Ghi ch: Cn b coi thi khng gii thch g thm. thi khng c s dng ti liu.

Bi tp 1 :Chuyn sang lc quan h:

Gii:
Bc 1. Tm quan h
a) Quan h gc
SINHVIEN
MaSV TenSV Ngaysinh Nam Diachi

MONHOC
MaMH TenMH SoTH

LOP
MaLop Lop Khoa GVCN LopTruong

b) Quan h pht sinh do chun ha
BANGDIEM
MaMH MaSV Diemthi

CHNG TRNH
MaMH MaLop HocKy

c) Chun ha quan h gia thc th LOP v thc th SINHVIEN
Mt lp c nhiu Sinh vin v mt Sinh vin ch thuc v mt lp nn quan h
SINHVIEN s c chun ha nh sau:



Ghi ch: Cn b coi thi khng gii thch g thm. thi khng c s dng ti liu.

SINHVIEN
MaSV TenSV Ngaysinh Nam Diachi MaLop

Bc 2. V(Em v cc Quan h ny ging nh s c l xong nh)

Bi tp 2: Vi tp ph thuc hm F( ab -> ce, bc -> eg, ef -> ah, cd -> fgh, ac-> fe, fg->eh
)
vi tp X=(a,c,d) xc nh tp bao ng X+
Bc 1.
X
+
= X={a,c,d}
Bc 2. C cd -> fgh nn thm fgh vo X
+

X
+
= {a,c,d,f,g,h}
Bc 3. (Lp li bc 2 cho n khi khng thm c thuc tnh mi vo X
+
)
+ C ac -> fe nn thm e vo X
+

X
+
= {a,c,d,e,f,g,h}
Dng v lp li tt c cc ph thuc hm m khng th thm c thuc tnh mi vo X
+

Bi tp 3 : ktra nm ngoi
Cu 1:
Xt bi ton qun l NHN KHU. qun l nhn khu ca mt tnh theo cc
thng tin m t vt tt sau: Mi gia nh c mt s h khu duy nht ghi y thng tin
ca ch khu: m, h tn, gii tnh, ngy sinh, a ch, s CMT, qu qun. Cc thnh vin
trong gia nh vi ch khu cng c lit k y cc thng tin trn v lin quan thng
qua: m quan h, tn quan h.
a. Hy xy dng m hnh thc th - lin kt ca bi ton.
b. Chuyn kt qu cu a sang m hnh quan h.
Gii:
Bc 1. Tm thc th
HOKHAU(MaHK, Hoten, Ngaysinh, Diachi, SoCMT, Quequan)
THANHVIEN(MaTV, Hoten, Ngaysinh, Diachi, SoCMT, Quequan)
Cu 2: Cho lc quan h = <U,F>
U = {A, B, C, D, E, I}; F = {D B, DCI, AEB, DI, DBI}
a) Tnh M = (X
+
\DC)
+
BCI S
+
vi X=ADB, S l mt siu kha bt k.
b) Ph thuc hm AC DE c thuc F
+
hay khng?
c) Tm F ti thiu ca lc
d) Tm dng chun cao nht ca ? Gii thch?
e) Kim tra lc con c tp thuc tnh U1 = DBC c t dng chun 3NF hay
khng?
Gii:
a) + Bc 1. Tm X
+



Ghi ch: Cn b coi thi khng gii thch g thm. thi khng c s dng ti liu.

X
+
= {ADBI}
Khi X
+
\DC = {ABI}
{ABI}
+
={ABI}
+ Bc 2. Tm siu kha
p dng thut ton tm kha ci tin ta c
TN={A,C,D,E}
TG={}
TD={B,I}
V tp TG l rng nn TN l kha v cng l siu kha nn S={A,C,D,E}
V S l siu kha nn S
+
={A, B, C, D, E, I}
Khi
(X
+
\DC)
+
BCI S
+
= S
+
= M = {A, B, C, D, E, I}
b) Ph thuc hm AC DE c thuc F
+
hay khng?
Mun xc nh AC DE c thuc F
+
hay khng ta i xc nh F c suy dn ra c
ph thuc hm AC DE hay khng. xc nh F c suy dn ra c ph thuc
hm AC DE hay khng th ta i xc nh {A,C}
+
trn F c cha DE hay khng?
{A,C}
+
= {A,C} khng cha DE nn Ph thuc hm AC DE khng thuc F
+
.
c) Tm F ti thiu ca lc
Bc 1. Tch cc ph thuc hm sao cho v phi ch cn mt thuc tnh.
F = {D B, DCI, AEB, DI, DBI}
Thnh
F = {D B, DCI, AEB, DI, DB,DI}
Bc 2. B cc thuc tnh d tha v tri. Chng ta b thuc tnh bn v tri, khi
v ch khi bao ng ca cc thuc tnh cn li c cha thuc tnh .
+ Xt DCI
- C D
+
={D,B,I} khng cha C nn C khng d tha.
- C C
+
={C} khng cha D nn D khng d tha.
Vy DCI khng c v tri d tha.
+ Xt AEB, tng t ta c AEB cng khng c v tri d tha.
Bc 3. Loi khi F cc ph thuc hm d tha.
Hai ph thuc hm di cng trong danh sch b d tha v n tn ti trc
F = {D B, DCI, AEB, DI}
C DCI l d tha v DI
Vy F = {D B, AEB, DI} l ph ti thiu cn tm.
d) Tm dng chun cao nht ca ? Gii thch?
V biu din ca di dng cc thc tnh nguyn thy l cc k t nn t nht
dng chun I. Vic tha nhn t nht dng chun I ng ngha vi vic s xem
xt c cc dng chun cao hn khng?
Lc quan h R dng chun 2(2NF-Second Normal Form) i vi tp ph
thuc hm F nu R dng chun 1 v mi thuc tnh khng kha u ph thuc
hm y vo mi kha ca R
V vy mun xc nh c dng chun 2NF hay khng trc ht ta cn tm tt c
cc Kha ca .
T a) ta c K={A,C,D,E} l Kha duy nht ca quan h


Ghi ch: Cn b coi thi khng gii thch g thm. thi khng c s dng ti liu.

Ta c cc thuc tnh khng kha bao gm { B,I}
Ta li c D B hay ni cch khc B ph thuc mt phn kha nn khng t
chun 2NF. Vy t chun cao nht l chun 1NF.
e) Kim tra lc con c tp thuc tnh U1 = {DBC} c t dng chun 3NF hay
khng?
F = {D B}
p dng thut ton tm kha tng t trong a) d dng tnh c DC l Kha duy
nht l K={DC}. M ta c D B hay B ph thuc vo mt phn Kha nn U1
khng l chun 2NF nn hin nhin khng phi chun 3NF.

Cu 3:
Cho bi ton qun l tit kim gm cc quan h sau
KH (MaKH, TenKH, SoCMT, DiaChi, DienThoai): Bng Khch Hng.
LOAITK (MaLoai, TenLoai, LoaiTien, MucLS): Bng Loi tit kim
SOTK (MaSo, MaKH, SoTien, MaLoai, NgayGui, NgayRut): S tit kim.
1. S dng i s quan h tr li cc cu hi sau:
a. Cho bit thng tin khch hng gi tin trong ngy 10/09/2012.

b. Cho bit loi tit kim no m khch hng cha gi.

)

c. Cho bit thng tin s tit kim c s tin trn 10.000 USD.

2. S dng ngn ng SQL tr li cc cu hi sau:
d. C bao nhiu loi tit kim huy ng trong nm 2013.
Select count(LOAITK. MaLoai) as TongsoLoai
From LOAITK, SOTK
Where LOAITK. MaLoai = SOTK. MaLoai and year(NgayGui) = 2013
e. Cho bit khch hng c KH01010 gi bao nhiu s tit kim trong nm 2012.
Select MaKH , count(MaSo) as Soso
From SOTK
Where MaKH = KH01010 and year(NgayGui) =2012
Group by MaKH
f. C bao nhiu s tit kim c s tin gi trn 1.000.000 VN trong thng 11 nm 2013
Select count(MaSo) as Soso
From SOTK
Where year(NgayGui)=2013 and Month(NgayGui)=11 and SoTien>1.000.000

Cu 4:
Cho Q1(A,B,C,D) v Q2 = (C, I, L M). Chuyn cc cu hi sau sang SQL:
1.
C
(Q1)
C
(Q2*Q1)
2.
A,C,D,I
(Q1*Q2)
C
(Q2)


Ghi ch: Cn b coi thi khng gii thch g thm. thi khng c s dng ti liu.


K hiu l k hiu g em? Php chiu khng s dng k php ny. V khng hiu
ngha nn A cha chuyn c.
Bi tp 4 : Cho R=(U,F) vi U=( a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h)
F=(ab->ce,bc->eg,ef->ah,cd->fgh,ac->fe,fg->eh)
Tm ph ko d tha ca tp ph thuc hm F.
Gii:
Bc 0. F = F
Bc 1.
Xt F/ {ab->ce} F
t F = F/ {ab->ce} = (bc->eg,ef->ah,cd->fgh,ac->fe,fg->eh)
Tm {ab}
+
trn F
{ab}
+
= {ab} khng cha ce nn ab->ce khng d tha.
Bc 2.
Xt F/ {bc->eg} F
t F = F/ {bc->eg} = (ab->ce,ef->ah,cd->fgh,ac->fe,fg->eh)
Tm {bc}
+
trn F
{bc}
+
= {bc} khng cha ce nn bc->eg khng d tha.
Bc 3. Thc hin xt tng t cho cc ph thuc hm cn li
Bi tp 5 : Cho R=(U,F) vi U=( a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h)
F=(ab->ce,bc->eg,ef->ah,cd->fgh,ac->fe,fg->eh)
Xc inh dng chun cao nht ca lc quan h R vi tp F
Bc 1. Tm kha
TN={bd}
TG ={acefg}
TD={h}
TN X X TN (X TN)
+
S K
bd a abd abcdefgh abd abd
bd c bcd bcdefgh
bd e
bd f
bd g
bd ac
bd ae
bd af
bd ag
bd ce
bd cf
bd cg
bd ef
bd eg
bd fg






Ghi ch: Cn b coi thi khng gii thch g thm. thi khng c s dng ti liu.


Bi tp 6 : D liu trn mail lp. Thc hnh ri vit cu lnh SQL v kt qu ra .