>

neut. an act of adopting anothers
religion.
0am0Um /dam.dum/ <dha.m\.dhu.m\>

fem. grandeur.
0maR&0 /d\r.man.d\/ <dh\.rma~.dh\>

adj. fanatic.
0imRQ4 /d\r.mi/ <dh\.rmi.s\> adj.
religious minded.
0amo /da.mo/ <dha.mo> masc.

unexpected stay.
0ar /dar/ <dha.r\> fem. 1. the edge of
a weapon 2. a thin current of falling
water.
99
0ar8a /dar.a/ <dha.r\.a> fem.

inference.
0Ime9I /di.me.ti/ <dhii.me.thii> advb.

slowly.
0Irj /di.r\/ <dhi.r\.\> fem. patience.
0arvu& /dar.vu~/ <dha.r\.vu~> v.tr. to

infer.
0ara0or8 /da.ra.do.r\/
<dha.ra.dho.r\.\> neut. 1. rules and
regulations 2. code and conduct.
0ara=aS{aI /da.ra.a.tri/ <dha.ra.a.trii>
masc. a lawyer.
0aras-a /da.ra.s\.ba/ <dha.ra.sa.bha>
fem. a legislative assembly.
0aro /da.ro/ <dha.ro> masc. 1. a
custom 2. a tradition.
0aimRk /dar.mik/ <dha.rmi.k\> adj.
religious.
0av8 /da.v\/ <dha.v\.\> neut.
mothers milk.
0avvu& /dav.vu~/ <dha.v\.vu~> v.intr. to
suck milk from mothers breasts.
0a&0l /da~.d\l/ <dha~.dh\.l\> fem.
commotion.
i0kavvu& /di.kav.vu~/ <dhi.kka.r\.vu~>
v.tr. to burn intensely.
i0k\kar /di.kkar/ <dhi.kka.r\> masc.
hatred.
0Imu& /di.mu~/ <dhii.mu~> adj. slow.
0Ime /di.me/ <dhii.mu~> advb. slowly.
0Ir0ar /dir.dar/ <dhi.r\.dha.r\> fem.

money-landing.
0Irvu& /dir.vu~/ <dhii.r\.vu~> v.tr. 1.to
give on credit 2. to lend money on
interest.
0utarI /du.ta.ri/ <dhu.ta.rii> fem. a
deceitful woman.
0utaro /du.ta.ro/ <dhu.ta.ro> masc. a
deceitful man.
0upel /du.pel/ <dhu.pe.l\> neut. hairoil.
0umai6yu& /du.ma.i.ju~/ <dhu.ma.i.ju~>
neut. a chimney.
0uma6o /du.ma.o/ <du.ma.o> masc.
smoke.
0U8vu& /du.vu~/ <dhuu.\.vu~> v.intr. to
shake or swing head under the influence
of black art.
0Utvu& /dut.vu~/ <dhuu.t\.vu~> v.intr. to
cheat.
0Un /dun/ <dhuu.n\> fem. a strong
addiction.
0Up /dup/ <dhuu.p\> masc. a kind of
fragrant substance.
0UpsXI /dup.s\.i/ <dhu.p\.s\.ii> fem.
an incense stick.
0UX /du/ <dhuu.\> fem. dust.
100
0U&AapU&Aa /du~.a.pu~.a/ <dhuu~.a.puu~.a>

adj.
burning with anger.
0U&0vavu& /du~nd.va.vu~/ <dhu~.dh\.va.vu~>
v.intr. to grudge silently.
0U&0Xu& /du~d.u~/ <dhu~.dh\.u~> adj. 1.
misty 2. dim.
0ova8 /do.va/ <dho.va.\> neut.

attrition.
0ovu& /do.vu~/ <dho.vu~> v.tr. 1. to wash
2. to clean.
0oX /do/ <dho.\> neut. a kind of
devotional song.
0oXu& /do.u~/ <dho.u~> adj. white.
0U&srI /du~s.ri/ <dhu~.s\.rii> fem. a yoke.
)yan /dja.n\/ <dhj.n\> neut. attention.
0oka4vu& /do.ka.vu~/ <do.ka.\.vu~> v.tr.

to beat with a club.
)yey /djej/ <dhje.j\> masc. goal.
0oko /do.ko/ <dho.ko> masc. a short

tick staff.
0oko /do.ko/ <dho.ko> masc. 1. harm
2. betrayal.
0oityu& /do.ti.ju~/ <dho.ti.ju~> neut. a big
scarf-like lower garment of Hindu males.
0otI /do.ti/ <dho.tii> fem. a big scarflike lower garment of Hindu males.
0o0 /dod/ <dho.dh\> masc. a waterfall.
0ob8 /do.b\/ <dho.b\.\> fem. 1. a
washer mans wife 2. a washer-woman.
0obI /do.bi/ <dho.bii> masc. a washer
man.
0or8 /do.r\/ <dho.r\.\> neut. a
grade (first, second etc) of a school.
0ola; /do.la.i/ <dho.la.ii> fem. 1.
washing 2. remuneration for washing.
0/ujarI /dru.a.ri/ <dhru.a.rii> fem.

trembling.
)vj /dv\/ <dhv\.\> masc. a flag.
)vin /dva.ni/ <dhv\.ni> masc. sound.
n
nkl /n\.k\l/ <n\.k\.l\> fem. 1. a copy
2. a transcript.
nklI /n\k.li/ <n\.k\.lii> adj. 1.
artificial 2. unoriginal.
nk=Ikam /n\k.i.kam/ <n\.k\.ii.ka.m\>
neut. carving.
nk=o /n\k.o/ <n\.k\.o> masc. 1. a
map 2. an outline.
nkamu& /n.ka.mu~/ <n\.ka.mu~> adj.
useless.
nkar /n\.kar/ <n\.ka.r\> masc.
negation.
101
nkUco /n\.ku.co/ <n\.kuu.co> masc. a
hook for locking.
ngd /n\.g\d/ <n\.g\.d\> adj. in cash.

ngr /n\.g\r/ <n\.g\.r\> neut. a city.
nkor6o /n\.kor.o/ <n\.ko.r\.o> adj.

without food and water (fasting).
nkkr /n\k.k\r/ <n\.kk\.r\> adj. 1.
solid 2. authentic.
nkkI /n\k.ki/ <n\.kki> adj. 1. sure 2.
certain 3. fixed.
nx{a /n\.k\.tr\/ <n\.k\.tr\> neut. a
constellation.
n` /n\k/ <n\.kh\> masc. a nail.
n`raXu& /n\k.ra.u~/ <n\.kh\.ra.u~> adj.
1. prudish 2. coquettish.
n`raòr /n\k.ra.kor/
<n\.kh\.ra.kho.r\> adj. 1. prudish 2.
coquettish.
ngrI /n\g.ri/ <n\.g\.rii> fem. a small

city.
ngru& /n\g.ru~/ <n\.g\.ru~> adj. 1. a
person who has no guru 2. shameless.
nGn /n\g.n\/ <n\.gn\> adj. 1. naked 2.
nude 3. shameless.
nic&t /n\.ci~nt/ <n\.ci~.t\> adj. free from
worries.
n2U4ke /n\.cu.ke/ <na.chuu.t\.ke>
advb. 1. compulsorily 2. helplessly.
njdIk /n\.dik/ <n\.\.dii.k\> advb. 1.
near 2. beside.
njr /n\.\r/ <n\.\.r\> fem. sight.
n`rabaj /n\k.ra~.ba/ <n\.kh\.ra.ba.\>

adj. 1. prudish 2. coquettish.
njra8u& /n\.ra.u~/ <n\.\.ra.u~> neut. a

gift.
n`ru& /n\k.ru~/ <n\.kh\.ru~> neut. 1.

prudery 2. coquetry.
njravu& /n\.ra.vu~/ <n\.\.ra.u~> v.intr.

to be the victim of evil sight.
n`lI /n\k.li/ <n\.kh\.lii> fem. a nailpolish.
njronjr /n\.ro.n\.\r/
<n\.\.ro.n\.\.r\> advb. in front of.
nì=` /n\k.ik/ <n\.kh\.i.kh\> adj.

from the toe to the head.
n@k /n\.ik/ <n\.ii.k\> postp. 1. near

2. beside.
n~òd /n\k.kod/ <n\.khokho.d\>

neut. 1.end of a family generation 2.
complete destruction.
n@vu& /n\.i.vu~/ <n\.ii.vu~> adj.

insignificant (in amount and quantity).
ng8u& /n\.g\.u~/ <n\.g\.u~> adj.

ungrateful.
n4 /n\/ <n\.\> masc. a male actor.

n4I /n\.i/ <n\.ii> fem. a female actor.
102
n5aru& /n\.a.ru~/ <n\.ha.ru~> adj. 1.
wicked 2. harmful.
n5or /n\.or/ <n\.ho.r\> adj. 1.
heartless 2. cruel.
n6tr /n\.t\r/ <n\.\.t\.r\> neut. 1. an
obstruction 2. troubles assumed to be
created by ghosts and evil spirits.
n8dl /n\.d\l/ <n\.\.d\.l\> fem.
husbands sister.
n8dI /n\.di/ <n\.\.dii> fem.
husbands sister.
n8do; /n\.do.i/ <n\.\.do.ii> fem.
husbands sisters husband.
ntIjo /n\.ti.o/ <n\.tii.o> masc. 1.
result 2. an outcome.
n8&d /n\.\nd/ <n\~.\.d\> fem.
husbands sister.
n9 /n\t/ <n\.th\> fem. a nose-ring.
n9I /t\.ti/ <n\.thii> neg. is not.
ndI /n\.di/ <n\.dii> fem. a river.
n0i8yatu& /n\.d\.i.ja.tu~/
<n\.dh\.i.ja,tu~> adj. 1. unguarded 2.
stray.
npas /n\.pas/ <n\.pa.s\> adj. fail.

npu&sk /n\.pu~m.s\k/ <n\.pu~.s\.k\> adj.
1. impotent 2. neuter gender.
nfkru& /n\.p\k.ru~/ <n\.ph\.k\.ru~> adj.
careless.
nf\f4 /n\p.p\/ <n\.phph\.\> adj.
1.shameless 2. rude.
nfaòr /n\.pa.kor/ <n\.pha.kho.r\>
adj. inclined to profiteering.
nifkru& /n\.pik.ru~/ adj. careless.
nfo /n\.po/ <n\.pho> masc. profit.
nbXa; /n\b.a.i/ <n\.b\.a.ii> fem.
weakness.
nbXu& /n\b.u~/ <n\.b\.u~> adj. weak.
nbapu& /n\.ba.pu~/ <n\.ba.pu~> adj.
fatherless.
n- /n\b/ <n\.bh\> neut. the sky.
n-vu& /n\b.vu~/ <n\.bh\.vu~> v.intr. to
last.
nmk /n\.m\k/ <n\.m\.k\> neut. salt.
nm8u& /n\m.u~/ <n\.m\.u~> adj.
humble.
nnamI /n\.na.mi/ <n\.na.mii> fem. a

bier.
nmn /n\.m\n/ <n\.m\.n\> neut. a

bowing in reverence.
nnamu& /n\.na.mu~/ <n\.na.mu~> adj.

nameless.
nmvu& /n\m.vu~/ <n\.m\.vu~> v.intr. to

bend down.
nNno /n\n.no/ <n\.nno> masc.

negation.
nmaj /n\.ma/ <n\.ma.\> fem. prayer

to god (in Islam).
103
nmayu& /n\.ma.ju~/ <n\.ma.ju~> adj.

orphan.
nmUi2yu& /n\.mu.ci.ju~/ <n\.muu.chi.ju~>
adj. having no mustache.
nmUnedar /n\.mu.ne.dar/
<n\.mu.ne.da.r\> adj. ideal.
nmUno /n\.mu.no/ <n\.muu.no> masc.
1. a sample 2. a model.
nm/ /n\m.r\/ <n\.mr\> adj. humble.
nyn /n\.j\n/ <n\.j\.n\> fem. am eye.
nr /n\r/ <n\.r\> masc. a male.
nvjot /n\v.ot/ <n\.v\.o.t\> fem. the

sacred-thread ceremony of the Parsi
comunity.
nvtr /n\v.t\r/ <n\.v\.t\.r\> adj. novel.
nv0a /n\v.da/ <n\.v\.dha> fem. nine
types of Bhakti.
nvra= /n\v.ra/ <n\.v\.ra.\> fem.
leisure.
nvru& /n\v.ru~/ <n\.v\.ru~> adj.
unemployed.
nvlk9a /n\.v\l.k\.ta/ <n\.v\.l\.k\.tha>
fem. novel.
nrk /n\.r\k/ <n\.r\.k\> neut. hell.
nvilka /n\v.li.ka/ <n\.v\.li.ka> fem.

short story.
nrjait /n\r.a.ti/ <n\.r\.a.ti> fem. the

male class.
nvv0U /n\v.v\.du/ <n\.v\.v\.dhuu>

fem. a bride.
ntRk /n\r.t\k/ <n\.rt\.k\> masc. a male

dancer.
nv=eku& /n\v.e.ku/ <n\.v\.e.ku~> adj.

lukwarm.
ntRkI /n\r.t\.ki/ <n\.rt\.kii> fem. a

female dancer.
nvS{au& /n\.v\s.tru~/ <n\.v\.stru~> adj.

undressed.
nXakar /n\.a.kar/ <n\.a.ka.r\> adj.

cylindrical.
nva; /n\.va.i/ <n\.va.ii> fem. a wonder.
nv /n\v/ <n\.a.ka.r\> adj. nine.
nvajvu& /n\.va.vu~/ <n\.va.\.vu~> v.tr.

to honor.
nvjuvan /n\v.u.van/ <n\.v\.u.va.n\>

masc. a blooming youth.
nvajUnI /n\.va.u.ni/ <n\.va.uu.nii>

fem. a new development.
nv@vn /n\v.i.v\n/ <n\.v\.ii.v\.n\>

neut. new life.
nvIn /n\.vin/ <n\.vii.n\> adj. new.

nvu& /n\.vu~/ <n\.vu~> adj. new.
104
nvesr9I /n\.ve.s\r.ti/ <n\.ve.s\.r\.thii>
advb. to start a work again from the
beginning.
naku& /na.ku~/ <na.ku~> neut. 1. the eye of

a needle 2. an entrance or end of a road
3. a hole.
nVva8u& /n\v.va.u~/ <n\.vva.u~> adj.

ninety nine.
na`vu& /nak.vu~/ <na.kh\.vu~> v.tr. to

throw.
n=o /n\.o/ <n\.o> masc. intoxication.
nag /nag/ <na.g\> masc. a male cobra.
ns /n\s/ <n\.s\> fem. a vein.
nag8 /na.g\/ <na.g\.\> fem. a

female cobra.
nskoru& /n\s.ko.ru~/ <n\s.ko.ru~> neut. 1.

a nostril 2. the nose.
nsIb /n\.sib/ <n\.sii.b\> neut. 1. fate
2. fortune.
nagr /na.g\r/ <na.g\.r\> masc. a

community of that name.
nagrvel /na.g\r.vel/ <na.g\.r\.ve.l\>
fem. the betel plant.
nih /n\.hi/ <n\.hi> advb. 1. no 2. not.

nihvt\ /n\.hi.v\t/ <n\.hi.v\.t> adj.
slightly.
nher /n\.her/ <n\.he.r\> fem. a canal.
nhor /n\.hor/ <n\.ho.r\> masc. a claw.
niXyu& /n\.i.ju~/ <n\.i.ju~> neut. a roof
tile.
nXI /n\.i/ <n\.ii> fem. a tube.
n&g /n\.g\/ <n\~.g\> neut. a unit of a
thing.
na /na/ <na> advb. 1. no 2. not.
na;laj /na.i.la/ <na.i.la.\> adj.
incurable.
nak /nak/ <na.k\> neut. the nose.
nagirk /nag.rik/ <na.g\.ri.k\> masc. a

citizen.
nagrI /nag.ri/ <na.g\.rii> adj. 1. related
to the Nagar community, 2. civilized, 3.
urban.
nagu& /na.gu~/ <na.gu~> adj. 1. naked 2.
nude.
nac /nac/ <na.c\> masc. a dance.
nacvu& /nac.vu~/ <na.c\.vu~> v.intr. to
dance.
na2U4ke /na.cu.ke/ <na.chuu.\.ke>
advb. helplessly.
najuk /na.uk/ <na.u.k\> adj. tender.
na4k /na.\k/ <na.\.k\> neut. 1. a
drama 2. a play.
na4kkar /na.\k.kar/ <na.\.k\.ka.r\>
masc. 1. a playwright 2. a dramatist.
105
na4kIyu& /na.\.ki.ju~/ <na.\.kii.ju~> adj. 1.
dramatic 2. not real.
nadan /na.dan/ <na.da.n\> adj.

childish.
nai4ka /na.i.ka/ <na.i.ka> fem. a short

play.
nadar /na.dar/ <na.da.r\> adj. bankrupt.
na6a26I /na.a.c\.i/ <na.a.ch\.ii>

fem. a many colored cotton string used
in various rituals.
na6I /na.i/ <na.ii> fem. 1. a vain 2. an
artery.
na6u& /na.u~/ <na.u~> neut. a string of a
garment.
na8vu& /na.vu~/ <na.\.vu~> v.tr. to
examine.
na8akIy /na.a.kij/ <na.a.kii.j\> adj. 1.
monetary 2. financial.
na8abjar /na.a.b\.ar/
<na.a.b\.ha.r\> neut. moneymarket.
na8a-I6 /na.a.bi/ <na.a.bhii.\>
fem. financial stringency.
na8u& /na.u~/ <na.u~> neut. money.
nat /nat/ <na.t\> fem. a caste.
natvro /nat.v\.ro/ <na.t\.v\.ro> masc.
a caste-dinner.
nan`4a; /nan.k\.a.i/ <na.n\.kh\.a.ii>

fem. a kind of sweet.
nanp /na.n\p/ <na.n\.p\> fem.
inferiority complex.
nanm /na.n\m/ <na.n\.m\> fem.
inferiority complex.
nanp8 /nan.p\/ <na.n\.p\.\> neut.
childhood.
nanu& /na.nu~/ <na.nu~> adj. small.
napas /na.pas/ <na.pa.s\> adj. failed.
nai- /na.bi/ <na.bhi> fem. the navel.
nam /nam/ <na.m\> neut. a name.
namcIn /nam.cin/ <na.m\.cii.n\> adj.
infamous.
nam5am /nam.am/ <na.m\.ha.m\>
neut. a persons name and address.
namdar /nam.dar/ <na.m\.da.r\> adj.
honorable.
namna /nam.na/ <na.m\.na> fem. fame.
natal /na.tal/ <na.ta.l\> fem. the

Christmas.
namu& /na.mu~/ <na.mu~> neut. a credit

and debit account.
nato /na.to/ <na.to> masc. relation.
nayk /na.j\k/ <na.j\.k\> masc. a hero of

a novel, a play etc.
na9 /nat/ <na.th\> masc. 1. a master 2.

the husband.
106
naiyka /na.ji.ka/ <na.ji.ka> fem. a
heroine of a novel, a play etc.
nahvu& /nah.vu~/ <na.h\.vu~> v.intr. to

bathe.
nar&gI /na.r\.gi/ <na.r\~.gii> fem. an

orange.
naX /na/ <na.\> fem. a horse shoe.

naXcu& /na.cu~/ <na.\.cu~> neut. a funnel.
naraj /na.ra/ <na.ra.\> adj.

displeased.
naXu& /na.u~/ <na.u~> neut. a rivulet.
nairyeX /na.ri.je/ <na.ri.je.\> neut. 1. a

coconut 2. a coconut tree.
inkal /ni.kal/ <ni.ka.l\> masc. 1.

disposal 2. judgment.
narI /na.ri/ <na.rii> fem. a woman.
inkas /ni.kas/ <ni.ka.s\> fem. export.
nalayk /na.la.j\k/ <na.la.j\.k\> adj.

unworthy.
inkah /ni.kah/ <ni.ka.h\> masc. Muslim

marriage.
nav /nav/ <na.v\> fem. a small boat.
inàls /ni.ka.l\s/ <ni.kha.l\.s\> adj.

open-hearted.
naivk /na.vik/ <na.vi.k\> masc. 1. a

sailor 2. a boatman.
na= /na/ <na.\> masc. destruction.
nas /nas/ <na.s\> masc. inhalation of
vapor for curing a disease.
naspit /nas.p\.ti/ <na.s\.p\.ti> neut. a
pear fruit or tree.
nas-ag /nas.bag/ <na.s\.bha.g\> fem.
a retreat.
ingU7 /ni.gu/ <ni.guu.h\> adj.

mysterious.
incovvu& /ni.cov.cu~/ <ni.cho.v\.vu~> v.tr.
1. to squeeze 2. to extract.
injan&d /ni.a.n\nd/ <ni.a.n\~.d\> masc.
the joy caused by self-realization.
intarvu& /ni.tar.vu~/ <ni.ta.r\.vu~> v.tr. to
filter.
inTy /ni.tj\/ <ni.tj\> adj. eternal.
nasvu& /nas.vu~/ <na.s\.vu~> v.intr. to run

away.
naSto /nas.to/ <na.sto> masc. a
breakfast.
nahk /na.h\k/ <na.h\.k\> advb.
unnecessarily.
inTykmR /nit.j\.k\r.ma/ <ni.tj\.k\.rm\>

neut. daily worship.
indan /ni.dan/ <ni.da.n\> neut.
diagnosis.
in0n /ni.d\n/ <ni.dh\.n\> neut. death.
inpu8 /ni.pu/ <ni.pu.\> adj. expert.
107
inb&0 /ni.b\nd/ <ni.b\~.dh\> masc. an

essay.
inr&tr /ni.r\n.t\r/ <ni.r\~.t\.r\> adj.

1incessant.
in-avvu& /ni.bav.vu~/ <ni.bha.v\.vu~> v.tr.

to maintain.
inrakrr8 /ni.ra.k\.r\/ <ni,ra.k\.r\.\>

neut. 1. settlement 2. disposal.
inm8U&k /nim.u~k/ <ni.m\.u~.k\> fem.

an appointment.
inrakar /ni.ra.kar/ <ni.ra.ka.r\> adj.

shapeless.
inm&{a8 /ni.m\n.tr\/ <ni.m\~.tr\.\>

neut. an invitation.
inra0ar /ni.ra.dar/ <ni.ra.dha.r\> adj.

1. orphan 2. support less.
inm&{avu& /ni.m\n.tr\.vu~/ <ni.m\~.tr\.vu~>

v.tr. to invite.
inra= /ni.ra/ <ni.ra.sh\> adj.

disappointed.
inma6o /ni.ma.o/ <ni.ma.o> masc. a

potters kiln.
inraXu& /ni.ra.u~/ <ni.ra.u~> adj. 1.

peculiar 2. distinct 3. different.
inym /ni.j\m/ <ni.j\.m\> masc. a rule.
inra&t /ni.ra~t/ <ni.ra~.t\> fem. 1. peace 2.

repose.
inymn /ni.j\.m\n/ <ni.j\.m\.n\> neut.

controlling.
inyimt /ni.j\.mit/ <ni.j\.mi.t\> adj.
regular.
inyamk /ni.ja.m\k/ <ni.ja.m\.k\> masc.
1. director 2. controller.
inyuikt /ni.juk.ti/ <ni.ju.kti> fem.
appointment.
inrxr /ni.r\.k\r/ <ni.r\.k\.r\> adj.
illiterate.
inrpex /nir.pek.\/ <ni.r\.pe.k\> adj.
independent.
inr9Rk /ni.r\r.t\k/ <ni.rth\.k\> adj.
useless.
inr&ku= /ni.r\.ku/ <ni.r\~.ku.\> adj.
uncontrolled.
inrIxk /ni.ri.k\k/ <ni.ri.k\.k\> masc.

1. an observer 2. an inspector.
inru]ar /ni.ru.tt\r/ <ni.ru.tt\.r\> neut. 1.
un-answering 2. silent, 3. speechless in
response.
inrupyogI /ni.rup.jo.gi/ <ni.ru.p\.jo.gii>
adj. useless.
inp8 /ni.ru.p\/ <ni.ruu.p\.\> neut.
narration.
inpvu& /ni.rup.vu~/ <ni.ruu.p\.vu~> v.tr.
to narrate.
injRn /nir.\n/ <ni.r\.n\> adj.
uninhabited.
injRX /nir.\/ <ni.r\.\> adj. 1. dry 2.
waterless.
108
in@Rv /nir.iv/ <ni.rii.v\> adj. lifeless.
invaR8 /nir.va/ <nir.va.\> neut.

salvation.
in8Ry /nir.\j/ <ni.r\.j\> masc.

decision.
invaRist /nir.va.sit/ <ni.rva.si.t\> adj.

refugee.
in8aRyk /nir.a.j\k/ <ni.ra.j\.k\> adj.

decisive.
invaRh /nir.vah/ <nir.va.h\> masc.

maintenance.
indRy /nir.d\j/ <ni.rd\.j\> adj. cruel.
inivR#n /nir.vign/ <ni.rvi.ghn\> adj. free

from obstacles.
indeR= /nir.de/ <ni.rde.\> masc. an

indication.
indoRq /nir.do/ <ni.rdo.s\> adj.
innocent.
in0Rn /nir.d\n/ <ni.rdh\.n\> adj.
moneyless.
in0aRr /nir.dar/ <ni.rdha.r\> masc.
determination.
inbRX /nir.b\/ <ni.rb\.\> adj.
powerless.
in-Ry /nir.b\j/ <ni.rbh\.j\> adj.
fearless.
in-eRX /nir.be/ <ni.rbhe.\> adj.
unadulterated.
inmRX /nir.m\/ <ni.rm\.\> adj. without
dirt.
inmaR8 /nir.ma/ <ni.rma.\> neut. a
creation.
inmaRLy /nir.ma.lj\/ <ni.rma.lj\> adj.
powerless.
inmURX /nir.mu/ <ni.rmuu.\> adj.
rootless.
invarvu& /ni.var.vu~/ <ni.va.r\.vu~> v.tr. to

prevent.
invas /ni.vas/ <ni.va.si> masc.
residence.
invasI /ni.va.si/ <ni.va.sii> masc. a
resident.
inv<]a /ni.vru.tt\/ <ni.vru.tt\> adj.
retired.
inv<i]a /ni.vrut.ti/ <ni.vru.tti> fem.
retirement.
inve6o /ni.ve.o/ <ni.ve.o> masc.
.settlement 2. verdict.
invedn /ni.ve.d\n/ <ni.ve.d\.n\> neut. a
statement.
in=an /ni.an/ <ni.a.n\> neut. 1. target
2. a mark.
in=anI /ni.a.ni/ <ni.a.nii> fem. a mark.
in=aX /ni.a/ <ni.a.\> fem. a school.
in=aiXyo /ni.a.i.jo/ <ni.a.i.jo> masc.
1. a school boy 2. a student.
109
iny /ni.c\.j\/ <ni.c\.j\> masc. a
determination.
inStej /nis.te/ <ni.ste.\> adj. 1. dim 2.

dull.
init /ni.cit/ <ni.ci.t\> adj. decided.
inSbt /nis.b\t/ <ni.sb\.t\> fem. 1.

relation 2. concern.
inas /ni.vas/ <ni.va.s\> masc. a

sigh.
inqe0 /ni.ed/ <ni.se.dh\> masc.
prohibition.
inQkl&k /ni.ka.lak/ <ni.sk\.l\~.k\> adj.
1. free from blamsih.
inQk/Iy /ni.kri.j\/ <ni.skrii.j\> adj.
inactive.
inQ5a /ni.a/ <ni.sha> fem.
faithfulness.
inQ5ur /ni.ur/ <ni.shu.r\> adj. 1. cruel
2. merciless.
inQ8at /ni.at/ <ni.sa.t\> adj. an
expert.
inQpx /ni.p\k.\/ <ni.sp\.k\> adj.
impartial.
inQpap /ni.pap/ <ni.spa.p\> adj.
sinless.
inQp/a8 /ni.pra/ <ni.spra.\> adj. 1.
weak 2. spiritless.
inhairka /ni.ha.ri.ka/ <ni.ha.ri.ka> fem.

a nebula.
inhaXvu& /ni.ha.vu~/ <ni.ha.\.vu~> v.tr. to
see with full attention.
in&dvu& /nind.vu~/ <ni~.d\.vu~> v.tr. . to
backbite.
in&da /nin.da/ <ni~.da> fem. backbiting.
in=Bd /ni.\b.d\/ <ni:.\.bd\> adj.
silent.
in=S{a /ni.\s.tr\/ <ni:.\.str\> adj.
unarmed.
in=uLk /ni.ul.k\/ <ni:.u.lk\> adj. free
of charge.
ins&tan /ni.s\n.tan/ <ni:.s\~.ta.n\> adj.
childless.
ins&deh /ni.s\n.deh/ <ni:.s\~.de.h\> adj.
without any doubt.
inSva9R /ni.svar.th\/ <ni:.sva.rth\> adj.
unselfish.
nIk /nik/ <nii.k\> fem. a drain.
inQfX /ni.p\l/ <ni.sph\.\> adj.

unsuccessful.
insr8I /ni.s\r.i/ <ni.s\.r\.ii> fem. a
ladder.
insaso /ni.sa.so/ <ni.sa.so> masc. a
sigh.
nIkXvu& /ni.k\.vu~/ <nii.k\.\.vu~> v.intr.

1. to come out 2. to go out 3. to appear.
nIc /nic/ <nii.c\> adj. 1. wicked 2.
mean.
110
nIcajo8u& /ni.ca.o.u~/ <nii.ca.o.u~>
neut. shameful condition.
nIl /nil/ <nii.l\> adj. dark-blue.
nIca8 /ni.ca/ <nii.ca.\> neut.

descent.
nIv6vu& /ni.v\.vu~/ <nii.v\.\.vu~> v.intr.

to be accomplished.
nIcu& /ni.cu~/ <nii.cu~> adj. 1. low 2. vile.
nI&d8 /nin.d\/ <nii~.d\.\> neut. the

act of removing weeds.
nI6r /ni.\r/ <nii.\.r\> adj. fearless.

nItrvu& /ni.t\r.vu~/ <nii.t\.r\.vu~> v.intr.
1. to ooze 2. to be filtered.
nI&dvu& /nind.vu~/ <nii~.d\.vu~> v.tr. to

weed.
nItyuR& /nit.rju~/ <nii.t\.rju~> adj. filtered.
nuksan /nuk.san/ <nu.k\.sa.n\> neut.

damage.
nIit /ni.ti/ <nii.ti> fem. morality.
nUtn /nu.t\n/ <nuu.t\.n\> adj. new.
nIit=aS{a /ni.ti.as.tr\/ <nii.ti.a.str\>

neut. ethics.
nUr /nur/ <nuu.r\> neut. fright.

n<Ty /nrut.j\/ <nru.tj\> neut. a dance.
nIpj /ni.p\/ <nii.p\.\> fem. product.

nek /nek/ <ne.k\> adj. honest.
nIpjvu& /ni.p\.vu~/ <nii.p\.\.vu~> v.intr.
to be produced.
neta /ne.ta/ <ne.ta> masc. a leader.
nIm /nim/ <nii.m\> masc. a religious

vow.
netagIrI /ne.ta.gi.ri/ <ne.ta.gii.rii> fem.

leadership.
nImvu& /nim.vu~/ <nii.m\.vu~> v.tr. to

appoint.
nevu& /ne.vu~/ <ne.vu~> adj. ninety.
nIr`vu& /ni.r\k.vu~/ <nii.r\.kh\.vu~> v.tr.

to observe.
nIr8 /ni.r\/ <nii.r\.\> neut. fodder.
nIrv /ni.r\v/ <nii.r\.v\> adj. noiseless.
nIrvu& /nir.vu~/ <nii.r\.vu~> v.tr. to feed
cattle fodder.
nIrogI /ni.ro.gi/ <nii.ro.gii> adj.
healthy.
neVya=I /nev.ja.i/ <ne.vja.ii> adj.

eighty nine.
nEitk /n\i.tik/ <n\i.ti.k\> adj. 1. ethical
2. moral.
nETy /n\i.rut.j\/ <n\i.ru.tj\> adj.
south-west (direction).
nEved /n\i.ved/ <n\i.ve.d\> masc. the
food offered to a god or deity.
111
nEsigRk /n\i.s\r.gik/ <n\i.s\r.gi.k\> adj.
natural.
nokr /no.k\r/ <no.k\.r\> masc. a male
servant.
Nyay /njaj/ <nja.j\> masc. justice.

Nyaya0I= /nja.ja.di/ <nja.ja.dhii.\>
masc. a judge.
NyayI /njaji/ <nja.jii> adj. righteous.
nokr=ahI /no.k\r.a.hi/ <no.k\.r\.a.hii>

fem. a bureaucracy.
nokiryat /no.k\.ri.jat/ <no.k\.ri.ja.t\>
adj.
salaried (person).
notrvu& /no.t\r.vu~/ <no.t\.r\.vu~> v.tr. to
give a formal invitation on an auspicious
occasion.
notru& /not.ru~/ <no.t\.ru~> neut. a formal
invitation.
no0aru& /no.da.ru~/ <no.dha.ru~> adj.
support less.
nobt /nob\t/ <no.b\.t\> fem. a big
drum used normally in temples.
nom /nom/ <no.m\> fem. ninth day of
the bright or dark half of a Hindu month.
noiXyo /no.i.jo/ <no.i.jo> masc. a
mongoose.
no&0 /n~d/ <no~.dh\> fem. a noting
down.
nOka /n\u.ka/ <n\u.ka> fem. a boat.
nOkadX /n\u.ka.d\/ <n\u.ka.d\.\>
neut. navy.
Nyat /njat/ <nja.t\> fem. a caste.
NyatIlu& /nja.ti.lu~/ <nja.tii.lu~> adj. a
person from the same caste.
p
pk6 /p\.k\/ <p\.k\.\> fem. an act of
holding or gripping.
pk6vu& /p\.k\.vu~/ <p\.k\.\.vu~> v.tr.
1. to hold 2. to catch 3. to grasp.
pkvvu& /p\.k\v.vu~/ <p\.k\.v\.vu~> v.tr.
1. to ripen 2. to cook 3. to produce
pkvan /p\k.van/ <p\.k\.va.n\> neut.
sweets.
px /p\k.\/ <p\.k\> masc. 1. side 2. a
party (political).
pxa3at /p\k.a.gat/ <p\.ka.gha.t\>
masc. paralysis.
pxpat /p\k.\.pat/ <p\.k\.pa.t\>
masc. partiality.
pxapxI /p\k.a.p\k.i/ <p\.ka.p\.kii>
fem. discord.
pxI /p\k.i/ <p\.kii> neut. a bird.
p`vaj /p\k.va/ <p\.kh\.va.\> fem. a
kind of drum.
p`vai6yu& /p\k.va.i.ju~/
<p\.kh\.va.i.ju~> neut. a fortnight.
p`vai6k /p\k.va.ik/ <p\.kh\.va.i.k\>
adj. fortnightly.
112
pàXvu& /p\.ka.vu~/ <p\.kha.\.vu~> v.tr.

to wash (formal).
pCcIs /p\c.cis/ <p\.ccii.s\> adj. 25

(twenty five).
pg /p\g/ <p\.g\> masc. 1. a leg 2. a

foot.
p26a4 /p\ch.a/ <p\.ch\.a.\> fem.

an act of being knocked.
pgi9yu& /p\.g\.ti.ju~/ <p\.g\.thi.ju~> neut.

a footstep.
p2a6vu& /p\.ca.vu~/ <p\.cha.\.vu~> v.tr.

1. to throw 2. to defeat .
pgpaXu& /p\g.pa.u~/ <p\.g\.pa.u~> adj.

pedestrian.
p2at /p\.cat/ <p\.cha.t\> adj.

backward.
pgpesaro /p\g.pe.sa.ro/ <p\.g\.pe.sa.ro>

masc. intrusion.
p2I /p\.ci/ <p\.chii> postp.

afterwards.
pg-r /p\g.b\r/ <p\.g\.bh\.r\> adj.

self-reliant.
p2It /p\.cit/ <p\.chii.t\> fem. a rear

wall of a building.
pgrù& /p\.g\r.ku~/ <p\.g\.r\.khu~> neut.

a shoe.
p2e6I /p\.ce.i/ <p\.che.ii> fem. a

kind of shawl.
pgrv /p\g.r\v/ <p\.g\.r\.v\> masc.

the sound of foot-steps.
pjv8I /p\.\v.i/ <p\.\.v\.ii> fem.

harassment.
pglu& /p\g.lu~/ <p\.g\.lu~> neut. a

footprint.
pjvvu& /p\.\v.vu~/ <p\.\.v\.vu~> v.tr. to

harass.
pgar /p\.gar/ <p\.ga.r\> masc. 1. pay

2. salary.
p4ko /p\.ko/ <p\.\.ko> masc. a small

piece of cloth used to wra round the
waist or
the head.
pgI /p\.gi/ <p\.gi> masc. 1. a foot-print

reader 2. a village watchman.
pgeru& /p\.ge.ru~/ <p\.ge.ru~> neut. a
foortprint.
pcr&gI /p\c.r\.gi/ <p\.c\.r\~.gii> adj.
colorful.
pcvu& /p\c.vu~/ <p\.c\.vu~> v.intr. to be
digested.
pcas /p\.cas/ <p\.ca.s\> adj. fifty.
p4p4 /p\.p\/ <p\.\.p\.\> advb.

quickly.
p4p4avvu& /p\.p\.av.vu~/
<p\.\.p\.a.v\.vu~> v.tr. to wag.
p4la; /p\.lai/ <p\.\.la.ii> fem. a
village headmans duty.
113
p4la8I /p\.la.i/ <p\.\.la.ii> fem. 1.
the wife of the village headman 2. the
wife of a Patel.
p4abaj /p\.a.ba/ <p\.a.ba.\> adj.
skilled in swordsmanship.
p4aba@ /p\.a.ba.i/ <p\.a.ba.ii> fem.
skill in swordmanship.
p4am8I /p\.am.i/ <p\.a.m\.ii> fem.
deceit by flattering.
p6tI /p\.ti/ <p\.\.tii> fem. a fall.

p6tu& /p\.tu~/ <p\.\.tu~> adj. 1.
decaying 2. falling.
p6do /p\.do/ <p\.\.do> masc. a
curtain.
p6pU2 /p\.puc/ <p\.\.puu.ch\> fem.
inquiry.
p6vu& /p\.vu~/ <p\.\.vu~> v.intr. to fall.
p4avvu& /p\.av.vu~/ <p\.a.v\.vu~> v.tr. to

cheat by flattery.
p4avaXo /p\.a.va.o/ <p\.a.va.o> masc.
a peon.
p4\4I /p\.i/ <p\.ii> fem. a strip.
p4el /p\.el/ <p\.e.l\> masc. 1. the
headman of a caste 2. the headman of a
village 3. a surname so named 4. the
name of a community.
p4\4o /p\.o/ <p\.o> masc. a belt.
p6vo /p\.vo/ <p\.\.vo> masc. the

first day of the first or second fortnight
of a Hindu month.
p6av /p\.av/ <p\.a.v\> masc. a
camp.
pi6yo /p\.i.jo/ <p\.i.jo> masc. a bowl
made of leaves.
p6I /p\.i/ <p\.ii> fem. a small
packet.
p6 /p\/ <p\.\> neut. a layer.
p6IkI /p\.i.ki/ <p\.ii.kii> fem. a very

small packet.
p6kar /p\.kar/ <p\.\.ka.r\> masc. a

challenge.
p6Iku& /p\.i.ku~/ <p\.ii.ku~> neut. a

small packet.
p6ù& /p\.ku~/ <p\.\.khu~> neut. a

side.
p8 /p\/ <p\.\> conj. 1. but 2. stll 3.

yet.
p62ayo /p\.ca.jo/ <p\.cha.jo> masc.

a shadow.
p82 /p\.\c/ <p\.\.ch\> fem. the

string of a bow.
p6tr /p\.t\r/ <p\.\.t\.r\> adj. a

base price.
pt /p\t/ <p\.\> neut. laprosy.
p6tr /p\.t\r/ <p\.\.t\.r\> adj.

uncultivated (land).
ptn /p\.t\n/ <p\.\.n\> neut. 1. a fall

2. a defeat.
114
ptrI /p\t.ri/ <p\.t\.rii> fem. a small
thin metal piece.
p{akar /p\.tr\.kar/ <p\.tr\.ka.r\> masc.

a journalist.
ptru& /p\t.ru~/ <p\.t\.ru~> neut. a sheet of

metal.
p{akar]v /p\tr.ka.r\t.r\/
<p\.tr\.ka.r\.tv\> neut. journalism.
ptvu& /p\t.vu~/ <p\.t\.vu~> v.intr. 1. to be

settled (account), 2. to end 3. to be
concluded.
p{aVyvhar /p\.tr\.vj\v.har/
<p\.tr\.vj\.v\.ha.r\> masc.
correspondance.
pt&g /p\.t\.g\/ <p\.t\~.g\> masc. a

kite.
pi{aka /p\.tri.ka/ <p\.tri.ka> fem. a

pamphlet.
pt&igyu& /p\.t\.gi.ju~/ <p\.t\~.gi.ju~> neut.

a butterfly.
p9raX /p\t.ra/ <p\.th\.ra.\> adj.

stony.
ptak6u& /p\.tak.u~/ <p\.ta.k\.u~> neut.

a small piece of paper.
p9rI /p\t.ri/ <p\.th\.rii> fem. a small

stone.
ptav4 /p\.ta.v\/ <p\.ta.v\.\> fem. a

settlement.
p9ro /p\t.ro/ <p\.th\.ro> masc. a

stone.
ptavvu& /p\.tav.vu~/ <p\.ta.v\.vu~> v.tr. 1.

to settle 2. finalise.
p9arI /p\.ta.ri/ <p\.tha.rii> fem. a bed.
ptasu& /p\.ta.su~/ <p\.ta.su~> neut. a kind

of cookie.
pit /p\.ti/ <p\.ti> masc. the husband.
pityu& /p\.ti.ju~/ <p\.ti.ju~> adj. suffering
from leprosy.
p]au /p\t.tu~/ <p\.ttu~> neut. 1. a leaf 2. a
playing card.
p]ao /p\t.to/ <p\.tto> masc. 1.
whereabouts 2. address.
pTnI /p\t.ni/ <p\.tnii> fem. the wife.
p{a /p\t.r\/ <p\.tr\> masc. a letter.
p(9r /p\t.t\r/ <p\.thth\.r\> masc. a

stone.
pd /p\d/ <p\.d\> masc. a rank.
pd /p\d/ <p\.d\> neut. a sentential
phrase.
pdvI /p\d.vi/ <p\.d\.vii> fem. 1. a title
2. a rank.
pda9R /p\.dar.t\/ <p\.da.rth\> masc. 1.
a substance 2. an object.
pda9R /p\.dar.t\/ <p\.da.rth\> masc. a
meaning of phrase.
pdavil /p\.dav.li/ <p\.da.v\.li> fem.
diction.
115
pdavvu& /p\.dav.vu~/ <p\.da.v\.vu~> v.tr.
to cause work hard.
prgju /p\r.g\.u~/ <p\.r\.g\.u> adj.

benevolent.
p(9it /p\.dd\.ti/ <p\.dhdh\.ti> fem.

a method.
prgam /p\r.gam/ <p\.r\.ga.m\> neut.

anothers village.
pd\y /p\.dj\/ <p\.dj\> neut. verse.
prcUr8 /p\r.cu.r\/ <p\.r\.cu.r\.\>

neut. 1. change (coins), 2. miscellaneous.
p0ram8I /p\d.ram.i/
<p\.dh\.ra.m\.ii> fem. a formal
visit.
prco /p\r.co/ <p\.r\.co> masc. a

miracle.
p0ravvu& /p\d.rav.vu~/ <p\.dh\.ra.v\.vu~>

v.tr. to offer respectfully.
pr@vI /p\r.i.vi/ <p\.r\.ii.vii> adj.

parasite.
p0arvu& /p\.0ar.vu~/ <p\.dha.r\.vu~>

v.intr. to come or go respectfully.
pr8vu& /p\.r\.vu~/ <p\.r\.\.v~> v.tr. to

marry.
pno /p\.no/ <p\.no> masc. breadth of

cloth.
prt /p\.r\t/ <p\.r\.t\> advb. in return.
pnotI /p\.no.ti/ <p\.no.tii> fem.

misfortune.
pnotu& /p\.no.tu~/ <p\.no.tu~> adj.
auspicious.
ppEyu& /p\.p\i.ju~/ <p\.p\i.ju~> neut.
papaya.
pr /p\r/ <p\.r\> postp. 1. on 2. over 3.
above.
prkIy /p\r.kij/ <p\.r\.kii.j\> adj. 1.
belonging to others 2. belongingto
foreign.
pr` /p\.r\k/ <p\.r\.kh\> fem. 1. a test
2. an examination.
pràvvu& /p\r.kav.vu~/ <p\.r\.kha.v\.vu~>
v.tr. to tell unscrupulously.
prt&{a /p\r.t\n.tr\/ <p\.r\.t\~.tr\> adj.

dependence.
prdado /p\r.da.do/ <p\.r\.da.do> masc.
a great grand-father.
prdu` /p\r.duk/ <p\.r\.du.kh\> neut.
others misery.
prde= /pre.de/ <p\.r\.de.\> masc. a
foreign country.
prdo /p\r.do/ <p\.r\.do> masc. a
curtain.
pr0n /p\r.d\n/ <p\.r\.dh\.n\> neut.
others money or wealth.
pr0mR /p\r.d\r.ma/ <p\.r\.dh\.rm\>
masc. others religion.
prnatIlu& /p\r.na.ti.lu~/ <p\.r\.na,tii.lu~>
adj. belonging to others caste.
116
prpuruq /p\r.pu.ru/ <p\.r\.pu.ru.s\>
masc. a man other than ones husband.
prv= /p\r.v\/ <p\.r\.v\.\> adj.

dependent.
prpo4I /p\r.po.i/ <p\.r\.po.ii> fem. a

small bubble.
prvX /p\r.v\/ <p\.r\.v\.\> neut. a

kind of vegetable.
prva /p\r.va/ <p\.r\.va> fem. care.
prpo4o /p\r.po.o/ <p\.r\.po.o> masc.

a big bubble.
prb /p\.r\b/ <p\.r\.b\> fem. a public
water house.
prbI6Iyu& /p\r.bi.i.ju~/ <p\.r\.bii.ii.ju~>
neut. an envelope.
pr-v /p\r.b\v/ <p\.r\.bh\.v\> masc.
a previous or the next birth.
prm /p\.r\m/ <p\.r\.m\> adj. highest.
prma8u /p\r.ma.u/ <p\.r\.ma.u~>
neut. an atom.
prmaTma /p\r.mat.ma/ <p\.r\.ma.tma>
masc. 1. the supreme being 2. god.
prman&d /p\r.ma.nand/
<p\.r\.ma.n\~.d\> masc. supreme
bliss.
prvangI /p\r.van.gi/ <p\.r\.va.n\.gii>

fem. permission.
prvano /p\r.va.no/ <p\.r\.va.no> masc.
a licence.
prsevo /p\r.se.vo/ <p\.r\.se.vo> masc.
perspiration.
prS{aI /p\r.stri/ <p\.r\.strii> fem. other
than ones wife.
prSpr /p\.r\s.p\r/ <p\.r\.sp\.r\> advb.
1. mutually 2. reciprocally.
pr&t u/p\.r\n.tu/ <p\.r\~.tu> advb. but.
pr&pra /p\.r\m.p\.ra/ <p\.r\~.p\.ra> fem.
a tradition.
pr&pragt /p\.r\m.p\.ra.g\t/
<p\.r\~.p\.ra.g\.t\> adj. traditional.
prma9R /p\r.mar.t\/ <p\.r\.ma.rth\>

masc. 1. the highest aim 2. benevolence.
prakaQ5a /p\.ra.ka.ta/ <p\.r\.ka.sa>

fem. 1. climax 2. extremity.
prmer /p\r.me.v\r/ <p\.r\.me.v\.r\>

masc. god.
prak/m /p\.ra.kr\m/ <p\.ra.kr\.m\>

neut. 1. an adventure 2. heroism.
prlok /p\r.lok/ <p\.r\.lo.k\> masc. the

other world where the soul is believed o
be going after death.
prak/mI /p\.ra.kr\.mi/ <p\.ra.kr\.mii>

adj. enterprising.
prv6vu& /p\r.v\.vu~/ <p\.r\.v\.\.vu~>

exp. to afford.
prajy /p\.ra.\j/ <p\.ra.\.j\> masc. a

defeat.
117
pra8e /p\.ra.e/ <p\.ra.e> advb. 1.
unwillingly 2. forcibly.
pirml /p\.ri.m\l/ <p\.ri.m\.l\> fem.

fragrance.
pra0In /p\.ra.din/ <p\.ra.dhii.n\> adj.

dependent.
pirvtRn /p\.ri.v\r.t\n/ <p\.ri.v\.rt\.n\>

neut. a change.
pirvar /p\.ri.var/ <p\.ri.va.r\> neut. a
family.
pram=R /p\.ra.m\r.\/ <p\.ra.m\.r\>

masc. contact.
prayu& /p\.ra.ju~/ <p\.ra.ju~> adj. others
piri=Q4 /p\.ri.i.\/ <p\.ri.i.s\> adj.

an appendix.
pir3 /p\.rig/ <p\.ri.dh\> masc.

circumference.
pir=Iln /p\.ri.i.l\n/ <p\.ri.ii.l\.n\>

neut. deep study.
pircy /p\.ri.c\j/ <p\.ri.c\.j\> masc.

familiarity.
pir[am /p\.ri.r\m/ <p\.ri.r\.m\> masc.

hard work.
pircairka /p\.ri.ca.ri.ka/ <p\.ri.ca.ri.ka>

fem. a maid-servant.
pirqd /p\.ri.\d/ <p\.ri.s\.d\> fem. an

assembly.
pirict /p\.ri.cit/ <p\.ri.ci.t\> adj.

knowing.
piriS9it /p\.ri.ti.ti/ <p\.ri.sthi.ti> fem.

circumstances.
pirC2ed /p\.ric.ced/ <p\.ri.cche.d\>

masc. a paragraph.
prI /p\.ri/ <p\.rii> fem. a fairy.
pir8am /p\.ri.am/ <p\.ri.a.m\> neut.

1. result 2. outcome.
pir8It /p\.ri.it/ <p\.ri.ii.t\> adj.
married.
pir0an /p\.ri.dan/ <p\.ri.dha.n\> neut.
clothing.
prIxk /p\.rik.\k/ <p\.rii.k\.k\> masc.

an examinar.
prIx8 /p\.rik.\/ <p\.rii.k\.\> neut.
a testing.
prIxa /p\.rik.a/ <p\.ri.ka> fem.
examination.
pru /p\.ru/ <p\.ru> neut. pus.
pirpkv /p\.ri.p\k.v\/ <p\.ri.p\.kva>

adj. mature.
pirbX /p\.ri.b\/ <p\.ri.b\.\> neut. 1.
force 2. a factor.
pir-aqa /p\.ri.ba.a/ <p\.ri.bha.sa>
fem. terminology.
pru& /p\.ru~/ <p\.ru~> neut. a suburban

area.
pre=an /p\.re.an/ <p\.re.a.n\> adj.
perplexed.
118
prox /p\.rok.\/ <p\.ro.k\> adj.
indirect.
pl&g /p\.l\g/ <p\.l\~.g\> masc. a big

cot.
pro7 /p\.ro/ <p\.ro.h\> neut.

daybreak.
pla&5I /p\.la~.i/ <p\.la~.hii> fem. a

posture of sitting with crossed-legs.
pro8o /p\.ro.o/ <p\.ro.o> masc. a

guest.
plIt /p\.lit/ <p\.lii.t\> neut. an evil

spirit.
propkar /p\.rop.kar/ <p\.ro.p\.ka.r\>

masc. benevolence.
plo4vu& /p\.lo.vu~/ <p\.lo.\.vu~> v.tr. to

train animals.
pvn /p\.v\n/ <p\.v\.n\> masc. wind.
propkarI /p\.rop.ka.ri/ <p\.ro.p\.ka.rii>

adj. benevolent.
piv{a /p\.vit.r\/ <p\.vi.tr\> adj. sacred.
provvu& /p\.rov.vu~/ <p].ro.v\.vu~> v.tr. 1.

to thread a needle 2. to string beads.
p=u /p\.u/ <p\.u> neut. a quadruped

animal.
pyaRPt /p\.ri.jap.t\/ <p\.rja.pt\> adj.

sufficient.
patap /p\.ca.tap/ <p\.ca.ta.p\>

masc. repentance.
pyuRq8 /p\r.ju.\/ <p\.rju.s\.\> neut.

a festival of the Jains.
pim /p\.cim/ <p\.ci.m\> adj.

western.
plk /p\.l\k/ <p\.l\.k\> fem. a moment.
pim /p\.cim/ <p\.ci.m\> fem. the

west (direction).
plk /p\.l\k/ <p\.l\.k\> fem. a

twinkling of the eye.
ps&d /p\.s\nd/ <p\.s\~.d\> fem. choice.
plkaro /p\l.ka.ro/ <p\.l\.ka.ro> masc. a

twinkling.
pStavu& /p\s.ta.vu~/ <p\.sta.vu~> v.intr. to

repent.
pl48 /p\l.\/ <p\.l\.\.\> fem. a

battalion.
pStI /p\s.ti/ <p\.stii> fem. paper scrap.
pl4vu& /p\.l\.vu~/ <p\.l\.\.vu~> v.tarns.

to change.
pl4o /p\l.o/ <p\.l\.o> masc. a big
change.
plXvu& /p\.l\.vu~/ <p\.l\.\.vu~> v.intr.
to be drenched.
pha6 /p\.ha/ <p\.ha.\> masc. a

mountain.
pha8o /p\.ha.o/ <p\.ha.o> masc. a
stone.
pher8 /p\.he.r\/ <p\.he.r\.\> neut. a
kind of shirt.
119
phervu& /p\.her.vu~/ <p\.he.r\.vu~> v.tr. to
wear.
p&gt /p\.g\t/ <p\~.g\.t\> fem. a row of

diners.
pherve= /p\.her.ve/ <p\.he.r\.ve.\>

masc. dress.
p&c /p\.c\/ <p\~.c\> neut. a arbitrator

(traditionally a body of five arbitrators).
phero /p\.he.ro/ <p\.he.ro> masc. a

watch.
p&ca8u& /p\.ca.u~/ <p\~.ca.u~> adj.

ninty five.
phel /p\.hel/ <p\.he.l\> fem. an

initiation.
p&cat /p\.cat/ <p\~.ca.t\> fem. a body

of arbitrators.
phelvan /p\.hel.van/ <p\.he.l\.va.n\>

masc. a wrestler.
p&cam<t /p\.ca.mrut/ <p\~.ca.mru.t\>

neut. a mixture of milk, yogurt, ghee,
honey and sugar.
phelu& /p\.he.lu~/ <p\.he.lu~> adj. first.

pho&c /p\.ha~c/ <p\.ho~.c\> fem. a
receipt.
pho&c /p\.ha~c/ <p\.ha~.c\> fem. a power
affecting a person, thing, or course of
events.
pho&cvu& /p\.ha~c.vu~/ <p\.ha~.c\.vu~> v.intr.
1. to reach 2. to arrive.
p&cayt /p\.ca.j\t/ <p\~.ca.j\.t\> fem. an

executive body of a caste or village.
p&cal /p\.cal/ <p\~.ca.l\> masc. a
blacksmith.
p&cavn /p\.ca.v\n/ <p\~.ca.v\.n\> adj.
fifty five.
p&ca=I /p\.ca.i/ <p\~.ca.ii> adj. eighty
five.
phoXu& /p\.ho.u~/ <p\.ho.u~> adj. broad.

pho&cI /p\.ha~.ci/ <p\.ha~.cii> fem.
wristler.
pho&co /p\.ha~.co/ <p\.ha~.co> masc. the
wrist.
pX /p\/ <p\.\> fem. 1. aperiod of
twenty four second 2. a moment.
p&ikt /p\.ki/ <p\~.kti> fem. a line.
p&Ì /p\.ki/ <p\~.khii> neut. a bird.
p&ò /p\.ko/ <p\~.kho> masc. a fan.
p&ca&g /p\.ca~.g\/ <p\~.ca~.g\> neut. an

almanac.
p&coter /p\.co.ter/ <p\~.co.te.r\> adj.
seventy five.
p&jo /p\.o/ <p\~.o> masc. 1. a paw 2.
a claw.
p&6 /p\.\/ <p\~.\> neut. the human
body.
p&i6t /p\.it/ <p\~.i.t\> masc. a
scholar.
120
p&9 /p\n.t/ <p\~.th\> masc. 1. a road, 2.
a sect 3. a cult.
pagl /pa.g\l/ <pa.g\.l\> adj. 1. mad 2.

lunatic.
p&dr /p\n.d\r/ <p\~.d\.r\> adj. fifteen.
pa36I /fem./ <pa.gh\.ii> fem. turban.
p&paXvu& /p\m.pa.vu~/ <p\~.pa.\.vu~> v.tr.

1. to pat 2. to fondle.
pa36I /fem./ <pa.gh\.ii> fem. bribe.
pa /pa/ <pa> adj. one forth.
pa36I /fem./ <pa.gh\.ii> fem. an

illegal payment for having tenancy rights
of a house, place etc.
pak /pak/ <pa.k\> masc. crop.

pak /pak/ <pa.k\> masc. pus.
pakvu& /pak.vu~/ <pa.k\.vu~> v.intr. to be
produced.
pakvu& /pak.vu~/ <pa.k\.vu~> v.intr. to
ripen.
pakvu& /pak.vu~/ <pa.t\.vu~> v.intr. the
formation of pus.
pacn /pa.c\n/ <pa.c\.n\> neut.

digestion.
pacn=ikt /pa.c\n.\k.ti/
<pa.c\.n\.\.kti> fem. digestive
power.
pa2lu& /pac.lu~/ <pa.ch\.lu~> adj. 1.
former 2. later.
pa2X /pa.c\/ <pa.ch\.\> postp.
behind.
pak=aS{a /pak.a.tr\/ <pa.k\.a.tr\>

neut. the science of cooking.
pa2u& /pa.cu~/ <pa.chu~> adj. again.
paku& /pa.ku~/ <pa.ku~> adj. ripened.
pa@ /pa.i/ <pa.ii> adj. mean.
paku& /pa.ku~/ <pa.ku~> adj. properly

cooked.
pa4 /pa/ <pa.\> masc. a plank of

wood.
paku& /pa.ku~/ <pa.ku~> adj. 1. skillful 2.

shrewd.
pa4ngr /pa.n\.g\r/ <pa.\.n\.g\.r\>

neut. the capital of a country, state etc.
paixk /pak.ik/ <pa.ki.k\> adj.

fortnightly.
pa4lUn /pa.lun/ <pa.\.luu.n\> neut.

trousers.
pa`&6 /pa.k\/ <pa.kh\~.\> neut.

deceit.
pai4yu& /pa.i.ju~/ <pa.i.ju~> neut. 1. a

board 2. a black-board.
pa`&6I /pa.k\.i/ <pa.kh\~.ii> adj.

deceitful.
pa4Idar /pa.i.dar/ <pa.i.da.r\> masc. a

name of a caste.
121
pa4u /pa.u~/ <pa.u> neut. a kick.
pa5 /pa/ <pa.h\> masc. a reading.
pa8Icu& /pa.i.cu~/ <pa.ii.cu~> neut.

discharge from a position of
employment:
pa5 /pa/ <pa.h\> masc. a

punishment.
pa8Idar /pa.i.dar/ <pa.ii.da.r\> adj.

sharp.
pa5 /pa/ <pa.h\> masc. a school

lesson.
patXu& /pat.u~/ <pa.t\.u~> adj. thin.
pa5vvu& /pa.\v.vu~/ <pa.h\.v\.vu~> v.tr.

to send.
pa9r8u& /pa.t\r.u~/ neut. a carpet.

padrI /pad.ri/ <pa.d\.rii> masc. a
Christian priest.
pa6vu& /pa.vu~/ <pa.\.vu~> v.tr. to

cause to fall.
pan /pan/ <pa.n\> neut. a leaf.
pa6vu& /pa.vu~/ <pa.\.vu~> v.tr. to

draw.
pan`r /pan.k\r/ <pa.n\.kh\.r\> fem.

the fall (season).
pa6I /pa.i/ <pa.ii> fem. a female calf

of a buffalo.
panI /pa.ni/ <pa.nii> fem. the heel.
pa6u& /pa.u~/ <pa.u~> neut. a calf of a

buffalo.
pa6o /pa.o/ <pa.o> masc. a male calf
of a buffalo.
pa6o= /pa.o/ <pa.o.\> masc.
neighborhood.
pa6o=I /pa.o.i/ <pa.o.ii> masc. a
neighbor.
panu& /pa.nu~/ <pa.nu~> neut. 1. a leaf of a

book 2. a playing card.
panetr /pa.ne.t\r/ <pa.ne.t\.r\> neut. a
wedding sari.
pap6 /pa.p\/ <pa.p\.\> masc. a food
item.
pap6I /pap.i/ <pa.p\.ii> fem. a pod
of a kind of pulse.
papI /pa.pi/ <pa.pii> adj. sinful.
pa6o=8 /pa.o.\/ <pa.o.\.\> fem.

a female neighbor.
pai8yaru& /pa.i.ja.ru~/ <pa.i.ja.ru~> neut.
a water room in a house.
pa8I /pa.i/ <pa.ii> neut. water.
pamr /pa.m\r/ <pa.m\.r\> adj.

miserable.
pamvu& /pam.vu~/ <pa.m\.vu~> v.dat. to
gain.
payjamo /paj.a.mo/ <pa.j\.a.mo> masc.
trousers.
122
paymal /paj.mal/ <pa.j\.ma.l\> adj. 1.

ruined 2. destroyed.
payl /pa.j\l/ <pa.j\.l\> neut. a tinkling
anklet.
payo /pa.jo/ <pa.j\.l\> masc. a
foundation.
pairjat /pa.ri.at/ <pa.ri.a.t\> neut. a

pairtoiqk /pa.ri.to.ik/ <pa.ri.to.si.k\>
neut. a prize.
parevu& /pa.re.vu~/ <pa.re.vu~> neut. a
pegion.
parku& /par.ku~/ <pa.r\.ku~> adj. others
palk /pa.l\k/ <pa.l\.k\> adj. a

guardian.
par`vu& /pa.r\k.vu~/ <pa.r\.kh\.vu~> v.tr.

to test.
palÌ /pal.ki/ <pa.l\.khii> fem. a

palanquin.
parù& /par.ku~/ <pa.r\.khu~> neut. a test.
palvvu& /pa.l\v.vu~/ <pa.l\.v\.vu~> v.tr. to

rear.
par8u& /par.u~/ <pa.r\.u~> neut. a

cradle.
par8u& /par.u~/ <pa.r\.u~> neut. a
dinner after completation of a fast.
palvvu& /pa.l\v.vu~/ <pa.l\.v\.vu~> v.exp.

to afford.
palo /pa.lo/ <pa.lo> masc. green
foliage.
pard=Rk /par.d\r.\k/ <pa.r\.d\.r\.k\>

adj. transparent.
pavtI /pav.ti/ <pa.v\.tii> fem. a receipt.
par3I /par.gi/ <pa.r\.ghii> masc. a

hunter.
pavr0u& /pa.v\r.du~/ <pa.v\.r\.dhu~> adj.

proficient.
parsmi8 /pa.r\s.m\.i/
<pa.r\.s\.m\.ii> masc. a
mythological stone that turnn iron
into gold.
pasu& /pa.su~/ <pa.su~> neut. a side.
parsI /par.si/ <pa.r\.sii> masc. a name

of a community.
par&gt /pa.r\m.g\t/ <pa.r\~.g\.t\> adj.
expert.
paray8 /pa.ra.j\/ <pa.ra.j\.\> neut. a
recitation of a religious text.
pase /pa.se/ <pa.se> postp. near.

paX /pa/ <pa.\> fem. an edge of a
water form.
paXvu& /pa.vu~/ <pa.\.vu~> v.tr. 1. to
foster 2. to bring up.
paiXyo /pa.i.jo/ <pa.i.jo> masc. a
memorial stone.
pa&` /pa~k/ <pa~.kh\> fem. a wing.
123
ip]a /pit.t\/ <pi.tt\> neut. bile.
pa&`6I /pa~k.i/ <pa~.kh\.ii> fem. a
petal.
ip]aX /pit.t\/ <pi.tt\.\> neut. brass.
pa&ù& /pa~.ku~/ <pa~.khu~> adj. 1. not

dense 2. thinly catered.
ip{aa; /pit.rai/ <pi.tr\.ii> masc. a

cousin.
pa&grvu& /pa~.g\r.vu~/ <pa~.g\.r\.vu~> v.intr.

to blossom.
iptra; /pi.t\.rai/ <pi.t\.ra.ii> masc. a

cousin.
pa&c /pa~c/ <pa~.c\> adj. five.
ippU6I /pi.pu.i/ <pi.puu.ii> fem. a

pipe-like whistle.
pa&cm /pa~.c\m/ <pa~.c\.m\> fem. the

fifth day of either of the fortnight of the
Hindu calander.
ipyr /pi.j\r/ <pi.j\.r\> neut. the paternal

house of a married woman.
pa&jrapoX /pa~.ra.po/ <pa~.\.ra.po.\>

fem. a charitable aylum for domestic
animals and birds.
ipyu /pi.ju/ <pi.ju> masc. a lover.
pa&jru& /pa~.ru~/ <pa~.\.ru~> neut. a cage.
ip=ac /pi.ac/ <pi.a.c\> neut. ghost.
pa&{aIs /pa~t.ris/ <pa~.trii.s\> adj. thirty

five.
ipStaXIs /pis.ta.is/ <pi.sta.ii.s\> adj.

forty-five.
pa&9I /pa~.ti/ <pa~.thii> fem. the line

caused by combed hair.
ip&6I /pi.i/ <pi~.ii> fem. the calf of

the leg.
pa&d6I /pa~d.i/ <pa~.d\.ii> fem. a small

tender leaf.
pIgXvu& /pi.g\.vu~/ <pii.g\.\.vu~> v.intr.

to melt.
pa&p8 /pa~.p\/ <pa~.p\.\> fem. the eyelash.
pI2u& /pi.cu~/ <pii.chu~> neut. a feather.
pa&s5 /pa~.s\/ <pa~.s\.h\> adj. sixty

five.
pa&sXI /pa~.s\.i/ <pa~.s\.ii> fem. a rib.
ipckarI /pic.ka.ri/ <pi.c\.ka.rii> fem. a
kind of water-gun.
ipta /pi.ta/ <pi.ta> masc. the father.
ipLlu& /pil.lu~/ <pi.llu~> neut. a skein.
pI2eh5 /pi.ce.h\/ <pii.che.h\.h\>

fem. a retreat.
pI2o /pi.co/ <pii.cho> masc. a pursuit.
pI4vu& /pi.vu~/ <pii.\.vu~> v.tr. to beat
severely.
pI5 /pi/ <pii.h\> fem. the back (of the
body).
124
pI5Ika /pi.i.ka/ <pii.hii.ka> fem. a

background.
pI5I /pi.i/ <pii.hii> fem. fragrant
yellow mixture applied to the bodies of
the bridegroom and the bride.
pI6a /pi.a/ <pii.a> fem. pain.
pI8u& /pi.u~/ <pii.u~> neut. drink.
pu~t /puk.t\/ <pu.kht\> adj. mature.

pu*y /pu.j\/ <pu.j\> neut.
righteousness.
pu{a /put.r\/ <pu.tr\> masc. a son.
pu{av0U /put.r\.v\.du/ <pu.tr\.v\.dhuu>
fem. a sons wife.
pU{aI /put.ri/ <pu.trii> fem. a daughter.
pIp /pip/ <pii.p\> neut. a barrel.

punr\ /pu.n\r/ <pu.n\.r> advb. again.
pIpX /pi.p\/ <pii.p\.\> fem. a kind of
tree.
pIpXo /pip.o/ <pii.p\.o> fem. a kind of
tree.
pIrsvu& /pi.r\s.vu~/ <pii.r\.s\.vu~> v.tr. to
serve food (formal).
pIlvu& /pil.vu~/ <pii.l\.vu~> v.tr. to crush.
pIlu& /pi.lu~/ <pii.lu~> neut. a baby
chicken.
pIvu& /pi.vu~/ <pii.vu~> v.tr. to drink.
pIsvu& /pis.vu~/ <pii.s\.vu~> v.tr. to grind.
pIXa= /pi.a/ <pii.a.\> fem.
yellowness.
pIXu& /pi.u~/ <pii.u~> adj. yellow.
pI&`vu& /pi~k.vu~/ <pi~.kh\.vu~> v.tr. to
ransack.
pI&jvu& /pi~.vu~/ <pi~.\.vu~> v.tr. 1. to
card 2. to comb 3. to lengthen a talk etc.
unduly.
punravlokn /pun.rav.lo.k\n/
<pu.n\.ra.v\.lo.k\.n\> neut. a
revision.
puravtRn /pun.ra.v\r.t\n/
<pu.n\.ra.v\.rt\.n\> neut. a
repetition.
punrav<i]a /pun.ra.vrut.ti/
<pu.n\.ra.vru.tti> fem. a reprint.
punruikt /pu.n\.ru.kti/ <pu.n\.ru.kti>
fem. a repetition (of an expression).
punjRNm /pu.n\r.\n.m\/
<pu.n\.r\.nm\> masc. a rebirth.
punlRGn /pu.n\r.l\g.n\/ <pu.n\.rl\.gn\>
neut. a remarriage.
puint /pu.nit/ <pu.ni.t\> adj. holy.
purbhar /pur.b\.har/ <pu.r\.b\.ha.r\>
adj. at the climax.
purv5o /pur.v\.o/ <pu.r\.v\.ho> masc.
supply.
125
purv8I /pu.r\v.i/ <pu.r\.v\.ii> fem. a
supplement.
puiStka /pus.ti.ka/ <pu.sti.ka> fem. a

booklet.
purvar /pur.var/ <pu.r\.va.r\> adj.

proved.
puiLl&g /pul.ling/ <pu.lli~.g\> neut.

masculine.
purSktaR /pu.r\s.k\r.ta/ <pu.r\.sk\.rta>

masc. an originator.
pU2pr2 /puc.p\.r\c/
<puu.ch\.p\.r\.ch\> fem. a verbal
inquiry.
purSkar /pu.r\s.kar/ <pu.r\.ska.r\>

masc. a prize.
pura8 /pu.ra/ <pu.ra.\> neut. Purana.

pura8u& /pu.ra.u~/ <pu.ra.u~> adj. 1.
ancient 2. old.
puratn /pu.ra.t\n/ <pu.ra.t\.n\> adj.
ancient.
puravo /pu.ra.vo/ <pu.ra.vo> masc. 1. a
proof 2. an evidence 3. a testimony.
pura&t /pu.ra~nt/ <pu.ra~.t\> fem. balance
(in account).
puruq /pu.ru/ <pu.ru.s\> masc. 1. a
man 2. a husband.
puroiht /pu.ro.hit/ <pu.ro.hi.t\> masc. a
family prist.
pulav /pu.lav/ <pu.la.v\> masc. a food
item (made of rice).
puQkX /pu.k\/ <pu.sk\.\> adj.
plentiful.
pU2vu& /puc.vu~/ <puu.ch\.vu~> v.tr. 1. to

ask 2. to inquire.
pUjvu& /pu.vu~/ <puu.\.vu~> v.tr. to
worship.
pUja /pu.a/ <puu.a> fem. worship.
pUjapo /pu.a.po/ <puu.a.po> masc.
articles of worship.
pUjar8 /pu.a.r\/ <puu.a.r\.\> fem.
a female worshiper.
pUjarI /pu.a.ri/ <puu.a.rii> masc. a
male worshiper.
pUjy /pu.j\/ <puu.j\> adj. worth
worshiping (lit. meaning). Used to
address
the elders in letter writing.
pU5 /pu/ <puu.h\> fem. the back.
pUtXI /put.i/ <puu.t\.ii> fem. 1. a doll
2. the pupil of the eye.
puQp /pu.p\/ <pu.sp\> neut. a flower.
pUrk /pu.r\k/ <pu.r\.k\> adj.

supplementary.
puStk /pus.t\k/ <pu.st\.k\> neut. a

book.
pUrtu& /pur.tu~/ <puu.r\.tu~> adj.

sufficient.
126
pUrpa4 /pur.pa/ <puu.r\.pa.\> advb.
at full speed.
pUXo /pu.o/ <puu.o> masc. a bundle of

grass.
pUrvu& /pur.vu~/ <puu.r\.vu~> v.tr. to fill

up air etc.
pU&26u& /pu~c.u~/ <puu~.ch\.u~> neut. a

tail.
pUrI /pu.ri/ <puu.rii> fem. a food item.
pU&@ /pu~.i/ <puu~.ii> fem. wealth.
pUru& /pu.ru~/ <puu.ru~> adj. complete.
pU&jo /pu~.o/ <puu~.o> masc. dirt.
pUrepUru& /pu.re.pu.ru~/ <puu.re.pu.ru~> adj.

absolutely complete.
p<(9kr8 /pru.t\k.k\.r\/
<pru.thth\.k\.r\.\> neut. analysis.
pU8R /pur.\/ <puu.r\> adj. complete.
p<(vI /pru.tvi/ <pruth\.vii> fem. the

earth.
pU8Rivram /pur.\.vi.ram/
<puu.r\.vi.ra.m\> neut. a full-stop.
pU8aR&k /pur.a~k/ <puu.ra~.k\> masc. an
integer.
pUi8Rma /pur.i.ma/ <puu.ri.ma> fem. a
full moon day.
pe4 /pe/ <pe.\> neut. 1. the stomach 2,

the belly.
pe4-ru& /pe.b\.ru~`/ <pe.\.bh\.ru~> adj.
self-centered.
pe4avvu& /pe.av.vu~/ <pe.a.v\.vu~> v.tr. 1.
to light 2. to ignite 3. to kindle.
pUvR /pur.v\/ <puu.rv\> adj. east.

pe4I /pe.i/ <pe.ii> fem. a box.
pUvRg/h /pur.v\.gr\.h\/ <puu.rv\.gr\.h\>
masc. prejudice.
pUvRj /pur.v\/ <puu.rv\.\> masc. an
ancestor.
pUvRjNm /pur.v\.\n.m\/
<puu.rv\.\.nm\> masc. a previous
birth.
pe7I /pe.i/ <pe.hii> fem. a business

house.
pe7u& /pe.u~/ <pe.hu~> neut. the gum of
a tooth.
pe8I /p.i/ <pe.ii> fem. a frying pan.
pelu& /pe.lu~/ <pe.lu~> pron. that.
pUvRpx /pur.v\.p\k.\/ <puu.rv\.p\.k\>

masc. an initail argument.
pe=ab /pe.ab/ <pe.a.b\> masc. urine.
pUvaRpr /pur.va.p\r/ <puu.rva.p\.r\>

adj. contextual.
pesvu& /pes.vu~/ <pe.s\.vu~> v.intr. to

eneter.
127
pe&6o /pe.o/ <pe~.o> masc. a kind of
sweet.
pe&tro /p~t.ro/ <pe~.t\.ro> masc. a
stratagem.
pote /po.te/ <po.te> pron. self.

po9I /po.ti/ <po.thii> fem. an unbound
book.
pE6u& /p\i.u~/ <p\i.u~> neut. a wheel.
podXo /pod.o/ <po.d\.o> masc. a lump

of fresh dung.
pEsadar /p\i.sa.dar/ <p\i.sa.da.r\> adj.

rich.
popcu& /pop.cu~/ <po.p\.cu~> neut. the

eye-lid.
pEso /p\i.so/ <p\i.so> masc. 1. money

2. a one paisa coin.
pop4 /po.p\/ <po.p\.\> masc. a

parrot.
pok /pok/ <po.k\> fem. a lod cry of

wailing.
pop6o /pop.o/ <po.p\.o> masc. a thin

crust.
pokX /po.k\/ <po.k\.\> adj. hollow.
poy8u& /poj.u~/ <po.j\.u~> neut. a white

lotus.
pokar /po.kar/ <po.ka.r\> masc. a loud

cry.
polad /po.lad/ <po.la.d\> neut. steel.
pocu& /po.cu~/ <po.chu~> adj. soft.
polu& /po.lu~/ <po.lu~> adj. hollow.
po4lI /po.li/ <po.\.lii> fem. a small

bundle.
po=ak /po.ak/ <po.a.k\> masc.

apparel.
po5 /po/ <po.h\> fem. a caravan.
poq /po/ <po.s\> masc. the third

month of the Vikram samvat.
po7vu& /po.vu~/ <po.h\.vu~> v.intr. to

sleep (literary, formal).
poqk /po.\k/ <po.s\.k\> adj. nutritive.
po8u& /po.u~/ <po.u~> adj. equal to

three quarters.
poq8 /po.\/ <po.s\.\> neut. 1.

nourishment 2. nutrition.
po8oso /po.o.so/ <po.o.so> adj. 3/4th

of hundred.
poX /po/ <po.\> fem. a street

(originally with a gate).
pot /pot/ <po.t\> neut. texture.
po&k /p~k/ <po~.k\> masc. roasted green

grains of ceratin corns such as wheat,
etc.
potu& /po.tu~/ <po.tu~> neut. a wet piece of

cloth used for cleaning various surfaces.
128
po&`vu& /p~k.vu~/ <po~.kh\.vu~> v.tr. the
formal ritual of receiving bride and
bridegroom.
pO{a /p\ut.r\/ <p\u.tr\> masc. a
grandson.
pO{aI /p\ut.ri/ <p\u.trii> fem. a
granddaughter.
pOrai8k /p\u.ra.ik/ <p\u.ra.i.k\> adj.
related to the Puranas.
pOiQ4k /p\u.ik/ <p\u.si.k\> adj.
nutritious.
pOAa /p\u.a/ <p\u.a> masc. a kind of
rice flake.
p/g4vu& /pr\.g\.vu~/ <pr\.g\.\.vu~>

v.intr. to come into existence.
p/git /pr\.g\.ti/ <pr\.g\.ti> fem.
progress.
p/cilt /pr\.c\.lit/ <pr\.c\.li.t\> adj.
prevalent.
p/c&6 /pr\.c\.\/ <pr\.c\~.\> adj.
terribly huge.
p/car /pr\.car/ <pr\.ca.r\> masc.
propaganda.
p/cur /pr\.cur/ <pr\.cu.r\> adj.
excessive.
p/k4 /pr\.k\/ <pr\.k\.\> adj. open.
p/C2Nn /pr\.c\nn/ <pr\.ch\.nn\> adj.

covered.
p/kr8 /pr\k.r\/ <pr\.k\.r\.\> neut.

1. a chapter 2. a subject.
p/jnn /pr\.\.n\n/ <pr\.\.n\.n\> neut.

biological reproduction
p/kar /pr\.kar/ <pr\.ka.r\> masc. 1. sort

2. kind.
p/jXvu& /pr\.\.vu~/ <pr\.\.\.vu~> v.intr.

to burn.
p/ka= /pr\.ka/ <pr\.ka.\> masc. light.
p/ja /pr\.a/ <pr\.a> fem. people.
p/ka=vu& /pr\.ka.vu~/ <pr\.ka.\.vu~>

v.intr. 1. to shine 2. to glow.
p/jas]aak /pr\.a.s\t.tak/
<pra.a.s\.tta.k\> adj. republic.
p/k<it /pr\.kru.ti/ <pr\.kru.ti> fem.

nature.
p/8am /pr\.am/ <pr\.a.m\> masc. 1.

a bow 2. a salutation.
p/kop /pr\.kop/ <pr\.ko.p\> masc.

anger.
p/8alI /pr\.a.li/ <pr\.a.mii> fem. 1. a

custom 2. a tradition.
p/k/Iya /pr\.kri.ja/ <pr\.krii.ja> fem. a

method.
p/8alIka /pr\.a.li.ka/ <pr\.a.lii.ka>

fem. 1. a custom 2. a tradition.
p/~yat /pr\k.jat/ <pr\.khja.t\> adj.

renowned.
p/8eta /pr\.e.ta/ <pr\.e.ta> masc. 1.

the author 2. the originator.
129
p/t /pr\t/ <pr\.t\> fem. a copy of a

book.
p/itvad /pr\.ti.vad/ <pr\.ti.va.d\> masc.

refutation.
p/it /pr\.ti/ <pr\.ti> postp. towards.
p/itQ5a /pr\.ti.a/ <pr\.ti.sha> fem.

reputation.
p/itkar /pr\.ti.kar/ <pr\.ti.k\.r\> masc.

resistance.
p/itkaVy /pr\.ti.kav.j\/ <pr\.ti.ka.vj\>
neut. a parody.
p/itkUX /pr\.ti.ku/ <pr\.ti.kuu.\> adj.
unsuitable.
p/itik/ya /pr\.ti.kri.ja/ <pr\.ti.kri.ja> fem.
reaction.
p/it3oq /pr\.ti.go/ <pr\.ti.gho.s\>
masc. an echo.
p/it}aa /pr\.tig.na/ <pr\.ti.gna> fem. 1. a
vow 2. a promise.
p/it)vin /pr\.ti.dv\.ni/ <pr\.ti.dhv.ni>
masc. an echo.
p/itini0 /pr\.ti.ni.di/ <pr\.ti.ni.dhi>
masc. a representative.
p/itpx /pr\.ti.p\k.\/ <pr\.ti.p\.k\>
masc. an opposite argument.
p/itb&0 /pr\.ti.b\n.d\/ <pr\.ti.b\~.dh\>
masc. 1. prohibition 2. restriction.
p/itib&b /pr\.ti.bim.b\/ <pr\.ti.bi~.b\>
neut. a reflection.
p/it-a /pr\.ti.ba/ <pr\.ti.bha> fem.
natural or extraordinary mental faculty.
p/itro0 /pr\.ti.rod/ <pr\.ti.ro.dh\>
masc. resistance.
p/itSp0IR /pr\.ti.sp\r.di/
<pr\.ti.sp\.rdhii> masc. a rival.
p/ithar /pr\.ti.har/ <pr\.ti.ha.r\> masc.
a gate-keeper.
p/tIk /pr\.tik/ <pr\.tii.k\> neut. a
symbol.
p/tIxa /pr\.tik.a/ <pr\.tii.ka> fem. a
waiting for.
p/tIit /pr\.ti.ti/ <pr\.tii.ti> fem.
conviction.
p/Tyx /pr\.tj\k.\/ <pr\.tj\.k\> adj. 1.
visible 2. the knowledge gain through
senses.
p/Tyy /pr\.tj\.j\/ <pr\.tj\.j\> masc. an
affix.
p/Ty&Cya /pr\.tj\n.ca/ <pr\.tj\~.ca> fem.
the string of a bow.
p/Tyagmn /pr\t.ja.g\.m\n/
<pr\.tja.g\.m\.n\> neut. a return.
p/Tyu]ar /pr\t.u.tt\r/ masc. 1. a reply 2. a
rejoinder.
p/Tye /pr\t.je/ <pr\.tje> postp. 1. at 2.
towards.
p/Tyek /pr\t.jek/ <pr\.tje.k\> adj. every
one.
130
p/9m /pr\.t\m/ <pr\.th\.m\> adj. 1.

first 2. fundamental 3. initial.
p/-av /pr\.bav/ <pr\.bha.v\> masc. 1.

effectiveness 2. influence.
p/9ma /pr\.t\.ma/ <pr\.th\.ma> fem. a

nominative case.
p/-u /pr\.bu/ <pr\.bhu> masc. god.
p/9a /pr\.ta/ <pr\.tha> fem. 1. a custom

2. a tradition.
p/dix8a /pr\.d\k.i.a/ <pr\.d\.ki.a>
fem. moving circular (left to right)
motion round a person or thing as a part
of a religious ritual.
p/-u]v /pr\.but.v\/ <pr\.bhu.ttv\>

neut. mastery.
p/m]a /pr\.m\t.t\/ <pr\.m\.tt\> adj.
excited.
p/ma8 /pr\.ma/ <pr\.ma.\> neut. 1.
norm 2. standard 3. proof (in logic).
p/d=Rk /pr\.d\r.\k/ <pr\.d\.r\.k\>

masc. exhibitor.
p/ma8-Ut /pr\.ma.but/
<pr\.ma.\.bhuu.t\> adj. reliable.
p/d=Rn /pr\.d\r.\n/ <pr\.d\.r\.n\>

neut. exhibition.
p/mai8k /pr\.ma.ik/ <pr\.ma.i.k\>

adj. honesty.
p/dan /pr\.dan/ <pr\.da.n\> neut.

contribution.
p/mad /pr\.mad/ <pr\.ma.d\> masc.

laziness.
p/de= /pr\.de/ <pr\.de.\> masc. 1. a

region 2. territory.
p/mu` /pr\.muk/ <pr\.mu.kh\> masc.

1. chief 2. president.
p/doq /pr\.do/ <pr\.do.s\> masc. dusk.
p/mey /pr\.me.j\/ <pr\.me.j\> masc. a

theorem.
p/0an /pr\.dn/ <pr\.dha.n\> masc.

minister.
p/p&c /pr\.p\c/ <pr\.p\~.c\> masc.
deceit.
p/bX /pr\.b\/ <pr\.b\.\> adj. very
strong.
p/-at /pr\.bat/ <pr\.bha.t\> neut.
dawn.
p/-aityu& /pr\.ba.ti.ju~/ <pr\.bha.ti.ju~>
neut. a devotional song that sung at
dawn.
p/yTn /pr\.j\t.n\/ <pr\.j\.tn\> masc. an

effort.
p/ya8 /pr\.ja/ <pr\.ja.\> neut. a
departure.
p/yas /pr\.jas/ <pr\.ja.s\> masc. an
effort.
p/yog /pr\.jog/ <pr\.jo.g\> masc. 1. an
experiment 2. a trial.
131
p/yojk /pr\.jo.\k/ <pr\.jo.\.k\> masc.
an organizer.
p/s&=a /pr\.\m.a/ <pr\.s\~.a> fem.

eulogy.
p/ly /pr\.l\j/ <pr\.l\.j\> masc.

destruction of the creation by a deluge.
p/ /pr\.n\/ <pr\.n\> masc. a

question.
p/lap /pr\.lap/ <pr\.la.p\> masc. 1.

lamentation 2. prattle.
p/p{a /pr\.n\.p\t.r\/ <pr\.n\.p\.tr\>

neut. a question paper.
p/lo-n /pr\.lo.b\n/ <pr\.lo.bh\.n\>

neut. a temptation.
p/sNn /pr\.s\n.n\/ <pr\.s\.nn\> adj. 1.

pleased 2. satisfied.
p/vcn /pr\.v\.c\n/ <pr\.v\.c\.n\> neut.

a lecture.
p/srvu& /pr\.s\r.vu~/ <pr\.s\.r\.vu~> v.intr.

to spread.
p/vah /pre.vah/ <pr\.va.h\> masc. 1. a

flow 2. a current.
p/s&g /pr\.s\g/ <pr\.s\~.g\> masc. 1. an

occasion 2. an event.
p/vahI /pr\.va.hi/ <pr\.va.hii> fem.

liquid.
p/sad /pr\.sad/ <pr\.sa.d\> masc. 1.

grace 2. favor.
p/vahI /pr\.va.hi/ <pr\.va.hii> adj.

liquid.
p/sadI /pr\.sa.di/ <pr\.sa.dii> fem. 1a

thing or etable offered to a deity.
p/vI8 /pr\.vi/ <pr\.vii.\> adj. expert.
p/sa0n /pr\.sa.d\n/ <pr\.sa.dh\.n\>

neut. equipment.
p/v<i]a /pr\.vrut.ti/ <pr\.vru.tti> fem.

activity.
p/ve= /pr\.ve/ <pr\.ve.\> masc.
entrance.
p/ve=k /pr\.ve.\k/ <pr\.ve.\.k\> masc.
introduction of a book or a play etc.
p/vei=ka /pr\.ve.i.ka/ <pr\.ve.i.ka> fem.
an introductory book.
p/=iSt /pr\.\s.ti/ <pr\.\.sti> fem.
eulogy.
p/s&=k /pr\.\m.\k/ <pr\.s\~.\.k\>
masc. admirer.
p/sar /pr\.sar/ <pr\.sa.r\> masc.

spread.
p/is)0 /pr\.sid.d\/ <pr\.si.dhdh\> adj.
famous.
p/Stav /pr\s.tav/ <pr\.sta.v\> masc. a
proposal.
p/S9an /pr\s.tan/ <pr\.stha.n\> neut. a
departure.
p/hsn /pr\.h\.s\n/ <pr\.h\.s\.n\> neut.
a comical play.
p/har /pr\.har/ <pr\.ha.r\> masc. 1. a
blow 2. a striking.
132
p/acIn /pra.cin/ <pra.cii.n\> adj.

ancient.
p/exk /prek.\k/ <pre.k\.k\> masc. 1.

an onlooker 2. a member in audience 3. a
spectator.
p/a8 /pr\/ <pra.\> masc. breath.
p/et /pret/ <pre.t\> neut. a ghost.
p/a8I /pra.i/ <pra.ii> neut. an animal.
p/em /prem/ <pre.m\> masc. love.
p/a9imk /prat.mik/ <pra.th\.mi.k\> adj.

primary.
p/erk /pre.r\k/ <pre.r\.k\> adj. 1.

inspiring 2. causal (form).
p/adei=k /pra.de.ik/ <pra.de.i.k\> adj.

1. regional 2. territorial.
p/er8a /pre.r\.a/ <pre.r\.a> fem.

inspiration.
p/a0aNy /pra.dan.j\/ <pra.dha.nj\> neut.

priority.
p/ervu& /prer.vu~/ <pre.r\.vu~> v.tr. 1. to

inspire 2. to encourage.
p/a)yapk /pra.dja.p\k/ <pra.dhja.p\.k\>

masc. a professor.
p/oTsahn /prot.sa.h\n/ <pro.tsa.h\.n\>

neut. encouragement.
p/ayit /pra.j\.cit/ <pra.j\.ci.t\> neut.

repentance.
p/O7 /pr\u/ <pr\u.h\> adj. mature.
p/ayoigk /pra.jo.gik/ <pra.jo.gi.k\> adj.

experimental.
p/arB0 /pra.r\b.d\/ <pra.r\.bdh\> neut.

1. fate 2. destiny.
fkro /p\k.ro/ <ph\.k\.ro> masc. a

paragraph.
p/as /pras/ <pra.s\> masc. rhyming.
fkIr /p\.kir/ <ph\.kii.r\> masc. a

Muslim ascetic.
p/as&igk /pra.s\m.gik/ <pra.s\~.gi.k\>

adj. 1. unusual 2. incidental.
p/a&t /prant/ <pra~.t\> masc. a province.
ip/y /pri.j\/ <pri.j\> adj. 1. dear 2.
beloved.
p/It /prit/ <prii.t\> fem. 1. love 2.
affection.
fkIrI /p\.ki.ri/ <ph\.kii.rii> fem.

saintly life.
fKt /p\k.t\/ <ph\.kt\> advb. only.
fgavvu& /p\.gav.vu~/ <ph\.ga.v\.vu~> v.tr.
to reject (little rudely).
fjetI /p\.e.ti/ <ph\.e.tii> fem.
disgrace.
f4 /p\/ <ph\.\> advb. `shame shame
133
f4k6I /p\.\k.i/ <ph\.\.k\.ii> fem.

alum.
f4kvu& /p\.\k.vu~/ <ph\.\.k\.vu~> v.intr.
to go astray.
f8sI /p\.si/ fem. a kind of vegetable

pod.
ftvo /p\t.vo/ masc. a religious
command (in Islam).
fteh /p\.teh/ <ph\.te.h\> fem. victory.
f4karvu& /p\.kar.vu~/ <ph\.\.ka.v\.vu~>

v.tr. 1. to beat 2. to give a blow 3. to hit
(a ball).
ffXtu& /p\.p\.tu~/ <ph\.ph\.\.tu~> adj.

boiling.
f4kIyu& /p\.\k.(i).ju~/ <ph\.\.kii.ju~> adj.

easily breakable.
frk /p\.r\k/ <ph\.r\.k\> masc.

difference.
f4ko /p\.ko/ <ph\.\.ko> masc. loss

(in business).
frkvu& /p\.r\k.vu~/ <ph\.r\.k\.vu~>

v.intr. to flutter.
f4ko /p\.ko/ <ph\.\.ko> masc. a

young beautiful girl. (slang).
frj /p\.r\/ <ph\.r\.\> fem. duty.
f4ak6o /p\.ak.o/ <ph\.\.k\.o> masc.

a fire-cracker.
f4a8u& /p\.a.u~/ <ph\.\.u~> neut. an
abusive marriage song.
f6k /p\.\k/ <ph\.\.k\> fem. a flap
of a garment.
f6ko /p\.ko/ <ph\.\.ko> masc.
sudden terror.
f6co /p\.co/ <ph\.\.co> masc. 1.
disposal 2. liquidation of debts.
f4af4 /p\.a.p\/ <p\.a.ph\.\> advb.
non-stop.
f8go /p\.go/ <ph\.\.ko> masc. a
shoot (of a plant, etc.).
f8s /p\.\s/ neut. a kind of fruit.
frijyat /p\r.i.jat/ <ph\.r\.i.ja.t\> adj.

compulsory.
frtaram /p\r.ta.ram/ <ph\.r\.ta.ra.m\>
masc. a wandering man.
frtu& /p\r.tu~/ <ph\.r\.tu~> adj.
surrounding.
frfiryu& /p\r.p\r.(i).ju~/
<ph\.r\.ph\.ri.ju~> neut. a pamphlet.
frman /p\r.man/ <ph\.r\.ma.n\> neut.
an order.
frvu& /p\r.vu~/ <ph\.r\.vu~> v.intr. to
move.
frsa8 /p\r.sa/ <ph\.r\.sa.\> neut.
fried tasty food items.
frak /p\.rak/ <ph\.ra.k\> neut. a
frock.
134
fraX /p\.ra/ <ph\.ra.\> masc. light
food taken while fasting.
firyad /p\.ri.jad/ <ph\.ri.ja.d\> fem. a
complain.
firyadI /p\.ri.ja.di/ <ph\.ri.ja.dii>
masc. a complainant.
f&6 /p\n/ <ph\~.\> masc. fund.

f&fosvu& /p\m.pos.vu~/ <ph\~.pho.s\.vu~>
v.tr. to search minutely.
fakvu& /p\k.vu~/ <pha.k\.vu~> v.tr. to
have a mouthful of a powdery thing.
frI /p\.ri/ <ph\.rii> advb. again.
fakI /pa.ki/ <pha.kii> fem. powdered

medicine.
fla8u& /p\.la.u~/ <ph\.la.u~> neut. 1.

some one 2. some thing.
fako /pa.ko/ <pha.ko> masc. an act of

placing a mouthful of a powdery thing.
flahar /p\.la.har/ <ph\.la.ha.r\> masc.

fruit diet.
fag8 /pa.g\/ <pha.g\.\> masc. the

fifth month of the Vikram year.
fskvu& /p\.s\k.vu~/ <ph\.s\.k\.vu~>

v.intr. to burst down with the sound of
tearing.
facr /pa.c\r/ <pha.c\.r\> fem. a wage.
fsavu& /p\.sa.vu~/ <ph\.sa.vu~> v.intr. to

entrapped.
fa4 /pa/ <pha.\> fem. a splitting.
fX /p\/ <ph\.\> neut. a fruit.
fa4k /pa.\k/ <pha.\.k\> neut. a

railway crossing.
fXdayk /p\.da.j\k/ <ph\.\.da.j\.k\>

adj. fruitful.
fa4fU4 /pa.pu/ <pha.\.phu.\> fem.

disunity.
fXvu& /p\.vu~/ <ph\.\.vu~> v.exp. 1. to

bear fruit 2. to be benefitted.
fa4vu& /pa.vu~/ <pha.\.vu~> v.intr. to be

torn.
fXaw /p\.a.u~/ <ph\.a.u~> adj. fruit

bearing (plants, trees etc).
fa6 /pa/ <pha.\> fem. a splitting.
fiXyu& /p\.i.ju~/ <ph\.i.ju~> neut. a

street.
f&goXvu& /p\.go.vu~/ <ph\~.go.\.vu~>
v.tr.
to throw.
f&4avu& /p\.a.vu~/ <ph\~.a.vu~> v.intr. to
change direction.
fajl /pa.\l/ <pha.\.l\> adj. surplus.
fat6o /pat.o/ <pha.t\.o> masc. a

eunuch.
fans /pa.n\s/ <pha.n\.s\> fem. a
lantern.
faydakark /pa.j\.da.ka.r\k/
<pha.j\.da.ka.r\.k\> adj. beneficial.
135
faydo /paj.do/ <pha.j\.do> masc.
benefit.
fargtI /par.g\.ti/ <pha.r\.g\.tii> fem.
a divorce.
fa&s /pa~s/ <pha~.s\> fem. a splinter.

fa&sI /pa~.si/ <pha~.sii> fem. gallows.
fars /pa.r\s/ <pha.r\.s\> neut. a farce.
fa&sIgr /pa~.si.g\r/ <pha~.sii.g\.r\>

masc. an executioner.
fal /pal/ <pha.l\> masc. crop.
fa&so /pa~.so/ <pha~.so> masc. noose.
faltu& /pal.tu~/ <pha.l\.tu~> adj.

unnecessary.
ifkr /pi.k\r/ <phi.k\.r\> fem. anxiety.
falvu& /pal.vu~/ <pha.l\.vu~> v.intr. to

bloom.
fav4 /pa.v\/ <ph.v\.\> fem.
adaptability.
favvu& /pav.vu~/ <pha.v\.vu~> v.exp. 1. to
suit 2. to succeed.
faXv8I /pa.\v.i/ <pha.\.v\.ii> fem.
1. distribution 2. allotment.
ifKku&/pik.ku~/ <phi.kku~> adj. pale.

if4kar /pi.kar/ <phi.\.ka.r\> masc.
hatred.
iflsUf /pil.sup/ <phi.l\.suu.ph\>
masc. a philosopher.
iflsUfI /pil.su.pi/ <phi.l\.suu.phii>
fem. philosophy.
fI8 /pi/ <phii.\> neut. foam.
faiXyu& /pa.i.ju~/ <pha.i.ju~> neut. a

turban.
fI8vu& /pi.vu~/ <phii.\.vu~> v.tr. to

froth.
faXo /pa.o/ <pha.o> masc. an allotted

share.
fIfu& /pi.pu~/ <phii.phu~> neut. 1. a husk

2. an empty pod.
fa&k6u& /pa~k.u~/ <pha~.k\.u~> adj.

praiseworthy.
fugavo /pu.ga.vo/ <phuu.ga.vo> masc.

inflation.
fa&ko /pa~.ko/ <pha~.ko> masc. vain pride.
fuTkarvu& /put.kar.vu~/ <phu.tka.r\.vu~>

v.tr. to hiss.
fa&4o /pa~.o/ <pha~.o> masc. 1. a branch

2. a diverging part.
fa&d /pa/ <pha~.d\> fem. a pot-belly.
fa&fa& /pa~.pa~/ <pha~.pha~> masc. vain
efforts.
fudIno /pu.di.no/ <phu.dii.no> masc.

mint.
fursd /pur.s\d/ <phuu.r\.s\.d\> fem.
leisure.
136
fuleku& /pu.le.ku~/ <phuu.le.ku~> neut. a
marriage procession.
fer /per/ <phe.r\> masc. difference.

fer /per/ <phe.r\> masc. vertigo.
fuvaro /pu.va.ro/ <phuu.va.ro> masc. a

fountain.
fUg /pug/ <phuu.g\> fem. mould.
fUgvu& /pug.vu~/ <phuu.g\.vu~> v.intr. to
become moldy.
fU4vu& /put.vu~/ <phuu.\.vu~> v.intr. to
break with a loud sound.
fUdu& /pu.du~/ <phuu.du~> neut. a
butterfly.
fUmtu& /pum.tu~/ <phuu.m\.tu~> neut. a
tassel.
ferIyo /pe.ri.jo/ <phe.rii.jo> masc. 1. a

hawker 2. a peddler.
ferI /pe.ri/ <phe.rii> fem. 1. a turn 2. a
trip.
fero /pe.ro/ <phe.ro> masc. 1. a turn 2.
a trip.
felavu& /pe.la.vu~/ <phe.la.vu~> v.intr. to
spread.
felavo /pe.la.vo/ <phe.la.vo> masc.
circulation.
fUl /pul/ <phuu.l\> neut. a flower.
fe&kvu& /p~k.vu~/ <phe~.k\.vu~> v.tr. 1. to

throw 2. to hurl.
fUl8@ /pu.l\.i/ <phuu.l\.\.ii> adj.

vain and boastful because of praise.
fe&4o /p~.o/ <phe~.o> masc. a kind of

turban.
fUlf4ak /pul.p\.ak/
<phu.l\.ph\.a.k\> adj. foppish.
fe&dvu& /p~d.vu~/ <phe~.d\.vu~> v.tr. to

search.
fUlvvu& /pu.l\v.vu~/ <phuu.l\.v\.vu~>

v.tr. to cause to swell
fe&slo /p~s.lo/ <phe~.s\.lo> masc.

disposal.
fUlvu& /pul.vu~/ <phuu.l\.vu~> v.intr. . to

swell 2. to blossom.
fo: /poi/ <pho.ii> fem. fathers sister.
fU&k /pu~k/ <phuu~.k\> fem. a puff.

fU&kvu& /pu~k.vu~/ <phuu~.k\.vu~> v.tr. 1. to
blow 2. to puff.
fe8 /pe/ fem. a serpents hood.
fefsu& /pep.su~/ <phe.ph\.su~> neut. a
lung.
fok /pok/ <pho.k\> adj. meaningless.

foj /po/ <pho.\> fem. army.
fo6vu& /po.vu~/ <pho.\.vu~> v.tr. to
break
violently.
fotrI /pot.ri/ <pho.t\.rii> fem. husk.
137
foru& /po.ru~/ <pho.ru~> neut. a drop.
folvu& /pol.vu~/ <pho.l\.vu~> v.tr. 1. to
peel
2. to husk.
foLlI /pol.li/ <pho.llii> fem. a skin
boil.
foslavvu& /pos.lav.vu~/ <pho.s\.la.v\.vu~>
v.tr. to coax.
bg6vu& /b\.g\.vu~/ <b\.g\.\.vu~> v.intr.

1. to be spoiled 2. to be polluted.
bg6o /b\g.o/ <b\.g\.o> masc. the
symbol for 2.
bgl /b\.g\l/ <b\.g\.l\> fem. the
armpit.
bga6 /b\.ga/ <b\.ga.\> masc.
wastage.
bga6vu& /b\.ga.vu~/ <b\.ga.\.vu~> v.tr.

to waste.
bk bk /b\k b\k/ <b\.k\.b\.k\> neut. a

prattle.
bgasu& /b\.ga.su~/ <b\.ga.\.vu~> neut. a

yawn.
bkrI /b\k.ri/ <b\.k\.rii> fem. a female

goat.
bgIco /b\.gi.co/ <b\.gi.co> masc. a

garden.
bkru& /b\k.ru~/ <b\.k\.ru~> neut. a goat.
bcku& /b\c.ku~/ <b\.c\.ku~> neut. a bite.
bkro /b\k.ro/ <b\.k\.ro> masc. a male

goat.
bct /b\.c\t/ <b\.c\.t\> fem. a saving.
bkvu& /b\k.vu~/ <b\.k\.vu~> v.intr. to

prattle.
bixs /b\k.i/ <b\.ki.s\> <b> fem. a
gift.
b`tr /b\k.t\r/ <b\.kh\.t\.r\> neut. an
armor.
bi`yo /b\.ki.jo/ <b\.khi.jo> masc. a
stitch.
bè6o /b\.ke.o/ <b\.khe.o> masc. a
quarrel.
bòl /b\.kol/ <b\.kho.l\> fem. a cavelike hollow.
bcp8 /b\c.p\/ <b\.c\.p\.\> neut.

childhood.
bcvu& /b\c.vu~/ <b\.c\.vu~> v.intr. to be
saved.
bcav /b\.cav/ <b\.ca.v\> masc. a
protection, a defense.
bCcu& /b\c.cu~/ <b\.ccu~> neut. a child.
bjar /b\.ar/ <b\.a.r\> neut. market.
bza6vu& /b\.a.vu~/ <b\.ha.\.vu~> v.tr.
to thrust upon skillfully.
138
b4ako /b\.a.ko/ <b\.a.ko> masc. a
potato.
b6b6vu& /b\.b\.vu~/ <b\.\.b\.\.vu~>
v.intr. to prattle.
bdam /b\.dam/ <b\.da.m\> fem. an

almond.
bdI /b\.di/ <b\.dii> fem. viciousness,
corruption.
b6a: /b\.ai/ <b\.a.ii> fem. boasting.

b6a= /b\.a/ <b\.a.\> fem. boasting.
b0u& /b\.du~/ <b\.dhu~> adj. all, whole,

entire, total.
b8gu& /b\.gu~/ <b\.\.gu~> neut. 1. selfpraise, 2. boasting.
bnvu& /b\n.vu~/ <b\.n\.vu~> v.intr. 1. to

become, 2. to take shape.
btk /b\.t\k/ <b\.t\.k\> neut. a duck.
bnav /b\.nav/ <b\.na.v\> masc. an

event.
btavvu& /b\.tav.vu~/ <b\.ta.v\.vu~> v.tr. 1.

to show, 2. to guide.
b]aI /b\t.ti/ <b\.ttii> fem. a lamp.
b{aIs /b\t.ris/ <b\.trii.s\> adj. thirty
two, 32.
bdn /b\.d\n/ <b\.d\.n\> neut. the
body.
bdnxI /b\d.n\k.i/ <b\.d\.n\.kii> fem.
defamation.
bdnam /b\d.nam/ <b\.d\.na.m\> adj.
notorious.
bdbu /b\d.bu/ <b\.d\.bu> fem. bad
smell.
bdma= /b\d.ma/ <b\.d\.ma.\> adj.
wicked.
bdlo /b\d.lo/ <b\.d\.lo> masc. an
exchange.
bdsUrt /b\d.su.r\t/ <b\.d\.suu.r\.t\>
adj. ugly (face).
bnav4 /b\.na.v\/ <b\.na.v\.\> fem. 1.

construction, 2. cheating.
bnevI /b\.ne.vi/ <b\.ne.vii> masc.
sisters husband.
bNne /b\n.ne/ <b\.nne> adj. both.
bpor /b\.por/ <b\.po.r\> fem. noon,
mid-day.
bfaro /b\.pa.ro/ <b\.pha.ro> masc.
sultry weather.
bbUck /b\.bu.c\k/ <b\.buu.c\.k\> adj.
stupid.
bm8u& /b\m.u~/ <b\.m\.u~> adj.
double.
byan /b\.jan/ <b\.ja.n\> neut. 1.
description, 2. narration.
brkt /b\r.k\t/ <b\.r\.k\.t\> fem. 1.
profit, 2. benefit.
br24 /b\r.c\/ <b\.r\.ch\.\> adj.
rough.
139
br6o /b\r.o/ <b\.r\.o> masc. the

back.
br8I /b\r.i/ <b\.r\.ii> fem. a jar.
brf /b\.r\p/ <b\.r\.ph\> masc. 1. ice,
2. snow.
brfI /b\r.pi/ <b\.r\.phii> fem. a kind
of sweet.
brbad /b\r.bad/ <b\.r\.ba.d\> adj.
ruined.
brabr /b\.ra.b\r/ <b\.ra.b\.r\> adj. 1.
equal, 2. similar, 3. right, 4. proper.
brobr /b\.ro.b\r/ <b\.ro.b\.r\> adj. 1.
equal, 2. similar, 3. right, 4. proper
broX /b\.ro/ <b\.ro.\> fem. the
spleen.
blke /b\l.ke/ <b\.l\.ke> advb. not only
that.
bla /b\.la/ <b\.la> fem. 1. a ghost, 2. a
person who harasses like a ghost.
bhar /b\.har/ <b\.ha.r\> postp.

outside.
bihQkar /b\.hi.kar/ <b\.hi.ska.r\>
masc. 1. rejection, 2. excommunication,
3. boycott.
bhu /b\.hu~/ <b\.hu~> adj. 1. many, 2.
much.
bhucra /b\.hu.c\.ra/ <b\.hu.c\.ra> fem.
a goddess of that name.
bhumit /b\.hu.m\.ti/ <b\.hu.m\.ti> fem.
majority.
bhupI /b\.hu.ru.pi/ <b\.huu.ruu.pii>
adj. assuming various forms with an
intention to hide an original one.
bhupI /b\.hu.ru.pi/ <b\.huu.ruu.pii>
masc. 1.a person who assumes various
forms with an intention to hide his/ her
original one. 2. a person who assume
various forms to entertain people.
bhu&vcn /b\.hu~.v\.c\n/ <b\.hu~.v\.c\.n\>
neut. plural.
bhen /b\.hen/ <b\.he.n\> fem. sister.
bil /b\.li/ <b\.li> masc. offering to a

deity.
bheru& /b\.he.ru~/ <b\.he.n\> adj. deaf.
bs /b\s/ <b\.s\> advb. enough.
bhera= /b\.he.ra/ <b\.he.ra.\> fem.

deafness.
bs /b\s/ <b\.s\> fem. bus.

bhadUr /b\.ha.dur/ <b\.ha.duu.r\> adj.
brave.
bhanu& /b\.ha.nu~/ <b\.ha.nu~> neut. an
excuse.
bX /b\/ <b\.\> nuet.1.power, 2.

strength.
bXt8 /b\.t\/ <b\.\.t\.\> neut.
fuel.
bXtra /b\.\.t\.ra/ <b\.\.t\.ra> fem.
pain caused by burning.
140
bXd /b\.\d/ <b\.\.d\> masc. 1. oxen,

2. bullock 3. an idiot.
b&0bestu& /b\nd.bes.tu~/
<b\~.dh\.be.s\.tu~> adj. suitable.
bXvaòr /b\.va.kor/ <b\.\.va.kho.r\>

adj. rebellious.
b&0besvu& /b\nd.bes.vu~/
<b\~.dh\.be.s\.vu~> v.intr. to be fitting.
bXvu& /b\.vu~/ <b\.\.vu~> v.intr. to burn.
b&0ar8 /b\n.da.r\/ <b\~.dha.r\.\>

neut. 1. constitution 2. construction.
bXvo /b\.vo/ <b\.\.vo> masc. revolt.

bXaTkar /b\.at.kar/ <b\.a.tka.r\> masc.
a rape.
biXya /b\.i.ja/ <b\.i.ja> masc. hon.
small-pox.
biXyu& /b\.i.ju~/ <b\.i.ju~> adj. strong.
bXev /b\.ev/ <b\.e.v\> fem. a festival.
b&g6I /b\.gi/ <b\~.g\.ii> fem. a
bangle.
b&6I /b\.i/ <b\~.ii> fem. a waistcoat.
b&0ar8Iy /b\n.da.r\.ij/
<b\~.dha.r\.i.j\> adj. constitutional.
b&i0yar /b\n.di.jar/ <b\~.dhi.ja.r\> adj.
1. unventilated, 2. stagnant.
b&0I /b\n.di/ <b\~.dhii> fem.
prohibition.
b&0u /b\n.du/ <b\~.dhu> masc. 1.
brother, 2. a co-worker.
b&baànu& /b\m.ba.ka.nu~/
<b\~.ba.kha.nu~> neut. a fire-brigade
station.
b&dr /b\n.d\r/ <b\~.d\.r\> neut. 1. a

port, 2. a harbor.
b&bavaXo /b\m.ba.va.o/ <b\~.ba.va.o>

masc. a fireman.
b&dUk /b\n.duk/ <b\~.du.k\> fem. a gun.
b&bo /b\m.bo/ <b\~.bo> masc. a fire

engine.
b&dUk6I /b\n.duk.i/ <b\~.du.k\.ii> fem.

a small gun.
b&dobSt /b\n.do.b\s.t\/ <b\~.do.b\.st\>
masc. arrangement.
b&0 /b\n.d\/ <b\~.dh\> adj. closed.
b&0 /b\n.d\/ <b\~.dh\> masc. a dam.
b&0n /b\n.d\n/ <b\~.dh\.n\> neut. 1.
prohibition, 2. captivity.
b&srI /b\ns.ri/ <b\~.s\.rii> fem. a flute.

b&sI /b\ns.ri/ <b\~.sii> fem. a flute.
ba /ba/ <ba> fem. mother.
ba: /ba.i/ <ba.ii> fem. a maid-servant.
bakI /ba.ki/ <ba.kii> adj. 1. residua, 2.
balance, 3. surplus, 4. wanting.
141
ba`6vu& /ba.k\.vu~/ <ba.kh\.\.vu~>
v.intr. to quarrel.
babaga6I /ba.ba.ga.i/ <ba.ba.ga.ii>

fem. a hand-driven vehicle for children.
bag /bag/ <ba.g\> masc. a garden.

ba3u& /ba.gu~/ <ba.ghu~> adj. idiotic.
babo /ba.bo/ <ba.bo> masc. 1. a son, 2.

a boy.
baj /ba/ <ba.\> masc. a hawk.
bar /bar/ <ba.r\> adj. 1. twelve, 2. 12.
baj5 /ba.\/ <ba.\.h\> masc. a footstool.
bar8u& /bar.u~/ <ba.r\.u~> neut. a door.

barmu& /bar.mu~/ <ba.r\.mu~> adj. twelfth.
bajrI /ba.ri/ <ba.\.rii> fem. millet.

ba@ /ba.i/ <ba.ii> fem. a game.
ba@gr /ba.i.g\r/ <ba.ii.g\.r\> masc. a
juggler.
bazvu& /ba..vu~/ <ba.h\.vu~> v.intr. 1. to
embrace, 2. to quarrel.
barmu& /bar.mu~/ <b\.r\.mu~> neut. a

religious rite performed on the twelfth
day after a persons death.
bar= / bars /ba.r\, ba.r\s/
<ba.r\.\/ ba.r\.s\> fem. twelfth day
of either of the fortnights.
barsa` /bar.sak/ fem. frame of a door.
ba4lI /ba.li/ <ba.\.lii> fem. a bottle.

ba8 /ba/ <ba.\> neut. an arrow.
ba8avXI /ba.a.v\.i/ <ba.a.v\.ii>
masc. an expert archer.
bara`6I /ba.ra.k\.i/ fem. a series of

simple syllables organized in a particular
order.
batl /ba.t\l/ <ba.t\.l\> adj. cancelled.
baraxrI /ba.ra.k\.ri/ fem. a series of

simple syllables organized in a particular
order.
bap /bap/ <ba.p\> masc. father.
barI /ba.ri/ fem. a window.
bap6u& /bap.u~/ <ba.p\.u~> adj.

extremely helpless.
baru& /ba.ru~/ neut. an entrance.
bapdada /bap.da.da/ <ba.p\.da.da> masc.

pl. forefathers.
bafvu& /bap.vu~/ <ba.ph\.vu~> v.tr. to
cook by boiling.
babt /ba.b\t/ <ba.b\.t\> fem. an issue.
barEya /ba.r\i.ja/ masc. a community sonamed.

baro4 /ba.ro/ masc. a community sonamed.
barobar /ba.ro.bar/ advb. directly.
142
baldI /bal.di/ fem. a bucket.
baXvu& /ba.vu~/ <ba.\.vu~> v.tr. to burn.
bav6u& /bav.u~/ neut. the upper arm.
ba&k6o /ba~k.o/ <ba~.k\.o> masc. a

bench.
bavn /ba.v\n/ adj. 1. fifty two, 2. 52.

bavlu& /bav.lu~/ neut. a statue.
bavX /ba.v\/ masc. a kind of thorny
tree.
ba&0vu& /ba~d.vu~/ <ba~.dh\.vu~> v.tr. 1.to

tie 2. to wrap.
ba&0o /ba~.do/ <ba~.dho> masc. a
physical construction.
ba&y /ba~j/ <ba~.j\> fem. a sleeve.
bavI /ba.vi/ fem. a female mendicant.

bavIs /ba.vis/ adj. twenty two, 22.
ba&y0rI /ba~j.d\.ri/ <ba~.j\.dh\.rii> fem.

security.
bavu& /ba.vu~/ neut. a cobweb.
ibcaru& /bi.ca.ru~/ <bi.ca.ru~> adj. poor.
bavo /ba.vo/ masc. a mendicant.
ib2anu& /bi.ca.nu~/ <bi.cha.nu~> neut. 1. a

bed. 2. a mattress.
bas5 /ba.s\/ adj. sixty six.

basmtI /bas.m\.ti/ masc. a kind of rice.
basUdI /ba.su.di/ fem. a kind of sweet.
baho= /ba.ho/ adj. skilful.
baXk /ba.\k/ neut. a child.
baXp8 /ba.p\/ neut. a childhood.
baXpo9I /ba.po.ti/ <ba.\.po.thii> fem.
a primer.
baXbo0 /ba.bod/ <ba.\.bo.dh\> adj.
a variety of Devanagari script.
baXm&idr /ba.m\n.dir/ <ba.\.m\~.di.r\>
neut. a nursery.
baXlGn /ba.l\g.n\/ <ba.\.l\.gn\> neut.
a child-marriage.
bI2avvu& /bi.cav.vu~/ <bii.cha.v\.vu~>

v.tr. to spread.
ibnAnu-vI /bin.\.nu.b\.vi/
<bi.n\.\.nu.bh\.vii> adj.
inexperienced.
ibnjrI /bin.\.ru.ri/ <bi.n\.\.ruu.rii>
adj. unnecessary.
ibn=rtI /bin.\r.ti/ <bi.n\.\.r\.tii> adj.
unconditional.
iblkul /bil.kul/ <bi.l\.ku.l\> advb. 1.
wholly, 2. in the least.
ibla6I /bi.la.i/ <bi.la.ii> fem. a cat
(female).
ibla6o /bi.la.o/ <bi.la.o> masc. a cat
(male).
143
ibLlo /bil.lo/ <bi.llo> masc. 1. a badge,
2. a medal.
bIbI /bi.bi/ <bii.bii> fem. wife (mainly

in Muslim dialect).
ibv6avvu& /biv.av.vu~/ <bi.v\.a.v\.vu~>

v.tr. to frighten.
bIbu& /bi.bu~/ <bii.bu~> neut. 1. a die, 2. a

printing block.
ibham8u& /bi.ha.m\u~/ <bi.ha.m\.u~>

adj. frightful.
bI-Ts /bi.b\t.s\/ <bi.bh\.ts\> adj.

disgusting.
ib&dI /bin.di/ <bi~.dii> fem. an

ornamental dot on the forehead.
bImar /bi.mar/ <bi.ma.r\> adj. sick
ib&du /bin.du/ <bi~.du> neut. a drop.
bImarI /bi.ma.ri/ <bi.ma.rii> fem.

sickness.
ib&b /bimb/ <bi~.b\> neut. a reflection.
bIvu& /bi.vu~/ <bii.vu~> v.intr. to fear.
bI /bi/ <bii> neut. a seed.
bu5\5u& /bu.u~/ <bu.hhu~> adj. blunt.
bIk /bik/ <bii.k\> fem. fear.
bu69l /bu.t\l/ <bu.\.th\.l\> adj.

idiotic.
bIcaru& /bi.ca.ru~/ <bii.ca.ru~> adj. 1. poor,

2. helpless.
bu6vu& /bu.vu~/ <bu.\.vu~> v.intr. 1. to

sink, 2. to drown
bIj /bi/ <bii.\> neut. a seed.

bIj /bi/ <bii.\> fem. a second day of
either of the fortnight of a lunar month.
bIjvr /bi.v\r/ <bii.\.v\.r\> masc. a
man marrying for the seond time.
bIju& /bi.u~/ <bii.u~> adj. 1. second, 2.
another.
bI6vu& /bi.vu~/ <bii.\.vu~> v.tr. 1. to
close (envelop etc.), 2. to wrap.
bI6I /bi.i/ <bii.ii> fem. a kind of
cigar.
bIna /bi.na/ <bii.na> fem. . fact.
bui)0 /bud.di/ <bu.dhdhi> fem.

intelligence.
bu0var /bud.var/ <bu.dh\.va.r\> masc.
Wednesday.
bumra8 /bum.ra/ <bu.m\.ra.\> fem.
loud shouts.
burò /bur.ko/ <bu.r\.kho> masc. a
mask.
bulbul /bul.bul/ <bu.l\.bu.l\> neut. a
nightingale.
bul&d /bu.l\nd/ <bu.l\~.d\> adj. 1.
grand, 2. loud and deep sound.
bu&d /bund/ <bu~.d\> neut. a drop.
144
be5k /be.\k/ <be.h\.k\> fem. a seat.
bU /bu:/ <buu> fem. odor.
bUc /buc/ <buu.c\> masc. a cork.
be5a6u& /be.a.u~/ <be.ha.u~> adj.

inactive (life).
bUcu& /bu.cu~/ <buu.cu~> adj. a flat-nosed.
be6I /be.i/ <be.ii> fem. shackles.
bU4 /bu/ <buu.\> fem. ear-lobe.
be6u& /be.u~/ <be.u~> neut. a pair of

water-pot.
bUm /bum/ <buu.m\> fem. a shout.

bUmlu& /bum.lu~/ <buu.m\.lu~> neut. a
kind of fish.
be /be/ <be> adj. two.
beAab /be.ab.ru/ <be.a.b\.ruu> fem.
disgrace.
be:man /be.i.man/ <be.ii.ma.n\> adj.
dishonest.
bew /beu/ <be.u~> adj. both.
bekI /be.ki/ <be.kii> adj. an even
number.
be`br /be.k\.b\r/ <be.kh\.b\.r\> adj.
ignorant.
begm /be.g\m/ <be.g\.m\> fem. a
queen (Muslim).
be6oX /be.o/ <be.o.\> adj.

misshaped.
be7&gu& /be.\.gu~/ <be.h\~.gu~> adj.
disorderly.
betaXa& /be.ta.a~/ <be.ta.a~> masc. pl.
dimness of the eyes acquired around the
age of 42.
betaXIs /be.ta.is/ <be.ta.ii.s\> adj.
forty-two.
bedrkar /be.d\r.kar/ <be.d\.r\.ka.r\>
adj. careless.
be06k /be.d\.\k/ <be.dh\.\.k\>
advb. fearlessly.
be0aru& /be.da.ru~/ <b\.dha.ru~> adj.
double-edged.
becen /be.cen/ <be.ce.n\> adj. restless.
be)yan /be.djan/ <be.dhj.n\> adj.

inattentive.
becenI /be.ce.ni/ <be.ce.nii> fem.

restlessness.
benmUn /ben.mun/ <be.n\.muu.n\> adj.

unparalleled.
be4 /be/ <be.\> masc. an island.

be4I /be.i/ <be.ii> fem. a daughter.
bepgu& /be.p\.gu~/ <be.p\.gu~> adj. biped.
be4o /be.o/ <be.o> masc. a son.
bebakXu& /be.bak.u~/ <be.ba.k\.u~> adj.

perplexed.
145
be-an /be.ban/ <be.bha.n\> adj.
unconscious.
bErI /b\i.ri/ <b\i.rii> fem. wife (now a

derogatory word, particularly in urban
and educated class).
berojgar /be.ro.gar/ <be.ro.\.ga.r\>

adj. unemployed.
boù& /bo.ku~/ <bo.khu~> adj. toothless.
bel6I /bel.i/ <be.l\.ii> adj. a pair (of

two persons).
bogdu& /bog.du~/ <bo.g\.du~> neut. a

tunnel.
bevkUf /bev.kup/ <be.v\.ku.ph\> adj.

stupid.
bocI /bo.ci/ <bo.cii> fem. the neck.
bev6 /be.v\/ <be.v\.\> adj. folded.
boj /bo/ <bo.\> masc. 1. burden 2.

weight.
be=k /be.\k/ <be.\.k\> advb.

undoubtedly.
bo6vu& /bo.vu~/ <bo.\.vu~> v.tr. to

shave the head entirely.
be=rm /be.\.r\m/ <be.\.r\.m\> adj.

shameless.
bo6u& /bo.u~/ <bo.u~> adj. a shaved off

head.
be=u)0 /be.udd/ <be.u.dhdh\> adj.

swooned.
bo8I /bo.i/ <bo.ii> fem. the first

cash-sale of the day.
be=umar /beu.mar/ <be.u.ma.r\> adj.

limitless.
bodu& /bo.du~/ <bo.du~> adj. dull.

bo0 /bod/ <bo.dh\> masc. sermon.
bes8u& /bes.u~/ <be.s\.u~> neut. a

mourning ritual.
bor /bor/ <bo.r\> neut. a kind of berry.
besvu& /bes.vu~/ <be.s\.vu~> v.intr. to sit.
bol /bol/ <bo.l\> masc. a speech.
besvu& /bes.vu~/ <be.s\.vu~> v.intr. to

begin (of a month, a year or a season
etc.). Ex. mne gya mihne p&drmu& vrs be5u&.
bolvu& /bol.vu~/ <bo.l\.vu~> v.intr. to

speak.
beSvad /be.svad/ <be.sva.d\> adj.

tasteless.
behal /be.hal/ <be.ha.l\> adj. ruined.
behUdI /be.hu.di/ <be.huu.dii> adj.
irrational.
bolacalI /bo.la.ca.li/ <bo.la.ca.lii> fem.

a verbal quarrel.
bolI /bo.li/ <bo.lii> fem. a dialect.
bovu& /bo.vu~/ <bo.vu~> v.tr. to sow.
146
boXvu& /bo.vu~/ <bo.\.vu~> v.tr. 1. to dip,
2. to soak.
-c6vu& /b\.c\.vu~/ <bh\.c\.\.vu~> v.tr.

to eat recklessly.
Bya=I /bja.i/ <bja.ii> adj. eighty two.
-jn /b\.\n/ <b\.\.n\> neut.

1. devotional song, 2. hymn
b/a8 /brah.m\/ <bra.hm\.\> masc.

Brahmin.
-kt /b\k.t\/ <bh\.kt\> masc.

worshiper (male)
-kta8I /b\k.ta.i/ <bh\.kta.ii> fem.
1. worshiper (female), 2. wife of a
worshiper.
-ikt /b\k.ti/ <bh\.kti> fem. devotion.
-gt /b\.g\t/ <bh\.g\.t\> masc.
worshiper (male)
-gta8I /b\g.ta.i/ <bh\.g\.ta.ii> fem.
1. worshiper (female), 2. wife of a
worshiper.
-gvtI /bg.v\.ti/ <bh\.g\.v\.tii> adj.
divine.
-gvan /b+\g.van/ <bh\.g\.va.n\>
masc. god.
-gvu& /b\g.vu~/ <bh\.g\.vu~> adj.
reddish.
-ignI /b.gi.ni/ <bh\.gi.nii> fem. sister.
-gIr9 /b.gi.r\t/ <bh\.dii.r\.th\> adj.
extremely difficult.
-Gn /b\g.n\/ <bh\.gn\> adj. broken.
-jvvu& /b\.\v.vu~/ <bh\.\.v\.vu~> v.tr.

to perform (a play etc.)
-jvu& /b\.vu~/ <bh\.\.vu~> v.tr. 1. to
worship through singing, 2. to recite.
-ijyu& /b\.i.ju~/ <bp\.ji.yu~> neut. a kind
of fried food made of gram flour.
-4kvu& /b\.\k.vu~/ <bh\.i.ju~> v.intr. to
roam.
-4kavu& /b\.ka.vu~/ <bh\.\.ka.vu~>
v.intr. to collide.
-4Uiryu& /b\.tu.ri.ju~/ <bh\.uu.ri.ju~>
neut. puppy.
-4\4 /bh\.\/ <bh\.tt\> masc. a
surname.
-i5yarànu& /b\.i.jar.kha.nu~/
<bh\.hi.ja.r\.kha.nu~> neut. a
bakery.
-5\5I /b\.i/ <bh\.hhii> fem. 1. an
oven, 2. a furnace, 3. a kiln.
-6 /b\/ <bh\.\> adj. brave
(person).
-6vIr /b\.vir/ <bh\.\.vii.r\> adj.
brave
-6kI /b\.ki/ <bh\.\.kii> fem.
porridge.
147
-6ko /b.ko/ <bh\.\.ko> masc. a big
flame.
-mrI /b\m.ri/ <bh\.m\.rii> fem. a

wasp (female).
-6ako /b\.a.ko/ <bh\.a.ko> masc.

an explosive sound.
-mro /b\m.ro/ <bh\.m\.ro> fem. a

wasp (male).
-8kar /b\.kar/ <bh\.\.ka.r\> masc.

a sound indicating a future event.
-mvu& /b\m.vu~/ <bh\.m\.vu~> v.intr. 1.

to rotate, 2. to wander.
-8tr /b\.t\r/ <bh\.\.t\.r\> neut.

education.
-Mmr /b\m.m\r/ <bh\.mm\.r\> fem.

the eyebrow.
-8vu& /b\.vu~/ <bh\.\.vu~> v.tr. to

study.
-y&kr /b\.jan.k\r/ <bh\.j\~.k\.r\> adj.

frightful.
-8I /b\.i/ postp. towards.
-yank /b\.ja.n\k/ <bh\.ja.n\.k\> adj.

frightful.
-{aI@ /b\t.ri.i/ <bh\.trii.ii> fem. a

niece.
- /b\d.r\/ <bh\.dr\> adj.
auspicious.
-pko /b\p.ko/ <bh\.p\.ko> masc. 1. a
grand appearance, 2. a grand show.
--k /b\.b\k/ <bh\.bh\.k\> fem.
luster.
-r6vu& /b\.r\.vu~/ <bh\.r\.\.vu~> v.tr.

to grind.
-rt /b\.r\t/ <bh\.r\.t\> neut.
embroidery.
-rtgU&98 /b\.r\t gu~.t\/
<bh\.r\.t\.gu~.th\.\> neut.
embroidery.
-rtI /b\r.ti/ <bh\.r\.tii> fem. tide.
-ravvu& /b\b.rav.vu~/
<bh\.bh\.ra.v\.vu~> v.tr. to sprinkle
powder.
-rpUr /b\r.pur/ <bh\.r\.puu.r\> adj.

abundant.
--Ukvu& /b\.buk.vu~/ <bh\.bhuu.k\.vu~>

v.intr. to blaze suddenly.
-r-a&`Xu& /b\r.ba~k.u~/
<bh\.r\.bha~.kh\.u~> neut. the dawn.
--Ut /b\.but/ <bh\.bhuu.t\> fem.

ashes.
-rm /b\.r\m/ <bh\.r\.m\> masc.

illusion.
--UtI /b\.bu.ti/ <bh\.bhuu.tii> fem.

ashes.
-rmavu& /b\r.ma.vu~/ <bh\.r\.ma.vu~>

v.intr. to be deceived.
148
-rvvu& /b\.r\v.vu~/ <bh\.r\.v\.vu~> v.tr.
to hang.
-rva6 /b\r.va/ <bh\.r\.va.\> masc.
a shepherd.
-va6o /b\.va.o/ <bh\.va.o> masc.

fiasco.
-vanI /b\.va.ni/ <bh\.va.nii> fem. the
goddess Parvati.
-rvu& /b\r.vu~/ <bh\.r\.vu~> v.tr. to fill.

-rvu& /b\r.vu~/ <bh\.r\.vu~> v.tr. to
measure.
-raw /b\.ra.u/ <bh\.ra.u> adj. 1.
plump, 2. chubby.
-rosapa{a /b\.ro.sa.pat.r\/
<bh\.r\.sa.pa.tr\> adj. trustworthy.
-roso /b\.ro.so/ <bh\.ro.so> masc.
trust.
-yuR&-adyuR& /b\.rju~.bad.rju~/ adj.
prosperous.
-vayo /b\.va.jo/ <bh\.va.jo> masc. the

actor of a -va: - a folk-drama.
-ivQy /b\.vi.j\/ <bh\.vi.sj\> neut.
future.
-vu& /b\.vu~/ <bh\.vu~> neut. the
eyebrow.
-vo-v /b\.vo.b\v/ <bh\.vo.bh\.v\>
advb. in each birth.
-Vy /b\.vj\/ <bh\.vj\> adj. grand.
-svu& /b\s.vu~/ <bh\.s\.vu~> v.intr. to
brak.
-lmnsa: /b\l.m\n.sai/
<bh\.l\.m\.n\.sa.ii> fem. goodness.
-Xtu& /b\.tu~/ <bh\.\.tu~> adj. similar.
-la: /b\.la.i/ <bh\.la.ii> fem. 1.

goodness, 2. gentleness.
-Xvu& /b\.vu~/ <bh\.\.vu~> v.intr. to

mix with.
-lam8 /b\.la.m\/ <bh\.la.m\.\>

fem. recommendation.
-&ga8 /b\.ga/ <bh\~.ga.\> neut. a

break.
-lu& /b\.lu~/ <bh\.lu~> adj. good.
-&gar /b\.gar/ <bh\~.ga.r\> masc.

scrap.
-le /b\le/ <bh\.le> advb. well.

-v /b\v/ <bh\.v\> masc. life.
-&6ar /b\.ar/ <bh\~.a.r\> masc. 1. a

granary 2. a store-house.
-vn /b\.v\n/ <bh\.v\.n\> neut. a big

house.
-&6aro /b\.a.ro/ <bh\~.a.ro> masc. a

collective dinner for community given as
a part of social custom or religious ritual.
-va: /b\.va.i/ <bh\.va.ii> fem. 1. a

folk-drama, 2. fiasco.
-&6oX /b\.o/ <bh\~.a.ro> neut.

fund.
149
-&-ervu& /b\m.ber.vu~/ <bh\~.bhe.r\.vu~>

v.tr. to incite.
-aGyu&tU4yu& /ba.gju~.tu.ju~/ <bha.gju~.tu.ju~>

adj. broken.
-aGye /\bag.je/ <bha.gje> advb. rarely.
-a /ba/ <bha> masc. an honorable

term used for elders.
-a: /ba.i/ <bha.ii> masc. brother.
-a:caro /ba.i.ca.ro/ <bha.ii.ca.ro>
masc. brotherhood.
-a:b&0I /ba.i.b\n.di/ <bha.ii.b\~.dhii>
fem. friendship.
-a:-a&6u /ba.i.ba~.u/ <bha.ii.bha~.u>
masc. pl. brothers and sisters of the same
presents.
-a`rI /bak.ri/ <bha.kh\.rii> fem. a
kind of bread.
-ag /bag/ <bha.g\> masc. 1. share, 2.
part.
-agvu& /bag.vu~/ <bha.g\.vu~> v.intr. to
run away.
-agakar /ba.ga.kar/ <bha.ga.ka.r\>
masc. division (in maths).
-agIdar /ba.gi.dar/ <bha.gii.da.r\>
masc. partner (normally in business).
-agIdarI /ba.gi.da.ri/ <bha.gii.da.rii>
fem. partnership.
-agoX /ba.go/ <bha.go.\> fem. an
outskirt of a village/ a small town.
-aGy /bag.j\/ <bha.gj\> neut. 1.fate, 2.
destiny.
-a@ /ba.i/ <bha.ii> fem. vegetables

(leafy).
-a@mUXa /ba.i.mu.a/ <bha.ii.muu.a>
masc. pl. an insignificant person or
thing.
-a4 /ba/ <bha.\> masc. a bard.
-a4a: /ba.a.i/ <bha.a.ii> fem. 1. the
function of a bard, 2. excessive flattery.
-ai4yo /ba.i.jo/ <bha.i.jo> masc. a
community so-named.
-a6u& /ba.u~/ <bha.u~> neut. 1. rent, 2.
fair, 3. freight.
-a6Ut /ba.ut/ <bha.u.t\> masc. a
tenant.
-a8aVyvhar /ba.a.vj\v.har/
<bha.a.vj\.v\.ha.r\> masc. relation
permitting joint meals.
-ai8yo /ba.i.jo/ <bha.i.jo> masc. a
sisters son.
-a8I /ba.i/ <bha.ii> fem. a sisters
daughter.
-a8u& /ba.u~/ <bha.u~> neut. a dish
served.
-a8ej /ba.e/ <bha.e.\> masc. a
sisters son.
150
-a8o /ba.o/ <bha.o> masc. a sisters
son.
-avvu& /bav.vu~/ <bha.v\.vu~> v.exp. to

like in taste.
-at /bat/ <bha.t\> fem. design.

-at /bat/ <bha.t\> masc. pl. cooked
rice.
-adrvo /ba.d\r.vo/ <ba.d\.r\.vo> masc.
eleventh month of the Vikram year.
-an /ban/ <bha.n\> neut.
consciousness.
-a-I /ba.bi/ <bha.bhii> fem. a
brothers wife.
-ar /bar/ <bha.r\> masc. 1. weight, 2.
burden.
-ar8 /ba.r\/ <bha.r\.\> neut. 1.
weight, 2. burden.
-art /ba.r\t/ <bha.r\.t\> neut. India.
-artIy /bar.ti.j\/ <bha.r\.tii.j\> adj.
Indian.
-ava9R /ba.var.t\/ <bha.va.rth\> masc.

implied meaning.
-aiv /ba.vi/ <bha.vi> neut. 1. future, 2.
fate.
-aivk /ba.vik/ <bha.vi.k\> adj.
emotional.
-aq8 /ba.\/ <bha.s\.\> neut. 1. a
speech, 2.a lecture, 3. a discourse.
-aqa /ba.a/ <bha.sa> fem. language.
-aqa&tr /ba.a~n.t\r/ <bha.sa~.t\.r\> neut.
translation.
-aqa&trkar /ba.a~n.t\r.kar/
<bha.sa~.t\.r\.ka.r\> masc. translator.
-aQy /ba.j\/ <bha.sj\> neut.
commentary.
-as /bas/ <bha.s\> masc. an illusion.
-are /ba.re/ <bha.re> adj. 1. heavy, 2.

weighty.
-aro /ba.ro/ <bha.ro> masc. a bundle
of grass or wood.
-alo6u& /ba.lo.u~/ <bha.lo.u~> neut. an
arrow.
-av /bav/ <bha.v\> masc. rate.
-av /bav/ <bha.v\> masc. feeling.
-avna /bav.na/ <bha.v\.na> fem. 1.
desire 2. sentiment.
-aX /ba/ <bha.\> fem. whereabouts.

-aXvu& /ba.vu~/ <bha.\.vu~> v.tr. to see.
-a&g /ba~.g\/ <bha~.g\> fem. 1. hemp,
2. a drink containing hemp.
-a&gfo6 /ba~g.po/ <bha~.g\.pho.\>
fem. breakage.
-a&gro /ba~g.ro/ <bha~.g\.ro> masc. a
kind of herb.
151
-a&gvu& /ba~g.vu~/ <bha~.g\.vu~> v.tr. to
break.
-I&g6u& /bi~g.u~/ <bhii~.g\.u~> neut. 1. a

dead skin, 2. a scale.
-a&jg6 /ba~.g\/ <bha~.\.g\.\> fem.

1. negotiations, 2. quarrel.
-I&jvvu& /bi~.\v.vu~/ <bhii.\.v\.vu~> v.tr.

to soak.
-a&jg6Iyu& /ba~.g\.i.ju~/
<bha~.\.g\.ii.ju~> adj. 1. quarrelsome,
2. negotiator.
-I&6o /bi.o/ <bhi.o> masc. okra.
-a&6vu& /ba~.vu~/ <bha~.\.vu~> v.tr. to

revile.
-Ulk8u& /bu.l\k.u~/ adj. absent-minded.
-a&-rvu& /ba~.b\r.vu~/ <bha~.bh\.r\.vu~>

v.intr. to bellow.
i-àr8 /bi.ka.r\/ <bhi.kha.r\.\>
fem. a female beggar.
i-àrI /bi.ka.ri/ <bhi.kha.rii> masc. a
male beggar.
-I&t /bi~t/ <bhi~.t\> fem. a wall.
-Ul-ulam8I /bul.bu.lam.i/
<bhu.l\.bhu.la.m\.ii> fem. a
labyrinth.
-USko /bus.ko/ <bhuu.sko> masc. a
jump downward.
-Uk&p /bu.k\mp/ <bhuu.k\~.p\> masc.
an earthquake.
i-Nn /bin.n\/ <bhi.nn\> adj. different.
-UkI /bu.ki/ <bhuu.kii> fem. fine

powder.
-I` /bik/ <bhii.kh\> fem. begging.
-Uko /bu.ko/ <bhuu.ko> masc. powder.
-I6 /bi/ <bhii.\> fem. crowdedness.
-U` /buk/ <bhuu.kh\> fem. hunger.
-I6vu& /bi.vu~/ <bhii.\.vu~> v.tr. 1. to

shut up, 2. to fasten.
-U`ru& /buk.ru/ <bhuu.kh\.ru~> adj.

grey.
-Itr /bi.t\r/ <bhii.t\.r\> neut. within.
-U~yu& /bu.kju~/ <bhuu.khju~> adj.

hungry.
-Ina= /bi.na/ <bhii.na.\> fem.

moisture.
-Inu& /bi.nu~/ <bhii.nu~> adj. 1.wet, 2.
soaked, 3. moist.
-Il /bil/ <bhii.l\> masc. a community
so named.
-UgoX /bu.go/ <bhu.go.\> fem.

geography.
-Ucr /bu.c\r/ <bhu.c\.r\> adj.
terrestrial.
-Ut /but/ <bhuu.t\> neut. a ghost.
152
-UtavX /bu.ta.v\/ <bhuu.ta.v\.\> fem.
a group of ghosts.
-U&kvu& /bu~k.vu~/ <bhu~.k\.vu~> v.intr. to

bray.
-Udev /bu.dev/ <bhuu.de.v\> masc. a

Brahman.
-U&gX /bu.g\/ <bhu~.g\.\> fem. a

long-tube like trumpet.
-Uim /bu.mi/ <bhuu.mi> fem. land.
-U&gXI /bu~.g\.i/ <bhu~.g\.ii> fem. a

small pipe or a small tube.
-Uimka /bu.mi.ka/ <bhuu.mi.ka> fem.

an introduction.
-Uimit /bu.mi.ti/ <bhuu.mi.ti> fem.
geometry.
-U&gXu& /bu~.g\.u~/ <bhu~.g\.u~> neut. a

big pipe or a big tube.
-U&jvu& /bu~.vu~/ <bhu~.\.vu~> v.tr. to
roast.
-Uimdah /bu.mi.dah/ <bhuu.mi.da.h\>

masc. burial.
-U&6 /bu/ <bhuu~.\> neut. a pig.
-UrkI /bur.ki/ <bhuu.r\.kii> fem. a

spell.
-U&6a: /bu.ai/ <bbhuu~.a.ii> fem.

wickedness.
-Uiryu& /bu.ri.ju~/ <bhuu.ri.ju~> adj.

bluish.
-U&6u& /bu.u~/ <bhuu.u~> adj. wicked.
-Uru& /bu.ru~/ <bhuu.ru~> adj. blue.

-Ul /bul/ <bhuu.l\> fem. 1. mistake, 2.
error.
-Ulvu& /bul.vu~/ <bhuu.l\.vu~> v.intr. to
forget.
-U&svu& /bu~s.vu~/ <bhuu~.s\.vu~> v.tr. to

erase.
-eg /beg/ <bhe.g\> masc. admixture.
-egu& /be.gu~/ <bhe.g\> adj. 1. mixed, 2.
collected.
-ej /be/ <bhe.\> masc. humidity.
-Ulu& /bu.lu~/ <bhuu.lu~> adj. astray.

-Uvo /bu.vo/ <bhuu.vo> masc. a
remover of ghosts.
-eju& /be.u~/ <bhe.u~> neut. 1.the brain,

2. intellect.
-e4 /be/ <bhe.\> fem. a meeting.
-Usko /bus.ko/ <bhuu.s\.ko> masc. a

jump downward.
-e4 /be/ <bhe.\> fem. a gift.
-UStrivd\ya /bus.t\r.vi.dja/
<bhuu.st\.r\.vi.dja> fem. geology.
-e4vu& /be.vu~/ <bhe.\.vu~> v.intr. to

embrace.
-e4o /be.o/ <bhe.o> masc. a meeting.
153
-ed /bed/ <bhe.d\> masc. difference.
-ogvvu& /bo.g\v.vu~/ <bho.g\.v\.vu~>

v.tr. to enjoy (the ownership,
possession).
-ed /bed/ <bhe.d\> masc. mystery.

-ed-av /bed.bav/ <bhe.d\.bha.v\>
masc. discrimination.
-edvu& /bed.vu~/ <bhe.d\.vu~> v.tr. 1. to
pierce, 2. to thurst.
-edI /be.di/ <bhe.dii> adj. mysterious.
-ogivlas /bog.vi.las/ <bho.g.vi.la.\s>

masc. luxury.
-ogI /bo.gi/ <bho.gii> adj. a person
who enjoys or suffers.
-oGy /bog.j\/ <bho.gj\> adj. worth
enjoying.
-edu /be.du/ <bhe.du> masc. mystic.
-ojn /bo.\n/ <bho.\.n\> neut. a

mean (formal).
-ervvu& /be.r\v.vu~/ <bhe.r\.v\.vu~> v.tr.

to hang.
-o4 /bo/ <bho.\> adj. idiotic.
-eX /be/ <bhe.\> fem. a mixture.
-o4vo /bo.vo/ <bho.\.vo> masc. an

earthen jug.
-eXvvu& /be.\v.vu~/ <bhe.\.v\.vu~> v.tr.

to mix.
-eXseX /be.se/ <bhe.\.se.\> fem.
adulteration.
-omyo /bo.mi.jo/ <bho.mi.jo> masc. a

guide.
-oir&g /bo.rig/ <bho.ri~.g\> masc. a
big serpent.
-eXseXIyu& /be.se.i.ju~/ <bhe.\.se.ii.ju~>

adj. 1. adulterated, 2. miscellaneous.
-olu& /bo.lu~/ <bho.lu~> neut. a monkey.
-e&= ~ -e&s /b~s ~ b~/ <bhe~.\ ~ bhe~.s\>

fem. a buffalo.
-oXvvu& /bo.\v.vu~/ <bho.\.v\.vu~> v.tr.

to cheat.
-o: /bo.i/ <bho.ii> masc. a community

so named.
-oXu& /bo.u~/ <bho.u~> adj. a simplehearted.
-og /bog/ <bho.g\> masc. 1. a

sacrifice, 2. an offering to the god.
-o&kvu& /b~k.vu~/ <bho.k\.vu~> v.tr. 1. to

pierce, 2. to bore.
-ogv4o /bog.v\.o/ <bho.g\.v\.o>

masc. ownership.
-o&5p /b~.\p/ <bho.h\.p\> fem.

crestfallen.
-o&5u& /b~.u~/ <bho.hu~> adj.
crestfallen.
154
-o&y /b~j/ <bho.\> fem. 1. land, 2.
ground.
mk\km /m\k.k\m/ <m\.kk\.m\> adj.

firm.
-o&ytXIyu& /b~j.t\.i.ju~/ <bho.j\.t\.i.ju~>

neut. a ground-floor.
m`ml /m\k.m\l/ <m\.kh\.m\.l\>

neut. velvet.
-o&yru& /b~j.ru~/ <bho.j\.ru~> neut. a

tunnel.
m~ÌcUs /m\k.ki.cus/
<m\.khkhii.cuu.s\> adj. extremely
miser.
-Ogoilk /b\u.go.lik/ <bh\u.go.li.k\>

adj. geographical.
-Oitk /b\u.tik/ <bh\.ti.k\> adj. 1.
physical, 2. materialistic, 3. mundane.
-/m /br\m/ <bhr\.m\> masc. illusion.
-/Q4 /br\.\/ <bhr\.s\> neut. 1.
polluted, 2. degenerated.
-/Q4acar /br\.a.car/ <bhr\.sa.ca.r\>
masc. corruption.
-/amk /bra.m\k/ <bhra.m\.k\> adj.
deceptive.
mg /m\g/ <m\.g\> masc. pl. a kind of

pulse.
mgj /m\.g\/ <m\.g\.\> neut. the
brain.
mgj /m\.g\/ <m\.g\.\> masc. a kind
of sweet.
mgtru& /m\.g\t.ru~/ <m\.g\.t\.ru~> neut.
a mosquito.
mgfXI /m\g.p\.i/ <m\.g\.ph\.ii>
fem. groundnut.
-/a&it /bra~n.ti/ <bra~.ti> fem. illusion.
mgr /m\.g\r/ <m\.g\.r\> masc.

alligator.
-<8 /bru/ <bru.\> masc. an

undeveloped embryo.
mck /m\.c\k/ <m\.c\.k\> fem. giving

in.
m
mkr /m\.k\r ra.i/ <m\.k\.r\> fem. the
Capricorn, the tenth sign of the zodiac.
mcko6 /m\c.ko/ <m\.c\.ko.\> fem.

muscle stratch.
mc6vu& /m\.c\.vu~/ <m\.c\.\.vu~> v.tr.
to twist.
mka: /m\.ka.i/ <m\.ka.ii> fem. maize.
mC2r /m\c.c\r/ <m\.cch\.r\> neut. a

mosquito.
mkan /m\.kan/ <m\.ka.n\> neut. a

house.
m2vo /m\c.vo/ <m\.ch\.vo> masc. a

small boat.
155
mjnU /m\.nu/ <m\.\.nuu> adj.
lovelorn.
m5o /m\.o/ <m\.ho> masc. a food

made of yogurt.
mjbUt /m\.but/ <m\.\.buu.t\> adj.

strong.
m6du& /m\.du~/ <m\.\.du~> neut. a

dead body.
mjbUtI /m\.bu.ti/ <m\.\.buu.tii> fem.

strength.
m6aga&5 /m\.a.ga~/ <m\.a.ga~.h\>

fem. a deadlock.
mjbUr /m\.bur/ <m\.\.buu.r\> adj.

helpless.
m7vu& /m\.vu~/ <m\.h\.vu~> v.tr. to

frame (a photo for example).
mjbUrI /m\.bu.ri/ <m\.\.buu.rii> fem.

helplessness.
mi8 /m\.i/ <m\.i> masc. a gem.
mja /m\.a/ <m\.a> fem. pleasant.
mi8yar /m\.i.jar/ <m\.i.ja.r\> masc.

a professional bangle-maker.
mjUr /m\.ur/ <m\.uu.r\> masc. a

labor.
mt /m\t/ <m\.t\> masc. 1. an opinion,

2. a vote.
mjUs /m\.us/ <m\.uu.s\> masc. a big

wooden box carving on it.
mtdar /m\t.dar/ <m\.t\.da.r\> masc. a

voter.
mjja /m\.a/ <m\.a> fem. the

marrow of bone.
mtp{a /m\t.p\t.r\/ <m\.t\.p\.tr\> neut.

a voting paper.
m4ku& /m\.ku~/ <m\.\.ku~> neut. a wink.
mt-ed /m\t.bed/ <m\.t\.bhe.d\> masc.

difference of opinion.
m4m4avvu& /m\.m\.av.vu~/
<m\.\.m\.a.v\.vu~> v.tr. to wink.
m4vu& /m\.vu~/ <m\.\.vu~> v.exp. to be
cured.
m5 /m\/ <m\.h\> masc. pl. a kind of
pulse.
m5 /m\/ <m\.h\> masc. a monastery.
m5arvu& /m\.ar.vu~/ <m\.ha.r\.vu~> v.tr.
1. to repair, 2. to fix error in a writing.
mtlb /m\t.l\b/ <m\.t\.l\.b\> fem. 1.

purpose, 2. intention.
mtlibyu& /m\t.l\b.i.ju~/ <m\.t\.l\.bi.ju~>
adj. selfish.
mtai0kar /m\.ta.di.kar/
<m\.ta.dhi.ka.r\> masc. the right to
vote.
mit /m\.ti/ <m\.ti> fem. intellect.
mtu& /m\.tu~/ <m\.tu~> neut. signature.
156
m9vu& /m\t.vu~/ <m\.th\.vu~> v.intr. to
churn.
mna: /m\.nai/ <m\.na.ii> fem. 1.

prohibition, 2. forbidding.
m9am8 /m\.ta.m\/ <m\.tha.m\.\>

fem. hard work.
mnam8u& /m\.nam.u~/ <m\.na.m\.u~>

neut. reconciliation.
m9aXu& /m\.ta.u~/ <m\.tha.u~> neut. 1. a

heading, 2. a top.
mnavvu& /m\.nav.vu~/ <m\.na.v\.vu~> v.tr.

1. to pursue, 2. to pacify.
mdd /m\.d\d/ <m\.d\.d\> fem. help.
mnIqa /m\.ni.a/ <m\.nii.sa> fem.

desire.
mdinyu& /m\.d\n.i.ju~/ <m\.d\.ni.ju~> neut.

a young one of an elephant.
mdarI /m\.da.ri/ <m\.da.rii> masc. a
jugglar.
midra /m\.di.ra/ <m\.di.ra> fem. wine.
mnuQy /m\.nu.j\/ <m\.nu.sj\> masc. a

human being.
mne /m\.ne/ <m\.ne> pron. to me.
mnobX /m\.no.b\/ <m\.no.b\.\> neut.
willpower.
m0 /m\.d/ <m\.dh\> neut. honey.

m0ur /m\.dur/ <m\.dhu.r\> adj.
sweet.
m)y /m\d.j\/ <m\.dhj\> adj. 1.
middle, 2. central.
m0rat /m\d.rat/ <m\.dh\.ra.t\> fem.
mid-night.
mn /m\n/ <m\.n\> neut. an organ of
desire.
mnn /m\.n\n/ <m\.n\.n\> neut. deepthinking.
mnsUbo /m\n.su.bo/ <m\.n\.su.bo>
masc. motive.
mnSvI /m\.n\s.vi/ <m\.n\.svii> adj. 1.
self-willed, 2. whimsical.
mnor9 /m\.no.r\t/ <m\.no.r\.th\>

masc. desire.
mnor&jk /m\.no.r\n.\k/
<m\.no.r\~.\.k\> adj. entertaining.
mnor&jn /m\.no.r\n.\n/
<m\.no.r\~.\.n\> neut. entertainment.
mnoiv}aan /m\.no.vig.nan/
<m\.no.vi.gna.n\> neut. spychology.
mnohr /m\.no.h\r/ <m\.no.h\.r\> adj.
attractive.
mft /m\.p\t/ <m\.ph\.t\> advb. free
of cost.
mbl` /m\b.l\k/ <m\.b\.l\.kh\> adj.
abundant.
mmt /m\.m\t/ <m\.m\.t\> fem.
insistence.
157
mrvu& /m\r.vu~/ <m\.r\.vu~> v.intr. to die.
mmra /m\m.ro/ <m\.m\.ra> masc. a
type of rice flake.
mmXavvu& /m\m.av.vu~/
<m\.m\.a.v\.vu~> v.tr. to chew.
mrkvu& /m\.r\k.vu~/ <m\.r\.k\.vu~> v.intr.
to smile.
mrvo /m\r.vo/ <m\.r\.vo> masc. a small

unripe mango.
mrisyo /m\.r\.si.jo/ <m\.r\.si.jo> masc.
a mourning song.
mrhUm /m\r.hum/ <m\.r\.huu.m\> adj.
1. deceased, 2. late.
mr3I /m\r.gi/ <m\.r\.ghii> fem. a hen.

mrjad /m\r.ad/ <m\.r\.a.d\> fem.
decency.
mrjadI /m\r.a.di/ <m\.r\.a.dii> adj.
observing strict untouchablility (a
religious practice found mainly among
the Vaishnava. This untouchability has
nothing to do with social
untouchablility).
mrijyat /m\r.i.jat/ <m\.r\.i.ja.t\> adj.
voluntary.
mr@ /m\r.i/ <m\.r\.ii> fem. desire.
mr@vo /m\r.i.vo/ <m\.r\.ii.vo> masc.
diver.
mr6avu& /m\r.a.vu~/ <m\.r\.a.vu~>
v.intr. to be twisted.
mr6o /m\r.o/ <m\.r\.o> masc.
dysentery.
mramt /m\.ra.m\t/ <m\.ra.m\.t\> fem.

1. repair, 2. mending.
mrI /m\.ri/ <m\.rii> fem. black or white
pepper.
mrImsalo /m\.ri.m\.sa.lo/
<m\.rii.m\.sa.lo> masc. spices.
mro6 /m\.ro/ <m\.ro.\> masc. a
shape (of a letter for example).
mmR /m\r.m\/ <m\.rm\> masc. deep
meaning.
myaRda /m\r.ja.da/ <m\.rja.da> fem. 1.
limit, 2. border.
myaRidt /m\r.ja.dit/ <m\.rja.di.t\> adj.
limited.
mlkvu& /m\.l\k.vu~/ <m\.l\.k\.vu~> v.intr.
to smile.
mr8 /m\.r\/ <m\.r\.\> neut. death.
mlm /m\.l\m/ <m\.l\.m\> masc.

ointment.
mri8yu& /m\.r\.i.ju~/ <m\.r\.i.ju~> adj.

desperate.
mlml /m\l.m\l/ <m\.l\.m\.l\> neut.

muslin.
mrd /m\.r\d/ <m\.r\.d\> masc. male.
mla: /m\.lai/ <m\.la.ii> fem. cream.
158
mvalI /m\.va.li/ <m\.va.lii> masc. a
scoundrel.
mhamarI /m\.ha.ma.ri/ <m\.ha.ma.rii>

fem. an epidemic.
m= /m\.ru/ <m\.\.ru~> neut. cotton

and silk mixed yarn.
mhar9I /m\.ha.r\.ti/ <m\.ha.r\.thii>

masc. an extremely powerful warrior.
m=hUr /m\.hur/ <m\.\.huu.r\> adj.

renowned.
mharaj /m\.ha.ra/ <m\.ha.ra.\> masc.

1.an emperor, 2. a temple priest, 3. a
cook.
m+krI /m\.k\.ri/ <m\.k\.rii> fem. 1. a

joke, 2. a jest.
mslt /m\s.l\t/ <m\.s\.l\.t\> fem.
consultation.
msXvu& /m\.s\.vu~/ <m\.s\.\.vu~> v.tr.
to knead.
msa8 /m\.sa/ <m\.sa.\> neut. a
burial-place.
mharaja /m\.ha.ra.a/ <m\.ha.ra.a>

masc. an emperor.
mhara8I /m\.ha.ra.ni/ <m\.ha.ra.ii>
fem. an empress.
mhaly /m\.ha.l\j/ <m\.ha.l\.j\> masc.
a palace.
mhavro /m\.hav.ro/ <m\.ha.v\.ro>
masc. practice.
msai8ya /m\.sa.i.jo/ <m\.sa.i.ja>

masc. a mourner accompanying a
funeral procession.
mhasagr /m\.ha.sa.g\r/
<m\.ha.sa.g\.r\> masc. an ocean.
msalo /m\.sa.lo/ <m\.sa.lo> masc.

spices.
mihno /m\.hi.no/ <m\.hi.no> masc. a

month.
mso /m\.so/ <m\.so> masc. a wart.
mihla /m\.hi.la/ <m\.hi.la> fem. a

woman.
mStk /m\s.t\k/ <m\.st\.k\> neut. the

head.
mhiqR /m\.h\r.i/ <m\.h\.rsi> masc. a
great sage.
mh&t /m\.h\nt/ <m\.h\~.t\> masc. the
head of a monastery.
mha /m\.ha/ <m\.ha> masc. forth
month of the Vikram year.
mhakaVy /m\.ha.kav.j\/ <m\.ha.ka.vj\>
neut. epic.
mhuvr /m\.hu.v\r/ <m\.huu.v\.r\>

neut. a snake charmers flute.
mhe&k /m\.h~k/ <m\.he~.k\> fem.
fragrance.
mheC2a /m\.hec.ca/ <m\.he.ccha> fem.
an ambition.
mhe8u& /m\.he.u~/ <m\.he.u~> neut. a
taunt.
159
mhetl /m\.he.t\l/ <m\.he.t\.l\> fem. a
time limit.
like ornament usually presented by the

bridegroom to the bride.
mhetI /m\.he.ti/ <m\.he.tii> fem. 1. a

teachers wife, 2. a female teacher.
m&gXacr8 /m\g.a.c\.r\/
<m\~.g\.a.c\.r\.\> neut. invocation
of a divine being at the bringing of an
auspicious work.
mheto /m\.he.to/ <m\.he.to> masc. 1.

teacher, 2. an accountant.
mhent /m\.he.n\t/ <m\.he.n\.t\> fem.
mental or manual work.
mhenta8u& /m\.hen.ta.u~/
<m\.he.n\.ta.u~> neut. remuneration.
mheman /m\.he.man/ <m\.he.ma.n\>
masc. hon. a guest.
mhel /m\.hel/ <m\.he.l\> masc. a
palace.
mXtr /m\.t\r/ <m\.\.t\.r\> neut. 1.
remuneration 2. profit.
mXvu& /m\.vu~/ <m\.\.vu~> v.intr. to
meet.
mXvu& /m\.vu~/ <m\.\.vu~> v.intr. to
gain.
m&ko6o /m\.ko.o/ <m\~.ko.o> masc. a
kind of black ant.
m&gXfero /m\.\.pe.ro/
<m\~.g\.\.phe.ra> masc. a marriage
ritual in which bride and bridegroom
move around the marriage platform.
m&gXvar /m\.g\.var/ <m\~.g\.\.va.r\>
masc. Tuesday.
m&gXsU{a /m\.g\.sut.r\/
<m\~.g\.\.su.tr\> neut. a necklace-
m&@ra /m\.i.ra/ <m\~.ii.ra> masc. pl. a

pair of cymbals.
m&jUr /m\.ur/ <m\~.uu.r\> adj.
approved.
m&jUrI /m\.u.ri/ <m\~,uu.rii> fem.
approval.
m&6p /m\.\p/ <m\~.\.p\> masc. a
decorated platform.
m&6vu& /m\.vu~/ <m\~.\.vu~> v.intr. .to
begin, 2. to start.
m&trvu& /m\n.t\r.vu~/ <m\~.t\.r\.vu~> v.tr.
to bind by a spell.
m&tVy /m\n.t\.vj\/ <m\~.t\.vj\> neut.
opinion.
m&{a /m\nt.r\/ <m\~.tr\> masc. a spell.
m&{aI /m\n.tri/ <m\~.trii> masc. a
minister.
m&9n /m\n.t\n/ <m\~.th\.n\> neut. a
churning.
m&d /m\nd/ <m\~.d\> adj. slow.
m&dva6 /m\nd.va/ <m\~.d\.va.\> fem.
sickness.
m&idr /m\n.dir/ <m\~.di.r\> neut. a
temple.
160
m&dI /m\n.di/ <m\~.dii> fem. 1. scarcity,

2. trade depression.
ma /ma/ <ma> fem. 1. mother, 2.
grandmother.
ma5u& /ma.u~/ <ma.hu~> adj. .bad, 2.

wrong.
ma6I /ma.i/ <ma.ii> fem. 1. mother,
2. goddess.
ma8 /ma/ <ma.\> fem. a metallic pot.
ma:ka&glu& /mai.kag.lu~/ <ma.ii.ka~.g\.lu~>

adj. physically weak.
ma8vu& /ma.vu~/ <ma.\.vu~> v.tr. to

enjoy.
mak6 /ma.k\/ <m> masc. a bug.
ma8s /ma.\s/ <ma.\.s\> masc. a

human being.
ma` /mak/ <ma.kh\> fem. a fly.

ma`8 /ma.k\/ <ma.kh\.\> neut.
butter.
ma8sa: /ma.sai/ <ma.\.sa.ii> fem.

humility.
mag /mag/ <ma.g\> fem. demand.
ma8ek /ma.ek/ <ma.e.k\> neut. a

ruby.
magvu& /mag.vu~/ <ma.g\.vu~> v.tr. to ask

for.
mata /ma.ta/ <ma.ta> fem. 1. mother, 2.

goddess.
magu& /ma.gu~/ <ma.gu~> neut. a proposal

for betrothal.
ma{a /mat.r\/ <ma.tr\> advb. 1. only, 2.

merely.
ma28 /ma.c\/ <ma.ch\.\> fem. a

fisherwoman.
ma{aa /mat.ra/ <ma.tra> fem. a unit of

measure.
ma2lI /mac.li/ <m> fem. a fish.
ma9akU4 /ma.ta.ku/ <ma.tha.kuu.\>

fem. unnecessary discussion.
ma2I /ma.ci/ <ma.chii> masc. a

fisherman.
ma9afrel /ma.ta.p\.rel/
<ma.tha.ph\.re.l\> adj. hot-tempered.
ma@ /ma.i/ <ma.ii> adj. former.

ma@ /ma.i/ <ma.ii> fem. hon. 1. a
grandmother, 2. a goddess.
ma9a-are /ma.ta.ba.re/ <ma.tha.bha.re>

adj. 1. challenging, 2. uncontrollable.
ma9u& /ma.tu~/ <ma.thu~> neut. head.
ma4I /ma.i/ <ma.ii> fem. clay.

ma4e /ma.e/ <ma.e> postp. for
madiXyu& /ma.d\.ju/ <ma.d\.i.ju~> neut.

an amulet.
mada /ma.da/ <ma.da> adj. female.
161
ma)ym /mad.j\m/ <ma.dhj\.m\> adj.

medium.
man /man/ <ma.n\> neut. fame.
manta /man.ta/ <ma.n\.ta> fem. 1. a
pledge, 2. a religious vow.
mand /ma.n\d/ <ma.n\.d\> adj.
honorary.
mamUlI /ma.mu.li/ <ma.muu.lii> adj.

insignificant.
mamo /ma.mo/ <ma.mo> masc. mothers
brother.
mayka&glu& /maj.kag.lu~/ <ma.j\.ka~.g\.lu~>
adj. very weak (in terms of physical
construction).
maya /ma.ja/ <ma.ja> fem. illusion.
mar /mar/ <ma.r\> masc. beating.
mannIy /ma.n\.ni.j\/ <ma.n\.nii.j\> adj.

honorable.
manpan /man.pan/ <ma.n\.pa.n\> neut.
respect.
manvu& /man.vu~/ <ma.n\.vu~> v.tr. to
believe.
manisk /man.sik/ <ma.n\.si.k\> adj.
mental.
manItu& /ma.ni.tu~/ <ma.nii.tu~> adj.
favorite.
maNy /man.j\/ <ma.nj\> adj. acceptable.
map /map/ <ma.p\> neut. measure.
marpI4 /mar.pi/ <ma.r\.pii.\> fem.

repeated or severe beating.
marft /mar.p\t/ <ma.r\.ph\.t\> postp.
1. with, 2. by, 3. through.
marvu& /mar.vu~/ <ma.r\.vu~> v.tr. 1. to
beat, 2. to strike.
maramarI /ma.ra.ma.ri/ <ma.ra.ma.rii>
fem. a violent clash.
magR /marg/ <ma.rg\> masc. a road.
maimRk /mar.mik/ <ma.rmi.k\> adj.
subtle.
mal /mal/ <ma.l\> masc. goods.
mafI /ma.pi/ <ma.phii> fem.

forgiveness.
mabap /mabap/ <ma.ba.p\> neut. pl.
parents.
mama /ma.ma/ <ma.ma> masc. hon.
mothers brother.
mamI /ma.mi/ <ma.mii> fem. mothers
brothers wife.
maldar /mal.dar/ <ma.l\.da.r\> adj.

rich.
malmta /mal.m\.ta/ <ma.l\.m\.ta> fem.
property.
malimlkt /mal.mil.k\t/
<ma.l\.mi.l\.k\.t\> fem. property.
mailk /ma.lik/ <ma.li.k\> masc. 1.
owner, 2. a master, 3. a boss, 4. god.
162
maXa /ma.a/ <ma.a> fem. a garland.
mailkI /ma.li.ki/ <ma.li.kii> fem.
ownership.
mail= /ma.li/ <ma.li.\> fem.
massaging.
mavjt /mav.\t/ <ma.v\.\.t\> fem.
care.
mav5u& /mav.u~/ <ma.v\.hu~> neut.
unseasonable rain.
mavi6yu& /ma.v\.ju~/ <ma.v\.i.ju~> adj.
too much obedient of mother.
mavtr /mav.t\r/ <ma.v\.t\.r\> neut. pl.
parents.
mavo /ma.vo/ <ma.vo> masc. 1. solid
cream of milk, 2. kernel of fruits etc.
ma=I /ma.i/ <ma.ii> fem. mothers
sister.
mas /mas/ <ma.s\> masc. a month.
maisk /ma.sik/ <ma.si.k\> adj.
monthly.
maisk /ma.sik/ <ma.si.k\> neut.
womens menses.
maso /ma.so/ <ma.so> masc. mothers
sisters husband.
maihtI /ma.hi.ti/ <ma.hi.tii> fem.
knowledge.
maX /ma/ <ma.\> masc. a storey.
maXù& /ma.ku~/ <ma.\.khu~> neut. 1. a
structure, 2. a frame.
maiXyu& /ma.i.ju~/ <ma.i.ju~> neut. a

storey.
maXI /ma.i/ <ma.ii> masc. a gardener.
maXo /ma.o/ <ma.o> masc. a nest.
ma&jvu& /ma~.vu~/ <ma~.\.vu~> v.tr. to
cleanse a pot and etc.
ma&6vu& /ma~.vu~/ <ma~.\.vu~> v.tr. 1. to
begin, 2. to start.
ma&6vu& /ma~.vu~/ <ma~.\.vu~> v.tr. to
close.
ma&dgI /ma~d.gi/ <ma~.d\.gii> fem.
sickness.
ma&dlu& /ma~d.lu~/ <ma~.d\.lu~> adj. always
sick.
ma&du& /ma~.du~/ <ma~.du~> adj. sick.
ma&s /ma~s/ <ma~.s\> neut. flash.
ma&sahar /ma~.sa.har/ <ma~.sa.ha.r\>
masc. meat or mutton food.
ma&saharI /ma~.sa.ha.ri/ <ma~.sa.ha.rii>
adj. non- vegetarian.
imjagru& /mi.a.g\.ru~/ <mi.a.g\.ru~> neut.
a hinge.
imjaj /mi.a/ <mi.a.\> masc.
temperament.
imja@ /mi.a.i/ <mi.a.ii> adj. hottempered.
163
im{a /mit.r\/ <mi.tr\> masc. a friend.
mI&7X /mi~.\/ <mii~.h\.\> neut. a

kind of fruit.
mI&7u& /mi~.o/ <mii~.hu~> adj. shrewd.
im{ata /mit.r\.ta/ <mi.tr\.ta> adj.

friendship.
mukmo /mu.k\d.d\.mo/
<mu.k\.dd\.mo> masc. a law suit.
im(ya /mit.ja/ <mi.thja> adj. 1. illusory,

2. unreal.
mukablo /mu.kab.lo/ <mu.ka.b\.lo>

masc. a comparison.
imlkt /mil.k\t/ <mil.k\.t\> fem.

property.
mukt /muk.t\/ <mu.kt\> adj. free.
imit /mi.ti/ <mi.ti> fem. a date.
imln /mi.lan/ <mi.l\.n\> neut. 1.

meeting, 2. union.
imlav4 /mi.la.v\/ <mi.la.v\.\> fem.
adulteration.
imlavvu& /mi.lav.vu~/ <mi.la.v\.vu~> v.tr.
to mix.
imS{aI /mis.tri/ <mi.strii> masc. a skilled
craftsman.
muikt /muk.ti/ <mu.kti> fem. freedom.

mu`vas /muk.vas/ <mu.kh\.va.s\>
masc. a sort of mouth cleaning food
taken after a meal.
muÌ /mu.ki/ <mu.khii> masc. chief of
a village or a community.
mu~y /muk.j\/ <mu.khj\> adj. 1. chief,
2. foremost.
mI5a: /mi.a.i/ <mi.ha.ii> fem. sweet.
mug4 /mu.g\/ <mu.g\.\> masc. a

crown.
mI5a= /mi.a/ <mii.ha.\> fem.

sweetness.
mu5\5I /mu.i/ <mu.hhii> fem. a fist.
mI5u& /mi.u~/ <mii.hu~> neut. salt.
mutr6I /mu.t\r.i/ <mu.t\.r\.ii> fem. a

urinal.
mI5u& /mi.u~/ <mii.hu~> adj. sweet.

mI8 /mi::/ <mii.\> neut .wax.
mI8b]aI /mi:.b\t.ti/ <mii.\.b\.ttii>
fem. candle.
mudt /mu.d\t/ <mu.d\.t\> fem. a fixed

time.
mul /mud.d\l/ <mu.dd\.l\> fem. the
principal amount.
muo /muddo/ <mu.ddo> masc. issue.
mI&6u& /mi.u~/ <mii.u~> neut. a figure

of zero.
muk /mud.r\k/ <mu.dr\.k\> masc.

printer.
164
mua /mud.ra/ <mu.dra> fem. a stamp.
muin/mu.ni/ <mu.ni> masc. a sage.
munIm /mu.nim/ <mu.ni.m\> masc. 1.
an accountant, 2. a manager.
mufils /mup.lis/ <mu.ph\.li.s\> adj.
penniless.
muso /mu.s\d.do/ <mu.s\.ddo> masc.

a draft.
muslman /mu.sal.man/
<mu.s\.l\.ma.n\> masc. a follower of
Islam.
musafr /mu.sa.p\r/ <mu.sa.ph\.r\>
masc. a traveller.
mur3I /mur.gi/ <mu.r\.ghii> fem. hen.

murityo /mu.r\.ti.o/ <mu.r\.ti.jo> masc.
a would-be-son-in-law or bridegroom.
murBbI /mu.r\b.bi/ <mu.r\.bbii> adj.
elderly.
murBbo /mu.r\b.bo/ <mu.r\.bbo> masc.
a kind of conserved food.
musafrI /mu.sa.p\.ri/ <mu.sa.ph\.rii>

fem. 1 a travel, 2. a journey.
musIbt /mu.si.b\t/ <mu.sii.b\.t\> fem.
trouble.
muiSlm /mus.lim/ <mu.sli.m\> masc. a
follower of Islam.
mUkvu& /muk.vu~/ <mu.k\.vu~> v.tr. to put.
murad /mu.rad/ <mu.ra.d\> fem. desire.

mulk /mu.l\k/ <mu.l\.k\> masc. a
territory.
multvI /mu.l\t.vi/ <mu.l\.t\.vii> adj.
postponed.
mulv8I /mu.l\v.i/ <mu.l\.v\.ii> fem.
valuation.
mulakat /mu.la.kat/ <mu.la.ka.t\> fem.
a visit.
mulaym /mu.la.j\m/ <mu.la.j\.m\> adj.
soft.
mU&gu& /mu.gu/ <muu~.gu~> adj. 1.

speechless, 2. silent.
mU2 /muc/ <mu.ch\> fem. the
moustache.
mU5 /mu/ <mu.h\> fem. the hilt of a
sword.
mU6I /mu.i/ <muu.ii> fem. 1. capital,
2. investment.
mUtr /mu.t\r/ <muu.t\.r\> neut. urine.
mUtrvu& /mu.t\r.vu~/ <muu.t\.r\.vu~>
v.intr. to urinate.
mu+kel /mu.kel/ <mu.ke.l\> adj.

difficult.
mU{aip*6 /mut.r\.pi.\/ neut. the kidney.
mu+kelI /mu.ke.li/ <mu.ke.lii> fem.

difficulty.
mU{aa=y /mut.ra.\j/ <muu.tra.\.j\>

masc. the bladder.
165
mUr` /mu.r\k/ <muu.r\.kh\> adj. fool.

mUtR /mur.t\/ <muu.rt\> adj. 1.
corporeal, 2. concrete.
me9I /me.ti/ <me.tii> fem. 1. a kind of

seed used for seasoning, 2. a plant used
as vegetable.
me9Ipak /me.ti.pak/ <me.thii.pa.k\>
masc. a sweet made of me9I.
mUitR /mur.ti/ <muu.rti> fem. an idol.

mUlvvu& /mu.l\v.vu~/ <muu.l\.v\.vu~> v.tr.
1. to ascertain the price, 2. to assay.
mULy /mul.j\/ <muu.lj\> neut. 1. value,
2. price.
mUX /mu/ <muu.lj\> neut. 1. origin, 2.
root, 3. fundamental.
mUXaxr /mu.ak.\r/ <muu.a.k\.r\>
masc. pl. the letters of an alphabet.
me9Iyu& /met.ju~/ <me.thii.ju~> neut. a kind

of pickles seasoned with me9I.
med /med/ <me.d\> masc. fat.
mednI /med.ni/ <me.d\.nii> fem.
congregation.
medan /me.dan/ <me.da.n\> neut. 1. a
plain, 2. a playground.
mena /me.na/ <me.na> fem. a kind of
song-bird.
mUXo /mu.o/ <muu.o> masc. a radish.

mel /ml/ <me.l\> masc. 1. filth, 2. dirt.
mU&gu& /mu.gu~/ <muu~.gu~> adj. 1.
speechless, 2. dumb.
mU&zv8 /mu~.v\/ <muu~.h\.v\.\>
fem. uneasiness.
melàw& /ml.ka.u~/ <me.la.kha.u~> adj. a

cloth that conceals dirt.
mel6I /ml.i/ <me.l\.ii> fem. a female
ghost.
mU&zavu& /mu~.a.vu~/ <muu.ha.vu~> v.intr.

to be perplexed.
melvu& /mel.vu~/ <me.l\.vu~> v.tr. to put.
mU&6vu& /mu.vu~/ <mu~.\.vu~> v.tr. to

shave the head entirely.
melu& /m.lu~/ <me.lu~> adj. 1. dirty, 2.

filthy.
m<Tyu& /mrut.ju~/ <mru.tju~> neut. death.
me&= /m~/ <me.\> fem. soot.
m<d&g /mru.d\g/ <mru.d\~.g\> neut. a

kind of drum.
meXv8 /me.v\/ <me.\.v\.\> neut. a

mixture.
me6I /me.i/ <me.ii> fem. an upper

storey.
meXvvu& /me.\v.vu~/ <me.\.v\.vu~> v.tr.

to mix.
166
meXap /me.ap/ <me.a.p\> masc. 1. a
meeting, 2. a union.
moj=o` /mo.ok/ <mo.\.o.kh\>

masc. luxury.
meXav6o /me.av.o/ <me.a.v\.o>

masc. a public function.
moju& /mo.u~/ <mo.u~> neut. a wave.

moju& /mo.u~/ <mo.u~> neut. a glove.
meXo /me.o/ <me.o> masc. a fair.

me& /m~/ <me~> pron. I.
mojUd /mo.ud/ <mo.u.d\> adj.

existing.
moklvu& /mok\l.vu~/ <mo.k\.l\.vu> v.tr.

to send.
mo4u& /mo.u~/ <mo.u~> adj. 1. big, 2.

large, 3. adult, 4. elder.
mokXa= /mok.a/ <mo.k\.a.\> fem. 1.

roominess, 2. freedom, 3. comfort.
mo6u& /mo.u~/ <mo.u~> adj. late.
mokXu& /mok.u~/ <mo.k\.u~> adj. 1.

spacious, 2. open.
moka8 /mo.ka/ <mo.ka.\> fem. a
condolence ritual.
moko /m.ko/ <mo.ko> masc. a
favorable opportunity.
mox /mok.\/ <mo.k\> masc.
liberation.
mogro /mog.ro/ <mo.g\.ro> masc. a
moc8 /mo.c\/ <mo.c\.\> fem. a
female of the cobbler community.
mocI /mo.ci/ <mo.cii> masc. 1. a
cobbler, 2. a name of a community.
moj6I /mo.i/ <mo.\.ii> fem. a kind
of light, embroidered shoe.
mojmja /mo.m\.a/ <mo.\.m\.a> fem.
1 luxury, 2. comfort.
mo7amo7 /m.a.mo/
<mo.ha.mo.h\> advb. fact to face.
mo7u& /m.u~/ <mo.hu~> neut. the
mouth.
mo8 /mo/ <mo.\> neut. lubricant
mixed with flour.
mot /mt/ <mo.t\> neut. death.
moityo /mo.ti.jo/ <mo.ti.jo> masc.
cataract.
motI /mo.ti/ <mo.tii> neut. a pearl.
modI /mo.di/ <mo.dii> masc. a grocery.
mo- /mob/ <mo.bh\> masc. a beam
supporting a roof.
mo-adar /mo.ba.dar/ <mo.bha.da.r\>
adj. 1. respected, 2. having high status.
mor /mor/ <mo.r\> masc. peacock.
morco /mor.co/ <mo.r\.co> masc. front.
167
morlI /mor.li/ <mo.r\.lii> fem. a flute.
mohvu& /moh.vu~/ <mo.h\.vu~> v.tr. to be

fascinated or deluded.
mors /mo.r\s/ <mo.r\.s\> fem. granular

sugar.
moXu& /m.u~/ <mo.u~> adj. tasteless.
moiryo /mor.(i).jo/ <mo.ri.jo> masc. a

kind of wild corn.
mo& /m~/ <mo~> neut. 1. the mouth, 2.

face.
morI /m.ri/ <mo.rii> fem. a drain.
mo&3varI /m~g.va.ri/ <mo~.gh\.va.rii>

fem. 1. dearness, 2. allowance.
mol /mol/ <mo.l\> masc. a standing

crop.
movu& /mo.vu~/ <mo.vu~> v.tr. to lubricate
flour with oil, ghee etc.
mosm /mo.s\m/ <mo.s\.m\> fem. a
season.
mosmI /mos.mi/ <mo.s\.mii> adj.
seasonal.
mos&bI /mo.s\m.bi/ <mo.s\~.bii> fem. a
kind of fruit.
mosaX /mo.sa/ <mo.sa.\> neut. the
maternal side of relation.
mosaXu& /mo.sa.u~/ <mo.sa.u~> neut. 1.
gifts given by the parents to their
daughter on her first pregnancy, 2. gifts
given by the maternal side of the
relatives.
mo&3u& /m~.gu~/ <mo~.ghu~> adj. extremely

dear.
mOn /m\un/ <m\u.n\> neut. selfimposed dumbness.
mOlvI /m\ul.vi/ <m\ul.vii> masc. 1. a
learned Muslim, 2. an expert in Islamic
laws.
mOlIk /m\u.lik/ <m\u.lii.k\> adj.
original.
Myan /mjan/ <mja.n\> neut. a scabbard.
y
yk<t /j\k.rut/ <j\.kru.t\> neut. the liver.
yjman /j\.man/ <j\.\.ma.n\> masc. a
host.
moh /moh/ <mo.h\> masc. fascination.

mohk /mo.h\k/ <mo.h\.k\> adj.
charming.
mohn9aX /mo.h\n.ta/
<mo.h\.n\.tha.\> masc. a kind of
sweetmeets.
y}a /j\g.n\/ <j\.gn\> masc. a religious

performance.
ymdUt /j\m.dut/ <j\.m\.duu.t\> masc. a
servant of the god of death.
y= /j\/ <j\.\> masc. fame.
y&{a /j\n.tr\/ <j\~.tr\> neut. a machine.
168
yogI /jo.gi/ <jo.gii> masc. an ascetic.
yatna /jat.na/ <ja.t\.na> fem. suffering.
ya{aa /jat.ra/ <ja.tra> fem. a pilgrim.
yad /jad/ <ja.d\> fem. memory.
yoGy /jog.j\/ <jo.gj\> adj. 1. proper, 2.

needful.
yojk /jo,\k/ <jo.\.k\> masc. an
organizer.
yadI /ja.di/ <ja.dii> fem. a note.

yojna /jo.na/ <jo.\.na> fem. a plan.
yan /jan/ <ja.n\> neut. a vehicle
(formal)
yar /jar/ <ja.r\> masc. friend.
ya&i{ak /ja~t.rik/ <ja~.tri.k\> adj. machinelike.
yuikt /juk.ti/ <ju.kti> fem. 1. skill, 2.
trick.
yug /jug/ <ju.g\> masc. an age.
yojvu& /jo.vu~/ <jo.\.vu~> v.tr. to plan.

yoin /jo.ni/ <jo.ni> fem. a females
generative organ.
yOvn /jau.ban/ <j\u.v\.n\> neut. youth.
yu)0 /jud.d\/ <ju.dhdh\> neut. war.
rkm /r\.k\m/ <r\.k\.m\> fem. a thing.
yuvk /ju.v\k/ <ju.v\.k\> masc. a young

man.
rkabI /r\.ka.bi/ <r\.ka.bii> fem. 1. a

plate, 2. a saucer.
yuvtI /juv.ti/ <ju.v\.tii> fem. a young

women.
rkt /rk.t\/<r\.kt\> neut. blood.
yuvraj /juv.ra/ <ju.v\.ra.\> masc. a

crown prince.
yuvra}aI /juv.rag.ni/ <ju.v\.ra.gnii> fem.
the wife of a crown prince.
rxk /r\k.\k/ <r\.k\.k\> masc. a

guard.
rxa /r\k.a/ <r\.ka> fem. a protection.
yog /jo.g\/ <jo.g\> masc. union.
r`6p4\4I /r\.k\.p\.i/
<r\.kh\.\.p\.ii> fem. 1. wandering,
2. roaming.
yoganuyog /jo.ga.nu.jog/ <jo.ga.nu.jo.g\>

advb. 1. by chance, 2. incidently.
r`6vu& /r\.k\.vu~/ <r\.kh\.\.vu~>

v.intr. 1. to wander, 2. to roam.
yoignI /jo.gi.ni/ <jo.gi.nii> fem. a

female ascetic.
r`6u& /r\k.u~/ <r\.kh\.u~> adj. 1.

wandering, 2. roaming.
169
ràt /r\.kat/ <r\.kha.t\> fem. an illicit
wife.
rè /r\.ke/ <r\.khe> advb. by chance.
rèvaX /r\.ke.va/ <r\.khe.va.\> masc.
1. guardian, 2. a protector.
rja: /r\.ai/ <r\.a.ii> fem. a quilt.

rjaic5\5I /r\.a.cii/ <r\.a.ci.hhii>
fem. a written permission.
r4vu& /r\.vu~/ <r\.\vu~> v.tr. to speak the
same thing repeatedly.
rg /r\g/ <r\.g\> fem. a vein.

rgi=yu& /r\.g\.i.ju~/ <r\.g\.i.ju~> adj.
slow and tedious.
r3va4 /r\g.va/ <r\.gh\.va.\> masc.
bewilderment.
rcna /r\c.na/ <r\.c\.na> fem. 1.
construction, 2. composition.
r6vu& /r\.vu~/ <r\.\.vu~> v.intr. to

weep.
r6aroX /r\.a.ro/ <r\.a.ro.\> fem.
weeping.
ri7yaXu& /r\.i.ja.u~/ <r\.hi.ja.u~> adj.
fascinating.
r8 /r\/ <r\.\> neut. a desert.
rciyta /r\c.ji.ta/ <r\.c\.ji.ta> masc. 1. a

constructor, 2. a composer.
r8 /r\/ <r\.\> neut. a battle-field.
rcvu& /r\c.vu~/ <r\.c\.vu~> v.tr. 1. to

construct, 2. to compose.
r8kvu& /r\.\k.vu~/ <r\.\.k\.vu~> v.intr.

to tinkle.
rj /r\/ <r\.\> fem. 1. a molecule, 2. a

particle.
r8kar /r\.kar/ <r\.\.ka.r\> masc. a

tinkling sound.
rjk8 /r\.k\/ <r\.\.k\.\> masc. a

particle of dust.
r82o6 /r\.co/ masc. Lord Sri

Krishna.
rjko /r\.ko/ <r\.\.ko> masc. a kind of

grass.
r8z8vu& /r\.\.vu~/ <r\.\.h\.\.vu~>

v.intr. to tinkle repeatedly.
rjt /r\.\t/ <r\.\.t\> neut. silver.
rtn /r\.t\n/ <r\.t\.n\> neut. the pupil

of the eye.
rjnI /r\.ni/ <r\.\.nii> fem. night.

rjpUt /r\.put/ <r\.\.pu.t\> masc. a
man belonging to Rajput community.
rja /r\.a/ <r\.a> fem. 1. a holiday, 2. a
leave.
rtl /r\.t\l/ <r\.t\.l\> masc. a measure

of weight.
rtva /r\t.va/ <r\.t\.va> masc. a kind of
skin disease.
170
rta= /r\.ta/ <r\.ta.\> fem. redness.
rmUj /r\.mu/ <r\.mu.\> fem. 1.

humor, 2. fun.
rtaXu& /r\.ta.u~/ <r\.ta.u~> neut. yam.

rta&0Xu& /r\.ta~n.d\.u~/ <r\.ta~.dh\.u~>
adj. night-blind.
rTn /r\t.n\/ <r\.tn\> neut. a gem.
r9 /r\t/ <r\.th\> masc. a chariot.
rI /r\d.di/ <r\.ddii> fem. 1. useless, 2.
scrap papers and etc.
rvrvvu& /r\v.r\v.vu~/ <r\.v\.r\.v\.vu~>

v.intr. to occur a biting sensation on the
tongue.
rivvar /r\.vi.var/ <r\.vi.va.r\> masc.
Sunday.
rvo /r\.vo/ <r\.vo> masc. granular flour
of wheat.
rs /r\s/ <r\.s\> masc. juice.
rbarI /r\.ba.ri/ <r\.ba.rii> masc. a

shepherd.
rs /r\s/ <r\.s\> masc. interest.
rmk6u& /r\.m\k.u~/ <r\.m\.k\.u~> neut.

a toy.
rsaksI /r\.sa.k\.si/ <r\.sa.k\.sii> fem.

an intense contest.
rmà8 /r\m.ka/ <r\.m\.kha.\> neut.

a riot.
rsadar /r\.sa.dar/ <r\.sa.da.r\> adj.

juicy.
rmjan /r\m.an/ <r\.m\.ha.n\> masc.

the ninth and the holy month of the Hijri
era.
rsay8 /r\.sa.j\/ <r\.sa.j\.\> neut.

chemical.
rmz4 /r\m.\/ <r\.m\.h\.\> fem. the

climax and the higest tempo of dancing,
singing etc.
risk /r\.sik/ <r\.si.k\> adj. romantic.

rsI /r\.si/ <r\.sii> fem. a vaccine.
rsId /r\.sid/ <r\.sii.d\> fem. a receipt.
rmt /r\.m\t/ <r\.m\.t\> fem. 1. a

game, 2. a play. 3. a sport.
rmityaX /r\.m\.ti.ja/ <r\.m\.ti.ja.\>
adj. 1. playful, 2. joyful.
rmrmvu& /r\m.r\m.vu~/ <r\..m\.r\.m\.vu~>
v.intr. 1. to jingle, 2. to tinkle.
rmvu& /r\m.vu~/ <r\.m\.vu~> v.intr. 1. to
play, 2. to sport.
rso /r\.so/ <r\.so> masc. thick juice of

cooked vegetables.
rso;yo /r\.so.i.jo/ <r\.so.ii.jo> masc. a
male cook.
rso;8 /r\.so.i.j\/ <r\.so.ii.j\.\> fem.
a female cook.
171
rso: /r\.so.i/ <r\.so.ii> fem. 1. cooking,
2. cooked food.
r&g-ed /r\.bed/ <r\~.g\.bhe.d\> masc.

racism.
rso6u& /r\.so.u~/ <r\.so.u~> neut. a

kitchen.
r&glo /r\g.lo/ <r\~.g\.lo> masc. a

clown.
rsoXI /r\.so.i/ <r\.so.ii> fem. a buglike tumor.
r&gvu& /r\g.vu~/ <r\~.g\.vu~> v.tr. to color.
rSto /r\s.to/ <r\.sto> masc. 1. a road, 2.

a cure, 3. a solution.
rSsI /r\s.si/ <r\.ssii> fem. a thick
string.
rhSy /r\.h\s.j\/ <r\.h\.sj\> neut. secret.
rhe5a8 /r\.he.a/ <r\.he.ha.\> neut.
1. a house, 2. an abode, 3. a residence.
r&gIn /r\.gin/ <r\~.gii.n\> adj. colorful.

ra: /ra.i/ <ra.ii> fem. 1. mustard plant,
2. mustard.
raxs /rak.\s/ <ra.k\.s\> masc. 1. a
monster, 2. a demon, 3. a devil.
raxsI /rak.\.si/ <ra.k\.sii> adj. 1.
devilish, 2. monstrous.
ra` /ra.k/ <ra.kh\> fem. ashes.
rhe8Ikr8I /r\.he.i.k\r.i/
<r\.he.ii.k\.r\.ii> fem. 1. life style,
2. manners.
rhevu& /r\.he.vu~/ <r\.he.vu~> v.intr. 1. to
live, 2. to dwell, 3. to reside.
ra`6I /rak.i/ <ra.kh\.ii> fem. a

thread that sisters tie on the arm of the
brothers for their protection.
ra`vu& /rak.vu~/ <ra.kh\.vu~> v.tr. to
keep.
rXvu& /r\.vu~/ <r\.\.vu~> v.intr. to earn.

riXyam8u& /r\.i.ja.m\.u~/
<r\.i.ja.m\.u~> adj. 1. beautiful, 2.
pleasant.
raò6Iyu& /ra.ko.i.ju~/ <ra.kho.ii.ju~>

adj. grey.
rag /rag/ <ra.g\> masc. tune.
r&k /r\k/ <r\~.k\> adj. poor.
raj /ra/ <ra.\> neut. a kingdom.
r&g /r\g/ <r\~.g\> masc. color.
rajku&vr /ra.ku~.v\r/ <ra.\.ku~.v\.r\>

masc. a prince
r&g-Uim /r\.g\.bu.mi/ <r\~.g\.bhuu.mi>

fem. a theatre.
r&g7&g /r\g.\g/ <r\~.g\.h\~.g\>
masc. manners.
rajku&vrI /ra.ku~v.ri/ <ra.\.ku~.v\.rii>

fem. a princess.
rajkar8 /ra.ka.r\/ <ra.\.ka.r\.\>
neut. politics.
172
rajkIy /ra.ki.j\/ <ra.\.kii.j\> adj.

political.
ratidvs /rat.di:.v\s/ <ra.t\.di.v\.s\>

adj. day and night.
rajkumar /ra.ku.mar/ <ra.\.ku.ma.r\>

masc. prince.
ratpaXI /rat.pa.i/ <ra.t\.pa.ii> fem. a

night-shift.
rajgadI /ra.ga.di/ <ra.\.ga.dii> fem. a

throne.
ratvaso /rat.va.so/ <ra.t\.va.so> masc. a

halt for a night.
raj0anI /ra.da.ni/ <ra.\.dha.nii> fem.

a states capital.
ratu& /red/ <ra.tu~> adj. red.

rai{a/rat.ri/ <ra.tri> fem. night.
rajnIit /ra.ni.ti/ <ra.\.nii.ti> fem.

politics.
ranI /ra.ni/ <ra.nii> adj. wild.
rajnEitk /ra.n\i.tik/ <ra.\.n\i.ti.k\>

adj. political.
raf6o /rap.o/ <ra.ph\.o> masc. 1. an

ant-hill, 2. a serpents burrow.
rajrmt /ra.r\.m\t/ <ra.\.r\.m\.t\>

fem. diplomacy.
rab /rab/ <ra.b\> fem. gruel.
raja /ra.a/ <ra.a> masc. the king.
ram7ol /ram.ol/ <ra.m\.ho.l\> masc.

a big drum.
ra@ /ra.i/ <ra.ii> adj. pleased.

rajy /ra.j\/ <ra.j\> neut. a state.
rajyai-qek /ra.ja.bi.ek/
<ra,ja,bhi.se.k\> masc. 1.
enthronement, 2. coronation.
rampatr /ram.pa.t\r/ <ra.m\.pa.t\.r\>

neut. a begging-bowl.
ramfX /ram.p\/ <ra.m\.ph\.\> neut.
a kind of fruit.
ramba8 /ram.ba/ <ra.m\.ba.\> neut.
infallible.
ra6 /ra/ <ra.\> fem. a shout.

ra8I /ra.i/ <ra.ii> fem. queen.
ra8Ivas /ra.i.vas/ <ra.ii.va.s\> masc.
a harem.
ra8o /\ra.o/ <ra.o> masc. a Rajput
king.
rat /rat/ <ra.t\> fem. night.
ram-roso /ram.b\.ro.so/
<ra.m\.bh\.ro.so> masc. faith in god.
ram-rose /ram.b\.ro.se/
<ra.m\.bh\.ro.so> postp. 1. things left
on the faith in god, 2. things left
unattended.
ramrajy /ram.ra.j\/ <ra.m\.ra.j\> neut.
an ideal state.
173
ramlIla /ram.li.la/ <ra.m\.lii.la> fem. a

folk drama.
ramI /ra.mi/ <ra.mii> masc. a gardener.
ramo /ra.mo/ <ra.mo> masc. a domestic
servant.
ra&0vu& /ra~d.vu~/ <ra~.dh\.vu~> v.tr. to

cook.
irbavvu& /ri.bav.vu~/ <ri.ba.v\.vu~> v.tr. 1.
to persecute, 2. to tyrannize.
irvaj /ri.va/ <ri.va.\> masc. a custom.
ray8 /ra.j\/ <ra.j\.\> fem. a tree.
irsavu& /ri:sa.vu~/ <ri.sa.vu~> v.intr. to be

displeased.
ray8 /ra.j\/ <ra.j\.\> neut. fruits of

ray8 tree.
rIzvvu& /ri.\v.vu~/ <rii.h\.v\.vu~> v.tr.

to please.
rav8h(9o /ra.v\.h\t.to/
<ra.v\.\.h\.ththo> masc. a kind of
musical instrument.
rI7u& /ri.u~/ <rii.hu~> adj. seasoned.
ravi8yo /ra.v\.i.jo/ <ra.v\.i.jo> masc.

a village-watchman.
raQ4^ /ra.r\/ <ra.sr\> neut. a nation.
raQ4Îy /ra.ri.j\/ <ra.sri.j\> adj.
national.
ras /ras/ <ra.s\> masc. a kind of
collective dance.
rasayi8k /ra.sa.j\.ik/ <ra.sa.j\.i.k\>
adj. chemical.
rIt /rit/ <rii.t\> fem. 1. method, 2.

style.
rIt-at /rit.bat/ <rii.t\.bha.t\> masc. pl.
manners.
rItirvaj /rit.ri.va/ <rii.t\.ri.va.\>
masc. pl. customs.
rI&g8 /ri.g\/ <rii~.g\.\> neut. an
eggplant.
rI&2 /ri~c/ <rii~.ch\> neut. a bear.
ruAab /ru.ab/ <ru.a.b\> masc. 1. pomp,
2. grandeur.
raht /ra.h\t/ <ra.h\.t\> fem. relief.

rucvu& /ruc.vu~/ <ru.c\.vu~> exp. to like.
rahdarI /rah.da.ri/ <ra.h\.da.rii> masc.
a traveler on a foot.
ruic /ru.ci/ <ru.ci> fem. liking.
rahbr /rah.b\r/ <ra.h\.b\.r\> masc. a

guide.
ruickr /ru.ci.k\r/ <ru.ci.k\.r\> adj. 1.

tasteful, 2. likable.
rahu /ra.hu/ <ra.huu> masc. a planet of

that name.
rudn /ru.d\n/ <ru.d\.n\> neut.

weeping.
174
rui0r /ru.dir/ <ru.dhi.r\> neut. blood.
mal /ru.mal/ <ruu.ma.l\> masc. 1.

towel, 2. handkerchief.
/ru/ <ruu> neut. cotton.

zvu& /ru.vu~/ <ruu.h\.vu~> v.intr. to
be healed.
5vu& /ru.vu~/ <ruu.h\.vu~> v.intr. to be
enraged because of displeasure.
&0vu& /ru~d.vu~/ <ruu~.dh\.vu~> v.tr. 1. to

restrict 2. to stop.
reà /re.ka/ <re.kha> fem. a line.
reà&= /re.ka~m/ <re.kha~.\> masc. a
longitude.
6u& /ru.u~/ <ruu.u~> adj. graceful.

rec /rec/ <re.c\> masc. a purgative.
7 /ru/ <ruu.h\> adj. traditionally
established.
re6 /re/ <re.\> fem. a raid.
i7 /ru.i/ <ruu.hi> fem. a custom.
re6vu& /re.vu~/ <re.\.vu~> v.tr. to pour.
p /rup/ <ruu.p\> neut. 1. appearance,

2. form.
rei7yaX /re.i.ja/ <re.hi.ja.\> adj. 1.

stray, 2. ownerless and wandering.
pk /ru.p\k/ <ruu.p\.k\> neut. a

metaphor.
re7u& /re.u~/ <re.hu~> adj. uncared for

by any one.
preà /rup.re.ka/ <ruu.p\.re.kha>

fem. an outline.
re8 /re/ <re.\> neut. a substance for

soldering metals.
paXu& /ru.pa.u~/ <ruu.pa.u~> adj.

beautiful.
retI /re.ti/ <re.tii> fem. sand.
pa&tr /ru.pa~n.t\r/ <ruu.pa~.t\.r\> neut.

transformation.
rebzeb /reb.eb/ <re.b\.he.b\> adj.

wet with perspiration.
rel /rel/ <re.l\> fem. flood.
ipyo /ru.pi.jo/ <ruu.pi.jo> masc.

Indias currency.
p&u /ru.pu~/ <ruu.pu~> neut. silver.
b /rub.ru/ <ruu.b\.ruu> advb. in the
presence of.
mzUm /rum.um/ <ruu.m\.huu.m\>
advb. with the sounds of jingling
anklets.
relm2el /re.l\m.cel/ <re.l\.m\.che.l\>

fem. an overflow.
relavu& /re.la.vu~/ <re.la.vu~> v.intr. to
spread like a stream.
relo /re.lo/ <re.lo> masc. a small thin
flow.
re=m /re.\m/ <re.h\.m\> neut. silken.
175
resadar /re.sa.dar/ <re.sa.da.r\> adj.

fibrous.
ronk /ro.n\k/ <ro.n\.k\> fem. beauty.
reso /re.so/ <re.so> masc. fiber.
ropvu& /rop.vu~/ <ro.p\.vu~> v.tr. 1. to

plant, 2. to sow.
re&kvu& /r~k.vu~/ <re~.k\.vu~> v.intr. to

bellow (of cow, buffalo).
roma&c /ro.ma~c/ <ro.ma~.c\> masc. a

thrill.
rok6 /ro.k\/ <ro.k\.\> fem. cash.
rovu& /ro.vu~/ <ro.vu~> v.intr. to cry.
rok6Iyu& /ro.k\.i.ju~/ <ro.k\.ii.ju~> adj.

dealing in cash.
ro=nI /ro.ni/ <ro.\.nii> fem.

illumination.
rokvu& /rok.vu~/ <ro.k\> v.tr. to stop.
roq /ro/ <ro.s\> masc. 1. anger, 2.

wrath.
roka8 /ro.ka/ <ro.ka.\> neut. delay.

rog /rog/ <ro.g\> masc. disease.
roigyu& /ro.gi.ju~/ <ro.gi.ju~> adj. sick.
roj /ro/ <ro.\> masc. 1. a day, 2. a
date.
roj /ro/ <ro.\> masc. a daily wage.
rojnI=I /ro.ni.i/ <ro.\.nii.ii> fem. a
diary.
rojbroj /ro.b\.ro/ <ro.\.b\.ro.\>
advb. everyday.
ro@ /ro.i/ <ro.ii> fem. maintenance.
rojo /ro.o/ <ro.o> masc. a fast-day for
Muslim.
ro4lI /ro.li/ <ro.\.lii> fem. a thin, soft
circular bread of wheat flour.
rotl /ro.t\l/ <ro.t\.l\> adj. apt to weep
over trifles.
rO /r\u.dr\/ <r\u.dr\> adj. 1. terrible,

2. horrible.
l
lkvo /l\k.vo/ <l\.k\.vo> masc.
paralysis.
lx8 /l\k.\/ <l\.k\.\> neut. 1. a
sign, 2. a symptom, 3. quality.
lmI /l\k.mi/ <l\.k\.mii> fem. the
wide of lord Vishnu and the goddess of
wealth.
l`pit /l\k.p\.ti/ <l\.kh\.p\.ti> masc.
a millionaire.
l`lU4 /l\k.lu/ <l\.kh\.luu.\> adj.
abundant.
l`vu& /l\k.vu~/ <l\.kh\.vu~> v.tr. to
write.
176
là8 /l\.ka/ <l\.kha.\> neut.
written material.
lckvu& /l\.c\k.vu~/ <l\.c\.k\.vu~> v.intr.

to bend down because of burden.
làv4 /l\.ka.v\/ <l\.kha.v\.\> fem.

writing.
lcko /l\c.ko/ <l\.c\.ko> masc. a lump

of a viscous substance.
lò4I /l\.ko.i/ <l\.kho.ii> fem. a

marble.
lcpc /l\c.p\c/ <l\.c\.p\.c\> adj.

viscous and doughy.
lg6I /l\g.i/ <l\.g\.ii> fem. a bar of

gold.
ljam8I /l\.am.i/ <l\.a.m\.ii> fem. a

kind of plant whose leaves contract
when we touch.
lgn /l\.g\n/ <l\.g\.n\> neut. marriage.

lg-g /l\g.b\g/ <l\.g\.bh\.g\> advb.
approximately.
lgatar /l\.ga.tar/ <l\.ga.ta.r\> advb.
nonstop.
ljavvu& /l\.av.vu~/ <l\.a.v\.vu~> v.tr. to

disgrace.
ljja /l\.a/ <l\.a> fem. modesty.
l4 /l\/ <l\.\> fem. a thin string of
hair.
lgam /l\.gam/ <l\.ga.m\> fem. 1. the

bit of bridle, 2. control.
l4kvu& /l\.\k.vu~/ v.intr. to hang.
lgavvu& /l\.gav.vu~/ <l\.ga.v\.vu~> v.tr. 1.

to smear with, 2. to join.
l4kaXu& /l\.ka.u~/ <l\.\.ka.u~> adj. apt

to walk.
lgI /l\.gi/ <l\.gii> advb. 1. till, 2. up to.
l4ku& /l\.ku~/ <l\.\.ku~> neut. a graceful

expression or physical attitude.
lgolg /l\.go.l\g/ <l\.go.l\.g\> postp.

very near.
lGn /l\g.n\/ <l\.gn\> neut. marriage.
l6t /l\.\t/ <l\.\.t\> fem. a fight.

l6vu& /l\.vu~/ <l\.\.vu~> v.intr. 1. to
fight, 2. to quarrel.
l3rv3r /l\.g\r.v\.g\r/
<l\.g\.r\.v\.g\.r\> adj. tattered.
l6a: /l\.ai/ <l\.a.ii> fem. a battle.
l3u /l\.gu/ <l\.ghu> adj. small.
l6ayk /l\.a.j\k/ <l\.a.j\.k\> adj. 1.

warlike, 2. inclined to fight.
l3utm /l\.gu.t\m/ <l\.ghu.t\.m\> adj.

minimum.
l3umtI /l\.gu.m\.ti/ <l\.ghu.m\.tii>
fem. minority.
l78 /l\.\/ <l\.h\.\> fem.

manner.
177
l8vu& /l\.vu~/ <l\.\.vu~> v.tr. 1. to
reap, 2. to harvest.
lpavu& /l\.pa.vu~/ <l\.pa.vu~> v.intr. to

hide oneself.
lt /l\t/ <l\.t\> fem. habit.
lpe4vu& /l\.pe.vu~/ <l\.pe.\.vu~> v.tr. 1.

to wrap, 2. to involve someone.
l]ao /l\t.to/ <l\.tto> masc. 1. a locality,

2. a street.
l96vu& /l\.t\.vu~/ <l\.th\.\.vu~> v.intr.
1. to stumble, 2. to deteriorate.
l96Iyu& /l\.t\.i.ju~/ <l\.h\.ii.ju~> neut.
stumbling.
lpkvu& /l\.p\k.vu~/ <l\.p\.k\.vu~> v.intr.
to be scorched.
lpkaro /l\p.ka.ro/ <l\.p\.ka.ro> masc.
repeated scorching or stinging pain.
lp2p /l\p.c\p/ <l\.p\.ch\.p\> fem.
underhand maneuvering.
lp4 /l\.p\/ <l\.p\.\> fem. . a swoop,
2. a pouncing upon.
lp4vu& /l\.p\.vu~/ <l\.p\.\.vu~> v.tr. to
trap someone.
lpe6vu& /l\.pe.vu~/ <l\.pe.\.vu~> v.tr. to

besmear thickly.
lpe6o /l\.pe.o/ <l\.pe.o> masc. a
thick layer.
lPp6 /l\p.p\/ <l\.pp\.\> fem. a slap.
lPpn2Ppn /l\p.p\n.c\p.p\n/
<l\.pp\.n\.ch\.pp\.n\> fem. useless
worry or discussion.
lf6ff6 /l\.p\.p\.p\/
<l\.ph\.\.ph\.ph\.\> advb. with
disorderly clothing.
lfru& /l\p.ru~/ <l\.ph\.ru~> neut. a lump
of the nose-mucus.
lb6vu& /l\.b\.vu~/ <l\.b\.\.vu~> v.intr.
to hand.
lp6ak /l\p.ak/ <l\.p\.a.k\> fem. a

slap.
lbaco /l\.ba.co/ <l\.ba.co> masc. a

disorderly collection of cloths, broken
things and etc.
lplp /l\p.l\p/ <l\.p\.l\.p\> fem.

prattle.
lba6 /l\.ba/ <l\.ba.\> adj. roguish.
lpvu& /l\p.vu~/ <l\.p\.vu~> v.intr. to hide.
lm8azI&k /l\m.a.i~k/ <l\.m\.a.hi.k\>

fem. a tedious and useless discussion.
lpsvu& /l\.p\s.vu~/ <l\.p\.s\.vu~> v.intr.

to slip.
lm8u& /l\m.u~/ <l\.m\.u~> neut. the

temple.
lps8u& /l\.p\s.vu~/ <l\.p\.s\.vu~> adj.

slippery.
ly /l\j/ <l\.j\> masc. rhythm.
178
llkar /l\l.kar/ <l\.l\.ka.r\> masc. a
loud singing or utterance.
lso4vu& /l\.so.vu~/ <l\.so.\.vu~> v.tr. to

mash.
llkarvu& /l\l.kar.vu~/ <l\.l\.ka.r\.vu~> v.tr.

1. to sing in a lingering tune, 2. to
challenge someone.
lha8I /l\.ha.i/ <l\.ha.ii> fem. gift

distributing among the relatives.
llcavu& /l\l.ca.vu~/ <l\.l\.ca.v\.vu~> v.tr.

to be enticed.
lhavo /l\.ha.vo/ <l\.ha.vo> masc. a

chance.
lihyo /l\.hi.jo/ <l\.hi.jo> masc. a scribe.
llna /l\l.na/ <l\.l\.na> fem. a beautiful

woman.
lvro /l\v.ro/ <l\.v\.ro> masc. a bruise
caused by the nail etc.
lvvu& /l\v.vu~/ <l\.v\.vu~> v.intr. 1. to
prate, 2. to chatter.
lvajm /l\.va.\m/ <l\.va.\.m\> neut. a
periodic subscription.
lvadI /l\.va.di/ <l\.va.dii> fem.
pertaining to arbitration.
lvaru& /l\.va.ru~/ <l\.va.ru~> neut. 1. a kid
(of goat) 2. a lamb.
lvaro /l\.va.ro/ <l\.va.ro> masc. prattle.
liv&g /l\.vig/ <l\.vi~.g\> neut. a clove.
liv&igyu& /l\.vi.gi.ju~/ <l\.vi~.gi.ju~> adj. as
big as or shaped like a clove.
l+kr /l\.k\r/ <l\.k\.r\> neut. army.
lher /l\.her/ <l\.he.r\> fem. a wave.

lherI /l\.he.ri/ <l\.he.rii> adj. joyful.
lXvu& /l\.vu~/ <l\.\.vu~> v.intr. to bend
down.
l&g6u& /l\g.u~/ <l\~.g\.u~> adj. 1. lame,
2. cripple.
l&g6o /l\g.o/ <l\~.g\.o> masc. a type
of a mango.
l&gr /l\.g\r/ <l\~.g\.r\> neut. an
anchor.
l&gUr /l\.gur/ <l\~.guu.r\> masc. a
monkey.
l&go4Iyu& /l\.go.i.jo/ <l\~.go.i.ju~> masc.
childhood (friend).
l&p4 /l\m.p\/ <l\~.p\.\> adj.
adulterous.
ls8 /l\.s\/ <l\.s\.\> neut. garlic.
l&bcors /l\mb.co.r\s/ <l\~.b\.co.r\.s\>

adj. rectangular.
lsrko /l\.s\r.ko/ <l\.s\.r\.ko> masc. a

scratch.
l&bodr /l\m.bo.d\r/ <l\~.bo.d\.r\> adj.

pot-bellied.
lak6I /lak.i/ <la.k\.ii> fem. a stick.
179
lak6u& /lak.u~/ <la.k\.u~> neut. 1. wood,

2. timber.
laxi8k /lak.\.nik/ <la.k\.i.k\> adj.
1. peculiar, 2. typical.
la` /lak/ <la.kh\> fem. sealing-wax.
la` /lak/ <la.kh\> adj. one hundred
thousand.
laù& /la.ku~/ <la.khu~> neut. a birthmark.
la6kvayu& /la.\k.va.ju~/ <la.\.k\.va.ju~>

adj. beloved (child).
la6vo /la.vo/ <la.\.vo> masc. a kind
of sweet.
la6u /la.u~/ <la.u> masc. a kind of
sweet.
lat /lat/ <la.t\> fem. a kick.
lad /lad/ <la.d\> fem. excretion of
some quadrupeds such as horse.
ladvu& /lad.vu~/ <la.d\.vu~> v.tr. to load.
lag /lag/ <la.g\> masc. 1. a support, 2.

an opportunity.
ladI /la.di/ <la.dii> fem. flooring tile.
lag8I /lag.i/ <la.g\.ii> fem.

sentiment.
la0vu& /lad.vu~/ <la.dh\.vu~> v.exp. 1. to

find, 2. to get.
lagt /la.g\t/ <la.g\.t\> fem. local

taxes.
lap4 /la.p\/ <la.p\.\> fem. a slap.
lagvg /lag.v\g/ <la.g\.v\.g\> fem.

influence (for getting gain illegally).
laprva /la.p\r.va/ <la.p\.r\.va> adj.

careless.
lagvu& /lag.vu~/ <la.g\.vu~> v.exp. to feel.
lap=I /lap.i/ <la.p\.ii> fem. a sweet of

that name.
lagvu& /lag.vu~/ <la.g\.vu~> v.intr. to

kindle.
lafo /la.po/ <la.pho> masc. a slept.
lacar /la.car/ <la.ca.r\> adj. helpless.
la- /lab/ <la.bh\> masc. 1. advantage,

2. benefit.
laj /la/ <la.\> fem. 1. credit, 2.

reputation.
layk /la.j\k/ <la.j\.k\> adj. suitable.
la4I /ma.i/ <la.ii> fem. timber-market.

la5I /la.i/ <la.hii> fem. a thick stick.
la6 /la/ <la.\> masc. pl. endearment.
lal /lal/ <la.l\> adj. red.

lalc /la.l\c/ <la.l\.c\> fem. greed.
lalcu& /lal.cu~/ <la.l\.cu~> adj. greedy.
180
lalsa /lal.sa/ <la.l\.sa> fem. intense
desire.
il&g /li.g\/ <li~.g\> neut. 1. a sign, 2.

the idol of Lord Shiva, 3. the generative
organ of the male.
lala= /la.la/ <la.la.\> fem. redness.

il&bu /lim.bu~/ <li~.bu~> neut. a lemon.
lailma /la.li.ma/ <la.li.ma> fem.
redness.
il&bu6I /lim.bu.i/ <li~.bu.ii> fem. a

lemon-tree.
lalI /la.li/ <la.lii> fem. redness.

lavrI /lav.ri/ <la.v\.rii> fem. a kind of
bird.
lavvu& /lav.vu~/ <la.v\.vu~> v.tr. 1. to
bring, 2. to fetch, 3. to buy.
la= /la/ <la.\> fem. a corpse.
laX /la/ <la.\> fem. 1. saliva, 2.
spittle.
laXo /la.o/ <la.o> masc. a burning
coal.
il&boXI /lim.bo.i/ <li~.bo.ii> fem. the

fruit of a neem tree.
lI` /lik/ <lii.kh\> fem. 1. an egg of a
louse, 2. a nit.
lIcI /li.ci/ <lii.cii> fem. a kind of fruittree or its fruit.
lI4I /li.i/ <lii.ii> fem. a line.
lIm6I /lim.i/ <lii.m\.ii> fem. a kind
of neem tree.
la&38 /la~.g\/ <la~.g\.\> fem. fasting.
lIm6o /lim.o/ <lii.m\.o> masc. a

neem tree.
la&c /la~c/ <la~.c\> fem. a bribe.
lIlm /li.l\m/ <lii.l\.m\> neut. emerald.
la&bu& /la~.bu~/ <la~.bu~> adj. long.
lIla /li.la/ <lii.la> fem. play.
ili`t /li.kit/ <li.khi.t\> adj. written.
lIlalher /li.la.l\.her/ <lii.la.l\.he.r\>

fem. complete happiness.
iljjt /li.\t/ <li.\.t\> fem. keen joy.

ilip /li.pi/ <li.pi> fem. script.
illam /li.lam/ <li.la.m\> neut. auction.
ilso4o /li.so.o/ <li.so.o> masc. 1. a thin
line 2. a bruise.
lIla= /li.la/ <lii.la.\> fem. greenness.

lIlu& /li.lu~/ <lii.lu~> neut. green.
lIsu& /li.su~/ <lii.su~> adj. smooth.
lI&4 /li~/ <lii~.\> neut. nasal mucus.
lI&6I& /li~.i/ <lii~.ii> fem. excrement of
goat etc.
181
lU4 /lu/ <luu.\> fem. robbing.
lI&p8 /li~.p\/ <lii~.p\.\> neut. daubing
with cow-dung, clay etc.
lI&pvu& /li~p.vu~/ <lii~.p\.vu~> v.tr. to daub
with cow-dung, clay etc.
luCca: /luc.cai/ <lu.cca.ii> fem.
cunningness.
luCcu& /luc.cu~/ <lu.ccu~> adj. cunning.
lu2i8yu& /lu.c\.i.ju~/ <lu.ch\.i.ju~> neut.
jute cloth for wiping.
lu4aru /lu.a.ru/ <lu.a.ru> masc. a
robber.
luhar /lu.har/ <lu.ha.r\> masc. a
blacksmith.
lu&gI /lu.gi/ <luu~.gii> fem. a cylindrical
garment worn round the waist and
covering the legs.
lU4vu& /lu.vu~/ <luu.\.vu~> v.tr. to rob.

lU8 /lu/ <luu.\> neut. salt.
lU8o /lu.o/ <luu.o> masc. the effects
of combination with salt.
lUm /lum/ <luu.m\> fem. a bunch.
lUlI /lu.li/ <luu.lii> fem. the tongue
(derogatory).
lUlu& /lu.lu~/ <lu.lu~> adj. lame.
le` /lek/ <le.kh\> masc. 1. an article,
2. a writing.
le`k /le.k\k/ <le.kh\.k\> masc. a
writer (male)
le`n /le.k\n/ <le.kh\.n\> neut.
writing.
lU /lu/ <luu> fem. sunstroke.
leù& /le.ku~/ <le.khu~> neut. account.
lU`s /lu.k\s/ <luu.kh\.s\> fem. a kind

of skin-disease.
leè /le.ke/ <le.khe> advb. at the rate.
lUù& /lu.ku~/ <luu.khu~> adj. dry

(without oil, ghee etc.).
lug6a&l]aa& /lug.a~.l\t.ta~/
<luu.g\.a~.l\.tta~> neut. pl. clothes and
similar other things.
lUg6u& /lug.u~/ <luu.g\.u~> neut. 1. a
garment, 2. a sari, 3. an article of dress.
lU2vu& /luc.vu~/ <lu.ch\.vu~> v.tr. to
wipe.
le8dar /l.dar/ <le.\.da.r\> adj. a

creditor.
le8de8 /le.de/ <le.\.de.\> fem.
relation of financial transaction.
lep /lep/ <le.p\> masc. coating.
lepvu& /lep.vu~/ <le.p\.vu~> v.tr. to coat.
lebas /le.bas/ <le.ba.s\> masc.
costume.
182
le-agu /le.ba.gu/ <le.bha.gu~> adj.
unreliable (person).
loko]ar /lo.kot.t\r/ <lo.ko.tt\.r\> adj.

super-human.
levadeva /le.va.de.va/ <le.va.de.va> fem.

1. relation, 2. concern.
lo`&6 /lo.k\/ <lo.kh\~.\> neut. iron.
levu& /le.vu~/ <le.vu~> v.tr. 1. to take, 2. to

purchase, 3. to accept.
locn /lo.c\n/ <lo.c\.n\> neut. the eye

(poetic).
loco /lo.co/ <lo.co> masc. a lump.
lok /lok/ <lo.k\> masc. 1. people, 2. a

mythological region of the universe.
lokk9a /lok.k\.ta/ <lo.k\.k\.tha> fem.
a folktale.
lokgIt /lok.git/ <lo.k\.gii.t\> neut. a
folksong.
lokccaR /lok.c\r.ca/ <lo.k\.c\.rca> fem.
popular talk.
lok@vn /lok.i.v\n/ <lo.k\.ii.v\.n\>
neut. social life.
lokip/y /lok.pri.j\/ <lo.k\.pri.j\> adj.
popular.
lok-oGy /lok.bog.j\/ <lo.k\.bho.gj\>
adj. capable of being understood by the
masses.
lokmt /lok.m\t/ <lo.k\.m\.t\> masc.
public opinion.
lok=ahI /lok.a.hi/ <lo.k\.a.hii> fem.
democracy.
lokiht /lok.hit/ <l> neut. public welfare.
lokacar /lo.ka.car/ <lo.ka.ca.r\> masc.
social customs.
lokoikt /lo.kok.ti/<lo.ko.kti> fem. a
proverb.
lo4 /lo/ <lo.\> masc. 1. flour, 2. fine

powder.
lo4vu& /lo.vu~/ <lo.\.vu~> v.intr. to roll
on around.
lo7I /lo.i/ <lo.hii> fem. an iron pan.
lo7u& /lo.u~/ <lo.hu~> neut. iron.
lop /lop/ <lo.p\> masc. 1. merger, 2.
assimilation.
lopvu& /lop.vu~/ <lo.p\.vu~> v.intr. to
hide.
lofr /lo.p\r/ <lo.ph\.r\> adj. a
vagabond.
lo- /lob/ <lo.bh\> masc. greed.
lo-am8u& /lo.bam.u~/ <lo.bha.m\.u~>
adj. enticing.
lo-I /lo.bi/ <lo.bhii> adj. greedy.
lohcu&bk /loh.cum.b\k/ <lo.h\.cu~.b\.k\>
neut. a magnet.
lohIyaX /lo.hi.ja/ <lo.hii.ja.\> adj. 1.
bloody, 2. violent, 3. stained with blood.
lohI /lo.hi/ <lo.hii> neut. blood.
183
lohIwkaXo /lo.hi.u.ka.o/ <lo.hii.u.ka.o>
masc. quarrel.
và8 /v\.ka/ <v\.kha.\> masc.

praise.
lohIluha8 /lo.hi.lu.ha/ <lo.hii.lulha.\>

adj. bleeding heavily.
và8vu& /v\.ka.vu~/ <v\.kha.\.vu~>

v.tr. to praise.
lohIva /lo.hi.va/ <lo.hii.va> masc. a

kind of disease related to blood.
vàr /v\.kar/ <v\.kha.r\> fem. a store

house.
loiXyu& /lo.i.ju~/ <lo.i.ju~> neut. earornament for women.
vò6vu& /v\.ko.vu~/ <v\.kho.\.vu~>

v.tr. 1. to find faults, 2. to criticize.
lo&do /l~.do/ <lo~.do> masc. a lump of

sticky.
vg6aw /v\g.au/ <v\.g\.a.u~> adj.

pertaining to wood.
lOikk/l\u.kik/ <l\u.ki.k\> adj. worldly.
vg6o /v\g.o/ <v\.g\/o> masc.

barren region.
v
vkrvu& /v\.k\r.vu~/ <v\.k\.r\.vu~> v.intr.
1. to deteriorate 2. to worsen.
vkro /v\k.ro/ <v\.k\.ro> masc. sale.
vkIl /v\.kil/ <v\.kii.l\> masc. a
lawyer.
vkIlatnamu& /v\.ki.lat.na.mu~/
<v\.kii.la.t\.na.mu~> neut. power of
attorney.
vgr /v\.g\r/ <v\.g\.r\> postp. without.

vga6vu& /v\.ga.vu~/ <v\.ga.\.vu~> v.tr.
to cause to sound (of musical
instrument).
vga6vu& /v\.ga.vu~/ <v\.ga.\.vu~> v.tr.
1. to harm, 2. to injure.
vgere /v\.ge.re/ <v\.ge.re> advb. et
cetera.
vgo /v\.go/ <v\.go> masc. a locality.
vktVy /v\k.t\v.j\/ <v\.kt\.vj\> neut. a

speech.
vgovvu& /v\.gov.vu~/ <v\.go.v\.vu~> v.tr.

to defame.
vkta /v\k.ta/ <v\.kta> masc. a speaker.
v3ar /v\.gar/ <v\.gha.r\> masc. the

act of sizzling a liquid dish with boiled
mixture of ghee or oil and spices.
v`t /v\.k\t/ <v\.kh\.t\> masc. time.

v`tov`t /v\.k\.to.v\.k\t/
<v\.kh\.to.v\.kh\.t\> advb. 1. often,
2. frequently.
v3arvu& /v\.gar.vu~/ <v\.gha.r\.vu~> v.tr.

to sizzle a liquid dish with boiled ghee or
oil and spices.
184
vcgaXo /vc.ga.o/ <v\.c\.ga.o> masc.
in middle part of time.
vcn /v\.c\n/ <v\.c\.n\> neut.
promise.
vcn /v\.c\n/ <v\.c\.n\> neut. number
(grammatical).
vclu& /v\c.lu~/ <v\.c\.lu~> adj. 1. middle,
2. intermediate.
vCce /v\c.ce/ <v\.cce> postp. in the
middle.
v2U4vu& /v\.cu.vu~/ <va.chu.\.vu~>
v.intr. to go off suddenly.
v2eru& /v\.ce.ru~/ <va.che.ru~> neut. a
colt.
v4avvu& /v\.av.vu~/ <v\.a.v\.vu~> v.tr. 1.

to exchange a big coin/ bill for smaller
ones, 2. to encash a draft, note or checks
etc.
v4avvu& /v\.av.vu~/ <v\.a.v\.vu~> v.tr. to
pass by or cross safely.
v4emaguR /v\.e.mar.gu/ <v\.e.ma.rgu>
masc. a traveler.
v6 /v\/ <v\> masc. a banyan tree.
v6vo /v\.vo/ <v\.\.vo> masc. an
ancestor.
v6ssro /v\.s\s.ro/ <v\.\.s\.s\.ro>
masc. father of a father-in-law.
v6sasu /v\.sa.su~/ <v\.\.sa.su> fem.
mother of a father-in-law.
v2erI /v\.ce.ri/ <v\.che.rii> fem. a filly.

v2o6vu& /v\.co.vu~/ <v\.cho.\.vu~> v.tr.
to separate.
vjn /v\.\n/ <v\.\.n\> neut. 1.
weight, 2. burden.
v4 /v\/ <v\.\> masc. reputation.
v4lavu& /v\.la.vu~/ <v\.\.la.vu~> v.tr. 1.
to become a religious/ caste convert, 2.
to be polluted because of food, drinks
etc.
v4hukm /v\.hu.k\m/ <v\.\.hu.k\.m\>
masc. an ordinance.
v4a8a /v\.a.a/ <v\.a.a> masc. a
kind of beans.
v4av /v\.av/ <v\.a.v\> masc.
discount.
v6Il /v\.il/ <v\.ii.l\> adj. elder

person in a family.
v6IlopaijRt /v\.i.lo.par.it/
<v\.i.lo.pa.ri.t\> adj. acquired or
erned by ancestors.
v6e /v\.e/ <v\.e> postp. 1. by, 2.
with.
v7vu& /v\.vu~/ <v\.h\.vu~> v.intr. to
quarrel.
v8kr /v\.k\r/ <v\.\.k\.r\> masc. a
weaver.
v8jar /v\.ar/ <v\.\.ha.r\> fem. a
craven.
v8vu& /v\.vu~/ <v\.\.vu~> v.tr. 1. to
weave, 2. to intertwine and make, 3. to
roll bread, 4. to pick or gather crops.
185
v8svu& /v\.\s.vu~/ <v\.\.s\.vu~> v.intr.

1. to worsen, 2. to deteriorate.
v8a4 /v\.a/ <v\.a.\> masc. texture.
vtn /v\.t\n/ <v\.t\.n\> neut. native
place.
v0are /v\.da.re/ <v\.dha.re> adj. 1.

more, 2. additional.
v0avvu& /v\.dav.vu~/ <v\.dha.v\.vu~>
v.tr. to welcome gladly.
v0u /v\.du/ <v\.dhu> adj. more.
v0U /v\.du/ <v\.dhuu> fem. a wife.
vtnI /v\t.ni/ <v\.t\.ni> adj. a native.

vtI /v\.ti/ <v\.tii> postp. on behalf of.
vd /v\d/ <v\.d\> fem. the dark half of a
lunar month.
vdn /v\.d\n/ <v\.d\.n\> neut. the face
(poetic).
vI /v\d.di/ <v\.ddii> fem. reminder
(in mathematics).
v0ervu& /v\.der.vu~/ <v\.dhe.r\.vu~> v.tr.

to offer as a sacrifice.
vn /v\n/ <v\.n\> neut. forest.
vnraj /v\n.ra/ <v\.n\.ra.\> masc. the
king of the forest- lion.
vnSpit /v\.n\s.p\.ti/ <v\.n\.sp\.ti>
fem. 1. trees, plants, etc. 2. vegetation.
v0 /v\d/ <v\.dh\> masc. a slaughter.
vpra= /v\p.ra/ <v\.p\.ra.\> masc. 1.

use, 2. consumption.
v0vu& /v\d.vu~/ <v\.dh\.vu~> v.intr. 1. to

grow, 2. to increase.
vfadar /v\.pa.dar/ <v\.pha.da.r\> adj.

faithful.
v0vu& /v\d.vu~/ <v\.dh\.vu~> v.intr. to

remain as a residue.
vmn /v\.m\n/ <v\.m\.n\> neut.

vomiting.
v0a: /v\.da.i/ <v\.dha.ii> fem. good

news.
vmX /v\.m\/ <v\.m\.\> masc.

whirlpool.
v0am8u& /v\.dam.u~/ <v\.dha,m\.u~>

neut. a ceremonial worship of goddess
on an auspicious event.
vy /v\j/ <v\.j\> fem. age.
v0arvu& /v\.dar.vu~/ <v\.dha.r\.vu~> v.tr.

to increase.
v0arvu& /v\.dar.vu~/ <v\.dha.r\.vu~> v.tr.
to save.
vyov<)0 /v\.jo.vrud.d\/
<v\.jo.vru.dhdh\> adj. 1. old, 2.
elderly.
vr /v\r/ <v\.r\> masc. a bridegroom.
vr` /v\.r\k/ <v\.r\.kh\> masc. a very
thin layer of gold or sliver.
186
vr3o6Iya& /v\r.go.i.ja~/
<v\.r\.gho.ii.ja~> neut. pl. people
accompanying a marriage procession.
vr3o6o /masc./ <v\.r\.gho.o> masc. a
marriage procession.
vr8 /v\.r\/ <v\.r\.\> fem. 1. a caste,
2. a social class.
vraX /v\.ra/ <v\.ra.\> fem. 1. steam,

2. vapor.
viryaXI /v\.ri.ja.i/ <v\.ri.ja.ii> fem.
fennel seed.
virQ5 /v\.ri.\/ <v\.ri.sh\> adj. chief.
vru /v\.ru/ <v\.ru> neut. a wolf.
vre6u& /v\.re.u~/ <v\.re.u~> neut. a rope.
vr8aigyu& /v\r.a.gi.ju~/ <v\.r\.a.gi.ju~>

adj. 1. foppish, 2. vainly showy.
vr8I /v\r.i/ <v\.r\.ii> fem. selection.
vro /v\.ro/ <v\.ro> masc. a caste

dinner.
vgR /v\r.g\/ <v\.rg\> masc. a class.
vrtvu& /v\.r\t.vu~/ <v\.r\.t\.vu~> v.intr.

to behave.
vrtaro /v\r.ta.ro/ <v\.r\.ta.ro> masc. 1.
a prediction, 2. a forcast.
vrdan /v\r.dan/ <v\.r\.da.n\> neut.
blessing from a god, a saint etc.
vrmaXa /v\r.ma.a/ <v\.r\.ma.a> fem.
the garland that bride puts round the
neck of the bridegroom.
vrraja /v\r.ra.a/ <v\.r\.ra.a> masc. a
bridegroom.
vrvu& /v\r.vu~/ <v\.r\.vu~> adj. 1. ugly, 2.
misshaped, 3. wicked.
vrsI /v\r.si/ <v\.r\.sii> fem. ceremony
performed on the first anniversary of
someones death.
vrs /v\.r\s/ <v\.r\.s\> neut. year.
vrsad /v\r.sad/ <v\.r\.sa.d\> masc.
rain.
vgRivg/h /v\rg.vig.r\h/
<v\.rg\.vi.gr\.h\> masc. a class-war.
vcRs /v\r.c\s/ <v\.rc\.s\> neut.
controlling power.
vcRSvI /v\r.c\s.vi/ <v\.rc\.svii> adj.
powerful.
v8R /v\r.\/ <v\.r\> masc. color.
v8R /v\r.\/ <v\.r\> masc. letter.
v8R /v\r.\/ <v\.r\> fem. caste.
v8Rn /v\r.\n/ <v\.r\.n\> neut. 1.
description, 2. narration.
v8Rvvu& /v\r.\v.vu~/ <v\.r\.v\.vu~> v.tr.
1. to describe, 2. to narrate.
v8Rs&kr /v\r.\.s\.k\r/
<v\.r\.s\~.k\.r\> adj. born of parents
of different castes or religion.
187
v8aRnuk/m /v\r.a.nu.kr\m/
<v\.rna.nu.kr\.m\> masc.
alphabetical order.
vtR8U&k /v\r.t\.u~k/ <v\.rt\.u~.k\> fem.
1. behavior, 2. conduct.
vtRn /v\r.t\n/ <v\.rt\.n\> neut. 1.
behavior, 2. conduct.
vsva4 /v\s.va/ <v\.s\.va.\> masc. 1.

residing, 2. dwelling, 3. stay.
vsvu& /v\s.vu~/ <v\.s\.vu~> v.intr. 1. to
dwell, 2. to reside.
vs&t /v\.s\nt/ <v\.s\~.t\> fem. the
spring season.
vtRman /v\r.t\.man/ <v\.rt\.ma.n\> adj.

1. present, 2. current.
vsa8u& /v\.sa.u~/ <v\.sa.u~> neut. a

food item made of various spices and
eaten normally in winter.
vtRmankaX /v\r.t\.man.ka/
<v\.rt\.ma.n\> masc. present tense.
vsavvu& /v\.sav.vu~/ <v\.sa.v\.vu~> v.tr.

to cause to live.
vtRmanp{a /v\r.t\.man.p\t.r\/
<v\.rt\.ma.n\.p\.tr\> neut. a
newspaper.
vsavvu& /v\.sav.vu~/ <v\.sa.v\.vu~> v.tr.

to purchase durable things.
vtuRX /v\r.tu/ <v\.rtu.\> neut. a circle.
vsaht /v\.sa.h\t/ <v\.sa.h\.t\> fem. a

settlement.
vqR /v\r.\/ <v\.rs\> neut. an year.
visyt /v\.si.j\t/ <v\.si.j\.t\> fem.

inheritance.
vqaRtu /v\r.a.ru.tu/ <vv\.rsa.ru.tu>

fem. the rainly season.
visytnamu& /v\.si.j\t.na.mu~/ <v\.si.j\.t\>

neut. a will.
vl8 /v\.l\/ <v\.l\.\> neut. mental

inclination.
vsUkvu& /v\.suk.vu~/ <v\.su.k\.vu~> v.intr.

to cease yielding milk.
vlo8u& /v\.lo.u~/ <v\.lo.u~> neut. a

churning rod.
vsUlat /v\.su.lat/ <v\.su.la.t\> fem. an

act of recovering money.
vlopat /v\.lo.pat/ <v\.lo.pa.t\> masc.

restlessness and dejection.
vStI /v\s.ti/ <v\.stii> fem. population.
vlopaityu& /v\.lo.pa.ti,ju~/ <v\.lo.pa.ti.ju~>

adj. inclined to be restless and deject.
vsit /v\s.ti/ <v\.s\.ti> fem. population.
vsvso /v\s.v\.so/ <v\.s\.v\.so> masc.
1. remorse, 2. grudge.
vStIg8trI /v\s.ti.g\.\t.ri/
<v\.stii.g\.\.t\.rii> fem. census.
vStIp{ak /v\s.ti.p\t.r\k/
<v\.stii.p\.tr\.k\> neut. a census
record.
188
vStu /v\s.tu/ <v\.stu> fem. a thing.
vS{a /v\s.tr\/ <v\.str\> neut. a garment.
vha8 /v\.ha/ <v\.ha.\> neut. a ship.
vhal /v\.hal/ <v\.ha.l\> neut.
affection.
vhI /v\.hi/ <v\.hii> fem. an accountbook.
vhIv4 /v\.hi.v\/ <v\.hii.v\.\> masc.
an administration.
vhIv4I /v\.hi.v\.i/ <v\.hii.v\.ii> adj.
administrative.
vheXo /v\.he.o/ <v\.he.o> masc. a

stream.
vhe&c8I /fem./ <v\.he~.c\.ii> fem.
distribution.
vhe&cvu& /v\.h~c.vu~/ <v\.he~.c\.vu~> v.tr. to
distribute.
vhorvu& /v\.hor.vu~/ <v\.ho.r\.vu~> v.tr.
1. to purchase 2. to undertake a risk
thoughtlessly.
vX /v\/ <v\.\> masc. a twist.
vXg8 /v\.g\/ <v\.\.g\.\> neut. 1.
a relation, 2. a connection.
vhIv&co /v\.hi.v\.co/ <v\.hii.v\~.co>

masc. a bard keeping the record of
genealogical tree.
vXgvu& /v\.\g.vu~/ <v\.\.g\.vu~> v.intr.

1. to cling, 2. to stick to.
vhu /v\.hu/ <v\.hu> fem. a wife.
vXga6 /v\.ga/ <v\.\.ga.\> masc. 1.

ghost, 2, an evil spirit.
vhem /v\.hem/ <v\.he.m\> masc. 1.

suspicion, 2. doubt.
vhemI /v\.he.mi/ <v\.he,mii> adj.
suspicious.
vhelu& /v\.he.lu~/ <v\.he.lu~> adj. early.
vhevar /v\.he.var/ <v\.he,va.r\> masc.
day to day interaction.
vhevaru& /v\.he.va.ru~/ <v\.he.va.ru~> adj.
honest in day to day interaction.
vXtr /v\.t\r/ <v\.\.t\.r\> neut. 1.

profit, 2. remuneration.
vXvu& /v\.vu~/ <v\.\.vu~> v.intr. 1. to be
twisted, 2. to be bent.
vXvu& /v\.vu~/ <v\.\.vu~> v.intr. to
return.
vXavvu& /v\.av.vu~/ <v\.a.v\.vu~> v.tr. to
see one off.
vXa&k /v\.a~k/ <v\.a~.k\> masc. a turn.
vhevu& /v\.he.vu~/ <v\.he.vu~> v.intr. to

flow.
vXI /v\.i/ <v\.ii> advb. besides.
vheiXyu& /v\.he.i.ju~/ <v\.he.i.ju~> neut. a

small stream.
v&4oX /v\.o/ <v\~.o.\> masc.

whirlwind.
189
v&4oXIyo /v\.o.i.jo/ <v\~.o.ii.jo> masc.
whirlwind.
va38 /va.g\/ <va.gh\.\> fem.

tigress.
v&trI /v\n.t\.ri/ <v\~.t\.ri> fem. a female

ghost.
vack /va.c\k/ <va.c\.k\> masc. reader.
v&dn /v\n.d\n/ <v\~.d\.n\> neut. a

respectful bow.
v&dna /v\n.da.na/ <v\~.d\.na> fem. 1. a
bowing, 2. a salutation, 3. a prayer.
vacn /\va.c\n/ <va.c\.n\> neut.

reading.
vacnaly /va.c\.na.l\j/ <va.c\.na.l\.j\>
neut. a library.
vaca /va.ca/ <va.ca> fem. a speech
v&do /v\n.do/ <v\.ndo> masc. a

cockroach.
v&= /v\m/ <v\~.\> masc. descendents.
v&=pr&pra /v\m.p\.r\m.p\.ra/
<v\~.\.p\.r\~.p\.ra> fem. a femily-tree.
vaCya9R /vac.jar.t\/ <va.cja.rth\> adj.

literal meaning.
va26I /vac.i/ <va.ch\.ii> fem. a
female calf.
vaj /va/ <va.\> adj. tired.
va /va/ <va> advb. or.

va /va/ <va> masc. wind.
va /va/ <va> masc. rheumatism.
vaky /vak.j\/ <va.kj\> neut. a sentence.
vajape4I /va.a.pe.i/ <va.a.pe.ii> fem.

a harmonium.
vaij&{a /va.in.tr\/ <va.i~.tr\> neut. a
musical organ.
va4 /va/ <va.\> fem. a road.
vagvu& /vag.vu~/ <va.g\.vu~> v.exp. 1. to

be injured, 2. to be wounded.
va4 /va/ <va.\> fem. a wick.
vagvu& /vag.vu~/ <va.g\.vu~> v.intr. to be

struck.
va4vu& /va.vu~/ <va.\.vu~> v.tr. to pound

or crush with a muller.
vagvu& /vag.vu~/ <va.g\.vu~> v.intr. to

strike (of a clock).
va4a3a4 /va.a.ga/ <va.a.gha.\> fem.

negotiations.
vagoXvu& /va.go.vu~/ <va.go.\.vu~> v.intr.

1. to ruminate, 2. to chew and cud.
va6 /va/ <va.\> fem. 1. a hedge, 2. a

fence, 3. a railing.
va3 /va/ <va.gh\> masc. tiger.
va6kI /va.ki/ <va.\.kii> fem. a cuplike small vessel.
190
va6ab&0I /va.a.b\n.di/ <va.a.b\~.dhii>
fem. group-ism.
vadiXyu& /va.d\.i.ju~/ <va.d\.i.ju~> adj.

cloudy.
va6I /va.i/ <va.ii> fem. a farm of

nursing fruit or flower plants.
vadXu& /va.d\/ <va.\.u~> neut. a cloud.

van /van/ <va.n\> masc. complexion.
va6o /va.o/ <va.o> masc. a backyard.

vangI /van.gi/ <va.n\.gii> fem. an item.
va7 /va/ <va.h\> masc. 1. a cut, 2. a
wound.
va7vu& /va.vu~/ <va.h\.vu~> v.tr. 1. to
cut, 2. to reap.
vai8jy /va.i.j\/ <va.i.j\> neut. 1.
trade, 2. commerce.
vai8y8 /va.i.j\/ <va.i.j\.\> fem. 1.
a woman belonging to the Vania caste,
2. a Vanis wife.
vai8yo /va.i.jo/ <va.i.jo> masc. a man
of the Vania caste.
va8I /va.i/ <va.ii> fem. speech.
vat /vat/ <va.t\> fem. 1. a story, 2. a
narrative.
vanr /va.n\r/ <va.n\.r\> masc. a

monkey.
vam8u& /vam.u~/ <va.m\.u~> adj.
inferior.
vamn /va.man/ <va.m\.n\> adj.
dwarfish.
vay6a: /vaj.ai/ <va.j\.a.ii> fem. over
wisdom.
vay6u& /vaj.u~/ <va.j\.u~> adj. causing
gas in the body.
vaydo /vaj.do/ <va.j\.do> masc. 1.
promise, 2. a forward transaction.
vayro /vaj.ro/ <va.j\.ro> masc. wind.
vatcIt /vat.cit/ <va.t\.ci.t\> fem.

conversation.
vatavr8 /va.ta.v\.r\/ <va.ta.v\.r\.\>
neut. atmosphere.
vaTsLy /vat.s\l.j\/ <va.ts\.lj\> neut.
affection.
vad /vad/ <va.d\> masc. 1. debate, 2.
ism.
vadX /va.d\/ <va.d\.\> neut. a cloud.
vayro /vaj.ro/ <va.j\.ro> masc. a

popular or current trend.
vayVy /va.j\v.j\/ <va.j\.vj\> adj. NorthWest.
vayu /va.ju/ <va.ju~> masc. 1. wind, 2.
air.
vayu /va.ju/ <va.ju> masc. 1. gas, 2.
indigestion.
varvu& /var.vu~/ <va.r\.vu~> v.tr. 1. to
restraint, 2. to prohibit.
191
vars /va.r\s/ <va.r\.s\> masc. an

inheritor.
varsagt /var.sa.g\t/ <va.ra.sa.g\.t\>
adj. hereditary.
vavu& /va.vu~/ <va.vu~> v.tr. to give a birth

to a calf.
vavetr /va.ve.t\r/ <va.ve.t\.r\> neut. 1.
sowing, 2. planting.
vas /vas/ <va.s\> masc. a locality.
varso /var.so/ <va.r\.so> masc. 1.

legacy, 2. heritage, 3. inheritance.
vas /vas/ <va.s\> fem. smell.
var&var /va.r\m.var/ <va.r\~.va.r\> advb.

1. repeatedy, 2. now and again.
vas8 /va.s\/ <va.s\.\> neut. 1. a

vessel, 2. a utensil.
varafrtI /va.ra.p\r.ti/ <va.ra.ph\.r\.tii>

advb. one after another.
vas8kUs8 /va.s\.ku.s\/
<va.s\.\.kuu.s\.\> neut. pl. kitchen
utensils.
vare36Iye /va.re.g\.i.je/
<va.re.gh\.ii.je> advb. frequently.
varo /va.ro/ <va.ro> masc. turn.
vasna /vas.na/ <va.s\.na> fem. 1. desire

for worldly happiness, 2. passion.
vasvuU& /vas.vu~/ <va.s\.vu~> v.tr. to close.
vataR /var.ta/ <va.rta> fem. 1. a stroy, 2.

a narrative.
vasI /va.si/ <va.sii> adj. stale.
vaiqRk /var.ik/ <va.rsi.k\> adj. 1.

yearly, 2. annual.
vaStv /vas.t\v/ <va.st\.v\> neut. a

reality.
val /val/ <va.l\> masc. a kind of pluse.
vaStivk /vas.t\.bik/ <va.st\.vi.k\> adj.

real.
valoX /va.lo/ <va.lo.\> fem. a green

pod of kind of pulse used as a vegetable.
vav /vav/ <va.v\> fem. a step-well.
vav4o /vav.o/ <va.v\.o> masc. a flag.
vav6 /va.v\/ <va.v\.\> masc. 1.
whereabouts, 2. news.
vav8I /vav.i/ <va.v\.ii> fem. a
sowing.
vavu& /va.vu~/ <va.vu~> v.intr. to blow.
vaStu /vas.tu/ <va.stu> neut. a ritual

performed before occupying a house.
vaStupUja /vas.tu. pu.a./ <va.stu.puu.a>
fem. a ritual performed before
occupying a house.
vah /vah/ <va.h\> advb. 1. well-done,
2. bravo.
vahn /va.h\n/ <va.h\.n\> neut. a
vehicle.
192
vaihyat /va.hi.jat/ <va.hi.a.t\> adj. 1.
hollow, 2. bogus.
va&cvu& /va~c.vu~/ <va~.c\.vu~> v.tr. 1. to

read, 2. to decipher.
vaX /va/ <va.\> masc. hair.
va&z8u& /va~.u~/ <va~.h\.u~> adj. 1.

barren, 2. childless.
vaXvu& /va.vu~/ <va.\.vu~> v.tr. 1. to

bend, 2. to roll.
vaXvu& /va.vu~/ <va.\.vu~> v.tr. 1. to
repay, 2. to return.
va&7o /va~.o/ <va~.ho> masc. a

bachelor on compusion.
va&dro /va~d.ro/ <va~.d\.ro> masc. a male
monkey.
vaXvu& /va.vu~/ <va.\.vu~> v.tr. to sweep.

vaXvu& /va.vu~/ <va.\.vu~> v.tr. to
change the direction of a vehicle, water
etc.
vaX&d /va.\nd/ <va.\~.d\> masc. a
barber.
va&drI /va~d.ri/ <va~.d\.rii> fem. a female

monkey.
va&dru& /va~d.ru~/ <va~.d\.ru~> neut. a
monkey.
va&0o /va~.do/ <va~.dho> masc. 1.
opposition, 2. objection, 3. dispute.
vaXI /va.i/ <va.ii> fem. a nose-ring.

va&s /va~s/ <va~.s\> masc. a bamboo.
vaXo /va.o/ <va.o> masc. a metallic
wire.
va&k /va~k/ <va~.k\> masc. 1. fault, 2.
defect.
va&k6o /va~k.o/ <va~.k\.o> masc. dowry
given to the bridegroom by the bride
side.
va&ku& /va~.ku~/ <va~.ku~> adj. 1. crooked, 2.
bent, 3. curved.
va&ku&cUku& /va~.ku~.cu~.ku~/ <va~.ku~.cuu.ku~>
adj. zigzag.
va&3u& /va~.gu~/ <va~.ghu~> neut. a ravine.
va&cn /va~.c\n/ <va~.c\.n\> neut. a
reading.
va&sl6I /va~.s\l.i/ <va~.s\.l\.ii> fem. a

flute.
va&sXI /va~s.i/ <va~.s\.ii> fem. a flute.
va&so /va~.so/ <va~.so> masc. the back.
ivk4 /vi.k\/ <vi.k\.\> adj. 1. tough, 2.
difficult.
ivkraX /vik.ra/ <vi.k\.ra.\> adj.
terrible.
ivkLp /vi.k\l.p\/ <vi.k\.lp\> masc. an
alternative.
ivksvu& /vi.k\s.vu~/ <vi.k\.s\.vu~> v.intr.
1. to grow, 2. to develop, 3. to increase.
ivkist /vik.sit/ <vi.k\.si.t\> adj.
developed.
193
ivkar /vi.kar/ <vi.ka.r\> masc.

deterioration.
ivcrvu& /vi.c\r.vu~/ <vi.c\.r\.vu~> v.intr.

to loiter.
ivkarI /vi.ka.ri/ <vi.ka.rii> adj. apt to

change.
ivcar /vi.car/ <vi.ca.r\> masc. thought.
ivkas /vi.kas/ <vi.ka.s\> masc. 1.

growth, 2. development.
ivk<t /vik.rut/ <vi.kru.t\> adj.
distorted.
ivxep /vik.ep/ <vi.ke.p\> masc.
obstruction.
ivcark /vi.ca.r\k/ <vi,ca.r\.k\> masc. a

thinker.
ivcar8a /vi.car.a/ <vi.ca.r\.a> fem. 1.
thinking, 2. consideration.
ivcarvu& /vi.car.vu~/ <vi.ca.r\.vu~> v.tr. to
think.
ivic{a /vi.cit.r\/ <vi.ci.tr\> adj. strange.
iv`vad /vik.vad/ <vi.kh\.va.d\> masc.

1. discord, 2. dispute.
ivÙ4u& /vi.ku.u~/ <vi.khuu.u~> adj.
separated and lonely.
ivC2ed /vic.ced/ <vi.cche.d\> masc. a

cut.
ivjy /vi.\j/ <vi.\.j\> masc. victory.
ivèrvu& /vi.ker.vu~/ <vi.khe.r\.vu~> v.tr.

to scatter.
ivjatIy /vi.a.ti.j\/ <vi.a.tii.j\> adj. of

different sex, caste, class or race.
iv~yat /vik.jat/ <vi.khja.t\> adj.

famous.
ivjeta /vi.e.ta/ <vi.e.ta> masc. a victor.
ivgt /vi.g\t/ <vi.g\.t\> fem. 1. past, 2.

gone.
ivjog /vi.og/ <vi.o.g\> masc.

suffering from a separation from the
beloved one.
ivg/h /vi.gr\.h\/ <vi.gr\.h\> masc. a

battle.
iv}aan /vig.nan/ <vi.gna.n\> neut.

science.
iv34n /vi:.g\.\n/ <vi.gh\.\n\> neut.

deconstruction.
iv}aapk /vig.na.p\k/ <vi.gna.p\.k\> adj.

1. declaring, 2. advertising.
iv3atk /vi.ga.t\k/ <vi.gha.t\.k\> adj.

destructive.
iv4&b8a /vi.\mb.a/ <vi.\~.b\.a> fem.

1. misery, 2. grief, 3. difficulties.
iv#n /vig.n\/ <vi.ghn\> neut. obstacle.
iv6&bn /vi.am.b\n/ <vi.\~.b\.n\> neut.

mockery.
ivcx8 /vi.c\k.\/ <vi.c\.k\.\> adj.

1. intellegent, 2. shrewd.
194
ivtr8 /vit.r\/ <v> neut. distribution.
ivta6vu& /vi.ta.vu~/ <vi.ta.\.vu~> v.tr. to
harass.
ivday /vi.daj/ <vi.da.j\> fem. a
departure.
ivd\van /vid.van/ <vi.dva.n\> masc. 1. a

learned man, 2. a scholar.
iv0va /vid.va/ <vi.dh\.va> fem. a
widow.
ividt /vi.dit/ <v> adj. known.
iv0vaivvah /vid.va.vi.vah/
<vi.dh\.va.vi.va.h\> masc. a widows
re-marriage.
ivduqI /vi.du.i/ <vi.du.sii> fem. a

learned woman.
iv0ata /vi.da.ta/ <vi.dha.ta> fem. the

creator of the universe.
ivdUqk /vi.du.\k/ <vi.duu.s\.k\> masc.

a clown.
iv0a{aI /vi.dat.ri/ <vi.dha.trii> fem. the

goddess of destiny.
ivde= /vi.de/ <vi.de.\> masc. a foreign

country.
iv0an /vi.dan/ <vi.dha.n\> neut. a

statement.
ivde=I /vi.de.i/ <vi.de.ii> adj. foreign.
iv0ayk /vi.da.j\k/ <vi.dha.j\.k\> adj.

constructive.
ivd\yman /vid.j\.man/ <vi.dj\.ma.n\>

adj. 1. existing, 2. present.
ivi0 /vi.di/ <vi.dhi> fem. the god of

destiny.
ivd\ya /vid.ja/ <vi.dja> fem. knowledge.

ivi0 /vi.di/ <vi.dhi> fem. ritual.
ivd\yapI5 /vid.ja.pi/ <vi.dja.pii.h\>
fem. an educational institution.
ivd\ya9IR /vid.jar.ti/ <vi.dja.rthii> masc.
a male student.
ivd\ya9IRnI /vid.jar.ti.ni/ <vi.dja.rthii.nii>
fem. a female student.
ivd\yut /vid.jut/ <vi.dju.t\> fem. 1.
lightning, 2. electricity.
iv0ur /iv.dur/ <vi.dhu.r\> adj.

widower.
ivny /vi.n\j/ <vi.n\.j\> masc.
humbleness.
ivnv8I /vi.n\v.i/ <vi.n\.v\.i> fem. a
request.
ivn&tI /vi.n\n.ti/ <vi.n\~.tii> fem. a
request.
ivoh /vid.roh/ <vi.dro.h\> masc. a

mutiny.
ivna /vi.na/ <vi.na> postp. except.
ivd\vta /vid.v\.ta/ <vi.dv\.ta> fem.

knowledge.
ivna= /vi.na/ <vi.na.\> masc. 1.

destruction, 2. extinction.
195
ivna=I /vi.na.i/ <vi.na.ii> adj.

destructive.
ivinmy /vi.ni.maj/ <vi.ni.m\.j\> masc.
1. exchange, 2. barter.
ivi-Nn /vi.bin.n\/ <vi.bhi.nn\> adj. 1.

different, 2. separate.
iv-Uit /vi.bu.ti/ <vi.bhuu.ti> fem. a
superman.
ivml /vi.m\l/ <vi.m\.l\> adj. pure.
ivnod /vi.nod/ <vi.no.d\> masc. joy.

ivpi]a /vi:.p\t.ti/ <vi.p\.tti> fem. 1. a
calamity, 2. misery, 3. trouble.
ivman /vi.man/ <vi.ma.n\> neut. an

aircraft.
ivp9 /vi.p\t/ <vi.p\.th\> masc. wrong

path.
ivmanm9k /vi.man.m\.t\k/
<vi.ma.n\.m\.th\.k\> neut. an
airport.
ivprIt /vip.rit/ <vi.p\.rii.t\> adj.

opposite.
ivmu` /vi.muk/ <vi.mu.kh\> neut.

unfavorable.
ivpul /vi.pul/ <vi.pu.l\> adj. abundant.
ivyavu& /vi.ja.vu~/ <vi.ja.vu~> v.intr. (of

beasts) to give birth.
ivp/ /vip.r\/ <vi.pr\> masc. a Brahmin.

ivPlv /vip.l\v/ <vi.pl\.v\> masc. a
revolt.
iv-kt /vi.b\k.t\/ <vi.bh\.kt\> adj.
divided.
iv-ikt /vi.b\k.ti/ <vi.bh\.kti> fem. a
case.
iv-ag /vi.bag/ <vi.bha.g\> masc. a
section.
iv-ajk /vi.ba.\k/ <vi.bha.\.k\> adj.
dividing.
iv-ajn /vi.ba.\n/ <v> neut. division.
iv-ajy /vi.ba.j\/ <vi.bha.j\> adj.
divisible.
ivrmvu& /vi.r\m.vu~/ <vi.r\.m\.vu~> v.intr.

to stop.
ivrh /vi.r\h/ <vi.r\.h\> masc.
separation from dear ones.
ivragI /vi.ra.gi/ <vi.ra.gii> adj. a
hermit.
ivra4 /vi.ra/ <vi.ra.\> adj. 1. huge, 2.
magnificent.
ivram /vi.ram/ <vi.ra.m\> masc. 1. rest,
2. pause.
ivro0 /vi.rod/ <vi.ro.dh\> masc. 1. an
objection, 2. opposition.
ivro0a-as /v.ro.da.bas/
<vi.ro.dha.bha.s\> masc. mere
apparent opposition.
196
ivlx8 /vi.l\k.\/ <vi.l\.k\.\> adj.
peculiar.
ivly /vi.l\j/ <vi.l\.j\> masc.
dissolution.
ivlsvu& /vi.l\s.vu~/ <vi.l\.s\.vu~> v.intr. 1.
to shine, 2. to glitter.
ivlap /vi.lap/ <vi.la.p\> masc.
lamentation.
ivlayt /vi.la.j\t/ <vi.la.j\.t\> neut.
England.
ivlaytI /vi.la.j\.ti/ <vi.la.j\.tii> adj. 1.
made in England, 2. foreign.
ivveck /vi.ve.c\k/ <vi.ve.c\.k\> masc. a

critic.
ivvecn /vi.ve.c\n/ <vi.ve.c\.n\> neut.
criticism.
ivvecna /vi.ve.c\.na/ <vi.ve.c\.na> fem.
interpretation.
iv=d /vi.\d/ <vi.\.d\> adj. clear
(argument etc.)
iv=aX /vi.a/ <vi.a.\> adj. large.
ivi=Q4 /vi.i.t\/ <vi.i.s\> adj. peculiar.
iv=e /vi.e/ <vi.e> postp. about.
ivlavu& /vi.la.vu~/ <vi.la.vu~> v.intr. to

wither.
iv=eq /vi.e/ <vi.e.s\> adj. additional.
ivlas /vi.las/ <vi.la.s\> masc.

merriment.
iv=eqt /vi.e.t\h/ <vi.e.s\.t\:> advb.

especially.
ivvr8 /viv.r\/ <vi.v\.r\.\> neut. 1.

criticism, 2. commentary.
iv=eqta /vi.e.ta/ <vi.e.s\.ta> fem.

difference.
ivvad /vi.vad/ <vi.va.d\> masc. a

controversy.
iv[aam /vis.ram/ <vi.ra.m\> masc. rest.
ivvadaSpd /vi.va.da.sp\d/
<vi.va.da.sp\.d\> adj. controversial.
ivleq8 /vi.le.\/ <vi.le.\.\> neut.

analysis.
iv /vi.v\/ <vi.v\> neut. the universe.
ivvah /vi.vah/ <vi.va.h\> masc. 1.

betrothal, 2. marriage.
iviv0 /vi.vid/ <vi.vi.dh\> adj. various.
iviv0ta /vi.vid.ta/ <vi.vi.dh\.ta> fem.
variety.
ivvek /vi.vek/ <vi.ve.k\> masc.
politeness.
ivas /iv.vas/ <vi.va.s\> masc. 1.

trust, 2. confidence.
ivas3at /vi.vas.gat/
<vi.va.s\.gha.t\> masc. betrayal.
ivas3atI /vi.vas.ga.ti/
<vi.va.s\.gha.tii> adj. a betrayer
person.
197
ivq /vi/ <vi.s\> neut. poison.

ivq0r /vi.d\r/ <vi.s\.dh\.r\> masc. a
serpent.
ivSmy /vis.m\j/ <vi.sm\.j\> neut. 1. a

wonder, 2. a surprise, 3. an
astonishment.
ivqm /vi.\m/ <vi.s\.m\> adj. unequal.
ivSmr8 /vis.m\.r\/ <vi.sm\.r\.\>

neut. forgetting.
ivqy /vi.\j/ <vi.s\.j\> masc. 1. a

perceivable object, 2. subject
ivhrvu& /vi.h\r.vu~/ <vi.h\.r\.vu~> v.intr.

1. to stroll, 2. to walk for a pleasure.
ivqyaNtr /vi.a.jan.t\r/ <vi.s\.ja.nt\.r\>

neut. digression.
ivhar /vi.har/ <vi.ha.r\> masc. 1. a

stroll, 2. a leisurely walk.
ivqad /vi.ad/ <vi.sa.d\> masc. 1.

dejection, 2. grief.
ivhIn /vi.hin/ <vi.hii.n\> adj. devoid

of.
ivqe /vi.e/ <vi.se> postp. about.
ivh\vX /vih.v\/ <vi.h.v\.\> adj.

puzzled and upset.
ivsgR /vi.s\r.g\/ <vi.s\.rg\> masc. the

sign (:).
vI`rvu& /vi.k\r.vu~/ <vii.kh\.r\.vu~>

v.intr. to dispersed.
ivsjRn /vi.s\r.\n/ <vi.s\.r\.n\> neut.

dissolution.
vIgt /vi.g\t/ <vii.g\.t\> fem. details.
ivsamo /vi.sa.mo/ <vi.sa.mo> masc. a

halt for resting.
vI2Xvu& /vi.c\.vu~/ <vii.ch\.\.vu~> v.tr.

to cleanse (utensils etc.)
ivStrvu& /vis.t\r.vu~/ <vi.st\.r\.vu~> v.intr.

to spread out.
vIjXI /vi.i/ <vii.\.ii> fem. 1.

lightening, 2. electricity.
ivStar /vis.tar/ <vi.sta.r\> masc. 1. an

area, 2. extension.
vI8vu& /vi.vu~/ <vii.\.vu~> v.tr. 1. to

pick, 2. to pluck.
ivStarpUvRk /vis.tar.pur.v\k/
<vi.sta.r\.puu.rv\.k\> adj. 1. at
length, 2. in detail.
vI8a /vi.a/ <vii.a> fem. a lute.
ivStarvu& /vis.tar.vu~/ <vi.sta.r\.vu~> v.tr.

1. to extend, .2 to expand.
ivSfo4 /vis.po/ <vi.spho.\> masc.
explosive.
vInvvu& /vi.n\v.vu~/ <vii.n\.v\.vu~> v.tr.

1. to entreat, 2. to request.
vIfrvu& /vi.p\r.vu~/ <vii.ph\.r\.vu~>
v.intr. to become uncontrolled because
of anger.
vImo /vi.mo/ <vii.mo> masc. insurance.
198
vIr /vir/ <vii.r\> adj. brave.
ve5vu& /ve.vu~/ <ve.h\.vu~> v.tr. to

suffer.
vIrta /vir.ta/ <vii.r\.ta> fem. bravery.

vIyR /vir.j\/ <vii.rj\> neut. semen.
vI=I /vi.i/ <vii.ii> fem. an inn.
vI&2I /vi~.ci/ <vii~.chii> masc. a scorpian
(male).
vI&28 /vi~.c\/ <vii~.ch\.\> fem. a
scorpian (female).
vI&j8o /vi~.o/ <vii.\.o> masc. a fan.
vI&4vu& /vi~,vu~/ <v> v.tr. to wrap.vI&4I /vi~.i/
<vii~.ii> fem. an ornamental ring.
vI&4o /vi~.o/ <vii~.o> masc. a roll.
ve6fvu& /ve.\p.vu~/ <ve.\.ph\.vu~> v.tr.

to waste.
ve6vu& /ve.vu~/ <ve.\.vu~> v.tr. to pluck
fruits.
ve7o /ve.o/ <ve.ho> masc. one of the
cuts on a finger-joint.
ve8I /ve.i/ <ve.ii> fem. a braid of
hair.
vetn /ve.t\n/ <ve.t\.n\> neut. salary.
vetrvu& /ve.t\r.vu~/ <ve.t\.r\.vu~> v.tr. to
cut cloth for tailoring.
vetaX /ve.ta/ <ve.ta.\> masc. a ghost.
vI&0vu& /vi~d.vu~/ <vii~.dh\.vu~> v.tr. 1. to

bore, 2. to pierce, 3. to prick.
vedna /ved.na/ <ve.d\.na> fem. pain.
v<x /vruk.\/ <vru.k\> neut. a tree.
ve0k /ve.d\k/ <ve.dh\.k\> adj. 1.

piercing, 2. sharp.
v<)0 /vrud.d\/ <vru.dhdh\> adj. old.

v<i)0 /vrud.di/ <vru.dhdhi> fem.
growth.
v<q8 /vru.\/ <vru.s\.\> neut. a
testicle.
ve0vu& /ved.vu~/ <vve.dh\.vu~> v.tr. 1. to

bore, 2. to pierce.
ve0=aXa /ved.a.a/ <ve.dh\.a.a> fem.
an observatory.
veg /veg/ <ve.g\> masc. speed.
vepar /ve.par/ <ve.pa.r\> masc. 1. trade,

2. commerce, 3. business.
vegXu& /veg.u~/ <ve.g\.u~> adj. at a

distance.
veparI /ve.pa.ri/ <ve.pa.rii> masc. 1.

trader, 2. a businessman, 3. a shopkeeper.
vecvu& /vec.vu~/ <ve.c\.vu~> v.tr. to sell.
ver /vr/ <ve.r\> neut. hostality.
veca8 /ve.ca/ <ve.ca.\> neut. sale.
199
ver82er8 /ve.r\.ce.r\/
<ve.r\.\.che.r\.\> advb. scattered.
vE0Vy /v\i.d\v.j\/ <v\i.dh\.vj\> neut.

widowhood.
vervu& /ver.vu~/ <ve.r\.vu~> v.tr. to scatter.
vE=a` /v\i.ak/ <v\i.a.kh\> masc. the

seventh month of the Vikram year.
veragI /ve.ra.gi/ <ve.ra.gii> masc. an

ascetic.
veran /ve.ran/ <ve.ra.n\> adj. 1.
desolate, 2. uninhabitated.
vEQ8v /v\i.\v/ <v\i.s\.v\> masc. a

sect of Hinuism so named.
Vyikt /vj\k.ti/ <vj\.kti> fem. 1. an
individual, 2. a person.
vero /ve.ro/ <ve.ro> masc. 1. a tax, 2. a

toll.
Vyg/ /vjg.r\/ <vj\.gr\> adj. puzzled.
vel8 /ve.l\/ <ve.l\.\> neut. a rollingpin.
Vyg/ta /vj\.gr\.ta/ <vj\.gra.ta> fem.

uneasiness.
velo /ve.lo/ <ve.lo> masc. a creeper.
Vy9a /vj\.ta/ <vj\.tha> fem. pain.
vevla: /vev.lai/ <ve.v\.la.ii> fem. overwisdom.
Vyi-car /vj\.bi.car/ <vj\.bhi.ca.r\>

masc. immoral sexual relation.
veva: /ve.vai/ <ve.va.ii> masc. the

father-in-law of ones son or daughter.
Vyi-carI /vj\.bi.ca.ri/ <vj\.bhi.ca.rii>

adj. an immoral man.
veiv=aX /ve.vi.a/ <ve.vi.a.\> neut.

betrothal.
Vyi-carI8I /vj\.bi.ca.ri.i/
<vj\.bhi.ca.rii.ii> adj. an immoral
woman.
ve= /ve/ <ve.\> masc. 1. dress, 2.

costume.
Vy9R /vj\r.t\/ <vj\.rth\> adj. useless.
ve+ya /ve.ja/ <ve.ja> fem. prostitute.

vEkiLpk /v\i.k\l.pik/ <v\i.k\.lpi.k\> adj.
optional.
vE}aaink /v\ig.na.nik/ <v\i.gna.ni.k\>
masc. a scientist.
vE}aaink /v\ig.na.nik/ <v\i.gna.ni.k\>
adj. scientific.
vEd /v\id/ <v\i.d\> masc. a doctor.
Vyvsay /vj\v.saj/ <vj\.v\.sa.j\> masc.

activity.
VyvS9a /vj\.v\s.ta/ <vj\.v\.stha> fem.
1. a proper arrengement, 2, a proper
management.
Vyvhar /vj\v.har/ <vj\.v\.ha.r\> masc.
a social interaction.
200
Vyvharku=X /vj\v.har.ku.\/
<v\.v\.ha.r\.ku.\.\> adj. 1.
practical, 2. good at social interaction.
Vyvharu /vj\v.ha.ru/ <vj\.v\.ha.ru> adj.
feasible.
Vysn /vj\.s\n/ <vj\.s\.n\> neut. a bad
habit.
VySt /vj\s.t\/ <vj\.st\> adj. dispersed.
Vy&g /vj\.g\/ <vj\~.g\> masc. satirical.
Vy&jn /vj\.\n/ <vj\~.\.n\> masc. a
consonant.
Vyakr8 /vjak.r\/ <vja.k\.r\.\> neut.
grammar.
Vya~ya /vja.kja/ <vja.khja> fem.
definition.
Vya~yata /vjak.ja.ta/<vja.khja.ta> masc.
a lecturer.
Vya~yan /vjak.jan/ <vja.khja.n\> neut. a
lecture.
Vyayam /vja.jam/ <vja.ja.m\> masc.

exercise.
VyuTpi]a /vjut.p\t.ti/ <vju.tp\.tti> fem.
etymology.
v/t /vr\t/ <vr\.t\> neut. a moral or
religous vow.
=
=k /\k/ <\.k\> masc. 1. doubt, 2.
suspicion.
=kdar /\k.dar/ <\.k\.da.r\> adj.
suspected (person).
=km&d /\k.m\nd/ <\.k\.m\~.d\> adj.
suspicious.
=kro /\k.ro/ <\.k\.ro> masc. 1. a
hawk, 2. a falcon.
=kvu& /\k.vu~/ <\.k\.ro> v.intr. 1. to be
able, 2. to be possible.
=kkiryu& /\\k.k\.ri.ju~/ <\.kk\.ri.ju~>
neut. a sweet potato.
Vyaj /vja/ <vja.\> neut. interest (on

money).
=kkl /\k.k\l/ <\.kk\.l\> fem. face.
Vyai0 /vja.di/ <vja.dhi> masc. 1. a

disease, 2. a sickness.
=ikt /\k.ti/ <\.kti> fem. 1. strength, 2.

force.
Vyap /vjap/ <vja.p\> masc. spreed.
=iktpUjk /\k.ti.pu.\k/
<\.kti.puu.\.k\> adj and masc. a
worshipper of the goddess.
Vyapk /vja.p\k/ <vja.p\.k\> adj.

widespread.
Vyapar /vja.par/ <vja.pa.r\> masc.
business.
=iktpUja /\k.ti.pu.a/ <\.kti/puu.a>

fem. worship of the goddess.
=ky /\k.j\/ <\.kj\> adj. possible.
201
=rdI /\r.di/ <\.r\.dii> fem. cold.
=kyta /\k.j\.ta/ <\.kj.ta> fem.
possibility.
=8 /\/ <\.\> neut. a plat of jute.
=8gar /\.gar/ <\.\.ga.r\> masc.
beauty-aids.
=taBdI /\.tab.di/ <\.ta.bdii> fem. 1. a
century, 2. a centenary.
=rbt /\r.b\t/ <\.r\.b\.t\> neut. cold

drink.
=rm /\.r\m/ <\.r\.m\> fem. 1.
modesty, .2 shame.
=rmavu& /\r.ma.vu~/ <\.r\.ma.vu~> v.intr.
1. to blush, 2. to crestfallen.
=rmaX /\r.ma/ <\.r\.ma.\> adj. shy.
={au /\t.ru/ <\.tru> masc. an enemy.

=p9 /\.p\t/ <\.p\.th\> masc. 1. oath,
2. vow.
=b /\b/ <\.b\> neut. a corpse.
=Bd /\b.d\/ <\.bd\> masc. a word.
=Bdkoq /\b.da.ko/ <\.bd\.ko.s\>
masc. a dictionary.
=mvu& /\m.vu~/ <\.m\.vu~> v.intr. to be
pacified.
=ytan /\j.tan/ <\.j\.ta.n\> masc.
Satan.
=raf /\.rap/ <\.ra.ph\> masc. a

banker.
=rafI /\.ra.pi/ <\.ra.phii> adj.
related to banking.
=rab /\.rab/ <\.ra.b\> masc. 1. wine,
2. liquor.
=rabI /\.ra.bi/ <\.ra.bii> adj. and
masc. a drunkard.
=rIf /\.rip/ <\.ri.ph\> adj.
respectable.
=rIr /\.rir/ <\.rii.r\> neut. the body.
=r8 /\.r\/ <\.r\.\> neut. shelter.

=r8agit /\r.a.g\.ti/ <\.r\.a.g\.ti>
fem. 1. submission, 2. surrender.
=rIrrcna /\.rir.r\c.na/
<\.rii.r\.r\.c\.na> fem. anatomy.
=r8a9IR /\r.ar.ti/ <\.r\.a.rthii> adj.

and masc. a refugee.
=rIrs&b&0 /\.rir.s\m.ban.d\/
<\.rii.r\.s\~.b\~.dh\> masc. sexual
relation.
=r8a: /\r.ai/ <\.r\.a.ii> fem. a

musical instrument.
=Aat /\.ru.at/ <\.ruu.a.t\> fem. a

beginning.
=rt /\.r\t/ <\.r\.t\> fem. 1. a bet, 2. a

condition.
=S{a /\.tr\/ <\.str\> neut. a weapon.
202
=S{aik/ya /\.tr\.kri.ja/ <\.str\.kri.ja>
fem. 1. surgery, 2. surgical operation.
=ayr /a.j\r/ <a.j\.r\> masc. a poet.
=hId /\.hid/ <\.hii.d\> adj. and masc.

martyr.
=arvu& /ar.vu~/ <a.r\.vu~> v.tr. to make a

hole.
=hIdI /\.hi.di/ <\.hii.dii> fem.

martyrdom.
=arIirk /a.ri.rik/ <a.rii.ri.k\> adj.

bodily.
=hen=ah /\.hen.ah/ <\.he.n\.a.h\>

masc. an emperor.
=al /al/ <a.l\> fem. a shawl.

=ask /a.\k/ <a.s\.k\> masc. a ruler.
=her /\.her/ <\.he.r\> neut. a city.

=&ka /\.ka/ <\~.ka> fem. 1. suspicion,
2. doubt.
=asn /a.s\n/ <a.s\.n\> neut.

governance.
=aS{a /as.tr\/ <a.tr\> neut. a scripture.
=&ka=Il /\.ka.il/ <\~.ka.i.l\> adj. 1.

doubting, 2. suspicious.
=&kaSpd /\.ka.sp\d/ <\~.ka.sp\.d\>
adj. 1. doubtful, 2. uncertain.
=aS{aa9R /as.tra.rt\/ <a.stra.rth\> masc.

interpretation of scriptures.
=&` /\k/ <\~.kh\> masc. a conch.
=ahm<g /ah.mrug/ <a.h\.mru.g\> neut.

an ostrich.
=ak /ak/ <a.k\> neut. edible

vegetable.
=ahukar /a.hu.kar/ <a.hu.ka.r\> masc.

an honest person.
=akaharI /a.ka.ha.ri/ <a.ka.ha.rii> adj.

vegetarian.
=ahu6I /a.hu.i/ <a.hu.ii> fem. a

porcupine.
=a` /ak/ <a.kh\> fem. 1. credit, 2.

reputation.
=aXa /a.la/ <a.a> fem. a school.
=aà /a.ka/ <a.kha> fem. a branch.
=a&t /a~nt/ <a~.t\> adj. .1quite, 2.

peaceful.
=a8u& /a.u~/ <ha.u~> adj. wise.
i=kar /i.kar/ <i.ka.r\> masc. hunting.
=ap /ap/ <a.p\> masc. a curse.
i=karI /i.ka.ri/ <i.ka.rii> masc. a

hunter.
=aba= /a.ba/ <a.ba.\> excl. 1. bravo,

2. well-done.
=aiBdk /ab.dik/ <a.bdi.k\> adj. verbal.
i=xk /ik.\k/ <i.k\.k\> masc. a male

teacher.
203
i=x8 /ik.\/ <i.k\.\> neut. 1.
education, 2. teaching.
i=xa /ik.a/ <i.ka> fem. 1. teaching, 2.
education, 3. punishment.
i=ixka /ik.i.ka/ <i.ki.ka> fem. a
female teacher.
i=Lp /il.p\/ <i.lp\> neut. a sculpture.

i=Lp=aS{a /il.p\.as.tr\/ <i.lp\.a.str\>
neut. architecture.
i=Lp=aS{aI /il.p\.as.tri/ <i.lp\.a.strii>
masc. an architect.
i=LpI /il.pi/ <i.lpii> masc. a sculptor.
i=ixt /k.it/ <i.ki.t\> adj. educated.

i=`r /i.k\r/ <i.kh\.r\> neut. a peak.
i=vra{aI /iv.rat.ri/ <i.v\.ra.trii> fem.

the night of Lord Shivas festival.
i=`&6 /i.k\/ <i.kh\.r\> masc. a

kind of sweet.
i=i=r /i.ir/ <i.i.r\> fem. the later half

of winter.
i=à /i.ka/ <i.kha> fem. 1. a tuft, 2. a

pigtail, 3. a crest, 3. a flame of a lamp.
i==u /i.u/ <i.u> neut. 1. a child, 2. an

infant.
i=àw /i.ka.u/ <i.kha.r\> adj.

learning.
i=n /i.n\/<i.n\> masc. the penis.
i=àm8 /i.ka.m\/ <i.kha.m\.\>

fem. instruction.
i=Q4acar /i.ta.car/ <i.sa.ca.r\> masc.

politeness.
i=i9l /i.til/ <i.thi.l\> adj. loose.
i=Qy /i.j\/ <i.sj\> masc. 1. a male

student, 2. a male disciple.
i=ibr /i.bir/ <i.bi.r\> masc. 1. a tent,

2. a camp.
i=Qya /i.ja/ <i.sja> fem. 1. a female

student, 2. a female disciple.
i=yaX /i.ja/ <i.ja.\> neut. a fox.
i=St /is.t\/ <i.st\> fem. discipline.
i=yaXu& /i.ja.u~/ <i.ja.u~> adj. grown or

produced in winter.
i=&g /ig/ <i~.g\> fem. a pod.
i=yaXo /i.ja.o/ <i.ja.o> masc. winter.
i=&g6u& /ig.u~/ <i~.g\.u~> neut. a horn.

=I` /ik/ <ii.kh\> fem. advice.
i=r /ir/ <i.r\> neut. the head.

i=ra /i.ra/ <i.ra> fem. a bllod-vessel.
i=la /i.la/ <i.la> fem. a slab of stone.
=I` /ik/ <ii.kh\> masc. a community

so named.
=I`vu& /ik.vu~/ <ii.kh\.vu~> v.tr. to
learn.
204
=ItXa /it.a/ <ii.t\.a> fem. smallpox.

(honorific)
=Iro /i.ro/ masc. <ii.ro> a kind of
sweet.
=<&gar /ru.gar/ <ru~.ga.r\> masc. 1.

decoration, 2. ornamentation.
=ekvu& /ek.vu~/ <e.k\.vu~> v.tr. 1. to
bake, 2. to roast.
=e5 /e/ <e.h\> masc. a master.
=I=I /i.i/ fem. <ii.ii> a small bottle.

=I=o /i.o/ masc. <ii.o> a big bottle.
=e5a8I /e.a.i/ <e.ha.ii> fem. a

mistress.
=IXva /i.va/ <ii.\.va> masc. pl. a kind

of skin disease.
=etr&@ /et.r\n.i/ <e.t\.r\~.ii> fem. a

carpet.
=ukn /u.k\n/ <u.k\.n\> masc. hon. an

omen.
=er6I /er.i/ <e.r\.ii> fem. sugarcane.
=uk/var /uk.r\.var/ <u.kr\.va.r\> masc.

Friday.
=erI /e.ri/ <e.rii> fem. 1. a lane, 2. a

street.
=u)0 /ud.d\/ <u.dhdh\> adj. 1.

clean, 2. pure.
=ero /e.ro/ <e.ro> masc. a remark.
=ui)0 /ud.di/ <u.dhdhi> fem.

purification.
=u- /ub/ <u.bh\> adj. auspicious.
=u-eC2k /u.bec.c\k/ <u.bhe.cch\.k\>
adj. a well-wisher.
=u-eC2a /u.bec.ca/ <u.bhe.ccha> fem.
a well-wishing.
=UNy /un.j\/ <uu.nj\> neut. 1. zero, 2.
nothingness.
=UrvIr /ur.vir/ <uu.r\.vii.r\> masc. a
brave person.
=UX /u/ <uu.\> fem. dry thorn.
=eq /e/ <e.s\> adj. residual.

=Eil /\i.li/ <\i.li> fem. style.
=E=v /\i.\v/ <\i.\.v\> neut.
childhood.
=ok /ok/ <o.k\> masc. melancholy.
=o` /ok/ <o.kh\> masc. a hobby.
=o0 /od/ <o.dh\> fem. . search, 2.
inquiry.
=o-vu& /ob.vu~/ <ho.bh\.vu~> v.intr. to
look beautiful.
=o-a /o.ba/ <o.bha> fem. 1. beauty,
2. charm.
+yam /jam/ <ja.m\> adj. black.
205
+yam /jam/ <ja.m\> masc. The Lord

Krishna.
[a)0a /r\d.da/ <r\.dhdha> fem. 1.
trust, 2. faith, .3 belief.
[a)0aXu& /r\d.da.u~/ <r\.dhdha.u~> adj.
devotional.
q6\d=Rn /\.d\r.\n/ <s\. [.d\.r\.n\>

neut. pl. the six different systems of
Vedic philosophy.
qiQ4 /\.i/ <s\.si> adj. sixty.
[av8 /r\.v\/ <r\.v\.\> neut. an act

of hearing.
s: /s\i/ <s\.ii> masc. a tailor
[aav8 /ra.v\/ <ra.v\.\> masc. the

tenth month of a Vikram year.
skmRk /s\.k\r.m\k/ <s\.k\.rm\.k\> adj.

a transitive verb.
[aI /ri/ <rii> masc. an auspicious word

used in the beginning of a writing.
skX /s\.k\/ <s\.k\.\> adj. fortunate.
[aeiQ5 /re.i/ <re.shi> masc. a great

merchant.
[aota /ro.ta/ <ro.ta> adj. 1. a hearer, 2.
a listener.
lok /lo.ka/ <lo.k\> masc. a stanza.
van /va.na/ <va.n\> masc. a dog.
sk&jo /s\.k\.o/ <s\.k\~.o> masc. 1. a

gripping machine, 2. a grip.
sik/y/s\k.ri.j\/ <s\.kri.j\> adj. active.
s`8u& /s\k.u~/ <s\.kh\.u~> adj. 1.
quiet, 2. tranquil.
s`X6`X /s\.k\.\.k\/
<s\.kh\.\.\.kh\.\> adj. loose.
vas /va.s\/ <va.s\> masc. breathing.

vet /ve.ta/ <ve.t\> adj. white.
sàvt /s\.ka.v\t/ <s\.kha.v\.t\> fem.

donation.
sÌ /s\.ki/ <s\.khi> fem. a female
friend.
sèd /s\.ked/ <s\.khe.d\> advb. sadly.
q4\kmR /\.k\r.m\/ <s\..k\.rm\> masc.

pl. the six duties of Brahmins.
s~t /s\k.t\/ <s\.kht\> adj. hard.
q4\ko8 /\.ko/ <s\.t.ko.\> masc.

hexagonal.
s~ta: /s\k.ta.i/ <s\.khta.ii> fem.

hardness.
q4\pd /\.p\d/ <s\.t.p\.d\> adj. six

footed.
206
sg6 /s\.g\/ <s\.g\.\> masc. 1. footprints etc. 2. traces.
sjvu& /s\.vu~/ <s\.\.vu~> v.tr. to put on

clothes, ornaments.
sgp8 /s\g.p\/ <s\.g\.\> neut.

relation.
sja /s\.a/ <s\.a> fem. punishment.
sg-aR /s\.g\r.ba/ <s\.g\.rbha> fem.

pregnant.
sgv6 /s\g.v\/ <s\.g\.v\.\> fem. 1.
provision, 2. comfort.
sjatIy /s\.a.ti.j\/ <s\.a.tii.j\> adj. of

the same sex.
sjav4 /s\.a.v\/ <s\.a.v\.\> fem.
decoration.
s@v /s\.iv/ <s\.ii.v\> adj. animate.
sgIr /s\.gir/ <s\.gii.r\> adj. minor

(age)
sgu8 /s\.gu/ adj. <s\.gu.\> 1.
attributes, 2. qualities.
s@vn /s\.i.v\n/ <s\.ii.v\.n\> adj.

living.
sjj /s\.\/ <s\.\> adj. equipped.
sgu&vhalu& /s\.gu~.v\.ha.lu~/
<s\.gu~.v\.ha.lu~> neut. relative.
sjjn /s\.\n/ <s\.\.n\> masc. a

gentleman.
sgu&s&b&0I /s\.gu.s\m.b\n.di/
<s\.gu~.s\~.b\~.dhii> neut. relatives etc.
s4Ik /s\.ik/ <s\.ii.k\> adj. with

commentary.
sgo{a /s\.got.r\/ <s\.go.tr\> adj.

having a common ancestor.
s4oi6yo /s\.o.i.jo/ <s\.o.i.jo> masc.

a speculator.
s3n /s\.g\n/ <s\.gh\.n\> adj. 1.

dense, 2. solid.
s4os4 /s\.o.s\/ <s\.o.s\.\> advb.

repeatedly.
s3Xu& /s\g.u~/ <s\.gh\.u~> adj. entire.
s4\4o /s\.o/ <s\.o> masc. a risky

transaction in forward market.
sic{a /s\.cit.r\/ <s\.ci.tr\> adj.

illustrated.
sco4 /s\.co/ <s\.co.\> adj. unfailing.
sCca: /s\c.cai/ <s\.cca.ii> fem. honesty.
sjnI /s\.ni/ <s\.\.nii> fem. a female
friend.
s6k /s\.\k/ <s\.\.k\> adj.

wonderstruck.
s6k /s\.\k/ <s\.\.k\> fem. a wellbuilt road.
s6vu& /s\.vu~/ <s\.\.vu~> v.intr. to rot.
s6s5 /s\.s\/ <s\.\.s\.h\> adj.
sixty seven.
207
s6s6a4 /s\.s\.a/ <s\.\.s\.a.\>

advb. non-stop.
s]aavIs /s\t.ta.vis/ <s\.tta.vi.s\> adj.

twenty seven.
s]v /s\t.v\/ <s\.tv\> neut. essence.
s6o /s\.o/ <s\.o> masc. 1. rot, .2

moral degeneration.
s7 /s\/ <s\.h\> masc. a ships sail.
sTpuruq /s\t.pu.ru/ <s> masc. a virtuous

man.
sTy /s\t.j\/ <s\.tj\> neut. truth.
s8ko /s\.ko/ <s\.\.ko> masc. a

shooting pain.
stt /s\.t\t/ <s\.t\.t\> advb. non-stop.
stam8I /s\.ta.m\.i/ <s\.ta.m\.ii>
fem. 1. harassment, 2. teasing.
stej /s\.te/ <s\.te.\> adj. shining
brightly.
sTkmR /s\t.k\r.m\/ <s\.tk\.rm\> neut. a
benevolent work.
sTkar /s\t.kar/ <s\.tka.r\> masc. 1.
welcome, 2. reception.
sTkarvu& /s\t.kar.vu~/ <s\.ta.r\.vu~> v.tr.
to welcome.
sTy /s\t.j\/ <s\.tj\> adj. true.

sTyvadI /s\.tj\va.di/ <s\.tj\.va.dii> adj.
truthful.
sTyag/h /s\.tja.gr\h/ <s\.tja.gr\.h\>
masc. insistence on truth or
righteousness.
sTyana= /s\.tja.na/ <s\.tja.na.\> neut.
annihilation.
sTs&g /s\t.s\g/ <s\.ts\~.g\> masc.
company of saints.
sd&tr /s\.d\n.t\r/ <s\.d\~.t\.r\> advb.
absolutely.
sda /s\.da/ <s\.da> advb. always.
s]ar /s\t.t\r/ <s\.tt\.r\> adj. seventeen.

s]aa /s\t.ta/ <s\.tta> fem. 1. authority,
2. power.
s]aavar /s\t.ta.var/ <s\.tta.va.r\> adj. 1.
officially, 2. authentic.
s]aa8u& /s\t.ta.u~/ <s\.tta.u~> adj. ninety
seven.
sdakaX /s\.da.ka/ <s\.da.ka.\> advb.

forever.
sdacr8 /s\.da.c\.r\/ <s\.da.c\.r\.\>
neut. moral conduct.
sdacar /s\.da.car/ <s\.da.ca.r\> masc. a
moral conduct.
sdI /s\.di/ <s\.dii> fem. a century.
s]aavn /s\t.ta.v\n/ <s\.tta.v\.n\> adj.

fifty seven.
sd\gt /s\d.g\t/ <s\d.g\.t\> adj. having

attained salvation.
208
sd\git /s\d.g\.ti/ <s\d.g\.ti> fem.

salvation.
sd\gu8 /s\d.gu/ <s\d.gu.\> masc. a
virtue.
sd\g<hS9 /s\d.gru.h\s.t\/
<s\d.gru.h\.sth\> masc. a gentleman.
sd\bui)0 /s\d.bud.di/ <s\d.bu.dhdhi>
fem. constructive understanding.
sd\-agI /s\d.ba.gi/ <s\d.bha.gii> adj.
fortunate.
sd\-aGy /s\d.ba.gj\/ <s\d.bha.gj\>
neut. good fortunate.
sd\-av /s\d.bav/ <s\d.bha.v\> masc.
constructive sentiment.
sNmagR /s\n.marg/ <s\.nma.rg\> masc.

a moral path.
siNm{a /s\n.mit.r\/ <s\.nmi.tr\> masc.
a virtuous friend.
sp6avvu& /s\p.av.vu~/ <s\.p\.a.v\.vu~>
v.tr. to entrap.
spnu& /s\p.nu~/ <s\.p\.nu~> neut. a
dream.
sprmu& /s\.p\r.mu~/ <s\.p\.r\.mu~> adj.
auspicious.
spa4 /s\.pa/ <s\.pa.\> adj. flat.
spa4ab&0 /s\.pa.a.b\nd/
<s\.pa.a.b\~.dh\> advb. 1. at once, 2.
promptly.
spa4I /s\.pa.i/ <s\.pa.ii> fem. surface.
sd\v<i]a /s\d.vrut.ti/ <s\d.vru.tti> fem.

constructive intention.
s)0r /s\d.d\r/ <s\.dhdh\.r\> adj.
wealthy.
snm /s\.n\m/ <s\.n\.m\> fem. a
sweetheart.
snsna4I /s\n.s\.na.i/ <s\.n\.s\.na.ii>
fem. 1. a widespread feeling of dismay,
2. a thrill.
spUcu& /s\.pu.cu~./ <s\.puu.cu~> adj.

entire.
spUt /s\.put/ <s\.puu.t\> masc. a
virtuous son.
sPtko8 /s\p.t\.k/ <s\.pt\.ko.\>
masc. a heptagon.
sPtah /s\p.tah/ <s\.pta.h\> neut. a
week.
snatn /s\.na.t\n/ <s\.na.t\.n\> adj.

eternal.
sp/ma8 /s\.pr\.ma/ <s\.pr\.ma.\>

adj. with proof.
snepat /s\.ne.pat/ <s\.ne.pa.t\> masc.

delirious fever.
sp/ma8 /s\.pr\.ma/ <s\.pr\.ma.\>

advb. proportion.
sNman /s\n.man/ <s\.nma.n\> neut. 1.

reception, 2. honor.
sp/em /s\.prem/ <s\.pre.m\> advb.

lovingly.
209
s_y /s\b.j\/ <s\.bhj\> adj. polite.
sfr /s\.p\r/ <s\.ph\.r\> fem. 1. a
travel, 2. a journey.
sm /s\m/ <s\.m\> masc. an oath.
sfrjn /s\.p\r.\n/ <s\.ph\.r\.\.n\>

neut. an apple.
smx /s\.m\k.\/ <s\.m\.k\> advb. in

the presence of.
sfX /s\.p\/ <s\.ph\.\> adj. 1.

fruitful, 2. successful.
smg/ /s\.m\g.r\/ <s\.m\.gr\> adj. 1.

whole, 2. entire.
sfa: /s\.pa.i/ <s\.pha.ii> fem.

cleanliness.
smcors /s\m.co.r\s/ <s\.m\.co.r\.s\>

masc. a square.
sfac4 /s\.pa.c\/ <s\.pha.c\.\> advb.

totally used up.
smj /s\.m\/ <s\.m\.\> fem.

understanding.
sfaXu& /s\.pa.u~/ <s\.pha.u~> adj.

stunned.
smj8 /s\.m\.\/ <s\.m\.\.\> fem.

understanding.
sfed /s\.ped/ <s\.phe.d\> adj. white.
smj8u& /s\.m\.u~/ <s\.m\.\.u~> adj.

wide.
sbk /s\.b\k/ <s\.b\.k\> masc. a moral.

sb6ko /s\.b\.ko/ <s\.b\.\.ko> masc.
a sound made when eating a liquid food
with hand.
smjvu& /s\.m\.vu~/ <s\.m\.\.vu~> v.intr.

1. to understand, 2. to comprehend.
smju /s\m.u/ <s\.m\.u> adj. wise.
sb6vu& /s\.b\.vu~/ <s\.b\.\.vu~> v.intr.

to suffer for a long time.
smjUtI /s\m.u.ti/ <s\.m\.u.tii> fem. 1.

understanding, 2. compromise.
sbX /s\.b\/ <s\.b\.\> adj. strong.
smtl /s\m.t\l/ <s\.m\.t\.l\> neut. an

even surface.
s-r /s\.b\r/ <s\.bh\.r\> adj. plenty.

s-a /s\.ba/ <s\.bha> fem. a meeting.
s-asd /s\.pa.sad/ <s\.bha.s\.d\>
masc. a member (of an association or
organization).
s_y /s\b.j\/ <s\.bhj\> masc. a
member (of an association or
organization).
smtula /s\m.tu.la/ <s\.m\.tu.la> fem.

balance.
smtol /s\m.tol/ <s\.m\.to.l\> adj. of
equal weight.
smd=IR /s\m.d\r.i/ <s\.m\.d\.rii> adj.
impartial.
210
smiQ4 /s\m.dr\.i/ <s\.m\.dr\.si>
adj. impartial.
smSya /s\.m\s.ja/ <s\.m\.sja> fem. 1. a

riddle, 2. a puzzle.
sm-av /s\m.bav/ <s\.m\.bha.v\>

masc. impartiality.
smagm /s\.ma.g\m/ <s\.ma.g\.m\>

masc. 1. an act of meeting, 2. union.
smy /s\.m\j/ <s\.m\.j\> masc. time.
smacar /s\.ma.car/ <s\.ma.ca.r\> masc.

news.
smysUck /s\.m\j.su.c\k/
<s\.m\.j\.suu.c\.k\> adj. sharpminded.
smysUckta /s\.m\j.su.c\k.ta/
<s\.m\.j\.suu.c\.k\.ta> fem. presence
of mind.
smrvu& /s\.m\r.vu~/ <s\.m\.r\.vu~> v.tr.
to remember someone or something with
devotion.
smp /s\m.rup/ <s\.m\.ruu.p\> adj.
1. of the same form, 2. similar.
sm9R /s\.m\r.t\/ <s\.m\.rth\> adj.
powerful.
smpR8 /s\.m\r.p\/ <s\.m\.rp\.\>
neut. 1. an offering, 2. a surrendering, 3.
dedication.
smpRvu& /s\.m\r.p\.vu~/ <s\.m\.rp\.vu~>
v.tr. to offer, 2. to dedicate, .3 to
surrender.
smvySk /s\m.v\.j\s.k\/
<s\.m\.v\.j\.sk\> adj. of the same
age.
sm=er /s\m.er/ <s\.m\.e.r\> fem. a
sword.
smSt /s\/m\s.t\/ <s\.m\.st\> adj. 1.
entire, 2. whole.
smacarp{a /s\.ma.car.p\t.r\/
<s\.ma.ca.r\.p\.tr\> neut. a
newspaper.
smaj /s\.ma/ <s\.ma.\> masc. 1.
society, 2. an association.
smajvad /s\.ma.vad/ <s\.ma.\.va.d\>
masc. socialism.
smaj=aS{a /s\.ma.a.tr\/
<s\.ma.\.a.tr\> neut. sociology.
smaj=aS{aI /s\/ma.a.tri/
<s\.ma.\.a.trii> masc. a sociologist.
sma0an /s\/ma/dan/ <s\.ma.dha.n\>
neut. 1. compromise, 2 settlement.
smai0 /s\.ma.di/ <s\.ma.dhi> fem. 1.
deep meditation, 2. a death of an ascetic,
3. a shrine, etc. constructed over the
spot where an ascetics corpse is buried.
sman /s\.man/ <s\.ma.n\> adj. 1.
similar, 2. equal.
smanta /s\.man.ta/ <s\.ma.n\.ta> fem.
1. similarity, 2. equality.
smapn /s\.ma.p\n/ <s\.ma.p\.n\> neut.
an act of completion.
211
smaPt /s\.map.t\/ <s\.ma.pt\> adj. 1.
completed, 2. finished.
smu /s\.mud.r\/ <s\.mu.dr\> masc. an

ocean.
smarvu& /s\.mar.vu~/ <s\.ma.r\.vu~> v.tr.

to repair.
sm<)0 /s\m.rud.d\/ <s\.mr.dhdh\>

adj. prosperious.
smar&- /s\.ma.r\m.b\/ <s\.ma.r\~.bh\>

masc. a grand celebration.
sm<i)0 /s\m.rud.di/ <s\.mr.dhdhi>

fem. prosperity.
smave= /s\.ma.ve/ <s\.ma.ve.\> masc.

1. accomodation, 2. inclusion.
sme4vu& /s\.me.vu~/ <s\.me.\.vu~> v.tr.

to wind up.
smas /s\.mas/ <s\.ma.s\> masc. a

compound.
smov6u& /s\.mo.v\.u~/ <s\.mo.v\.u~>

adj. equal.
sma&tr /s\.ma~n.t\r/ <s\.ma~.t\.r\> adj.

parallel.
srk8u& /s\.r\k.u~/ <s\.r\.k\.u~> adj.

slippery.
simit /s\.mi.ti/ <s\.mi.ti> fem. a

committee.
srkvu& /s\.r\k.vu~/ <s\.r\.k\.vu~> v.intr.

1. to slip, 2. to slide.
smIkr8 /s\.mi.k\.r\/ <s\.mii.k\.r\.\>

neut. equation.
srkar /s\r.kar/ <s\.r\.ka.r\> fem.

government.
smIxa /s\.mik.a/ <s\.mi.ka> fem.

criticism.
srkarI /s\r.ka.ri/ <s\.r\.ka.rii> adj.

governmental.
smIp /s\.mip/ <s\.mii.p\> adj. 1. near,

2. close.
srko /s\r.ko/ <s\.r\.ko> masc. vinegar.
smIpta /s\.mip.ta/ <s\.mii.p\.ta> fem.

1. nearness, 2. proximity.
smIsa&j /s\.mi.sa~/ <s\.mii.sa~.\> fem.
the dusk.
smUict /s\.mu.cit/ <s\.muu.ci.t\> adj.
proper.
smuCcy /s\.muc.c\.j\/ <s\.muu.cc\.j\>
masc. a collection.
smUday /s\.mu.daj/ <s\.muu.da.j\>
masc. a group.
sràm8I /s\r.kam.i/
<s\.r\.kha.m\.ii> fem. comparision.
sràvvu& /s\r.kav.vu~/ <s\.r\.kha.v\.vu~>
v.tr. to compare.
srù& /s\r.ku~/ <s\.r\.khu~> adj. equal.
srgvo /s\r.g\.vo/ <s\.r\.g\.vo> masc.
a tree or its fruit like stick that can be
used as vegetable.
sr3s /s\r.g\s/ <s\.r\.gh\.s\> neut. a
procession.
212
srdar /s\r.dar/ <s\.r\.da.r\> masc. 1.

leader, 2. chief.
srhd /s\r.h\d/ <s\.r\.h\.d\> fem. 1.

frontier, 2. border.
srdarI /s\r.da.ri/ <s\.r\.da.rii> fem.

leadership.
srX /s\.r\/ <s\.r\.\> adj. easy.
srnamu& /s\r.na.mu~/ <s\.r\.na.mu~> neut.

address.
srXta /s\.r\.ta/ <s\.r\.\.ta> fem.

simplicity.
srp&c /s\r.p\c/ <s\.r\.p\~.c\> masc.

the president of a village assembly.
sravvu& /s\.rav.vu~/ <s\.ra.v\.vu~> v.tr. to

offer food and other things om the death
anniversary of a relative.
srpav /s\r.pav/ <s\.r\.pa.v\> masc. 1.

a gift, 2. an award.
srera= /s\.re.ra/ <s\.re.ra.\> fem.

average.
sr-r /s\r.b\r/ <s\.r\.bh\.r\> adj. 1.

neither more nor less, 2. equal.
srera= /s\.re.ra/ <s\.re.ra.\> advb. on

an average.
sr-ra /s\r.b\.ra/ <s\.r\.bh\.ra> fem.

hospitality.
sroj /s\.ro/ <s\.ro.\> neut. lotus.
srmu`TyarI /s\r.muk.tja.ri/
<s\.r\.mu.kh\.tja.rii> fem.
dictactorship.
srmu`Tyar=ahI /s\r.muk.tjar.a.hi/
<s\.r\.mu.kh\.tja.r\.a.hii> fem.
dictatorship.
srvaXo /s\r.va.o/ <s\.r\.va.o> masc.
1. addition, 2. total.
srvEyu& /s\r.v\i.ju~/ <s\.r\.v\i.ju~> neut. a
balance-sheet.
sri=yu& /s\.r\.i.ju~/ <s\.r\.i.ju~> neut.
rapeseed oil.
sroijnI /s\.ro.i.ni/ <s\.ro.i.nii> fem.

lotus plant.
srovr /s\.ro.v\r/ <s\.ro.v\.r\> neut.
lake.
sjRk /s\r.\k/ <s\.r\.k\> masc. creator.
sjRn /s\r.\n/ <s\.r\.n\> neut.
creation.
sjRnaTmk /s\r.\.nat.m\k/
<s\.r\.na.tm\.k\> adj. creative.
sjRvu& /s\r.vu~/ <s\.r\.vu~> v.tr. to
create.
svR /s\r.v\/ <s\.rv\> adj. all.
srs /s\.r\s/ <s\.r\.s\> adj. good.

srsaman /s\r.sa.man/ <s\.r\.sa.ma.n\>
masc. household things.
AvRkalIn /s\r.v\.ka.lin/
<s\.rva.ka.lii.n\> adj. eternal.
213
svRg/ahI /s\r.v\.gra.hi/ <s\.rva,gra.hii>
adj. comprehensive.
slamt /s\.la.m\t/ <s\.la.m\.t\> adj.

free from fear.
svR}a /s\r.v\g.n\/ <s\.rva.gn\> adj.

omniscient.
slamtI /s\.la.m\.ti/ <s\.la.m\.tii> fem,

safety.
svR{a /s\r.v\t.r\/ <s\.rva.tr\> advb.

everywhere.
slah /s\.lah/ <s\.la.h\> fem. advice.
svRna= /s\r.v\.na/ <s\.rv\.na.\> masc.

total destruction.
svRnam /s\r.v\.nam/ <s\.rv\.na.m\>
neut. pronoun.
svR-xI /s\r.v\.bk.i/ <s\.rv\.bh\.kii>
adj. omnivorous.
svRmaNy /s\r.v\.man.j\/ <s\.rv\.ma.nj\>
adj. accepted by all.
svRVyapk /s\r.v\.vja.p\k/
<s\.rv\.vja.p\.k\> adj. omnipresent.
slahkar /s\.lah.kar/ <s\.la.h\.ka.r\>

adj. advisor.
sv8R /s\.v\r.\/ <s\.v\.r\> adj.
higher caste people.
svlt /s\v.l\t/ <s\.v\.l\.t\> fem.
convenience.
svXu& /\s\v.u~/ <s\.v\.u~> adj.
clockwise.
sva /s\.va/ <s\.va> adj. one and a
quarter.
svayu& /s\.va.ju~/<s\.va.ju~> adj. superior.
svR=iktman /s\r.v\.\k.ti.man/
<s\.rv\.\.kti.ma.n\> adj.
omnipotent.
svaRnumt /s\r.va.nu.m\t/
<s\.rva.nu.m\.t\> adj. unnimous.
svaRnumit /s\r.va.nu.m\.ti/
<s\.rva.nu.m\.ti> fem. unanimity.
svoRCc /s\r.vo.cc\/ <s\.rvo.cj\> adj.
highest.
sla4 /s\.la/ <s\.la.\> masc. stonemason.
slam /s\.lam/ <s\.la.m\> fem.
salutation.
svar /s\.var/ <s\.va.r\> fem. morning.

svarI /s\.va.ri/ <s\.va.rii> fem. a
passenger.
sval /s\.val/ <s\.va.l\> masc. 1.
question, 2. inquiry.
sivny /s\.vi.n\j/ <s\.vi.n\.j\> adj. 1.
courteous, 2. modest.
siv=eq /s\.vi.e/ <s\.vi.e.s\> adj.
peculiar.
sivStr /s\.vis.t\r/ <s\.vi.st\.r\> adj. 1.
detailed, 2. extensive.
214
sveXa /s\.ve.a/ <s\.ve.a> advb. in
time.
shyog /s\h.jog/ <s\.h\.jo.g\> masc. cooperation.
s=kt /s\.\k.t\/ <s\.\.kt\> adj.

strong.
shi=x8 /s\h.ik.\/ <s\.h\.i.k\.\>

neut. co-education.
ssro /s\s.ro/ <s\.s\.ro> masc. fatherin-law.
shsa /s\h.sa/ <s\.h\.sa> advb.

suddenly.
sslu& /s\s.lu~/ <s\.s\.lu~> neut. 1. rabbit,

2. hare.
shanu-av /s\.ha.nu.bav/
<s\.ha.nu.bha.v\> masc. sympathy.
sStu& /s\s.tu~/ <s\.stu~> adj. cheap.
shanu-Uit /s\.ha.nu.bu.ti/
<s\.ha.nu.bhuu.ti> fem. sympathy.
sSneh /s\.sneh/ <s\.sne.h\> adj. with

love.
sh /s\h/ <s\.h\> advb. with.
shkar /s\h.kar/ <s\.h\.ka.r\> masc. cooperation.
shkarI /s\h.ka.ri/ <s\.h\.ka.rii> adj.
co-operative.
shj /s\.h\/ <s\.h\.\> adj. 1. innate,
2. natural.
shjan&d /s\h.a.n\nd/ <s\.h\.a.n\~.d\>
masc. bliss natural to the soul.
shn /s\.h\n/ <s\.h\.n\> neut.
suffering.
sh-agI /s\h.ba.gi/ <s\.h\.bha.gii> adj.
partner.
shmt /s\h.m\t/ <s\.h\.m\.t\> adj.
agreeing with.
shmit /s\h.m\.ti/ <s\.h\.m\.ti> fem.
agreement.
shay /s\.haj/ <s\.ha.j\> fem. help.

sihyr /s\.hi.j\r/ <s\.hi.j\.r\> fem.
female friend (of a female)
sihyaru& /s\.hi.ja.ru~/ <s\.hi.ja.ru~> adj.
jointly owned.
sihQ8u /s\.hi.u/ <s\.hi.su> adj.
tolerant.
sihQ8uta /s\.hi.u.ta/ <s\.hi.su.ta>
fem. tolerance.
shI /s\.hi/ <s\.hii> fem. signature.
shej /s\.he/ <s\.he.\> adj. a little.
shetuk /s\.he.tuk/ <s\.he.t\.k\> adj.
intentional.
shel /s\.hel/ <s\.he.l\> fem. a pleasuretrip.
shelu& /s\.he.lu~/ <s\.he.lu~> adj. easy.
shodr /s\.ho.d\r/ <s\.ho.d\.r\> adj.
brother (born of the same mother).
215
s /s\h.j\/ <s\.hj\> adj. endurable.
s&kul /s\.kul/ <s\~.ku.l\> adj. complex.
sX /s\/ <s\.\> fem. wrinkle (on bed

shit etc.)
s&ket /s\.ket/ <s\~.ke.t\> masc. 1. sign,

2. gesture.
sXgvu& /s\.\g.vu~/ <s\.\.g\.vu~> v.intr.

to burn.
s&kelvu& /s\.kel.vu~/ <s\~.ke.l\.vu~> v.intr.

to wind up.
sXvXvu& /s\.v\.vu~/ <s\.\.v\.\.vu~>

v.intr. to move slowly.
s&koc /s\.koc/ <s\~.ko.c\> masc.

contraction.
sX&g /s\.\g/ <s\.\~.g\> adj.

unbroken.
s&kocvu& /s\.koc.vu~/ <s\~.ko.c\.vu~>

v.intr. to contract.
siXyo /s\.i.jo/ <s\.i.jo> masc. rod or

bar (of metal).
s&korvu& /s\.kor.vu~/ <s\.ko.r\.vu~> v.tr.

to ignite.
sXI /s\.i/ <s\.ii> fem. a thin round

stick.
s&ixPt /s\.kip.t\/ <s\~.ki.pt\> adj.

abridged.
sXe`m /s\.e.k\m/ <s\.e.kh\.m\> fem.

cold.
s&~ya /s\.kja/ <s\~.khja> fem. 1.

number, 2. figure.
s&k4 /s\.k\/ <s\~.k\.\> neut. misery.
s&~yab&0 /s\.kja.b\nd/
<s\~.khja.b\~.dh\> adj. numerous.
s&k6am8 /s\k.a.m\/
<s\~.k\.a.m\.\> fem. crowdedness.
s&g /s\g/ <s\~.g\> masc. association.
s&kln /s\.k\.l\n/ <s\~.k\.l\.n\> neut.

collection.
s&g5n /s\.g\.\n/ <s\~.g\.h\.n\> neut.

1. association, 2. organization.
s&kLp /s\.k\l.p\/ <s\~.k\.lp\> masc.

determination.
s&gm /s\.g\m/ <s\~.g\.m\> masc.

meeting.
s&kLp=ikt /s\.k\l.p\.\k.ti/
<s\~.k\.lp\.\.kti> fem. will-power.
s&ga9 /s\.gat/ <s\~.ga.th\> masc.

company (in travel).
s&kXavu& /s\k.a.vu~/ <s\~.k\.a.vu~> v.intr.

to be associated with.
s&gIt /s\.git/ <s\~.gii.t\> neut. music.
s&kuict /s\.ku.cit/ <s\~.ku.ci.t\> adj.

narrow (minded).
s&gIn /s\.gin/ <s\~.gii.n\> adj. 1. solid,

2. durable.
216
s&gemrmr /s\.ge.m\r.m\r/
<s\~.ge.m\.r\.m\.r\> masc. marble.
s&}aavack /s\.gna.va.c\k/
<s\.gna.va.c\.k\> adj. proper noun.
s&g/h /s\.gr\h/ <s\~.gr\.h\> masc. 1.

collection, 2. hoard.
s&6as /s\.as/ <s\~.a.s\> neut. latrine.
s&g/hòr /s\.gr\h.kor/
<s\~.gr\.h\.kho.r\> adj. hoarder.
s&6ovvu& /s\.ov.vu~/ <s\~.o,v\.vu~> v.tr.

1. to involve, 2. to implicate.
s&t /s\nt/ <s\~.t\> masc. saint.
s&g/hòrI /s\.gr\h.ko.ri/
<s\~.gr\.h\.kho.rii> fem. hoarding.
s&g/hvu& /s\.gr\h.vu~/ <s\~.gr\.h\.vu~>
v.tr. to collect.
s&tva8I /s\nt.va.i/ <s\~.t\.va.i> fem.

teaching of saints.
s&tru /s\nt.ru~/ <s\~.t\.ru> neut. orange.
s&g/hS9an /s\.gr\h.stan/
<s\~.gr\.h\.stha.n\> neut. museum.
s&takUk6I /s\n.ta.kuk.i/ <s\~.ta.ku.k\.ii>

fem. a game of hide and seek.
s&3 /s\.g\/ <s\~.gh\> masc. 1. group of

pilgrims, 2. association, 3. union.
s&ta6vu& /s\n.ta.vu~/ <s\~.ta.\.vu~> v.tr.

to hide.
s&3rvu& /s\.g\r.vu~/ <s\~.gh\.r\.vu~> v.tr.

1. to collect, 2. to hoard.
s&tan /s\n.tan/ <s\~.ta.n\> neut.

offspring.
s&3qR /s\m.g\r/ <s\~.gh\.rs\> masc. 1.

clash, 2. conflict.
s&tap /s\n.tap/ <s\~.ta.p\> masc. 1.

distress, 3. misery.
s&calk /s\.ca.l\k/ <s\~.ca.l\.k\> masc.

manager (male).
s&tavu& /s\n.ta.vu~/ <s\~.ta.vu~> v.intr. to

hide (oneself).
s&cailka /s\.ca.li.ka/ <s\~.ca.li.ka> fem.

manager (female).
s&tuln /s\n.tu.l\n/ <s\~.tu.l\.n\> neut.

balance.
s&caln /s\.ca.l\n/ <s\~.ca.l\.n\> neut.

management.
s&toq /s\n.to/ <s\~.to.s\> masc.

satisfaction.
s&co /s\.co/ <s\~.co> masc. machine.
s&toqkark /s\n.to.ka.r\k/
<s\~.to.s\.ka.r\.k\> adj. satisfactory.
s&jog /s\.og/ <s\~.o.g\> masc.

meeting.
s&}aa /s\.gna/ <s\~.gna> fem. sign.
s&toqI /s\n.to.i/ <s\~.to.sii> adj. having

happy disposition.
s&d-R /s\n.d\rb/ <s\~.d\.rbh\> masc. 1.
context, 2. reference.
217
s&idG0 /s\n.dig.d\/ <s\~.di.gdh\> adj.

doubtful.
s&de= /s\n.de/ <s\~.de.\> masc.
message.
s&de=vahk /s\n.de.va.h\k/
<s\~.de.\.va.h\.k\> adj. 1. messenger,
2. courier.
s&deh /s\n.deh/ <s\~.de.h\> masc. 1.
doubt, 2. suspicion.
s&pkR /s\m.p\rk/ <s\~.p\.rk\> masc.

contact.
s&padk /s\m.pa.d\k/ <s\~.pa.d\.k\>
masc. editor.
s&padkIy /s\m.pa.d\.ki.j\/
<s\~.pa.d\.kii.j\> adj. editorial.
s&padn /s\m.pa.d\n/ <s\~.pa.d\.n\>
neut. 1. editing, .2 acquiring.
s&pU8R /s\m.pur.\/ <s\~.puu.r\> adj.
1. entire, 2. whole.
s&i0 /s\n.di/ <s\~.dhi> fem. 1. a joint, 2.

conjunction, 3. treaty, 4. euphonic
coalition of sounds (in grammar).
s&p/day /s\m.pr\.daj/ <s\~.pr\.da.j\>

masc. 1. a religious sect, 2. a cult.
s&i0kaX /s\n.di.ka/ <s\~.dhi.ka.\>

masc. period of transition.
s&b&0 /s\m.b\n.d\/ <s\~.b\~.dh\> masc.

relation.
s&)ya /s\n.dja/ <s\~.dhja> fem. 1.

evening, 2. evening prayer.
s&b&0I /s\m.b\n.di/ <s\~.b\~.dhii> adj. 1.

related, 2. relative.
s&inpat /s\n.ni.pat/ <s\~.ni.pa.t\> masc.

delirium.
s&bo0vu& /s\m.bod.vu~/ <s\~.bo.dh\.vu~>

v.tr. to address.
s&inQ5 /s\n.ni/ <s\~.ni.sh\> adj. 1.

honest, 2. devoted.
s&-v /s\m.b\v/ <s\~.bh\.v\> masc.

likelihood.
s&inQ5a /s\n.ni.a/ <s\~.ni.sha> fem. 1.

honesty, 2. devotion.
s&-Xavvu& /s\mb.av.vu~/
<s\~.bh\.a.v\.vu~> v.tr. 1. to make
someone hear, 2. to speak in insulting
manner.
s&Nyas /s\m.njas/ <s\~.nja.s\> masc.

asceticism.
s&NyasI /s\m.ja.si/ <s\~.nja.sii> masc.
hermit.
s&-arvu& /s\m.bar.vu~/ <s\~.bha.r\.vu~>

v.tr. 1. to remember, 2. to recollect.
s&p /s\mp/ <s\~.p\> masc. unity.
s&-avna /s\m.bav.na/ <s\~.bha.v\.na>

fem. probability.
s&pi]a /s\m.p\.tti/ <s\~.p\.tti> fem.

wealth.
s&-aX /s\m.ba/ <s\~.bha.\> fem. care.
218
s&-og /s\m.bog/ <s\~.bho.g\> masc.
sexual intercourse.
s&vad /s\m.vad/ <s\~.va.d\> masc.

conversation.
s&mt /s\m.m\t/ <s\~.m\.t\> adj. agreed.
s&vaidta /s\m.va.di.ta/ <s\~.va.di.ta> fem.

harmony.
s&mit /s\m.m\.ti/ <s\~.m\.ti> fem. 1.

approval, 2. agreement.
s&meln /s\m.me.l\n/ <s\~.me.l\.n\> neut.
gathering.
s&vadI /s\m.va.di/ <s\~.va.dii> adj.

harmonious.
s&vedn /s\m.ve.d\n/ <s\~.ve.d\.n\> neut.
sensation.
s&ym /s\i~.j\m/ <s\~.j\.m\> masc. 1.

restraint, 2. control.
s&=y /s\m.\j/ <s\~.\.j\> masc.

suspicion.
s&yukt /s\m.juk.t\/ <s\~.ju.kt\> adj. 1.

joined, 2. united.
s&=o0k /s\m.o.d\k/ <s\~.o.dh\.k\>

adj. researcher.
s&yog /s\m.jog/ <s\~.jo.g\> masc. 1.

union, 2. meeting.
s&=o0n /s\m.o.d\n/ <s\~.o.dh\.n\>

neut. 1. research, 2. purification.
s&yojk /s\m.jo.\k/ <s\~.jo.\.k\> adj.

uniting.
s&=oi0t /s\m.o.dit/ <s\~.o.dhi.t\> adj.

1. purified, 2. searched out.
s&yojk /s\m.jo.\k/ <s\~.jo.\.k\> masc.

organizer.
s&sgR /s\m.s\rg/ <s\~.s\.rg\> masc. 1.

contact, 2. association.
s&yojn /s\m.jo.\n/ <s\~.jo.\.n\> neut.

the act of joining.
s&sar /s\m.sar/ <s\~.sa.r\> masc. 1. the

universe, 2. the world.
s&rxk /s\m.r\k.\k/ <s\~.r\.k\.k\> adj.

protector.
s&sarI /s\m.sa.ri/ <s\~.sa.rii> adj.

worldly.
s&rx8 /s\m.r\k.\/ <s\~.r\.k\.\>

neut. protection.
s&Skar /s\m.skar/ <s\~.ska.r\> masc.

purification.
s&vt /s\m.v\t/ <s\~.v\.t\> masc. the

Vikram era that begun in 56 B.C.
s&SkarIta /s\m.sa.ri.ta/ <s\~.ska.rii.ta>

fem. civility.
s&vTsrI /s\m.v\t.s\.ri/ <s\~.v\.ts\.rii>

fem. death anniversary.
s&Sk<t /s\m.skut/ <s\~.skr.t\> fem.

Sanskrit language.
s&vnn /s\m.v\.n\n/ <s\~.v\.n\.n\> neut.

1. wooing, 2. courting.
s&Sk<it /s\m.skru.ti/ <s\~.skr.ti> fem.

civilization.
219
s&S9a /s\.ta/ <s\~.stha> fem. institution.
s&S9apk /s\m.sta.p\k/ <s\~.stha.p\.k\>
adj. founder.
s&har /s\m.har/ <s\~.ha.r\> masc.
destruction.
sakr /sa.k\r/ <sa.k\.r\> fem. suger.
saxr /sak.\r/ <sa.k\.r\> adj. 1.
literate, 2. learned.
saxat\ /sak.at/ <sa.ka.t> advb. in
physical presence.
sa6{aIs /sa.\t.ris/ <sa.\.trii.s\> adj.

thirty-seven.
sa6lo /sa.lo/ <sa.\.lo> masc. sari.
sa6I /sa.i/ <sa.ii> fem. sari.
sa6asatI /sa.a.sa.ti/ <sa.a.sa.tii> fem.
malicious influence of Saturn that
remains over a period of seven years.
sa7u /sa.u/ <sa.hu> masc. husband
of wifes sister.
sa8sI /sa.si/ <sa.\.sii> fem. pair of
pincers.
saxaTkar /sak.at.kar/ <sa.ka.tka.r\>

masc. 1. devine realization, 2. spiritual
perception.
sat /sat/ <sa.t\> adj. seven.
saxI /sak.i/ <sa.kii> fem. testimony.
satTy /sa.t\t.j\/ <sa.t\.tj\> neut.

continuity.
saxI /sak.i/ <sa.kii> masc. eyewitness.
satm /sa.t\m/ <sa.t\.m\> fem. seventh

day of a lunar fortnight.
sag /sag/ <sa.g\> masc. 1. teak-tree, 2.

teak-wood.
satmu& /sat.mu~/ <sa.t\.mu~> adj. seventh.

sa9 /sat/ <sa.th\> masc. company.
sagr /sa.g\r/ <sa.g\.r\> masc. ocean.

sa9X /sa.t\/ <sa.th\.\> fem. thigh.
sacvvu& /sa.c\v.vu~/ <sa.c\.v\.vu~> v.tr. .
to take care of, 2. to preserve.
sacu& /sa.cu~/ <sa.cu~> adj. 1. true, 2.
right.
saju& /sa.u~/ <sa.u~> adj. healthy.
sa4u& /sa.u~/ <sa.u~> neut. bargain.
sa4e /sa.e/ <sa.e> postp. in exchange.
sai9yo /sa.ti.jo/ <sa.hi.jo> masc.

auspicious figure of Swastik.
sa9I /sa.ti/ <sa.kii> masc. companion.
sa9Idar /sa.ti.dar/ <sa.thii.da.r\> masc.
companion.
sad /sad/ <sa.d\> masc. 1. voice, 2.
shout.
220
sadgI /sad.gi/ <sa.d\.gii> fem.
simplicity.
sadr /sa.d\r/ <sa.d\.r\> advb.
respectfully.
sada: /sa.da.i/ <sa.da.ii> fem.
simplicity.
sadu& /sa.du~/ <sa.du~> adj. 1. simple, .2
plain.
sap /sap/ <sa.p\> masc. a male serpent.

sap8 /sa.p\/ <sa.p\.\> fem. a female
serpent.
sapex /sa.pek.\/ <sa.pe.k\> adj.
relative.
sapoilyu& /sa.po.li.ju~/ <sa.po.li.ju~> neut.
young serpent.
sa0k /sa.d\k/ <sa.dh\.k\> masc.

spiritual discipline.
saPtaihk /sap.ta.hik/ <sa.pta.hi.k\> adj.

weekly.
sa0n /sa.d\n/ <sa.dh\.n\> neut. 1.

tool, .2 instrument.
saf /sap/ <sa.ph\> adj. clean.
sa0ns&pNn /sa.d\n.sam.p\n.n\/
<sa.dh\.n\.s\~.p\.nn\> adj. possessing
sufficient resources.
sa0na /sad.na/ <sa.dh\.na> fem.
spiritual practice.
sa0vu& /sad.vu~/ <sa.dh\.vu~> v.tr. to
undergo a spiritual practice.
safsUf /sap.sup/ <sa.ph\.suu.ph\>

adj. cleaning.
safo /sa.po/ <sa.pho> masc. a kind of
turban.
sabdu& /sab.du~/ <sa.b\.du~> adj. alert.
sabr /sa.b\r/ <sa.b\.r\> neut. stag.
saibtI /sa.bi.ti/ <sa.bi.tii> fem. proof.
sa0ar8 /sa.da.r\/ <sa.dha.r\.\> adj.

1. ordinary, 2. common.
sa0u /sa.du/ <sa.dhu> adj. good.
sa0u /sa.du/ <sa.dhu> masc. 1. ascetic,
2. hermit.
sa)vI /sad.vi/ <sa.dhvii> fem. 1. a
female ascetic, 2. a female hermit.
san /san/ <sa.n\> fem. . sign, 2. sense.
sanukUX /sa.nu.ku/ <sa.nu.kuu.\> adj.
favorable.
sabu /sa.bu/ <sa.bu> masc. soap.

sa-ar /sa.bar/ <sa.bha.r\> adj.
thankful.
sa-ar /sa.bar/ <sa.bha.r\> advb.
gratefully.
samg/I /sa.m\g.ri/ <sa.m\.grii> fem.
materials.
sam4u& /sam.u~/ <sa.m\.u~> adj.
collected.
221
samno /sam.no/ <sa.m\.no> masc.
resistance.
sarvar /sar.var/ <sa.r\.va.r\> fem. 1.

nursing, 2. attendance.
samiyk /sa.m\.jik/ <sa.m\.ji.k\> neut.

periodical.
sars /sa.r\s/ <sa.ra.s\> neut. crane.
sam(yR /sa.m\r.tj\/ <sa.m\.rthj\> neut.

capability.
sama@k /sa.ma.ik/ <sa.ma.ii.k\> adj.
social.
saman /sa.man/ <sa.ma.n\> masc.
luggage.
sar&gI /sa.r\.gi/ <sa.r\~.gii> fem.

stringed musical instument.
sarasarI /sa.ra.sa.ri/ <sa.ra.sa.rii> fem.
cordial relations.
sara&= /sa.ra~m/ <sa.ra~.\> masc. 1.
essence, 2. gist.
saru& /sa.ru~/ <sa.ru~> adj. good.
samaNy /sa.ma.nj\/ <sa.ma.nj\> adj.

general.
samaNyt /sa.ma.nj\.t\h/ <sa.ma.nj\.t\:>
advb. usually.
samudaiyk /sa.mu.da.jik/ <sa.mu.da.ji.k\>
adj. collective.
samUihk /sa.mu.hik/ <sa.muu.hi.k\> adj.
collective.
same /sa.me/ <sa.me> postp. in front of.
samEyu& /sa.m\i.ju~/ <sa.m\i.ju~> neut.
procession going to receive a dignitary.
saMy /sam.j\/ <sa.mj\> neut. similitude.
sam/ajy /sam.ra.j\/ <sa.mra,j\> neut.
empire.
sayujy /sa.ju.j\/ <sa.ju.j\> neut.
merging together.
sar /sar/ <sa.r\> masc. 1. essence, 2.
gist, 3. summary.
sa9Rk /sar.t\k/ <sa.rth\.k\> adj.

successful.
savRjink /sar.v\.\.nik/ <sa.rv\.\.ni.k\>
adj. public.
savRi{ak /sar.v\.trik/ <sa.rv\.tri.k\> adj.
ubiquitous.
savR-Om /sar.v\.b\um/
<sa.rv\.bh\u.m\> adj. sovereign.
sal /sal/ <sa.l\> neut. year.
sal-r /sal.b\r/ <sa.l\.bh\.r\> advb.
through out the year.
salvu& /sal.vu~/ <sa.l\.vu~> v.intr. to feel a
pricking pain.
salosal /sa.lo.sal/ <sa.lo.sa.l\> advb.
every year.
saLlo /sal.lo/ <sa.llo> masc. sari.
sav /sav/ <sa.v\> advb. completely.
222
savku& /sav.ku~/ <sa.v\.ku~> adj. of a
step-relation.
saheba /sa.he.ba/ <sa.he.ba> fem.

respectable woman.
savcet /sav.cet/ <sa.v\.ce.t\> adj.

cautious.
sahebI /sa.he.bi/ <sa.he.bii> fem.

prosperity.
savcetI /sav.ce.ti/ <sa.v\.ce.tii> fem.

caution.
sahelI /sa.he.li/ <sa.he.lii> fem. a

female friend.
savj /sa.v\/ <sa.v\.\> masc. lion.
saXavelI /sa.a.ve.li/ <sa.a.ve.lii> fem.

wife of wifes brother.
savr8I /sa.v\r.i/ <sa.v\.r\.ii> fem. a

small broom.
saXI /sa.i/ <sa.ii> fem. wifes sister.
savr8o /sa.v\r.o/ <sa.v\.r\.o> masc.

a big broom.
saXo /sa.o/ <sa.o> masc. wifes

brother.
sasiryu& /sa.s\r.(i)ju~/ <sa.s\.ri.ju~> adj. a

relative of father-in-law.
sa&k6u& /sa~k.u~/ <sa~.k\.u~> adj. narrow.
sasrI /sas.ri/ <sa.s\.rii> fem. home or

family of father-in-law.
sasu /sa.su/ <sa.su> fem. mother-in-law.
sahijk /sah.ik/ <sa.h\.i.k\> adj. 1.
natural, 2. instinctive.
sa&kX /sa~.k\/ <sa~.k\.\> fem. chain.

sa&kXvu& /sa~.k\.vu~/ <sa~.k\.\.vu~> v.tr. to
link to gether.
sa&kXI /sa~k.i/ <sa~.k\.ii> fem. necklace.
sa&kXu& /sa~k.u~/ <sa~.k\.u~> neut. anklet.
sahs /sa.h\s/ <sa.h\.s\> neut. 1.

adventure, 2. enterprise.
sa&`vu& /sa~k.vu~/ <sa~.kh\.vu~> v.tr. to

endure.
sahisk /sah.sik/ <sa.h\.si.k\> adj.

adventurous.
sa&j /sa~/ <sa~.\> fem. evening.
saihTy /sa.hit.j\/ <sa.hi.tj\> neut.

literature.
saihiTyk /sa.hit.jik/ <sa.hi.tji.k\> adj.
literary.
saheb /sa.heb/ <sa.he.b\> masc. 1.
master, 2. boss, 3. reputed person.
sa&5o /sa~.o/ <sa~.ho> masc. stalk of

sugar cane.
sa&0vu& /sa~d.vu~/ <sa~.dh\.vu~> v.tr. 1. to
sew, 2. to join, 3. to solder.
sa&0o /sa~.do/ <sa~.dho> masc. joint.
sa&p/t /sa~m.pr\t/ <sa~.pr\.t\> adj.
contemporary.
223
sa&p/daiyk /sa~p.r\.da.jik/ <sa~.pr\.da.ji.k\>

adj. sectarian.
sa&belu& /sa~.be.lu~/ <sa~.be.lu~> neut. a
wooden pestle.
isfars /si.pa.r\s/ <si.pha.r\.s\> fem.

recommendation.
islk /si.l\k/ <si.l\.k\> fem. amount
remaining after expenditure.
sa&-Xvu& /sa~.b\.vu~/ <sa~.bh.\.vu~> v.tr.

1. to hear, 2. to listen.
islislab&0 /sil.si.la.b\nd/
<si.l\.si.la.b\~.dh\> adj. in orderly
manner.
sa&sairk /sa~.sa.rik/ <sa~.sa.ri.k\> adj.

mundane.
isla: /si.la.i/ <si.la.ii> fem. sewing.
sa&Skairk /sa~ns.ka.rik/ <sa~.sa.ka.ri.k>

adj. pertaining to culture.
sa&Sk<itk /sa~s.kru.tik/ <sa~.skr.ti.k\> adj.
cultural.
iskko /sik.ko/ <si.kko> masc. 1. seal, 2.
stamp, 3. coin.
istm /si.t\m/ <si.t\.m\> masc. tyranny.
istar /si.tar/ <si.ta.r\> fem. a musical
instrument.
istaro /si.ta.ro/ <si.ta.ro> masc. star.
is]aer /sit.ter/ <si.tte.r\> adj. seventy.
isTyoter /sit.jo.t\r/ <si.tjo.te.r\> adj.
seventy seven.
isTya=I /sit.ja.i/ <si.tja.ii> adj. eighty
seven.
is)0aNt /sid.dan.t\/ <si.dhdha.nt\>
masc. 1. principle, 2. doctrine, 3.
theorem.
ispa: /si.pai/ <si.pa.ii> masc. soldier.
isv6am8 /siv.a.m\/ <si.v\.a.m\.\>

fem. wages for sewing.
isskarvu& /sis.kar.vu~/ <si.s\.ka.r\.vu~>
v.intr. to hiss.
isskaro /sis.ka.ro/ <si.s\.ka.ro> masc.
hissing sound.
isso4I /si.so.i/ <si.so.ii> fem. whistle.
is&cvu& /sic.vu~/ <si~.c\.vu~> v.tr. 1. to
sprinkle, 2. to water (plant and etc.).
is&dUr /sin.dur/ <si~.du.r\> neut.
vermilion.
is&0v /sin.d\v/ <si~.dh\.v\> neut. rocksalt.
is&0I /sin.di/ <si~.dhii> fem. a
community so named.
is&0I /sin.di/ <si~.dhii> fem. Sindhi
language.
is&h /simh/ <si~.h\> masc. lion.
is&h8 /sim.h\/ <si~.h\.\> fem. lioness.
224
is&hasn /sim.ha.s\n/ <si~.ha.s\.n\> neut.
throne.
sIzvvu& /si.\v.vu~/ <sii.h\.v\.vu~> v.tr.
to cook by moderate heat.
sIzvu& /si.vu~/ <sii.h\.vu~> v.intr. to be
cooked by moderate heat.
sI4I /si.i/ <sii.ii> fem. a whistle.
sI6I /si.i/ <sii.ii> fem. 1. ladder, 2.
staircase.
su` /suk/ <su.kh\> neut. happiness.

su`6 /su.k\/ <su.kh\.\> neut.
sandalwood.
su`6I /su.k.i/ <su.kh\.ii> fem. a
kind of sweet.
suÌ /su.ki/ <su.khii> adj. 1. happy, 2.
well-to-do.
sugm /su.g\m/ <su.g\.m\> adj. easy.
sI0u& /si.du~/ <sii.dhu~> adj. straight.
sug&0 /su:.g\nd/ <su.g\~.dh\> fem.

fragrance.
sIm /sim/ <sii.m\> fem. land on the

border of a village.
su36 /su.g\/ <suu.gh\.\> adj. neat

and clean.
sIm&t /si.m\nt/ <sii.m\~.t\> neut. a ritual

performed at the time of the first
pregnancy of a woman.
su6taXIs /su.ta.lis/ <su.\.ta.ii.s\>

adj. forty seven.
sIma /si.ma/ <sii.ma> fem. 1. border, 2.

boundary.
sIimt /si.mit/ <sii.mi.t\> adj. limited.
sIv8 /si.v\/ <sii.v\.\> neut. sewing.
sIvvu& /siv.vu~/ <sii.v\.vu~> v.tr. 1. to
sew, 2. to stitch.
sI&ca: /si.cai/ <sii~.ca.ii> fem.
irrigation.
su6oX /su.o/ <su.o.\> adj.

handsome.
sutraw /sut.ra.u/ <su.t\.ra.u~> adj. made
of cotton yarn.
sud /sud/ <su.d\> fem. bright half of a
lunar month.
su0rvu& /su.d\r.vu~/ <su.dh\.r\.vu~>
v.intr. t o improve.
su0ra: /sud.ra.i/ <su.dh\.ra.ii> fem.
municipality.
sukan /su.kan/ <su.ka.n\> neut. helm.

su0a /su.da/ <su.dha> fem. nectar.
sukanI /su.ka.ni/ <su.ka.nii> masc.
helmsman.
sukavu& /su.ka.vu~/ <su.ka.vu~> v.intr. to
become dry.
su0arvu/& su.dar.vu~/ <su.dha.r\.vu~> v.tr.

to improve.
225
su0aro /su.da.ro/ <su.dha.ro> masc.
improvement.
sulehnamu& /su.leh.na.mu~/
<su.le.h\.na.mu~> neut. peace treaty.
su0I /su.di/ <su.dhii> postp. 1. up to, 2

until.
suvaky /su.vak.j\/ <su.va.kj\> neut. a

maxim.
sunav8I /su.na.v\.i/ <su.na.v\.ii>

fem. hearing of a case in a court.
suvav6 /su.va.v\/ <su.va.v\.\> fem.

childbirth.
supa{a /su.pat.r\/ <su.pa.tr\> adj.

deserving.
suvas /su.vas/ <su.va.s\> fem.

fragrance.
sup/is)0 /su.pr\.sid.d\/
<su.pr\.si.dhdh\> adj. 1. renowned,
2. well-known.
suiv~yat /su.vik.jat/ <su.vi.khja.t\> adj.

well-known.
subo0 /su.bod/ <su.bo.dh\> adj. easy

to understand.
sumn /su.m\n/ <su,m\.n\> neut.
flower.
surixt /su.r\k.it/ <su.r\.ki.t\> adj.
safe.
surIlu& /su.ri.lu~/ <su.rii.lu~> adj. 1. welltuned, 2. melodious.
suruic /su.ru.ci/ <su.ru.ci> adj. refined
taste.
sure` /su.rek/ <su.re.kh\> adj.
proportionate.
sul- /su.l\b/ <su.l\.bh\> adj. easily
available.
sule`n /su.le.k\n/ <su.le.kh\.n\> neut.
good handwriting.
suleh /su.leh/ <su.le.h\> fem. peace.
suividt /su.vi.dit/ <su.vi.di.t\> adj.

well-known.
suiv0a /su.vi.da/ <su.vi.dha> fem.
convenience.
sui=ixt /su.ik.it/ <su.i.ki.t\> adj.
well-educated.
su=Il /su.il/ <su.i.l\> adj. of a good
character.
su=o-n /su.o.b\n/ <su.o.bh\.n\>
neut. decoration.
su=oi-t /u.o.bit/ <su.o.bhi.t\> adj.
well-decorated.
susjj /su.s\.\/ <su.s\.\> adj. wellequipped.
susva4o /sus.va.o/ <su.s\.va.o> masc.
a wind-blow.
sus&gt /su.s\.g\t/ <su.s\~.g\.t\> adj. 1.
consistent.
suSt /sus.t\/ <su.st\> adj. lazy.
226
suStI /sus.ti/ <su.stii> fem. laziness.

su&dr /sun.d\r/ <su~.d\.r\> adj.
beautiful.
sUmsam /sum.sam/ <suu.m\.sa.m\> adj.

utterly silent.
sUr /sur/ <suu.r\> masc. musical tune.
sUrj /su.r\/ <suu.r\.\> masc. the sun.
suvaXu& /su.wa.u~/ <su.va.u~> adj.

smooth.
sUkvvu& /su.k\v.vu~/ <suu.k\.v\.vu~> v.tr.
to dry.
sUku& /su.ku~/ <su.ku~> adj. dry.
sUm /suk.m\/ <suu.km\> adj.
minute.
sUr8 /su.r\/ <suu.r\.\> neut. a name

of an edible root.
sUyR /sur.j\/ <suu.rj\> masc. the sun.
sUyRg/h8 /sur.j\.gr\.h\/
<suu.rj\.gr\.h\.\> neut. solar
eclipse.
sUg /sug/ <suu.g\> fem. nausea.
sUyRmuÌ /sur.j\.mu.ki/
<suu.rj\.mu.khii> neut. sun-flower.
sUck /su.c\k/ <suu.c\.k\> adj. 1.

suggestive, 2. indicative.
sUyaRSt /sur.jas.t\/ <suu.rja.st\> masc.

sunset.
sUcn /su.c\n/ <suu.c\.n\> neut. 1.

suggestion, 2. indication.
sUyoRdy /sur.jo.d\j/ <suu.rjo.d\.j\> masc.

sunrise.
sUcvvu& /su.c\v.vu~/ <suu.c\.v\.vu~> v.tr.

1. to indicate,2 to suggest.
sUvr /su.v\r/ <suu.v\.r\> neut. pig.
sUic /su.ci/ <suu.ci> fem. list.

sUict /su.cit/ <suu.ci.t\> adj. 1.
suggested, 2. indicated.
sUjvu& /su.vu~/ <suu.\.vu~> v.intr. 1. to
swell, 2. to be swollen.
sUz /su/ <suu.h\> fem. deeper
understanding.
sUtk /su.t\k/ <suu.t\.k\> neut.
ceremonial untouchablility observed
after a death of a family member.
sUvu& /su.vu~/ <suu.vu~> v.intr. to sleep.

sU&3vu& /sug.vu~/ <suu~.gh\.vu~> v.tr. to
smell.
sU&5 /su~/ <suu~.h\> fem. dry ginger.
sU&7 /su~/ <suu~.h\> fem. trunk.
s<iQ4 /sru.i/ <sr.si> fem. the universe.
sena /se.na/ <se.na> fem. army.
sevk /se.v\k/ <se.v\.k\> masc. servant.
seva /se.va/ <se.va> fem. service.
227
sevacakrI /se.va.cak.ri/ <se.va.ca.k\.rii>

fem. nursing.
se&k6o /s~k.o/ <se~.k\.o> masc. a
hundred.
sonerI /so.ne.ri/ <so.ne.rii> adj. golden.

soparI /so.pa.ri/ <so.pa.rii> fem. betel
nut.
sobt /so.b\t/ <so.b\.t\> fem. company.
se&9I /s~.ti/ <se~.thii> fem. line formed

by the parting of hair on two sides.
sE)0aiNtk /s\i.dan.tik/
<s\i.dhdha.nti.k\> adj. theoretical.
somvar /som.var/ <so.m\.va.r\> masc.

Monday.
soml /so.m\l/ <so.m\.l\> masc.
extreme poisonous object.
sEink /s\i.nik/ <s\i.ni.k\> masc. soldier.

soy /soj/ <so.j\> fem. a needle.
sENy /s\i.nj\/ <s\i.nj\> neut. army.
so /s/ <so> adj. hundred.
soyo /so.jo/ <so.jo> masc. a large and

thick needle.
sogn /so.g\n/ <so.g\.n\> masc. an

oath.
sohag /so.hag/ <so.ha.g\> masc. welladorned.
sogat /so.gat/ <so.ga.t\> fem. gift.
soham8u& /so.ha.m\.u~/ <so.ha.m\.u~>

adj. good-looking.
sojo /so.o/ <so.o> masc. swelling.

so4I /so.i/ <so.ii> fem. a cane.
so6 /so/ <so.\> fem. a side of the
body.
so6m /so.\m/ <so.\.m\> fem.
fragrance.
sodagr /so.da.g\r/ <so.da.g\.r\> masc.
a merchant doing large scale business.
sodo /so.do/ <so.do> masc. trade.
sonamhor /so.na.m\.hor/
<so.na.m\.ho.r\> fem. guinea.
sonu& /so.nu~/ <so.nu~> neut. gold.
soX /so/ <so.\> adj. sixteen.

so&3varI /s~g.va.ri/ <so~.gh\.va.rii> fem.
cheapness.
so&pvu& /s~p.vu~/ <so~.p\.vu~> v.tr. 1. to
hand over. 2. to entrust.
sO /s\u/ <s\u> adj. all.
sOjNy /s\u.\n.j\/ <s\u.\.nj\> neut.
gentlemanliness.
sO-aGy /s\u.bag.j\/ <s\u.bha.gj\> neut.
good fortune.
sOr- /s\u.r\b/ <s\u.r\.bh\> neut.
fragrance.
228
sO&dyR /s\u~.d\r.j\/ <s\u~.d\.rj\> neut.

beauty.
S9avr /sta.v\r/ <stha.v\.r\> adj.

immovable.
iS9it /sti.ti/ <sthi.ti> fem. a condition.
S`ln /sk\.l\n/ <skh\.l\.n\> neut. 1.

an error, 2. a mistake.
iS9r /stir/ <sthi.r\> adj. immovable.
Stn /st\n/ <st\.n\> masc. female

breast.
Snatk /sna.t\k/ <sna.t\.k\> masc.

graduate.
Str /st\r/ <st\.r\> neut. a layer.
Snan /snan/ <sna.n\> neut. a bath.
Stvn /st\.v\n/ <st\.v\.n\> neut. praise.
Snayu /sne.h\/ <sna.ju> masc. a muscle.
Stuit /stu.ti/ <stu.ti> fem. praise.
Sneh /sneh/ <s> masc. 1. love, 2.

affection.
StuTy /stut.j\/ <stu.tj\> adj.

praiseworthy.
Sto{a /stot.r\/ <sto.tr\> neut. a hymn of
praise.
S{aI /stri/ <strii> fem. a woman.
S{aE8 /str\i.\/ <stri.\> adj. womanly.
S9pit /st\.p\.ti/ <sth\.p\.ti> masc. an
architect.
S9X /st\/ <sth\.\> neut. 1. a place, 2.
a location.
S9aink /sta.nik/ <stha.ni.k\> adj. local.
S9apk /sta.p\k/ <stha.p\.k\> adj.
founder.
S9apTy /sta.p\t.j\/ <stha.p\.tj\> neut.
1. sculpture, 2. architecture.
Sp0aR /sp\r.da/ <sne.h\> fem.

competition.
Sp=R /sp\r.\/ <sp\.r\> masc. touch.
SpQ4 /sp\.\/ <sp\.s\> adj. 1. clear, 2.
plain.
Sf4Ik /sp\.ik/ <sph\.ii.k\> masc.
crystal.
Smr8 /sm\.r\/ <sm\.r\.\> neut.
recollection.
Smrvu& /sm\r.vu~/ <sm\.r\.vu~> v.tr. to
remember.
Sm=an /m\.an/ <sm\.a.n\> neut.
funeral place.
Smark /sma.r\k/ <sma.r\.k\> neut. 1. a
monument, 2. a memorial.
iSmt /smit/ <smi.t\> neut. smile.
S9ayI /sta.ji/ <stha.jii> adj. stable.

Sm<it /smru.ti/ <smr.ti> fem. Hindu
scriptures.
229
Sm<it /smru.ti/ <smr.ti> fem. memory.

Sv. /sv\/ <sv\.> adj. a short form of
SvgRS9, deceased.
SvgRS9 /sv\r.g\s.t\/ <sv\.rg\.sth\> adj.
deceased.
SvC2 /sv\c.c\/ <sv\.cch\> adj. clean.
Svjn /sv\.\n/ <sv\.\.n\> masc. a
relative.
Svt&{a /sv\.t\n.tr\/ <sv\.t\~.tr\> adj.
free.
Svt&{ata /sv\.t\n.tr\.ta/ <sv\.t\~.tr\.ta>
fem. freedom.
Svde= /sv\.de/ <sv\.de.\> masc. 1.
motherland, 2. native land.
Svraj /sv\.ra/ <sv\.ra.\> neut. selfgovernment.

Svp /sv\.rup/ <sv\.ruu.p\> neut. 1.
shape, 2. form.
SvgR /sv\r.g\/ <sv\.rg\> neut. heaven.
SvgRvasI /sv\r.g\.va.si/ <sv\.rg\.va.sii>
adj. deceased.
SvgRS9 /sv\r.g\.st\/ <sv\.rg\.sth\> adj.
deceased.
SvgIRy /sv\r.gi.j\/ <sv\.rgii.j\> adj.
deceased.
SvamI /sva.mi/ <sva.mii> masc. 1.
husband, 2. lord, 3. master, 4. owner.
Sva9R /svar.t\/ <sva.rth\> masc. selfinterest.
Svde=ai-man /sv\.de.a.bi.man/
<sv\.de.a.bhi.ma.n\> neut.
patriotism.
SvaS(y /svas.tj\/ <sva.sthj\> neut.

health.
Svde=ai-manI /sv\.de.a.bi.ma.ni/
<sv\.de.a.bhi.ma.nii> neut. patriotic.
SvIkar /svi.kar/ <svii.ka.r\> masc. 1.

recognition, 2. acceptance.
Svde=I /sv\.de.i/ <sv\.de.ii> adj. of

ones own country.
SvIkayR /svi.kar.j\/ <svii.ka.rj\> adj.

acceptable.
SvPn /sv\p.n\/ <sve.pn\> neut. a

dream.
Sv-av /sv\.bav/ <sv\.bha.v\> masc.

nature.
hk /h\k/ <h\.k\> masc. 1. right, 2.

claim.
Svman /sv\.man/ <sv\.ma.n\> neut.

self-respect.
hkar /h\.kar/ <h\.ka.r\> masc.

affirmation.
Svr /sv\r/ <sv\.r\> masc. voice.
230
hkIkt /h\.ki.k\t/ <h\.kii.k\.t\> fem. a
fact.
hkIm /h\.kim/ <h\.kii.m\> masc. a
physician.
hcmcvu& /h\c.m\c.vu~/ <h\.c\.m\.c\.vu~>
v.intr. to become unsteady.
hj /h\/ <h\> fem. pilgrimage to
Mecca.
hjam /h\.am/ <h\.a.m\> masc. a
barber.
h8vu& /h\.vu~/ <h\.\.vu~> v.tr. to kill.

hta= /h\.ta/ <h\.t.a\> adj.
disappointed.
hTya /h\t.ja/ <h\.tja> fem. 1. an
assassination, 2. a massacre.
hTyaro /h\t.ja.ro/ <h\.tja.ro> masc. an
assassin.
hi9yar /h\.ti.jar/ <h\.hi.ja.r\> neut. a
weapon.
h9eXI /h\.te.i/ <h\.he.ii> fem. palm.
hjar /h\.ar/ <h\.a.r\> adj. thousand.

h9o4I /h\.to.i/ <h\.ho.ii> fem. skill.
h@ /h\.i/ <h\.ii> advb. 1. yet, .2 even
now.
h9o6I /h\.to.i/ <h> fem. a hammer.
hju /h\.u/ <h\.u> advb. 1. yet, 2. even

now.
hd /h\d/ <h\.d\> fem. boundary.
h5 /h\/ <h\.h\> fem. stubbornness.
hm8a& /h\m.a~/ <h\.m\.a~> advb. 1.

now, 2. presently.
h5vu& /h\.vu~/ <h\.h\.vu~> v.intr. to

move away.
h6kva /h\.\k.va/ <h\.\.k\.va> masc.
rabies.
h6tal /h\.tal/ <h\.\.ta.l\> fem. a
strike.
hD0Ut /h\.dut/ <h\.\.dhuu.t\> adj.
insulted or condemned everywhere.
h6pcI /h\.p\.ci/ <h\.\.p\.cii> fem.
the chin.
h6selvu& /h\.sel.vu~/ <h\.\.se.l\.vu~>
v.tr. to push away.
hmddIR /h\m.d\r.di/ <h\.m\.d\.rdi>

fem. sympathy.
hmal /h\.mal/ <h\.ma.l\> masc. a
porter.
hme= /h\.me/ <h\.me.\> advb.
always.
hyat /h\.jat/ <h\.ja.t\> adj. living.
hrkt /h\r.k\t/ <h\.r\.k\.t\> fem.
obstruction.
hr` /h\.r\k/ <h\.r\.kh\> masc. joy.
hrigj /h\r.gi/ <h\.r\.gi.\> advb. 1.
(not) at all, 2. (not) ever.
231
hr36I /h\r.g\.i/ <h\.r\.gh\.ii> advb.
every moment.
hlncln /h\.l\n.c\.l\n/
<h\.l\.n\.c\.l\.n\> fem. movement.
hr8 /h\.r\/ <h\.r\.\> neut. a deer.
hlvo /h\l.vo/ <h\.l\.vo> masc. a sweet.
hrtu&frtu& /h\r.tu~.p\r.tu~/
<h\.r\.tu~.ph\.r\.tu~> adj. healthy.
hlavvu& /h\.lav.vu~/ <h\.la.v\.vu~> v.tr. 1.

to stir 2. to shake.
hrs /h\.r\s/ <h\.r\.s\> masc. piles.
hlesu& /h\.le.su~/ <h\.le.su~> neut. an oar.
hra@ /h\.ra.i/ <h\.ra.ii> fem. auction.
hvn /h\.v\n/ <h\.v\.n\> neut. a

ceremonial sacrifice.
hramòr /h\.ram.kor/
<h\.ra.m\.kho.r\> adj. wicked.
hva /h\.va/ <h\.va> fem. air.
hrayu& /h\.ra.ju~/ <h\.ra.ju~> adj. 1.

ownerless (cattles etc.), 2. strayed.
hvaman /h\.va.man/ <h\.va.ma.n\>

neut. 1. climate, 2. weather.
hir /h\.ri/ <h\.rii> masc. Lord Vishnu.
hvaldar /h\.val.dar/ <h\.va.l\.da.r\>

masc. a police constable.
hiryaXI /h\.ri.ja.i/ <h\.ri.ja.ii> fem.

greenery.
hvalo /h\.va.lo/ <h\.va.lo> masc. 1.

possession, 2. reference.
hirhr /h\.ri.h\r/ <h\.ri.h\.r\> masc.

Lord Vishnu and Lord Shiva.
hve /h\.ve/ <h\.ve> advb. now.
hrIf /h\.rip/ <h\.rii.ph\> masc.

competitor.
hve9I /h\.ve.ti/ <h\.ve.thii> advb. 1.

henceforth, 2. now onward, 3. hereafter.
hrIfa: /h\.ri.pa.i/ <h\.ri.pha.ii> fem.

competition.
hvelI /h\.ve.li/ <h\.ve.lii> fem. 1. a big,

majestic building, 2. a Vaishnava
temple.
hrek /h\.rek/ <h\.re.k\> advb. 1. each,

2. every one.
hroX /h\.ro/ <h\.ro.\> fem. a row.
hlka: /h\l.kai/ <h\l.ka.ii> fem.
meanness.
hlku& /h\l.ku~/ <h\.l\.ku~> adj. light.
h=e /h\.e/ <h\.e> advb. 1. never mind,

2. let it be, 3. it does not matter (to me).
hsvu& /h\s.vu~/ <h\.s\.vu~> v.intr. to
laugh.
hsam8u& /h\.sa.m\.u~/ <h\.sa.m\.u~>
adj. that which provokes laughter.
232
hStkXa /h\s.t\.k\.a/ <h\.st\.k\.a> fem.
handicraft.
h&s /h\ms/ <h\~.s\> masc. swan.

ha /ha/ <ha> advb. yes.
hStxep /h\s.t\.kep/ <h\.st\.ke.p\>

masc. undue interference.
St0Unn /h\s.t\.du.n\n/
<h\.st\.dhuu.n\.n\> neut. a handshake.
hStp/t /h\s.t\.pr\t/ <h\.st\.pr\.t\> fem.
manuscript.
hStmeXap /h\s.t\.me.ap/ <h\.st\.pr\.t\>
masc. the act of joining hands of bride
and bridegroom in a marriage ceremony.
hStaxr /h\s.ta.k\r/ <h\.sta.k\.r\>
masc. 1. hand writing, 2. signature..
hak /hak/ <ha.k\> fem. a shout.

hajr /ha.\r/ <ha.\.r\> adj. present.
hajrjvabI /ha.\r.\.va.bi/
<ha.\.r\.\.va.bii> adj. quick-witted.
hajrI /ha.ri/ <ha.\.rii> fem. presence.
ha6ku& /ha.ku~/ <ha.\.ku~> neut. a bone.
ha6vEd /ha.v\id/ <ha.\.v\i.d\> masc.
a bone-setter.
hX /h\/ <h\.\> neut. a plough.
ha6marI /ha.ma.ri/ <ha.[a.ma.rii> fem.

difficulties.
hXdr /h\.d\r/ <h\.\.d\.r\> fem.

turmeric.
ha6oha6 /ha.o.ha/ <ha.o.ha.\>

advb. 1. up to the bone, 2. affecting very
deeply.
hXvu& /h\.vu~/ <h\.\.vu~> adj. light.
ha9 /hat/ <ha.th\> masc. hand.
hXve /h\.ve/ <h\.\.ve> advb. slowly.
ha9k6I /hat.k\.i/ <ha.th\.k\.ii> fem.

handcuffs.
hXve9I /h\.ve.ti/ <h\.\.ve.thi> advb.

1. slowly, 2. gently.
h&karvu& /h\.kar.vu~/ <h\~.ka.r\.vu~> v.tr.
1. to drive, 2. to sail.
h&gamI /h\.ga.mi/ <h\~.ga.mii> adj.
temporary.
ha9calakI /hat.ca.la.ki/
<ha.th\.ca.la.kii> fem. jugglery.
ha98I /hat.i/ <ha.th\.ii> fem. female
elephant.
ha9I /ha.ti/ <ha.thii> masc. elephant.
h&me= /h\m.me/ <h\~.me.\> advb.

always.
ha9o /ha.to/ <ha.tho> masc. handle.
h&me=a& /h\m.me/ <h\~.me.a~> advb.

always.
ha9oha9 /ha.to.hat/ <ha.tho.ha.th\>

advb. a handle.
233
ha na /ha na/ <ha na> fem. hesitation.
ha&ja /ha~.a/ <ha~.a> masc. pl. the joints

of the body.
hain /ha.ni/ <ha.ni> fem. damage.

ha&f /ha~p/ <ha~.ph\> fem. panting.
hainktaR /ha.ni.k\r.ta/ <ha.ni.k\.rta> adj.
damaging.
har /har/ <ha.r\> masc. 1. garland, 2.
necklace.
ha&fvu& /ha~p.vu~/ <ha~.ph\.vu~> v.intr. to

pant for breath.
ha&isyo /ha~s.(i)jo/ <ha~.si.jo> masc. a
margin.
har /har/ <ha.r\> fem. defeat.

harvu& /har.vu~/ <ha.r\.vu~> v.intr. to be
defeated.
hal /hal/ <ha.l\> masc. 1. condition, 2.
circumstances.
halk6olk /hal\k.o.l\k/
<ha.l\.k\.o.l\.k\> advb. unsteady.
halcal /hal.cal/ <ha.l\.ca.l\> masc.
condition.
halt /ha.l\t/ <ha.l\.t\> fem. 1.
condition, 2. circumstances.
halvu& /hal.vu~/ <ha.l\.vu~> v.intr. to
move.
ha= /ha/ <ha.\> interjection. shows a
sense of ease or gratification.
ha&sI /ha~.si/ <ha~.sii> fem. 1. a jest, 2. a

joking.
ihckaru& /hic.ka.ru~/ <hi.c\.ka.ru~> neut.
cowardly.
ihjravu& /hi.ra.vu~/ <hi.\.ra.vu~> v.intr. to
languish in someones memory.
iht /hit/ <hi.t\> neut. welfare.
ihteC2u /hi.tec.cu/ <hi.te.cchu> adj. and
masc. a wel-wisher.
ihna /hi.na/ <hi.na> fem. myrtle.
ihm /him/ <hi.m\> masc. frost.
ihlcal /hil.cal/ <hi.l\.ca.l\> fem. 1.
movement, 2. activities.
haSy /has.j\/ <ha.sj\> neut. smile.
ihsab /hi.sab/ <hi.sa.b\> masc. 1.

account, .2 calculation.
haSyaSpd /has.ja.p\d/ <ha.sja.sp\.d\>

adj. rediculous.
ihsabnI= /hi.sab.ni/ <hi.ha.b\.nii.\>

masc. accountant.
hahakr /ha.ha.kar/ <ha.ha.ka.r\> masc.

widespread feeling of sorrow or terror.
ihSso /his.so/ <hi.sso> masc. a share.
ha&kvu& /ha~k.vu~/ <ha~.k\.vu~> v.tr. to drive.
ih&g /hi.g\/ <hi~.g\> fem. asafetida.
234
ih&mt /him.m\t/ <hi~.m\.t\> fem.
courage.
hU&f /hu~p/ <huu~.ph\> fem. warmth.

dy /r\.d\j/ <hr\.d\.j\> neut. heart.
ih&sk /him.s\k/ <hi~.s\.k\> adj. violent.

ih&sa /him.sa/ <hi~.sa> fem. violence.
hIj6o /hi.o/ <hii.\.o> masc.
eunuch.
hIbkvu& /hi.b\k.vu~/ <hii.b\.k\.vu~> v.intr.
to sob.
hIbku& /hib.ku~/ <hii.b\.ku~> neut. a sob.
hIro /hi.ro/ <hii.ro> masc. diamond.
hI&cvu& /hi~c.vu~/ <hii~.c\.vu~> v.intr. to
swing (oneself).
hukm /hu.k\m/ <huu.k\.m\> masc. an
order.
hukko /huk.ko/ <hu.kko> masc. a
smoking pipe.
humlo /hum.lo/ <hu.m\.lo> masc. an
attack.
huLl6 /hul.l\/ <hu.ll\.\> neut. a riot.
dyavk /r\.d\j.dra.v\k/
<hr\.d\.j\.dra.v\.k\> adj. stronly
affecting to the heart.
dypirvtRn /r\.d\j.p\.ri.v\r.t\n/
<hr\.d\.j\.p\.ri.v\.rt\.n\> neut. a
change of heart.
dy=UNy /r\.d\j.un.j\/ <hr\.d\.j\.u.nj\>
adj. feelingless.
het /het/ <he.t\> neut. 1. affection, 2.
love.
hetu /he.tu/ <he.tu> masc. 1. motive, 2.
intention.
herangit /he.ran,g\.ti/ <he.ra.n\.g\.ti>
fem. 1. trouble, 2. difficulty.
helI /he.li/ <he.lii> fem. heavy rain.
hevainyt /he.va.ni.j\t/ <he.va.ni.j\.t\>
fem. 1. brutality, 2. cruelty.
heval /he.val/ <h> masc. an account.
hu& /hu~/ <hu~> pron. I, first person

singular.
hUko /hu.ko/ <huu.ko> masc. a smoking
pipe.
hU&i6yam8 /hu~.i.ja.m\/
<huu~.i.ja.m\.\> neut. rate of
exchange.
heisyt /hes.j\t/ <he.si.j\.t\> fem.

capacity.
hoj /hi/ <ho.\> masc. a water
reservoir.
hojrI /ho.ri/ <ho.\.rii> fem. stomach.
ho5 /ho/ <ho.h\> masc. a lip.
hU&6I /hu~.i/ <huu~.ii> fem. a bill of

exchange.
ho6I /ho.i/ <ho.ii> fem. a boat.
235
hoo /hod.do/ <ho.ddo> masc. 1. a
rank. 2. a position.
xmapa{a /k\.ma.pat.r\/ <k\/ma.pa.tr\>

adj. forgivable.
honhar /hon.har/ <ho.n\.ha.r\> adj.

promising.
xy /k\.j\/ <k\.j\> masc. .tuberculosis.
honart /ho.na.r\t/ <ho.na.r\.t\> fem. a

big accident.
hom /hom/ <ho.m\> masc. a ceremonial
sacrifice.
xar /kar/ <ka.r\> adj. 1. saltiest, 2.

saline.
ixitj /ki.ti/ <ki.ti.\> fem. the
horizon.
xe{a /ket.r\/ <ke.tr\> neut. a place.
holo /ho.lo/ <ho.lo> masc. a dove\line

bird.
hovu& /ho.vu~/ <ho.vu~> v.intr. 1. to be, 2.
to take place.
hoi=yar /ho.i.jar/ <ho.i.ja.r\> adj. 1.
clever, 2. brillient.
xe{afX /ket.r\.p\/ <ke.tr\.ph\.\>

neut. area
xo- /kob/ <ko.bh\> masc. hesitation
arising from bashfulness.
}a
hoi=yarI /ho.i.ja.ri/ <ho.i.ja.rii> fem. 1.

cleverness, 2. intelligence.
}aait /gnja.ti/ <gna.ti> fem. a caste.
hoha /ho.ha/ <ho.ha> fem. uproar.
}aan /gnan/ <gna.n\> neut. knowledge.
hoXI /ho.i/ <ho.ii> fem. the Holi

festival.
}aanI /gna.ni/ <gna.nii> adj. intelligent.
x
x8 /k\/ <k\.\> fem. .a moment.
xit /k\.ti/ <k\.ti> fem. 1. loss, 2.
injury.
xi{ay /k\t.ri.j\/ <k\.tri.j\> masc. a
community so named.
xma /k\.ma/ <k\.ma> fem.
.forgiveness.
236
A Brief Outline of Gujarati Parts-of-Speech

Babu Suthar
bsuthar@sas.upenn.edu
(Work in progress)
Department of South Asia Studies
University Of Pennsylvania
820 Williams Hall
36th and Spruce
Philadelphia PA 19104
237
Content
1. Introduction
2. Open class
2.1. Nouns
2.2. Adjective
2.3. Verbs
2.4. Adverbs
3. Closed class
3.1. Pronouns and other Pro-Forms
3.2. Noun adjuncts
3.2.1. Role markers
3.2.1.1 Case markers
3.2.1.2 Postpositions
3.2.2. Quantifiers
3.3. Verb adjuncts
3.3.1. Auxiliaries
3.3.1.1.
Simple auxiliaries
3.3.1.2.
Modal auxiliaries
3.4. Connectives
3.4.1. Coordinating connectives
3.4.2. Subordinating connectives
3.4.3. Correlative connectives
3.4.4. Adversative connectives
3.4.5. Explicative connectives
3.4.6. Causal connectives
3.5. Other closed classes
3.5.1. Emphasis markers
3.5.2. Interjections
3.5.3. Negators
3.5.4. Politeness markers
3.5.5. Tag-marks
4. Conclusion
238
1. Introduction
Gujarati words can be divided into: (1) Open class and (2) Closed class. Open class
consists of nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs, while closed class consists of pronouns
and other pro-forms, noun adjuncts, verb adjuncts, conjunctions and others.
2. Open Class
2.1 Nouns
Nouns have the following properties:
gender,
number
case.
Genders are three: masculine, feminine and neuter. All three genders are marked
and unmarked. Masculine is marked with -Ao, feminine with -:, and neuter is marked with
w&. Examples:
Nouns with unmarked gender
Masculine
-a:
sap
ha9
pvRt
ivcar
bai
sap
hat
p\rv\t
vicar
'brother'
'serpent'
'hand'
'mountain'
'thought'
Feminine
bhen
-e&s
Aa&`
vel
pX
b\hen
b~s
~k
vel
p\
'sister'
'buffalo'
'eye'
'creeper'
'moment'
\rir
nak
pul
man
m\n
'body'
'nose'
'flower'
'respect'
'organ of desire'
Neuter
=rIr
nak
fUl
man
mn
Nouns with marked gender

Masculine
239
2okro
kUtro
36o
Aa&bo
p9ro
cokr.o
kutr.o
g\o
~bo
p\tr.o
'boy'
'dog (male)'
'pot'
'mango tree'
'stone'
Feminine
2okrI
kUtrI
ndI
za6I
Aa&gXI
cokr.i
kutr.i
n\d.i
ja.i
~g.i
'girl'
'dog (female)'
'river'
'bush'
'finger'
cokr.u~
kutr.u~
ta.u~
m~.u~
ka.u~
'child'
'dog'
'lock'
'mouth'
'whole'
Neuter
2okru&
kUtru&
taXu&
mo7u&
ka8u&
Gujarati has many nouns that end in Ao and :, but they are not masculine or
feminine respectively. Most traditional grammars treat them as exception. In fact, they
are not. The Ao and : of these nouns are not gender markers, they are the indivisible part
of their stem, and therefore it is wrong to treate them as gender markers and then list
them as exceptions. Consider 3o and pa8I, for example. Traditional grammars analyzed
them as follow:
. 3o
g.o
stem-Gender marker.
'a kind of reptile'
. pa8I
pa.i
stem-Gender marker
'water'
As and show, they treat Ao and : as gender markers, which is not a correct
analysis. The correct analysis is given bellow in and :
240
. 3o
go.
stem-Gender marker
'a kind of reptile'
. pa8I
pai-
stem-Gender marker
'water'
This analysis shows that 3o and pa8I are nouns with unmarked gender and their -Ao
and -: are not the gender markers.
Numbers are two: singular and plural. Singular is unmarked, while plural is
marked with Ao. Examples:
Singular
Plural
2okro
2okrI
idvs
ma8s
2okraAo
2okrIAo
idvso
ma8so
cokr.o
cokr.i
div\s
ma\s
cokra.o
cokr.i.o
div\s.o
ma\s.o
'boys'
'girls'
'days'
'men'
Case markers are (nominative), -e (agentive/ergative), - or -ne (accusative/

absolutive), -ne (dative/experiencer), -thi or -e (instrumental), -nu~ (genitive), and
-ma~ (locative). Consider the following paradigm:
Nominative
Agentive/Ergative
Accusative/Absolutive
Dative/Experiencer
Locative
2okro
2okraAe
2okro
2okrane
2okrane
2okrama&
cokrro.
cokra.e
cokrro.
cokrra.ne
cokra.ne
cokra.ma~
Genitive case inflects for gender and number as the following paradigm shows:
Singular
Plural
Masculine
2okrano
cokra.no
2okrana
cokra.no
Feminine
2okranI
cokra.ni
2okranI
cokra.ni
241
Neuter
2okranu&
cokra.nu~
2okrana&
cokra.na~
2.2 Adjectives
Gujarati adjectives fall into two categories: (1) variable and (2) invariable. Variable
adjectives vary in terms of the gender and number of the nouns they modify, whereas the
invariable adjectives do not vary. Consider the examples of saru& and su&dr, variable and
invariable adjectives respectively.
. saro
sar-o
good-MSASC.SG
'a good boy'
2okro
cokr-o
boy-MASC.SG.
. sarI
sar-i
good-FEM.SG
'a good girl'
2okrI
cokr-i
boy-FEM.SG.
. saru&
sar-u~
good-NEUT.SG
'a good child'
2okru&
cokr-u~
boy-NEUT.SG.
. sara
sar-a
good-MSASC.PL
'good boys'
2okraAo
cokr-a-o
boy-MASC.PL.
. sarI
sar-i
good-FEM.
'a good girl'
2okrIAo
cokr-i-o
boy-FEM.PL.
. sara&
sar-a~
good-NEUT.PL.
'a good child'
2okra&Ao
cokr-a~-o
boy-NEUT.PL.
In - the adjective saru& varies in terms of the gender of the noun it modifies. For
example, in , the noun is masculine and singular therefore the adjective saru& agrees with
the noun in masculine and singular. In the noun is feminine and singular and therefore
the adjective is also feminine and singular and so on. In , however, the noun is feminine
and plural the adjective does not show a plural marker. We can say that adjectives in
Gujarati remain unaffected in number when the noun they modify is feminine and plural.
Now consider the example of su&dr an invariable adjective:
242
. su&dr
2okro
sundar
chhokr-o
beautiful
boy-MASC.SG.
'a beautiful boy'
. su&dr
2okrI
sunder
chhokr-i
beautiful
boy-FEM.SG.
'a beautiful girl'
. su&dr
2okru&
beautiful
chhokr-uN
beautiful
boy-NEUT.SG.
'a beautiful child'
. su&dr
2okraAo
sundar
chhokr-a-o
good
boy-MASC.PL.
'beautiful boys'
. su&dr
2okrIAo
sunder
chhokr-i-o
beautiful
boy-FEM.PL.
'a beautiful girl'
. su&dr
2okra&Ao
sundar
chhokr-aN-o
beautiful
boy-NEUT.PL.
'beautiful child'
In - , su&dr is an invariable adjective and therefore it does not agree with the noun it
modifies.
2.3 Verbs
Gujarati verbs (non-inflected) have the following structure: verb stem + infinitive.
Example:
. hsvu&
h\s-vu~
verb stem + infinitive
'to laugh'
. r6vu&
r\-vu~
243
'to cry'
A verb root may be intransitive, transitive or double transitive. It may be also simple or
causative. and are the examples of intransitive root. - and - are the examples of
transitive and double transitive roots respectively.
. kapvu&
kap-vu~
'to cut'
. pIvu&
pi-vu~
'to drink'
. Aapvu&
ap-vu~
'to give'
. moklvu&
mok\l-vu~
'to send'
to are also the examples of simple verbs, while bellow are the examples of
causative verbs. These are the verbs that are derived from simple verbs.
. hsavvu&
h\s.av.-vu~
verb stem +CAUS1+ INFINITIVE
'to make someone laugh'
. hsav6avvu&
has.av.av-vu~
verb stem + CAUS1 + CAUS2 + INFINITIVE
'to make someone laugh through some another person'
Gujarati inflected verbs have the following pattern: verb stem + inflectional material.
Inflectional material may consists of various features such as tense, person,
gender and number. Following table summaries some of the major inflections for the verb
hsvu&
Present (verb stem + tense, person, number)
Singular
Plural
244
First Person
hsu&
h\s.u~
hsIAe
h\si.ie
Second Person
hse
h\s.e
hso
h\s.o
Third Person
hse
h\s.e
hse
h\s.e
Future (verb stem + tense, person, number)

Singular
Plural
First Person
hsI=
h\s.i
hsI=u&
h\s.iu~
Second Person
hs=e
h\s.e
hs=o
h\s.o
Third Person
hs=e
h\s.e
hs=e
h\s.e
Past Progressive (verb stem + progressive marker + gender, number)

Singular
Plural
Masculine
hsto
h\s.t.o
hsta
h\s.t.a
Feminine
hstI
h\s.t.i
hstI
h\s.t.i
Neuter
hstu&
h\s.t.u~
hsta&
h\s.t.a~
Past Perfective (verb stem + perfective + gender, number)

Singular
Plural
Masculine
hSyo
h\s.y.o
hSya
h\s.y.a
Feminine
hsI
h\s.y.i
HsI
h\s.y.i
245
Neuter
hSyu&
h\s.y.u~
hSya&
h\s.y.a~
Past Plu-perfective (verb stem + pluperfect marker + gender and number)

Singular
Plural
Masculine
hselo
h\s.el.o
hsela
h\s.el.a
Feminine
hselI
h\s.el.i
hselI
h\s.el.i
Neuter
hselu&
h\s.el.u~
hsela&
h\s.el.a~
Verbs also inflect for imperative (present and future), desiderative, obligatory,
conditional, and infinitive constructions. Examples:
Imperative
Present
Second Person
Singular
Plural/Hon.
rm
àv
rmo
àAo
r\m
kav
r\m.o
kao
'play'
'eat'
Third Person
rmje (future)
Desiderative rmvu&
Obligatory
rmvanu&
Conditional rmt
Infinitive
rmvu&
Excluding desiderative, all verb forms inflect for gender and number. However,
conditional verb forms inflect optionally.
2.4 Adverbs
Like adjective, adverbs are also variable and non-variable in Gujarati. Variable adverbs
agree with the noun with which the verb agrees. There are various types of adverbs.
Some of them are adverb of time, adverb of place, adverb of manner, adverb of order,
246
adverb of quantity, adverb of doubt, adverb of frequency, adverb of negative and
connecting adverbs.
Time
Aaje
kale
prmidvse
svare
bpore
sa&je...
etc.
aje
'today'
kale
'tomorrow'
p\r\m divse 'day after or
day before tomorrow.'
s\vare
'in morning'
b\pore
'at noon, in the
afternoon'
sa~je
'in evening'
Place
AhI&
Tya&
n@k9I
pase
dUr9I
etc.
\hi~
tya~
n\jik.ti
pase
dur.ti
'here'
'there'
'from near'
'near'
'from a distance'
~m
j~m
t~m
j~m t~m
p\ap\
d\a\
\can\k
ekaek
'in that way'

as
in that manner
by hook or crook'
one after the other
one after the other
accidently
suddenly
p\helu~
p\citi
ak\re
\gauti
badma~
first, before
later, after
finally, at last
in advance
afterward
Manner
Aem
jem
tem
jem tem
f4af4
06a06
Acank
AekaAek
Order
phelu&
p2I9I
Aa`re
Agaw9I
badma&
247
A&te
\nte
finally, at the end
g\u~
tou~
pur.tu~
b\rob\r
\ko\k
plenty, much, many

small, less
sufficient
equal
full
k\dac
k\dacit
moe bage
g\u~k\ru~
kjarek
perhaps
hardly
mostly
mainly
sometime
roj
kjarek
\varn\var
var\mvar
everyday
sometime
frequently
repeatdly
ma
na
n\hi~
not (colloquial)
not
not
p\
p\riame
v\duma~
jo ke
t\dupra~t
but
as a result, consequently
in addition
however
morover
Quantity
08u&
9o6u&
pUrtu&
brobr
4ko4k
Doubt
kdac
kdaict
mo4e -age
38u&`ru&
kyarek
Frequency
roj
kyarek
Avarnvar
var&var
Negative
ma
na
nhI&
Connecting
p8
pir8ame
v0uma&
joke
td\wpra&t
3. Closed class
3.1 Pronouns and other Pro-forms
Personal Pronouns
248
Gujarati personal pronouns differentiate three persons (first, second and third) and two
numbers (singular, plural). They have also inclusive and exclusive contrast in third person
plural. In addition, their second person plural form is also used as honorific.
Following table summarize regular and agentive pronouns:
Singular
Plural
Fist Person
hu&
Ame
Aap8e
tme
teAo
Second Person tu&

Third Person
te
(Exclusive)
(Inclusive)
Personal pronouns take various cases, which include nominative, ergative,

accusative/ dative, genitive and locative and instrumental. From these genitive forms
distinguish among three genders and two numbers. Following table summaries their
forms:
1st.sg 1st.pl 2nd.sg 2nd.pl 3rd.sg 3rd.pl
---------------------------------------------------------------------------Nominative
hu&
Ame
Aap8e
tu&
tme
te
teAo
Ergative
me&
Ame
Aap8e
te&
tme
te8e
teAoAe
tem8e
Accusative
mne
Amne tne
Aap8ne
tmne
tene
teAone
temne
Locative
marama&
Amarama& tarama&
Aap8ama&
Amara9I tara9I
Aap8a9I
tmarama& tenama&
Amaro taro
Aap8o
tmaro
teno
teAono
temno
Fem. marI
AmarI tarI
Aap8I
tmarI
tenI
teAonI
temnI
Neut. maru&
Amaru&
Aap8u&
tmaru&
tenu&
teAonu&
temnu&
Instrumental mara9I
Genitive
Masc. maro
Non-personal Pronouns
taru&
tmara9I tena9I
teAonama&
temnama&
teAo9I
temna9I
249
Gujarati non-personal pronouns include demonstrative pronouns, interrogative pronouns,
relative pronouns, indefinite pronouns and reflexive pronouns.
Demonstrative Pronouns
Aa, pelu& and te / Ae are the demonstrative pronouns. From these pel&u is variable. Aa is the
near demonstrative pronoun, pelu& is the far demonstrative pronoun, while te / Ae are deictic
pronouns.
Interrogative Pronouns
Interrogative pronouns are =u& and ko8. From these =u& is variable. We use =u& to ask
question about non-human things, while ko8 to ask question about humans.
Relative Pronouns
Relative pronouns are je......te. These pronouns are used to connect two sentences.
Indefinite Pronouns
ko:, ka&:/ k&: and k=u& are the Indefinite pronouns. ko: used for human, while k&:k/ ka&:k
and k=u&k are used for non-human. From these pronouns, k=u& is variable.
Reflexive Pronouns
pote is the Reflexive pronoun.
In addition to these, Gujarati has also distributive pronouns (je je, te te, ko8 ko8, =u& =u&
etc.), reciprocal pronouns (prSprSpr, ANyoNy, Arsprs), indefinite pronouns (Amuktmuk, fla8u7& I&k8u,&
k&:k etc.).
Non-personal pronouns also inflect for ergative, accusative/dative, locative,
genitive and instrumental cases.
3.2 Noun adjuncts
3.2.1 Role markers
Case markers and postpositions are the role markers in Gujarati.
3.2.1.1 Case markers
Gujarati nouns distinguish seven types of cases: subjective, ergative, objective/dative,
agential, ablative, genitive, locative and vocative. From these, genitive inflects for gender
and number of the noun it takes. Following table summarizes the case markers:
Nominative 2okro
2okro AaVyo.
-
-Ae
Ergative
2okraAe
2okraAe kerI kapI.
Objective
2okrane
rme=e 2okrane mayoR.
-ne
-ne
Dative
2okrane
rme=e 2okrane kerI AapI.
Experiencer 2okrane
2okrane p(9r vaGyo.
-ne
Ablative
bgIca9I
maru& 3r bgIca9I 9o6ek j dUr 2e.
-9I
Instrumental rme=9I
rme=9I bhu& kam 9tu& n9I.
-9I
Genitive
2okrano
2okrano kagX
-no, -nI, -nu&, etc.
2okraAono kagX
etc.
Locative
3re
rme= ATyare 3re j h=e.
-Ae
-ma&
bgIcama&
rme= ATyare bgIcama& h=e.
Vocative
he 2okra
he 2okra, AhI& Aav.
-
3.2.1.2 Postpositions
Gujarati postpositions fall in two classes: invariant and variant. The variant postpositions
agree with noun in gender and number. Examples:
250
Invariant postpositions:
trf, bad, lgI, pEkI, v6e, vgr...
Variant postpositions:
jevo, srò...
3.2.2 Quantifiers
Quantifiers are the words that refers to quantity. Following are some of the Gujarati
quantifiers:
1. %, %, %.....
2. /, /, /...
3. ,, , , ...
4. Aek, be, {a8, car, pa&c....
5. Aekad, beAek, {a8ek, carek, pa&cek
6. pa, A60u&, po8u&, do7u&, bm8u&...
7. b0u&, 9o6u&, 9o6&uk, ke4lu&k, pUrtu&, ApUrtu&, v0are...
...
3.3 Verb adjuncts
3.3.1 Auxiliaries
3.3.1.1 Simple auxiliaries
Gujarati has two auxiliaries: 2- and ho-. Of these, 2- is used in present tense, while ho- is
used in past tense and future tense. 2 and ho both differentiate three person and two
number in present tense and future tense, while ho differentiates three gender and two
numbers only in past tense. Consider the following tables:
2 Present tense
Singular
Plural
First Person
2u&
2IAe
Second Person
2e
2o
Third Person
2e
2e
Singular
Plural
First Person
ho:=
ho:=u&
Second Person
h=e
h=o
Third Person
h=e
h=e
Singular
Plural
hto
hta
ho Future tense
ho Past tense
Masculine
251
Feminine
htI
htI
Neuter
htu&
hta&
3.3.1.2 Modal auxiliaries

Modal auxiliaries are the verbs that are used as auxiliaries. Such verbs are small in
number and they occur with many restrictions. One such restriction is on the combination
of the verbs. We can not combine all the modal auxiliary verbs with all the non-modal
auxiliary verbs. In such verbal sequences, the first verb takes some linking element while
the second verb takes inflectional material. Examples:
Verb
à:
na`vu&
kapI
sm@
s&-XavI
wtrI
-rI
hsI
bolI
ka7I
Modal
verb
levu&
na`vu&
ka7vu&
jvu&
devu&
jvu&
ra`vu&
p6vu&
w5vu&
mUkvu&
Example
me& kerI à: lI0I.
me& je khevu& htu& te khI na~yu&
me& kerI kapI ka7I.
hu& AemnI vat sm@ gyo.
me& Aemne be vat s&-XavI dI0I.
hu& f4af4 pg9Iya& wtrI gyo.
saru& 9yu& ke me& pa8I -rI ra~yu&. nhI& to Aap8e =u& krt?
te jor jor9I hsI p6yo.
te AekaAek bolI w5yo.
me& rme=ne Aoifsma&9I ka8I mUkyo.
3.4 Connectives
3.4.1 Coordinating connectives
Gujarati distinguishes between conjunctive (Ane) and disjunctive (ke, A9va). In disjunctive it
distinguishes between inclusive (ke) and exclusive (A9va). Examples:
Conjunctive sentences:
. rme= Ane mhe= kale 3er j=e.
. mne lal Ane lIlo r&g gme 2e.
. rme= Aav=e Ane mIna j=e.
Disjunctive sentences:
. marI sa9e ko8 Aav=e? mIna ke lIla? (mIna Aav=e / lIla Aav=e / mIna Ane lIla bNne Aav=e.)
. marI sa9e mIna A9va lIla Aav=e. (mIna Aav=e / lIla Aav=e / *mIna Ane lIla bNne Aav=e.)
3.4.2 Subordinating connective
Subordinating conjunction is ke. Examples:
. te8e ku& ke hu& AavI=.
. rme=ne khejo ke Ae kale mare 3er Aave.
. mne htu& j ke Aek be idvsma& mne tav Aav=e.
3.4.3 Correlative connectives
je ...te is a correlative connective, which decline for all the cases. Consider the following
table:
Nominative
Ergative
je...te
je8e...te8e
252
Dative
Genitive
Locative
Instrumental
jene...tene
jenu&...tenu&
jema&...tema&, jenama&...tenama&
jena9I....tena9I
Correlative also inflects for comparative to express size, quantity, etc.: Examples.
jev6u&...tev6u&.
je4lu&..te4lu&
jem...tem
jya&...Tya&
(size)
(quantity)
(manner)
(place)
3.4.4 Adversative connectives

p8 and prNtu are adversative conjunctions. prNtu is more formal than p8. Examples:
. hu& ca nhI&, p8 kofI pI=.
. tme gme Tya& jav. p8 Aa 2okrane AhI& mUkta jav.
. rme=ne khejo ke -le kam kre. p8 tibyt p8 jaXve.
3.4.5 Explicative connectives
ke and Ae4le are the explicative conjunctions. Examples:
. hu& Ae4lo b0o 9akI gyelo ke na pu2o vat.
. lIla Ae4le lIla. AenI vat 9ay?
3.4.6 Causal connective
kemke/ kar8ke is a causal connective. Examples:
. hu& kale Skule n hto gyo kemke/ kar8 ke marI tibyt sarI n htI.
. mare Ùb va&cvu& p6=e kem ke / kar8 ke mare kale pirxa 2e.
3.5 Other Closed classes
3.5.1 Emphasis marker
Gujarati distinguishes between two types of emphasis markers: (1) inclusive and (2)
exclusive. Inclusive marker is y / p8 and exclusive marker is j : Examples:
Inclusive
. lIla y/p8 kale sa&je rsro4lI à=e.
. lIla kale sa&je y/p8 rsro4lI à=e.
. lIla kale sa&je rsro4lI y/p8 à=e.
Exclusive
. lIla j kale sa&je rsro4lI à=e.
. lIla kale sa&je j rsro4lI à=e.
. lIla kale sa&je rsro4lI j à=e.
. lIla kale sa&je rs ro4lI à=e j.
Besides there are also sentential emphasis word `ru&, that agree with object > subject.
Examples:
. rme= AaVyo `ro?
. rme=e cop6I va&cI `rI?
3.5.2 Interjections
Gujarati has two types of interjections: primary (which do not have any lexical meaning)
and secondary (which have some lexical meaning associated with them). Ahha, Aho, Aoho,
A0000, h&A are the examples of primary interjections while vah, =aba=, ALya, etc. are the
253
examples of secondary interjections. In terms of function, they can be divided into
expressive, conative and phatic types. Expressive interjections can be further divided into
emotive and cognitive interjections. Following is a rough and very preliminary
classification of the Gujarati interjections:
Expressive interjections:
Emotive
1. hay, hay hay, hay re, bapre, ma re, Ao...
Express pain
2. Aoho, Aha, A000, Ahha...
Exclamatory
3. h4\, 2I, 24\, 9U, i0k...
Express hate.
Cognitive
4. vah, =aba=, Aaha, 0Ny...
Express joy
Conative
5. Ao, ALya, AlI....
Address terms (informal).
6. hay, hlo,
Express greeting.
7. Aav, Aavo, p0aro
Express reception (informal sg. informal plural and
honorific, formal respectively).
8. Aavje, Aavjo
Express good-bye.
9. cal / calo Tyare
Express parting
Phatic
10. h&, =u&
Express question.
11. h&A, ha,...
Express permission.
12. W&hu&
Expresses negation.
3.5.3 Negators
na, nhI&, n and n9I are the negators in Gujarati. We use negators to prohibit an action and
also to negate a sentence or a phrase. Examples:
Prohibitative Negation
. tme kerI na àta.
. tme bIju b0u& j àjo, p8 kerI nhI& àta.
. tme kerI n àAo to saru&.
Sentential/Phrasal negation
. p/ rme= AaVyo?
(Ramesh did not come.)
jvab na.
. rme= rmto n9I.
(Ramesh may be doing something else.)
, rme= rm=e nhI&.
(Ramesh will not play. He will do something else).
. rme= Aavu& na kre.
(Ramesh would not do such thing. Some another person must have
done it).
. rme= pakI kerI n laVyo. (Ramesh brought a mango but it was not ripe.)
3.5.4 Politeness marker
@ is the politeness marker that is used with verb and nouns. Examples:
. kagXno jvab AapvanI k<pa kr=o@.
. bapu@ bhar gam gya 2e. kale Aav=e.
3.5.5 Tag-marks
Gujarati has two types of tag-marks:(1) Sentence initial tag-marks, and (2) Sentence final
tag-marks. Examples:
Sentence Initial tag-marks
254
. to tme kyare pa2a Aav=o?
. te tme kyare Amdavad jvana?
. to to tu& Aa nokrI krvano `ro, kem?
. Tyare to t u& 3er jvano Aemke?
Sentence Final tag-marks
. tme ca pI=o ke?
. Aa cop6I lw& ke?
. jra Aa kagX va&cI btav to.
. me& Aa4lu& kam to kyuRne?
4. Conclusion
This is a very brief outline of the Gujarati parts-of-speech I have prepared for the
Beginning Gujarati and Intermediate Gujarati class. I am more concerned with specifying
general properties of these parts of speech and listing sample words belonging to them.
255
Gujarati Numerals
Gujarati has three types of numerals: cardinals, ordinals, and fractions.
Cardinal
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
256
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
In counting 100 is , 200 is , 300 is , 400 is and so on. Similarly,

1000 is , which is once again , , and so on. One hundred
thousand is called in Gujarati. There is no concept of million in Gujarati. We
describe it as . One hundred is called and one hundred is called
.
Remember:
In Gujarati each number symbol has its own name. They are , , , ,
, , , , and for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 0 respectively.
Ordinals:
The ordinals for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 are , , , , , respectively. For rest of the
numbers, we use . Examples: , , , and so on. The ordinals
must agree with noun in gender. Example:
first boy
second boy
257
third boy
Fractions:
Following is the list of the fractions:
1
1
1
2
2
2
...

...
...
...

Gujarati-English Learner's Dictionary Babu Suthar: A Nirman Foundation Project

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Gujarati-English Learner's Dictionary Babu Suthar: A Nirman Foundation Project

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Gujarati- English Learners Dictionary

A Nirman Foundation Project

Post alveolar vl.

Axy /\k.\.j\/ <\.k\.j\> adj.

Akb&0 /\k.b\n.d\/ <\.k\.b\~.dh\> adj. .

Axr /\k.\.r\/ <\.k\.r\> masc. .1. a

Ak6avu& /\k.a.vu~/ <\.k\.a.vu~> v.intr.

Axr /\k.\.r\/ <\.k\.r\> adj. .

Ak6avu& /\k.a.vu~/ <\.k\.a.vu~> v.intr.

Axr= /\k.\.r\.\.h\/ <\.k\.r\.\.h\>

AkmRk /\.k\r.m\.k/ <\.k\.rm\.k\> adj. .

Axa&= /\k.a~.\/ <\.ka~.s\> masc. a

AksIr /\k.sir/ <\.k\.sii.r\> adj. .

A`&6 /\.k\.\/ <\.kh\~.\> adj.

AkSmat /\.k\s.mat/ <\.k\.sma.t\> neut.

A`&&i6t /\.k\.it/ <\.kh\~.i.t\> adj. .

AkSmate /\.k\s.ma.te/ <\.k\.sma.te>

A`tro /\.k\t.ro/ <\.kh\.t\.ro> masc.

AkXam8 /\k.a.m\/ <\.k\.a.m\.\>

A`bar /\k.bar/ <\.kh\.ba.r\> neut. . a

AkXavu& /\k.a.vu~/ <\.k\.a.vu~> v.intr. .

A`a6o /\.ka.o/ <\.kha.do> masc. . a

Ak\kl /\k.k\l/ <\.kk\.l\> fem. . sense.

Ag8otr /\.g\.o.t\r/ <\.g\.o.t\.t\>

Axt /\k.\.t\/ <\.k\.t\> adj. .1. whole.

Ag*ya=I /\.g\.ja.i/ <\.g\.ja.ii> adj. .

AigyarI /\.gi.ja.ri/ <\.gi.ja.rii> fem. . a

AgMy /\.g\m.j\/ <\.g\.mj\> adj. .1.

Agrb]aI /\.g\r.b\t.ti/ <\.g\.r\.b\.ttii>

A3i4t /\.g\.it/ adj. improper.

Agv6 /\g.v\/ <\.g\.v\.\> fem.

A3ru& /\.g\.ru~/ <\.gh\.ru~> adj.

Agaw /\.ga.u~/ <\.ga.u> prep.. before.

Ac&bo /\.c\m.bo/ <\.c\~.bo> masc. .1. a

AgawnI /\.ga.u~.ni/ <\.ga.u.nii> adj. .

Acank /\.ca.n\k/ <\.ca.n\.k\> advb. .

Agaw9I /\.ga.u.ti/ <\.ga.u.thii> advb.

AcUk /\.cuk/ <\.cuu.k\> advb.

AgasI /\.ga.si/ <\.ga.sii> fem. . terrace.

A2t /\.c\t/ <\.ch\.t\> fem. .1.scarcity,

Aigyar /\.gi.jar/ <\.gi.ja.r\> adj.

A2tu& /\.c\.tu~/ <\.ch\.tu~> advb.

A}aan /\g.na.n\/ <\.gna.n\> neut. .

Ajgr /\.g\r/ <\.\.g\.r\> masc. . a

A}aanI /\g.na.ni/ <\.gna.nii> adj.

Ajb /\.\b/ <\.\.b\> adj. .1. strange, 2.

A4k /\.\k/ <\.\.k\> fem. .1. surname,

Ajmavvu& /\.mav.vu~/ <\.\.ma.v\.vu~>

A4kvu& /\.\k.vu~/ <\.\.k\.vu~> v.intr. . to

Ajmo /\.mo/ <\.\.mo> masc. . parsley

A4kX /\.k\/ <\.\.k\.\> fem. . an

AjvaXIyu& /\.va.i.u~/ <\.\.va.ii.ju~>

A4p4u& /\.p\.u~/ adj. <\.\.p\.u~>

A7I /\.i/ <\.hii> adj. . two and a

A6kvu& /\.\k.vu~/ <\.\.k\.vu~> v.tr. .to

A8gmo /\.g\.mo/ <\.\.g\.mo> masc.

A6`e p6`e /\.ke p\.ke/

A836 /\.g\/ <\.\.gh\.\> adj. .

A6g /\.\g/ <\.\.g\> adj. .1.

A80ayuR& /\.da.rju~/ <\.\.dha.rju~> adj.

A6talIs /\.ta.lis/ <\.\.ta.lii.s\> adj.

A8vr /\.v\r/ <\.\.v\.r\> masc. a

A6d /\.\d/ <\.\.d\> masc. a kind of