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[COMM.

] S dng MODBUS trong iu khin t ng ha


S dng MODBUS cho iu khin v t ng ha qu trnh

MODBUS l mt protocol ph bin bc nht c s dng hin nay cho nhiu mc ch.
MODBUS on gin, r, ph bin v d s dng. c pht minh t th ki trc (gn 30 nm
trc), cc nh cung cp thit bj o v thit bj tu ng ha trong cng nghip tip tc h tr
MODBUS trong cc sn phm th h mi. Mc d cc b phn tch, lu lng k, hay PLC i
mi c giao din kt ni khng dy, Ethernet hay fieldbus, MODBUS vn l protocol m cc nh
cung cp lua chon cho cc thit bj th h c v mi.

Mt u im khc ca MODBUS l n c th chay hu nh trn tt c cc phong tin truyn
thng, trong c cng kt ni dy xon, khng dy, si quang, Ethernet, modem in thoai,
in thoai di ng v vi sng. C ngha l, kt ni MODBUS c th c thit lp trong nh my
th h mi hay hin tai kh d dng. Thuc ra, nng cao ng dng cho MODBUS l cung cp
truyn thng s trong nh my i c, s dng kt ni dy xon hin nay.
Trong bi vit ny, chng ta cng tm hiu cch thc hoat ng ca MODBUS v xem xt mt s
phong php thng minh m MODBUS c th c s dng trong cc nh my.
MODBUS l g!"
MODBUS do Modicon (hin nay thuc Schneider Electric) pht trin nm 1979, l mt phong
tin truyn thng vi nhiu thit bj thng qua mt cp dy xon on. Ban u, n hoat ng trn
RS232, nhng sau n s dng cho c RS485 at tc cao hon, khong cch di hon, v
mang a im (multi-drop). MODBUS nhanh chng tr thnh tiu chun thng dng trong
ngnh tu ng ha, v Modicon cho ra mt cng chng nh mt protocol min ph.
Ngy nay, MODBUS-DA (www.MODBUS.org) , t chc s dng v cung cp MODBUS ln nht
tip tc h tr protocol MODBUS trn ton cu.
MODBUS l mt h thng "ch - t, "ch c kt ni vi mt hay nhiu "t. "Ch thng l
mt PLC, PC, DCS, hay RTU. "T MODBUS RTU thng l cc thit bj hin trng, tt c
c kt ni vi mang trong cu hnh multi-drop (hnh1). Khi mt ch MODBUS RTU mun c
thng tin t thit bj, ch s gi mt thng ip v d liu cn, tm tt d li ti ja chi thit bj.
Moi thit bj khc trn mang s nhn thng ip ny nhng chi c thit bj no c chi jnh mi
c phn ng.

Hnh 1: Mt mng MODBUS RTU c mt ch, nh PLC, PC, DCS v 247 thit !" t# $%c &t n'i
t()ng c*+ h,nh m+-ti./()01
Cc thit bj trn mang MODBUS khng th tao ra kt ni; chng chi c th phn ng. Ni cch
khc, chng "ln ting chi khi c "ni ti. Mt s nh sn xut ang pht trin cc thit bj lai
ghp hoat ng nh cc t MODBUS, tuy nhin chng cng c "kh nng vit, do lm cho
chng tr thnh cc thit bj ch o.
Ba phin bn MODBUS ph bin nht c s dng ngy nay l:
- MODBUS ASC
- MODBUS RTU
- MODBUS/TCP
Tt c thng ip c gi di cng mt format. Su khc nhau duy nht gia 3 loai MODBUS
l cch thc thng ip c m ha.
Vi MODBUS ASC, moi thng ip c m ha bng hexadeci-mal, s dng c tnh ASC
4 bit. i vi mi mt byte thng tin, cn c 2 byte truyn thng, gp i so vi MODBUS RTU
hay MODBUS/TCP.
Tuy nhin, MODBUS ASC chm nht trong s 3 loai protocol, nhng lai thch hp khi modem
in thoai hay kt ni s dng sng radio do ASC s dng cc tnh nng phn jnh thng ip.
Do tnh nng phn jnh ny, moi rc ri trong phong tin truyn dn s khng lm thit bj nhn
djch sai thng tin. iu ny quan trong khi cp n cc modem chm, in thoai di ng, kt
ni n hay cc phong tin truyn thng kh tnh khc.
i vi MODBUS RTU, d liu c m ha theo h nhj phn, v chi cn mt byte truyn thng
cho mt byte d liu. y l thit bj l tng i vi RS 232 hay mang RS485 a im, tc t
1200 n 115 baud. Tc ph bin nht l 9600 n 19200 baud. MODBUS RTU l protocol
cng nghip c s dng rng ri nht, do hu nh trong bi vit ny chi tp trung cp
n co s v ng dng ca n.
MODBUS/TCP on gin l MODBUS qua Ethernet. Thay v s dng thit bj ny cho vic kt ni
vi cc thit bj t, do cc ja chi P c s dng. Vi MODBUS/TCP, d liu MODBUS
c tm lc on gin trong mt gi TCP/P. Do , bt c mang Ethernet h tr MODBUS/ P
s ngay lp tc h tr MODBUS/TCP. Phin bn MODBUS ny s c cp chi tit trong bi
vit ln sau vi tiu "MODBUS qua Ethernet.
#gu$%n t&' ho(t ng ')a MODBUS *+U
kt ni vi thit bj t, ch s gi mt thng ip c:
- ja chi thit bj
- M chc nng
- D liu
- Kim tra li
ja chi thit bj l mt con s t 0 n 247. Thng ip c gi ti ja chi 0 (truyn thng ip)
c th dc tt c cc t chp nhn, nhng cc con s t 1-247 l cc ja chi ca cc thit bj c
th. Vi ngoai l ca vic truyn thng ip, mt thit bj t lun phn ng vi mt thng ip
MODBUS do ch s bit rng thng ip c nhn.
,%u '-u M. 'h/' n0ng
01 oc cun cm
02 oc u ra ri rac
03 oc b ghi phn
04 oc b ghi u vo
05 Vit cun cm on
06 Vit b ghi on
07 oc trang thi ngoai l
08 Chn on
...
...
xx 255 m chc nng, ph thuc vo thit bj
Hnh 2. Cc m chc nng


M chc nng xc jnh yu cu thit bj t thuc hin hoat ng nh oc d liu, chp nhn d
liu, thng bo trang thi vv. (hnh 2)
M chc nng l t 1 255. Mt s m chc nng cn c cc m chc nng ph.
D liu xc jnh ja chi trong b nh thit bj hay cha cc gi trj d liu c vit trong b nh
thit bj, hay cha cc thng tin cn thit khc mang chc nng nh yu cu.
Kim tra li l mt gi trj bng s 16 bit biu din kim tra du phng tun hon (CRC). CRC
c thit bj ch tao ra v thit bj tip nhn kim tra. Nu gi trj CRC khng tha mn, thit bj
i hi truyn lai thng ip ny.
Khi thit bj t thuc hin cc chc nng theo yu cu, n s gi thng ip cho ch. Thng ip
cha ja chi ca t v m chc nng, d liu theo yu cu, v mt gi trj kim tra li.
B1n 2 3 nh4 MOSBOUS
Mi thit bj MODBUS c b nh cha d liu qu trnh. Thng s k thut ca MODBUS chi ra
cch d liu c goi ra nh th no, loai d liu no c th c goi ra. Tuy nhin, khng t
ra gii han v cch thc v vj tr m nh cung cp t d liu trong b nh. Di y l v d v
cch thc m nh cung cp t cc loai d liu bin thin qu trnh hp l.
Cc u vo v cun cm ri rac c gi trj 1 bit, mi mt thit bj lai c mt ja chi c th. Cc
u vo analog (b ghi u vo) c lu trong b ghi 16 bit. Bng cch s dng 2 b ghi ny,
MODBUS c th h tr format im floating (ni) EEE 32 bit. B ghi Holding cng s dng cc
b ghi bn trong 16 bit h tr im floating.
56a 'h7 8o(i +%n
1 - 9999 oc hoc vit Cun cm
10001 - 19999 Chi oc u vo ri rac
30001 - 39999 Chi oc B ghi u vo
40001 - 49999 oc hoc vit B ghi Holding
Hnh 3: 2#ng /3n 45 /6ng c7 h8+ ht c9c thit !" t:ng th;ch MODBUS nh ! t(+<=n nhi>t
TM? c7 M))(@ An/+Bt(i@B, cCng !' $"7 chD c7 c9c chD B' !in thiEn F+7n t(Gng t()ng ! nh#
MODBUS1 H"7 chD TM? t+In th@) c9c thCng B' &J th+Kt c7 MODBUS1
D liu trong b nh c xc jnh trong thng s k thut MODBUS. Gi s rng nh cung
cp tun theo tiu chun k thut MODBUS (khng phi tt c), moi d liu c th c truy cp
d dng bi ch, thit bj tun theo cc thng s k thut. trong nhiu trng hp, nh cung cp
thit bj cng b vj tr ca b nh, tao iu kin cho nhn vin lp trnh d dng kt ni vi
thit bj t.
59' : :i;t d< li=u
MODBUS c ti 255 m chc nng, nhng 1 (cun cm oc), 2 (u vo ri rac oc), 3 (b ghi
Holding oc), v 4 (b ghi u vo oc) l cc chc nng oc c s dng ph bin nht
thu thp d liu t cc thit bj t. Th d, oc 3 t 16 bit d liu analog t bn b nh ca
thit bj 5, ch s gi mt yu cu nh sau:
5 04 2 3 CRC
Trong , 5 l ja chi thit bj, 4 oc b ghi u vo, 2 l ja chi khi u (ja chi 30,002). 3 c
ngha l oc 3 gi trj d liu k nhau xut pht t ai chi 30,002, v CRC l gi trj kim tra li
thng ip ny. Thit bj t, ngoi vic nhn d liu ny, s gi lai mt tr li nh sau:
5 04 aa bb cc CRC

Hnh 4: Lt n'i /I< Mh)m@ (+nN B) v#i MODBUS

Trong hu ht cc nh my, cc thit bj o hin trng kt ni vi h thng iu khin vi tng
cp dy xon "home run (di). Khi cc cng c o c kt ni dy vi h thng /O phn tn
nh NCS ca Moore ndustries (gia), c nhiu thit bj s c b sung, nhng chi c mt cp
dy xon on cn truyn tt c d l

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