Chuyen de Bai Tap Toan Lop 4

Chuyn ton tiu hc
LP 4
BI 1 CC DNG TON THNG GP . I. MC TIU TIT DY : - HS n ! "#c $%n& ton '( cc )"*c &i+i $%n& ton n(y. - ,(! "#c !-t ./ )(i t01 n2n& c3o. - 45n 67 n8n& t9nh ton cho hc .inh . II. CHU:; <= - C2u h>i '( )(i t01 thu-c $%n& '?3 hc. - Cc 6i@n thAc cB Cin Du3n. III. CEC HFT GH;I DY HJC KL Mn Nnh tO chAc C*1. PL Qi! tR3 )(i cS. Ii hc .inh C(! )(i t01 ' nh( &iT tR"*cU IV .W3 chX3. YL Ii+n& )(i !*i. Dng 1 : S chn, !", #$% &'(n )*& ch+ &,n c-ng c./ 01& * Kin thc cn nh : - ChX ./ t0n cZn& c[3 K tOn& )\n& chX ./ t0n cZn& c[3 tOn& cc chX ./ h(n& ]n 'N c[3 cc ./ h%n& tRon& tOn& ^y. - ChX ./ t0n cZn& c[3 K t9ch )\n& chX ./ t0n cZn& c[3 t9ch cc chX ./ h(n& ]n 'N c[3 cc th?3 ./ tRon& t9ch ^y. - TOn& K _ P _ Y _ ` _ ...... _ a cB chX ./ t0n cZn& )\n& b. - T9ch K c Y c b c d c a cB chX ./ t0n cZn& )\n& b. - T9ch 3 e 3 6hfn& th cB t0n cZn& )\n& PU YU d hogc h. * Bi tp vn dng : <(i K: 3i ;@u tOn& c[3 P ./ tj nhin C( K ./ CkU the t9ch c[3 chln& cB th C( K ./ Ck "#c 6hfn&m )i ;@u t9ch c[3 P ./ tj nhin C( K ./ CkU the tOn& c[3 chln& cB th C( K ./ Ck "#c 6hfn&m ci nTOn&o '( nhipuo h3i ./ tj nhin cB th C( ./ chqnU '( ./ 6i3 C( Ck "#c 6hfn&m G%2% : 3i TOn& h3i ./ tj nhin C( !-t ./ CkU nh" '0y tOn& B &r! K ./ chqn '( K ./ CkU $o B t9ch c[3 chln& 1h+i C( K ./ chqn sQhfn& th C( !-t ./ Ck "#ci. )i T9ch h3i ./ tj nhin C( K ./ CkU nh" '0y t9ch B &r! P th?3 ./ u C( ./ CkU $o B tOn& c[3 chln& 1h+i C( K ./ chqnsQhfn& th C( !-t ./ Ck "#ci. ci ,^y nTOn&o c-n& '*i nhipuo t3 "#c P Ctn ./ C*nU tAc C( "#c K ./ chqn. V0y ntOn&o '( nhipuo 1h+i C( P ./ cZn& chqn hogc cZn& Ck sQhfn& th K ./ C( chqnU ./ 6i3 C( Ck "#ci. <(i ton P : Qhfn& ctn C(! t9nhU 6i! tR3 6@t Du+ c[3 1hu1 t9nh .3u 2y ln& h3y .3im 3U KdhY _ adha _ Ydb _ hvvK _ Pdad w PPd`` )U KhdP _ dhx _ Yd`h _ YdKh w KvKKb. cU bxd` c KxY w xKvdhY G%2% : 3U Q@t Du+ tRn C( .3i 'e tOn& c[3 b ./ Ck C( K ./ Ck. )U Q@t Du+ tRn C( .3i 'e tOn& c[3 cc ./ chqn C( K ./ chqn. cU Q@t Du+ tRn C( .3i 'e t9ch c[3 K./ chqn '*i )^t 6y K ./ n(o cSn& C( !-t ./ chqn. <(i Y : Te! ` ./ tj nhin Cin ti@1 cB t9ch )\n& P` vP` G%2% : T3 th^y tRon& ` ./ tj nhin Cin ti@1 the 6hfn& cB th?3 ./ n(o cB chX ./ t0n cZn& C( vz b 'e nh" th@ t9ch .{ t0n cZn& C( chX ./ v stRi '*i )(i toni Do B ` ./ 1h+i te! ch| cB th cB chX ./ t0n cZn& Cin ti@1 C( KU PU YU ` '( xU dU hU a T3 cB : P` vP` } Kv vvv w Kv c Kv c Kv c Kv P` vP` ~ Kxv vvv w Pv c Pv c Pv c Pv ;n t9ch c[3 ` ./ B C( : KK c KP c KY c K` hogc Kx c Kd c Kh c Ka CB : KK c KP c KY c K` w P` vP` Kx c Kd c Kh c Ka w aY vP`. V0y ` ./ 1h+i te! C( : KKU KPU KYU K`. <(i ` : CB th te! "#c P ./ tj nhin .3o cho hipu c[3 chln& nh2n '*i Kh "#c Kaha 6hfn&m
G%2% : T3 th^y ./ n(o nh2n '*i ./ chqn t9ch cSn& C( K ./ chqn. Kh C( ./ chqn !( Kaha C( ./ Ck. Ve '0y 6hfn& th te! "#c P ./ tj nhin !( hipu c[3 chln& nh2n '*i Kh "#c Kaha. <(i b : CB th te! "#c K ./ tj nhin n(o B nh2n '*i ch9nh nB Rri tR? i P h3y Y h3y dU h C%i "#c K ./ tRn chc h3y 6hfn&. G%2% : S/ tR? i PUY h3y dUh C( ./ tRn chc the 1h+i cB chX ./ t0n cZn& C( PUY h3y d hogc h. M( cc ./ tj nhin nh2n '*i ch9nh nB cB cc chX ./ t0n cZn& C( v UKU Ù bU xU a. Ve : K c K w K ` c ` w Kx d c d w à PcPw` b c b w Pb h c h w x` Y cY w a x cx w Yx a c a w hK Kv cKv w Kvv Do '0y 6hfn& th te! "#c ./ tj nhin nh" th@ . <(i x: CB ./ tj nhin n(o nh2n '*i ch9nh nB "#c 6@t Du+ C( !-t ./ 'i@t )i x chX ./ K 6hfn&m G%2% : Ii ./ 1h+i te! C( s } v i T3 cB : c w KKK KKK Ve K _ K _K _ K_ K_ K_ w x chi3 h@t cho Y nn KKK KKK chi3 h@t cho Y. Do '0y chi3 h@t cho YU !( chi3 h@t cho Y nn e chi3 h@t cho a nh"n& KKK KKK 6hfn& chi3 h@t cho a. V0y 6hfn& cB ./ n(o nh" th@ . <(i d: 3U S/ Kaav cB th C( t9ch c[3 Y ./ tj nhin Cin ti@1 "#c 6hfn&m G%2% : T9ch c[3 Y ./ tj nhin Cin ti@1 the chi3 h@t cho Y 'e tRon& Y ./ B Cufn cB K ./ chi3 h@t cho Y nn Kaav 6hfn& C( t9ch c[3 Y ./ tj nhin Cin ti@1 'e : K _ a _ a _ v w Ka 6hfn& chi3 h@t cho Y. )U S/ Kaab cB th C( t9ch c[3 Y ./ tj nhin Cin ti@1 6hfn&m Y ./ tj nhin Cin ti@1 the )3o &iT cSn& cB K ./ chqn 'e '0y !( t9ch c[3 chln& C( K ./ chqn !( Kaab C( K ./ Ck $o '0y 6hfn& 1h+i C( t9ch c[3 Y ./ tj nhin Cin ti@1. cU S/ KaaY cB 1h+i C( tOn& c[3 Y ./ tj nhin Cin ti@1 6hfn&m TOn& c[3 Y ./ tj nhin Cin ti@1 the .{ )\n& Y Ctn ./ &iX3 $o B ./ n(y 1h+i chi3 h@t cho Y. M( KaaY w K _ a _ a _ Y w PP Qhfn& chi3 h@t cho Y ;n ./ KaaY 6hfn& C( tOn& c[3 Y ./ tj nhin Cin ti@1. <(i h : T9nh K c P c Y c ` c b c ............ c `h c à t0n cZn& C( )3o nhiu chX ./ vm G%2% : TRon& t9ch B cB cc th?3 ./ chi3 h@t cho b C( : bU KvU KbU PvU PbU YvU YbU `vU `b. H3y b w K c b z Kv w P c b z Kb w Y c bz ........z `b w a c b. Mi th?3 ./ b nh2n '*i K ./ chqn cho t3 K ./ tRn chc. !( t9ch tRn cB Kv th?3 ./ b nn t9ch t0n cZn& )\n& Kv chX ./ v. <(i a : <%n To(n t9nh tOn& cc chqn tRon& 1h%! 'i t? Pv @n ah "#c PvPb. Qhfn& thjc hipn t9nh tOn& ! cho )i@t To(n t9nh ln& h3y .3im G%2% : TOn& cc ./ chqn C( K ./ chqnU 6@t Du+ to(n t9nh "#c PvPb C( ./ Ck $o '0y to(n t9nh .3i. <(i Kv : TZn& t9nh tOn& c[3 cc ./ Ck t? PK @n aa "#c PvPb. Qhfn& t9nh tOn& B ! cho )i@t TZn& t9nh ln& h3y .3im G%2% : T? K @n aa cB bv ./ Ck M( t? K @n Ka cB Kv ./ Ck. Do '0y TZn& t9nh tOn& c[3 ./ C"#n& cc ./ Ck C( : bv Kv w `v s./i T3 )i@t tOn& c[3 ./ C"#n& chqn cc ./ Ck C( K ./ chqn !( PvPb C( ./ Ck nn TZn& t9nh .3i. <(i KK : T9ch .3u t0n cZn& )\n& !^y chX ./ vm Pv c PK c PP c PY c . . . c Ph c Pa G%2% : T9ch tRn cB K ./ tRn chc C( Pv nn t9ch t0n cZn& )\n& K chX ./ v T3 C%i cB Pb w b c b nn P thX3 ./ b n(y 6hi nh2n '*i P .B chqn cho t9ch t0n cZn& )\n& P chX ./ v V0y t9ch tRn t0n cZn& )\n& Y chX ./ v. <(i KP : Ti@n C(! 1hu1 chi3 KaYb : a "#c th"]n& C( PKx '( 6&hfn& cn $". Qhfn& thjc hipn cho )i@t Ti@n C(! ln& h3y .3i. G%2% : Ve KaYb '( a u C( ./ CkU th"]n& &iX3 P ./ Ck C( K ./ Ck. Th"]n& Ti@n te! "#c C( PKx C( K ./ chqn nn .3i
<(i KY : Hup t9nh t9ch : P c Y c b c d c KK c KY c Kd c Ka c PY c Pa c YK c Yd w Y aaa Qhfn& t9nh t9ch ! cho )i@t Hup t9nh ln& h3y .3im G%2% : TRon& t9ch tRn cB K thX3 ./ C( b '( K th?3 ./ chqn nn t9ch 1h+i t0n cZn& )\n& chX ./ v. Ve '0y Hup t9nh .3i. <(i K` : T9ch .3u t0n cZn& )\n& )3o nhiu chX ./ v : KY c K` c Kb c . . . c PP G%2% : TRon& t9ch tRn cB th?3 ./ Pv C( ./ tRn chc nn t9ch t0n cZn& )\n& K chX ./ v. Th?3 ./ Kb 6hi nh2n '*i K ./ chqn cho K chX ./ v nX3 t9ch. V0y t9ch tRn cB P chX ./ v. <I T V ;H : <(i KL Qhfn& C(! 1hu1 t9nh hy cho )i@t 6@t Du+ c[3 !i 1hu1 t9nh .3u cB t0n cZn& )\n& chX ./ n(om 3U sK aaa _ P Ydh _ ` b`b _ d abxi sYKb _ bah _ dYx _ hai )U K c Y c b c d c a c . . . c aa cU x c Kx c KKx c K PKx c KK aax $U YK c `K c bK c xK c dK c hK c aK U bx c xx c dx c hx - bK c xK c dK c hK <(i PL T9ch .3u t0n cZn& )\n& )3o nhiu chX ./ v 3U K c P c Y c . . . c aa c Kvv )U hb c hx c hd c . . . c a` cU KK c KP c KY c . . . c xP <(i YL Qhfn& C(! t9nh cut c! 6@t Du+ .3u ln& h3y .3im Ii+i th9ch t%i .3om 3U KYx c KYx - `K w Kaxv )U 3) c 3) - hbbd w v <(i `L CB ./ n(o chi3 cho Kb $" h '( chi3 cho Kh $" a h3y 6hfn&m <(i bL Cho ./ 3 w KPY`bxdhaKvKKKPKYK`. . . "#c 'i@t )i cc ./ tj nhin Cin ti@1. S/ 3 cB t0n cZn& C( chX ./ n(om )i@t ./ 3 cB Kvv chX ./. <(i xL CB th te! "#c ./ tj nhin '( < .3o cho : s _ <i e s <i w PvvP. Dng 2: 34 &h5,& &6nh 7$ 85/n h9 g%+/ c(c &h$nh :h;n c./ :h*: &6nh Cc bi tp. <(i K: Qhi c-n& !-t ./ tj nhin cB ` chX ./ '*i !-t ./ tj nhin cB P chX ./U $o .] .u^t !-t hc .inh gt 1hu1 t9nh nh" .3u : 3)c$ _ & Hy cho )i@t 6@t Du+ c[3 1hu1 t9nh th3y Oi nh" th@ n(o . G%2% : Qhi gt 1hu1 t9nh nh" '0y the ./ h%n& thA h3i t8n& &^1 Kvv Ctn .T3 cB : TOn& !*i w SHK _ Kvv c SHP w SHK _ SHP _ aa c SHP wTOn& cS _ aa c SHP V0y tOn& !*i t8n& th! aa Ctn ./ h%n& thA h3i. <(i P : Qhi nh2n K ./ tj nhin '*i xdhaU )%n M0n gt t^t c+ cc t9ch Rin& thn& c-t '*i nh3u nh" tRon& 1hu1 c-n& nn "#c 6@t Du+ C( Pax Phv. Hy te! t9ch ln& c[3 1hu1 nh2n B. G%2% :Qhi gt cc t9ch Rin& thn& c-t '*i nh3u nh" tRon& 1hu1 c-n& tAc C( )%n M0n C^y th?3 ./ thA nh^t Ctn C"#t nh2n '*i aU hU d '( x Rri c-n& 6@t Du+ C%i. Do a _ h _ d _ x w Yv nn t9ch .3i Clc n(y )\n& Yv Ctn th?3 ./ thA nh^t. V0y th?3 ./ thA nh^t C( : Pax Phv : Yv w a hdx T9ch ln& C( : a hdx c xdha w xd v`h Kx` <(i Y : Qhi chi3 K ./ tj nhin cho `KU !-t hc .inh chu1 nht! chX ./ h(n& tR8! c[3 ./ )N chi3 C( Y th(nh h '( chX ./ h(n& ]n 'N C( h th(nh Y nn "#c th"]n& C( KbbU $" Y. Te! th"]n& ln& '( ./ $" tRon& 1hu1 chi3 B. G%2% : S/ )N chi3 tRon& 1hu1 chi3 .3i C( : `Kc Kbb _ Y w xYbh S/ )N chi3 c[3 1hu1 chi3 ln& C( : xhbY hu1 chi3 ln& C( : xhbY : `K w Kxd $" x
<(i ` : Hipu c[3 P ./ C( YYU C^y ./ C*n chi3 cho ./ nh> "#c th"]n& C( Y '( ./ $" C( Y. Te! P ./ B G%2% : Tho )(i R3 t3 cB S/ nh> : Y S/ C*n : YY S/ nh> C( : sYY - Yi : P w Kb S/ C*n C( : YY _ Kb w `h G1 ./ Kb '( `h. <(i b : H3i ./ th01 1h2n cB tOn& )\n& bbUPPz ;@u $Ti $û 1hy c[3 ./ )u .3n& tRi K h(n& Rri C^y hipu &iX3 ./ C*n '( nB t3 "#c YdU vd. Te! P ./ B. G%2% : Qhi $Ti $û 1hy c[3 ./ )u .3n& tRi K h(n& tAc C( t3 &i+! ./ )u i Kv Ctn Tho )(i R3 t3 cB .] r : YdUvd S/ C*n : bbUPP S/ )u : ;hen '(o .] r t3 th^y : KK Ctn ./ )u !*i C( : bbUPP - YdUvd w KhUKb S/ )u C( : KhUKb : KK c Kv w KxUb S/ C*n C( : bbUPP - KxUb w YhUP G1 ./ : S, : YhUPz S< : KxUb. <(i x : H3i ./ th01 1h2n cB hipu C( bUYd n@u $Ti $û 1hy c[3 ./ C*n .3n& tRi K h(n& Rri c-n& '*i ./ )u t3 "#c KKUabb. Te! P ./ B. G%2%: Qhi $Ti $û 1hy c[3 ./ C*n .3n& tRi K h(n& tAc C( t3 &i+! ./ B i Kv Ctn T3 cB .] r : S/ C*n : S/ )u : KLKv ./ C*n _ ./ )u w KKUabb !( ./ C*n - ./ )u w bUYd. Do B KK Ctn c[3 KLKv ./ C*n C( : KKUabb _ bUYd w KdUYPb S/ C*n C( : KdUYPb : KK c Kv w KbUdb S/ )u C( : KbUdb - bUYd w KvU Yh G1 ./ : S, : KbUdb z S< : KvU Yh. <(i d : Cf &io cho hc .inh C(! 1hu1 tR? !-t ./ cB Y chX ./ '*i !-t ./ cB P chX ./U !-t hc .inh n& tR9 'i@t ./ tR? $"*i c-t h(n& tR8! c[3 ./ )N tR? nn te! R3 hipu C( `hx. Te! h3i ./ BU )i@t hipu ln& C( dhY. G%2% : Qhi gt nh" '0y tAc C( )%n hc .inh B t8n& ./ tR? B Cn Kv Ctn. Do '0y hipu &i+! i a Ctn ./ tR?. S/ tR? C( : sdhY - `hxi : a w YY S/ )N tR? C( : dhY _ YY w hKx G1 ./ : S/ tR? : YY S/ )N tR? : hKx <(i h : Hipu P ./ tj nhin C( KY`. Vi@t th! K chX ./ n(o B '(o )n 1h+i ./ )N tR? '( &iX n&uyn ./ tR?U t3 cB hipu !*i C( PPad. Te! P ./ cho. G%2% : S/ )N tR? t8n& Cn Kv Ctn c-n& th! chX ./ 'i@t th! 3U the hipu !*i .o '*i hipu cS t8n& th! a Ctn c-n& '*i ./ 3. a Ctn ./ )N tR? _ 3 w PPad - KY` w PKxY s]n 'Ni Suy R3 sPKxY - 3i chi3 h@t cho a PKxY chi3 cho a "#c P` $" Y nn 3 w Y sv 3 ai
V0y chX ./ 'i@t th! C( Y S/ )N tR? C( : sPKxY - Yi : a w P`v S/ tR? C( : P`v - KY` w Kvx ThW C%i : P`vY - Kvx w PPad G1 ./ : S<T : P`vz ST : Kvx. <(i a : TOn& c[3 K ./ tj nhin '( K ./ th01 1h2n C( xPU`P. Qhi c-n& h3i ./ n(y K )%n Dun !^t $û 1hy ./ th01 1h2n '( gt t9nh c-n& nh" ./ tj nhin nn 6@t Du+ .3i C( Ybxa. Te! ./ th01 1h2n '( ./ tj nhin cho. G%2% : S/ th01 1h2n cB P chX ./ 1htn th01 1h2n nn Dun $û 1hy tAc C( t8n& ./ B Cn Kvv Ctn. ;h" '0y tOn& t8n& aa Ctn ./ B. Suy R3 ./ th01 1h2n C( : sYbxa xPU`Pi : aa w YbU`P S/ tj nhin C( : xPU`P - YbU`P w Pd G1 ./ : S/ th01 1h2n :YbU`P z S/ tj nhin : Pd. <(i Kv : Qhi nh2n Pb` '*i K ./ cB P chX ./ &i/n& nh3uU )%n Ho3 gt cc t9ch Rin& thn& c-t nh" tRon& 1hu1 c-n& nn te! R3 6@t Du+ .o '*i t9ch ln& &i+! i KxvvP ]n 'N. Hy te! ./ cB h3i chX ./ B. G%2% : Ii th?3 ./ thA h3i C( 33 Qhi nh2n ln& t3 cB Pb` c 33 h3y Pb` c 3 c KK Qhi gt .3i t9ch Rin& tAc C( C^y Pb` c 3 _ Pb` c 3 w Pb` c 3 c P V0y t9ch &i+! i Pb` c 3 c a Suy R3 : Pb` c a c 3 w KxvvP 3 w KxvvP : sPb` c ai w d V0y th?3 ./ thA h3i C( dd. <(i KK : Qhi nh2n K ./ '*i PYb K hc .inh .] gt t9ch Rin& thA P '( Y thn& c-t '*i nh3u nn te! R3 6@t Du+ C( KvPhb. Hy te! t9ch ln&. G%2% : Qhi nh2n !-t ./ '*i PYbU hc .inh B gt P t9ch Rin& cu/i thn& c-t nh" tRon& 1hu1 c-n&U tAc C( ! B Ctn C"#t nh2n '*i bU '*i YvU '*i Pv Rri c-n& )3 6@t Du+ C%i . V0y : c b c c Yv c c Pv w Kv Phb c bb w Kv Phb w Kv Phb : bb w Khd V0y t9ch ln& C(: Khd c PYb w `Y a`b <(i KP: Te! )3 ./ )i@t hipu c[3 ./ C*n nh^t '( ./ )u nh^t C( KUhdb '( 6hi nh2n !i ./ Ctn C"#t '*i hU KvUK` the "#c )3 t9ch )\n& nh3u. G%2%: Ve t9ch c[3 ./ C*n nh^t '*i h )\n& t9ch c[3 ./ )u nh^t '*i K` nn t3 cB .] r S/ C*n nh^t : S/ )u nh^t : S/ C*n nh^t C( : KUhdb : s K` - h i c K` w ÙYdb S/ )u nh^t C( : ÙYdb - KUhdb w PUb S/ &iX3 C( : PUb e K` : Kv w YUb G1 ./ : PUb z YUb z ÙYdb. *Bi tp v nh: <(i K : Qhi c-n& K ./ tj nhin '*i KvdU K hc .inh chu1 nht! ./ h%n& thA P th(nh Kvvd nn "#c 6@t Du+ C( Kaax. Te! tOn& ln& c[3 P ./ B. <(i P : Qhi nh2n K ./ tj nhin '*i b `PYU K hc .inh gt cc t9ch Rin& thn& c-t '*i nh3u nh" tRon& 1hu1 c-n& nn "#c 6@t Du+ C( Pd a``. Te! t9ch ln& c[3 1hu1 nh2n B. <(i Y : Qhi chi3 K ./ tj nhin cho KvKU K hc .inh Oi ch chX ./ h(n& tR8! '( h(n& ]n 'N c[3 ./ )N chi3U nn nh0n "#c th"]n& C( xb '( $" Kvv. Te! th"]n& '( ./ $" c[3 1hu1 chi3 B.
<(i ` : Cho P ./U n@u C^y ./ C*n chi3 cho ./ nh> "#c th"]n& C( d '( ./ $" C*n nh^t cB th cB "#c C( `h. Te! P ./ B. <(i b : H3i ./ th01 1h2n cB tOn& C( KbUhh. ;@u $Ti $û 1hy c[3 ./ )u .3n& 1h+i K h(n&U Rri tR? i ./ C*n the "#c vUKP. Te! P ./ B. <(i x : M-t 1hu1 chi3 cB th"]n& C( x '( ./ $" C( Y. TOn& c[3 ./ )N chi3U ./ chi3 '( ./ $" )\n& Kab. Te! ./ )N chi3 '( ./ chi3. <(i d : TOn& c[3 P ./ th01 1h2n C( KxUPx. ;@u t3 t8n& ./ thA nh^t Cn b Ctn '( ./ thA h3i Cn P Ctn the "#c P ./ cB tOn& C( `YUP. Te! P ./. <(i h : So .nh t9ch : KUaaY e KaaUa '*i t9ch KaUax e KaUax <(i a : M-t hc .inh 6hi nh2n K ./ '*i Pvd Dun !^t chX ./ v c[3 ./ Pvd nn 6@t Du+ .o '*i t9ch ln& &i+! x KPv ]n 'N. Te! th?3 ./ B. <(i Kv : ,^y K ./ ! chi3 cho dP the "#c ./ $" C( Ph. CSn& ./ B ! chi3 cho db the "#c ./ $" C( d th"]n& c[3 P 1hu1 chi3 C( nh" nh3u. Hy te! ./ B. Dng < : B$% &'(n !%=n 85/n >?n >%@5 A%9n ch%/ h?&B C Bi tp vn dng a.Loi ton vit s t nhi!n th"o d#$ hi%$ chi& ht <(i K : Hy thi@t C01 cc ./ cB Y chX ./ 6hc nh3u t? ` chX ./ vU Ù bU a tho+ !n iu 6ipn 3U Chi3 h@t cho P )U Chi3 h@t cho ` cU Chi3 h@t cho P '( b G%2% : 3U Cc ./ chi3 h@t cho P cB t0n cZn& )\n& v hogc `. Mgt 6hc !i ./ u cB cc chX ./ 6hc nh3uU nn cc ./ thi@t C01 "#c C( b`vz bv` a`vz av` `bvz ab` abvz ba` àv bav )U T3 cB cc ./ cB Y chX ./ chi3 h@t cho ` "#c 'i@t t? ` chX ./ cho C( : b`vz bv`z a`vz av` cU S/ chi3 h@t cho P '( b 1h+i cB t0n cZn& v. V0y cc ./ ctn te! C( b`vz `bvzàv a`vz abvz bav . <(i P: V*i cc chX ./ KU PU YU Ù b t3 C01 "#c )3o nhiu ./ cB ` chX ./ chi3 h@t cho bm G%2%: M-t ./ chi3 h@t cho b 6hi t0n cZn& C( v hogc b. V*i cc ./ KU PU YU Ù t3 'i@t "#c ` c ` c ` w x`./ cB Y chX ./ V0y '*i cc ./ KU PU YU Ù b t3 'i@t "#c x` ./ cB b chX ./ sCB t0n cZn& C( bi b' Loi ton d(ng d#$ hi%$ chi& ht )* )in vo ch+ s ch,& bit . $%n& n(y: -;@u ./ 1h+i te! chi3 h@t cho P hogc b the tR"*c h@t $j3 '(o $û hipu chi3 h@t cc Nnh chX ./ t0n cZn& . -DZn& 1h"]n& 1h1 thW chn 6@t h#1 '*i cc $û hipu chi3 h@t cn C%i c[3 ./ 1h+i te! cc Nnh cc chX ./ cn C%i . <(i Y:Th3y c '( y '(o Kaax cy "#c ./ chi3 h@t cho PU bU a. G%2% : S/ 1h+i te! chi3 h@t cho b '0y y 1h+i )\n& v hogc b. S/ 1h+i te! chi3 h@t cho P nn y 1h+i C( ./ chqn T? B .uy R3 y w v . S/ 1h+i te! cB $%n& Kaax e v. S/ 1h+i te! chi3 h@t cho a '0y sK _a _ a_ x _ c ichi3 h@t cho a h3y sPb _ ci chi3 h@t cho a .Suy R3 c w P. S/ 1h+i te! C( : KaaxPv. <(i `: Cho n w 3 Ydh ) C( ./ tj nhin cB b chX ./ 6hc nh3u. Te! t^t c+ cc chX ./ 3 '( ) th3y '(o t3 $"#c ./ n chi3 h@t cho Y '( ` . G%2% : - n chi3 h@t cho ` the h) 1h+i chi3 h@t cho `. V0y ) w vU ` hogc h - n cB b chX ./ 6hc nh3u nn ) w v hogc ` - Th3y ) w v the n w 3Ydhv _ S/ 3Ydhv chi3 h@t cho Y the 3 w YU x hogc a _ S/ n cB b chX ./ 6hc nh3u nn 3 w x hogc a T3 "#c cc ./ xY dhv '( aYvdhv tho+ !n iu 6ipn c[3 )(i - Th3y ) w ` the n w 3Ydh` _ S/ 3Ydh` chi3 h@t cho Y the 3 w PU b hogc h _ S/ n cB b chX ./ 6hc nh3u nn 3 w P hogc b. T3 "#c cc ./ PYdh` '( bY dh` tho+ !n iu 6ipn )(i Cc ./ 1h+i te! xY dhvz aY dhvz PY dh`z bY dh`.
c.Cc bi ton v vn dng t-nh ch#t chi& ht c.& /0t t1ng v /0t hi%$ . - Cc t9nh ch^t th"Tn& .W $n& tRon& Co%i n(y C( : . ;@u !i ./ h%n& c[3 tOn& u chi3 h@t cho P the tOn& c[3 chln& cSn& chi3 h@t cho P . ;@u S<T '( ST u chi3 h@t cho P the hipu c[3 chln& cSn& chi3 h@t cho P . M-t ./ h%n& 6hfn& chi3 h@t cho PU cc ./ h%n& cn C%i chi3 h@t cho P the tOn& 6hfn& chi3 h@t cho P . Hipu c[3 K ./ chi3 h@t cho P '( K ./ 6hfn& chi3 h@t cho P C( K ./ 6hfn& chi3 h@t cho P. sT9nh ch^t n(y t"]n& tj /i '*i cc tR"Tn& h#1 chi3 h@t 6hci <(i b : Qhfn& C(! 1hu1 t9nh cut c! cc tOn& '( hipu $"*i 2y cB chi3 h@t cho Y h3y 6hfn& . 3U `ba _ xav K PYx )U P `b` - Yd` G%2% : 3U `baU xavU K PYx u C( ./ chi3 h@t cho Y nn `ba _ xav _ K PYx chi3 h@t cho Y )U P`b` chi3 h@t cho Y '( Yd` 6hfn& chi3 h@t cho Y nn P`b` - Yd` 6hfn& chi3 h@t cho Y. <(i x : TOn& 6@t n8! hc PvvK- PvvP !-t tR"Tn& tiu hc cB `xP hc .inh tin ti@n '( Kab hc .inh cu^t . c. ;h( tR"Tn& $j Nnh th"n& cho hc .inh cu^t . c nhiu h]n hc .inh tin ti@n P Duyn ' K !. Cf '8n th" t9nh 1h+i !u3 Kaax Duyn the '?3 [ 1ht th"n&. H>i cf '8n th" t9nh ln& h3y .3i m 'e .3om G%2% : T3 th^y ./ HS tin ti@n '( ./ HS cu^t . c u C( nhXn& ./ chi3 h@t cho Y 'e '0y ./ ' th"n& cho !i Co%i HS 1h+i C( K ./ chi3 h@t cho Y. Suy R3 tOn& ./ ' 1ht th"n& cSn& C( K ./ chi3 h@t cho YU !( Kaax 6hfn& chi3 h@t cho Y } V0y cf '8n th" t9nh .3i. d. Cc bi ton v ph2p chi& c3 d, Co%i n(y ctn C"u : - ;@u 3 : P $" K the chX ./ t0n cZn& c[3 3 C( KU YU bU dU a - ;@u 3 : b $" K the chX ./ t0n cZn& c[3 3 1h+i C( K hogc x z 3 : b $" P the chA ./ t0n cZn& 1h+i C( P hogc d . . . - ;@u 3 '( ) cB cZn& ./ $" 6hi chi3 cho P the hipu c[3 chln& cSn& chi3 h@t cho P - ;@u 3 : ) $" ) - K the 3 _ K chi3 h@t cho ) - ;@u 3 : ) $" K the 3 - K chi3 h@t cho ) <(i d : Cho 3 w c`bay. Hy th3y cU y )i nhXn& chX ./ th9ch h#1 6hi chi3 3 cho PU bU a u $" K G%2% : T3 nh0n th^y : - 3 : b $" K nn y )\n& K hogc x - Mgt 6hc 3 : P $" K nn y 1h+i )\n& K. S/ 1h+i te! cB $%n& 3w c`baK - c`baK chi3 cho a $"K nn c _ ` _ b _ a _ K chi3 cho a $" K. '0y c chi3 h@t cho a .uy R3 c w v hogc a. M( c C( chX ./ tu tin c[3 K ./ nn 6hfn& th )\n& v '0y c w a S/ 1h+i te! C( : a`baK <(i h : Te! ./ tj nhin nh> nh^t .3o cho 6hi chi3 ./ B cho P $" KU cho Y $" PU cho ` $" YU cho b $" Ù cho x $" bU cho d $" x G%2% : Ii ./ 1h+i te! C( 3 the 3 _ K chi3 h@t cho PU YU Ù bU x '( d nh" '0y 3 _ K cB t0n cZn& C( chX ./ v 3 _ K 6hfn& C( ./ cB K chX ./. ;@u 3 _ K cB P chX ./ the 3 _ K t0n cZn& C( chX ./ v C%i chi3 h@t cho d nn 3 _ K w dv sCo%i 'e dv 6hfn& chi3 h@t cho Yi TR"Tn& h#1 3 _ K cB Y chX ./ the cB $%n& cyv . S/ cyv chi3 h@t cho ` nn y 1h+i )\n& vU PU Ù x hogc h . S/ cyv chi3 h@t cho d nn cy )\n& K`z PKz Phz Ybz `Pz àz bxz xYz dvz ddz h`z aK hogc ah . S/ cyv chi3 h@t cho Y the c _ y _ v chi3 h@t cho Y Q@t h#1 cc iu 6ipn tRn the 3 _ K w `Pv '0y 3 w `Ka G1 ./ : `Ka. e. Vn dng tnh cht chia ht v chia cn d gii ton c l i v!n <(i a : TOn& ./ HS 6h/i K c[3 !-t tR"Tn& tiu hc C( K ./ cB Y chX ./ '( chX ./ h(n& tR8! C( Y. ;@u c@1 h(n& Kv '( h(n& KP u $" hU !( c@1 h(n& h the 6hfn& cn $". T9nh ./ HS 6h/i K cu|3 tR"Tn& B. G%2% : Tho )(i the ./ HS 6h/i K B cB $%n& Y3). Cc ! c@1 h(n& Kv $" h '0y ) w h. Th3y '(o t3 "#c ./ Y3h. Mgt 6hcU cc ! c@1 h(n& KP $" h nn Y3h - h w Y3v 1h+i chi3 h@t cho KP .uy R3 Y3v chi h@t cho Y. .uy R3 3 w vU YU x hogc a. T3 cB cc ./ YYvz Yav 6hfn& chi3 h@t cho KP 'e '0y ./ HS 6h/i K C( Yvh hogc Yxh !. ./ Yvh 6hfn& chi3 h@t cho h '0y ./ HS 6h/i K c[3 tR"Tn& B C( Yxh !. Bi tp v nh : <(i K : Cho ` chX ./ vU KU b '( h. Hy C01 cc ./ cB Y chX ./ 6hc nh3u tho+ !n iu 6ipn 3U Chi3 h@t cho x )U Chi3 h@t cho Kb <(i P : Hy cc Nnh cc chX ./ 3) 6hi th3y '(o ./ x3à) t3 "#c ./ chi3 h@t cho :
3U PU b '( a )U P '( a <(i Y : Qhfn& C(! 1hu1 t9nh cut c! cc tOn& '( hipu "*i 2y cB chi3 h@t cho Y h3y 6hfn& 3U K PYx _ P Kbb _ `P dvP )U aP xKx - `h YdP <(i ` : Te! ./ tj nhin nh> nh^t .3o cho 6hi chi3 ./ B cho YU Ù b u $" K '( chi3 cho d the 6hfn& $". <(i b : M-t cfn& ty cB ./ cfn& h"n& !Ac C"]n& Yxv vvv. S/ 6hc h"n& !Ac àb vvvU ./ cn C%i h"n& xdP vvvL thn&. S3u 6hi 1ht C"]n& thn& d cho cfn& nh2n cf 6@ ton c-n& h@t PdY hKb vvv. H>i cf 6@ ton t9nh ln& h3y .3im t%i .3om <(i x : ,*1 b c@1 h(n& PU h(n& YU h(n& ` "#c !-t ./ h(n& 6hfn& th?3 )%n n(o. ;@u C^y tOn& cc h(n& c@1 "#c B the "#c Ya h(n&. H>i C*1 b cB )3o nhiu )%n. Dng 4 : B%D5 &hEc 7$ :h*: &6nh !%=n 85/n >?n &6nh g%( &FG #%D5 &hEc Bi tp vn dng <(i K : Cho h3i )iu thAc : w sdvv e ` _ hvvi : KUx < w sYbv e h _ hvvi : YUP Qhfn& t9nh ton c thU hy &i+i th9ch c! &i tRN )iu thAc n(o C*n h]n '( C*n h]n !^y Ctnm G%2% : ut cB dvv c ` w dvv : P c P c ` w Ybv c h n@n/ )N chi3 c[3 c+ h3i )iu thAc '( < &i/n& nh3u nh"n& ./ chi3 &^1 fi nh3u sYUP : KUx w Pi nn cB &i tRN &^1 fi <. <(i P : T9nh &i tRN c[3 cc )iu thAc .3u )\n& cch th9ch h#1 3U KdUbh c `Y _ bd c KdUbh )U `YUbd c PUx c sxYv YKb c Pi cU $U
U aUh _ hUd _ dUx _ . .._PUK KUP PUY YU` - . . .- hUa G%2% : 3U KdUbh c `Y _ bd c KdUbh w KdUbh c `Y _ KdUbh c bd st9nh &i3o honi w KdUbh c s`Y _ bdi w KdUbh c Kvv w Kdbh snh2n K ./ '*i K tOn&i )U `YUbd c PUx c sxYv YKb c Pi w `YUbd c PUx c sxYv xYvi w `YUbd c PUx c v w v cU
`b Kx Kd `b Kb + Ph vUKh KPYv + vUa `bxd P + Y bYKv vUx K + ` + d + Kv + ... + bP + bb `K`
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`b Kx Kd `b sKb + Ki Kd w `b Kb + Px `b Kb + Ph `b Kb + `b Kd `b Kb + Ph 4 w w w wK `b Kb + Ph `b Kb + Ph 4 vUKh KPYv + vUa `bxd P + Y bYKv vUx K + ` + d + Kv + ... + bP + bb `K` vUKh KPY + svUa Pi `bxd + sY vUxi bYKv w sK + bbi Ka `K` P KUh KPY + KUh `bxd + KUh bYKv w Ph Ka `K` KUh 5 sKPY + `bxd + bYKvi w Kh
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KUh 5Kvvvv w Kvvv Kh
./ chi3U t? K t*i bb C( cc ./ !( P ./ Cin ti@1 h]n 6u! nh3u Y ]n 'N nn t? K @n bb cB sbb Ki :Y _ K w Ka ./i. cU aUh _ hUd _ dUx _ . . . _ PUK KUP PUY YU` - . . . hUa w sKaUh hUai _ shUd dUhi _ . . . _sPUK KUPi
w vUa _ vUa _ vUa _ vUa _ vUa w vUa c b w Ùb. <(i Y :Te! : 3Us _ Ki _ s _ ì _ s _di _s _ Kvi _ . . . _ s _ Phi w Kbb G%2% : s _ Ki _ s _ ì _ s _ di _ ... _s _ Phi w Kbb T3 nh0n th^y P ./ h%nh Cin ti@1 c[3 tOn& h]n 6u! nh3u Y ]n 'N nn tOn& "#c 'i@t ty [ .{ cB Kv ./ h%n& sPh Ki : Y _ K w Kvi s _ K _ _ Phi c Kv : P w Kbb s c P _ Pai c Kv w Kbb c P w YKv sTe! ./ )N chi3i c P _ Pa w YKv : Kv w YK sTe! th?3 ./ tRon& K t9chi c P w YK Pa w P sTe! ./ h%n& tRon& K tOn&i w P : P w K s Te! th?3 ./ tRon& K t9chi. <(i ` : Vi@t cc tOn& .3u th(nh t9ch c[3 P th?3 ./ : 3U KYP _ dd _ Kah )U bbbb _ xdxd _ dhdh cU KaadU Kaad _ KaahU Kaah _ KaaaU Kaaa G%2% : 3U KYP _ dd _ Kah w KK c KP _ KK c d _ KK c Kh w KK c sKP _ d _ Khi s nh2n K ./ '*i K tOn&i w KK c Yd )U bbbb _ xdxd _ dhdh w bb c KvK _ xd c KvK _ dh c KvK w sbb _ xd _ dhi c KvK w Pvv c KvK cU KaadU Kaad _ KaahU Kaah _ KaaaU Kaaa w Kaad c KUvvvK _ Kaah c KUvvvK _ Kaaa c KUvvvK w sKaad _ Kaah _ Kaaai c KUvvvK w baa` c KUvvvK s nh2n K tOn& '*i K ./i <(i b : Te! &i tRN ./ tj nhin c[3 3 )iu thAc .3u cB &i tRN C*n nh^tU &i tRN C*n nh^t B C( )3o nhium < w Kaav _ dPv : s3 xi G%2% : ut < w Kaav _ dPv : s3 xi < C*n nh^t 6hi th"]n& c[3 dPv : s3 xi C*n nh^t. Qhi B ./ chi3 1h+i nh> nh^tU 'e ./ chi3 6hc v nn 3 x w K sC( nh> nh^ti Suy R3 : 3 w d V*i 3 w d the &i tRN C*n nh^t c[3 < C( : Kaav _ dPv : K w PdKv. Bi tp v nh <(i K : Th! $û 1hu1 t9nh '( $û n&ogc ]n '(o b chX ./ Y "#c 6@t Du+ Ctn C"#t C( : KU PU YU Ù b. <(i P : Te! : 3U c Kaaa w Kaaa c KaaUh )U s c vUPb _ Kaaai c Pvvv w ssbY _ Kaaai c Pvvv cU dK _ xb c ` w
6 + K`v _ Pxv 6
<(i Y : Te! &i tRN ./ c[3 )iu thAc .3u : w 3 _ 3 _ 3 _ 3 _ . . . _ 3 aa scB aa ./ 3i V*i 3 w KvvK. <(i ` : Te! &i tRN ./ tj nhin 3 )iu thAc .3u cB &i tRN C*n nh^tU &i tRN nh> nh^t C( )3o nhium C w s3 Yvi c s3 Pai c . . . c s3 Ki Dng " : C(c #$% &'(n 7@ >%@n ch+ 7$' :h*: &6nh * Bi tp vn dng <(i K: Gin chX ./ th9ch h#1 '(o $û tRon& 1hu1 t9nh .3u : 3i `YP )i
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Kaah 5Kaax + Kaad 5KK + Kahb Kaad 5Kaax Kaab 5Kaax
Kahh 5Kaax + Kaad 5KK + Kahb Kaad 5Kaax Kaab 5Kaax

w w
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Kahh 5Kaax + Kaax 5KK + KK + Kahb Kaax 5 P Kaaa 5Kaax + Kaax w P 5Kaax sKaaa + Ki 5Kaax w P 5Kaax
w
Pvvv 5Kaax w Kvvv P 5Kaax
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)U KPY` c bxdh c sxYv YKbi : Kaax cU
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sK + P + ` + h + ... + bKPi 5sKvK5KvP KvK5KvK bv bKi z P + ` + h + Kx + ... + KvP` + Pv`h
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Tn D3 Gipn H(n Tipn S]n ;&h $3 v v ipn v v c h(n c v v tipn v .]n v v v <c Tipn 6hfn& C(! th# .]n. <c Tipn C( ! R c[3 )c th# h(n nn )c Tipn 6hfn& C(! th# h(n <c Tipn ch| cB th C( th# $3 hogc th# ipn. ;@u )c Tipn C(! th# $3 the )c D3 C( th# ipn. ;h" '0y )c Tipn '?3 C( ! R c[3 )c th# tipn '?3 C( ! R c[3 )c th# h(n !( '# )c Tipn ch| cB P 3nh !. Giu n(y 'f C9. <c Tipn C( th# ipn <c D3 '( )c th# .]n C( P 3nh ! cZn& h nn )c D3 6hfn& 1h+i C( th# .]n. Tho C01 Cu0n tRn )c D3 6hfn& C( th# tipn <c D3 C( th# h(n. <(i ` : TRn )(n C( Y cu/n .ch &io 6ho3 : V8nU Ton '( GN3 C9 "#c )c Y !(u 6hc nh3u : 3nhU > U '(n&. Cho )i@t cu/n )c )e3 !(u > gt &iX3 P cu/n V8n '( GN3 C9U cu/n GN3 C9 '( cu/n !(u c3nh !u3 cZn& K n&(y. <%n hy cc Nnh !i cu/n .ch )c )e3 !(u &em G%2% : T3 cB )+n& .3u : Tn .ch V8n Ton GN3 M(u )e3 3nh > '(n& c K v ` c b c P v x v Y
d h a Tho )(i nCu/n )e3 !(u > gt &iX3 P cu/n V8n '( GN3 C9o . V0y cu/n .ch V8n '( GN3 C9 u 6hfn& gt !(u > cho nn cu/n ton 1h+i )c !(u >. T3 &hi ./ v '(o f ` '( xU nh $û c '(o f b. Mgt 6hcU nCu/n GN3 C9 '( cu/n !(u c3nh !u3 cZn& n&(yo. Giu B cB n&h3 R\n& cu/n GN3 C9 6hfn& )c !(u c3nh. T3 &hi ./ v '(o f Y. - ;hen '(o c-t thA ` t3 th^y cu/n N3 C9 6hfn& )c !(u c3nhU cSn& 6hfn& )c !(u >. V0y cu/n GN3 C9 )c !(u '(n&. T3 nh $û c '(o f a. - ;hen '(o c-t P '( f a t3 th^y cu/n V8n 6hfn& )c !(u >U cSn& 6hfn& )c !(u '(n&. V0y cu/n V8n )c !(u c3nh. T3 nh $û c '(o f K. Kt 8$n : Cu/n V8n )c !(u c3n!hU cu/n Ton )c !(u >U cu/n GN3 C9 )c !(u '(n&. Bi tp v nh : <(i K : IiT V8n cf &io tR+ )(i 6i! tR3. </n )%n Tu^nU HZn&U ,3nU u2n n&ri cZn& )(n u %t i! h tR Cn. IiT R3 ch]i h"]n& h>i i! c[3 ` )%nU Tu^n tR+ CTi : - ,3n 6hfn& %t i! KvU !enh '( u2n 6hfn& %t i! a cn HZn& 6hfn& %t i! h. HZn& the nBi : - Menh 6hfn& %t i! KvU ,3n 6hfn& %t i! a cn Tu^n '( u2n u 6hfn& %t i! h. <%n hy cho )i@t !i n&"Ti %t !^y io!m. <(i P : Y &Bc '"Tn tRrn& c2y c+nh c[3 fn& n-i tRrn& ` 6hB! ho3 clcU hupU hrn& '( $]n. <i@t R\n& h3i &Bc '"Tn 1h93 t2y '( 1h93 ) c 6hfn& tRrn& hup. QhB! hup tRrn& &iX3 6hB! clc '( &Bc '"Tn 1h93 n3!U cn 6hB! $]n the tRrn& &iX3 6hB! hrn& '( &Bc '"Tn 1h93 ) c. <%n hy cho )i@t !i &Bc '"Tn fn& n-i tRrn& ho3 &em <(i Y : <3 th(y &io $%y Y !fn'8nU tonU C9 tR chuypn '*i nh3u. Th(y $%y C9 nh0n cut : n<3 chln& !enh cB tn tRZn& '*i Y !fn chln& t3 $%yU nh"n& 6hfn& 3i cB tn tRZn& '*i !fn !enh $%yo. Th(y $%y ton h"n& An& : nnh nBi ln&o. ! hy cho )i@t !i th(y $%y !fn &em <(i ` : TRon& ! $% h-i n&o%i n&XU Y cf &io $%y ti@n& ;&3U ti@n& nh '( ti@n& ;h0t "#c &i3o 1h tRch. Cf ;&3 nBi '*i cc ! : n<3 cf $%y Y thA ti@n& tRZn& '*i tn c[3 cc cfU nh"n& ch| cB K cf cB tn tRZn& '*i thA ti@n& !enh $%yo. Cf $%y ti@n& ;h0t nBi th! : nCf ;&3 nBi ln&o Rri ch| '(o cf ;&3 nBi ti@1 : n4^t ti@c cf tn C( ;&3 !( C%i 6hfn& $%y ti@n& ;&3o. ! hy cho )i@t !i cf &io $%y ti@n& &em <(i b : <3 th(y &io V8nU SWU Ho $%y Y !fn '8nU .WU ho tRon& B ch| cB K th(y cB tn tRZn& '*i !fn !enh $%y. H>i !i th(y $%y !fn &eU )i@t th(y $%y !fn ho 9t tuOi h]n th(y '8 th(y .W.
IIW PHXNG PHP LZ[ CH\N T]NH HR^NG Bi tp vn dng : <(i K : TRon& 6e thi HS &i>i t|nh cB ` )%n h"]n&U D"]n&U Hi@uU H\n& th3! &i3. G"#c h>i Du !i n&"Ti 2u t3 nh0n "#c cc c2u tR+ CTi .3u : h"]n& : D"]n& Th8n& ,on& cn tfi u3n& TRun& D"]n& : Tfi cSn& u3n& TRun& cn Hi@u Th8n& ,on& Hi@u : Qhfn&U tfi hlc Th(nh cn H\n& Hip1 Ho( H\n& : TRon& cc c2u tR+ CTi tRn u cB K 1htn ln& K 1htn .3i. ! hy cc Nnh Du c[3 !i )%n. G%2% : Ve tRon& !i c2u tR+ CTi u cB K 1htn ln& '( K 1htn .3i nn cB cc tR"Tn& h#1 : - Ii+ .W D"]n& Th8n& ,on& C( ln& h"]n& u3n& TRun& C( .3i Hi@u Th8n& ,on& C( ln& Giu n(y 'f C9 'e D"]n& '( Hi@u cZn& Th8n& ,on&. - Ii+ .W D"]n& Th8n& ,on& C( .3i h"]n& u3n& TRun& '( $o B D"]n& u3n& TRun& C( .3i Hi@u Th8n& ,on& Hi@u hlc Th(nh C( .3i H\n& Hip1 Ho( Cn C%i D"]n& hlc Th(nh. <(i P : ;8! )%n nhU <enhU ClcU Do3nU n Du b t|nh : < c ;inhU H( T2yU Ctn Th]U ;&hp nU Tin Ii3n&. Qhi "#c h>i Du t|nh n(oU cc )%n tR+ CTi nh" .3u : nh : Tfi Du < c ;inh cn Do3n ;&hp n <enh : Tfi cSn& Du < c ;inh cn Clc Tin Ii3n& Clc : Tfi cSn& Du < c ;inh cn Do3n H( T2y Do3n : Tfi Du ;&hp n cn n Ctn Th] n : Tfi Du Ctn Th] cn nh H( T2y ;@u !i c2u tR+ CTi u cB K 1htn ln& '( K 1hh(n .3i the Du !i )%n 2um G%2% : Ve !i c2u tR+ CTi cB K 1htn ln& '( K 1htn .3i nn cB cc tR"Tn& h#1 : - ;@u nh < c ;inh C( ln& Do3n 6hfn& ;&hp n . <enh '( Clc < c ;inh C( .3i Clc Tin Ii3n& '( Do3n H( T2y. Do3n ;&hp n C( .3i n Ctn Th] '( nh H( T2y C( .3i. Cn )%n <enh ;&hp n sVe ` )%n Du ` t|nh Rrii - ;@u nh < c ;inh C( .3i Do3n ;&hp n Do3n H( T2y C( .3i Clc < c ;inh. T? B <enh < c ;inh 1h+i .3i Clc Tin Ii3n& Giu n(y 'f C9 'e clc '?3 < c ;inh '?3 Tin Ii3n& sCo%ii V0y : nh < c ;inhz Clc Tin Ii3n&z Do3n H( T2yz n Ctn Th] '( <enh ;&hp n. <(i Y : Cl1 Ti&R ah cB ` -i Ct '(o 'n& )n 6@t : Vipt ;3!U Sin&31oRU Thi ,3n '( Infnci3. TR"*c 6hi '(o û 'n& )n 6@t )3 )%n DSn&U u3n&U Tu^n $j on nh" .3u DSn& : Sin&31oR nheU cn Thi ,3n )3. u3n& : Vipt ;3! nheU cn Thi ,3n t". Tu^n : Sin&31oR nh^t '( Infnci3 nhe. Q@t Du+ !i )%! $j on ln& !-t -i '( .3i !-t -i. H>i !i -i %t &i+i !^y m G%2% : - ;@u Sin&31o R%t &i+i nhe the Sin&31o R 6hfn& %t &i+i nh^t.V0y tho Tu^n the Infn ci3 %t &i+i nhe. Giu n(y 'f CU 'e h3i -i u %t &i+i nhe . - ;@u Sin&31 R6hfn& %t &i+i nhe the tho DSn&U Thi ,3n %t &i+i )3. ;h" '0y Thi ,3n 6hfn& %t &i+i t". Tho u3n&U Vipt ;3! %t &i+i nhe.Th@ the Infn ci36hfn& %t &i+i nhe. V0y tho Tu^nUSin&31o R %t &i+i nh^tU cu/i cZn& cn -i Infn ci3 %t &i+i t". Q@t Cu0n : ThA tj &i+i c[3 cc -i tRon& cl1 Ti&R ah C( : ;h^t : Sin&31oR z ;he : Vipt ;3!. <3 : Thi ,3n z T" : Infnci3 <(i ` : Ii3 enh ,3n cB b n&"Ti :fn& n-iU )/U !U ,3n '( ! Ho(n&. Sn& ch[ nh0t c+ nh( th9ch i c! ci@c nh"n& ch| !u3 "#c P 'u. Mi n&"Ti tRon& &i3 enh cu^t b 6i@n : Ho(n& '( ,3n i </ '( ! i n& '( )/ i M '( Ho(n& i
Ho(n& '( )/ i. Cu/i cZn& !i n&"Ti rn& '*i n&hN c[3 ,3n 'e tho n&hN B the !i n&hN c[3 ` n&"Ti cn C%i tRon& &i3 enh u "#c tho+ !n K 1htn. <%n hy cho )i@t 3i i c! ci@c hf! B. G%2% : T3 nh0n cut : - ;@u chn n&hN thA nh^t the n&hN thA h3i )N )c )> ho(n to(n. V0y 6hfn& th chn n&hN thA nh^t. - ;@u chn n&hN thA h3i the n&hN thA nh^t )N )c )> ho(n to(n. V0y 6hfn& th chn n&hN thA h3i. - ;@u chn n&hN thA )3 the n&hN thA t" )N )c )> ho(n to(n. V0y 6hfn& th chn n&hN thA )3. - ;@u chn n&hN thA t" the n&hN thA )3 )N )c )> ho(n to(n. V0y 6hfn& th chn n&hN thA t". - ;@u chn n&hN thA n8! the c+ ` n&hN tRn u tho+ !n !-t 1htn '( )c )> !-t 1htn. V0y .n& hf! B Ho(n& '( )/ i c! ci@c. Bi tp v nh : <(i K : TRon& K cu-c ch%y thi ` )%n nU <enhU C"Tn&U DSn& %t ` &i+i : nh^tU nheU )3U t". Qhi "#c h>i : <%n DSn& %t &i+i !^y the ` )%n tR+ CTi : n : Tfi nheU <enh nh^t. <enh : Tfi cSn& nheU DSn& )3. C"Tn& : Tfi !*i nheU DSn& t". DSn& : Y )%n nBi cB K ln& K .3i. ! cho )i@t !i )%n %t !^ym <(i P : TO ton c[3 K tR"Tn& 1hO thfn& tRun& hccB b n&"Ti : Thty HZn&U thty u2nU cf V2nU cf H%nh '( cf Clc. Qy n&h| h5 c+ tO "#c P 1hi@u i n&h| !t. Mi n&"Ti u nh"Tn& nh3uU th(y hipu tR"n& n&hN !i n&"Ti cu^t K 6i@n. Q@t Du+ nh" .3u : K. Th(y HZn& '( th(y u2n i. P. Th(y HZn& '( cf V2n i Y. Th(y u2n '( cf H%nh i. `. Cf Clc '( cf H%nh i. b. Th(y HZn& '( cf H%nh i. Cu/i cZn& th(y hipu tR"n& Duy@t Nnh chn n&hN c[3 cf ClcU 'e tho n&hN B the !i n&hN u tho+ !n K 1htn '( )c )> K 1htn. <%n hy cho )i@t 3i i n&h| !t tRon& 6y n&h| h5 Bm <(i Y : <3 )%n u2nU HZn& '( M%nh '?3 %t &i+i nh^tU nhe '( )3 tRon& 6y thi ton Du/c t@. <i@t R\n& : K. Qhfn& cB hc .inh tR"Tn& chuyn n(o %t &i+i c3o h]n u2n. P. ;@u u2n %t &i+i th^1 h]n !-t )%n n(o B the u2n 6hfn& 1h+i C( hc .inh tR"Tn& chuyn. Y. Ch| cB ln& K )%n 6hfn& 1h+i C( hc .inh tR"Tn& chuyn `. ;@u HZn& '( M%nh %t &i+i nhe the !%nh %t &i+i c3o h]n )%n Du H+i hn&. <%n hy cho )i@t !i )%n %t &i+i n(om )%n n(o 6hfn& hc tR"Tn& chuyn '( )%n n(o Du H+i hn&. <(i ` : Th(y ;&hi! "#c nh( tR"Tn& cW "3 ` hc .inh ,U HuyU Ho(n&U Ti@n i thi û in 6inh. Q@t Du+ cB Y ! %t &i+i nh^tU nheU )3 '( K ! 6hfn& %t &i+i. Qhi ' tR"Tn& !i n&"Ti h>i 6@t Du+ cc ! tR+ CTi nh" .3u : , : Menh %t &i+i nhe ho8c )3. Huy : Menh %t &i+i nh^t. Ho(n& : Menh %t &i+i nh^t. Ti@n : Menh 6hfn& %t &i+i. ;&h con& th(y ;&hi! !|! c"Ti '( nBi : nCh| cB Y )%n nBi th0tU cn K )%n nBi Z3o. <%n hy cho )i@t hc .inh n(o nBi Z3U 3i %t &i+i nh^t '( 3i 6hfn& %t &i+i. <(i b : Cl1 uRo ax cB ` -i Ct '(o 'n& )n 6@t : GAcU C-n& ho( SucU nh '( h1. TR"*c 6hi thi û Y )%n HZn&U TRun& '(GAc $j on nh" .3u : HZn& : GAc nh^t '( h1 nhe TRun& : GAc nhe '( nh )3 GAc : C-n& ho( Suc nhe '( nh t". Q@t Du+ !i )%n$j on !-t -i ln&U !-t i .3i. H>i !i -i %t &i+i !^ym IIIW GIYI B_NG BI`R ab LcN TRon& 6hi &i+i )(i tonU n&"Ti t3 th"Tn& $Zn& nhXn& "Tn& con& 69n !f t+ !/i Du3n hp &iX3 cc %i C"#n& tRon& )(i ton. ;hT .j !f t+ n(y !( t3 &i+i "#c )(i ton K cch thu0n C#i. ;hXn& "Tn& con& nh" th@ &i C( )iu r 'n. <(i K : G 1hc ' cho h-i n&hN Du/c t@U )3n tO chAc huy -n& Yv cn )- 1hin $Nch ti@n& nhU Pb cn )- 1hin $Nch ti@n& h1U tRon& B KP cn )- 1hin $Nch "#c c+ P thA ti@n& nh '( h1. H>i : 3U <3n tO chAc huy -n& t^t c+ )3o nhiu cn )- 1hin $Nch cho h-i n&hN B.
)U CB )3o nhiu cn )- ch| $Nch "#c ti@n& nhU ch| $Nch "#c ti@n& h1m G%2% : S/ C"#n& cn )- 1hin $Nch "#c )3n tO chAc huy -n& cho h-i n&hN t3 !f t+ )\n& .] r 'n. Ti@n& h1 Ti@n& nh
;hen '(o .] r t3 cB : S/ cn )- ch| 1hin $Nch "#c ti@n& nh C( : Yv KP w Kh sn&"Tii S/ cn )- ch| 1hin $Nch "#c ti@n& h1 C( : Pb KP w KY sn&"Tii S/ cn )- 1hin $Nch "#c )3n tO chAc huy -n& C( : Yv _ KY w `Y sn&"Tii G1 ./ : `Yz Khz KY n&"Ti. <(i P : ,*1 a cB Yv ! th3! &i3 $% h-i ti@n& nh '( ti@n& TRun&U tRon& B cB Pb ! nBi "#c ti@n& nh '( Kh ! nBi "#c ti@n& tRun&. H>i cB )3o nhiu )%n nBi "#c c+ P thA ti@n&m G%2% : Cc ! C*1 a th3! &i3 $% Ti@n& TRun& Ti@n& nh h-i "#c !f t+ )\n& .] r Kh Pb 'n.
S/ hc .inh ch| nBi "#c ti@n& TRun& C( : Yv Pb w b s!i S/ hc .inh ch| nBi "#c ti@n& nh C( : Yv Kh w KP s!i S/ ! nBi "#c c+ P thA ti@n& C( :Yv sb _ KPi w KY s!i G1 ./ : KY !. <(i Y : CB Pvv hc .inh tR"Tn& chuyn n&X th3! &i3 $% h-i ti@n& ;&3U TRun& '( nh. CB xv )%n ch| nBi "#c ti@n& nhU hv )%n nBi "#c ti@n& ;&3U av )%n nBi "#c ti@n& TRun&. CB Pv )%n nBi "#c P thA ti@n& ;&3 '( TRun&. H>i cB )3o nhiu )%n nBi "#c Y thA ti@n&m G%2% : Ti@n& nh xv Y Ti@n& ;&3 hv
Ti@n& TRun& av S/ hc .inh nBi "#c ti@n& ;&3 hc ti@n& TRun& C( : Pvv xv w K`v s)%ni S/ hc .inh nBi "#c P thA ti@n& ;&3 '( TRun& C( : sav _ hvi K`v w Yv s)%ni S/ hc .inh nBi "#c c+ Y thA ti@n& C( : Yv Pv w Kv s)%ni G1 ./ : Kv )%n. <(i ` : TRon& K h-i n&hN cB Kvv %i )iu th3! $jU !i %i )iu nBi "#c !-t hogc h3i tRon& )3 thA ti@n& : ;&3U nh hogc h1. CB Ya %i )iu ch| nBi "#c ti@n& nhU Yb %i )iu nBi "#c ti@n& h1U h %i )iy nBi "#c c+ ti@n& nh '( ti@n& ;&3. H>i cB )3o nhiu %i )iu ch| nBi "#c ti@n& ;&3m nh Ya h1 Yb
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S/ %i )iu nBi "#c ti@n& h1 hogc ;&3 C( : Kvv Ya w xK s%i )iui S/ %i )iu nBi "#c ti@n& ;&3 nh"n& 6hfn& nBi "#c ti@n& h1 C( : xK Yb w Px s%i )iui S/ %i )iu ch| nBi "#c ti@n& ;&3 C( : Px h w Kh s%i )iui G1 ./ : Kh %i )iu. Bi tp v nh : <(i K : ,*1 b cB Kb )3n 8n& 69 hc n&o%i 6ho !fn V8nU KP )%n 8n& 69 hc n&o%i 6ho !fn TonU tRon& B cB d )%n 8n& 69 hc c+ V8n '( Ton . H>i 3U CB )3o nhiu )%n 8n& 69 hc V8n hogc Tonm )U CB )3o nhiu )%n ch| 8n& 69 hc V8nm ch| 8n& 69 hc Tonm <(i P : TRn K h-i n&hN cc %i )iu .W $n& !-t hogc h3i tRon& Y thA ti@n& : ;&3U nh hogc h1. CB Yv %i )iu nBi "#c ti@n& h1U Yb %i )iu ch| nBi "#c ti@n& nhU Pv %i )iu ch| nBi "#c ti@n& ;&3 '( Kb %i )iu nBi "#c c+ ti@n& nh '( ti@n& ;&3. H>i h-i n&hN B cB )3o nhiu %i )iu th3! $jm <(i Y : </n !"]i ! hc .inh c[3 tR"Tn& $j thi Y !fn : nu! t%U ch%y '( ctu. TRon& -i cB h ! ch| thi nu! t%U Pv ! thi ch%y '( Kh ! thi ctu. H>i cB )3o nhiu ! '?3 thi ch%y '?3 thi ctum <(i ` : G-i tuyn thi hc .inh &i>i c[3 t|nh cB Pb ! thi V8n '( Pd ! thi tonU tRon& B cB Kh ! '?3 thi V8n '?3 thi ton. H>i -i tuyn hc .inh &i>i P !fn V8n '( Ton c[3 t|nh cB )3o nhiu !m ILW PHXNG PHP SRS LRTN aXN GIYN Bi tp vn dng : <(i K : TRon& K n&fi n cB Y 'N thtn n&ri c%nh nh3u. Thtn th0t th( sCufn Cufn nBi th0ti z Thtn $/i tR sCufn nBi $/ii z Thtn 6hfn n&o3n sClc nBi th0tU Clc nBi $/ii. M-t nh( ton hc h>i K 'N thtn )n tRi : i n&ri c%nh n&(im - Thtn th0t th(. ;h( ton hc h>i n&"Ti &iX3 : - ;&(i C( 3im - ,( thtn 6hfn n&o3n. ;h( ton hc h>i n&"Ti )n 1h+i - i n&ri c%nh n&(im - Thtn $/i tR. Hy cc Nnh tn c[3 cc 'N thtn. G%2% : C+ Y c2u h>i c[3 nh( ton hc u nh\! cc Nnh K thfn& tin : Thtn n&ri &iX3 C( thtn &em Q@t Du+ cB Y c2u tR+ CTi 6hc nh3u. T3 th^y thtn n&ri )n tRi 6hfn& 1h+i C( thtn th0t th( 'e n&(i nBi n&"Ti n&ri &iX3 C( thtn th0t th(. Thtn n&ri &iX3 cSn& 6hfn& 1h+i C( thtn th0t th( 'e n&(i nBi : Tfi C( thtn 6hfn n&o3n Thtn n&ri )n 1h+i C( thtn th0t th( &iX3 C( thtn $/i tR )n tRi C( thtn 6hfn n&o3n. B$% Q : M-t hf! 3nh u3n& !3n& Duyn C)u! R3 &i*i thipu '*i !i n&"Ti. C"Tn& ch| '(o (n fn& tRon& +nh '( h>i 3nh u3n& : ;&"Ti (n fn& n(y cB Du3n hp th@ n(o '*i 3nhm nh u3n& )5n tR+ CTi : <( n-i c[3 chN &i '# 3nh ^y C( chN &i c[3 )( n-i '# tfi. <%n cho )i@t 3nh u3n& '( n&"Ti (n fn& ^y Du3n h '*i nh3u nh" th@ n(om G%2% : <( n-i c[3 chN &i '# 3nh ^y cSn& ch9nh C( )( n-i c[3 '# 3nh ^y. <( n-i c[3 '# 3nh ^y C( chN &i c[3 )( n-i '# 3nh u3n&. V# 3nh ^y '( '# 3nh u3n& C( chN ! con $e con &i(. Do '0y 3nh u3n& '( n&"Ti (n fn& ^y C( P 3nh ! R h. B$% < : CB K thZn& jn& KP C9t $tu ho+. <\n& K c3n a C9t '( Kc3n b C9t C(! th@ n(o C^y R3 "#c x C9t $tu t? thZn& B : G%2% : ,tn C3n a C9t C3n b C9t ThZn& KP C9t K v b d P b v d Y b b P ` a K P b v K KK x K v KK d K b x
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G%2%: Ii ./ 1h+i te! C( 3). Vi@t th! chX ./ vcn &iX3 chX ./ h(n& chc '( h(n& ]n 'N t3 "#c ./ 3v). Tho )(i R3 t3 cB : 3) c Kv w 3v) V0y ) w v '( ./ 1h+i te! cB $%n& 3vv. Vi@t th! chX ./ K '(o )n tRi ./ 3vv t3 "#c ./ K3vv. Tho )(i R3 t3 cB : K3vv w Y c 3vv Ii+i R3 t3 "#c 3 w b .S/ 1h+i te! C( bv L'% Q : k'( #l& 01& ch+ c./ 01& &j nh%=n B$% 1: Cho ./ cB ` chX ./ . ;@u t3 co i chX ./ h(n& chc '( h(n& ]n 'N the ./ B &i+! i ``bb ]n 'N. Te! ./ B. G%2% : Ii ./ 1h+i te! C( 3)c$. o i chX ./ h(n& chc '( h(n& ]n 'N t3 "#c ./ 3). Tho )(i t3 cB 3)c$ 3) w ``bb Kvv c 3) _ c$ 3) w ``bb c$ _ Kvv c 3) 3) w ``bb c$ _ aa c 3) w ``bb c$ w aa c s`b 3)i T3 nh0n cut t9ch c[3 aa '*i K ./ tj nhin C( K ./ tj nhin nh> h]n Kvv. Cho nn `b 3) 1h+i )\n& v hogc K. - ;@u `b 3) w v the 3) w `b '( c$ w v. - ;@u `b 3) w K the 3) w `` '( c$ w aa. S/ 1h+i te! C( `bvv hogc `àa. L'% < : S &j nh%=n 7$ &mng, h%95, &6ch c(c ch+ c./ nn B$% 1 : Te! !-t ./ cB P chX ./U )i@t R\n& ./ B &^1 b Ctn t>n& cc chX ./ c[3 nB. G%2% : Cch K : Ii ./ 1h+i te! C( 3). Tho )(i R3 t3 cB 3) w b c s3 _ )i Kv c 3 _ ) w b c 3 _ b c ) Kv c 3 b c 3 w b c ) ) sKv bi c 3 w sb Ki c ) bc3w`c) T? 2y .uy R3 ) chi3 h@t cho b. V0y ) )\n& v hogc b. _ ;@u ) w v the 3 w v sCo%ii _ ;@u ) w b the b c 3 w PvU '0y 3 w `. S/ 1h+i te! C( `b. Cch P : Tho )(i R3 t3 cB 3) w b c s 3 _ )i Ve b c s3 _ )i cB t0n cZn& )\n& v ho8c b nn ) )\n& v hogc b. _ ;@u ) w v th3y '(o t3 cB : 3b w b c s3 _ bi Kv c 3 _ b w b c 3 _ Pb T9nh R3 t3 "#c 3 w `. ThW C%i : `b : s` _ bi w b . V0y ./ 1h+i te! C( `b. B$% Q : Te! !-t ./ cB P chX ./U )i@t R\n& ./ chi3 cho hipu cc chX ./ c[3 nB "#c th"]n& C( Ph '( $" K G%2% : Ii ./ 1h+i te! C( 3) '( hipu cc chX ./ c[3 nB )\n& c. Tho )(i R3 t3 cB : 3) w c c Ph _ KU '0y c )\n& KU P hogc Y. _ ;@u c w K the 3) w Pa. ThW C%i : a P w d K sCo%ii _ ;@u c w P the 3) w bd. ThW C%i : d b w P z bd : P w Ph s$" Ki _ ;@u cw Y the 3) w bh. ThW C%i : h b w Y z hb : Y w Ph s$" Ki V0y ./ 1h+i te! C( hb '( bd. B$% < : Te! !-t ./ tj nhin cB Y chX ./U )i@t R\n& ./ B &^1 b Ctn t9ch cc chX ./ c[3 nB. G%2% : Cch K : Ii ./ 1h+i te! C( 3)c. Tho )(i R3 t3 cB
3)c w b c 3 c ) c c. Ve 3 c b c ) c c chi3 h@t cho b nn 3)c chi3 h@t cho b. V0y c w v hogc bU nh"n& c 6hfn& th )\n& vU '0y c w b. S/ 1h+i te! cB $%n& 3)b. Th3y '(o t3 cB. Kvv c 3 _ Kv c ) _ b w Pb c 3 c ). Pv c 3 _ P c ) _K w b c 3 c ). Ve 3 c b c ) chi3 h@t cho b nn P c ) _ K chi3 h@t cho b. V0y P c ) cB t0n cZn& )\n& ` hogc aU nh"n& P c ) C( ./ chqn nn ) w P hogc d. - TR"Tn& h#1 ) w P t3 cB 3Pb w b c 3 c P. V@ tRi C( ./ Ck !( '@ 1h+i C( ./ chqn. V0y tR"Tn& h#1 ) w P )N Co%i. - TR"Tn& h#1 ) w d t3 cB Pv c 3 _ Kb w Yb c 3. T9nh R3 t3 "#c 3 w K. ThW C%i : Kdb w b c d c b. V0y ./ 1h+i te! C( Kdb. Cch P : T"]n& tj c3ch K t3 cB : 3)b w Pb c 3 c ) V0y 3)b chi3 h@t cho PbU .uy R3 ) w P hogc d. Mgt 6hcU 3)b C( ./ Ck cho nn3U ) 1h+i C( ./ Ck .uy R3 ) w d. Ti@1 tho t"]n& tj cch K t3 te! "#c 3 w K. S/ 1h+i te! C( Kdb. L'% 4 : S' (nh &mng h'hc >%@n IJ5 B$% 1 : Cho w 3)c _ 3) _ Kaad < w K3)a _ a3c _ a) So .nh '( < G%2% : T3 th^y : < w Kvva _ 3)v _ avv _ 3c _ av _ ) w Kaaa _ 3)v _ 3v _ c _ ) w Kaaa _ 3)c _ 3) . . . 3 } < B$% Q : So .nh tOn& '( <. w 3)c _$ _ KaaP < w Ka)c _ $K _ 3a Ii+i : T3 th^y : < w Kavv _ )c _ $v _ K _ 3vv _ _ av w 3)c _ $ _ KaaK T? B t3 .uy R3 } <. #$% < : Gin $û K3Px _ `)` _b)c 3)c _ Kaad 3)c _ !vvv !v)c _ 3vv cb _ bc cc _bx QBQB Dng Q : 34 &h5,& &6nh 7$ 85/n h9 g%+/ c(c :h*: &6nhB B$% 1 : TOn& c[3 h3i ./ &^1 fi ./ thA nh^t. Te! th"]n& c[3 P ./ B. G%2% : T3 cB : ST; _ STP w TOn&. M( tOn& &^1 fi ST; nn ST; w STP .uy R3 th"]n& c[3 P ./ B )\n& K. B$% Q : M-t 1hu1 chi3 cB th"]n& C( x '( ./ $" C( YU tOn& c[3 ./ )N chi3U ./ chi3 '( ./ $" )\n& Kab. Te! ./ )N chi3 '( ./ chi3. G%2% : Ii ./ )N chi3 C( U ./ chi3 C( < T3 cB : : < w x s$" Yi h3y w < c x _ Y V( : _ < _ Y w Kab _ < w Kaab Y w KaaP. Y : KaP <: < w sKaaP Yi : sx _ Ki w Pd w Pd c x _ Y w Kxb. B$% < : Hipu c[3 P ./ C( YYU C^y ./ C*n chi3 cho ./ nh> "#c th"]n& C( Y '( ./ $" C( Y. Te! P ./ B. G%2% : Y S/ C*n : YY S/ )u :
S/ )u C( : sYY Yi : P w Kb S/ C*n C( : YY _ Kb w `h G1 ./ : S, `h z S< Kb. Bi tp v nh : B$% 1 : Te! K ./ cB P chX ./U )i@t R\n& 6hi 'i@t th! ./ PK '(o )n tRi ./ B t3 "#c K ./ C*n &^1 YK Ctn ./ 1h+i te!. B$% Q : Te! K ./ cB Y chX ./U )i@t R\n& 6hi 'i@t th! chX ./ a '(o )n tRi ./ B t3 "#c ./ C*n &^1 Px Ctn ./ 1h+i te!. B$% < : Te! K./ cB P chX ./U )i@t R\n& 6hi 'i@t th! chX ./ b '(o )n 1h+i ./ B t3 "#c ./ C*n h]n ./ 1h+i te! PYv ]n 'N. B$% 4 : Cho ./ cB Y chX ./U n@u t3 co chX ./ h(n& tR8! the ./ B &i+! i b Ctn. Te! ./ B. B$% o : te! !-t ./ tj nhin cB h3i chX ./U )i@t R\n& ./ B C*n &^1 )3 Ctn t9ch cc chX ./ c[3 nB . B$% H : Cho w 3)c$ _ 3)c _ PvvK < w 3)bx _ Kc$h _ 3ac _ d)b So .nh '( < B$% K : Cho h3i ./U n@u C^y ./ C*n chi3 cho ./ nh> t3 "#c th"]n& C( d '( ./ $" C*n nh^t cB th cB "#c C( `h. Te! h3i ./ B. B$% p : Te! ./ cB h3i chX ./ )i@t tOn& cc chX ./ c[3 ./ B )\n& ./ Ck nh> nh^t cB h3i chX ./U cn chX ./ h(n& ]n 'N C*n h]n chX ./ h(n& chc Y ]n 'N QB<B Dng < : Th$nh !,: 7$ &6nh &mngB B$% 1 : Cho ` chX ./ vU YU h '( a. 3U Vi@t "#c t^t c+ )3o nhiu ./ cB ` chX ./ 6hc nh3u t? ` chX ./ cho. )U Te! ./ C*n nh^tU ./ nh> nh^t cB ` chX ./ 6hc nh3u "#c 'i@t t? ` chX ./ cho. cU Te! ./ Ck C*n nh^tU ./ chqn nh> nh^t cB ` chX ./ 6hc nh3u "#c 'i@t t? ` chX ./ cho.
G%2% : Chn Y C(! chX ./ h(n& n&henU t3 cB cc ./ : h a : Yvha v a h : Yvah v a : Yhva Y h a v : Yhav v h : Yavh
h v : Yahv
;hen '(o .] r tRn t3 th^y : T? ` chX ./ cho t3 'i@t "#c x ./ cB chA ./ h(n& n&hen )\n& Y tho+ !n iu 6ipn c[3 )(i. ChX ./ v 6hfn& th An& 'N tR9 h(n& n&hen. V0y .B cc ./ tho+ !n iu 6ipn c[3 )(i C(: x c Y w Kh s./i Cch P : ,tn C"#t chn cc chX ./ h(n& n&henU h(n& tR8!U h(n& chc '( h(n& ]n 'N nh" .3u : - cB Y cch chn chX ./ h(n& n&hen c[3 ./ tho+ !n iu 6ipn )(i s'e ./ v 6hfn& th An& 'N tR9 h(n& n&heni. - CB Y cch chn chX ./ h(n& tR8! sB C( Y chX ./ cn C%i 6hc chX ./ h(n& n&heni - CB P cch chn chX ./ h(n& chc sB C( P chX ./ cn C%i 6hc chX ./ h(n& n&hen '( h(n& tR8!i. - CB K cch chn chX ./ h(n& ]n 'N sB C( chX ./ cn C%i 6hc h(n& n&henU h(n& tR8! '( h(n& chci. V0y cc ./ 'i@t "#c C( : Y c Y c P c K w Kh s./i )U S/ C*n nh^t cB ` chX ./ 6hc nh3u "#c 'i@t t? ` chX ./ cho 1h+i cB chX ./ h(n& n&hen C( chX ./ C*n nh^t sTRon& ` chX ./ choi. V0y chX ./ h(n& n&hen c[3 ./ 1h+i te! )\n& a. ChX ./ h(n& tR8! 1h+i C( chX ./ C*n nh^t tRon& Y chX ./ cn C%i. V0y chX ./ h(n& tR8! )\n& h. ChX ./ h(n& chc C( chX ./ C*n tRon& P chX ./ cn C%i. V0y chX ./ h(n& chc C( Y. S/ 1h+i te! C( ahYv. T"]n& tj 1htn tRn t3 nh0n "#c ./ )u nh^t tho+ !n iu 6ipn c[3 )(i C( Yvha. cU S/ Ck C*n nh^t tho+ !n iu 6ipn c[3 )(i 1h+i cB chX ./ h(n& n&hen C( ./ C*n nh^t tRon& ` chX ./ cho. V0y chX ./ h(n& n&hen c[3 ./ 1h+i te! )\n& a. S/ 1h+i te! cB chX ./ h(n& n&hen )\n& a '( C( ./ Ck nn chX ./ h(n& ]n 'N 1h+i )\n& Y. ChX ./ h(n& tR8! 1h+i C( chX ./ C*n nh^t tRon& h3i chX ./ cn C%iU nn chX ./ h(n& tR8! 1h+i )\n& h. V0y ./ 1h+i te! C( ahYv. T"]n& tj ./ chqn nh> nh^t C( Yvah. B$% Q : Vi@t Cin ti@1 Kb ./ Ck tu tin "#c !-t ./ tj nhin. Hy co i Kb chX ./ c[3 ./ tj nhin '?3 nh0n "#c !( 'n &iX n&uyn thA tj cc chX ./ cn C%i k "#c : 3U S/ C*n nh^t. )U S/ nh> nh^t. Vi@t cc ./ B. G%2% : Vi@t Kb ./ Ck tu tin Cin ti@1 t3 "#c ./ tj nhin : K Y b d a KK KY Kb Kd Ka PK PY Pb Pd Pa G .3u 6hi co Kb chX ./ t3 nh0n "#c ./ C*n nh^t the chX ./ &iX C%i tu tin 6 t? )n tRi 1h+i C( chX ./ a. V0y tR"*c h@t t3 co ` chX ./ tu tin c[3 $y KU YU bU d. S/ cn C%i C( : a KK KY Kb Kd Ka PK PY Pb Pd Pa T3 1h+i co ti@1 Kb ` w KK chX ./ cn C%i "#c ./ C*n nh^t. G .3u 6hi co nh0n "#c ./ C*n nh^t the chX ./ thA h3i 6 t? )n tRi 1h+i C( chX ./ a. V0y ti@1 tho t3 1h+i co ti@1 nhXn& chX ./ 'i@t &iX3 h3i chX ./ a tRon& $yU B C( KK KY Kb Kd K. S/ cn C%i C( : aaP KPY PbP dPa. T3 1h+i co ti@1 KK a w P chX ./ t? ./ cn C%i "#c ./ C*n nh^t. ChX ./ thA )3 cn C%i 6 t? )n tRi 1h+i C( PU '0y "#c ./ C*n nh^t .3u 6hi co P chX ./ t3 1h+i co ./ KP hogc PK. V0y ./ C*n nh^t 1h+i C( a aPY PbP dPa. )U ,01 Cu0n t"]n& tj c2u 3. ./ 1h+i te! C( K KKK KKK KPP B$% < : Cho Y chX ./ PU Y '( b. Hy C01 t^t c+ cc ./ cB Y chX ./ !( !i ./ cB [ Y chX ./ cho. H>i : 3U ,01 "#c !^y ./ nh" th@ )U Mi chX ./ An& !i h(n& !^y Ctnm cU T9nh tOn& cc ./. G%2% : 3U T3 C01 "#c x ./ .3u PYb YPb bPY PbY YbP bYP )U Mi chX ./ An& !i h(n& P Ctn. cU TOn& cc ./ B C( : sP _ Y _ bi c P c Kvv _ sP _ Y _ bi c P c Kv _ sP _ Y _ bi c K w Kv c P c sKvv _ Kv _ Ki w Kv c P c KKK w PPPv B$% 4 : Cho ` chX ./ KU PU YU `. Hy C01 t^t c+ cc ./ cB ` chX ./ !( !i ./ cB [ ` chX ./ cho. T9nh tOn& cc ./ B.
G%2% : Chn chX ./ K h(n& n&hen t3 C01 "#c x ./ .3u : KPY` KYP` K`PY KP`Y KY`P K`YP T3 th^y !i chX ./ An& !i h(n& x Ctn. V0y tOn& cc ./ C01 "#c : sK _ P _ Y _ ì c Kvvv c x _ sK _ P _ Y _ ì c Kvv c x _ sK _ P _ Y _ ì c Kv c x _ sK _ P _ Y _ ì c K c x w Kv c x c sKvvv _ Kvv _ Kv _ Ki w xv c KKKK w xxxxv. B$% o : Cho b chX ./ KU PU YU Ù b. Hy C01 t^t c+ cc ./ cB b chX ./ !( !i ./ cB [ b chX ./ cho. T9nh tOn& G%2% : Chn chX ./ K h(n& chc n&hen t3 C01 "#c P` ./ T"]n& tj nn t3 C01 "#c P` c b w KPv s./i TOn& C( : sK _ P _ Y _ ` _ bi c Kvvvv c P` _ sK _ P _ Y _ ` _ bi c Kvvv c P` _ sK _ P _ _ Y _ ` _ bi c Kvv c P` _ sK _ P _ Y _ ` _ bi c Kv c P` _ sK _ P _ Y _ ` _ bi c c K c P` w sK _ P _ Y _ ` _ bi c P` c KKKKK w Kb c P` c KKKKK w Yaaaaxv B$% H : Cho Y chX ./ YU YU `. Hy C01 t^t c+ cc ./ cB Y chX ./ !( !i ./ cB [ Y chX ./ cho !( !i chX ./ tRn ch| 'i@t K Ctn. T9nh tOn& cc ./ B. G%2% : T3 C01 "#c Y ./ YYÙ Y`YU `YY TOn& cc ./ : sY _ Y _ ì c Kvv c K _ sY _ Y _ ì c Kv _ sY _ Y _ ì c K w Kv c sKv _ Kv _ Ki w Kv c KKK w KKKv. B$% K : Cho ` chX ./ : PU PU bU K. Hy C01 t^t c+ cc ./ cB ` chX ./ !( !i ./ cB [ ` chX ./ cho. T9nh tOn& G%2% : - Chn chX ./ K h(n& n&hen t3 C01 "#c cc ./ : KPPb KbPP KPbP - Chn chX ./ b h(n& n&hen t3 cSn& C01 "#c Y ./. - Chn chX ./ P h(n& n&hen t3 C01 "#c x ./ PKbP PPbK PbKP PKPb PPKb PbPK V0y t3 C01 "#c KP ./. TOn& C( : sK _ P _ P _ bi c Kvvv c Y _ sK _ P _ P _ bi c Kvv c Y _ sK_ P _ P _ bi c K c Y w sK _ P _ P _ bi c Y c KKKK w Kv c Y c KKKK w YYYYv B$% p : Cho Y chX ./ vU YU d. Hy C01 t^t c+c cc ./ cB Y chX ./ .3o cho !i ./ cB [ Y chX ./ cho. T9nh tOn& cc ./ '?3 C01 G%2% : T3 C01 "#c ` ./ Yvd dvY Ydv dYv TOn& sY _ di c Kvv c P _ sY _ di c Kv _ sY _ di c K w Kv c Kvv c P _ Kv c Kv _ Kv c K w Pv c Kvv _ Kvv _ Kv w PKKv. Bi tp v nh : B$% 1 : Cho ` chX ./ : vU PU YU b. Hy C01 t^t c+ cc ./ !( !i ./ cB [ ` chX ./ cho. T9nh tOn&. B$% Q : Cho ` chX ./ : KU YU YU `. Hy C01 t^t c+ cc ./ cB ` chX ./ !( !i ./ cB [ ` chX ./ cho. T9nh tOn&.
B$% < : Cho b chX ./ : vU KU YU PU `. Hy C01 t^t c+ cc ./ cB b chX ./ !( !i ./ cB [ b chX ./ cho. T9nh tOn&. B$% 4 : Cho b chX ./ vU KU PU YU `. 3U CB th 'i@t "#c)3o nhiu ./ cB ` chX ./ 6hc nh3u t? b chX ./ chom TRon& cc ./ 'i@t "#c cB )3o nhiu ./ chqnm )U Te! ./ chqn C*n nh^tU ./ Ck nh> nh^t cB ` chX ./ 6hc nh3u "#c 'i@t t? b chX ./ cho B$% o : CB th 'i@t "#c )3o nhiu ./ cB Y chX ./ 6hc nh3uU )i@t R\n& : 3U Cc chX ./ c[3 chln& u C( nhXn& ./ Ckm )U Cc chX ./ c[3 chln& u C( nhXn& ./ chqnm B$% H : 3U Te! ./ tj nhin nh> nh^t cB b chX ./ "#c 'i@t tX Y chX ./ 6hc nh3u. )U Te! ./ tj nhin C*n nh^t cB b chX ./ "#c 'i@t t? Y chX ./ 6hc nh3u. B$% K : Vi@t Cin ti@1 cc ./ tj nhin t? K @n Kb "#c K ./ tj nhin. Hy co i Kv chX ./ '?3 nh0n "#c !( 'n &iX n&uyn thA tj c[3 cc chX ./ cn C%i "#c : 3U S/ C*n nh^tz )U S/ nh> nh^tz Vi@t cc ./ B. B$% p : Vi@t Cin ti@1 Kv ./ chqn 6hc v tu tin "#c !-t ./ tj nhin. Hy co i Kv chX ./ c[3 ./ '?3 nh0n "#c !( 'n &iX n&uyn thA tj c[3 cc chX ./ cn C%i "#c : 3U S/ chqn C*n nh^tz )U S/ Ck nh> nh^t. II DeS S^ Dng 1 B q5P !5,& 7%?& IOP B Qi@n thAc ctn C"u scch &i+ii : TR"*c h@t t3 ctn cc Nnh Duy Cu0t c[3 $y ./. Ah+ng B$C 8$t th,=ng gDp 8 : _ Mi ./ h%n& s6 t? ./ h%n& thA h3ii )\n& ./ h%n& An& tR"*c nB c-n& shogc tR?i '*i K ./ tj nhin $ z _ Mi ./ h%n& s6 t? ./ h%n& thA h3ii )\n& ./ h%n& An& tR"*c nB nh2n shogc chi3i '*i K ./ tj nhin D 6hc v z _ Mi ./ h%n& s6 t? ./ h%n& thA )3i )\n& tOn& h3i ./ h%n& An& tR"*c nB z _ Mi ./ h%n& s6 t? ./ h%n& thA t"i )\n& tOn& c[3 ./ h%n& An& tR"*c nB c-n& '*i ./ tj nhin $ c-n& '*i ./ thA tj c[3 ./ h%n& ^y z _ ./ h%n& An& .3u )\n& ./ h%n& An& tR"*c nh2n '*i ./ thA tj z '...' #oi $% D&' () cch *+ B$% 1 : Vi@t ti@1 Y ./ : 3U bU KvU KbU ... )U YU dU KKU ... G%2% : 3U Ve : Kv b w b Kb Kv w b Dy ./ tRn P ./ h%n& Cin nh3u h]n 6u! nh3u b ]n 'N. V0y Y ./ ti@1 tho C( : Kb _ b w Pv Pv _ b w Pb Pb _ b w Yv Dy ./ !*i C( : bU KvU KbU PvU PbU Yv. )U dYw` KK d w ` Dy ./ tRn P ./ h%n& Cin nh3u h]n 6u! nh3u ` ]n 'N. V0y Y ./ ti@1 tho C( : KK _ ` w Kb Kb _ ` w Ka Ka _ ` w PY Dy ./ !*i C( : YU dU KKU KbU KaU PY. Dy ./ cch u the hipu c[3 !i ./ h%n& '*i ./ Cin tR"*c Cufn )\n& nh3u #oi 2 % D&' () ,hc B$% 1 : Vi@t ti@1 Y ./ h%n& '(o $y ./ .3u : 3U KU YU Ù dU KKU KhU ... )U vU PU Ù xU KPU PPU ... cU vU YU dU KPU ... $U KU PU xU PÙ ...
G%2% 3U T3 nh0n cut : `wK_Y dwY_` KK w ` _ d Kh w d _ KK ... T? B Rlt R3 Duy Cu0t c[3 $y ./ C( : EFi s hng GK* tH s hng th b&I bJng t1ng c.& h&i s hng )ng t<,c n3. Vi@t ti@1 )3 ./ h%n&U t3 "#c $y ./ .3u : KU YU Ù dU KKU KhU PaU `dU dxU... )U T"]n& tj )(i 3U t3 te! R3 Duy Cu0t c[3 $y ./ C( : EFi s hng GK* tH s hng th t,I bJng t1ng c.& L s hng )ng t<,c n3. Viut ti@1 )3 ./ h%n&U t3 "#c $y ./ .3u. vU PU Ù xU KPU PPU `vU dÙ KYxU ... cU t3 nh0n cut : S/ h%n& thA h3i C( : Ywv_K_P S/ h%n& thA )3 C( : dwY_K_Y S/ h%n& thA t" C( : KP w d _ K _ ` T? B Rlt R3 Duy Cu0t c[3 $y C( : EFi s hng GK* tH s hng th h&iI bJng t1ng c.& s hng )ng t<,c n3 c0ng vi ? v c0ng vi s th t c.& s hng #C . Vi@t ti@1 )3 ./ h%n& t3 "#c $y ./ .3u. vU YU dU KPU KhU PbU YYU ... $U T3 nh0n cut : S/ h%n& thA h3i C( PwKcP S/ h%n& thA )3 C( xwPcY ./ h%n& thA t" C( P` w x c ` ... T? B Rlt R3 Duy Cu0t c[3 $y ./ C( : Mi ./ h%n& s6 t? ./ h%n& thA h3ii )\n& t9ch c[3 ./ h%n& An& Cin tR"*c nB nh2n '*i ./ thA tj c[3 ./ h%n& ^y. Vi@t ti@1 )3 ./ h%n& t3 "#c $y ./ .3u : KU PU xU PÙ KPvU dPvU bv`vU ... B$% Q : Te! ./ h%n& tu tin c[3 cc $y ./ .3u : 3U . . .U KdU KaU PK )U . . . U xÙ hKU Kvv <i@t R\n& !i $y cB Kv ./ h%n&. G%2% : 3U T3 nh0n cut : S/ h%n& thA !"Ti C( PK w P c Kv _ K S/ h%n& thA ch9n C( : Ka w P c a _ K S/ h%n& thA t! C( : Kd w P c h _ K ... T? B .uy R3 Duy Cu0t c[3 $y ./ tRn C( : EFi s hng c.& dMC bJng @ 5 th t c.& s hng t<ong dMC <Ni c0ng vi ?. V0y ./ h%n& tu tin c[3 $y C( PcK_KwY )U T"]n& tj nh" tRn t3 Rlt R3 Duy Cu0t c[3 $y C( : EFi s hng bJng s th t nh:n s th t c.& s hng )3. V0y ./ h%n& tu tin c[3 $y C( : KcKwK
B$% < : ,lc d &iT .n&U M-t n&"Ti cu^t 1ht t? U i c %1 ' <. G@n KK &iT tR"3 n&"Ti B $?n& C%i n&h| 8n tR"3 !-t ti@n&U .3u B C%i i ti@1 '( Y &iT chiu the ' @n <. Do n&"#c &iBU cho nn t/c - c[3 n&"Ti B .3u !i &iT C%i &i+! i P 6!. Te! t/c - c[3 n&"Ti B 6hi cu^t 1htU )i@t R\n& t/c i tRon& ti@n& cu/i Dun& "Tn& C( Kv 6!L &iT. G%2% : ThTi &i3n n&"Ti B i tRn "Tn& C( : sKK di _ sKb KPi w d s&iTi T3 nh0n cut : T/c - n&"Ti B i tRon& ti@n& thA d C( : Kv s6!L&iTi w Kv _ P c v T/c - n&"Ti B i tRon& ti@n& thA x C( : KP s6!L&iTi w Kv _ P c K T/c - n&"Ti B i tRon& ti@n& thA b C( : K` s6!L&iTi w Kv _ P c P ... T? B Rlt R3 t/c - n&"Ti B Clc cu^t 1ht stRon& ti@n& thA nh^ti C( : Kv _ P c x w PP s6!L&iTi B$% 4 :Gin cc ./ th9ch h#1 '(o f tR/n&U .3o cho tOn& cc ./ Y f Cin ti@1 u )\n& Kaax : àx aax G%2% : T3 nh ./ cc f tho thA tj nh" .3u àx aax fK fP fY f` fb fx fd fh fa fKv Tho iu 6ipn c[3 tu )(i t3 cB : àx _ fd _ f h w Kaax fd _ fh _ fa w Kaax V0y fa w àx. T? B t3 t9nh "#c fh w fb w fP w Kaax sàx _ aaxi w bv`z fd w f` w fK w aax '( fY w fx w àx Gin '(o t3 "#c $y ./ : aax bv` àx aax bv` àx aax bv` àx aax Dng Q : k(c >Gnh / cn &h51c IOP >O ch' h/P Ahrng Cch gi9i : - c Nnh Duy Cu0t c[3 $y. - Qi! tR3 ./ 3 cB tho+ !n Duy Cu0t B h3y 6hfn&. B$% &,: : ! hy cho )i@t : 3U Cc ./ bv '( KYY cB thu-c $y avU abU KvvU ... h3y 6hfn&m )U S/ Kaax thu-c $y YU xU hU KKU ... h3y 6hfn&m cU S/ n(o tRon& cc ./ xxxU KvvvU aaaa thu-c $y YU xU KPU PÙ ... m Ii+i th9ch t%i .3om G%2% : 3U C+ P ./ bv '( KYY u 6hfn& thu-c $y cho 'e - Cc ./ h%n& c[3 $y cho u C*n h]n bv z - Cc ./ h%n& c[3 $y cho u chi3 h@t cho b !( KYY 6hfn& chi3 h@t cho b. )U S/ Kaax 6hfn& thu-c $y choU Ve !i ./ h%n& c[3 $y 6hi chi3 cho u $" P !( Kaax : Y the $" K. cU C+ Y ./ xxxU KvvvU aaaa u 6hfn& thu-c $y YU xU KPU PÙ ... U 'e - Mi ./h%n& c[3 $y s6 t? ./ h%n& thA Pi )\n& ./ h%n& Cin tR"*c nh2n '*i P. Cho nn cc ./ h%n& s6 t? ./ h%n& thA Yi cB ./ h%n& An& Cin tR"*c C( ./ chqn !( xxx : P w YYY C( ./ Ck. - Cc ./ h%n& c[3 $y u chi3 h@t cho Y !( Kvvv 6hfn& chi3 h@t cho Y - Cc ./ h%n& c[3 $y s6 t? ./ h%n& thA h3ii u chqn !( aaaa C( ./ Ck. Bi tp v nh B$% 1 : Vi@t ti@1 h3i ./ h%n& c[3 $y ./ .3u : 3U Kvv z aY z hb z dx z ... )U Kv z KY z Kh z Px z ... cU v z K z P z ` z d z KP z ... $U v z K z ` z a z Kh z ... U b z x z h z Kv z ... U K z x z b` z x`h z ... &U K z Y z Y z a z Pd z ...
hU K z K z Y z b z Kd z ... B$% Q : Gin th! d ./ h%n& '(o tOn& .3u .3o cho !i ./ h%n& tRon& tOn& u C*n h]n ./ h%n& An& tR"*c nB : à _ ... ... w `Pv. Ii+i th9ch cch te!. B$% < : Te! h3i ./ h%n& tu c[3 cc $y .3u : 3U . . . U YaU `PU `b z )U . . . U Ù PU v z cU . . . U PYU PbU PdU Pa z <i@t R\n& !i $y cB Kb ./ h%n&. B$% 4 : 3U Gin cc ./ th9ch h#1 '(o cc f tR/n&U .3o cho t9ch cc ./ c[3 Y f Cin ti@1 u )\n& Pvvv bv P )U Cho a ./ : KU PU YU Ù bU xU dU h '( a. Hy in !i ./ '(o K f tRn .3o cho tOn& c[3 Y ./ Y f thn& h(n& nh3u u chi3 h@t cho b. Hy &i+i th9ch cch C(!. F F F
F F F F F
F F F cU Hy in ./ '(o cc f tRn .3o cho tOn& c[3 Y f Cin ti@1 u )\n& nh3u. Ii+i th9ch cch C(!.m Dng < : TN0 hng c./ IOP . ,"u : - $%n& n(y th"Tn& .W $n& 1h"]n& 1h1 &i+i ton 6ho+n& cch stRrn& c2yi.T3 cB cfn& thAc .3u: S/ ./ h%n& c[3 $y w S/ 6ho+n& cch _ K - ;@u Duy Cu0t c[3 $y C( : ./ An& .3u )\n& ./ h%n& Cin tR"*c c-n& '*i ./ 6hfn& Oi the : S/ cc ./ h%n& c[3 $y w sS/ cu/i ./ tui : QLc _ K <(i t01 '0n $n& : <(i K: Vi@t cc ./ Ck Cin ti@1 t? PKK. S/ cu/i cZn& C( adK. H>i 'i@t "#c )3o nhiu ./ m Ii+i: H3i ./ Ck Cin ti@1 h]n 6u! nh3u P ]n 'N S/ cu/i h]n ./ tu ./ ]n 'N C( : adK PKK w dxv s]n 'Ni dxv ]n 'N cB ./ 6ho+n& cch C( : dxv : P w Yhv sQL ci Dy ./ tRn cB ./ ./ h%n& C( : Yhv _K w YhK s./i G1 ./ :YhK ./ h%n& <(i P: Cho $y ./ KKU KÙ KdU ... U xh. 3U Hy cc Nnh $y tRn cB )3o nhiu ./ h%n& m )U ;@u t3 ti@1 tc 6uo $(i cc ./ h%n& c[3 $y ./ the ./ h%n& thA K aax C( ./ !^y m G%2% : 3UT3 cB : K` KK w Y Kd K` w Y
V0y Duy Cu0t c[3 $y C( : !i ./ h%n& An& .3u )\n& ./ h%n& An& tR"*c c-n& '*i Y . S/ cc ./ h%n& c[3 $y C( : s xh KK i : Y _ K w Pv s./ h%n&i )U T3 nh0n cut : S/ h%n& thA h3i : K` w KK _ Y w KK _ sP Ki c Y S/ h%n& thA )3 : Kd w KK _ x w KK _ sY Ki c Y S/ h%n& thA t" : Pv w KK _ a w KK _ s` Ki c Y V0y ./ h%n& thA K aax C( : KK _ sK aax Ki c Y w b aax G1 ./ : Pv ./ h%n& z b aax <(i Y: TRon& cc ./ cB )3 chX ./U cB )3o nhiu ./ chi3 h@t cho ` m G%2% : T3 cB nh0n cut :./ nh> nh^t cB )3 chX ./ chi3 h@t cho `C( Kvv '( ./ C*n nh^t cB )3 chX ./ chi3 h@t cho ` C( aax. ;h" '0y cc ./ cB )3 chX ./ chi3 h@t cho ` C01 th(nh !-t $y ./ cB ./ h%n& tu C( KvvU ./ h%n& cu/i C( aax '( !i ./ h%n& c[3 $y sQ t? ./ h%n& thA h3ii )\n& ./ h%n& An& 6 tR"*c c-n& '*i `. V0y cc ./ cB Y chX ./ chi3 h@t cho ` C( : saax Kvvi : ` _ K w PPb s./i G1 ./ : PPb ./ Dng 4 : TN0 &mng c(c hng c./ IOP * Cch gi9i ;@u cc ./ h%n& c[3 $y ./ cch u nh3u the tOn& c[3 P ./ h%n& cch u ./ h%n& tu '( ./ h%n& cu/i tRon& $y B )\n& nh3u. Ve '0y : ;1ng cc s hng c.& dMC O t1ng c.& ? cDp @ s hng cch )$ s hng )$ v c$i 5 s hng c.& dMC : @ <(i t01 '0n $n& : B$% 1 : T9nh tOn& c[3 Kvv ./ Ck tu tin. G%2% : Dy c[3 Kvv ./ Ck tu tin C( : K _ Y _ b _ d _ a _ . . . _ Kad _ Kaa. T3 cB : K _ Kaa w Pvv Y _ Kad w Pvv b _ Kab w Pvv ... V0y tOn& 1h+i te! C( : Pvv c Kvv : P w Kv vvv G1 ./ Kv vvv. B$% Q : Cho K ./ tj nhin &r! cc ./ tj nhin Cin ti@1 t? K @n KahY "#c 'i@t tho thA tj Cin nh3u nh" .3u : K P Y ` b x d h a Kv KK KP KY . . . Kahv KahK KahP KahY Hy t9nh tOn& t^t c+ cc chX ./ c[3 ./ B. GP thi hQc sinh giRi ton B$c nS/ ?TULi G%2% : Cch K. T3 nh0n cut : cc cg1 ./ : - v '( Kaaa cB tOn& cc chX ./ C( : v _ K _ a _ a _ a w Ph - K '( Kaah cB tOn& cc chX ./ C( : K _ K _ a _ a _ h w Ph - P '( Kaad cB tOn& cc chX ./ C( : P _ K _ a _ a _ d w Ph - aah '( KvvK cB tOn& cc chX ./ C( : a _ a _ h _ K _ K w Ph - aaa '( Kvvv cB tOn& cc chX ./ C( : a _ a _ a _ K w Ph ;h" '0y tRon& $y ./ vU KU PU YU Ù bU . . . U KaadU KaahU Kaaa H3i ./ h%n& cch u ./ h%n& tu '( ./ h%n& cu/i u cB tOn& )\n& Ph. CB Kvvv cg1 nh" '0yU $o B tOn& cc chX ./ t%o nn $y ./ tRn C( : Ph c Kvvv w Ph vvv S/ tj nhin "#c t%o th(nh )\n& cch 'i@t Cin ti@1 cc ./ tj nhin t? Kah` @n Kaaa C( sK _ a _ h _ ì _ sK _ a _ h _ bi _... _sK _ a _ h _ ai _ sK _ a _ a _ vi _ ... _
PY Pd Ka sK _ a _ a _ hi _ sK _ a _ a _ ai w YhP Pd Ph V0y tOn& cc chX ./ c[3 ./ tj nhin cho C( : Ph vvv YhP w Pd xKh. B$% < : Vi@t cc ./ chqn Cin ti@1 : PU Ù xU hU . . . U Pvvv T9nh tOn& c[3 $y ./ tRn G%2% : Dy ./ tRn P ./ chqn Cin ti@1 h]n 6u! nh3u P ]n 'N. Dy ./ tRn cB ./ ./ h%n& C( : sPvvv Pi : P _ K w Kvvv s./i Kvvv ./ cB ./ cg1 ./ C( : Kvvv : P w bvv scg1i TOn& K cg1 C( : P _ Pvvv w PvvP TOn& c[3 $y ./ C( : PvvP c bvv w KvvKvv. Bi tp v nh B$% 1 : T9nh tOn& : 3U x _ h _ Kv _ ... _ Kaaa. )U KK _ KY _ Kb _ ... _ K`d _ Kbv cU Y _ x _ a _ ... _ K`d _ Kbv. B$% Q : Vi@t hv ./ chqn Cin ti@1 ) t tu t? dP. S/ cu/i cZn& C( ./ n(om B$% < : CB )3o nhiu ./ : 3U CB Y chX ./ 6hi chi3 cho b $" Km $" Pm )U CB ` chX ./ chi3 h@t cho Ym cU CB Y chX ./ nh> h]n bvv !( chi3 h@t cho `m B$% 4 : Qhi nh ./ thA tj cc $y nh( tRn !-t "Tn& 1h/U n&"Ti t3 $Zn& cc ./ Ck Cin ti@1 KU YU bU dU ... nh ./ $y thA nh^t '( cc ./ chqn Cin ti@1 PU Ù xU hU ... nh ./ $y thA h3i. H>i nh( cu/i cZn& tRon& $y chqn c[3 "Tn& 1h/ B C( ./ !^yU n@u 6hi nh ./ $y n(y n&"Ti t3 $Zn& dxa chX c+ th+ym B$% o : Cho $y cc ./ chqn Cin ti@1 PU Ù xU hU ... H>i ./ Kaax C( ./ h%n& thA !^y c[3 $y n(ym Ii+i th9ch cch te!. B$% H : Te! tOn& c[3 : 3U Cc ./ cB h3i chX ./ chi3 h@t cho Y z )U Cc ./ cB h3i chX ./ chi3 cho ` $" K z cU Kvv ./ chqn tu tin z $U Kv ./ Ck 6hc nh3u C*n h]n Pv '( nh> h]n `v. Dng o : TN0 hng &hE n Bi tp vn dng B$% 1 : Cho $y ./ : KU YU bU dU ... H>i ./ h%n& thA Pv c[3 $y C( ./ n(om G%2% : Dy cho C( $y ./ Ck nn cc ./ Cin ti@1 tRon& $y cch nh3u K 6ho+n& cch C( P ]n 'N. Pv ./ h%n& the cB ./ 6ho+n& cch C( : Pv K w Ka 6ho+n& cchi Ka ./ cB ./ ]n 'N C( : Ka c P w Yh s]n 'Ni S/ cu/i cZn& C( : K _ Yh w Ya G1 ./ : S/ h%n& thA Pv c[3 $y C( Ya B$% Q : Vi@t Pv ./ CkU ./ cu/i cZn& C( PvvK. S/ tu tin C( ./ n(om G%2% : P ./ Ck Cin ti@1 h]n 6u! nh3u P ]n 'N Pv ./ Ck cB ./ 6ho+n& cch C( : Pv K w Ka s6ho+n& cchi Ka 6ho+n& cch cB ./ ]n 'N C( : Ka c P w Yh s]n 'Ni S/ tu tin C( :
PP
PvvK Yh w KaxY G1 ./ : ./ tu tin C( KaxY. -.ng th/c : 3U Cu/i $y : n w S/ tu _ 6ho+n& cch c sn Ki )U Gtu $y : n w S/ cu/i 6ho+n& cch c sn Ki Bi tp v nh : B$% 1 : Vi@t cc ./ chqn ) t tu t? P. S/ cu/i cZn& C( aYh. Dy ./ cB )3o nhiu ./m B$% Q : T9nh : P _ ` _ x _ ... _ Pvvv. B$% < : Cho $y ./ : Ù hU KPU ... Te! ./ h%n& bv c[3 $y ./ . B$% 4 : Vi@t Pb ./ Ck Cin ti@1 ./ cu/i cZn& C( PvvK. H>i ./ tu tin C( ./ n(om B$% o : T9nh tOn& : 3U x _ h _ Kv _ ... _ Pvvv )U KK _ KY _ Kb _ ... _ Kaaa. cU Y _ x _ a _ ... _ K`d _ Kbv. B$% H : Vi@t hv ./ chqn Cin ti@1 ) t tu t? dP. H>i ./ cu/i cZn& C( ./ n(om B$% K : Cho $y ./ &r! Pb ./ h%n& : . . .U K`xU KbvU Kb`. H>i ./ tu tin C( ./ n(om Dng H : TN0 ch+ #%?& hng <(i t01 '0n $n& B$% 1 : Cho $y ./ KU PU YU Ù ...U Kbv. Dy n(y cB )3o nhiu chX ./ Ii+i : Dy ./ KU PU YU ...U Kbv cB Kbv ./. TRon& Kbv ./ cB _ a ./ cB K chX ./ _ av ./ cB P chX ./ _ Cc ./ cB Y chX ./ C( : Kbv a av w bK schX ./i Dy n(y cB ./ chX ./ C( : K c a _ P c av _ Y c bK w Y`P schX ./i G1 ./ Y`P chX ./ B$% Q : Vi@t cc ./ chqn Cin ti@1 tX P @n Kaah the 1h+i 'i@t )3o nhiu chX ./m Ii+i : Dy ./ : PU Ù ...U Kaah cB ./ ./ h%n& C( : sKaah Pi : P _ K w aaa s./i TRon& aaa ./ cB : ` ./ chqn cB K chX ./ `b ./ chqn cB P chX ./ `bv ./ chqn cB Y chX ./ Cc ./ chqn cB ` chX ./ C( : aaa ` `b `bv w bvv s./i S/ C"#n& chX ./ 1h+i 'i@t C( : K c ` _ P c `b _ Y c `bv _ ` c bvv w Y``` schX ./i 1 ./ : Y``` chX ./ Gh% nhl : P* tV/ s ch+ s t& : W ;V/ 5"/ t<ong dMC s c3 b&o nhi!$ s s hng W ;<ong s cc s )3 c3 b&o nhi!$ s c3 ?' @' L' X' ... ch+ s Dng K :TN0 hng #%?& ch+ Bi tp vn dng B$% 1 : M-t Duyn .ch coc `Yb chX ./. H>i Duyn .ch B cB )3o nhiu tR3n&m G%2% : G nh ./ tR3n& .ch n&"Ti t3 ) t tu nh tX tR3n& ./ K. T3 th^y nh ./ tR3n& cB K chX ./ n&"Ti t3 nh !^t a ./ '( !^t : K c a w a schX ./i S/ tR3n& .ch cB P chX ./ C( av nn nh av tR3n& n(y !^t : P c av w Khv schX ./i Gnh Duyn .ch cB `Yb chX ./ nh" '0y ch| @n ./ tR3n& cB Y chX ./. S/ chX ./ nh ./ tR3n& .ch cB Y chX ./ C(:
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cU M-t n&"Ti @! "#c tRon& $y cB Kaax chX C. H>i n&"Ti B @! ln& h3y .3im Ii+i th9ch t%i .3om B$% o : 3U CB )3o nhiu ./ chqn cB` chX ./m )U CB )3o nhiu ./ cB Y chX ./ u Ckm cU CB )3o nhiu ./ cB b chX ./ !( tRon& B cB 9t nh^t h3i chX ./ &i/n& nh3um B$% H : cho $y ./ tj nhin Cin ti@1 : KU PU YU Ù bU ...U Kaaa H>i $y ./ cB )3o nhiu chX ./m B$% K : Cho $y ./ tj nhin Cin ti@1: KU PU YU Ù bU ...U c. Te! c )i@t $y ./ cB Kaha chX ./ B$% p : Cho $y ./ chqn Cin ti@1 : PU Ù xU hU KvU ...U P`xh. 3U H>i $y cB )3o nhiu chX ./m )U Te! chX ./ thA Pvvv c[3 $y B. B$% s : Cho $y ./ KUKz PUPz YUYz ...z KvhUaz KKvUv 3U Dy ./ n(y cB )3o nhiu ./ h%n&m )U S/ h%n& thA bv c[3 $y C( ./ h%n& n(om B$% 1t : Cho $y YU KhU `hU aYU KbYU ... 3U Te! ./ h%n& thA Kvv c[3 $y. )U S/ KKdvY C( ./ h%n& thA )3o nhiu c[3 $y BI 4 CUNG LIuC CHRNG I. MC TIU TIT DY : - HS n ! "#c cch &i+i cc )(i ton tRon& $%n& n(y - ,(! "#c !-t ./ )(i t01 n2n& c3o. - 45n 67 n8n& &i+i ton cho hc .inh . II. CHU:; <= C2u h>i '( )(i t01 thu-c $%n& '?3 hc. - Cc 6i@n thAc cB Cin Du3n. III. CEC HFT GH;I DY HJC KL Mn Nnh tO chAc C*1. PL Qi! tR3 )(i cS. Ii hc .inh C(! )(i t01 ' nh( &iT tR"*cU IV .W3 chX3. YL Ii+n& )(i !*i. Y.K Qi@n thAc ctn nh*. 3. ,o%i ton n(y cSn& th hipn R !/i Du3n hp %i C"#n& t| Cp thu0n '( t| Cp n&hNch tRon& cc tenh hu/n& 1hAc t%1 h]n )(i ton ' Duy t c t3! .u^t. ). chl : - T3 cB th hiu K cfn& 'ipc nh" C( K ]n 'N. Do B cB th )iu thN K cfn& 'ipc th(nh nhiu 1htn )\n& nh3u s1hZ h#1 '*i cc iu 6ipn c[3 )(i toni thu0n tipn cho 'ipc t9nh ton. - SW $n& 1h2n ./ "#c coi C( th"]n& c[3 1hu1 chi3 h3i ./ tj nhin. - <(i ton n(yth"Tn& cB %i C"#n& thTi &i3n. Ctn 1h+i )i@t chuyn Oi '( .W $n& cc ]n 'N o thTi &i3n th9ch h#1 cho 'ipc t9nh ton. Y.P Bi tp vn dng. B$% 1 : n '( <enh nh0n C(! chun& !-t cfn& 'ipc. ;@u !-t !enh n C(! the .3u Y &iT .{ con& 'ipcU cn n@u <enh C(! !-t !enh the .3u x &iT .{ con& 'ipc B. H>i c+ P n&"Ti cZn& C(! the .3u !^y &iT .{ con& 'ipc Bm G%2% : Cch ? : <iu thN cfn& 'ipc th(nh x 1htn )\n& nh3u the .3u K &iT n C(! "#c P 1htn '( <enh C(! "#c K 1htn B. Do BU .3u K &iT c+ P n&"Ti cZn& C(! "#c P _ K w Y s1htni K &iT I II ThTi &i3n P n&"Ti cZn& C(n con& 'ipc B C( : x z Y w P s&iTi G1 ./ P &iT Cch @ :
;@u n C(! !-t !enh the .3u K &iT C(! "#c
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cfn& 'ipc. Do BU ;@u c+ P n&"Ti cZn& C(! the .3u K &iT .{ C(! "#c ./ 1htn cfn& 'ipc C( :
K K K _ w scfn& 'ipci Y x P
ThTi &i3n P n&"Ti cZn& C(! con& 'ipc B C( : K:
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h stutni Y KP stutni b
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K K K w s) n"*ci dP KPv Khv

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d Y w scfn& 'ipci Kv Kv
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Y K :aw scfn& 'ipci Kv Yv

S/ n&(y Hin C(! !-t !enh con& cfn& 'ipc C(: K:
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PP bb w w bb i `v Kvv
T| ./ hc .inh n3! .o '*i hc .inh c[3 C*1 C( : Kh : `v w vU`b w `b G1 ./ : bb '( `b B$% Q : M-t ./ .3u 6hi &i+! i Pv the 1h+i t8n& th! )3o nhiu 1htn tR8! ./ !*i C%i "#c ./ cS. G%2% : M-t ./ &i+! i Pv tAc C( &i+! i S/ cS : S/ !*i :
K &i tRN c[3 ./ B. b

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K V0y ./ !*i 1h+i &i+! i &i tRN c[3 nB tAc C( Pv c[3 nB the C3i "#c ./ )3n tu. b
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Kvv 5&5b w Kv Kvvvv 5&5b
B$% p
: ,"#n& n"*c tRon& h%t t"]i C( Pv. CB Pvv 6& h%t t"]i .3u 6hi 1h]i 6hf nh i Yv 6&. T9nh t| ./ n"*c tRon& h%t 1h]i 6hf. G%2% : ,"#n& n"*c )3n tu chA3 tRon& Pvv & h%t t"]i C( : Pvv : Kvv c Pv w `v s6&i S/ C"#n& h%t 1h]i 6hf cn : Pvv Yv w Kdv s6&i ,"#n& n"*c cn C%i tRon& Kdv 6& h%t 1h]i 6hf C( : `v Yv w Kv s6&i T| ./ n"*c chA3 tRon& h%t 1h]i 6hf C( : Kv : Kdv w bUhh G1 ./ bUhh : Ii ho3 n&(y t@t t8n& Pv .o '*i thn& KK. Thn& &in& &i ho3 C%i h% Pv. H>i Ii ho3 thn& &in& .o '*i &i ho3 thn& KK the thn& n(o t h]n '( t h]n )3o nhiu 1htn tR8!. G%2% : Ii ho3 n&(y t@t .o '*i thn& KK C( : Kvv _ Pv w KPv si Ii ho3 .3u t@t cn C( : Kvv Pv w hv s ho3 .3u t@t .o '*i thn& KK C( :
Ii ho3 .3u t@t .o '*i thn& KK C( : Kvv ax w ` si G1 ./ ` B$% s : M-t n&"Ti !u3 !-t 6y 1hi@u Co%i Y thn& '*i Ci cu^t KUa K thn& '( &i tRN 6y 1hi@u xvvv vvv rn&. H>i .3u Y thn& n&"Ti B Cnh ' )3o nhiu tin c+ '/n Cn Ci. <i@t R\n&U tin '/n thn& tR"*c nh01 th(nh '/n c[3 thn& .3u. G%2% : V/n c[3 thn& .3u .o '*i thn& Cin tR"*c C( : Kvv _ KUa w KvKUa si Tin '/n tu thn& thA h3i C( :
KPv c Kvv
hv w ax si Kvv
xvvvvvv 5KvKUa w x KK` vvvv sGi Kvv

Tin '/n tu thn& thA Y C( :
xKK`vvv 5KvKUa w xPYv Kxx sGi Kvv

Tin '/n '( Ci .3u Y thn& C( :
xPYvKxx 5KvKUa w xY`hbYaUKb` sGi Kvv

G1 ./ xY`hbYaUKb` rn& B$% 1t : Ii cc Co%i R3u thn& Y th"Tn& t h]n thn& h3i C( Kv. Ii R3u thn& ` C%i Rk h]n thn& Y C( Kv. Ii R3u thn& P t h3y Rk h]n &i R3u thn& `m G%2% : ;@u &i R3u thn& P C( Kvv ;h" '0y &i R3u thn& Y C( : Kvv _ Kv w KKv si Ii R3u thn& P Ii R3u thn& ` C( : Kvv Kv w av si &i R3u thn& Y '( )\n& :
KKv av _ w aa &i R3u thn& P Kvv Kvv

;h" '0y R3u thn& t" Rk h]n R3u thn& h3i. Bi tp v nh : B$% 1 : M-t cW3 .chU h% &i Kv &i .ch nh2n n&(y KLx tuy '0y cW3 h(n& 'n cn Ci h. H>i : ;&(y th"Tn& the cW3 h(n& "#c Ci )3o nhiu 1htn tR8!. B$% Q : M-t n&"Ti )n h(n& "#c CTi Kb &i )n. H>i n&"Ti ^y "#c CTi )3o nhiu 1htn tR8! &i !u3m B$% < : M-t cW3 h(n& )n &%o "#c Ci Pb &i !u3. H>i cW3 h(n& "#c Ci )3o nhiu 1htn tR8! &i )n. B$% 4 : Cu/i n8! hcU !-t cW3 h(n& h% &i )n ' Pv. H>i '*i cZn& !-t ./ tin nh" cSU !-t hc .inh .{ !u3 th! "#c )3o nhiu 1htn tR8! ./ '. B$% o : Te! $ipn t9ch henh chX nh0tU )i@t R\n& n@u chiu $(i t8n& Pv ./ o '( chiu R-n& &i+! Pv ./ o the $ipn t9ch )N &i+! i Yv!P B$% H : S+n C"#n& Cl3 c[3 6hu 'jc h]n 6hu 'jc < C( Px !gc $Z $ipn t9ch c[3 6hu 'jc ch| C*n h]n 6hu 'jc < C( b . H>i n8n& .u^t thu ho%ch c[3 6hu 'jc nhiu h]n 6hu 'jc < C( !^y 1htn tR8!m B$% K : Qh/i C"#n& cfn& 'ipc t8n& hv. H>i 1h+i t8n& ./ n&"Ti C3o -n& th! )3o nhiu 1htn tR8! n8n& .u^t C3o -n& t8n& Pvm B$% p : MAc C"]n& c[3 cfn& nh2n t8n& PvU &i h(n& &i+! Pv. H>i '*i !Ac C"]n& !*i n(y the C"#n& h(n& !*i .{ !u3 "#c nhiu h]n h(n& cS )3o nhiu 1htn tR8!m BI H H]NH H\C [W CC BI TON L{ NHTN DNG CC H]NH I. MC TIU TIT DY : - HS n ! "#c !-t ./ t9nh ch^t c[3 cc henh hc - ;h0n $%n& "#c cc henh '( &i+i "#c cc )(i ton cB Cin Du3n - 45n 67 n8n& &i+i tonU Du3n .tU t9nh ton cho hc .inh . II. CHU:; <= - C2u h>i '( )(i t01 thu-c $%n& '?3 hc. - Cc 6i@n thAc cB Cin Du3n. III. CEC HFT GH;I DY HJC KL Mn Nnh tO chAc C*1. PL Qi! tR3 )(i cS. Ii hc .inh C(! )(i t01 ' nh( &iT tR"*cU IV .W3 chX3. YL Ii+n& )(i !*i. Y.K Cc 6i@n thAc ctn nh* : - ;/i h3i i! U < t3 "#c o%n thn& < - Henh t3! &ic cB Y |nhU Y c%nh '( Y &Bc. . Henh t3! &ic <C cB Y |nh C( U <U C z CB Y c%nh C( <U <C '( Cz CB Y &Bc C( &Bc U &Bc < '( &Bc C. < - Henh tA &ic cB ` |nhU ` c%nh '( ` &Bc. TA &ic <CD cB ` |nh C( U <U C '( D z CB ` c%nh C( <U <CU CD '( D z CB ` &Bc C( &Bc U &Bc < '( &Bc D < C C
<
- Henh 'ufn& cB ` &Bc 'ufn& '( cB ` c%nh )\n& nh3u. D - Henh chX nh0t <CD cB ` &Bc 'ufn& z H3i c%nh D '( <C C( chiu $(iU h3i c%nh < '( CD C( chiu R-n&. < C
D Y.Pi Bi tp vn dng B$% 1 : Cho t3! &ic <C. TRn c%nh <C t3 C^y x i!. ;/i |nh '*i !i i! '?3 chn. H>i @! "#c )3o nhiu henh t3! &ic. Ii+i : K < P C < K D P Y C
< D I H I C T3 nh0n cut : - 6hi C^y K i! the t%o th(nh P t3! &ic ]n <D '( DC. S/ t3! &ic @! "#c C( Y : <CU D< '( DC. T3 cB : K _ P w Y st3! &ici - 6hi C^y P i! the t%o th(nh Y t3! &ic ]n '( ./ t3! &ic @! "#c C( x : <CU <DU DU <U DC '( C. T3 cB : K_ P _ Y w x st3! &ici V0y 6hi C^y x i! t3 .{ cB d t3! &ic ]n "#c t%o th(nh '( ./ t3! &ic @! "#c C( : K _ P _ Y _ ` _ b _ x _ d w Ph st3! &ici Cch @ :- ;/i '*i !i i! DU U U C t3 "#c !-t t3! &ic cB c%nh D. CB x i! nh" '0y nn cB x t3! &ic chun& c%nh D s6hfn& 6 t3! &ic D< 'e t9nh Rrii ,01 Cu0n t"]n& tj nh" tRn tho thA tj t3 cB bU Ù YU PU K t3! &ic chun& c%nh U U U I. V0y ./ t3! &ic t%o th(nh C( : d _ x _ b _ ` _Y _P _ K w Ph st3! &ici. B$% &,: Q : Cho henh chX nh0t <CD. Chi3 !i c%nh D '( <C th(nh ` 1htn )\n& nh3uU < '( CD th(nh Y 1htn )\n& nh3uU Rri n/i cc i! chi3 nh" henh '{. T3 @! "#c)3o nhiu henh chX nh0t tRn henh '{m < C M D ;
G%2% : TR"*c h@t T3 cut cc henh chX nh0t t%o )i h3i o%n DU '( cc o%n n/i cc i! tRn h3i c%nh D '( <C. <\n& cch t"]n& tj nh" tRonh '9 $ K t3 t9nh "#c Kv henh. T"]n& tj t3 t9nh "#c ./ henh chX nh0t t%o th(nh $o h3i o%n '( M;U $o M; '( <C u )\n& Kv. Ti@1 tho t3 t9nh ./ henh chX nh0t t%o th(nh $o h3i o%n D '( M;U '( <C '*i cc o%n n/i cc i! tRn h3i c%nh D '( <C u )\n& Kv.
Ve '0y : S/ henh chX nh0t @! "#c tRn henh '{ C( : Kv _ Kv _ Kv _ Kv _ Kv _ Kv w xv shenhi G1 ./ xv henh. B$% &,: < :Ctn 9t nh^t )3o nhiu i! 6hi n/i C%i t3 "#c b henh tA &ic m G%2% : ;@u t3 ch| cB ` i! s tRon& B Chfn& cB Y i! n(o cZn& n\! tRn K o%n thn&i < the n/i C%i ch| "#c K henh tA &ic. - ;@u t3 chn b i!U chn& h%n U <U CU DU stRon& B 6hfn& cB Y i! n(o n\! tRn cZn& !-t o%n thn&i the : - ;@u t3 chn C( K |nh the 6hi chn th! Y tRon& ./ ` i! cn C%i D C <U CU DU '( n/i C%i t3 .{ "#c !-t tA &ic cB !-t |nh C( . CB ` cch chn Y i! tRon& ./ ` i! <U CU DU &hu1 '*i . V0y cB ` tA &ic |nh . - CB K tA &ic 6hfn& nh0n C(! |nhU $B C( <CD. T? 6@t Du+ tRn 2y t3 .uy R3 Qhi cB b i! t3 "#c b tA &ic. V0y cB b henh tA &ic t3 ctn 9t nh^t b i! 6hc nh3u stRon& B 6hfn& cB Y i! n(o n\! tRn cZn& !-t o%n thn&i B$% 4 : Cho b i! U <U CU DU tRon& B 6hfn& cB Y i! n(o n\! tRn cZn& !-t o%n thn&. H>i 6hi n/i cc i! tRn t3 "#c )3o nhiu o%n thn&m CSn& h>i nh" th@ 6hi cB x i!U Kv i!. B$% o : G cB Kv o%n thn& t3 ctn 9t nh^t )3o nhiu i! m `L Bi tp v nh B$% 1 : Cho t3! &ic <C. TRn c%nh <C t3 C^y : 3i b i! z )i Kv i! z ci Kvv i! . H>i cB )3o nhiu t3! &ic "#c henh th(nh m B$% Q : Ctn 9t n!h^t )3o nhiu i! n/i C3i t3 "#c : 3i ` henh t3! &ic m )i b henh t3! &ic B$% < : cho henh chX nh0t <CD. TRn c%nh < C^y b i! '( tRn c%nh CD C^y x i!. ;/i |nh C '( |nh D '*i !i i! thu-c c%nh <. ;/i |nh '( |nh < '*i !i i! thu-c c%nh CD. H>i cB )3o nhiu t3! &ic cB cc |nh n\! tRn cc c%nh c[3 henh chX nh0t "#c t%o th(nh m B$% 4 : Cho henh th3n& <CD. Chi3 c%nh y < '( CD th(nh C Y 1htn )\n& nh3u '( cc c%nh )n <U CD th(nh ` 1htn )\n& nh3u nh" henh '{. T3 @! "#c )3o nhiu henh th3n& tRn henh '{ m D B$% o : Cho t3! &ic <C. TRn !i c%nh c[3 t3! &ic t3 C^y !-t i! Rri n/i Y i! B '*i nh3u. TRn cc c%nh c[3 !i t3! &ic '?3 t%o th(nh t3 C%i C^y !-t i! Rri n/i Y i! B '*i nh3u. Ti@1 tc nh" th@ Y Ctn the $?n& C%i. H>i 6hi B t3 @! "#c t^t c+ )3o nhiu t3! &ic m BI K CC BI TON L{ DIuN TVCH CC H]NH I | H]NH T[z GIC I. MC TIU TIT DY : - HS n ! "#c !-t ./ t9nh ch^t c[3 henh t3! &ic - Ii+i "#c cc )(i ton ' $ipn t9ch henh t3! &ic - 45n 67 n8n& &i+i tonU Du3n .tU t9nh ton cho hc .inh . II. CHU:; <= - C2u h>i '( )(i t01 thu-c $%n& '?3 hc. - Cc 6i@n thAc cB Cin Du3n. III. CEC HFT GH;I DY HJC
KL Mn Nnh tO chAc C*1. PL Qi! tR3 )(i cS. Ii hc .inh C(! )(i t01 ' nh( &iT tR"*cU IV .W3 chX3. YL Ii+n& )(i !*i. Y.K Qi@n thAc ctn nh*. - Henh t3! &ic cB Y c%nhU Y |nh. G|nh C( i! P c%nh ti@1 &i1 nh3u. C+ Y c%nh u cB th C^y C(! y. - Chiu c3o c[3 henh t3! &ic C( o%n thn& h% t? |nh cu/n& y '( 'ufn& &Bc '*i y. ;h" '0y !i t3! &ic cB Y chiu c3o. Crng &hEc &6nh :
S w s3 c hi : P hw.cP:3 3w.cP:h
- H3i t3! &ic cB $ipn t9ch )\n& nh3u 6hi chln& cB y )\n& nh3u shogc y chun&iU chiu c3o )\n& nh3u shogc chun& chiu c3oi. - H3i t3! &ic cB $ipn t9ch )\n& nh3u the chiu c3o c[3 P t3! &ic An& '*i P c%nh y )\n& nh3u B cSn& )\n& nh3u. H3i t3! &ic cB $ipn t9ch )\n& nh3u 6hi y t3! &ic &^1 y t3! &ic &^1 chiu c3o t3! &ic )^y nhiu Ctn. Bi tp ng dng B$% 1 : Cho t3! &ic <C cB $ipn t9ch C( Kbv c! P. ;@u 6uo $(i y <C s' 1h93 <i b c! the $ipn t9ch .{ t8n& th! YdUb c!P . T9nh y <C c[3 t3! &ic. G%2% :
< H C b c! D Cch K : T? 6k "Tn& c3o H c[3 <C the H cSn& C( "Tn& c3o c[3 <D G"Tn& c3o H C( : YdUb c P : b w Kb sc!i Gy <C C( : Kbv c P : Kb w Pv sc!i G1 ./ Pv c!. Cch P : T? h% "Tn& c3o H 'ufn& &Bc '*i <C . G"Tn& c3o H C( "Tn& c3o chun& c[3 h3i t3! &ic <C '( <D . M( : T| ./ P $ipn t9ch t3! &ic C( : S <C Kbv w w` S <D YdUb H3i t3! &ic cB t| ./ $ipn t9ch C( ` !( chln& cB chun& "Tn& c3oUnn t| ./ P y cSn& C( `. Vy y <C C( : b c ` w Pv sc!i G1 ./ Pv c!. B$% Q : Cho t3! &ic <C 'ufn& cB c%nh < $(i P` c!U c%nh C $(i YP c!. Gi! M n\! tRn c%nh C. T? M 6k "Tn& .on& .on& '*i c%nh < c t <C t%i ;. Go%n M; $(i Kx c!. T9nh o%n M. G%2% : ;/i ;. T3 cB t3! &ic ;C cB ;M C( "Tn& c3o 'e M; < nn M; cSn& C C Dipn t9ch t3! &ic ;C C( YP c Kx : P w Pbx sc!Pi Dipn t9ch t3! &ic <C C( : P` c YP : P w Y`h sc!Pi Dipn t9ch t3! &ic ;< C( M ;
Yh` Pbx w KPh sc!Pi Chiu c3o ;Q h% t? ; cu/n& < C( : KPh c P : P` w Kv
P sc!i Y
<
Ve M; YY < nn tA &ic M;< C( henh th3n& 'ufn&. Do '0y M cSn& )\n& Kv G1 ./ Kv
P c! Y
P c! Y
B$% < : Cho t3! &ic <C 'ufn& . C%nh < $(i Ph c!U c%nh C $(i Yx c! M C( !-t i! tRn C '( cch C( a c!. T? M 6k "Tn& .on& .on& '*i < '( "Tn& n(y c t c%nh <C t%i ;. T9nh o%n M;. G%2% : C Ve M; YY < nn M; C t%i M. TA &icM;< C( henh th3n& 'ufn&. ;/i ;. T? ; h% ;H < the ;H C( chiu c3o c[3 t3! &ic ;< M '( c[3 henh th3n& M;< nn ;H w M '( C( a c!. H < Dipn t9ch t3! &ic ;< C( : Ph c a : P w KPx sc!Pi Dipn t9ch t3! &ic <C C( : Yx c Ph : P w bv` sc!Pi Dipn t9ch t3! &ic ;C C( : bv` KPx w Ydh sc!Pi Go%n M; $(i C( : Ydh c P : Yx w PK sc!i B$% 4 : T3! &ic <C cB $ipn t9ch C( av c! PU D C( i! ch9nh &iX3 <. TRn C C^y i! .3o cho &^1 fi C. T9nh $ipn t9ch D. G%2% : _ ;/i DC t3 cB - SCD w ;
K SC< P
D < C
s'e cZn& chiu c3o h% t? C cu/n& < '( y D< w D w av : P w `b c!Pi
P SD w Y SDC sVe cZn& chiu c3o h% t? D cu/n& C '( y

w
P `b 5 P Ci w w Yv sc!Pi Y Y
G1 ./ SD w Yv c!P B$% o : Cho t3! &ic <CU tRn < C^y i! DU .3o cho D w D w <. TRn C C^y i! HU Q .3o cho Q w HQ w QC. TRn <C C^y i! MU ; .3o cho <M w MC w ;C. T9nh $ipn t9ch DM;QHm <i@t $ipn t9ch t3! &ic <C C( Pdv c!P. G%2% : D Y H
K < M _ S<C sSK _ SP _ SYi w SDM;HQ - ;/i C '*i U t3 t9nh "#c : SC< w
Q P ; C
K K SC< sVe cZn& chiu c3o h% t? C cu/n& <U y < w <Ci. Y Y K H3y SK w S<C . a
_ T"]n& tj t3 t9nh : K SK w SP w SY w S<C '( )\n& Pdv : a w Yv sc!Pi a _ T? B t3 t9nh "#c : SDM;QH w Khv sc!Pi G1 ./ Khv c!P B$% H : Cho t3! &ic <CU cB <C w xv c!U "Tn& c3o H w Yv c!. TRn < C^y i! '( D .3o cho w D w D<. TRn C C^y i! I '( Q .3o cho I w IQ w QC. T9nh $ipn t9ch henh DIQm G%2% : ;/i <Q t3 cB : I - S<C w xv c Yv : P w avv sc!Pi D Q
P S<C sVe cZn& chiu c3o h% Y P t? < cu/n& C '( y Q w Ci Y

- S<Q w
<
S<Q w avv : Y c P w xvv sc!Pi ;/i Q t3 cB : - SI w SQD< s'e cZn& chiu c3o h% t? cu/n& H. Gy I- IQi -V(SQD w SQD< sVe cZn& chiu c3o h% t? Q cu/n& < '( y DwD<i. - Do B SIQ _ SQD w SI _ SQD< w
K S<Q P
- V0y SIQ _ SQD w xvv : P w Yvv sc!Pi H3y SIQD w Yvvc!P G1 ./ SIQ w Yvv c!P B$% K : Cho t3! &ic M;U C( i! ch9nh &iX3 c%nh ;. C( i! ch9nh &iX3 c%nh M;. H3i o%n M '( c t nh3u t%i I. Hy t9nh $ipn t9ch t3! &ic IM;m <i@t SM; } Khv c!P . G%2% : M ;/i ;IU t3 cB : K. - SM w S; sVe cB cZn& chiu c3o h% t? cu/n& M;U y M w ;i - SIM w SI; s'e cB cZn& chiu c3o h% t? I cu/n& M;U y M w ;i - Do B SIM w SI; I sHipu h3i $ipn t9ch )\n& nh3ui P. SM; w SM sVe cB cZn& chiu c3o h% t? M cu/n& ;U ; y ; w !( SI; w SI s'e cB cZn& chiu c3o h% t? I cu/n& ;U y ; w i Do B SIM; w SIM sIi+i th9ch nh" tRni. Q@t h#1 sKi '( sPi t3 cB : SIM w SI; w SIM; w S<C : Y w
K S<C w Khv : Y w xv sc!Pi Y
B$% p : Cho t3! &ic <C. Gi! M C( i! ch9nh &iX3 c%nh <. TRn c%nh C C^y ; )\n& KLP ;C. H3i o%n thn& <; '( CM c t nh3u t%i Q. Hy t9nh $ipn t9ch t3! &ic QCm <i@t $ipn t9ch t3! &ic Q< )\n& `P $! P. G%2% : ;/i QU t3 cB H _ SCM w SCM< s'e cB cZn& chiu c3o ; h% t? C cu/n& <U y M w M<i M I - M( SQM w SQ<M s'e cB cZn& Q chiu c3o h% t? Q cu/n& <U y M w M<i < - V0y SQC w S<QC s'e cZn& C( hipu c[3 h3i t3! &ic cB $ipn t9ch )\n& nh3ui _ SQ; w C
K K SQC; s'e cZn& chiu c3o h% t? Q cu/n& CU y ; w ;Ci P P
;@u coi U C C( |nh the P t3! &ic cB $ipn t9ch &^1 fi !( chun& y sQi '0y chiu c3o cSn& 1h+i &^1 fi nh3u. Do B : I w
K CH. P
- SQ< w SCQ< schun& y <QU chiu c3o I w
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V0y SQC w S<QC w S<Q c P w `P c P w h` s$!Pi Bi tp v nh B$% 1 : M-t thW3 ^t henh t3! &ic cB chiu c3o C( Kv !. H>i n@u 6uo $(i y th! ` ! the $ipn t9ch .{ t8n& th! )3o nhiu !Pm B$% Q : M-t thW3 ^t henh t3! &ic cB y C( Pb !. ;@u 6uo $(i y th! b ! the $ipn t9ch .{ t8n& th! C( bv ! P. T9nh $ipn t9ch !+nh ^t 6hi ch"3 ! R-n&. B$% < : Cho t3! &ic <C 'ufn& U c%nh < $(i b` c!U c%nh C $(i xv !. Gi! M tRn < cch C( Kv !. T? M 6k "Tn& .on& .on& '*i C c t c%nh <C t%i ;. T9nh o%n M;. B$% 4 : Cho t3! &ic <C cB <C w x c!. ,^y D C( i! ch9nh &iX3 c[3 CU 6uo $(i < !-t o%n < w <. ;/i D '*i U D c t <C M. T9nh <Mm B$% o : Cho t3! &ic <CU cB < w x c!. TRn C C^y i! D .3o cho D &^1 fi DC. TRn <C C^y i! .3o cho < w KLP CU Quo $(i D '( < c t nh3u I. T9nh <Im B$% H : Cho t3! &ic <CU i! D n\! tRn c%nh CU i! n\! tRn c%nh <C .3o cho : D w DCU < w YLP C. Cc o%n thn& '( <D c t nh3u Q. 3i <Q &^1 !^y Ctn QDm )i <i@t $ipn t9ch t3! &ic <C )\n& hv !P. T9nh $ipn t9ch henh DQCm II | H]NH TH[NG I. MC TIU TIT DY : - HS n ! "#c !-t ./ t9nh ch^t c[3 henh th3n& - Ii+i "#c cc )(i ton ' $ipn t9ch henh th3n& - 45n 67 n8n& &i+i tonU Du3n .tU t9nh ton cho hc .inh . II. CHU:; <= - C2u h>i '( )(i t01 thu-c $%n& '?3 hc. - Cc 6i@n thAc cB Cin Du3n. III. CEC HFT GH;I DY HJC KL Mn Nnh tO chAc C*1. PL Qi! tR3 )(i cS. Ii hc .inh C(! )(i t01 ' nh( &iT tR"*cU IV .W3 chX3. YL Ii+n& )(i !*i. Y.K Qi@n thAc ctn nh*. - M-t tA &ic cB h3i c%nh y C*nU y )u .on& .on& '*i nh3u &i C( henh th3n& sHenh 'ufn&U henh chX nh0t cSn& coi C( $%n& henh th3n& gc )ipti - Go%n thn& &iX3 h3i y c[3 henh th3n& '( 'ufn& &Bc '*i h3i y C( "Tn& c3o c[3 henh th3n&. Mi chiu c3o c[3 henh th3n& u )\n& nh3u. _ Cc 8oi hVnh th&ng - Henh th3n& 'ufn& cB !-t c%nh )n 'ufn& &Bc '*i h3i y c[3 henh th3n&. Henh th3n& 'ufn& cB h3i &Bc 'ufn&.
- Henh th3n& c2n cB P c%nh )n )\n& nh3u. - Cc henh th3n& 6hfn& cB iu gc )ipt tRn &i C( henh th3n& th"Tn& CUNG TH~C
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Y.P Bi tp vn dng B$% 1 :Cho henh th3n& <CD. H3i "Tn& chuo C '( <D c t nh3u t%iw I. S Te! cc cg1 t3! &ic cB $ipn t9ch )\n& nh3u. 3_) cP :h T3 cB Y c31 t3! &ic cB $ipn t9ch )\n& nh3u C( S D< w S<C s'e cZn& y < c chiu c3o chi3 Pi SCD w S<CD SID w SI<C Ve chln& u C( 1htn $ipn t9ch cn C%i c[3 P t3! &ic cB $ipn t9ch )\n& nh3u '( cB chun& K 1htn $ipn t9ch. sT3! &ic ICD hogc I<i I D C <
B$% Q : Cho henh th3n& <CD cB y nh> < C( Pd c!U y C*n CD C( `h c!. ;@u 6uo $(i y nh> th! b c! the $ipn t9ch c[3 henh t8n& `v c!P. T9nh $ipn t9ch henh th3n& cho. Ii+i : cchK Pd < b C< cB : Gy < w b c!U chiu c3o C( chiu `v c!P c3o c[3 henh th3n& <CD . V0y chiu c3o c[3 henh th3n& <CD C( : `v c P : b w Kx sc!i Dipn t9ch henh th3n& <CD C( : sPd _ `hi c Kx : P w xvv sc!Pi Cch P : TOn& h3i y henh th3n& &^1 y < C( : sPd _ `hi : b w Kb sCtni H3i henh sth3n& '( t3! &ici cB chiu c3o chun& nn $ipn t9ch henh th3n& &^1 Kb Ctn $ipn t9ch <C Dipn t9ch t3! &ic <C C( : `v c Kb w xvv sc!Pi B$% < : Cho henh th3n& <CD cB y C*n CD C( Pv c!U y nh> < C( Kb c!. M C( !-t i! tRn < cch < C( b c!. ;/i M '*i C. T9nh $ipn t9ch henh th3n& !*i MCD. <i@t $ipn t9ch t3! &ic M<C C( Phv c! P. G%2% : [ z B Gy !*i M C( : Kb b w Kv sc!i TOn& h3i y M '( CD C( : Kv _ Pv w Yv sc!i M < Chiu c3o henh th3n& <CD C( : Phv c P : b w KKP sc!i D C Dipn t9ch henh th3n& <CD C( : Yv c KKP : P w Kxhv sc!Pi Cch @ ;/i '*i C T3 cB o%n M C( : Kb b w Kv sc!i Dipn t9ch t3! &ic CM &^1 P Ctn ipn t9ch t3! &ic MC< Dipn t9ch t3! &ic CM w Phv c P w bxv sc!Pi s'e M &^1 <M h3i Ctn '( "Tn& c3o h3i t3! &ic )\n& nh3ui D `h C
DC '( MC< cB : DC &^1 M< C( Pv : b w ` s Ctni G"Tn& c3o chun& nn $ipn t9ch t3! &ic DC &^1 $ipn t9ch t3! &ic MC< ` Ctn. Dipn t9ch t3! &ic DC C( : Phv c ` w KKPv sc!Pi B$% 4 : M-t thW3 Ru-n& henh th3n& cB $ipn t9ch C( YxKUh ! P. Gy C*n h]n y nh> C( KYUb !. Hy t9nh - $(i c[3 !i yU )i@t R\n& n@u t8n& y C*n th! bUx ! the $ipn t9ch thW3 Ru-n& .{ t8n& th! YUx ! P. Ii+i : Chiu c3o c[3 henh th3n& C( : < YYUx c P : bUx w KP s!i TOn& h3i y henh th3n& C( : YxKUh cP : KP w xvUY s!i y nh> c[3 henh th3n& C( : sxvUY KYUbi : P w PYU` s!i Gy C*n c[3 henh th3n& C( : YYUx !P PYU` _ KYUb w YxUa s!i. D H C B$% o : M-t henh th3n& cB chiu c3o C( Kv !U hipu P y C( PP !. Quo $(i y nh> )\n& y C*n henh cho th(nh henh chX nh0t cB chiu $3i$ )\n& y C*nU chiu R-n& )\n& chiu c3o henh th3n&. Dipn t9ch "#c ! R-n& th! )\n& KLd $ipn t9ch henh th3n& cS. htn ! R-n& ' 1h93 t3y 1h+i cB $ipn t9ch C( av !P. T9nh y C*n c[3 henh th3n& )3n tu. Ii+i : < I Gy <I c[3 C<I C( : av c P : Kv w Kh s!i av c! P Gy c[3 D C( : PP Kh w ` s!i Dipn t9ch P 1htn ! R-n& C( : Pv _ av w KKv s!Pi Dipn t9ch henh th3n& <CD C( : KKv c d w ddv s!Pi D C TOn& h3i y < '( CD C( : ddv c P : Kv w Kb` s!i Gy CD C( : sKb` _ PPi : P w hh s!i B$% H : Cho henh th3n& 'ufn& <CDU cB y nh> < C( `v !. ,^y tRn DU I tRn <C .3o cho I chi3 henh th3n& <CD C(! h3i henh th3n& cB "Tn& c3o C( Yv ! '( D C( Kv !. T9nh $ipn t9ch henh th3n&<I '( ICD. Ii+i : ;/i I '*i U I '*i D `v ! < Dipn t9ch <CD C( :
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Dipn t9ch I< C( : `v ! s`v c Yvi : P w xvv s!Pi Dipn tich IDC C( : I xv c Kv : P w Yvv s!Pi Kv ! Dipn t9ch ID C( : D C Pvvv sxvv_Yvvi w KKvv s!Pi xv ! V0y I C(: KKvv c P : `v w bb s! i Dipn t9ch <I C( : sbb _ `v i c Yv : P w K`Pb s!Pi Dipn t9ch ICD C(: s xv _ bbi c Kv : P w bdb s!Pi <(i x: Cho henh th3n& <CD cB $ipn t9ch C( xv!P U i! MU ;U U C( i! ch9nh &iX3 c[3 cc c%nh <U <CU CDU D T9nh $ipn t9ch tA &ic M;. Ii+i : M 6uo $(i c t DC t%i z M; 6uo $(i c t DC t%i T3 cB $ipn t9ch henh th3n& <CD )\n& $ipn t9ch t3! &ic M Dipn t9ch M w$ipn t9ch M sy )\n& nh3uU "Tn& c3o chun&i Dipn t9ch M; w $ipn t9ch ; M <
sy M; w ;U "Tn& c3o chun&i Dipn t9ch M w $ipn t9ch sy Mw U "Tn& c3o chun&i ; ;n $ipn t9ch M; w KLP $ipn t9ch M . H3y $ipn t9ch M; wKLP $ipn t9ch henh th3n&<CD '( )\n& xv : P w Yv sc!Pi D C G1 ./: Yv c!P B$% K: Te! $ipn t9ch c[3 !-t henh th3n&)i@t R\n& n@u 6uo $(i y )u P! ' !-t 1h93 the t3 "#c henh 'ufn& cB chu 'i P`!. Ii+i: Tho )(i R3 henh th3n& 'ufn&. Gy < P! M C*n )\n& c%nh henh 'ufn& MCD '( chiu c3o henh th3n& cSn& )\n& c%nh henh 'ufn&. C%nh henh 'ufn& MCD C(: P` : ` wx s!i Gy )u henh th3n& <CDC(: x P w `s!i Dipn t9ch henh th3n& <CD C(: D C
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`.B$% &,: 7@ nh$ B$% 1 : M-t thW3 Ru-n& henh th3n& cB tRun& )enh c-n& P y C( YP !. ;@u y C*n t8n& Kx !U y nh> t8n& Kv ! the $ipn t9ch thW3 Ru-n& .{ t8n& th! KYv !P. T9nh $ipn t9ch thW3 Ru-n& B. B$% Q : Cho henh th3n& <CD cB y nh> <. H3i "Tn& chuo CU <D c t nh3u t%i v. T9nh $ipn t9ch henh th3n& B )i@t $in t9ch henh t3! &icF< C( Kb c!PU $ipn t9ch t3! &ic <FC C( Yv c!P. B$% < : M-t !i@n& ^t henh th3n& cB $ipn t9ch dvbUb ! PU y C*n h]n y )u h !U n@u y C*n "#c t8n& th! x ! the !i@n& ^t cB $ipn t9ch )\n& dbxUb !P. T9nh - $(i !i y henh th3n&. B$% 4 : TRun& )enh c-n& h3i y c[3 !-t thW3 Ru-n& henh th3n& )\n& Y` !. ;@u t8n& y )u th! KP ! the $ipn t9ch thW3 Ru-n& t8n& th! KK` !P. Hy te! $ipn t9ch thW3 Ru-n&. B$% o : Cho henh th3n& <CD y < w Yv c! '( CD w `b c!. C '( <D c t nh3u t%i F. Cho )i@t $ipn t9ch t3! &ic F< C( Khv c!P. Hy t9nh $ipn t9ch henh th3n&. B$% H : Cho henh th3n& <CDU h3i y < '( CD. Cc c%nh )n D '( <C 6uo $(i c t nh3u Q. Cho )i@t $ipn t9ch t3! &ic QCD &^1 KUb Ctn $ipn t9ch t3! &ic QC. T9nh cc c%nh y c[3 henh th3n& B n@u )i@t $ipn t9ch c[3 henh th3n& C( Ydb c!P '( chiu c3o c[3 nB C( Kv c!. III | CC BI TON L{ CT GHP H]NH I. MC TIU TIT DY : - HS n ! "#c !-t ./ t9nh ch^t c[3 henh th3n& - Ii+i "#c cc )(i ton ' $ipn t9ch henh th3n&
- 45n 67 n8n& &i+i tonU Du3n .tU t9nh ton cho hc .inh . II. CHU:; <= - C2u h>i '( )(i t01 thu-c $%n& '?3 hc. - Cc 6i@n thAc cB Cin Du3n. III. CEC HFT GH;I DY HJC KL Mn Nnh tO chAc C*1. PL Qi! tR3 )(i cS. Ii hc .inh C(! )(i t01 ' nh( &iT tR"*cU IV .W3 chX3. YL Ii+n& )(i !*i. Y.K. L,$ Z Cc )(i ton ' c t &hu1 henh th"Tn& &g1 $"*i h3i $%n& : Ki <\n& !-t ./ nut 6k hy chi3 !-t henh cho tR"*c R3 th(nh nhXn& 1htn cB $ipn t9ch t| Cp '*i cc ./ cho tR"*c. Pi <\n& !-t ./ nh^t c t hy chi3 !-t henh cho tR"*c th(nh hXn& !+nh nh> &hu1 C%i t3 "#c !-t henh cB henh $%n& cho tR"*c. h"]n& 1h1 chun& &i+i cc )(i ton n(yU t3 .{ !inh ho% )\n& cc '9 $ c th $"*i 2y. Y.P. B$% &,: 7,n IMng B$% 1 : Hy chi3 !-t henh chX nh0t th(nh ` henh t3! &ic cB $ipn t9ch )\n& nh3u m Ii+i : u^t 1ht t? nh0n cut : - H3i t3! &ic cB cZn& chiu c3o '( ./ o c[3 y )\n& nh3u the )\n& nh3u. - H3i t3! &ic cB chun& y '( ./ o c[3 "Tn& c3o )\n& nh3u the $ipn t9ch )\n& nh3u. < T3 &i+i )(i ton tRn . TR"*c h@t t3 6k "Tn& chuo C henh chX nh0t th(nh h3i t3! &ic cB$ipn t9ch )\n& nh3u. C D <2y &iT t3 chi3 !i t3! &ic <C '( DC th(nh h3i t3! &ic cB $ipn t9ch )\n& nh3u. ;h" '0y t3 "#c !-t CTi &i+i c[3 )(i ton. Cch ? Chn C C(! y chun& c[3 P t3! &ic .{ chi3 R3. ;h" '0y "#c P t3! < &ic )\n& nh3u cB cZn& "Tn& c3o h% t? < s'( t? Di cu/n& C the 1h+i chi3 y C th(nh P 1htn )\n& nh3u )i F i! F. ;/i <F '( DF t3 "#c cc t3! &ic <FU <FCU CFD '( DF tho+ C D !n cc iu 6ipn c[3 )(i. Cch @ Chn P c%nh <C '( D C(! y c[3 P t3! &ic .{ chi3 R3. M ;h" '0y cc t3! &ic "#c chi3 R3 t? t3! &ic <C cB < C chun& "Tn& c3o < cho nn t3 1h+i chi3 y <C th(nh P 1htn cB ./ o )\n& nh3u )i i! M.T"]n& tj chi3 D )i i! ;. ;/i MU C; t3 "#c ` t3! &ic <MU MCU C; '( C;D tho+ ; D !n iu 6ipn c[3 )(i Cch L Chn h3i c%nh < '( CD C(! y c[3 t3! &ic .{ chi3 R3. ;h" '0y cc t3! &ic "#c chi3 t? t3! &ic <C cB chun& "Tn& c3o C< th(nh P 1htn cB ./ o )\n& nh3u )i i! . T"]n& tj t3 chi3 CD th(nh P 1htn )i i! H. ;/i C '( H t3 "#c ` t3! &ic CU C<U DHU '( HC tho+ !n iu 6ipn )(i. Cch X h/i h#1 cch K '( cch P nh" henh '{
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C H D
;&o(i R3 cn cB th chi3 tho cc cch 6hc. B$% Q : Cho !+nh )e3 henh tA &ic <CD. <\n& !-t Ctn c t s6hfn& nh^c 6uoi hy chi3 !+nh )e3 B th(nh h3i 1htn cB $ipn t9ch )\n& nh3u. Ii+i : Qk "Tn& chuo <D. <\n& C01 Cu0n nh" tRon& '9 $ C hU chn i! &iX3 F c[3 <D. ;/i FU CF. T3 c t < !+nh )e3 tho nut '{ chiu !Si tn .{ "#c P !+nh )e3 <CF '( DCF tho+ !n iu 6ipn c[3 )(i. F D `. Bi tp v nh B$% 1 : Cho K !+nh )e3 henh chX nh0t cB chiu $(i a c! '( chiu R-n& ` c!. )\n& K nht c t s6hfn& nh^c 6uoi hy chi3 !+nh )e3 th(nh P !+nh &hu1 C%i "#c !-t henh 'ufn& cB cZn& $ipn t9ch. B$% Q : Hy c t !-t !+nh )e3 henh chX nh0t th(nh h3i !+nh &hu1 C%i t3 "#c !-t henh th3n& cB : 3i y C*n &^1 Y Ctn y nh> z )i Gy C*n &^1 b Ctn y nh>. B$% < : Hy c t !-t !+nh )e3 henh th3n& th(nh cc !+nh nh> &hu1 C%i t3 "#c : 3i M-t t3! &ic )i M-t henh th3n& ci M-t henh chX nh0t B$% 4 : Cho h3i !+nh )e3 henh 'ufn&. Hy c t h3i !+nh )e3 B th(nh cc !+nh nh> &hu1 C%i t3 "#c !-t henh 'ufn&. B$% o : Cho !-t !i@n& tfn henh chX nh0t cB chiu $(i &^1 h3i Ctn chiu R-n&. hy c t !i@n& tfn B &hu1 C%i "#c !-t !i@n& tfn henh 'ufn&. IL | H]NH TxN I. MC TIU TIT DY : - HS n ! "#c cch t9nh $ipn t9ch henh tRn '( cc y@u t/ cB Cin Du3n - Ii+i "#c cc )(i ton ' henh tRn - 45n 67 n8n& &i+i tonU Du3n .tU t9nh ton cho hc .inh . II. CHU:; <= - C2u h>i '( )(i t01 thu-c $%n& '?3 hc. - Cc 6i@n thAc cB Cin Du3n. III. CEC HFT GH;I DY HJC KL Mn Nnh tO chAc C*1. PL Qi! tR3 )(i cS. Ii hc .inh C(! )(i t01 ' nh( &iT tR"*cU IV .W3 chX3. YL Ii+n& )(i !*i. Y.K. Kin thc cn nh : - Cc cfn& thAc : C } I ) YUK` C w R c P c YUK` S w R c R c YUK` R w C : YUK` : P - H3i henh tRn cB )n 69nh shogc "Tn& 69nhi &^1 nh3u )3o nhiu Ctn the chu 'i c[3 chln& cSn& &^1 nh3u )3o nhiu Ctn. - H3i henh tRn cB t| ./ chu 'i C( 6 the t| ./ )n 69nh shogc "Tn& 69nhi )\n& 6 the t| ./ $ipn t9ch c[3 chln& C( 6 c 6 Y.P Bi tp vn dng B$% 1 : Te! $ipn t9ch henh 'ufn& )i@t $ipn t9ch henh tRn C( bvUP` c!P. Ii R C( )n 69nh c[3 henh tRn Dipn t9ch c[3 henh tRn C( : < R c R c YUK` Tho )(i R3 t3 cB : R c R c YUK` w bvUP` R c R w Kx RcRw`c` D C Rw` S/ o o%n thn& <D C( : ` c P w h sc!i
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Dipn t9ch henh 'ufn& <CD C( : Kx c P w YP sc!Pi B$% Q : M-t !i@n& )e3 henh tRn cB chu 'i YdUxh c!. t9nh $ipn t9ch !i@n& )e3 B : Ii+i : <n 69nh !i@n& )e3 C( : YdUxh : YUK` : P w x sc!i Dipn t9ch !i@n& )e3 C( : x c x c YUK` w KKYUv` sc!Pi G1 ./ KKYUv` c!P B$% < : Henh tRn cB chu 'i PKaUh c!U henh tRn < cB $ipn t9ch KKYUv` c!P. Henh tRn n(o cB )n 69nh C*n h]nm Ii+i : <n 69nh henh tRn C( : PKaUh : YUK` : P w Yb sc!i w YUb $!. Ii R C( )n 69nh henh tRn < t3 cB : R c R w KKYUv` : YUK` w Yx s$!i R w x $! Ve x } YUb nn )n 69nh henh tRn < C*n h]n )n 69nh henh tRn B$% 4 : <i@t t| ./ )n 69nh c[3 P henh tRn C( YL`.Hy t9nh t| ./ P chu 'iU P $ipn t9ch c[3 P henh tRn B. Ii+i : Ii RK C( )n 69nh c[3 henh tRn thA nh^tU RP C( )n 69nh c[3 henh tRn thA h3i Ii CK '( SK C( chu 'i '( $ipn t9ch c[3 henh tRn thA nh^t Ii CP '( SP C( chu 'i '( $ipn t9ch c[3 henh tRn thA h3i the :
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`. Bi tp v nh B$% 1 : Cho h3i henh tRn rn& t2!U henh tRn thA nh^t cB1 chu 'i KhUh` c! z Henh tRn thA h3i cB chu 'i YKUP c!. Hy t9nh $ipn t9ch henh '(nh 6huyn $o h3i henh tRn t%o th(nh. B$% Q : Dipn t9ch c[3 K henh tRn .{ th3y Oi nh" th@ n(o n@u t3 t8n& )n 69nh c[3 nB Cn Y Ctn. B$% < : H3i henh tRn cB hipu h3i chu 'i )\n& xUavh $!. Te! hipu P )n 69nh c[3 h3i henh tRn B. L |DIuN TVCH kRNG qR[NH, DIuN TVCH TON PHwN, TH` TVCH H]NH HP CHd NHTT, H]NH LTP PHXNG, H]NH Tx I. MC TIU TIT DY : - HS n ! "#c cch t9nh $ipn t9ch cun& Du3nhU $ipn t9ch to(n 1htn '( th t9ch c[3 cc henh : henh h-1 chX nh0tU C01 1h"]n&U henh tR. - V0n $n& C(! "#c cc )(i t01. - 45n 67 n8n& &i+i tonU Du3n .tU t9nh ton cho hc .inh . II. CHU:; <= - C2u h>i '( )(i t01 thu-c $%n& '?3 hc. - Cc 6i@n thAc cB Cin Du3n. III. CEC HFT GH;I DY HJC KL Mn Nnh tO chAc C*1. PL Qi! tR3 )(i cS. Ii hc .inh C(! )(i t01 ' nh( &iT tR"*cU IV .W3 chX3. YL Ii+n& )(i !*i. Y.K. Kin thc cn nh : HNnh h1: ch+ nh,& : Henh h-1 chX nh0t cB x !gt C( cc henh chX nh0tU cB Y 69ch th"*c C( chiu $(i 3U chiu R-n& )U chiu c3o c. ScD w ! c h w s3 _ )i c P c c ST w ScD _ SP w ScD _ 3 _ ) c P Vw3c)cc < HNnh !,: :hng Henh C01 1h"]n& cB x !gt C( cc henh 'ufn& )\n& nh3u. T^t c+ cc c%nh c[3 henh C01 1h"]n& u )\n& nh3u.
ScD w 3 c 3 c ` ST w 3 c 3 c x Vw3c3c3 C HNnh &FM henh tR cB h3i y C( h3i henh tRn )\n& nh3u ScD w R c P c YUK` c h ST w ScD _ R c R c YUK` c P V w R c R c YUK` c h Y.P. Bi tp vn dng B$% 1 : CB h henh C01 1h"]n&U !i henh cB c%nh )\n& P c!. @1 h henh B th(nh K henh C01 1h"]n& C*n. Te! $ipn t9ch cun& Du3nhU $iopn t9ch to(n 1htn '( th t9ch c[3 henh C01 1h"]n& C*n. Ii+i : h henh C01 1h"]n& t3 c@1 th(nh henh C01 1h"]n& C*n )3o &r! cB P ttn& !i ttn& cB ` henh C01 1h"]n& nh> C%nh c[3 henh C01 1h"]n& nh> C( P nn c%nh c[3 henh C01 1h"]n& C*n C( : P c P w ` sc!i Dipn t9ch cun& Du3nh C( : ` c ` c ` w x` sc!Pi Dipn t9ch to(n 1htn C( : ` c ` c x w ax sc!Pi Th t9ch C( : ` c ` c ` w x` sc!Pi B$% Q : CB Pd henh C01 1h"]n&U !i henh cB th t9ch h c!Y. @1 Pd henh B th(nh !-t henh C01 1h"]n& C*n. h>i henh C01 1h"]n& C*n cB c%nh C( )3o nhium Ii+i : T3 cB : hwPcPcP V0y !i henh C01 1h"]n& nh> cB y )\n& P c!. @1 Pd henh C01 1h"]n& nh> th(nh !-t henh C01 1h"]n& C*n cB Y ttn& !i ttn& cB Y h(n&U !i h(n& cB Y henh C01 1h"]n& nh>. ;n c%nh c[3 henh C01 1h"]n& C*n C( : P c Y w x sc!i G1 ./ x c! B$% < : M-t henh C01 1h"]n& cB $ipn t9ch cun& Du3nh )\n& x` c!P. T9nh th t9ch c[3 henh C01 1h"]n& B. G%2% : Dipn t9ch !-t !gt c[3 henh C01 1h"]n& C( : x` : ` w Kx sc!Pi T3 th^y Kx w ` c ` c%nh c[3 henh C01 1h"]n& C( ` Th t9ch c[3 henh C01 1h"]n& C( : ` c ` c ` w x` sc!Yi G1 ./ x` c!Y B$% 4 : M-t ) chA3 n"*c henh h-1 chX nh0tU o tRon& Cn& ) th^y chiu $(i )\n& PUb ! z chiu R-n& )\n& KU` ! z chiu c3o &^1 KUb Ctn chiu R-n&. H>i ) chA3 ty n"*c the "#c )3o nhiu C9t. G%2% : Chiu c3o c[3 ) n"*c C( : KU` c KUb w PUK s!i Th t9ch ) n"*c C( : PUb c KU` c PUK w dUYb s!Yi Y t3 cB : dUYb ! w dYbv $!Y w dYbv C9t G1 ./ dYbv C9t B$% o : M-t ci thZn& henh h-1 chX nh0t cB y C( henh 'ufn& cB chu 'i C( Pv $!. ;&"Ti t3 O '(o thZn& Kbv C9t $tu. H>i chiu c3o c[3 $tu tRon& thZn& C( )3o nhium G%2% : C%nh c[3 y thZn& C( : Pv : ` w b s$!i Dipn t9ch y thZn& C( : b c b w Pb s$!Pi T3 cB : Kbv C9t w Kbv $!Y Chiu c3o c[3 $tu tRon& thZn& C( :
Kbv : Pb w x s$!i G1 ./ x $!. B$% H : M-t 1hi@n henh h-1 chX nh0t cB chu 'i y )\n& xv $!U chiu $(i )\n& YLP chiu R-n& '( chiu c3o )\n& KLP chiu $(i. hi@n c2n ngn&``dKUP 6&. H>i K $!Y ngn& )3o nhiu 6i Cf &3!m G%2% : ;W3 chu 'i 1hi@n C( : xv : P w Yv s$!i Chiu $(i c[3 1hi@n C( : Yv : sY _ Pi c Y w Kh s$!i Chiu R-n& c[3 1hi@n C( : Yv Kh w KP s$!i Chiu c3o c[3 1hi@n C( : Kh : P w a s$!i Th t9ch c[3 1hi@n C( : Kh c KP c a w Ka`` s$!Yi Y K $! ngn& C( : ``dKUP : Ka`` w PUY s6&i 1 ./ PUY 6& B$% K: M-t henh chX nh0t cB chiu c3o x $!. ;@u t8n& chiu c3o th! P $! the th t9ch h-1 t8n& th! ax $! Y. T9nh th t9ch h-1. G%2% : Dipn t9ch y c[3 h-1 chX nh0t C( : ax : P w `h s$!Pi Th t9ch h-1 chX nh0t C( : `h c x w PPh s$!Yi Cch @ x $! .o '*i P $! the &^1 : x : P w Y sCtni htn t8n& th! '( henh h-1 chX nh0t cB chun& $ipn t9ch y '( chiu c3o henh h-1 chX nh0t &^1 Y C(3n 1htn t8n& th! nn th t9ch henh h-1 chX nh0t cSn& 1h+i &^1 Y Ctn th t9ch t8n& th!. '0y th t9ch henh h-1 chX nh0t C( : ax c Y w Phh s$!Yi G1 ./ : Phh $!Y B$% p : M-t c8n 1hn& $(i h !U R-n& x ! c3o b !. ;&"Ti t3 !u/n Duut 'fi tRtn nh( '( ` !gt t"Tn& tRon& 1hn&. TRn ` !jt t"Tn& cB P cW3 R3 '(o !i cW3 R-n& KUx ! c3o PUP ! '( ` cW3 .OU !i cW3 .O R-n& KUP ! c3o KUb !. Tin thu Duut 'fi K !ut 'urn& h@t Kbvv rn&. H>i tin cfn& Duut 'fi c8n 1hn& B h@t )3o nhiu m G%2% : Dipn t9ch ` !gt t"Tn& c[3 c8n 1hn& C( : sa _ xi c P c b w Kbv s!Pi Dipn t9ch tRtn nh( C( : a c x! w b` s!Pi Dipn t9ch ` cW3 .O C( : KUP c KUb c ` w dUP s!Pi Dipn t9ch P cW3 R3 '(o C( : PUP c KUx c P w dUv` s!Pi Dipn t9ch ctn Duut 'fi C( : sKbv _ bì sdUP _ dUvì w KhaUdx s!Pi Tin cfn& !"*n Duut 'fi C( : Kbvv c KhaUdx w Ph`x`v srn&i G1 ./ Ph`x`v rn& B$% s : M-t 1hn& h1 $(i h !U R-n& b !U c3o ` !. H>i 1h+i ! R-n& chiu $(i R3 th! )3o nhiu 1h&n& h1 cB th chA3 "#c xv n&"Ti '( !i n&"Ti cB [ Ùb !P 6hfn& 6h9 +! )+o .Ac 6hok m G%2% : Th t9ch c[3 h-i tR"Tn& .3u 6hi ! R-n& C( : Ùb c xv w Pdv s!Yi Dipn t9ch !gt )n c[3 h-i tR"Tn& C( : b c ` w Pv s!Pi Chiu $(i c[3 h-i tR"Tn& .3u 6hi ! R-n& C( : Pdv : Pv w KYUb s!i
Chiu $(i 1h+i ! R-n& th! C( : KYUb h w bUbs!i G1 ./ bUb ! B$% 1t : Ci ) chA3 n"*c nh( ! cB henh chX nh0tU o tRon& Cn& ) "#c chiu $(i KUb !U chiu R-n& C( KUP ! '( chiu c3o C( vUa !. < h@t n"*cU chN ! '?3 O '(o ) Yv &nh n"*c !i &nh `b C9t. H>i !gt n"*c cn cch !ipn& ) )3o nhiu '( ctn O th! )3o nhiu &nh n"*c nX3 ty ) m G%2% : S/ C9t n"*c O '(o ) C( : `b c Yv w KYbv sC9ti w KYbv $!Y w !KUYb !Y Dipn t9ch y ) C( : KUb c KUP w KUh s!Pi Mgt n"*c cch y ) C( : KUYb : KUh w vUdb s!i Mgt n"*c tRon& ) cch !ipn& ) C( : vUa vUdb w vUKb s!i Th t9ch ) C( : KUh c vUa w KUxP s!Yi w KxPv C9t S/ &nh n"*c ctn O ty ) C( : KxPv : `b w Yx s&nhi G ty ) ctn O th! C( : Yx Yv w x s&nhi G1 ./ vUKb ! '( x &nh. B$% 11 : @1 h henh C01 1h"]n& nh> cB c%nh ` c! th(nh !-t henh C01 1h"]n& C*n Rri .]n t^t c+ cc c%nh c[3 henh C01 1h"]n& C*n. H>i !i henh C01 1h"]n& nh> cB !^y !gt "#c .]n '( $ipn t9ch "#c .]n c[3 !i H, nh> C( )3o nhium G%2% : @1 h H, nh> th(nh K H, C*n &r! P ttn&U !i ttn& &r! ` henh C01 1h"]n& nh>U 'e th@ !i H, nh> u cB Y !gt "#c &hu1 '*i cc henh C01 1h"]n& 6hc. Cc !gt "#c &hu1 6hfn& "#c .]n. Ve H, cB x !gt nn ./ !gt "#c .]n C( : x Y w Y s!gti Dipn t9ch !-t !gt c[3 H, nh> C( : ` c ` w Kx sc!Pi Dipn t9ch !i H, nh> "#c .]n C( : Kx c Y w `h sc!Pi G1 ./ `h c!P B$% 1Q : ;&"Ti t3 ck K 6hlc & henh tR $(i b ! cB "Tn& 69nh y vUx ! th(nh K 6h/i henh h-1 chX nh0t cB y C( henh 'ufn& '( "Tn& chuo c[3 y )\n& "Tn& 69nh c[3 6hlc &. T9nh th t9ch c[3 ` t^! )e3 & "#c ck R3m G%2% : T3 chi3 y c[3 6hlc & HHC; th(nh P t3! &ic cB $ipn t9ch )\n& nh3u. Mi t3! &ic cB !-t c%nh y )\n& "Tn& 69nh c[3 6hlc & '( chiu c3o c[3 t3! &ic An& '*i c%nh y B )\n& vUx : P w oUY s!i Dipn t9ch t3! &ic C( :
vUx 5vUY w vUva s!Pi P

Dipn t9ch c[3 6hlc & HHC; C( : vUva c P w vUKh s!Pi Th t9ch 6h/i & HHC; C( : vUKh c b w vUa s!Yi Th t9ch 6hlc & henh tR C( : vUY c vUY c YUK` c b w KU`KY s!Yi Th t9ch ` t^! "#c ck R3 C( : KU`KY vUa w vUbKY s!Yi G1 ./ vUbKY !Y B$% 1< : Dipn t9ch to(n 1htn K ci h-1 6hfn& cB n 1 henh C01 1h"]n& C( bvv c! P. T9nh c%nh ci h-1 B. ;@u t8n& c%nh h-1 n(y Cn P Ctn the $ipn t9ch to(n 1htn t8n& Cn !^y Ctn m G%2% : Dipn t9ch K !gt C( : bvv : b w Kvv sc!Pi Ve Kvv w Kv c Kv nn c%nh H, C( Kv c! : C%nh h-1 6hi t8n& Cn P Ctn C( : Kv c P w Pv sc!i
Dipn t9ch to(n 1htn c[3 h-1 !*i C( : sPv c Pvi c b w Pvvv sc!Pi So '*i tR"*c $ipn t9ch to(n 1htn t8n& ./ Ctn C( : Pvvv : bvv w ` sCtni G1 ./ ` Ctn. B$% 14 : T9nh th t9ch henh C01 1h"]n& )i@t $ipn t9ch to(n 1htn '( $ipn t9ch cun& Du3nh c[3 henh B C( KPh c! P. G%2% : Hipu $ipn t9ch to(n 1htn '( $ipn tlch cun& Du3nh )\n& P Ctn $ipn t9ch y. V0y $ipn t9ch y C(: KPh : P w x` sc!Pi Ve x` w h c h c%nh H, C( h c! : Th t9ch henh C01 1h"]n& C( : h c h c h w bKP sc!Yi G1 ./ bKP c!Y `L Bi tp v nh : B$% 1 : M-t H, cB $ipn t9ch to(n 1htn )\n& Yh` c!P. T9nh $ipn t9ch cun& Du3nh '( th t9ch c[3 henh C01 1h"]n& B . B$% Q : M-t ci ) HHC; chA3 Kbvv C9t n"*c the ty )U )i@t y ) cB chu 'i h !U chiu $(i )\n& bLY chiu R-n&. T9nh chiu c3o c[3 )m B$% < : ;&"Ti t3 (o !-t ci &i@n& henh tR .2u x ! cB chu 'i y )\n& xUPh !U 1htn ^t C^y Cn t? &i@n& n&"Ti t3 ! 1 '(o !-t ci .2n henh chX nh0t cB chiu $(i h !U R-n& b !. H>i .2n "#c 1 th! K C*1 ^t $(y )3o nhium B$% 4 : h+i c@1 )3o nhiu henh C01 1h"]n& c%nh K c! "#c K henh C01 1h"]n& cB $ipn t9ch to(n 1htn C( Kbv ! P B$% o : M-t 6hlc & henh h-1 chX nh0t cB 69ch th"*c : $(i Y $!U R-n& PUb $!U c3o P $! "#c .]n c+ x !gt '( ! c t th(nh cc 6h/i h-1 nh> cB 69ch th"*c )\n& $(i Y c!U R-n& PUb c!U c3o P c! C(! r ch]i cho tRk !. H>i : C t "#c )3o nhiu 6h/i h-1 nh> s!%ch c t 6hfn& n& 6i. B$% H : H3i '0t th cB henh C01 1h"]n& '( cZn& ch^t Cipu nh"n& 69ch th"*c &^1 nh3u Y Ctn. TOn& 6h/i C"#n& c[3 P '0t th C( PK 6&. T9nh 6h/i C"#n& !i '0t th .

Chuyen de Bai Tap Toan Lop 4

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Chuyen de Bai Tap Toan Lop 4

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Chuyn ton tiu hc

`b Kx Kd `b Kb + Ph vUKh KPYv + vUa `bxd P + Y bYKv vUx K + ` + d + Kv + ... + bP + bb `K`

KUh 5Kvvvv w Kvvv Kh

Kaah 5Kaax + Kaad 5KK + Kahb Kaad 5Kaax Kaab 5Kaax

Kahh 5Kaax + Kaad 5KK + Kahb Kaad 5Kaax Kaab 5Kaax

Kahh 5Kaax + sKaax + Ki 5KK + Kahb Kaax 5sKaad Kaabi

Pvvv 5Kaax w Kvvv P 5Kaax

)U KPY` c bxdh c sxYv YKbi : Kaax cU

sK + P + ` + h + ... + bKPi 5sKvK5KvP KvK5KvK bv bKi z P + ` + h + Kx + ... + KvP` + Pv`h

;@u n C(! !-t !enh the .3u K &iT C(! "#c

;&"Ti thA )3 C(! con& cfn& 'ipc )3n tu tRon& : KP : b w

S/ &iT c+ )3 n&"Ti C(! con& cfn& 'ipc C(: `b c

K s) n"*ci dP K ) n"*c. KPv

M-t 1hlt !-t !enh 'i thA nh^t ch+y "#c

Do B !-t 1hlt 'i thA h3i ch+y !-t !enh "#c :

K K K w s) n"*ci dP KPv Khv

K w Khv s1hlti Khv

K d cdw scfn& 'ipci Kv Kv

Mi n&(y Hin C(! "#c :

Y K :aw scfn& 'ipci Kv Yv

Mi n&(y Qin C(! "#c :

K &i tRN c[3 ./ B. b

V0y 1h+i t8n& ./ !*i th!

K c[3 nB tAc C( Pb the "#c ./ )3n tu. ` K c[3 nB `

Kvv 5&5b w Kv Kvvvv 5&5b

xvvvvvv 5KvKUa w x KK` vvvv sGi Kvv

xKK`vvv 5KvKUa w xPYv Kxx sGi Kvv

xPYvKxx 5KvKUa w xY`hbYaUKb` sGi Kvv

KKv av _ w aa &i R3u thn& P Kvv Kvv

Yh` Pbx w KPh sc!Pi Chiu c3o ;Q h% t? ; cu/n& < C( : KPh c P : P` w Kv

Ve M; YY < nn tA &ic M;< C( henh th3n& 'ufn&. Do '0y M cSn& )\n& Kv G1 ./ Kv

s'e cZn& chiu c3o h% t? C cu/n& < '( y D< w D w av : P w `b c!Pi

P SD w Y SDC sVe cZn& chiu c3o h% t? D cu/n& C '( y

P S<C sVe cZn& chiu c3o h% Y P t? < cu/n& C '( y Q w Ci Y

K S<C w Khv : Y w xv sc!Pi Y

K K SQC; s'e cZn& chiu c3o h% t? Q cu/n& CU y ; w ;Ci P P

s`v + xvi 5 `v w Pvvv s!Pi P

sKP + Pdi 5K` w PdY sc!Pi P

Dipn t9ch t3! &ic <D C( :

YUK` 5<K5 P CK <K Y w w w C P YUK` 5 P 5< P 5< P < P `

YUK` 5<K5< P [K <K <K Y Y a w w c w c w [ P YUK` 5< P 5< P < P < P ` ` Kx

vUx 5vUY w vUva s!Pi P

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