MT S DC LIU CHA SAPONIN

CAM THO
Radix Glycyrrhizae
Chi Glycyrrhiza c nhiu loi v th khc nhau. Dc in
Vit Nam IV quy nh dng r phi hay sy kh ca 3 loi
Cam tho l: Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisher., Glycyrrhiza
Inflata Bat. v Glycyrrhiza glabra L., h u (Fabaceae).
c im thc vt
Cy nh mc nhiu nm, c mt h thng r v thn ngm rt pht trin.
Thn ngm di t c th m ngang n 2 m. T thn ngm ny li
mc ln cc thn cy trn mt t. Thn cy mc ng cao 0,5 - 1,5 m.
Thn yu, l kp lng chim l, c 9 - 17 l cht hnh trng. Hoa hnh
bm mu tm nht; loi G. glabra c cm hoa dy hn loi G. uralensis.
Qu loi u, loi G. glabra nhn v thng, loi G. Uralensis qu cong v
c lng cng.
Thnh phn ha hc (ca Glycyrrhiza glabra L.)
Saponin l hp cht quan trng nht trong Cam tho, trong acid
glycyrrhizic (cn gi l acid glycyrrhizinic) l cht quan trng nht.
Acid glycyrrhizic l mt saponin nhm oleanan, c v rt ngt (gp 60 ln
ng saccharose), ch c trong b phn di mt t, hm lng t
10 - 14 % trong dc liu kh.


Flavonoid l nhm hp cht quan trng th hai trong r Cam tho vi
hm lng 3 - 4 %. Liquiritin v isoliquiritin l hai cht quan trng nht.
Ngoi ra cn c khong 30 flavonoid thuc cc nhm khc nhau:
isoflavan, isoflaven v isoflavon...
Cc dn cht coumarin: umbelliferon, herniarin, liqcoumarin.
Ngoi ra trong r Cam tho cn c 20 - 50 % tinh bt, 3 - 10 % glucose v
saccharose.
Tc dng v cng dng
Dch chit Cam tho c tc dng chng co tht v chng lot d dy do
khng c Helicobacter pylori nh cc flavonoid.
Tc dng long m do cc saponin.
Glycyrrhizinb tc dng tng t cortison: gi nc trong c th km theo
tch t cc ion Na
+
v Cl
-
v tng thi ion K
+
, gim lng nc tiu, tng
huyt p. Nu dng Cam tho mt thi gian lu di th d gy ph.
Cc flavonoid c trong Cam tho c tc dng chng oxy ha, ngn nga
x va ng mch, gim tch ly m bng, khng khun v h ng
huyt.
Cam tho c tc dng nng cao kh nng min dch ca c th.
Cao tho dng lm thuc cha ho, cha lot d dy.
Trong bo ch, Cam tho c dng lm t dc iu v lm gim cc
v kh ung ca cc ch phm. Dng trong cc loi tr, nc ung v lm
thm thuc l.

CAM THO DY
Herba Abri precatorii
Dc liu l b phn trn mt t ca cy Cam tho dy (Abrus precatorius L.),
phn h u (Faboideae), h u (Fabaceae).
c im thc vt
Cam tho dy l mt loi dy leo nh, thn c nhiu si, l kp lng chim c 8 - 20
i l cht nh (15 x 5 mm). Hoa mu hng, hnh cnh bm. Qu di 3 cm, rng
12-15 cm, dy 7 - 8 mm. Ht hnh trng, v ht rt cng, bng, mu , c mt
im en ln quanh rn ht. Cam tho dy mc hoang b bi v c trng
nhng khng nhiu.
B phn dng
Dng dy v l, khng dng qu v ht.
Thnh phn ha hc
L v dy c cc saponin: abrusosid A, B, C, D v E.
y l thnh phn chnh c v rt ngt.
Ngoi saponin, l v dy cn cha cc flavonoid l luteolin,
abrectorin, orientin, isoorientin, abrusin ...
Tc dng v cng dng
Saponin trong Cam tho dy c tc dng khng vim.
Nhn dn ta dng Cam tho dy cha ho, gii cm v dng
thay th cho Cam tho trong mt s trng hp.

VIN CH
Radix Polygalae
Vin ch l r phi hay sy kh ca mt s loi thuc chi Polygala.
Dc in Vit Nam IV quy nh 2 loi: Vin ch l nh (Polygala tenuifolia Willd.)
v Vin ch (Polygala sibirica L.), h Vin ch (Polygalaceae).
c im thc vt
Vin ch thuc loi cy nh, sng dai. T gc mc ln nhiu thn nh. Thn loi
Vin ch l nh nhn, cn loi Vin ch Siberi th c lng t ngn. L mc so le,
khng cung. Loi Vin ch l nh phin l hp, nhn; cn loi Seberi phin rng
hn, hnh mc. Cm hoa chm. i khng u cn li trn qu, 5 l i c hai l
bn pht trin thnh cnh; 3 cnh hoa mu xanh dnh li thnh ng khng u; 8
nh dnh lin thnh 1 b. Bu thng, 2 . Qu nang.
B phn dng
R hnh tr cong queo di 10 - 15 cm, ng knh 0,3
0,8 cm. Mt ngoi mu xm nu nht, c nhng np
nhn ngang v dc. Lp v dy d tch khi lp g.
Lp v mu nu nht, lp g mu vng ng. V ng
nng. Loi "Vin ch nhc" l Vin ch rt b lp g.
Thnh phn ha hc
R Vin ch cha saponin thuc loi saponin triterpenoid nhm olean. Cc thnh
phn sapogenin trc y xc nh c trong mt s loi Vin ch bng thy phn
acid nh senegenin, acid senegenic, hydroxysenegenic v sau c xc nh l
nhng artifact. Sapogenin tht s c xc nh li l presenegenin.
Trn 18 saponin c bit trong Vin ch l nh c cng b. Sapogenin
ca cc cht ny l presenegenin.
Tc dng v cng dng
Vin ch c tc dng bo v cc t bo thn kinh. Cc th nghim dc l cho
thy cao chit Vin ch c tc dng gia tng tr nh, chng thoi ha cc t bo
thn kinh, sa cha cc tn thng trn thn kinh vn gy ra ri lon hnh vi v
tr nh.
Ung vi liu thch hp, saponin c trong Vin ch c kch thch s bi tit nim
dch kh qun, c tc dng cha ho, long m, kch thch s bi tit nc bt,
bi tit cc tuyn da v thng tiu.
Ngoi ra, Vin ch v senegin II v III c tc dng h ng huyt. Mt s
senegasaponin c tc dng c ch hp thu ethanol ng tiu ha.
Ngoi cng dng cha ho, y hc dn tc c truyn cn s dng Vin ch phi
hp vi cc v thuc khc iu tr thn kinh suy nhc, hay ht hong; thuc
an thn, nng cao tr lc cha chng hay qun nn c tn l "Vin tr".

CT CNH
Radix Platycodi
Dc liu l r ca cy Ct cnh (Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC.), h
Hoa chung (Campanulaceae).
c im thc vt
Cy tho sng dai. Thn cao 50 - 80 cm. L gn nh khng cung mc i hoc
vng 3 - 4 chic, phin l hnh trng di 3 - 6 cm, rng 1 - 2,5 cm, mp c rng
ca to. L pha ngn nh, c khi mc so le. Hoa mc ring l hoc thnh chm
tha. i mu xanh hnh chung rng. Trng hnh chung mu l nht. Qu
hnh trng ngc. Mc hoang v trng Trung Quc. Hin nay
nc ta cn phi nhp.
B phn dng

R c o vo thu ng nhng cy c 3 - 4 nm
, ra sch t ct phi hay sy kh. R hnh tr, pha di
thon nh li, di 15 - 20 cm ng knh 1 - 2 cm, thng t
phn nhnh. Pha trn cn st li gc ca thn. Mt ngoi
mu trng ng c nhng vt nhn ngang, dc v vt so
ca r con. Vt b khng phng, mu trng. V hi ngt, sau ng. Loi r to,
di, u, chc, mu trng v ng l tt.
Thnh phn ha hc
Hot cht chnh l saponin triterpenoid nhm oleanan c phn sapogenin l acid
platycogenic A, B, C, platycodigenin v acid polygalacic.
Ngoi ra, trong r Ct cnh cn c cc flavonoid, cc acid thm v inulin.


Tc dng v cng dng
Saponin ca Ct cnh c tc dng h nhit, gim au, khng vim, long m, tr ho,
khng histamin, h lipid v cholesterol mu.
Dc liu cn c tc dng khng khun, h ng huyt, lm du thn kinh, gin
mch, h huyt p...
Saponin ca Ct cnh c tc dng ph huyt mnh v cc sapogenin c OH C-16.
Ct cnh c s dng trong iu tr ho c m, vim hng, vim ph qun, hen
suyn, cao lipid huyt, cao huyt p, tiu ng, khng vim, suy gim min dch.
B KT
Fructus Gleditschiae
B phn dng l qu ca cy B kt (Gleditschia australis Hemsl.), phn h Vang
(Caesalpinioidae), h u (Fabaceae).
c im thc vt
Cy to, c gai phn nhnh. L kp lng chim. Cung chung c lng v rnh dc. C
6 - 8 i l cht di 25 mm, rng 15 mm. Hoa mc thnh chm mu trng. Qu loi
u di 10 - 12 cm hi cong hay thng, dt, phng ln ch mang ht. Qu khi
cha chn th mu xanh, nhng khi chn kh chuyn thnh mu en, c 10 - 12 ht
rt rn.Cy c trng nhiu ni nc ta ly qu vo thng 10 - 12. Trong y
hc dn tc c truyn, qu cn gi l to gic.
B kt
Gleditschia australis Hemsl.

Thnh phn ha hc Hot cht chnh l saponin, flavonoid.
Tc dng v cng dng
-Saponin ca B kt c tc dng dit amib ng rut, trng
- roi m o.
- Hn hp saponin v flavonoid c tc dng gim au.
- Hn hp flavonoid v isovitexin c tc dng khng virus.
- S dng trong y hc c truyn:
+ Lm thuc cha ho, tiu m, ngy dng 0,5 - 1 g qu.
+ Cha su rng: qu B kt tn nh p vo ch rng su, h chy nc bt th
nh i.

+ Cha chc u: B kt t thnh than tn nh, ra sch vt chc, rc than B
kt ln.
+ Cha quai b: qu B kt (b ht) tn nh, ha vo gim, tm vo bng p
vo ch au (nhiu ln).
+ Cha b i tin, tc rut, khng trung tin c.
- Nhn dn cn dng ht cha l.
- Y hc c truyn cn dng gai B kt gi l to gic thch cha mn nht.
* Ph n c thai v ngi b vim lot d dy rut khng dng c.

NGU TT
Radix Achyranthes bidentatae
Dc liu l r ch bin ca cy Ngu tt (Achyranthes bidentata Blume.), h
Dn (Amaranthaceae).
c im thc vt
Cy tho cao khong 1 m. Thn mnh, l mc i, hnh trng,
u nhn, mp nguyn di 5 - 12 cm, rng 2 - 5 cm. Cm hoa
l bng u cnh hay k l. Hoa mc hng ln nhng khi
bin thnh qu s mc qup xung. Qu nang, l bc cn li
v nhn thnh gai cho nn vng phi c th mc vo qun o.
Ngu tt c chnh thc a vo Dc in Vit Nam I,
tp 2 nm 1983.
Thnh phn ha hc
Ngu tt
Achyranthes bidentata Blume.

Thnh phn quan trng trong r Ngu tt c cc saponin c phn sapogenin l
acid oleanolic. Trong thn v l ca Ng tt cng c saponin nhng vi hm
lng thp hn.
Ngoi ra, trong r Ng tt cn c ecdysteron, inokosteron, cc polysaccharid,
Tc dng v cng dng
Ngu tt c tc dng lm gim cholesterol mu, tr lc t cung, iu ha min
dch.

Ngu tt c dng lm thuc gim au, khng vim, chng thp khp, gin mch,
h huyt p v li tiu. Thng c s dng trong cc chng au lng, au khp
v yu chi di. Ngu tt cn dng h cholesterol huyt trong iu tr x va
ng mch.
Trong ng y, v Ngu tt c dng phi hp vi mt s dc liu khc cha
chng mt kinh, kh. Ngoi ra cn dng cha bnh thp khp, au lng, b
tiu.
RAU M
Herba Centellae asiaticae
Dc liu l phn trn mt t ca cy Rau m (Centella
asiatica Urb.), h Hoa tn (Apiaceae).
c im thc vt
Rau m l loi c sng dai, mc b, r mc cc mu ca thn.
L c cung di 10 - 12 cm, phin l kha tai bo trn, gc l hnh
tim, rng 2 - 4 cm. Gn l hnh chn vt. Cm hoa tn n gm
cc hoa rt nh. Qu dt. Cy mc hoang rung vn, bi c.
B phn dng
Phn trn mt t, c th thu hi quanh nm. Thng c dng ti.
Thnh phn ha hc Phn trn mt t ca Rau m c cc saponin triterpen 5
vng v cc sapogenin ca chng, ch yu l thuc nhm ursan. Mt s t l thuc
nhm oleanan v lupan. Ngoi ra, Rau m cn c cc flavonoid v mt s cht
khc vi hm lng thp.
Tc dng v cng dng
Saponin ton phn ca Rau m c nghin cu thy c tc dng tng tng
hp collagen I v fibronectin. Tc dng ny c th gii thch c tc dng chng
lm lnh vt thng ca Rau m. Cc tc dng ny c cho l do cc hp cht
triterpen trong Rau m.
Y hc hin i s dng Rau m v saponin ton phn trong Rau m trong iu tr
bng II v III, vt thng v cc tn thng ngoi da. N cng c dng
ngn nga s sng ha to so li. Dch chit c dng ngoi tng cng
s lnh vt thng, c bit trong hu sang thng hay hu phu mn. S dng
ng ung Rau m c tc dng iu tr lot d dy - t trng do stress. Cc sn
phm ca Rau m cn c dng trong bnh tnh mch mn.
Ngoi ra, Rau m cn c s dng trong iu tr cc vt lot do bnh phong,
eczema, cc ri lon tnh mch. Rau m cng c tc dng gim vim bnh
nhn x gan.
Nhn dn ta dng Rau m lm rau sng n. Nc Rau m l loi nc gii
kht ph bin cc tnh pha nam. Kinh nghim nhn dn cho rng Rau m c
tc dng gii nhit, gii c, thng tiu, dng cha st, mn nga, cc bnh v
gan, i lng, l5, vim hng, vim ph qun, vim ng tiu tin.


NG GIA B CHN CHIM
Cortex Schefflerae heptaphyllae
Dc liu l v thn phi hay sy kh ca cy Ng gia b chn
chim hay cn gi tt l cy chn chim [Schefflera heptaphylla
(L.) D.G. Frodin] [=Schefflera octophylla (Lour.) Harms.],
h Nhn sm (Araliaceae).
c im thc vt
Cy cao 2 - 8 m, l mc so le, l kp hnh chn vt vi 6 - 8 l
cht c dng nh chn chim do m c tn gi, Cung l di
6 - 30 cm. L cht nguyn, hnh trng thun di, u nhn di
7 - 20 cm, rng 3 - 6 cm. Cung l cht ngn 1,5 - 3 cm. Cm hoa chm tn. Hoa
nh mu trng, s cnh hoa v nh bng nhau, thng l 5. Bao phn 2 , bu h
c 5 - 6 . Qu hnh cu, ng knh 3 - 4 mm, khi chn c mu tm sm en, trong
cha 6 - 8 ht. Cy mc t nhin cc rng cy bi hoc i hoang.
Trng trt thu hi v ch bin
Cy c th trng bng dm cnh. Thu hoch bng cch bc v c chiu di
khong 20 cm, rng 5 cm, co s qua b lp v th ngoi, phi trong rm,
l chui 7 ngy, thnh thong o cho u ni mi thm ri ly ra phi hoc sy
nh cho kh.
B phn dng
V thn v l.


Thnh phn ha hc
V thn cha saponin nhm ursan v olean. Ngoi ra, trong v cn c mt t tinh
du (0,8%).
L cha saponin ch yu l nhm lupan. Ngoi ra, trong l cn c mt t tinh du.
Tc dng v cng dng
Trong y hc c truyn dng lm thuc thng tiu, cha ph thng, cha phong
thp. Thuc b, gip tiu ha. Ngy dng 12-20 g.
NHN SM
Radix Ginseng
R c ch bin ca cy Nhn sm (cn c gi l sm Cao ly hay
sm Tiu Tin) (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer.), h nhn sm (Araliaceae).
c im thc vt
Cy c, cao 30 - 50 cm c th sng trn 50 nm. Cy mang ngn
mt vng 4 - 5 l. Cung l di. L kp chn vt. L lc u c 3 l
cht v sau c 5 l cht; hai l cht ngoi nh hn cc l cht gia.
Mp l c rng ca. Cy trng th ra hoa vo nm th 3 vo ma h; t im
gia ca vng l nh ln mt trc cao chng 10 cm mang hoa mu trng nht
nhm hp thnh tn n. Hoa u 5 cnh, l i 5 rng, 5 nh. Bu h, 2 . Qu
hch, mu gn nh hnh cu. R c thng phn thnh nhiu nhnh trng
nh hnh ngi nn c tn l Nhn sm. i khi c nhng c sm c kch thc
rt ln nng n 300 - 400 g.
B phn dng R c
Thnh phn ha hc
Thnh phn chnh trong Nhn sm l cc saponin triterpenoid nhm dammaran
gi chung l ginsenosid. Hm lng saponin trong r c chnh vo khong 3,3 %.
r con hm lng saponin c th ti 6,4 %. R sm trng c hm lng
saponin thp hn sm mc hoang.
Ngoi ra, cn c cc thnh phn khc: tinh du, vitamin B
1
, B
2
, cc phytosterol,
cc hp cht ng n, oligosid v cc glycan...

Tc dng v cng dng
Nhn sm c tc dng tng tun hon mu trong tim v no, do tng kh nng
lm vic, gim s mt tr nh, chng lo ha, chng stress.
Nhn sm c dng t lu i cc nc ng v c a vo Dc
in mt s nc. Nhn sm c dng ch yu phc hi sc khe trong cc
trng hp suy nhc c th sau khi m nng, lm vic qu sc v mt mi, mt
tp trung.
Ngoi ra, Nhn sm cn c dng trong cc trng hp lit dng, lnh dc, n
khng ngon, suy yu ng tiu ha. Nhn sm c tc dng chng lo ha,
chng stress, cha x va ng mch, bnh tiu ng, lipid mu cao, gan
nhim m.
Dng Nhn sm th nng cao kh nng lao ng bng tr c, kh nng tp trung
t tng v tng tr nh, tng cng min dch c hiu ca h thng khng
ca c th.
Mt s nghin cu ca cc tc gi Hn Quc cho thy Nhn sm, c bit l
Hng sm c tc dng lm gim nguy c ca mt s loi ung th.
Cch dng: dng di dng cn thuc, nc chng cch thy, thuc bt, hoc
di dng cao chit trong cc dng thuc hin i. Ngy dng 2 - 6 g. Hin nay
trn th trng thng dng l loi tr ha tan.

SM NGC LINH
Sm Vit Nam hay cn gi l Sm ngc linh (Panax vietnamensis
Ha et Grushv.) l loi sm c hu ca nc ta v c pht
hin ti vng ni Ngc Linh thuc 2 tnh Kon Tum v Qung Nam
cao 1500 - 2200 m.
Sm Vit Nam c cng chi Panax v cng h Nhn sm
(Araliaceae) vi sm Triu Tin v sm Trung Quc cn gi l
Nhn sm, sm, ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A.Mayer) v sm
Trung Quc cn gi Tam tht Trung Quc, sm Tam tht, kim bt
hon, Sanchi ginseng.
.
C 3 u l cy tho sng nhiu nm, cao khong 0,6 m vi l kp mc vng, c
cung di, gm 5 l cht c thanh hnh chn vt. Ring sm Trung Quc c 7 l
cht. Thng cy 3 nm tui mi tr hoa. Qu mng, khi chn mu ti, thng
cha 1 - 2 ht. Tuy nhin, qu ca Sm Vit Nam a s c chm en nh v ch
yu c 1 ht. Qu ca Sm Trung Quc thng cha 2 - 3 ht v c mt s t qu
c chm en. Sm Vit Nam rt d nhm ln vi 2 loi sm c cht lng km hn
trong h Nhn sm l Tam tht hoang v Sm v dip c Sapa (Lo Cai).
Hin nay c 3 loi sm l Sm Triu Tin, Sm Trung Quc v Sm Vit Nam.
Nhng nghin cu gn y phn tch thnh phn hot tnh trong sm cho thy,
ngoi tc dng bi b chung ca 3 loi Sm, Sm Vit Nam cn c thm c im
qu l tnh khng khun, chng stress... Sm Triu Tin v Sm Trung Quc mc
vng n i v hn i. Ch ring Sm Vit Nam mc vng kh hu nhit i.

Khc bit chnh hot cht trong Sm
Cc loi Sm u c hot tnh chnh l saponin. Sm Vit Nam c xp cng
nhm vi Sm Trung Quc l nhm c hu ht hot tnh saponin thuc khung
dammaran vi s lng v hm lng ginsenosid cao, ch c 1 - 2 saponin
olean c hm lng khng ng k. Ring Sm Trung Quc ch c saponin
dammaran, khng c saponin olean. C 3 c xem l nhng loi Sm qu hin
nay. Tuy ch c Sm Vit Nam mi c hp cht saponin dammaran kiu ocotillol
vi majonosid R2 chim hn 50% hm lng saponin c trong Sm Vit Nam.
Thnh phn ny quyt nh nhng khc bit ca Sm Vit Nam vi Sm Triu
Tin v Sm Trung Quc trong tr liu.
Cc loi Sm thuc chi Panax thng c nhng tc dng dc l v lm sng
tng t nhau, c th dng thay th nhau trong phng cha bnh. Nhng tc
dng ch yu ca chng c tha nhn nh sau: tc dng b chung, tng lc
v sinh thch nghi. Phc hi s suy gim chc nng gip cho tnh trng ca c
th tr la bnh thng m khi nim ca y hc c truyn cn gi l "hi dng".
Tc dng chng lo ha, khng cc c t gy hi t bo. Tc dng kch thch
iu ha c ch min dch, tng sc khng ca c th.
Ngoi nhng tc dng chung nu trn, mi loi Sm cn c nhng tc dng u
th ring nh Sm Vit Nam c tnh khng khun, tc dng chng stress tm l
m Sm Triu Tin v Sm Trung Quc khng th hin.
TAM THT
Radix Notoginseng
R c phi kh ca cy Tam tht
[Panax notoginseng (Burk) F. H. Chen.], h Nhn sm (Araliaceae).
c im thc vt
Cy tho sng nhiu nm, cao khong 0,5 m. Thn n, l kp
hnh chn vt, cung l di, mi l thng c 3 - 5 l cht, mp l
c kha rng ca nh, trn gn chnh ri rc c lng cng bin
thnh gai. Cm hoa tn n, hoa mu xanh nht. Qu khi chn
mu . Ht hnh cu.
B phn dng
R c thu hoch nhng cy t 5 nm tr ln, ra sch, phi kh. Tam tht c
nhiu hnh dng, tng hnh try ngc, hnh tr, mt ngoi mu nu xm hoc
vng xm, mi thm nh, v ng sau hi ngt.
Thnh phn ha hc
Thnh phn ha hc chnh ca Tam tht l cc saponin thuc nhm dammaran.
Ngoi ra, cn c cc hp cht polyacetylen v polysaccharid. Polysaccharid c
xem l thnh phn c tc dng iu ha min dch trong Tam tht.
Tc dng v cng dng
Tam tht c bit vi nhng tc dng dc l nh sau: c ch kt tp tiu
cu, khng vim, bo v gan, lm gim s tng cc enzym gan gy bi carbon
tetrachlorid.
Trong ng y, Tam tht c coi l v thuc c tc dng lm mt s huyt, tc
dng cm mu, gim vim, gim au.
Tam tht c dng cha tr cc trng hp: ho ra mu, nn ra mu, chy mu
cam, i tin ra mu, cung xut huyt, chn thng. Ngoi ra, Tam tht cng
c coi l v thuc b nh Nhn sm rt hay c dng cho ph n sau khi
sinh n.
Ghi ch: ph n ang mang thai khng nn dng.


TO NHN
Semen Ziziphi
Dc liu l ht gi phi hay sy kh ca cy To ta (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.)
(=Z. jujuba Lamk.), h To ta (Rhamnaceae).
c im thc vt
Cy nh cao 2 - 4 m c gai, cnh nhiu. L hnh trng, mt trn mu xanh lc, mt
di c lng trng, c 3 gn dc li ln r. Hoa mu vng xanh, mc thnh xim
k l. Qu hch. V ngoi nhn bng, lc non mu xanh, khi chn
mu hi vng. Tht qu n c, v chua cht hi ngt.
B phn dng
Ht
Thnh phn ha hc Ht To cha cc saponin: jujubosid A, B,
ziziphus saponin I, II, III, jujuba saponin I, II, III u c aglycon l
jujubogenin, mt sapogenin thuc nhm dammaran. Ngoi ra cn
c acid betulinic, betulin l cc triterpenoid thuc nhm lupan.
Ht cn cha cc peptid alkaloid c tn l sanjonin v mt s thnh
phn khc nh cht bo, vitamin C.
V thn c cc peptid alcaloid: amphibin B, D, E, F, mauritin A, B, C, D, E, F, H v
frangufolin.
V thn to c thnh phn ng ch l acid betulinic.
L c cha rutin.

Tc dng v cng dng
Acid betulinic trong v thn To hin ang dc ch nhiu v tc dng trn nhiu
dng t bo ung th.
Trong y hc c truyn, To nhn c dng lm thuc an thn dng trong cc
trng hp mt ng, hi hp, suy nhc thn kinh. Liu dng 0,8 - 1,8 g. Nu sao
en c th dng n 6 g.
Theo kinh nghim nhn dn, l To sc ung dng cha d ng, hen. Liu dng
20 - 40 g, c th ch thnh siro.

MCH MN
Radix Ophiopogonis
Dc liu l r c phi hay sy kh ca cy Mch mn (Ophiopogon japonicus
(Thunb.) Ker. Gawl., h Mch mn (Convallariaceae).
c im thc vt v phn b
Cy tho cao 10 - 40 cm. L mc t gc, hp, di, gn l song song, mt trn
mu xanh thm, mt di trng nht. Hoa mu l nht mc thnh chm, qu
mng mu tm. R chm c nhiu r phnh thnh c nh hnh thoi. Cy c
trng mt s tnh min Bc. i khi gp mc hoang. Mch mn
c ghi vo Dc in Vit Nam.
B phn dng
R c.
Thnh phn ha hc
Saponin steroid: ophiopogonin A, B, C, D v B', C', D'.
Cc hp cht sterol: -sitosterol, stigmasterol v -sitosterol--D-
glucosid.
Carbohydrat: gm c cc glucofructosan v ng nh glucose, fructose v
saccharose.
Tc dng v cng dng
Trong y hc c truyn, Mch mn thng c dng lm thuc gim ho, tiu
m, cha to bn, li tiu.
Ngy dng 6 - 20 g di dng thuc sc.

THIN MN
Radix Asparagi cochinchinensis
Dc liu l r c phi kh ca cy Thin mn - Asparagus cochinchinensis
(Lour.) Merr., h Thin mn (Asparagaceae).
c im thc vt v phn b
Thin mn l mt loi dy leo, sng lu nm. Thn mang nhiu cnh 3 cnh, u
nhn, bin dng trng nh l, cn l th rt nh trng nh vy. Hoa nh mu trng
mc vo ma h. Qu mng mu khi chn.
Cy Thin mn c nhiu ni nh Thanh Ha, Qung Ninh,
Bc Thi, Cao Bng, Lng Sn ...
Cc nc khc nh Trung Quc, Triu Tin, Nht Bn cng c.
B phn dng R c.
Thnh phn ha hc

Cha cc saponin thuc nhm furostan, cc amino acid t do,
7 oligosaccharid c phn lp v xc nh.
Tc dng v cng dng
Thin mn thng c s dng trong y hc c truyn lm thuc long m, cha
ho, thuc li tiu. Cn c dng cha triu chng bun nn, mt ng, to bn