Chuyen de Hinh Hoc Giai Tich Trong Mat Phang

Mc lc
Tmtt L thuyt 1
Bi ton c li gii 15
1 im- ng thng 15
2 ng trn - ng elip 68
Bi tp n luyn c p s 94
1 Bi tp im- ng thng 94
2 Bi tp ng trn - ng elip 107
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Li ni u
Hnh hc gii tch hay hnh hc ta l mt cch nhn khc v Hnh hc . Hnh hc gii tch
trong mt phng c a vo chng trnh ton ca lp 10 nhng vn c trong thi tuyn
sinh i hc, Cao ng. gp phn trong vic n tp cho hc sinh trc khi d thi Din n
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cun ti liu ny l cn thit cho hc sinh.
By gi y, khi bn ang c n trn my tnh hay c in ra trn giy. Chng ti hy vng
n s gp phn n tp kin thc ca bn thn ng thi tng thm ng lc khi hc tp hnh
hc gii tch trong khng gian.
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cng li xin li chn thnh.
Thay mt nhm bin son, ti xin chn thnh cm n!
Ch bin
Chu Ngc Hng
Cc thnh vin bin son
1. Hunh Ch ho -THPT Chuyn Nguyn Quang Diu - ng Thp
2. L nh Mn - THPT Nguyn Ch Thanh - Qung Bnh
3. L Trung Tn - THPT Hng Ng 2 - ng Thp
4. Kim Tng - THPT Ngc To - H Ni
5. Tn Tht Quc Tn - Hu
6. Nguyn Ti Tu - THPT Lng Th Vinh - V Bn Nam nh
7. Nguyn Xun Cng - THPT Anh Sn 1 - Ngh An
8. L c Bin - THPT ng Xoi - Bnh Phc
9. Chu Ngc Hng - THPT Ninh Hi - Ninh Thun
10. Phm Tun Khi - THPT Trn Vn Nng - ng Thp.
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Tm t#t l thuy't Hu*nh Ch Ho boxmath.vn
1
HNH HC GI#I TCH TRONG M&T PH'NG

PH)*NG PHP TO+ ,- TRONG M&T PH'NG
TA ,- ,I.M - TA ,- VCT*

A. KI0N TH2C C* B#N

I. H4 tr7c to9 ;< ,>-CC trong m?t phAng :

x
'
Ox : trc honh
y
'
Oy : trc tung
O : g#c to' )*
, i j
r r
: vct+ )+n v,
( )
1 va i j i j
r r r r

Quy CDc : M.t ph0ng m trn ) c ch2n h3 trc to' )* 56-Cc vung gc Oxy )78c g2i l m.t ph0ng
Oxy v k hi3u l : mp(Oxy)
II. To9 ;< cFa m<t ;iHm v cFa m<t vctE:
1. ,Inh nghKa 1: Cho ( ) M mp Oxy . Khi ) vct+ OM
uuuur
)78c bi9u di9n m*t cch duy nh:t theo
, i j
r r
b;i h3 th=c c d'ng : voi x,y OM xi y j +
uuuur r r
.
C.p s# (x;y) trong h3 th=c trn )78c g2i l to' )* c?a )i9m M.
K hi4u: M(x;y) ( x: honh )* c?a )i9m M; y: tung )* c?a )i9m M )

/
( ; )
d n
M x y OM xi y j +
uuuur r r

nghKa hnh hNc:

v y=OQ x OP

2. ,Inh nghKa 2: Cho ( ) a mp Oxy
r
. Khi ) vct+ a
r
)78c bi9u di9n m*t cch duy nh:t theo
, i j
r r
b;i h3 th=c c d'ng :
1 2 1 2
voi a ,a a a i a j +
r r r
.
C.p s# (a
1
;a
2
) trong h3 th=c trn )78c g2i l to' )* c?a vct+ a
r
.
K hi4u:
1 2
( ; ) a a a
r

/
1 2 1 2
=(a ;a )
d n
a a a i a j +
r r r r

nghKa hnh hNc:

1 1 1 2 2 2
v a =A a AB B
x
y
i
r
j
r
O
' x
' y
' x
x
y
i
r
j
r
O
' y
M Q
P
x
y
O
' x
' y
M Q
P
x
y
x
y
1
e
v
2
e
v
O
' x
' y
P
a
r
x
y
O
' x
' y
1
A 1
B
2
A
2
B
A
B
K
H
b
o
x
m
a
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h
.
v
n
2

III. Cc cng thOc v ;Inh l vP to9 ;< ;iHm v to9 ;< vctE :
,Inh l 1: N@u
B
( ; ) v B(x ; )
A A B
A x y y th

( ; )
B A B A
AB x x y y
uuur

,Inh l 2: N@u
1 2 1 2
( ; ) v ( ; ) a a a b b b
r r
th

*
1 1
2 2
a

b
a b
a b

'
r r

*
1 1 2 2
( ; ) a b a b a b + + +
r r

*
1 1 2 2
( ; ) a b a b a b
r r

*
1 2
. ( ; ) k a ka ka
r
( ) k

IV. SQ cng phCEng cFa hai vctE:
NhRc l9i
Hai vct+ cng ph7+ng l hai vct+ nAm trn cng m*t )7Bng th0ng ho.c nAm trn hai )7Bng th0ng
song song .
,Inh l vP sQ cng phCEng cFa hai vctE:
,Inh l 3 : Cho hai vct+ v voi 0 a b b
r r r r

cng phuong !k sao cho . a b a k b
r r r r

N@u 0 a
r r
th s# k trong tr7Bng h8p ny )78c xc ),nh nh7 sau:
k > 0 khi a
r
cng h7Dng b
r

k < 0 khi a
r
ng78c h7Dng b
r

a
k
b
r
r

,Inh l 4 : , , thang hng cng phuong A B C AB AC
uuur uuur

(5i6u ki3n 3 )i9m th0ng hng )
,Inh l 5: Cho hai vct+
1 2 1 2
( ; ) va ( ; ) a a a b b b
r r
ta c :

1 2 2 1
cng phuong a . . 0 a b b a b
r r
(5i6u ki3n cng ph7+ng c?a 2 vct+

A
B
C
a
v
b
r
2 5
a b , b - a
5 2

v v
v v

) ; (
A A
y x A
) ; (
B B
y x B
a
v
b
v
a
v
b
v
a
v
b
v
(1; 2)
(2; 4)
a
b

v
v
1 2
1 2
( ; )
VD :
( ; )
a a a
b b b
v
v
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
3

V. Tch v hCDng cFa hai vctE:
NhRc l9i:
. . . cos( , ) a b a b a b
r r r r r r

2 2
a a
r r

. 0 a b a b
r r r r

1 2 1 2
( ; ) v ( ; ) a a a b b b
r r
ta c :

1 1 2 2
. a b a b a b +
r r
(Cng th=c tnh tch v h7Dng theo t2a )*)

1 2
( ; ) a a a
r
ta c :

2 2
1 2
a a a +
r
(Cng th=c tnh )* di vct+ )

,Inh l 8: N@u
B
( ; ) v B(x ; )
A A B
A x y y th

2 2
( ) ( )
B A B A
AB x x y y + (Cng th=c tnh khoEng cch 2 )i9m)

1 2 1 2
( ; ) v ( ; ) a a a b b b
r r
ta c :

1 1 2 2
a 0 a b b a b +
r r
(5i6u ki3n vung gc c?a 2 vct+)

1 2 1 2
( ; ) v ( ; ) a a a b b b
r r
ta c

1 1 2 2
2 2 2 2
1 2 1 2
.
cos( , )
. .
a b a b a b
a b
a b a a b b
+

+ +
r r
r r
r r (Cng th=c tnh gc c?a 2 vct+)

VI. ,iHm chia ;o9n thAng theo tT sV k:
,Inh nghKa: 5i9m M )78c g2i l chia )o'n AB theo tF s# k ( k 1 ) n@u nh7 : . MA k MB
uuur uuur

A M B

,Inh l 11 : N@u
B
( ; ) , B(x ; )
A A B
A x y y v . MA k MB
uuur uuur
( k 1 ) th

( )
. .
; ;
1 1
A B A B
M M
x k x y k y
x y
k k

_

,

x
y
b
v
O
' x
' y
a
v
a
v
b
v
b
v
a
v
O
B
A
( ; )
B B
B x y ( ; )
A A
A x y
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
4

,?c bi4t : M l trung )i9m c?a AB ( ) ; ;
2 2
A B A B
M M
x x y y
x y
+ +
_

,

VII. M<t sV ;iPu ki4n xc ;Inh ;iHm trong tam gic :
G
x
3
1. G l trong tm tam gic ABC GA 0
3
A B C
A B C
G
x x x
GB GC
y y y
y
+ +
+ +
'
+ +
uuur uuur uuur r

2.
. 0
H l truc tm tam gic ABC
. 0
AH BC AH BC
BH AC BH AC

' '

uuur uuur uuur uuur
uuur uuur uuur uuur
3.
'
'
' l chn duong cao ke tu A
cng phuong
AA BC
A
BA BC
'
uuur
uuur
uuur
uuur

4.
IA=IB
I l tm duong trn ngoai tip tam gic ABC
IA=IC
'

5. D l chn duong phn gic trong cua gc A cua ABC .
AB
DB DC
AC

uuur uuur

6. E l chn duong phn gic ngoi cua gc A cua ABC .
AB
EB EC
AC

uuur uuur

7. J l tm duong trn ni tip ABC .
AB
JA JD
BD

uur uuur

VIII. KiWn thOc cE bXn thCYng s[ d7ng khc:
Cng thOc tnh di4n tch tam gic theo to9 ;< ba ;\nh :
,Inh l 12: Cho tam gic ABC . 5.t
1 2 1 2
( ; ) v ( ; ) AB a a AC b b
uuur uuur
ta c :

1 2 2 1
1
.
2
ABC
S a b a b

CEng thOc tnh gc hai ;CYng thAng dQa vo h4 sV gc :
,Inh l 13: Cho hai )7Bng th0ng
1
vDi h3 s# gc
1
k v
2
vDi h3 s# gc
2
k . Khi ) n@u
( )
1 2
; th

1 2
1 2
tan
1
k k
k k
+

G
A
B
C
H
A
B
C
A'
B
A
C
I
A
B
C
B
A
C
D
J B
A
C
D
B
C
B
b
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5

,)]NG TH'NG TRONG M&T PH'NG TA ,-

A.KI0N TH2C C* B#N

I. Cc ;Inh nghKa vP VTCP v VTPT (PVT) cFa ;CYng thAng:

a
r
l VTCP c?a )7Bng th0ng ( )
dn
0
a c gi song song hay trng voi ( )
a
'
r r
r
n
r
l VTPT c?a )7Bng th0ng ( )
dn
0
n c gi vung gc voi ( )
n
'
r r
r

* Ch :
N@u )7Bng th0ng ( ) c VTCP
1 2
( ; ) a a a
r
th c VTPT l
2 1
( ; ) n a a
r

N@u )7Bng th0ng ( ) c VTPT ( ; ) n A B
r
th c VTCP l ( ; ) a B A
r

II. PhCEng trnh ;CYng thAng :
1. PhCEng trnh tham sV v phCEng trnh chnh tRc cFa ;CYng thAng :
a. ,Inh l : Trong m.t ph0ng (Oxy). 57Bng th0ng ( ) qua M
0
(x
0
;y
0
) v nhHn
1 2
( ; ) a a a
r
lm
VTCP sI c :
Ph7+ng trnh tham s# l :
0 1
0 2
.
( ) : ( )
.
x x t a
t
y y t a
+

'
+

Ph7+ng trnh chnh tKc l :
0 0
1 2
( ) :
x x y y
a a

( )
1 2
, 0 a a

) (
n
v
a
v
a
v
) (
a
v
n
v
) (
y
a
v
( ; ) M x y
O
x
0 0 0
( ; ) M x y
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
6
2. PhCEng trnh t^ng qut cFa ;CYng thAng :
a. PhCEng trnh ;CYng thAng ;i qua m<t ;iHm M
0
(x
0
;y
0
) v c VTPT ( ; ) n A B
r
l:

0 0
( ) : ( ) ( ) 0 A x x B y y + (
2 2
0 A B + )

b. PhCEng trnh t^ng qut cFa ;CYng thAng :
,Inh l :Trong m.t ph0ng (Oxy). Ph7+ng trnh )7Bng th0ng ( ) c d'ng :

0 Ax By C + + vDi
2 2
0 A B +

Ch :
TL ph7+ng trnh ( ): 0 Ax By C + + ta lun suy ra )78c :
1. VTPT c?a ( ) l ( ; ) n A B
r

2. VTCP c?a ( ) l ( ; ) hay a ( ; ) a B A B A
r r

3.
0 0 0 0 0
( ; ) ( ) 0 M x y Ax By C + +
M3nh )6 (3) )78c hi9u l :
,iPu ki4n c_n v ;F ;H m<t ;iHm n`m trn ;CYng thAng l tNa ;< ;iHm ;
nghi4m ;ng phCEng trnh cFa ;CYng thAng .

3. Cc d9ng khc cFa phCEng trnh ;CYng thAng :

a. PhCEng trnh ;CYng thAng ;i qua hai ;iHm A(x
A
;y
A
) v B(x
B
;y
B
) :

( ) :
A A
B A B A
x x y y
AB
x x y y

( ) :
A
AB x x ( ) :
A
AB y y

b. PhCEng trnh ;CYng thAng theo ;o9n chRn:
,Inh l: Trong mp(Oxy) ph7+ng trnh )7Bng th0ng ( ) cKt trc hMng t'i )i9m A(a;0) v trc tung t'i
)i9m B(0;b) vDi a, b 0 c d'ng: 1
x y
a b
+
) ; (
0 0 0
y x M
) ; ( B A n
v
x
y
O
) ; ( A B a
v
) ; ( A B a
v
) ; ( y x M
x
y
O
) ; (
A A
y x A
) ; (
B B
y x B ) ; (
A A
y x A
) ; (
B B
y x B
A
x
B
x
A
y
B
y
x
y
) ; (
A A
y x A ) ; (
B B
y x B
A
y
B
y
x
y
y
n
v
( ; ) M x y
O
x
0 0 0
( ; ) M x y
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
7
c. PhCEng trnh ;CYng thAng ;i qua m<t ;iHm M
0
(x
0
;y
0
) v c h4 sV gc k:
,Inh nghKa: Trong mp(Oxy) cho )7Bng th0ng . G2i ( , ) Ox th tan k )78c g2i l h3 s# gc
c?a )7Bng th0ng

,Inh l 1: Ph7+ng trnh )7Bng th0ng qua
0 0 0
( ; ) M x y c h3 s# gc k l :

0 0
y - y = k(x - x ) (1)

Ch 1: Ph7+ng trnh (1) khng c ch=a ph7+ng trnh c?a )7Bng th0ng )i qua M
0
v vung gc
Ox nn khi sN dng ta cOn )9 xt thm )7Bng th0ng )i qua M
0
v vung gc Ox l x = x
0

Ch 2: N@u )7Bng th0ng c ph7+ng trnh y ax b + th h3 s# gc c?a )7Bng th0ng l k a
,Inh l 2: G2i k
1
, k
2
lOn l78t l h3 s# gc c?a hai )7Bng th0ng
1 2
, ta c :

1 2 1 2
/ / k k ( )
1 2

1 2 1 2
k . 1 k
d. PhCEng trnh ;t ;i qua m<t ;iHm v song song ho?c vung gc vDi m<t ;t cho trCDc:
i. Ph7+ng trnh )7Bng th0ng
1
( ) //( ): Ax+By+C=0 c d'ng:
1
Ax+By+m =0
ii. Ph7+ng trnh )7Bng th0ng
1
( ) ( ): Ax+By+C=0 c d'ng:
2
Bx-Ay+m =0
Ch :
1 2
; m m )78c xc ),nh b;i m*t )i9m c t2a )* ) bi@t nAm trn
1 2
;

III. VI tr tCEng ;Vi cFa hai ;CYng thAng :

Trong mp(Oxy) cho hai )7Bng th0ng :
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
( ) : 0
( ) : 0
A x B y C
A x B y C
+ +
+ +

1
x
y
O
2
2 1
//
1
x
y
O
2
2 1
cat
1
x
y
O
2
2 1

0 :
2 1
+ m Ay Bx
x
y
O 0
x
1
M
0 :
1
+ + C By Ax

) ; ( y x M
x
y
O
0
x
0
y
0 :
1 1
+ + m By Ax
x
y
O
0
x
0 :
1
+ + C By Ax
1
M
y
x
O
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
8
V, tr t7+ng )#i c?a
1 2
( ) v ( ) ph thu*c vo s# nghi3m c?a h3 ph7+ng trnh :

1 1 1
2 2 2
0
0
A x B y C
A x B y C
+ +
'
+ +
hay
1 1 1
2 2 2
(1)
A x B y C
A x B y C
+
'
+

Ch : Nghi3m duy nh:t (x;y) c?a h3 (1) chnh l t2a )* giao )i9m M c?a
1 2
( ) va ( )
,Inh l 1:

1 2
1 2
1 2
. H (1) v nghim ( ) / /( )
. H (1) c nghim duy nht ( ) ct ( )
. H (1) c nghim ty ( ) ( )
i
ii
iii

,Inh l 2: N@u
2 2 2
; ; A B C khc 0 th

1 1
1 2
2 2
1 1 1
1 2
2 2 2
1 1 1
1 2
2 2 2
A
. ( ) ct ( )
A
A
. ( ) // ( )
A
A
. ( ) ( )
A
B
i
B
B C
ii
B C
B C
iii
B C

IV. Gc giaa hai ;CYng thAng
1.,Inh nghKa: Hai )7Bng th0ng a, b cKt nhau t'o thnh 4 gc. S# )o nhP nh:t trong cc s# )o
c?a b#n gc ) )78c g2i l gc gia hai #!$ng th'ng a v b (hay gc h+p b-i hai
#!$ng th'ng a v b). Gc giQa hai )7Bng th0ng a v b )7Dc k hi3u l ( ) , a b
Khi a v b song song ho.c trng nhau, ta ni rAng gc c?a chng bAng
0
0
2. CEng thOc tnh gc giaa hai ;CYng thAng theo VTCP v VTPT
a) N@u hai )7Bng th0ng c VTCP lOn l78t l u
r
v v
r
th
( )
( )
.
cos , cos ,
.
u v
a b u v
u v

r r
r r
r r
b) N@u hai )7Bng th0ng c VTPT lOn l78t l n
r
v ' n
uur
th
( )
( )
. '
cos , cos , '
. '
n n
a b n n
n n

r uur
r uur
r uur
,Inh l : Trong mp(Oxy) cho hai )7Bng th0ng :
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
( ) : 0
( ) : 0
A x B y C
A x B y C
+ +
+ +

G2i (
0 0
0 90 ) l gc giQa
1 2
( ) va ( ) ta c :

1 2 1 2
2 2 2 2
1 1 2 2
cos
.
A A B B
A B A B
+ +

H4 quX:

1 2 1 2 1 2
( ) ( ) A 0 A B B +
1
x
y
O
2
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
9

V. KhoXng cch tb m<t ;iHm ;Wn m<t ;CYng thAng :
,Inh l 1: Trong mp(Oxy) cho hai )7Bng th0ng ( ) : 0 Ax By C + + v )i9m
0 0 0
( ; ) M x y
KhoEng cch tL M
0
)@n )7Bng th0ng ( ) )78c tnh b;i cng th=c:

0 0
0
2 2
( ; )
Ax By C
d M
A B
+ +

+

,Inh l 2: Trong mp(Oxy) cho hai )7Bng th0ng :
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
( ) : 0
( ) : 0
A x B y C
A x B y C
+ +
+ +

Ph7+ng trnh phn gic c?a gc t'o b;i
1 2
( ) va ( ) l :

1 1 1 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
1 1 2 2
A x B y C A x B y C
A B A B
+ + + +
t
+ +

,Inh l 3: Cho )7Bng th0ng
1
( ) : 0 Ax By C + + v hai )i9m M(x
M
;y
M
), N(x
N
;y
N
) khng nAm
trn ( ). Khi ):
Hai )i9m M , N nAm cng pha )#i vDi ( ) khi v chR khi
( )( ) 0
M M N N
Ax By C Ax By C + + + + >
Hai )i9m M , N nAm khc pha )#i vDi ( ) khi v chR khi
( )( ) 0
M M N N
Ax By C Ax By C + + + + <

x
y
O
) (
0
M
H
1
x
y
O
2
M
N
M
N
b
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10

,)]NG TRN TRONG M&T PH'NG TA ,-

A.KI0N TH2C C* B#N
I. PhCEng trnh ;CYng trn:

1. PhCEng trnh chnh tRc:
,Inh l : Trong mp(Oxy). Ph7+ng trnh c?a )7Bng trn (C) tm I(a;b), bn knh R l :

2 2 2
( ) : ( ) ( ) C x a y b R + (1)

Ph7+ng trnh (1) )78c g2i l ph7+ng trnh chnh tKc c?a )7Bng trn
,?c bi4t: Khi I O th
2 2 2
( ) : C x y R +
2. PhCEng trnh t^ng qut:

,Inh l : Trong mp(Oxy). Ph7+ng trnh :
2 2
2 2 0 x y ax by c + + vDi
2 2
0 a b c + >
l ph7+ng trnh c?a )7Bng trn (C) c tm I(a;b), bn knh
2 2
R a b c +

II. PhCEng trnh tiWp tuyWn cFa ;CYng trn:

,Inh l : Trong mp(Oxy). Ph7+ng trnh ti@p tuy@n vDi )7Bng trn

2 2
( ) : 2 2 0 C x y ax by c + + t'i )i9m
0 0
( ; ) ( ) M x y C l :

0 0 0 0
( ) : ( ) ( ) 0 x x y y a x x b y y c + + + +

VI. Cc vcn ;P c lin quan:
1. VI tr tCEng ;Vi cFa ;CYng thAng v ;CYng trn:

,Inh l:
( ) ( ) d(I; ) > R C I
( ) tip xc (C) d(I; ) = R
( ) ct (C) d(I; ) < R

x
y
O
) ; ( b a I
R
a
b
) ; ( y x M
(C)
I(a;b)
) (
) ; (
0 0 0
y x M
( ) C
( ) C
I
H
M
R
( ) C
M H
R
I
H
M
R
I
b
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11
LCu : Cho )7Bng trn
2 2
( ) : 2 2 0 C x y ax by c + + v )7Bng th0ng ( ) : 0 Ax By C + + . T2a )* giao
)i6m (n@u c) c?a (C) v ( ) l nghi3m c?a h3 ph7+ng trnh:

2 2
2 2 0
0
x y ax by c
Ax By C
+ +
'
+ +

2. VI tr tCEng ;Vi cFa hai ;CYng trn :

1 2 1 2 1 2
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
1 2 1 2 1 2
1 2 1
( ) v (C ) khng ct nhau I I > R
( ) v (C ) ct nhau R < I I < R
( ) v (C ) tip xc ngoi nhau I I = R
( ) v (C ) tip xc trong nhau I I
C R
C R R
C R
C
+
+
+
2 1 2
= R R

LCu : Cho )7Bng trn
2 2
( ) : 2 2 0 C x y ax by c + +
v )7Bng trn ( )
2 2
' : 2 ' 2 ' ' 0 C x y a x b y c + + .
T2a )* giao )i6m (n@u c) c?a (C) v (C) l nghi3m c?a h3 ph7+ng trnh:

2 2
2 2
2 2 0
2 ' 2 ' ' 0
x y ax by c
x y a x b y c
+ +
'
+ +

1
I
1
R
1
C
2
I
2
R
2
C
1
I 1
R
1
C
2
C
2
R
2
I
1
C
1
I 1
R
2
C
2
R
2
I
1
C
2
C
1
I
2
I
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,)]NG ELP TRONG M&T PH'NG TA ,-

A.KI0N TH2C C* B#N
I.,Inh nghKa:
Elp (E) l tHp h8p cc )i9m M c tTng khoEng cch )@n hai )i9m c# ),nh F
1
; F
2
bAng hAng s#
* Hai )i9m c# ),nh F
1
; F
2
)78c g2i l cc tiu )i9m
* F
1
F
2
= 2c ( c > 0 ) )78c g2i l tiu cU

{ }
1 2
( ) / 2 E M MF MF a + ( a>0 : hAng s# v a>c )

II. PhCEng trnh chnh tRc cFa Elp v cc yWu tV:

2 2
2 2
( ) : 1
x y
E
a b
+ vDi
2 2 2
b a c ( a > b) (1)

2. Cc yWu tV cFa Elp:
* Elp xc ;Inh bdi phCEng trnh (1) c cc ;?c ;iHm:
- Tm )#i x=ng O, trc )#i x=ng Ox; Oy
- Tiu )i9m F
1
(-c;0); F
2
(c;0)
- Tiu cU F
1
F
2
= 2c
- Trc lDn nAm trn Ox; )* di trc lDn 2a ( = A
1
A
2
)
- Trc nhP nAm trn Oy; )* di trc lDn 2b ( = B
1
B
2
)
- 5Rnh trn trc lDn : A
1
(-a;0); A
2
(a;0)
- 5Rnh trn trc nhP :B
1
(0;-b); B
2
(0;b)
- Bn knh qua tiu )i9m:
VDi M(x;y) (E) th
1 1
2 2
c
r MF a x a ex
a
c
r MF a x a ex
a
+ +
'

- Tm sai : (0 1)
c
e e
a
< <
- 57Bng chuVn :
a
x
e
t

(E)
2c
M
-
a
a
(E
)
c
-
c
y
x
R S
P
Q
O
M
1
r
2
r
1
A
2
A
1
B
2
B
1
F
2
F
1
F
2
F
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13

,)]NG HYPEBOL TRONG M&T PH'NG TA ,-

A.KI0N TH2C C* B#N
I. ,Inh nghKa:

{ }
1 2
( ) / 2 H M MF MF a ( a > 0 : hAng s# v a < c ) (1)

II. PhCEng trnh chnh tRc cFa Hypebol v cc yWu tV:

2 2
2 2
( ) : 1
x y
H
a b
vDi
2 2 2
b c a (1)

2. Cc yWu tV cFa Hypebol:
* Hypebol xc ;Inh bdi phCEng trnh (1) c cc ;?c ;iHm:
- Tm )#i x=ng O, trc )#i x=ng Ox; Oy
- Tiu )i9m F
1
(-c;0); F
2
(c;0) Tiu cU F
1
F
2
= 2c
- Trc thUc nAm trn Ox; )* di trc thUc 2a ( = A
1
A
2
)
- Trc Eo nAm trn Oy; )* di trc Eo 2b ( = B
1
B
2
)
- 5Rnh: A
1
(-a;0); A
2
(a;0)
- Ph7+ng trnh ti3m cHn :
b
y x
a
t
- Bn knh qua tiu )i9m: VDi M(x;y) (H) th :
VDi x > 0
1 1
2 2
r MF a ex
r MF a ex
+
'
+
VDi x < 0
1 1
2 2
( )
( )
r MF a ex
r MF a ex
+
'
+

- Tm sai : ( 1)
c
e e
a
>
- 57Bng chuVn :
a
x
e
t

x
a
b
y
x
a
b
y
1
F
2
F
M
x
y
1
B
2
B
1
A
2
A
a
c c
a
O
M
1
F
2
F
c 2
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14

,)]NG PARABOL TRONG M&T PH'NG TA ,-

A.KI0N TH2C C* B#N
I. ,Inh nghKa :
{ } ( ) / ( , P M MF d M

* F l )i9m c# ),nh g2i l tiu )i9m
* ( ) l )7Bng th0ng c# ),nh g2i l )7Bng chuVn
* HF = p > 0 g2i l tham s# tiu

II. PhCEng trnh chnh tRc cFa parabol:

1) D9ng 1: Ptct: y
2
= 2px 2) D9ng 2: Ptct: y
2
= -2px

3) D9ng 3: Ptct: x
2
= 2py 4) D9ng 4: Ptct : x
2
= -2py

p
K
H
F
M
y
x
p/2
F(-p/2;0)
M
2 / : ) ( p x

y
x
-p/2
:y = -p/2
F(0;p/2)
O
M

F(0;-p/2)
x
( ) : y = p/2
p/2
y
O
M

( ): x=-p/2
O
-p/2
F(p/2;0)
x
y
M

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BI TONCLI GII
1 im- ng thng
Bi 1. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho hnh thoi ABCD c tm I (3; 3) v AC = 2BD. im M
_
2;
4
3
_
thuc ng thng AB, im N
_
3;
13
3
_
thuc ng thng CD. Vit phng trnh ng cho BD
bit nh B c honh nh hn 3.
Gii:
I
M
N
N
B
D
A
C
Ta im N
i xng vi im N qua I l N
_
3;
5
3
_
ng thng AB i qua M, N
c phng trnh: x 3y +2 =0
Suy ra: I H =d (I , AB) =
|39+2|
10
=
4
10
Do AC =2BD nn I A =2I B.
t I B =x >0, ta c phng trnh
1
x
2
+
1
4x
2
=
5
8
x
2
=2 x =
2
t B
_
x, y
_
. Do I B =
2 v B AB nn ta B l nghim ca h:
_
(x 3)
2
+
_
y 3
_
2
=2
x 3y +2 =0
_
5y
2
18y +16 =0
x =3y 2
_
x =
14
5
<3
y =
8
5
hoc
_
x =4 >3
y =2
Do B c honh nh hn 3 nn ta chn B
_
14
5
;
8
5
_
Vy, phng trnh ng cho BD l: 7x y 18 =0.
Bi 2. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho im A(1; 2) v ng thng (d) : x2y+3 =0. Tmtrnng
thng (d) hai im B,C sao cho tam gic ABC vung ti C v AC =3BC.
Gii:
T yu cu ca bi ton ta suy ra C l hnh chiu vung gc ca A trn (d).
Phng trnh ng thng () qua A v vung gc vi (d) l: 2x +y +m=0
A(1; 2) () 2+2+m=0 m=0 Suy ra: () : 2x +y =0.
Ta C l nghim ca h phng trnh:
_
2x +y =0
x 2y =3
_
x =
3
5
y =
6
5
C
_
3
5
;
6
5
_
t B (2t 3; t ) (d), theo gi thit ta c: AC =3BC AC
2
=9BC
2
http://boxmath.vn/ 15
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4
25
+
16
25
=9
__
2t
12
5
_
2
+
_
t
6
5
_
2
_
45t
2
108t +64 =0
_
_
_
_
t =
16
15
t =
4
3
.
Vi t =
16
15
B
_
13
15
;
16
15
_
Vi t =
4
3
B
_
1
3
;
4
3
_
Vy, c hai im tha bi l: B
_
13
15
;
16
15
_
hoc B
_
1
3
;
4
3
_
.
A
C
B
1
B
2
Bi 3. Cho im A(1; 3) v ng thng c phng trnh x 2y +2 = 0. Dng hnh vung
ABCD sao cho hai nh B,C nm trn v cc ta nh C u dng. Tm ta cc nh
B,C, D.
Gii:
A
B
C
D
ng thng (d) i qua A v vung gc vi c phng trnh: 2x +y +m=0
A(1; 3) 2+3+m=0 m=1 Suy ra: (d) : 2x +y 1 =0
Ta B l nghim ca h phng trnh:
_
x 2y =2
2x +y =1
_
x =0
y =1
B (0; 1)
Suy ra: BC = AB =
1+4 =
5 t C
_
x
0
; y
0
_
vi x
0
, y
0
>0, ta c:
_
C
BC =
_
x
0
2y
0
+2 =0
x
2
0
+
_
y
0
1
_
2
=5
_
x
0
=2y
0
2
x
2
0
+
_
y
0
1
_
2
=5
Gii h ny ta c:
_
x
0
=2
y
0
=2
hoc
_
x
0
=2
y
0
=0
(loi). Suy ra: C (2; 2)
Do ABCD l hnh vung nn:
CD =
BA
_
x
D
2 =10
y
D
2 =31
_
x
D
=1
y
D
=4
D(1; 4)
Vy B (0; 1) ,C (2; 2) , D(1; 4)
16 boxmath.vn
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Bi 4. Trn mt phng ta Oxy, hy vit phng trnh cc ng thng cha cc cnh ca
tam gic ABC bit A(1; 6) v hai ng trung tuyn nm trn hai ng thng c phng trnh
l x 2y +1 =0, 3x y 2 =0.
Gii:
A
B
C
Do ta im A khng nghim ng cc phng trnh cho nn ta c th gi s rng:
Phng trnh trung tuyn BM l: x 2y +1 =0 Phng trnh trung tuyn CN l: 3x y 2 =0
t B (2b 1; b), do N l trung im AB nn : N
_
b;
b +6
2
_
N
_
b;
b +6
2
_
CN 3b
b +6
2
2 =0 b =2 Suy ra: B (3; 2)
t C (c; 3c 2), do M l trung im AC nn : M
_
c +1
2
;
3c +4
2
_
M
_
c +1
2
;
3c +4
2
_
BM
c +1
2
2.
3c +4
2
+1 =0 c =1 Suy ra: C (1; 5)
Vy phng trnh ba cnh l: AB : 11x 2y +1 =0, BC : 7x 4y 13 =0, AC : 2x +y 8 =0
Bi 5. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho tam gic ABC vung ti A. Bit A(1; 4) , B (1; 4) v ng
thng BC i qua im I
_
2;
1
2
_
. Tm ta nh C.
Gii:
A
B
I
C
Phng trnh ng thng BC : 9x 2y 17 =0 Do C BC nn ta c th t C
_
c;
9c 17
2
_
,
ta c
AB =(2; 8)

AC =
_
c +1;
9c 25
2
_
. Theo gi thit tam gic ABC vung ti A nn:
AB.
AC =0 c +14.
9c 25
2
=0 c =3
Vy C (3; 5)
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Bi 6. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho tamgic ABC c ng phn gic trong (AD) : xy =0, ng
cao (CH) : 2x +y +3 = 0, cnh AC qua M(0; 1), AB = 2AM. Vit phng trnh ba cnh ca tam
gic ABC.
Gii:
M
A
B
C
H
D
Gi N l im i xng ca M qua AD. Suy ra: N tia AB
Mt khc ta c: AN = AM AB =2AN N l trung im ca AB.
Do MNAD nn phng trnh MN l: x +y +m
1
=0
M(0; 1) MN 1+m
1
=0 m
1
=1 Suy ra: (MN) : x +y +1 =0
Gi K =MN
_
AD, ta K l nghim ca h pt:
_
x +y =1
x y =0
_
x =
1
2
y =
1
2
K
_
1
2
;
1
2
_
V K l trung im ca MN nn:
_
x
N
=2x
K
x
M
=1
y
N
=2y
K
y
M
=0
N(1; 0)
Do ABCH nn phng trnh AB l: x 2y +m
2
=0
N(1; 0) AB 1+m
2
=0 m
2
=1 Suy ra: (AB) : x 2y +1 =0
V A = AB
_
AD nn ta A l nghim ca h pt:
_
x 2y =1
x y =0
_
x =1
y =1
A(1; 1)
Suy ra: (AC) : 2x y 1 =0 V C = AC
_
CH nn ta C l nghim ca h pt:
_
2x y =1
2x +y =3
_
x =
1
2
y =2
C
_
1
2
; 2
_
Do N l trung im ca AB
_
x
B
=2x
N
x
A
=3
y
B
=2y
N
y
A
=1
B (3; 1)
Phng trnh cnh BC: 2x +5y +11 =0
Bi 7. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c cc nh A(1; 2). Trung tuyn CM : 5x +7y
20 =0 v ng cao BH : 5x 2y 4 =0. Vit phng trnh cc cnh AC v BC.
Gii:
Do ACBH nn phng trnh AC l: 2x +5y +m=0 A(1; 2) AC 2+10+m=0 m=8
Suy ra: (AC) : 2x +5y 8 =0 Do C = AC
_
CM nn ta C l nghim ca h pt:
_
2x +5y =8
5x +7y =20
_
x =4
y =0
C (4; 0)
t B (a; b), do B BH nn: 5a 2b 4 =0
V M l trung im ca AB nn ta M l : M
_
1+a
2
;
2+b
2
_
18 boxmath.vn
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Do M
_
1+a
2
;
2+b
2
_
CM 5.
1+a
2
+7.
2+b
2
20 =0 5a +7b 31 =0
Ta M l nghim ca h:
_
5a 2b =4
5a +7b =31
_
a =2
b =3
B (2; 3)
Phng trnh cnh BC l: (BC) : 3x +2y 12 =0
A
C
B
M
H
Bi 8. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c din tch bng 12, I
_
9
2
;
3
2
_
l tm ca
hnh ch nht v M(3; 0) l trung im ca cnh AD. Tm ta cc nh ca hnh ch nht.
Gii:
I
M
A
B
C
D
Do MI l ng trung bnh ca tam gic ABD nn AB =2MI =2
_
9
4
+
9
4
=3
2
V S
ABCD
= AB.AD =12 nn AD =
12
AB
=2
2 MA =MD =
2
ng thng AD qua M(3; 0) v nhn
I M =
_
3
2
;
3
2
_
lm VTPT c phng trnh l:
3
2
(x 3) +
3
2
_
y 0
_
=0 x +y 3 =0
Phng trnh ng trn tm M bn knh R =
2 l: (x 3)
2
+y
2
=2
Ta A v D l nghim ca h phng trnh:
_
x +y 3 =0
(x 3)
2
+y
2
=2
_
y =3x
(x 3)
2
+(3x)
2
=2
_
x =2
y =1
_
x =4
y =1
Suy ra: ta chn A(2; 1) , D(4; 1)
V I l trung im ca AC nn:
_
x
C
=2x
I
x
A
=92 =7
y
C
=2y
I
y
A
=31 =2
C (7; 2)
V I l trung im ca BD nn:
_
x
B
=2x
I
x
D
=5
y
B
=2y
I
y
D
=4
B (5; 4)
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Vy ta cc nh ca hnh ch nht l A(2; 1) , B (5; 4) ,C (7; 2) , D(4; 1).
Bi 9. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho tamgic ABC vi A(2; 4) , B (0; 2) v trng tmG thuc ng
thng 3x y +1 =0. Hy tm ta ca C bit rng tam gic ABC c din tch bng 3.
Gii:
A
B
C
C
G
G
Do G l trng tm ca tam gic ABC nn: S

GAB
=
1
3
S
ABC
=
1
3
.3 =1
Phng trnh ng thng AB l:
x 2
2
=
y +4
2
x +y +2 =0
t G(a; b), do G (d) : 3x y +1 =0 nn 3a b +1 =0, ta c:
S
GAB
=1
1
2
.AB.d (G, AB) =1
1
2
.2
2.d (G, AB) =1

d (G, AB) =
1
|a +b +2|
2
=
1
2
a +b +2 =1
Ta G l nghim ca h:
_
3a b =1
a +b =1
_
3a b =1
a +b =3
_
a =
1
2
b =
1
2
_
a =1
b =2
Suy ra: G
_
1
2
;
1
2
_
hoc G(1; 2)
Vi G
_
1
2
;
1
2
_
th
_
_
x
C
=3x
G
(x
A
+x
B
) =
7
2
y
C
=3y
G
_
y
A
+y
B
_
=
9
2
C
_
7
2
;
9
2
_
Vi G(1; 2) th
_
x
C
=3x
G
(x
A
+x
B
) =5
y
C
=3y
G
_
y
A
+y
B
_
=0
C (5; 0)
Vy c hai imC tha bi l : C (5; 0) v C
_
7
2
;
9
2
_

20 boxmath.vn
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
Bi 10. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho im A(0; 2) v ng thng (d) : x 2y +2 =0.
Tm trn ng thng (d) hai im B,C sao cho tam gic ABC vung B v AB =2BC.
Gii:
A
B
C
C
T yu cu ca bi ton ta suy ra B l hnh chiu vung gc ca A trn (d) Phng trnh ng

thng () qua A v vung gc vi (d) l: 2x +y +m=0
A(0; 2) () 2+m=0 m=2 Suy ra: () : 2x +y 2 =0
Ta B l nghim ca h phng trnh:
_
2x +y =2
x 2y =2
_
x =
2
5
y =
6
5
B
_
2
5
;
6
5
_
t C (2t 2; t ) (d), theo gi thit ta c:
AB =2BC AB
2
=4BC
2
_
2
5
0
_
2
+
_
6
5
2
_
2
=4
__
2t
12
5
_
2
+
_
t
6
5
_
2
_
2t
2
12t +7 =0
_
_
_
t =1 C (0; 1)
t =
7
5
C
_
4
5
;
7
5
_
Vy cc im cn tm l: B
_
2
5
;
6
5
_
,C (0; 1) hoc B
_
2
5
;
6
5
_
,C
_
4
5
;
7
5
_

Bi 11. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho im M(1; 1) v hai ng thng d
1
: x y 1 =0,
d
2
: 2x +y 5 =0 Gi A l giao im ca d
1
, d
2
. Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua im M
ct d
1
, d
2
ln lt B v C sao cho ba im A, B,C to thnh tam gic c BC =3AB.
Gii:
Ta A l nghim ca h:
_
x y =1
2x +y =5
_
x =2
y =1
A(2; 1)
Ly im E (3; 2) d
1
(E = A). Ta tm trn d
2
im F sao cho EF =3AE.
t F (m; 52m). Khi :
EF =3AE (m3)
2
+(32m)
2
=18 5m
2
18 =0
_
_
_
m=0
m=
18
5
_
_
_
F (0; 5)
F
_
18
5
;
11
5
_
V BC =3AB v EF =3AE
EF
BC
=
AE
AB
BC//EF //EF
Vi F (0; 5)
EF =(3; 3) : x +y =0
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
Vi F
_
18
5
;
11
5
_
EF =
_
3
5
;
21
5
_
: 7x +y 6 =0
Vy c hai ng thng cn tm l: x +y =0 hoc 7x +y 6 =0.
M
A
E
F
F
B
C
B
Bi 12. Cho hnh thang ABCD vung ti A v D c y ln l CD,

BCD =45
o
, ng thng AD
c phng trnh 3x y = 0 v ng thng BD c phng trnh x 2y = 0. Vit phng trnh
ng thng BC bit din tch hnh thang bng 15 v im B c honh dng.
Gii:
B
A
D
C
D =(AD) (BD)D(0; 0) cos(AD, BD) =
n
AD
.
n
BD
n
AD
.
n
BD
=
1

ADB =45
o
Suy ra tam gic ABD, BCD vung cn AB = AD =
CD
2
S
ABCD
=
1
2
(AB +CD)AD =
3
2
AB
2
=15AB =
10BD =2
5
Ta c B
_
b;
b
2
_
d : x 2y =0 vi b >0
22 boxmath.vn
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
BD =
_
b
2
+
_
b
2
_
2
=2
5 B(4; 2). (BC) : 2(x 4) +1(y 2) =0

Vy phng trnh ng thng BC : 2x +y 10 =0
Bi 13. Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD bit ng thng AB c phng
trnh x 2y 1 = 0, ng thng BD c phng trnh x 7y +14 = 0 v ng thng AC i qua
imM(2; 1) .Tm to cc nh ca hnh ch nht.
Gii:
M
B
C
D
A
I
Ta c . B =(AB) (BD)B(7; 3) ng thng BC i qua B v vung gc AB nn c phng trnh
2(x 7) +1(y 3) =0 2x +y 17 =0
Ta c A AB A(2a +1; a),C BC C(c; 172c), a =3, c =7,
Suy ra tm I ca hnh ch nht I
_
2a +1+c
2
;
a +172c
2
_
.
Ta c I BD 3c a 18 =0 a =3c 18 A(6c 35; 3c 18)
V M, A,C thng hng
MA,
MC cng phng
_
c =7 (loai)
c =6
Vy : A(1; 0),C(6; 5), D(0; 2), B(7; 3)
Bi 14. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho im A(3; 2), ng thng
1
: x +y 3 = 0 v ng
thng
2
: x +y 9 =0. Bit imB thuc
1
v imC thuc
2
sao cho tamgic ABC vung cn
ti A. Tm ta im B v C.
Gii:
Ta c B
1
B(a; 3a) , C
2
C(b; 9b)
Theo gi thit ta c
_
AB.
AC =0
AB = AC

_
(a 3)(b 3) +(1a)(7b) =0
(a 3)
2
+(b 3)
2
=a
2
+(7b)
2
_
2ab 10a 4b +16 =0
2a
2
8a =2b
2
20b +48
a =2 khng l nghim ca h trn.
(1)b =
5a 8
a 2
, thay vo phng trnh (2) a =0, a =4
Vy ta im
_
B(0; 3) , C(4; 5)
B(4; 1) , C(6; 3)

b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
A
B
C
B
Bi 15. Trong mt phng to Oxy cho im C(2; 5)v ng thng : 3x 4y +4 = 0. Tm

trn ng thng hai im A v B i xng nhau qua im I
_
2;
5
2
_
sao cho din tch tam gic
ABC bng 15.
Gii:
I
C
A
B
Gi A
_
a;
3a +4
4
_
B
_
4a;
163a
4
_
.
Khi din tch tam gic ABC l S
ABC
=
1
2
AB.d(C, ) =3AB.
Theo gi thit ta c AB =5 (42a)
2
+
_
63a
2
_
2
=25
_
a =4
a =0
Vy hai im cn tm l A(0; 1), B(4; 4) hoc A(4; 4), B(0; 1) .
Bi 16. Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho ba ng thng d
1
: 2x +y +3 = 0; d
2
: 3x 2y 1 = 0;
: 7x y +8 =0. Tm im P d
1
v Q d
2
sao cho l ng trung trc ca on thng PQ.
Gii:
P d
1
: 2x +y +3 =0 P(x
1
; 2x
1
3). Q d
2
: 3x 2y 1 =0 Q
_
x
2
;
3x
2
1
2
_
.
Suy ra trung im PQ l I
_
x
1
+x
2
2
;
4x
1
+3x
2
7
4
_
v
PQ
_
x
2
x
1
;
3x
2
+4x
1
+5
2
_
.
Yu cu bi ton P v Q i xng nhau qua
_
_
_
I
PQ =0
24 boxmath.vn
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
_
7.
x
1
+x
2
2

4x
1
+3x
2
+5
2
=0
1.(x
2
x
1
) +7.
3x
2
+4x
1
+5
2
=0
_
18x
1
+11x
2
+39 =0
26x
1
+23x
2
+35 =0
_
x
1
=4
x
2
=3
Suy ra P(4 ; 5), Q(3 ; 4).
P
Q
I
Bi 17. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c trng tmG
_
4
3
; 1
_
, trung im BC l
M(1; 1), phng trnh ng thng cha ng cao k t B l x +y 7 =0. Tm ta A, B,C.
Gii:
G
M
A
B
C
T tnh cht trng tm ta c
MA =3
MG A(2; 1).
B BH : y =x +7 B(b, b +7).
V M(1; 1) l trung im BC nn C(2b; b 5). Suy ra
AC =(b; b 6).
BHAC nn
u
BH
.
AC =0 b +(b 6) =0 b =3. Suy ra B(3; 4), C(1; 2).

Vy A(2; 1), B(3; 4), C(1; 2).
Bi 18. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC. ng cao k t A,trung tuyn k t B,
trung tuyn k tC ln lt nmtrn cc ng thng c phng trnh x+y 6 =0, x2y +1 =0,
x 1 =0. Tm ta A, B, C.
Gii:
T h
_
x 2y +1 =0
x 1 =0
suy ra trng tmG(1; 1).
A AH, B BM, C CN A(a; 6a), B(2b 1; b), C(1; c).
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
Do G(1; 1) l trng tm nn
_
a +(2b 1) +1 =3
(6a) +b +c =3
_
a +2b =3
a +b +c =3
(1)
Ta c
u
AH
=(1; 1),

BC =(22b; c b). V AHBC nn
u
AH
.
BC =0 22b c +b =0 b +c =2 (2)
T (1) v (2) suy ra a =5, b =1, c =3. Vy A(5; 1), B(3; 1), C(1; 3).
A
B
C
G
Bi 19. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC vung cn ti A, phng trnh BC :
2xy7 =0, ng thng AC i qua imM(1; 1), im A nmtrnng thng : x4y+6 =0.
Tm ta cc nh ca tam gic ABC bit rng nh A c honh dng.
Gii:
M
A
B
C
V A : x 4y +6 =0 A(4a 6; a)
MA(4a 5; a 1).
V tam gic ABC vung cn ti A nn

ACB =45
o
.
Do
cos(
MA,

u
BC
)
=
1
|(4a 5) +2(a 1)|

_
(4a 5)
2
+(a 1)
2
.
5
=
1
2
13a
2
42a +32 =0
_
_
_
a =2
a =
16
13
_
_
_
A(2; 2)
A
_
14
13
;
16
13
_
(khng tha mn)
Vy A(2; 2). Suy ra AC : x 3y +4 =0, AB : 3x +y 8 =0. T ta c B(3; 1), C(5; 3).
Bi 20. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gicABC, phng trnh cc ng thng cha
ng cao v ng trung tuyn k t nh A ln lt l x 2y 13 = 0 v 13x 6y 9 = 0. Tm
ta cc nh B v C bit tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC l I (5; 1).
Gii:
Ta c A(3; 8). Gi M l trung im BC I MAH. Ta suy ra pt I M : x 2y +7 =0.
26 boxmath.vn
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
Nn ta M tha mn
_
x 2y +7 =0
13x 6y 9 =0
M(3; 5).
Pt ng thng BC : 2(x 3) +y 5 =0 2x +y 11 =0. B BC B(a; 112a).
Khi I A = I B a
2
6a +8 =0
_
a =4
a =2
.
T suy ra B(4; 3), C(2; 7) hoc B(2; 7), C(4; 3).
I
B
C
A
Bi 21. Trong mt phng vi h trc Oxy, cho hai ng thng d
1
: 3x y 5 =0, d
2
: x +y 4 =0.
v im M(1; 1). Vit phng trnh tng qut ca ng thng d i qua M v ct d
1
, d
2
ln lt
ti A, B sao cho 2MA3MB =0.
Gii:
M
A
B
A d
1
A(x
1
; 3x
1
5), B d
2
B(x
2
; 4x
2
).
V A, B, M thng hng v 2MA =3MB
_
_
2
MA =3
MB (1)
2
MA =3
MB (2)
Ta c
MA =(x
1
1; 3x
1
6),

MB =(x
2
1; 3x
2
).
(1) 2(x
1
1; 3x
1
6) =3(x
2
1; 3x
2
)
_
_
x
1
=
5
2
x
2
=2
Suy ra A
_
5
2
;
5
2
_
, B(2; 2).
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
Suy ra phng trnh d : x y =0. (2) 2(x
1
1; 3x
1
6) =3(x
2
1; 3x
2
)
_
x
1
=1
x
2
=1
Suy ra A(1; 2), B(1; 3). Nn phng trnh d : x 1 =0.
Bi 22. Trong mt phng vi h trc Oxy, cho cc im A(1; 2), B(4; 3). Tm ta im M sao
cho

MAB =135
o
v khong cch t M n ng thng AB bng
10
2
.
Gii:
A
B M
O
Gi s M(x; y). K MHAB. T gi thit suy ra MH =
10
2
v MAH vung cn.
Suy ra AM =MH
2 =
5.
Yu cu bi ton
_
(
AB,

AM) =135
0
AM =
_
3(x 1) +1(y 2)
10.
_
(x 1)
2
+(y 2)
2
=cos135
0
=
1
2
(x 1)
2
+(y 2)
2
=5
t u =x 1, v = y 2. Khi ta c
_
3u +v =5
u
2
+v
2
=5
_
u =1, v =2
u =2, v =1
Vy M(0; 0) hoc M(1; 3)
Bi 23. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tamgic ABC c trng tmG(1; 1); ng cao t nh
A c phng trnh 2x y +1 =0 v cc nh B,C thuc ng thng : x +2y 1 =0. Tm ta
cc nh A, B,C bit din tch tam gic ABC bng 6.
Gii:
G
H
I
A
B
C
Ta chn ng cao H
_
1
5
;
3
5
_
. ng thng d i qua G v song song BC c pt d : x+2y 3 =0.
d AH = I I
_
1
5
;
7
5
_
. Ta c
HA =3
HI A(1; 3). d(A, BC) =

6
5
.
Suy ra BC =
2S
ABC
d(A, BC)
=2
5. Gi M l trung im BC. Khi
MA =3
MG M(1; 0).
28 boxmath.vn
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
Gi B
_
x
1
;
x
1
+1
2
_
. Khi MB =
5 (x
1
1)
2
=4
_
x
1
=3
x
1
=1.
+) Vi x
1
=3 B(3; 1) C(1; 1).
+) Vi x
1
=1 B(1; 1) C(3; 1).
Suy ra A(1; 3), B(3; 1), C(1; 1) hoc A(1; 3), B(1; 1), C(3; 1).
Bi 24. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC cn ti A.ng thng AB v BC ln lt c
phng trnh: 7x +6y 24 = 0; x 2y 2 = 0. Vit phng trnh ng cao k t B ca tam gic
ABC.
Gii:
2 4
2
2
4
0
B
A
E
H
C
Ta c ta B(3;
1
2
)
Gi vecto php tuyn ca phng trnh AC l n(a; b) Do tam gic ABC cn ti A nn ta c:
cosB =cosC
| 712 |
7
2
+6
2
.
1
2
+2
2
=
| a 2b |
a
2
+b
2
.
1
2
+2
2

85. | a 2b |=5
a
2
+b
2
a =
9b
2
hoc a =
7b
6
(loi v song song vi AB)
Vi a =
9b
2
chn a = 9; b = 2 ta c phng trnh ng cao k t B l: (qua B v nhn

n l vecto
ch phng)
x 3
9
=
y
1
2
2
4x 18y 3 =0
Kt lun: Vy phng trnh ng cao k t B l: 4x 18y 3 =0
Bi 25. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC vung ti B, c phng trnh ng cao qua C
: 2x +y +4 =0, ng phn gic trong gc A c phng trnh d
A
: x y 1 =0. Gi M(0; 2) nm
trn cnh AC . Tm ta cc nh A, B,C ca tam gic .
Gii:
- Gi N l im i xng vi M qua phn gic d
A
.
Theo tnh cht phn gic trong th N thuc ng thng BA.
* Xc nh ta N:
Ta c phng trnh ng thng MN : x +y +2 =0
Nn ta giao im ca ng thng MN v AD l I (
1
2
;
3
2
). Do ta N(1; 1).
* Phng trnh ng thng AB:
x +1
2
=
y +1
1
x 2y 1 =0
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
Do ta A l nghim ca h
_
x 2y 1 =0
x y 1 =0
Nn A(1; 0)
Suy ra ta c phng trnh ng thng AC :
x 1
1
=
y
2
2x y 2 =0
Nn ta C tho mn h:
_
2x +y +4 =0
2x y 2 =0
. Suy ra C(
1
2
; 3)
V AB =2AM nn AB =2AN ( do AM = AN) nn N l trung im ca AB . suy ra B(3 : 2)
Kt lun: Vy ta cc nh l: A(1; 0); B(3 : 2);C(
1
2
; 3)
4 2 2
4
2
0
A
B
C
D
E
M
N
Bi 26. Trong mt phng to Oxy , cho 3 im A(3; 4) , B(1; 2) ,C(5; 0) . Vit phng trnhng
thng d i qua A(3; 4) sao cho : d =2d(B; d) +d(C; d) t gi tr ln nht .
Gii:
2 4 6
2
2
4
0
A
B
C
D
E
F
Gi phng trnh ng thng qua A cn tm l : a(x 3) +b(y 4) =0, (a
2
+b
2
=0) ()
Ta c:
_
_
2.d
(B,)
=
| 4a 4b |
a
2
+b
2
d
(C;)
=
| 2a 4b |
a
2
+b
2
Do :
A =2d
(B;)
+d
(C;)
=
| 4a 4b | +| 2a 4b |
a
2
+b
2
Xt TH 1:
B v C cng pha vi () (4a 4b)(2a 4b) 0 ()
30 boxmath.vn
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
Ta c: A =
| 2a 8 |
a
2
+b
2
2
17 (1). Du = xy ra
a
2
=
b
8

a
1
=
b
4
.
Chn (a =1; b =4) tha mn ()
Vy phng trnh ng thng: x +4y 19 =0.
Xt TH 2:
B v C khc pha vi () (4a 4b)(2a 4b) 0 ()
Ta c: A =
| 6a |
a
2
+b
2
=d
(I ;)
(vi I (2 : 4))
Ta thy rng ng thng () qua A v chy t C n B (do B v C khc pha vi () )
Do d
(I ;)
max () qua A v vung gc vi Ox . Khi () : x =3. v A =1 (2)
T (1) v (2) ta c A
max
=2
17.
Kt lun: Phng trnh ng thng: x +4y 19 =0.
Bi 27. Tam gic ABC c trung tuyn BM : 2x +y 3 =0; phn gic trong BN : x +y 2 =0 . im
P(2; 1) thuc AB ,bn knh ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC l R =
5. Xc nh ta cc
nh ca tam gic .
Gii:
2 2 4
2
2
4
6
8
0
B A
C
M
N
H
D
T phng trnh trung tuyn BM v phn gic BN ta suy ra ta im B(1; 1)
V P(2; 1) thuc AB nn ta suy ra phng trnh AB ( i qua B v P) l: y =1. t A(a; 1).
Ta vit phng trnh ng thng i qua A v vung gc vi BN.x y +1a =0.
Cho ng ny giao vi BN ta tm c to ca H(
a+1
2
;
3a
2
) imD l im i xng ca A
qua H v D BC. D(1; 2a).
T c :
BD =(0; 1a) v
AB =(1a; 0) suy ra BD AB suy ra tam gic ABC vung ti B.

t M(m; 32m) th ta c : BM = AM (trung tuyn thuc cnh huyn ca tam gic vung)
(ma)
2
+(22m)
2
=(m1)
2
+(22m)
2
m=
a +1
2
(v a1)
+Th m v ch rng BM = AM =
5
(1a)
2
+
(1a)
2
4
=5 (1a)
2
=4 a =3 hoc a =1
Vi a =3 th A(3; 0);C(1; 8)
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
Vi a =1 th A(1; 1);C(1; 8)
Kt lun: Vy bi ton c hai h nghim: A(3; 1); B(1; 1);C(1; 8) v A(1; 1); B(1; 1);C(1; 8)
Bi 28. Cho tamgic ABC c 3 gc u nhn. Vit phng trnh ng thng cha cnh AC ca
tam gic , bit ta chn ng cao h t nh A; B;C tng ng l: M(1; 2); N(2; 2); P(1; 2).
Gii:
4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5
4
3
2
1
1
2
3
4
0
A
1
B
1
C
1
D
E
F
H
A
M
B
N
C
P
Gi H l trc tm ca tam gic ABC. Mt h qu quen thuc, nu H l trc tm ca tam gic
ABC th H cng l tm ca ng trn ni tip tam gic MNP vi M, N, P ln lt l chn cc
ng cao h t cc nh A, B,C (Ta d dng chng minh h qu ny bng t gic ni tip )
Theo ta 3 im M, N, P bit ta d dng vit c phng trnh cc ng thng:
MN : 4x 3y 2 =0, NP : y 2 =0, MP : x +1 =0
Ti y ta c th lm theo hai cch tm ta im H
Cch 1:
V H l tm ng trn ni tip tam gic MNP nn : d(H; MP) =d(H; PN) =d(H, MN).
Gi H(x; y) ta c:
|x +1|
1
=
|y 2|
1
=
|4x 3y 2|
5
Gii ra ta c H(0; 1)
Cch 2:
D dng ta vit c phng trnh ng phn gic trong ca cc gc:
PNM;

MPN
Phn gic gc:

PNM : 4x 8y +8 =0. Phn gic gc:

MPN : x +y 1 =0.
Ta im H l giao im ca 2 phng trnh ng thng trn H(0; 1)
Phng trnh ng thng AB qua P(1; 2) nhn
HP lm php tuyn:x y +3 =0
Phng trnh ng thng BC qua M(1; 2) nhn
HM lm php tuyn:x +3y +7 =0

Phng trnh ng thng AC qua N(2; 2) nhn
HN lm php tuyn:2x +y 6 =0
Kt lun: Vy phng trnh cc cnh ca tam gic ABC l:
AB : x y +3 =0; BC : x +3y +7 =0; AC : 2x +y 6 =0
Bi 29. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho hnh vung ABCD c nh, bit A(2; 1), I (3; 2) (I l giao im
ca AC v BD). Mt ng thng d i qua C ct cc tia AB, AD ln lt ti M v N. Vit phng
trnh ng thng d sao cho di MN l nh nht.
Gii:
32 boxmath.vn
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1
1
2
3
4
5
0
A
C
I
B
D
E
N
M
Cch 1:
V I l trung im AC nn ta suy ra c ta imC(4; 3)
Cc cnh AB, AD c phng trnh:x 2 =0 v y 1 =0
Chuyn h trc to Oxy sang h trc J XY qua php tnh tin theo
OJ vi J(2; 1).
Cng thc i trc:
_
x = X +2
y =Y +1
hay
_
X =x 2
Y = y 1
Trong h J XY ta c A(0; 0);C(2; 2) v 2 cnh AB, AD trng vi 2 trc to X =0 v Y =0
Khng mt tnh tng qut gi s M(m; 0); N(0, n) (m>0; n >0). MN =
m
2
+n
2
Phng trnh ng thng MN :
X
m
+
Y
n
=1 ()
Do C(2; 2) ()
1
m
+
1
n
=
1
2
Ta c
1
m
+
1
n

4
m+n
m+n 8 MN =
1
2
_
2(m
2
+n
2
)
m+n
2
4
2
MN nh nht bng 4
2 khi v ch khi m=n =4

Khi () : X +Y 4 =0. Trong h Oxy phng trnh ng thng () : x +y 7 =0
Kt lun:Vy ng thng x +y 7 =0 tho mn iu kin bi ton
Cch 2:
t

CMB=
NCD =x. Gi di cnh hnh vung l a

Tam gic CMB vung ti B v tam gic CDN vung ti D
C MN =MC +CN =
a
si nx
+
a
cosx
=a
_
1
si nx
+
1
cosx
_
Dng AM-GM cho 2 s khng m
1
si nx
,
1
cosx
Ta c
1
si nx
+
1
cosx

2
si nx.cosx
=
2
si n2x
M si n2x 1 nn x =45
Vy MN AC. Phng trnh ng thng MN qua C(4; 3) nhn
AC lm php tuyn: x +y 7 =0
Kt lun: Vy ng thng x +y 7 =0 tho mn iu kin bi ton
Bi 30. Trong mt phng h ta Oxy cho tamgic ABC cn ti A c nh A(1; 4) v cc nh
B,C thuc ng thng : x y 4 =0. Xc nh ta cc im B,C bit tam gic ABC c din
tch bng 18.
Gii:
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6
3
2
1
1
2
3
4
0
A
B
C
H
Gi H l trung im BC th AH BC AH : x +y 3 =0 H
_
7
2
,
1
2
_
.
Gi B(x, x 4) ( V B BC) C(7x, 3x)(V H l trung im BC)
V tam gic ABC c din tch bng 18. S
ABC
=
1
2
.d(A, ).BC =18 BC =4.
2
Nn ta c : (x 7+x)
2
+(x 43+x)
2
=32 x =
11
2
hoc x =
3
2
Do B
_
11
2
,
3
2
_
hoc B
_
3
2
,
5
2
_
C
_
3
2
,
5
2
_
hoc C
_
11
2
,
3
2
_
Kt lun: Vy: B
_
11
2
;
3
2
_
;C
_
3
2
,
5
2
_
hoc B
_
3
2
,
5
2
_
;C
_
11
2
,
3
2
_

Bi 31. Trong mt phng ta Oxy vit phng trnh 4 cnh ca hnh vung khng song song
vi cc trc ta , c tm O v 2 cnh k ln lt i qua M(1; 2); N(3; 1).
Gii:
4 2 2 4
2
2
4
0
A
C
F
D
1
E
S
D
B
Khng mt tnh tng qut, gi s AB i qua M(1; 2) v AD i qua N(3; 1).
Gi vc t php tuyn ca ng thng AB l

n =(a; b) vi a, b ng thi khc 0 (iu ny do 4
cnh ca hnh vung khng song song vi cc trc ta ).
Khi : AB : a(x +1) +b(y 2) =0 v AD : b(x 3) a(y +1) =0 .
Ta c d(O; AB) =d(O; AD)
|a 2b|
a
2
+b
2
=
| 3b a|
a
2
+b
2
34 boxmath.vn
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
T ta c 2a =b (loi o trng hp b =0), chon a =1, b =2.
Ta c phng trnh ca AB : x 2y +5 =0, ca AD : 2x +y 5 =0.
T tm im A(1; 3) l giao ca AB, AD. imC i xng A qua O nn C(1; 3).
T phng trnh ca CD : x 2y 5 =0, ca CB : 2x +y +5 =0.
Kt lun: Phng trnh cc cnh l:
AB : x 2y +5 =0, AD : 2x +y 5 =0 CD : x 2y 5 =0, CB : 2x +y +5 =0.
Bi 32. Trong mt phng Oxy cho ABC c A (d) : 2x y +6 = 0, ng trung tuyn (BM) :
x +y +3 =0, trung im cnh BC l N(1; 2). Tnh S
ABC
bit BC(d).
Gii:
6 4 2 2 4
8
6
4
2
2
4
6
0
A
B
C
M
D
E
V: BC//(d) v BC qua N nn BC : 2x y =0
Ta c: N l giao im ca BC v BM B(1, 2) C(3, 6) (V N l trung im BC).
M BM M(m, m3) A(2m3, 2m12)
Mt khc A d m=2 A(7, 8). Ta c: S
ABC
=
1
2
d(A, BC).BC =
3
20
Kt lun: Vy din tch tam gic l: S
ABC
=
3
20

Bi 33. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tamgic ABC c din tch bng 24 v phng trnh cc ng
trung tuyn k t cc nh A, B, C ln lt l
1
: x y +2 =0,
2
: 5x y 2 =0,
3
: x +3y 10 =0.
Tm to cc nh ca tam gic ABC.
Gii:
Gi ta im B(a; 5a 2);C
_
b;
10b
3
_
.
Gi M l trung im ca AB th ta M
_
a +b
2
;
15a b +4
6
_
V im M thuc trung tuyn qua A, nn thay ta trn v rt gn ta c: b =3a 1.
Thay vo trn ta c: C(3a 2; 4a) Suy ra:

BC =(2a 2; 66a)
Ta d dng tm c: S
ABC
=3S
GBC
=24 S
GBC
=8
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
2 2 4 6
2
2
4
6
0
A
B
C
D
E
F
Ta vit c phng trnh ng thng BC l: (x a)(6a 6) +(y 5a +2)(2a 2) =0
T y suy ra: a =1, v ta rt gn li thnh: 6(x a) +2(y 5a +2) =0.
Thay vo cng thc din tch l: S
GBC
=8
1
2
d(G, BC).BC =8.
Suy ra: |a 1| =1 a =0 hoc a =2
Vi: a =0, suy ra ta cc im l: B(0; 2);C(2; 4), A(5; 7)
Vi: a =2, suy ra ta cc im l: B(2; 8);C(4; 2); A(3; 1)
Kt lun: Bi ton c hai kt qu l: B(0; 2);C(2; 4), A(5; 7) hoc B(2; 8);C(4; 2); A(3; 1)
Bi 34. Xc nh m khong cch t im A(3, 1) n ng thng () : x +(m1)y +m=0 l
ln nht.Tm gi tr ln nht .
Gii:
2 1 1 2 3
2
1
1
0
A
H
Ta c: d(M; ) =
2|m+1|
_
(m1)
2
+1
=
2
5|m+1|
_
[(m1)
2
+1
2
)(1
2
+2
2
)
5|m+1|
_
(m+1)
2
=2
5
Du = xy ra khi v ch khi:
m1
1
=
1
2
m=
3
2
Kt lun: Vy m=
3
2

Bi 35. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tamgic ABC c din tch bng 2 , AB c phng trnh xy =
0, I (2, 1) l trung im ca BC. Tm ta trung im K ca AC.
Gii:
Ta c d(I , AB) =
21
2
=
1
2
.
V I l trung im ca BC d(C, AB) =2; d(I , AB) =
2
36 boxmath.vn
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
1 1 2 3
2
1
1
2
3
0
K
1
K
2
A
I
D
T din tch tam gic ABC =2 nn ta suy ra c cnh AB =2
2.
KI l ng trung bnh ca tam gic ABC KI =
1
2
AB =
2
Phng trnh ng thng KI song song vi AB l: x y +m=0
M I (2; 1) m=1. Suy ra phng trnh KI : x y 1 =0
Gi s K(a, a 1). KI
2
=2 (a 2)
2
+(a 2)
2
=2 a =3 hoc a =1. Suy ra K(3; 2) hoc K(1; 0)
Kt lun:Vy trung im K ca AC c ta l: K(3; 2); K(1; 0)
Bi 36. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tamgic ABC c cnh AB =4
2 v nhC(1; 5). ng thng

AB c phng trnh xy +2 =0, ng thng (d) : x+3y 16 =0 i qua trng tmG ca tamgic.
Tm ta cc nh A, B.
Gii:
1 1 2 3 4 5
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0
C
A
B
I
Thay ta imC(1; 5) vo phng trnh (d) : x +3y 16 =0 thy tha mn.
Suy ra (d) l ng trung tuyn xut pht t nh C
Gi I l trung im ABI l giao im ca (d) v (AB) I
_
5
2
,
9
2
_
Gi ta im A(x
o
, x
o
+2) B(5x
o
, 7x
o
) AB
2
=2(2x
o
5)
2
=32 x
o
=
9
2
hoc x
o
=
1
2
A
_
9
2
;
13
2
_
; B
_
1
2
;
5
2
_
. Hoc ngc li (V A v B c vai tr nh nhau).
Kt lun:Vy A
_
9
2
;
13
2
_
; B
_
1
2
;
5
2
_
hoc B
_
9
2
;
13
2
_
; A
_
1
2
;
5
2
_

Bi 37. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC bit B(4; 1),C(3; 2), din tch tam gic ABC
bng
51
2
v trng tmG thuc ng thng (d) : x y +2 =0. Hy tm ta nh A.
Gii:
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
5 5 10 15
5
5
0
A
1
B
C
A
2
Gi G(t ; t +2) (d). Gi M l trung im ca BC, ta c M
_
1
2
;
3
2
_
.
BC i qua B,C nn BC : x +7y +11 =0
S
GMC
=
1
2
GK.MC =
1
2
1
3
AH
1
2
BC =
1
6
1
2
AH.BC =
1
6
S
ABC
=
1
6
51
2
=
17
4
1
2
GK.MC =
17
4
GK =
17
2.MC
=
17
2
5
2
2
=
17
5
2
.
Nn: GK =d(G, BC) =
t +7(t +2) +11
5
2
=
17
5
2
|8t +25| =17 t =1 hoc t =
21
4
.
Suy ra G
1
(1; 1), G
2
_
21
4
;
13
4
_
Tip tc s dng ng thc :
AG =2.
GM suy ra im A
1
(2; 6), A
2
_
59
4
;
27
4
_
.
Kt lun:Vy c 2 ta nh A tha mn iu kin bi l: A
1
(2; 6), A
2
_
59
4
;
27
4
_

Bi 38. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC . ng phn gic gc A c phng trnh
x +y 3 = 0, ng trung tuyn t B c phng trnh x y +1 = 0 ng cao k t C c phng
trnh 2x +y +1 =0. Tm ta cc nh ca tam gic ABC.
Gii:
1 1 2
1
1
2
3
0
A
B
C
D
M
H
Gi cc ng thng cho ln lt l: AD; BM;CH, v gi ta cc im nh sau:
A AD A(a; 3a); B BM B(b; b +1); C CH C(c; 2c 1)
Khi ta c ta im M l trung im ca AC l: M
_
a +c
2
;
2a 2c
2
_
M M BM, nn thay M
vo phng trnh BM, ta c: 2a +3c =0 (1)
Ta c:
AB =(b a; a +b 2). Do CH l ng cao c

u =(1; 2),
nn ta c:
AB.

u =0 3a +b =4 (2)
Ta rng: AD BM = I , nn I chnh l trung im ca BM.
38 boxmath.vn
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
Ta I
_
a +2b +c
4
;
a +2b 2c +4
4
_
. Ta c: I AD 4b c =8(3).
Kt hp (1); (2); (3) ta thu c h 3 phng trnh 3 n, gii ra ta c: a =
12
17
; b =
32
17
; c =
8
17
Kt lun: Vy ta 3 nh ca ABC l: A
_
12
17
;
39
17
_
; B
_
32
17
;
49
17
_
;C
_
8
17
;
1
17
_

Bi 39. Trong mt phng Oxy cho im A(1; 1). Hy tm im B trn ng thng y =3 v im
C trn trc honh sao cho ABC u.
Gii:
2 1 1 2 3 4
1
1
2
3
0
A
C
B
C
1
B
1
Ta c: B thuc ng thng y =3 B(a; 3), v C thuc Ox C(b; 0)
V ABC u nn:
_
_
_
AB = AC
(
AB;
AC) =

3
_
(a 1)
2
(b 1)
2
=3
(a 1)(b 1) 2
(a 1)
2
+4
=
1
2
Coi y l h phng trnh hai n l a 1 v b 1 (d thy h a v h ng cp)
t b 1 =k(a 1) , thay vo ta c: k
1
=
5
4
v k
2
=
1
2
+ Vi k
1
=
5
4
th b 1 =
5
4
(a 1), thay vo h thy v nghim.
+ Vi k
2
=
1
2
, thay vo h ta c: a 1 =
4
3
hoc a 1 =
4
3
Kt lun:Vy tn ti hai cp im B,C ABC u:
B
_
3+4
3
3
; 3
_
;C
_
3+5
3
3
; 0
_
v B
_
34
3
3
; 3);C(
35
3
3
; 0
_

Bi 40. Trong mt phng Oxy cho hnh thoi ABCD bit phng trnh ca mt ng cho
l: 3x +y 7 = 0 v im B(0; 3). Tm ta cc nh cn li ca hnh thoi bit din tch ca
hnh thoi bng 20.
Gii:
R rng B khng thuc ng cho cho nn ta c AC : 3x +y 7 =0.
V BD i qua B ng thi vung gc vi AC nn phng trnh ca BD l : x 3y 9 =0
Ta tm I ca hnh thoi l nghim ca h phng trnh :
_
_
_
x 3y 9 =0
3x +y 7 =0
_
_
_
x =3
y =2
T : I (3, 2), li do D i xng vi B qua I nn tm c : D(6, 1).
T : S
ABCD
=20 =2.I B.I A, ch vi : I B =
10 ta c c : I A =
10.
Gi s A c ta : A(a, 73a). Khi : I A =
_
(a 3)
2
+(93a)
2
=
10
Gii phng trnh ta c: a =4 hoc a =2
Nh vy, ta c : A(4, 5), A(2; 1), do C i xng vi A qua I nn tm c : C(2, 1),C(4, 5).
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
Kt lun:Vy ta 3 nh cn li ca hnh thoi l:
A(4, 5); D(6, 1);C(2, 1) hoc A(2; 1);C(4; 5); D(6; 1)
1 1 2 3 4 5 6
5
4
3
2
1
1
0
B
D
I
C
A
Bi 41. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC c nh B(
1
2
; 1). ng trn ni tip tam gic
ABC tip xc vi cnh BC, AC, AB tng ng ti cc im D, E, F. Cho D(3; 1) v ng thng EF
c phng trnh y 3 =0. Tm ta nh A bit A c tung dng.
Gii:
1 1 2 3 4 5 6
1
1
2
3
4
5
0
B D
F
A
C
E
V BC i qua B(
1
2
; 1) v D(3; 1) nn phng trnh c thng BC c dng:
5
2
(y 1) =0 y 1 =0
M ng thng EF c phng trnh y 3 =0. EF BC
Vy ABC cn ti A AD BC AD c phng trnh:
5
2
(x 3) =0 x 3 =0
Gi F(x, 3) .(V F EF). D thy BF =BD =
5
2
F(2, 3) hoc F(1, 3) ( loi v khc pha vi C, D so
vi B) BF c dng: 4x 3y +1 =0
M A l giao im ca BF v AD A(3,
13
3
) (nhn)
Kt lun: Vy ta nh A tha mn iu kin l: A(3,
15
3
)
Ch :L gii ti sao BF =BD; AF = AE;CD =CE
Ta c: AFI =AEI v: AI chung v I F = I E =r () (cnh huyn- cnh gc vung)
AE = AF (1). V EF song song BD
AF
AB
=
AE
AC
kt hp vi (1) AB = AC tam gic ABC li cn ti A.
Ta cng ln lt xt cc tam gic ging () c: BF =BD v CD =CE
40 boxmath.vn
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
2 1 1 2
1
2
3
4
5
0
I
D
A
B
C
E
F
Bi 42. Trong mt phng Oxy cho ba ng thng d
1
: 4x+y9 =0, d
2
: 2xy+6 =0, d
3
: xy+2 =0.
Tm ta cc nh ca hnh thoi ABCD, bit hnh thoi ABCD c din tch bng 15, cc nh
A,C thuc d
3
, B thuc d
1
v D thuc d
2
.
Gii:
2 1 1 2 3 4
1
1
2
3
4
5
0
A
B
D
C
O
Do B, D ln lt thuc d
1
, d
2
nn ta c ta ca B, D ln lt l : B(b, 94b); D(d, 2d +6).
Gi O l tm ca hnh thoi, hin nhin O l trung im ca BD v O thuc AC.
T ta d dng thit lp c phng trnh :
b +d
2

154b +2d
2
+2 =0 5b d =11
By gi s dng AC BD thu c phng trnh :
d b
1
=
4b +2d 3
1
b +d =1
T y gii h tm c ngay b, d suy ra : B(2, 1), D(1, 4).
By gi gi s : A(a, a +2),C(c, c +2).
Trung imO ca BD cng chnh l trung im ca AC nn d dng suy ra : a +c =1.
Ta tnh c : BD =3
2, AC =|a c|
2 =|2a 1|
2 ng thi ta c :
S
ABCD
=
1
2
AC.BD =3|2a 1| =15
T y d dng c c : a =3, a =2. Suy ra ta : A(3; 5);C(2; 0)
Kt lun: Vy ta cc nh ca hnh thoi l: A(3; 5); B(2, 1);C(2; 0); D(1, 4)
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
Bi 43. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC cn ti A , cnh BC : x y +1 =0, ng cao h
t nh B l: x +3y +5 =0. ng cao h t nh C i qua M(3; 0). Tm ta cc nh ca tam
gic ABC.
Gii:
2 1 1 2 3
2
1
1
2
3
0
A
B
C
K
H
M
Gi BH : x +3y +5 =0.
Do B =BC BH nn ta im B l nghim ca h phng trnh :
_
_
_
x +3y +5 =0
x y +1 =0
_
_
_
x =2
y =1
B(2; 1)
Gi CK l ng thng i qua M v vung gc vi AB c vecto php tuyn

n =(a; b).
Lc ta c phng trnh CK :
a(x 3) +by =0 ax +by 3a =0 (a
2
+b
2
=0)
Mt khc ta c BHC =CKB ( cnh huyn ; gc nhn)
HBC =

KCB.
T y ta c
cos
HBC =cos

KCB cos

(BH, BC) =cos

(CK, BC) (1)
Mt khc ta c vecto php tuyn
n
BC
=(1; 1), vecto php tuyn
n
BH
=(1; 3).
T (1) ta c :
|
n
BH
.
n
BC
|
|
n
BH
|.|
n
BH
|
=
|

n .
n
BC
|
|

n |.|
n
BC
|
2.
10
=
|a b|
2.
a
2
+b
2
2
_
a
2
+b
2
=
10|a b|
4(a
2
+b
2
) =10(a
2
2ab +b
2
) 3a
2
10ab +3b
2
=0
_
_
a =3b
a =
1
3
b
Vi a =3b ta chn a =3; b =1. Lc phng trnh CK : 3x +y 9 =0 (nhn)
Vi a =
1
3
b ta chn a =1; b =3. Lc phng trnh CK : x +3y 3 =0 (loi v BH||CK)
Mt khc ta c C =BC CK nn ta imC l nghim ca h phng trnh :
_
_
_
3x +y 9 =0
x y +1 =0
_
_
_
x =0
y =1
C(2; 3)
Li c ABCK. Suy ra vecto ch phng
u
AB
=
n
CK
=(3; 1).
M B AB nn ta c phng trnh AB :
x +2
3
=
y +1
1
x 3y 1 =0
42 boxmath.vn
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
Do ACBH. Suy ra vecto ch phng
u
AC
=
n
BH
=(1; 3).
Li c C AC nn ta c phng trnh AC :
x 2
1
=
y 3
3
3x y 3 =0
V A = AB AC nn ta c ta im A l nghim ca h phng trnh :
_
_
_
x 3y 1 =0
3x y 3 =0
_
_
_
x =1
y =0
A(1; 0)
Kt lun:Vy ta cc nh ca tam gic ABC l: A(1; 0); B(2; 1);C(2; 3)
Bi 44. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC c trc tm H(2; 0), phng trnh ng trung
tuyn CM : 3x +7y 8 =0, phng trnh ng trung trc ca BC : x 3 =0. Tm ta ca nh
A.
Gii:
H
A
E
F
G
PQ l trung trc BC (P thuc BC).
Ta c: CM : 3x +7y 8 =0, PQ : x 3 =0, AH : x 2 =0 (do AHPQ v H(2; 0) )
Gi E, F ln lt l giao ca CM vi AH, PQ. Suy ra tm c E
_
2;
2
7
_
v F
_
3,
1
7
_
Ni AP ct CM ti G l trng tm tam gic ABC.
thy EG =2GF do tam gic AEG ng dng tam gic PFG. Suy ra G
_
8
3
; 0
_
Nu gi I l tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC th 2GI = HG( ng thng euler).
Suy ra I (3; 0). Biu din A, P cn 1 n theo pt ng thng: A(2; y
A
); P(3; y
P
)
C y
A
+y
B
+y
C
=2.y
P
+y
A
=3y
G
v AE =2EF ta c h pt :
_
_
_
y
A
+2y
P
=0
1
2
y
A
y
E
=
1
7
Suy ra y
A
=
1
7
Kt lun: Vy ta im A
_
2;
1
7
_

Bi 45. Trong mt phng Oxy cho (d) : x y =0 v M(2, 1). Tm phng trnh (d
1
) ct trc hong
ti A v ct (d) ti B sao cho tam gic AMB vung cn ti M.
Gii:
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
1 1 2
1
1
2
0
M B
A
Gi A(a; 0) thuc trc honh, B(b; b) thuc d. Tam gic AMB vung cn ti M nn ta c:
_
_
_
MA =MB
MA.
MB =0
_
_
_
a
2
4a =2b
2
6b
ab 2a 3b +5 =0
_
a =
3b 5
b 2
(3b a)
2
4(3b 5)(b 2) =2b(b 3)(b 2)
2
_
a =
3b 5
b 2
(b 1)(b 2)(b
2
2b +4) =0
b =1; a =2
Suy ra A(2; 0) v B(1; 1) Phng trnh d
1
:x +y 2 =0
Kt lun: Vy phng trnh d
1
: x +y 2 =0
Bi 46. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC c B(1, 2) phn gic trong AK : 2x +y 1 = 0.
Khong cch t C n AK bng 2 ln khong cch t B n AK . Tm ta nh A, C bit C
thuc trc tung.
Gii:
Ta c:
d(B, AK) =
|2.1+21|
2
2
+1
2
=
3
5
V C Oy C(0, y) Theo gi thit ta c: Khong cch t C n AK bng 2 ln khong cch t B
n AK nn ta c:
d(C, AK) =2dB(AK)
|2.0+y 1|
2
2
+1
2
=
6
5
. |y 1| =6.
_
y =7
y =5 (loi)
Vy: C(0, 7) Gi C
i xng vi C qua AK th C
_
24
5
,
23
5
_
v C
BA
T y ta d dng vit c phng trnh ng thng BA : 13x +29y 71 =0
V A AK, A AB A
_
14
15
,
43
15
_
Kt lun:Vy ta nh A l:A
_
14
15
,
43
15
_

Bi 47. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC vi ng cao k t nh B v phn gic trong
ca gc A c phng trnh ln lt l x 2y 2 = 0 v x y 1 = 0. im M(0; 2) thuc ng
thng AB v AB =2AC. Tm ta cc nh ca ABC.
Gii:
44 boxmath.vn
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
B
M
A
C P
M
K
t (AP) : x y 1 =0; (BK) : x 2y 2 =0
Gi H l hnh chiu ca M trn AP.
Ta c M(0; 2) MH v

n
MH
=

u
AP
=(1; 1) (MH) : x +y 2 =0.
H l giao im ca AP v MH , ta ca n l nghim ca h:
_
_
_
x +y 2 =0
x y 1 =0
H
_
3
2
;
1
2
_
Gi M
l im i xng vi M qua AP, H l trung im ca MM
.
Suy ra M
(3; 1), m M
(3; 1) AM
v

n
AM
=

u
BK
=(2; 1) (AM
) : 2x +y 5 =0.
Ta c A AM
A(2; 1)
(AM) : x +2y 2 =0, B AM B(2; 0)
Gi C(c; 52c) AM
.
Theo gi thit AB =2AC C
_
2
1
5
; 1+
2
5
_
hoc C
_
2+
1
5
; 1
2
5
_

Bi 48. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c trc tm H(1; 3), tm ng trn ngoi tip
tam gic ABC l I (2; 0) v A(3; 4). Vit phng trnh ca ng thng BC.
Gii:
A
B
C
H
M
I
A
Nhn xt: Hn khng t ngi khi c ta ln s ngh ngay n cng thc Eul er trong tam
gic p dng trong bi ny. Nhng trn thc t cng thc ny mun s dng trong khi thi i
hc-Cao ng th phi chng minh n trc. Nh vy, ta phi la chn con ng khc lm
bi ny. Chng hn
Dng ng trn (C)ngoi tip ABC. Gi A
l im i xng ca im A qua I , suy ra A
(C)
v I l trung im ca AA
. Do A
(1; 4).
D dng chng minh c A
BHC l hnh bnh hnh (BH A
C, HC A
B).
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
Gi M l giao im ca BC v A
H, suy ra M l trung im ca AH
M
_
1;
1
2
_
.
Nh vy ta c M(1;
1
2
) BC v BC AH PT ca BC : 4x +2y 3 =0 .
Bi 49. Trong mt phng Oxy cho im A(3; 5) v hai ng phn gic trong ca ABC ln
lt l (d
1
) : x +y 2 =0, (d
2
) : x 3y 6 =0. Vit phng trnh ng thng BC.
Gii:
B
C
A
A
2 A
1
D dng kim tra c rng im A khng thuc d
1
v d
2
nn d
1
, d
2
l hai phn gic trong xut
pht t hai nh B,C.
Gi A
1
v A
2
ln lt l hai im i xng ca im A qua d
1
v d
2
.
Ta tin hnh tm ta A
1
, A
2
nh sau:
Gi H l hnh chiu ca A trn d
1
. Khi
A(3; 5) AH

n
AH
=

u
d1
=(1; 1)
_
PT ca AH : x +y 8 =0.
Ta ca H l nghim ca h
_
_
_
x +y 2 =0
x +y 8 =0
H(5; 3)
Mt khc H l trung im ca AA
1
nn A
1
(13; 11)
Tng t ta cng tm c A
2
_
3
5
;
11
5
_
.
Nh vy, theo tnh cht ng phn gic trong ca tamgic suy ra A
1
, A
2
thuc ng thng BC,
nn phng trnh ng thng BC cng chnh l phng trnh ca A
1
A
2
.
Kt lun: BC : 11x +17y +220 =0 .
Nhn xt: Qua cc bi ton trn, chng ta thy rng khi bi ton cho phng trnh ng phn
gic thng th ta s ngh ti hng lm nh th no? Tht may mn, ng phn gic n c
mt tnh cht c bn l mi im nm trn n lun cch u hai cnh k, hay ni cch
khc l tnh i xng ca cc cp im trn hai cnh k qua ng phn gic. C th, nu
l ng phn gic ca gc xOy th vi mi imM Ox c imi xng ca n thuc tia Oy.
Bi 50. Trong mt phng Oxy, vit phng trnh ng thng (d) i qua im A(1; 3) v ct
trc Ox, Oy ln lt ti M, N sao cho
2
OM
2
+
1
ON
2
nh nht.
Gii:
Gi phng trnh ng thng d c dng: y =kx +b, k =0
Do d i qua A(1; 3) nn ta c k +b =3 k =b 3.
(d) ct Ox ti M M
_
b
k
; 0
_
46 boxmath.vn
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
(d) ct Oy ti N N(0; b)
Khi
2
OM
2
+
1
ON
2
=
2k
2
b
2
+
1
b
2
=
2(b 3)
2
+1
b
2
=
_
19
b

6
19
_
2
+
2
19

2
19
Do
_
2
OM
2
+
1
ON
2
_
mi n
=
2
19
khi b =
19
6
k =
1
6
.
Tm li, (d) : y =
x
6
+
19
6
.
Bi 51. (Trch thi th THPT Quc gc Hu-2012).
Trong mt phng Oxy cho 2 ng thng: (L
1
) : 4x 2y +5 =0, (L
2
) : 4x +6y 13 =0
ng thng ct (L
1
), (L
2
) ln lt ti T
1
, T
2
. Bit rng (L
1
) l phn gic gc to bi OT
1
v ,
(L
2
) l phn gic gc to bi OT
2
v . Tm ta giao im ca v trc tung?
Gii:
2 1 1 2 3
1
1
2
3
0
L
2
L
1
T
2
T
1
F
E
Gi E v F l im i xng ca O qua (L
1
) v (L
2
) , I , J theo th t l trung im ca OE, OF
Ta d dng chng minh c E, F thuc
Gi I (a; b) E(2a; 2b)
I thuc (L
1
) v OI (L
1
) , suy ra I (1;
1
2
) E(2; 1)
Tng t ta cng tm c J(1;
3
2
) F(2; 3)
Phng trnh i qua E v F : : x 2y +4 =0
Kt lun, giao im ca vi trc tung l M(0; 2) .
Bi 52. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC vung ti A v im B(1, 1). Phng trnh
ng thng AC : 4x +3y 32 =0. Tia BC ly M sao cho BM.BC =75. TmC bit bn knh ng
trn ngoi tip tam gic AMC l
5
5
2
.
Gii:
B C
A
M
N
I
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
Cch 1:
I l tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic AMC.
Ta c: P
(B/(I ))
=
BM.
BC =BI
2
R
2
vi R =
5
5
2
V B nm ngoi ng trn (I ) nn ta c:
BM.
BC =BM.BC =75 BI
2
R
2
=75 BI
2
=
425
4
Vit c phng trnh AB : 3x 4y +1 =0 v tm c A(5; 4)
Gi I (x; y) ta c:
_
_
I A
2
=
125
4
I B
2
=
425
4
Tnh c: I
_
13
2
; 2
_
hoc I
_
7
2
; 6
_
Vit phng trnh ng trung trc I N ca AC. Tm c N = AC I N.
Dng tnh cht trung im suy ra: C(8; 0) hoc C(2; 8) .
Cch 2(HD cch lm:)
V BA AC nn tm c ta im A.
K MKBC ct AB ti K.
Khi gi I l trung imca CK ta d dng suy ra I l tmng trn ngoi tip tamgic AMC
Do BMK BAC
BM
BA
=
BK
BC
. T tnh c BK.
Do A nm gia B v K nn ta s c: AK =BK BA
T ta tnh c di cnh AC =
4R
2
AK
2
V suy ra ta imC.
Bi 53. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC c: A(0; 2); B(2; 6) v C thuc ng thng (d) :
x3y +1 =0. Tmta nhC sao cho phn gic trong xut pht t nh A song song vi ng
thng d.
Gii:
d
B C
A
D
M
I
V ng phn gic trong gc A song song vi ng thng d nn phng trnh ng phn gic
c dng x 3y +m=0.
V qua A(0; 2) nn phn gic trong gc A c phng trnh d
1
: x 3y +6 =0.
Gi M l im i xng vi B qua ng phn gic d
1
, khi ta c: M AC.
Ta vit c phng trnh ng thng BM l: 3x +y 12 =0.
T , giao im I ca d
1
v BM c ta l: I (3; 3). Suy ra ta im M(4; 0).
T suy ra phng trnh ng thng AC l: x +2y =4.
48 boxmath.vn
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
Ta imC l nghim ca h phng trnh:
_
_
_
x +2y =4
x 3y +1 =0
_
_
_
x =2
y =1
Kt lun: C(2; 1) .
Bi 54. Trong mt phng Oxy cho ABC cn ti A. Bit phng trnh cc ng thng AB; BC
c phng trnh ln lt l x +2y 1 = 0; 3x y +5 = 0. Vit phng trnh cnh AC bit rng
M(1; 3) thuc cnh AC.
Gii:
C B
A
M
N I
H
Xt phng trnh ng thng qua M song song vi BC.
Phng trnh ng thng ny c dng (d) : 3x y 6 =0
Gi N l giao im ca (d) v AB. Tnh c N
_
13
7
3
7
_
Trung im I ca MN l: I
_
10
7
;
12
7
_
.
ng thng AI c dng (AI ) : x +3y
46
7
=0
Ta tnh c H
_
59
70
;
173
70
_
l giao im ca AI v BC.
Hn na, B l giao im ca BC v AB, suy ra B
_
9
7
;
8
7
_
V H l trung im ca BC. Suy ra c ta imC
_
2
5
;
19
5
_
Nh vy ng thng AC i qua 2 imC v M c phng trnh tng qut l
34x +7y 13 =0
Bi 55. Trong mt phng Oxy cho hnh thoi ABCD c tm I (2; 1) v AC = 2BD. im M
_
0;
1
3
_
thuc ng thng AB; im N(0; 7) thuc ng thng CD. Tm ta nh B bit B c honh
dng.
Gii:
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
A
B
D
C
I
M
N
N
H
bi ton ny trc tin chng ta hy ti v tr ca ba im M, I , N trn hnh thoi ABCD ta
thy ngay c nu ta gi N
l im i xng ca N qua tm I th ta c N
thuc cnh AB. Vy

phng trnh AB hon ton xc nh c.
C th ta c ta im N
(x
; y
) c xc nh bi cng thc:
_
_
_
x
=2x
I
x
N
=4
y
=2y
I
y
N
=5
N
(4; 5)
Lc ta c ng thng AB l ng thng i qua hai im M; N
nn:
_
_
N
AB

u
AB
=
_
4;
16
3
_
nn phng trnh AB :
x 4
4
=
3(x +5)
16
4x +3y 1 =0
By gi ta quan st n d kin gi thit AC =2BD. iu quan tm ca chng ta l qua d kin
ny bi ton mun cho bit iu g?
Ta rng BD =2BI ; AC =2AI . Vy t iu kin AC =2BD ta c ngay c AI =2BI .
Ch vo tam gic ABI vung ti I ta khng c d kin cnh c th no c nn ta t BI =x th
ta c AI =2x.
di ng cao trong tamgic ABI vung ti I chnh l khong cch t tmI nng thng
AB nn ta c:
I H =d
(I ,AB)
=
|4.2+3.11|
3
2
+4
5
=2 vi I HAB
Xt trong ABI vung ti I ta c :
1
I H
2
=
1
AI
2
+
1
BI
2

1
4
=
1
x
2
+
1
4x
2
x =
5 hay BI =
5 (1)
(1) cho chng ta lin tng imB thuc ng trn tm I v bn knh bng
5. Do ta
im B l nghim ca h :
_
_
_
4x +3y 1 =0
(x 2)
2
+(y 1)
2
=5
B(1; 1) (v B c honh dng)
Kt lun: B(1; 1)
Bi 56. (
)Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC c phng trnh cc ng cao AH, phn
gic trong BD, trung tuynCM ln lt l 2x +y 12 =0, y =x 2, x 5y 3 =0. Tmta A, B,C.
Gii:
50 boxmath.vn
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
A
B C H
M
D
E
F
G
I K
Hng dn gii:
Trn AH ly 1 im E bt k v ti E dng ng thng d AH.
Dng ng thng d
i xng vi d qua phn gic BD. ng thng ny ct BD ti F, ct AH

ti G.
Gi K l trung im ca FG. Ta cn chng minh I K CM = M (Vi I l giao im ca AH v
BD).
T ta d dng tm c ta A, B,C.
Bi 57. Trong mt phng Oxy cho hnh vung c AB : 4x 3y 4 =0,CD : 4x 3y 18 =0 v tm
I thuc d : x +y 1 =0, vit phng trnh ng thng cha hai canh cn li ca hnh vung
Gii:
0
A
B
C
D
d
I
I d : x +y 1 =0 nn I =(x
0
; 1x
0
). V I l tm hnh vung nn
d(I , AB) =d(I ,CD)
4x
0
3(1x
0
) 4
_
4
2
+(3)
2
|4x
0
3(1x
0
) 18|
_
4
2
+(3)
2
|7x
0
7| =|7x
0
21|
_
7x
0
7 =7x
0
=7x
0
21 V l
7x
0
7 =217x
0
x
0
=2
Nn im I (2; 1). Phng trnh cnh BC : 3x +4y +c =0
C d(I , AB) =d(I , BC)
|4.23.(1) 4|
_
4
2
+(3)
2
=
|3.2+4(1) +c|
3
2
+4
2
7 =|2+c|
_
c =5
c =9
Kt lun: Vy phng trnh cc cnh
_
_
_
BC : 3x +4y +5 =0
AD : 3x +4y 9 =0
hoc
_
_
_
BC : 3x +4y 9 =0
AD : 3x 4y +5 =0
Bi 58. Trong mt phng Oxy cho ABC cn nh A. Canh bn AB v canh y BC c phng

trnh ln lt l x +2y 1 =0 v 3x y +5 =0 . Lp phng trnh cnh AC bit ng thng AC
i qua im M(1; 3).
Gii:
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
0
M
B
A
C
Gi

n =(a; b)vi a
2
+b
2
=0 l vect php tuyn ca ng thng AC,
Khi phng trnh cnh AC i qua M(1; 3) c dng AC : a(x 1) +b(y +3) =0
T phng trnh cnh AB suy ra ng thng AB nhn
n
1
(1; 2) lm mt vect php tuyn.
T phng trnh cnh BC suy ra ng thng BC nhn
n
2
(3; 1) lm mt vect php tuyn.
V tam gic ABC cn ti A nn ta c:
| cos(
n
1
,
n
2
)| =| cos(

n ,
n
2
)|
5
=
|3a b|
a
2
+b
2
a
2
+b
2
=5(3a b)
2
44a
2
30ab +4b
2
=0(1)
+ Nu b =0 thay vo (1) a =0 (Loi)
+ Nu b =0 chn b =1 thay vo (1) ta c 44a
2
30a +4 =0
_
_
_
a =
1
2
a =
2
11
* Vi a =
1
2
th phng trnh cnh AC : x +2y +5 =0( Loi v khi ACsong song vi AB)
* Vi a =
2
11
th phng trnh cnh AC : 2x +11y +31 =0
Kt lun: Phng trnh cnh AC : 2x +11y +31 =0
Bi 59. Trong mt phng Oxy, tmta cc dnh cn li ca tamgic ABC bit A(5; 2), phng
trnh ng trung trc ca BC, ng trung tuyn CD ln lt c phng trnh l : x +y 6 =0
v 2x y +3 =0.
Gii:
5 5
5
10
0
A
M
B
C
D
52 boxmath.vn
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a
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Gi G(x
G
; y
G
) l trng tm tam gic ABC , M l trung im ca BC.
nn M thuc ng trung trc ca BC suy ra M(a; 6a)
Ta c
AG =(x
G
5; y
G
2),
AM =(a 5; 4a)
Theo tnh cht trng tm ta c
AG =
2
3
AM
_
_
x
G
5 =
2
3
(a 5)
y
G
2 =
2
3
(4a)
_
x
G
=
2a
3

5
3
y
G
=
2a
3
+
14
3
M G thuc trung tuyn CD nn
2
_
2a
3

5
3
_
_
2a
3
+
14
3
_
+3 =0 a =
5
6
suy ra M
_
5
6
;
41
6
_
Phng trnh ng thng BC : 1
_
x
5
6
_
_
y
41
6
_
=0 x y +
23
3
=0
Nn ta imCl nghim ca h
_
_
_
x y +
23
3
=0
2x y +3 =0
_
_
x =
14
3
y =
37
3
hay C
_
14
3
;
37
3
_
M M l trung im ca BC nn B
_
19
3
;
4
3
_
Kt lun: B
_
19
3
;
4
3
_
, C
_
14
3
;
37
3
_

Bi 60. Trong mt phng Oxy cho ng phn gic t A , trung tuyn t B, ng cao t C c
phng trnh ln lt l: x +y 3 =0, x y +1 =0, 2x +y +1 =0. Tmta cc nh ca tamgic.
Gii:
2 1 1 2
1
1
2
3
0
A
B
C
M
D
H
Gi ng phn gic AD : x +y 3 =0, ng trung tuyn BM : x y +1 =0
v ng cao CH : 2x +y +1 =0
M A AD A(a; 3a); B BM B(b; b +1);C CH C(c; 2c 1)
C M l trung im ca AC nn M
_
a +c
2
;
2a 2c
2
_
.
M M BM nn thay vo phng trnh BM, ta c:
a +c
2

2a 2c
2
+1 =0 2a +3c =0 (1)
Ta c
AB =(b a; a +b 2). DO ABCH
AB.

u
CH
=0 3a +b =4 (2)
Trong

u
CH
=(1; 2) l mt vect ch phng ca ng cao CH.
Gi I =BMAD Nhn thy ADBM = I , nn I l trung im ca BM.
Do I =
_
a +2b +c
4
;
a +2b 2c +4
4
_
m I AD 4b c =8 (3)
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
T (1), (2) v (3) ta c a =
12
17
, b =
32
17
, c =
8
17
Kt lun: A
_
12
17
;
39
17
_
, B
_
32
17
;
48
17
_
,C
_
8
17
,
1
17
_

Bi 61. Trong mt phng Oxy cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD c din tch bng 4. Bit A(1; 0), B(0; 2)
v giao im I ca hai ng cho nm trn ng thng y =x. Tm ta nh C v D.
Gii:
2 2
2
2
0
A
B
C
D
V I thuc ng thng y =x nn I =(a; a)
Suy ra C(2a 1; 2a), D(2a; 2a 2)
C AB =
1
2
+2
2
=
5
Phng trnh ng thng AB : 2(x 1) +y =0 hay 2x +y 2 =0
Theo bi ra th din tch hnh binh hnh ABCD bng 4.
Nn S
ABC
=2
1
2
.AB.d(C, AB) =2 |3a 2| =2
_
_
a =0
a =
4
3
+ Vi a =0 th C =(1; 0), D =(0; 2)
+ Vi a =
4
3
th C
_
5
3
;
8
3
_
, D
_
8
3
;
2
3
_
Kt lun: C =(1; 0), D =(0; 2) hoc C
_
5
3
;
8
3
_
, D
_
8
3
;
2
3
_

Bi 62. Trong mt phng Oxy cho cc im A(0; 1), B(2; 1) v hai ng thng d
1
: (m1)x +
(m2)y +2m=0, d
2
: (2m)x +(m1)y +3m5 =0. Chng minh d
1
v d
2
lun ct nhau, Gi P
l giao im ca d
1
v d
2
, Tm m sao cho PA+PB ln nht.
Gii:
1 1 2 3
1
1
2
0
A
B P
I
P
54 boxmath.vn
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a
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h
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Ta c
n
1
=(m1; m2) l mt vect php tuyn ca d
1
n
2
=(2m; m1) l mt vect php tuyn ca d
2
d thy
n
1
.
n
2
=0 vi mi m hay d
1
d
2
nn hin nhin d
1
ct d
2
vi mi m
Kt hp vi A d
1
; B d
2
P thuc ng trn ng knh AB (x 1)
2
+y
2
=2(C).
Ta c PA+PB
_
2(PA
2
+PB
2
) =
2AB
2
=4
ng thc xy ra khi PA =PB
Hay tam gic ABC vung cn ti P , tc P l im chnh gia ca cung ABC
Gi (d) l ng thng i qua tm I (1; 0) ca ng trn (C) v vung gc vi AB.
Ta c : d : x y 1 =0
V P =d (C) Khi ta ca P l nghim ca h phng trnh
_
_
_
(x 1)
2
+y
2
=2
x y 1 =0
_
x =2; y =1
x =0, y =1
T d dng tnh c P(2; 1) hoc P(0; 1)
+ Vi P(0; 1) thay vo (d
1
) ta thu c m=2
+ Vi P(2; 1) thay vo d
1
ta c m=1
Kt lun: Vy vi m=1 hoc m=2 th PA+PB ln nht.
Bi 63. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC vung cn ti A. Bit rng cnh huyn nm
trn ng thng d : x +7y 31 = 0. im N(1;
5
2
) thuc ng thng AC, im M(2; 3) thuc
ng thng AB. Xc nh ta cc nh ca tam gic ABC.
Gii:
4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4
3
2
1
1
2
3
4
5
0
N
M
A
B
C
Gi
n
AC
=(a; b), a
2
+b
2
=0 l vect php tuyn ca ng thng AC.
Nn vect php tuyn ca ng thng AB l
n
AB
=(b; a)
Phng trnh cnh AB i qua M(2; 3) l:bx ay 3a 2b =0
V tam gic ABC cn ti A nn
| cos(

n
AC
,

n
BC
)| =| cos(

n
AB
,

n
BC
)| |a +7b| =|b 7a|()
+ Nu a =0 thay vo (*) suy ra b =0 (trng hp ny loi v a
2
+b
2
=0)
+ Nu a =0 chn a =3 thay vo (*) ta c b =4 hay b =
9
4
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
- Vi a=3 v b=4 ta c phng trnh AC : 3x 4y +7 =0 v AB : 4x +3y +1 =0
Nn ta im A(1; 1), B(4; 5),C(3; 4)
- Vi a =3v b =
9
4
ta thu c phng trnh AC : 3x +
9
4
y
69
8
=0, AB :
9
4
x 3y
27
2
=0
Nn ta A(4;
3
2
), B(10; 3),C
_
1
2
;
9
2
_
Kt lun: Vy A(1; 1), B(4; 5),C(3; 4) hoc A
_
4;
3
2
_
, B(10; 3),C
_
1
2
;
9
2
_

Bi 64. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC bit B(4; 1),C(3; 2), din tich tam gic ABC
bng
51
2
v trng tmG thuc ng thng d : x y +2 =0. Hy tm ta nh A.
Gii:
4 2 2
2
2
4
6
0
C
B
A
G
Ta c BC =5
2. Phng trnh BC : x +7y +11 =0. M G thuc d nn G(a; a +2)

Theo bi ra
S =
1
2
.BC.d(A, BC) d(A, BC) =
51
5
2
d(G, BC) =
51
15
|a +7(a +2) +11|
7
2
+1
2
=
51
15
2
|8a +25| =17
_
8a +25 =17
8a +25 =17

_
_
a =1
a =
21
4
Vi a =1 th G(1; 1) nn ta im A(2; 6)
Vi a =
21
4
th G
_
21
4
;
13
4
_
A
_
59
4
;
27
4
_
Kt lun: Vy A(2; 6) hoc A
_
59
4
;
27
4
_

Bi 65. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC c S =
3
2
, hai nh l A(2; 3), B(3; 2) v trng
tmG ca tam gic thuc ng thng 3x y 8 =0. Tm ta inh C
Gii:
Gi C(x
0
; y
0
) l im cn tm.
G l trng tm tam gic ABC nn G
_
5+x
0
3
;
5+y
0
3
_
M G thuc ng thng : 3x y 8 =0 nn
3.
5+x
0
3

5+y
0
3
8 =0 3x
0
y
0
4 =0 (1)
56 boxmath.vn
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Phng trnh cnh AB:x y 5 =0
Din tch tam gic ABC l :
S =
1
2
.AB.d(C, AB) d(C, AB) =
2S
AB
|x
0
y
0
5| =3
_
x
0
y
0
8 =0 (2)
x
0
y
0
2 =0 (3)
T (1) v (2) C(2; 10)
T (1) v (3) C(1; 1)
Kt lun: Vy C(2; 10) hoc C(1; 1)
1 2 3
3
2
1
0
A
B
C
G
Bi 66. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tamgic ABC c dintchbng
3
2
v cc nh A(3; 5), B(4; 4).
Bit rng trng tmG ca tam gic ABC thuc ng thng 3x y 3 =0 . Tm ta nh C.
bi ny tng t bi trn cc bn t rn luyn nh. s: C(13; 18) hoc C(16; 27)
Bi 67. Trong mt phng Oxy cho im A(1; 1) trn mt phng ta . hy tm im B trn
ng thng y =3 v imC trn trc honh sao cho tam gic ABC l tam giac u.
Gii:
1 2 3 4 5
1
2
3
4
0
A
B
C
Gi B(b; 3) l im nm trn ng thng y =3 v C(c; 0) Ox l nhng im cn tm.
Tam gic ABC u nn
_
_
_
AB =BC
BC = AC
_
_
_
_
(b 1)
2
+4 =
_
(c b)
2
+9
_
(c b)
2
+9 =
_
(c 1)
2
+1
_
_
_
(b 1)
2
=(c b)
2
+5
(c b)
2
=(c 1)
2
8
_
_
_
(b 1)
2
=(c b)
2
+5(1)
2(b 1)c =b
2
+7(2)
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
T (2) ta thy b =1 .
Do (2) c =
b
2
+7
2(b 1)
c b =
8(b 1)
2
2(b 1)
Thay c b =
8(b 1)
2
2(b 1)
vo (1) ta c
(b 1)
2
=
_
8(b 1)
2
2(b 1)
_
2
+5
3(b 1)
4
4(b 1)
2
64 =0
(b 1)
2
=
16
3

_
_
_
_
b =
3+4
3
3
b =
34
3
3
-Vi b =
3+4
3
3
C =
5
3+3
3
-Vi b =
34
3
3
C =
5
33
3
Kt lun: Vy B
_
3+4
3
3
; 3
_
,C =
_
5
33
3
; 0
_
hoc B
_
34
3
3
; 3
_
,C =
_
35
3
3
; 0
_

Bi 68. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho hnh vung c nh A(0; 5) v mt ng cho nm trn
ng thng c phng trnh y 2x =0. Tm ta hnh vung
Gii:
1 1 2 3
1
2
3
4
5
6
0
A
I
Gi I l tm ca hnh vung ABCD cho th I l giao im ca hai ng cho AC v BD.
D thy phng trnh ng cho BD : y 2x =0
Ta c ACBD ti I
Nn phng trnh ng cho AC c dng : x +2y +c =0
M AC i qua im A(0; 5) do phng trnh AC : x +2y 10 =0
Ta tm hnh vung l nghim ca h
_
_
_
x +2y 10 =0
y 2x =0
I (2; 4)
Kt lun: Vy I (2; 4)
58 boxmath.vn
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Bi 69. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC vi A(1; 3), ng cao BH nm trn ng
thng y = x, phn gic trong ca gc C nm trn ng thng x +3y +2 = 0. Vit phng trnh
cnh BC.
Gii:
2 2 4
2
2
4
0
A
B
C
H
F I
Ta c ACBH nn phng trnh AC c dng : x+y+c=0(1)
AC i qua A(1; 3) nn thay vo (1) ta c: c =2
Do phng trnh cnh AC l : x +y 2 =0
Ta ca C l nghim ca h phng trnh
_
_
_
x +y 2 =0
x +3y +2 =0
C(4; 2)
Dng AI vung gc vi ng phn gic CF : x +3y +2 =0 ti im I
Suy ra, phng trnh AI c dng: 3x y +d =0
M A AI nn : 3.(1) 3+d =0 d =6
Do vy phng trnh ca AI : 3x y +6 =0
Ta ca I l nghim ca h
_
_
_
3x y +6 =0
x +3y +2 =0
I (2; 0)
Gi A
l im i xng vi A qua phn gic CF , suy ra I l trung im ca AA
Ta c:
_
_
_
x
A
=2x
I
x
A
=3
y
A
=2y
I
y
A
=3
A
(3; 3)
m A
BC
Do phng trinh canh BC l : x 7y 18 =0
Kt lun:Vy phng trinh canh BC l : x 7y 18 =0
Bi 70. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC cn A. im M(1; 1) l trung im ca BC,
trng tmG
_
2
3
; 0
_
. Tm ta cc nh B,C.
Gii:
Ta c
MA =3
MG
_
_
_
x
A
x
M
=3(x
G
x
M
)
y
A
y
M
=3(y
G
y
M
)
_
_
_
x
A
=0
y
A
=2
A(0; 2)
V tam gic ABC vung cn A nn BC nhn
AM =(1; 3) lm mt vect php tuyn.

Vy phng trnh BC l: x 3y 4 =0
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
Mt khc MB =MA =MC =
10
Nn A, B,C thuc ng trn tm M bn kinh R =
10 c phng trnh (x 1)
2
+(y +1)
2
=10
Do ta cc im B,C l nghim ca h :
_
_
_
x 3y 4 =0
(x 1)
2
+(y +1)
2
=10
_
_
_
x =3y +4
(3y +3)
2
+(y +1)
2
=10
_
y =0 x =4
y =2 x =2
Kt lun: Vy B(4; 0),C(2; 2)
2 2 4
2
2
0
M
G
C
B
A
Bi 71. Trong mt phng Oxy hy vit phng trnh cc cnh ca tam gic ABC bit trc tm
H(1; 0) , chn ng cao h t nh B l K(0; 2) , trung im cnh AB l M(3; 1) .
Gii:
2 1 1 2 3 4
2
1
1
2
3
4
0
H
k
M
A
B
C
ng thng AC vung gc vi HK nn nhn

HK = (1; 2) lm mt vect php tuyn v AC i
qua K nn phng trnh ng thng AC : x 2y +4 =0
Ta cng phng trnh ng thng BK i qua K v nhn
HK =(1; 2) lm vect ch phng nn

BK : 2x +y 2 =0
Do A AC A(2a 4; a)
B BK B(b; 22b)
Mt khc M(3; 1) l trung im ca AB, nn
_
_
x
M
=
x
A
+x
B
2
y
M
=
y
A
+y
B
2
_
2a 4+b =6
a +22b =2

_
2a +b =10
a 2b =0

_
a =4
b =2
.
60 boxmath.vn
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Do A(4; 4), B(2; 2)
T ta c
AB =(2; 6) nn phng trnh canh AB : 3x y 8 =0

ng thng BC qua B vung gc vi AH nn nhn
HA =(3; 4) l php vect suy ra phng trinh

: BC : 3x +4y +2 =0
Kt lun: AB : 3x y 8 =0, BC : 3x +4y +2 =0, AC : x 2y +4 =0
Bi 72. Trong mt phng Oxy cho hnh ch nht ABCD c phng trnh ng thng AB :
x 2y +1 =0, phng trnh ng thng BD : x 7y +14 =0, ng thng AC i qua M(2; 1). Tm
to cc nh ca hnh ch nht.
Gii:
M
A
B
D
C
I
Ta ca B l nghim ca h :
_
x 2y +1 =0
x 7y +14 =0

_
_
x =
21
5
y =
13
5
B
_
21
5
;
13
5
_
Mt khc, ABCD l hnh ch nht nn gc gia AC v AB bng gc gia AB v BD.
Gi

n
AB
(1; 2);

n
BD
(1; 7);

n
AC
(a; b) vi a
2
+b
2
> 0 ln lt l vect php tuyn ca cc ng
thng AB, BD, AC.
Khi :
cos
_
n
AB
,
n
BD
_
cos
_
n
AC
,
n
AB
_
|a 2b| =
3
a
2
+b
2
7a
2
+8ab +b
2
=0
_
_
a =b
a =
b
7
+ Vi a = b cho a = 1 th b = 1 khi phng trnh cnh AC : x y 1 = 0 m A = AB AC
nn ta im A l nghim ca h:
_
x y 1 =0
x 2y +1 =0

_
x =3
y =2
A(3; 2)
Gi I l giao im hai ng cho nn ta ca I l nghim h:
_
x y 1 =0
x 7y +14 =0

_
x =
7
2
y =
5
2
I
_
7
2
;
5
2
_
m I l trung im ca AC v BD nn C(4; 3), D
_
14
5
;
12
5
_
+ Vi b =7a cho a =1 b =7 khi phng trnh cnh AC : x 7y +5 =0, d thy ACBD nn
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
trng hp ny loi.
Kt lun: Vy A(3; 2), B
_
21
5
;
13
5
_
,C(4; 3), D
_
14
5
;
12
5
_

Bi 73. Trong mt phng Oxy cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD c din tch bng 4, cc nh
A(2; 2), B(2; 1). Tm ta nh C v D bit rng giao im ca AC v BD thuc ng thng
x 3y +2 =0
Gii:
2 2 4 6 8 10
2
0
A
B
C
D
E
F
C AB =
17 gi I = AC BD ,
Ta c S
I AB
=
1
4
.S
ABCD
=1
1
2
AB.d(I ; AB) =1 d(I ; AB) =
2
17
Phng trnh ng thng AB : x 4y +6 =0
M I thuc ng thng: x 3y +2 =0 I (3t 2; t )
T :
d(I ; AB) =
2
17
|3t 24t +6|
17
=
2
17
|4t | =2
_
t =2 I (4; 2) C(6; 2), D(10; 3)
t =6 I (16; 6) C(30; 10), D(34; 11)
Kt lun: C(6; 2), D(10; 3) hoc C(30; 10), D(34; 11)
Bi 74. Trong mt phng Oxy cho A(10; 5), B(15; 5), D(20; 0) l cc nh ca hnh thang cn
ABCD trong AB song song vi CD. Tm ta imC.
Gii:
20 10 10
30
20
10
0
A
B
C
D
E
F
Ta c CDAB suy ra, ng thng CD qua D(20; 0) v nhn
AB =(5; 10) .
Phng trnh ca CD l : 2x +y +40 =0
62 boxmath.vn
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Gi I , J ln lt l trung im ca AB v CD. Ta c I
_
25
2
; 0
_
v I JCD
Phng trnh ng thng I J : 2x 4y 25 =0
M J = I J CD nn ta ca J l nghim ca h
_
_
_
2x +y +40 =0
2x 4y 25 =0
_
_
_
x =
27
2
y =13
J
_
27
2
; 13
_
Theo tnh cht hnh thang cn th J l trung im ca CD nn theo cng thc trung im
_
_
_
x
C
+y
D
=2x
J
y
C
+y
D
=2y
J
_
_
_
x
C
=7
y
C
=26
Kt lun: Vy imC(7; 26) l im cn tm
Bi 75. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC c M(2; 2) l trung im ca cnh BC. Cnh
AB c phng trnh l x 2y 2 = 0, cnh AC c phng trnh l :2x +5y +3 = 0 . Hy xc nh
ta cc nh ca tam gic d.
Gii:
10 8 6 4 2 2 4
2
0
M
B
C
A
Ta ca A l nghim ca h :
_
_
_
x 2y 2 =0
2x +5y +3 =0
A
_
4
9
;
7
9
_
V B AB B(2b +2; b),C AC C
_
c;
2c 3
5
_
M M l trung im ca BC nn theo cng thc trung im ta c
_
_
_
2b +2+c =4
b +
2c 3
5
=4
_
b =
11
9
c =
76
9
suy ra B
_
40
9
;
11
9
_
,C
_
76
9
;
25
9
_
Kt lun: VyA
_
4
9
;
7
9
_
, B
_
40
9
;
11
9
_
,C
_
76
9
;
25
9
_

Bi 76. Trong mt phng Oxy cho nh A(1; 3) bit hai ng cao BH : 5x +3y 25 = 0,CK :
3x +8y 12 =0 Hy xc nh ta cc nh B v C.
Gii:
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
2 2 4
4
2
2
4
6
0
A
B
C
Ta c ABCK
Phng trnh cnh AB c dng: 8x 3y +c =0
V AB i qua A(1; 3) nn 8+9+c =0 c =1
Do phng trnh AB : 8x 3y 1 =0
Ta ca B l nghim ca h phng trnh:
_
_
_
8x 3y 1 =0
5x +3y 25 =0
B(2; 5)
Ta c ACBH nn phng trnh ca AC : 3x 5y +m=0
M AC i qua A(1; 3) m=12
do phng trnh AC : 3x 5y 12 =0 C(4; 0)
Kt lun: B(2; 5),C(4; 0)
Bi 77. Trong mt phng Oxy cho hai ng thng d
1
: x +2y 3 =0, d
2
: 3x +y 4 =0 ct nhau
ti M(1, 1). Lp phng trnh ng thng d
3
i qua im : A(2, 1) ct d
1
, d
2
ti cc im P,Q
sao cho : MP =
2MQ.
Gii:
Trc tin ta xt im T(3; 0) d
1
vi T =M.
Xt im N(x
1
; 43x
1
) d
2
vi N =M.
Trong T, N phi tha iu kin MT =
2MN.
T iu kin ny ta c c
MT
2
=2MN
2
5 =2(10x
2
1
20x
1
+10)
_
_
_
x
1
=
1
2
y
1
=
5
2
x
1
=
3
2
y
1
=
7
2
Mt khc ta c
_
_
_
MT =
2MN
MP =
2MQ
MT
MP
=
MN
MQ
TN PQ (L Talet.)
Do d
3
i qua A v song song vi TN.
Vy ta tm c 2 ng thng (d
3
) l x +y +3 =0 hoc 7x +3y 11 =0
64 boxmath.vn
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M
A
P
Q
Bi 78. Trong mt phng Oxy cho hai ng thng
1
: 2x 3y +4 =0,
2
: 3x +2y +5 =0 v im
M(1; 1). Lp phng trnh ng thng i qua M v cng vi cc ng thng
1
,
2
to thnh
mt tam gic cn.
Nhn xt: xt mt tam gic cn th ta phi ln lt xt 3 trng hp cn ti 3 nh. Nhng
nu nh th th bi ton s c th di v mt thi gian. V th ta hy c k bi xem c g c
bit.
Gii:
Ta nhn thy
1
2
, do nu gi ng thng cn lp phng trnh l , A l giao im ca
ng thng
1
v
2
, B,C ln lt l giao im ca ng thng vi
1
,
2
th tam gic ABC
vung cn ti A. Ni cch khc, ng thng l ng thng qua M(1; 1) v to vi
1
mt gc
4
.
: y =
2
3
x +
4
3
.
Gii s k l h s gc ca . Khi
k
2
3
1+
2
3
k
=tan
3k 2
3+2k
=1
_
_
k
1
=5
k
2
=
1
5
Vy c hai ng thng qua cn tm l: : y =5x 4;
: y =
1
5
x +
6
5
.
M
Bi 79. Trong mt phng Oxy cho 3 im A(3; 4) , B(1; 2) ,C(5; 0) .vit phng trnh ng thng
d i qua A(3; 4) sao cho : d =2d(B; d) +d(C; d) t gi tr ln nht.
Gii:
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
A
B
C
d
Gi phng trnh ng thng qua A cn tm l : a(x 3) +b(y 4) =0 (a
2
+b
2
=0) ()
Ta c: d(B; ) =
| 2a 2b|
a
2
+b
2
, d(C; ) =
|2a 4b|
a
2
+b
2
Do : A =2d(B; ) + d(C; ) =
| 4a 4b|
a
2
+b
2
+
|2a 4b|
a
2
+b
2
=
| 4a 4b| +|2a 4b|
a
2
+b
2
Xt T H
1
: B v C cng pha vi () (4a 4b)(2a 4b) 0()
Ta c:A =
| 2a 8b|
a
2
+b
2
2
17 (1)
Du = xy ra
a
2
=
b
8

a
1
=
b
4
. Chn (a =1; b =4) tha mn ()
Vy phng trnh ng thng: x +4y 19 =0.
Xt T H
2
: B v C khc pha vi () (4a 4b)(2a 4b) 0 ():
Ta c: A =
| 6a|
a
2
+b
2
= d
(I ;)
( vi I (2 : 4))
Ta thy rng ng thng () qua A v chy t C n B ( do B v C khc pha vi () ) do
d(I ; ) max () qua A v vung gc vi Ox . Khi () : x =3. v A =1 (2)
T (1) v (2) ta c A
max
= 2
17.
Kt lun: Phng trnh ng thng: x +4y 19 =0.
P/s: Cn nh |a| +|b| =|a +b| ab 0
Bi 80. Trong mt phng Oxy cho im I (2; 4) v 2 ng thng d
1
: 2xy 2 =0, d
2
: 2x+y 2 =0.
Vit phng trnh ng trn tm I , ct d
1
ti 2 im A, B v ct ng thng d
2
ti 2 imC, D
tho mn AB +CD =
16
5
Gii:
I H =d (I , d
1
) =
2
5
; I K =d(I , d
2
) =
6
5
; I D = I A =R;
KD+AH =
8
_
R
2
4
5
+
_
R
2
36
5
=
8
_
5R
2
4+
_
5R
2
36 =8 5R
2
=40 R =2
2
(C) : (x 2)
2
+
_
y 4
_
2
=8
Kt lun: Phng trnh ng trn (C):(x 2)
2
+
_
y 4
_
2
=8
66 boxmath.vn
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I
d
1
d
2
A
B
C
D
Bi 81. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC c A(8; 4), B(7; 1),C(4; 6). Gi (C) l ng
trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC. Xc nh M thuc ng trn (C) sao cho
NA
NB min
Gii:
*Nhn xt:
V ta A, B,C xc nh nn AB,

ACB l cc hng s bit.
(+) Trc ht ta xt N khc A, B. Ta c
NA
NB =NA.NB. cos
ANB (1)
M S
NAB
=
1
2
NA.NB. sin
NAB =
1
2
NA.NB. sin

ACB NA.NB =
2S
NAB
sin

ACB
(2)
Dy cung AB chia ng trn thnh 2 cung. Ta tnh c cos
ACB <0 nn

ACB l gc t. Khi :
+ Nu N thuc cung cha imC th cos
ANB =cos

ACB <0 (3)
+ Nu N khng thuc cung cha imC th cos
ANB =cos

ACB >0 (4)
T (1), (2), (3), (4) ta c,
NA
NB min th
_
_
_
cos
ANB =cos

ACB <0
NA.NB max
Hay im N thuc cung AB cha imC sao cho S
NAB
max. Mt khc S
NAB
=
1
2
.d(N, AB).AB
Nn ta s tm im N thuc cung AB cha imC sao cho d(N, AB) max.
Tm li im N nm chnh gia cung AB cha imC. T tm c N
_
2+
_
17
2
; 33
_
17
2
_
.
(+) Trng hp N trng A hoc B th
NA
NB >0 nn b loi.
Kt lun: N
_
2+
_
17
2
; 33
_
17
2
_

b
o
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m
a
t
h
.
v
n
2 ng trn - ng elip
Bi 1. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho hai ng trn (C) : x
2
+y
2
18x 6y +65 =0 v
_
C
_
: x
2
+y
2
=9
T im M thuc ng trn (C) k hai tip tuyn vi ng trn (C
), gi A, B l cc tip im.
Tm ta im M, bit di on AB bng 4, 8.
Gii:
M
M
A
B
O
H
A
ng trn (C
) c tmO(0; 0), bn knh R =OA =3. Gi H = AB

_
OM,
do H l trung im ca AB nn AH =
12
5
. Suy ra: OH =
OA
2
AH
2
=
9
5
v OM =
OA
2
OH
=5
t M
_
x; y
_
, ta c:
_
M (C)
OM =5
_
x
2
+y
2
18x 6y +65 =0
x
2
+y
2
=25
_
3x +y 15 =0
x
2
+y
2
=25
_
x
2
9x +20 =0
y =153x
_
x =4
y =3
hoc
_
x =5
y =0
Vy, trn (C) c hai im M tha bi l: M(4; 3) hoc M(5; 0).
Bi 2. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho im M(6; 2) v ng trn (C) : (x 1)
2
+
_
y 2
_
2
= 5. Lp
phng trnhng thng (d) i qua M v ct ng trn(C) ti hai im A, B sao cho AB =
10.
Gii:
M
B
A
I
A
H
H
68 boxmath.vn
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ng trn (C) c tm I (1; 2) v bn knh R =
5
Gi H l hnh chiu vung gc ca I trn AB, ta c:
I H
2
= I A
2
AH
2
=R
2
AB
2
4
=5
10
4
=
5
2
I H =
10
2
ng thng (d) i qua M v c VTPT

n =(a; b)
_
a
2
+b
2
=0
_
c dng:
a(x 6) +b
_
y 2
_
=0 ax +by 6a 2b =0
ng thng (d) tha bi khi:
d (I ; (d)) = I H
|a +2b 6a 2b|
a
2
+b
2
=
10
2
9a
2
=b
2
b =3a
Vi b =3a ta c (d) : x 3y =0
Vi b =3a ta c (d) : x +3y 12 =0
Vy, c hai ng thng tha bi l: (d) : x 3y =0 hoc (d) : x +3y 12 =0
Bi 3. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho ng trn (C) c phng trnh (x 1)
2
+
_
y 2
_
2
= 5 v im
M(6; 2). Lp phng trnh ng thng (d) i qua M v ct ng trn (C) ti hai im A, B sao
cho AB =
10
Gii:
M I
A
B
ng trn (C) c tm I (1; 2) v bn knh R =
5
Gi H l hnh chiu vung gc ca I trn AB, ta c:
I H
2
= I A
2
AH
2
=R
2
AB
2
4
=5
10
4
=
5
2
I H =
10
2
ng thng (d) i qua M v c VTPT

n =(a; b) c dng:
a(x 6) +b
_
y 2
_
=0 ax +by 6a 2b =0
ng thng (d) tha bi khi:
d (I ; (d)) = I H
|a +2b 6a 2b|
a
2
+b
2
=
10
2
9a
2
=b
2
b =3a
Vi b =3a ta c (d) : x 3y =0
Vi b =3a ta c (d) : x +3y 12 =0
Vy c 2 phng trnh (d) : x 3y =0 hoc (d) : x +3y 12 =0
Bi 4. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho ng trn (C) : x
2
+ y
2
+2x 4y = 0 v ng thng (d) :
x y +1 =0. Tm ta im M thuc ng thng (d) m qua c th k c hai tip tuyn
MA v MB vi (C) (A, B l hai tip im) sao cho

AMB =60
o
.
Gii:
(C) c tm I (1; 2) v bn knh R =
5 Theo gi thit:

AMB =60
o

AMI =
1
2
AMB =30
o
Tam gic AMI vung ti A nn: sin30
o
=
AI
I M
I M =2AI =2R =2
5
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
t M(t ; t +1) (d), ta c: I M
2
=20 (t +1)
2
+(t 1)
2
=20 t
2
=9 t =3
Vy c hai im cn tm l M(3; 2) v M
(3; 4)
I
M
M
Bi 5. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho ng thng : x y +5 = 0 v hai elip (E

1
) :
x
2
25
+
y
2
16
= 1,
(E
2
) :
x
2
a
2
+
y
2
b
2
=1(a >b >0) c cng tiu im. Bit rng (E
2
) i qua im M thuc ng thng .
Tm ta im Msao cho elip (E
2
) c di trc ln nh nht.
Gii:
e
1
F
1
F
2
N
M
e
2
Elip (E
1
) c tiu im l F
1
(3; 0) ; F
2
(3; 0) v F
1
, F
2
nm khc pha i vi
V M (E
2
) v F
1
, F
2
l tiu im ca (E
2
) nn MF
1
+MF
2
=2a.
Do : (E
2
) c di trc ln nh nhtMF
1
+MF
2
nh nht
Gi Nl im i xng ca F
1
qua . Ta c: MF
1
+MF
2
=NM+MF
2
NF
2
(khng i)
Du = xy ra khi v ch khi M =NF
2
_
. Tm c N(5; 2) v (NF
2
) : x +4y 3 =0
Ta M l nghim ca h:
_
x +4y =3
x y =5
_
x =
17
5
y =
8
5
70 boxmath.vn
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h
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Vy ta im M tha bi l M
_
17
5
;
8
5
_
.
Bi 6. Trong mt phng to Oxy, cho im K(3; 2) v ng trn (C) : x
2
+y
2
2x 4y +1 =0
vi tm l I . Tm ta im M (C) sao cho

I MK =60
o
.
Gii:
I
K
M
M
Ta c (C) : (x 1)
2
+(y 2)
2
=4. Suy ra tm I (1; 2) v bn knh R =2.
Nhn thy I K =2. Suy ra K (C). Do M (C) v

I MK =60
o
.
Suy ra I MK u. Do yu cu bi ton Tm M (C) sao cho KM =R =2.
Gi s M(x
0
, y
0
) (C) (x
0
1)
2
+(y
0
2)
2
=4 (1)
Ta c KM =2 (x
0
3)
2
+(y
0
2)
2
=4 (2)
T (1) v (2) suy ra M(2 ; 2+
3) hay M(2 ; 2
3)
Bi 7. Trong mt phng vi h trc Oxy, cho elip (E) :
x
2
4
+
y
2
3
=1 c hai tiu im F
1
, F
2
ln lt
nm bn tri v bn phi trc tung. Tm ta im M thuc (E) sao cho MF
2
1
+7MF
2
2
t gi
tr nh nht.
Gii:
M F
1
F
2
Gi s M(x
0
; y
0
) (E). Khi
x
2
0
4
+
y
2
0
3
=1 () v 2 x
0
2.
(E) c a =2, c =
43 =1. Suy ra e =
c
a
=
1
2
.
Ta c MF
2
1
+7MF
2
2
=(a +ex
0
)
2
+7(a ex
0
)
2
=8a
2
12aex
0
+8e
2
x
2
0
=2x
2
0
12x
0
+32.
Xt hm f (x
0
) =2x
2
0
12x
0
+32 trn [2; 2].
Ta c f

(x
0
) =4x
0
12 <0, x
0
[2; 2]. Suy ra min
x
0
[2; 2]
f (x
0
) = f (2).
Suy ra min
_
MF
2
1
+7MF
2
2
_
=16, t khi x
0
=2. Thay vo () ta c y
0
=0.
Vy M(2; 0).
Bi 8. Trong mt phng vi h trc Oxy, cho parabol (P) : y
2
= 4x. Lp phng trnh ng
thng d i qua tiu im ca (P), ct (P) ti A v B sao cho AB =4.
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
Gii:
(P) : y
2
=4x c p =2. Suy ra tiu im F(1 ; 0).
TH 1. dOx. Khi pt d : x =1. T h
_
x =1
y
2
=4x
_
A(1; 2)
B(1; 2)
AB =4. Vy x =1 tha mn.
TH 2. d Ox . Khi pt d : y =k(x 1).
Ta A, B l nghim ca
_
y =kx k
y
2
=4x
_
y =kx k
(kx k)
2
=4x
k
2
x
2
2(k
2
+2)x +k
2
=0 ()
Ta c d ct (P) ti hai im phn bit A, B
_
k =0
=4k
2
+4 >0
k =0.
Gi s A(x
1
; kx
1
k), B(x
2
; kx
2
k) vi x
1
, x
2
l nghim ca phng trnh ().
Ta c AB
2
=(1+k
2
)(x
2
x
1
)
2
=(1+k
2
)[(x
1
+x
2
)
2
4x
1
x
2
]
2
=(1+k
2
)
_
4(k
2
+2)
2
k
4
4
_
=
16(1+k
2
)
2
k
4
.
Suy ra AB =
4(1+k
2
)
k
2
=
4
k
2
+4 >4, khng tha mn.
Vy phng trnh d : x =1 hay x 1 =0.
Bi 9. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho ng trn (C) : x
2
+y
2
4x 2y = 0 v ng thng
: 5x 2y 19 =0. T mt im M nmtrn ng thng k hai tip tuyn MA, MB n ng
trn (C) (A v B l hai tip im). Vit phng trnh ng trn ngoi tip tam gic AMB bit
rng AB =
10.
Gii:
I
M
M
A
B
ng trn (C) c tm I (2; 1), bn knh R =
5. Gi H =MI AB. Ta c AH =
1
2
AB =
10
2
.
Trong tam gic vung MAI (ti A) vi ng cao AH ta c
1
AH
2
=
1
AI
2
+
1
AM
2

1
AM
2
=
4
10
1
5
AM =
5 MI =
10.
Ta c : 5x 2y 19 =0 :
x 5
2
=
y 3
5
M(5+2m; 3+5m)
Khi MI =
10 (3+2m)
2
+(2+5m)
2
=10 29m
2
+32m+3 =0 m=1 hoc m=
3
29
.
Ch rng, ng trn ngoi tip tam gic AMB l ng trn ng knh MI .
Vi m=1 ta c M(3; 2). Khi pt ng trn ngoi tip AMB l
_
x
5
2
_
2
+
_
y +
1
2
_
2
=
5
2
.
Vi m=
3
29
ta c M
_
139
29
;
72
29
_
. Khi pt t ngoi tip AMB l
_
x
197
58
_
2
+
_
y
101
58
_
2
=
5
2
.
72 boxmath.vn
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v
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Bi 10. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC cn ti A ni tip ng trn (C) :
x
2
+y
2
+2x 4y +1 = 0. Tm ta cc nh A, B,C bit im M(0; 1) l trung im cnh AB v
im A c honh dng.
Gii:
I
M
A
B
C
ng trn (C) c tm I (1; 2), bn knh I A =2.
Ta c
I M =(1; 1), I MAB suy ra phng trnh ng thng AB : xy +1 =0. A AB A(a; a+1).
Khi I A =2 (a +1)
2
+(a 1)
2
=4 a
2
=1 a =1 (do a >0). Suy ra A(1; 2);B(1; 0).
Ta c
I A =(2; 0), I ABC suy ra phng trnh BC : x +1 =0, phng trnh AI : y 2 =0.
Gi N l giao im ca AI v BC. Suy ra N(1; 2) v N l trung im BC. Suy ra C(1; 4).
Bi 11. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hypebol (H) :
x
2
1

y
2
3
= 1. Gi F
1
, F
2
l cc tiu im
ca (H)(F
1
c honh m). Tm ta im M thuc (H) sao cho

F
1
MF
2
= 60
o
v im M c
honh dng.
Gii:
(H) c a =1, b =
3, c =2. Ly M(x
M
; y
M
) (H), x
M
>0. Khi MF
1
=1+2x
M
, MF
2
=1+2x
M
. Xt
MF
1
F
2
ta c: F
1
F
2
2
=MF
2
1
+MF
2
2
2MF
1
.MF
2
. cos60
0
16 =(1+2x
M
)
2
+(1+2x
M
)
2
(1+2x
M
)(1+2x
M
) x
2
M
=
13
4
x
M
=
13
2
(do x
M
>0).
Suy ra y
2
M
=
27
4
y
M
=
3
3
2
.
Vy M
_
13
2
;
3
3
2
_
, M
_
13
2
;
3
3
2
_
.
Bi 12. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho elip (E) :
x
2
8
+
y
2
4
=1 c cc tiuimF
1
, F
2
(F
1
c honh
m). ng thng d i qua F
2
v song song vi ng phn gic ca gc phn t th nht
ct (E) ti A v B. Tnh din tch tam gic ABF
1
.
Gii:
(E) :
x
2
8
+
y
2
4
=1 c c =
84 =2 F
1
(2; 0), F
2
(2; 0).
Tgi thit d : y =x 2 hay x y 2 =0.
Th
_
_
y =x 2
x
2
8
+
y
2
4
=1
A(0; 2), B
_
8
3
;
2
3
_
.
Vy S
F
1
AB
=
1
2
AB.d(F
1
; AB) =
1
2
.
8
3
2.2
2 =
16
3
.
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
F
1
F
2
A
B
Bi 13. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho parabol (P) : y
2
= 2x v im K(2; 0). ng thng d
i qua K ct (P) ti hai im phn bit M, N. Chng minh rng tm ng trn ngoi tip tam
gic OMN nm trn ng thng d.
Gii:
TH1: dOx d : x =2. T
_
x =2
y
2
=2x
_
M(2; 2)
N(2; 2)
OM.
ON =0. (1)
TH2: d Ox d : y =kx 2k. Ta M, N l nghim ca
_
y =kx 2k
y
2
=2x
_
x =
y
2
2
y =k.
y
2
2
2k
ky
2
2y 4k =0. (2)
d ct (P) ti M, N phn bit th (2) phi c 2 nghim phn bit k =0.
Gi M
_
y
2
1
2
; y
1
_
, N
_
y
2
2
2
; y
2
_
trong y
1
, y
2
l nghim ca (2).
Ta c
OM.
ON =
_
y
1
y
2
2
_
2
+y
1
y
2
=(2)
2
+(4) =0.
2
+y
2
4x +2y 15 =0. Gi I l tm
ng trn (C). ng thng i qua M(1; 3) ct (C) ti hai im A v B. Vit phng trnh
ng thng bit tam gic I AB c din tch bng 8 v cnh AB l cnh ln nht.
Gii:
I
M
A
B
A
ng trn (C) c tm I (2; 1), bn knh R =2
5.
Gi H l trung im AB. t AH =x (0 <x <2
5). Khi ta c
1
2
I H.AB =8 x
20x
2
=8
_
x =4
x =2 (khng tha mn v AB < I A)
nn AH =4 I H =2. Pt ng thng qua M: a(x1)+b(y +3) =0 (a
2
+b
2
=0) ax+by +3ba =0.
74 boxmath.vn
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m
a
t
h
.
v
n
Ta c d(I , AB) = I H =2
|a +2b|
a
2
+b
2
=2 a(3a 4b) =0 a =0 hay a =
4
3
b.
* Vi a =0 ta c pt : y +3 =0.
* Vi a =
4
3
b. Chn b =3 ta c a =4. Suy ra pt : 4x +3y +5 =0.
Vy c hai ng thng tha mn l y +3 =0 v 4x +3y +5 =0.
Bi 15. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho ng thng d : 2x +y +3 =0 v elp (E) :
x
2
4
+
y
2
1
=1.
Vit phng trnh ng thng vung gc vi d v ct (E) ti hai im A, B sao cho din tch
tam gic OAB bng 1.
Gii:
O
A
B
A
d pt c dng x 2y +m=0. Ta A, B l nghim ca h

_
_
x 2y +m=0
x
2
4
+y
2
=1
_
x =2y m
8y
2
4my +m
2
4 =0 (1)
d ct (E) ti hai im A, B h c 2 nghim phn bit 324m
2
>0 2
2 <m<2
2. ()
Gi A(2y
1
m; y
1
), B(2y
2
m; y
2
) trong y
1
, y
2
l nghim ca (1) y
1
+y
2
=
m
2
, y
1
y
2
=
m
2
4
8
.
AB
2
=5(y
2
y
1
)
2
=5[(y
1
+y
2
)
2
4y
1
y
2
] =
5(8m
2
)
4
AB =
5.
8m
2
2
.
ng cao OH =d(O, ) =
|m|
5
S
OAB
=
1
2
OH.AB =
_
m
2
(8m
2
)
4
=1
m
2
=4 m=2 (tha mn ()).
Suy ra phng trnh : x 2y +2 =0 hoc x 2y 2 =0.
Bi 16. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho parabol (P) : y
2
= 4x c tiu im F. Gi M l im
tha mn iu kin
FM =3
FO; d l ng thng bt k i qua M, d ct (P) ti hai im phn

bit A v B. Chng minh rng tam gic OAB l tam gic vung.
Gii:
(P) : y
2
=4x c p =2 tiu im F(1; 0) M(4; 0).
Nu dOx pt d : x =4. T h
_
y
2
=4x
x =4
_
A(4; 4)
B(4; 4)
OA.
OB =1616 =0

AOB =90
o
.
Nu d Ox pt d : y =k(x 4). Ta A, B l nghim ca h
_
y =kx 4k
y
2
=4x
_
x =
y
2
4
ky
2
4y 16k =0 (1)
iu kin d ct (P) ti hai im phn bit l pt (1) c 2 nghim phn bit k =0.
Gi s A
_
y
2
1
4
; y
1
_
, B
_
y
2
2
4
; y
2
_
trong y
1
, y
2
l nghim ca (2) y
1
y
2
=16.
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
Ta c

OA.
OB =
_
y
1
y
2
4
_
2
+y
1
y
2
=(4)
2
16 =0

AOB =90
o
.
Suy ra OA vung gc vi OB hay tam gic OAB vung trong mi trng hp.
2
+ y
2
+2x 4y 20 = 0 v im
A(5; 6). T A v cc tip tuyn AB, AC vi ng trn (C) vi B,C l cc tip im. Vit phng
trnh ng trn ni tip tam gic ABC.
Gii:
I
A
B
C
(C) c tm I (1; 2), bn knh R =5, BC ct I A ti H. Ta c AI =10 I H =
I B
2
I A
=
5
2
.
Do
I H =
1
4
I A H
_
1
2
; 0
_
; cos
AI B =
1
2

AI B =60
o

ABC =60
o
nn ABC l tam gic u.
Suy ra tmng trn ni tip ca ABC trng vi trng tm. Gi G l trng tmtamgic ABC.
Ta c
AG =
2
3
AH G(2; 2). Bn knh ng trn ni tip l r =GH =

5
2
.
Suy ra phng trnh ng trn ni tip ABC l (x 2)
2
+(y +2)
2
=
25
4
.
2
+y
2
2x 4y 4 = 0. Tm im M thuc
ng thng y = 4 sao cho t M k c 2 tip tuyn MA, MB n ng trn (C) v AB i qua
im E(2; 3).
Gii:
d: y=4
I
E
M
A
B
Cch 1: ng trn (C) c tm I (1; 2), bn knh R =3.
Gi M(m; 4) thuc y =4. Gi s im H(x; y) l tip im ca tip tuyn k t M n ng trn.
76 boxmath.vn
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h
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Khi :
_
_
_
H (C)
MH.
I H =0
(1)
Vi :
MH =(x m; y 4);
I H =(1x; y 2)
Lc h phng trnh (1) tr thnh :
_
_
_
x
2
2x +y
2
4y 4 =0
(x m)(x 1) +(y 4)(y 2) =0
_
_
_
x
2
2x +y
2
4y 4 =0 (2)
x
2
+y
2
(m+1)x 6y +m8 =0 (3)
Ly (3) (2) v theo v ta c phng trnh :
(1m)x +2y +m4 =0
iu ny chng t ng thng i qua hai tip im A, B c phng trnh (AB) : (1m)x +2y +
m4 =0
Theo gi thit ta c E(2; 3) AB nn (1m)2+2.3+m4 =0 m=4.
Vy m=4 l gi tr cn tm.
Cch 2:(HD cch lm) Qua bi ny ta c vi A, B l 2 tip im ca 2 tip tuyn k t M(x
o
; y
o
)
ti ng trn (C) : (x a)
2
+(y b)
2
=R
2
th ta c phng trnh ng thng (AB) : (x
o
a)(x a)+
(y
o
b)(y b) =R
2
.
Chng minh:
ng trn (C) c:
+ Tm I (a; b).
+ Bn knh R.
Gi A(m; n) l 1 tip im ca tip tuyn k t M, do A (C) nn ta c:
(ma)
2
+(n b)
2
=R
2
I A =(ma; n a).
Phng trnh ng thng AM l:
AM : (ma)(x m) +(n b)(y n) =0
(ma)(x a) +(n b)(y b) =(ma)
2
+(n b)
2
=R
2
Do M MA nn ta c: (x
o
a)(ma) +(y
o
b)(n b) = R
2
Do A thuc ng thng : (x
o
a)(ma) +(y
o
b)(n b) = R
2
Tng t ta cng c B Vy phng trnh ng thng AB l:
(x
o
a)(ma) +(y
o
b)(n b) =R
2
.
Bi 19. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho tam gic ABC vung ti A vi B(3; 0),C(3; 0). Bit tm I ca
ng trn ni tip ABC thuc ng thng (d) : y = x. Vit phng trnh ng trn ni tip
tam gic ABC bit I c tung dng.
Gii:
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
2 2 4
4
2
2
4
0
d
B C
D
I
A
V ABC vung ti A v B(3; 0),C(3; 0) suy ra A nm trn ng trn c tm l gc ta , bn
knh R =3.
I l tm ng trn ni tip ABC nn AI l ng phn gic trong ca ABC. Gi D l giao
im th hai ca AI vi ng trn ngoi tip ABC. Khi , d dng chng minh c DBC
vung cn ti D v suy ra c D(0; 3).
Hn na, ta c
DBC =

DAB (cp gc nt cng chn 1 cung)
I BC =
I BA (v BI l phn gic)
_
DBI =
BI D
Do tam gic BI D cn ti D. Suy ra I D =BD =
3
2
+3
2
=3
2
Gi s I (a; a) (d).Ta c
_
(a +3)
2
+a
2
=3
2 a =
33
3
2
Suy ra I (
3+3
3
2
;
3+3
3
2
) (V a >0).
V bn knh ng trn ni tip ABC l r =d(I , BC) =
3+3
3
2
.
Kt lun: phng trnh ng trn ni tip ABC l
_
x
3+3
3
2
_
2
+
_
y
3+3
3
2
_
2
=
3618
3
4
.
Bi 20. Trong mt phng Oxy cho (E) :
x
2
5
+
y
2
4
=1 v ng thng : x +y +9 =0. Vit phng
trnh ng trn c tm thuc , tip xc vi (E) c bn knh nh nht.
Gii:
Cch 1:
Gi d l ng thng song song vi v tip xc vi El i p, v khong cch t d n El i p gn
nht.
Phng trnh ng thng d c dng: d : x +y +c =0
ng thng d tip xc vi El i p khi v ch khi h phng trnh sau c nghim duy nht:
_
_
x
2
5
+
y
2
4
=1
x +y +c =0
c =3
78 boxmath.vn
b
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m
a
t
h
.
v
n
Vi c =3 th khong cch d v l nh nht, vy d : x +y +3 =0.
Tip im ca d v El i p l: M(
5
3
;
4
3
)
Gi (C) l ng trn cn tm c tm I v bn knh R.
I I (a; a 9)
Ta c: R d(d; ) =
| 3+9|
2
=3
2
Du " =" xy ra khi v ch khi, I l giao im ca ng thng qua M vung gc vi d v ng
thng . Khi (C) tip xc vi (d) v (E) ti M.
T tm c tm I
_
14
3
;
13
3
_
v R =3
2
Kt lun: PT ng trn (C) :
_
x +
14
3
_
2
+
_
y +
13
3
_
2
=18
d
M
I
Cch 2:
Gi (C) l ng trn cn tm, c tm I v bn knh R.
I I (a; a 9)
Gi M(m; n) l tip im ca (C) v (E), suy ra:
m
2
5
+
n
2
4
=1
Theo BT Cauchy-Schwarz, ta c: (m+n)
2
_
m
2
5
+
n
2
4
_
(5+4) =9 m+n 3
M ta c: R
2
=(ma)
2
+(n +a +9)
2
(ma +n +a +9)
2
2
=
(m+n +9)
2
2
18
Du =
xy ra khi v ch khi:
_
_
ma =n +a +9
m
5
=
n
4
m
2
5
+
n
2
4
=1
m+n =3
_
m=
5
3
n =
4
3
a =
14
3
Khi ta c, I
_
14
3
;
13
3
_
, R =3
2, ta s chng minh (C) tip xc (E). Tht vy, lp phng trnh

honh ca C v E ta d dng chng minh iu ny.
Bi 21. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC c M
_
3
2
;
7
2
_
; N
_
1
2
;
5
2
_
ln lt l trung im ca
BC, AC v ng thng d :
_
_
_
x =1
y =2+
1
3
t
, t R l ng phn gic trong ca

BAC.
Lp phng trnh ng trn ngoi tip ABC.
Gii:
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
d
B C
A
D
M
N
P
Nhn xt: Cho gc xOy v l ng phn gic ca xOy. Khi vi mi im M Ox th im
i xng vi M s thuc Oy.
Nh vy ta c li gii nh sau:
ng thng d thc cht c phng trnh tng qut l x 1 =0.
Ta gi P l im i xng ca N qua ng thng d.
ng thng qua N vung gc vi d c phng trnh: y +
5
2
=0
Suy ra hnh chiu ca N trn ng thng d l H
_
1;
5
2
_
. V H l trung im ca NP nn ta tm
c P
_
3
2
;
5
2
_
Mt khc, ta c MN AB nn

u
AB
=
MN =(1; 1) vt n
AB
=(1; 1)v P AB. Suy ra AB : xy+1 =
0
A l giao im ca d v AB nn tm c A(1; 2)
N l trung im ca AC nn tm c C(0; 3)
M l trung im ca BC nn tm c B(3; 4)
Cui cng, ta s lp phng trnh ng trn i qua 3 im A, B,C.
Kt lun, ng trn ngoi tip ABC c phng trnh x
2
+y
2
3x 7y +12 =0.
Bi 22. Trong mt phng Oxy cho ng trn (C) : x
2
+y
2
4 =0 v ng thng (d) : x+y +4 =0.
Tm im A thuc (d) sao cho t A v c 2 tip tuyn tip xc (C) ti M, N tho mn din tch
tam gic AMN bng 3
3.
Gii:
4 2 2 4
4
2
2
0
A
M
N
80 boxmath.vn
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h
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v
n
im A d A(a; 4a) t

MAN =2, OA =x >0
Ta c: sin=
OM
OA
=
2
OA
, cos=
AM
OA
sin2=
4
x
2
4
x
2
Suy ra: S
AMN
=
1
2
_
x
2
4
_
4
x
2
4
x
2
=3
3 4
_
x
2
4
_
3
=27x
4
x
2
=16 x =4
T ta c: OA =4 a
2
+(4+a)
2
=4 a =4a =0
Vy to im A cn tm l: A(4; 0) A(0; 4)
Bi 23. Trong mt phng Oxy cho ng thng (d) : xy+1 =0 v ng trn: (C)x
2
+y
2
+2x4y =
0. Tm im M thuc ng thng (d) sao cho t M k c hai ng thng tip xc vi ng
trn ti A v B sao cho

AMB =60
o
.
Gii:
60
0
I
d M
B
A
c bi ton ta nhn thy mt iu rng, l MBC l tam gic u (V MA = MB v:

AMB =
60
o
).
Vit li phng trnh ng trn di dng: (x +1)
2
+(y 2)
2
=5
ng trn c tm I (1; 2) v bn knh: R =
5.
Ta lun c t gic I AMB ni tip ng trn v:

MAB =

MBA =90
o
, suy ra:

AMB +
AI B =180
o
AI B =120
o
Xt ABC, ta c: AB
2
= I A
2
+I B
2
2I A.I B. cos
AI B =3R
2
=15
Mt khc: MBC l tam gic u nn: MA = AB MA
2
= AB
2
=15.
p dng nh l Pytago cho MAI ta c: MI
2
=MA
2
+AI
2
=15+5 =20
Do M d nn ta M c dng: (x
0
; x
0
+1)
Khi ta c:
MI
2
=(x
0
+1)
2
+(x
0
1)
2
=20 x
2
0
=9 x
0
=3; x
0
=3
Vy c 2 im M tha mn iu kin bi ton: (3; 4); (3; 2)
Bi 24. Trong mt phng Oxy cho ng trn (T) : x
2
+y
2
2x 4y +4 = 0 v ng thng (d) :
x y 1 =0. T M thuc d k cc tip tuyn MA, MB n (T) trong A, B l cc tip im.
Chng minh ng thng qua A, B lun i qua im c nh.
Gii:
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
1 2 3
1
2
3
0
d
I
M
B
A
N
Phng trnh ng trn c vit li (T) : (x 1)
2
+(y 2)
2
=1
Gi ta cc im l: A(x
1
; y
1
); B(x
2
; y
2
); M(x
0
; y
0
).
Ta c:
Tip tuyn ti A, qua M ca ng trn c dng: (x
0
1)(x
1
1) +(y
0
2)(y
1
2) =1
Tip tuyn ti B, qua M ca ng trn c dng: (x
0
1)(x
2
1) +(y
0
2)(y
2
2) =1
D thy 2 im A; B u tha mn phng trnh ng thng sau: (x
0
1)(x 1)+(y
0
2)(y 2) =1
chnh l phng trnh ng thng AB.
M ta li c: M (d) nn: M =(x
0
; y
0
) =(x
0
; x
0
1). Thay ln phng trnh trn ta c:
(x
0
1)(x 1) +(x
0
3)(y 2) =1
Gi N(x; y) l im c nh m AB lun i qua vi mi x
0
.
Khi phng trnh: (x
0
1)(x 1) +(x
0
3)(y 2) =1 c nghim vi mi x
0
.
Hay l: x
0
(x +y 3) +6x 3y =0 c nghimx
0
R.
_
_
_
x +y 3 =0
6x 3y =0
x = y =
3
2
Vy im c nh cn tm l: N
_
3
2
;
3
2
_

Nhn xt: Trong li gii trn ta s dng mt b nh:
Cho ng trn (C) : (x a)
2
+(y b)
2
= R
2
. Vi mi im M(x
0
; y
0
) nm ngoi (C) k 2 tip tuyn
vi (C) ti hai tip im A, B th ng thng AB c phng trnh (x
0
a)(xa)+(y
0
b)(y b) =R
2
.
B trn lun ng. Tht vy, ta A, B phi tha mn h sau:
_
I A.
AM =0 (1)
I B.
BM =0 (2)
(x a)
2
+(y b)
2
=R
2
(3)
Ly (1) (3), (2) (3) ta s xy dng c phng trnh ng thng AB nh trn.
Bi 25. Trong mt phng Oxy cho hai ng trn (C) : (x 1)
2
+(y 2)
2
= 4 v (C
) : x
2
+y
2
= 9.
Vit phng trnh ng trn tm I tip xc vi c hai ng trn (C) v (C
) bit rng I thuc

ng thng d : x +y 2 =0.
82 boxmath.vn
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
Gii:
4 2 2 4
2
2
4
0
I
1
I
2
I
Bi ton ny trc tin ta cn phi lu tm n v tr ca hai ng trn bi ton cho. C th:
i vi ng trn (C) ta c tm I
1
(1; 2) v bn knh R
1
=2
i vi ng trn (C
) ta c tm I
2
(0; 0) v bn knh R
2
=3
T ta c I
1
I
2
=
5 nn ta suy ra c |R
1
R
2
| < I
1
I
2
<R
1
+R
2
. Do hai ng trn (C) v (C
)
ct nhau ti hai im phn bit.
Mt khc ng thng d li nm gia khong khng gian gia hai ng trn nn ng trn
cn lp nu c tip xc vi (C) v (C
) th c hai kh nng l tip xc ngoi vi (C) v (C
) hoc
tip xc trong vi (C) v tip xc trong vi (C
).
T ta c I d : x +y 2 =0 I (x, 2x) v gi R l bn knh ca ng trn cn tm.
Trng hp 1: V ng trn cn tm tip xc ngoi c (C) v (C
) nn ta c h phng trnh
_
_
_
R +R
1
= I I
1
(1)
R +R
2
= I I
2
(2)
Ly (1) (2) v theo v ta c phng trnh
R
1
R
2
= I I
1
I I
2
(3)
Trng hp 2: V ng trn cn tm tip xc trong vi (C) v cng tip xc trong vi (C
) nn
ta c h phng trnh
_
_
_
I I
1
=R
1
R (4)
I I
2
=R
2
R (5)
I I
1
I I
2
=R
1
R
2
(6)
Do (3) v (6) nn ta dn n gii phng trnh
_
(x 1)
2
+x
2
_
x
2
+(2x)
2
=1
_
2x
2
2x +1 =
_
2x
2
4x +41
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
Bnh phng hai v phng trnh ny v thu gn ta c phng trnh
_
2x
2
4x +4 =23x
_
_
_
23x 0
2x
2
4x +4 =(23x)
2
x =0
Vi x =0 th ta c I I
1
=1 nn t (1) ta c R =12 =1 (v l)
Vi x =0 th ta c I I
1
=1 nn t (4) ta c R =21 =1 (nhn)
Do phng trnh ng trn cn tm l : x
2
+(y 2)
2
=1
2
+y
2
+2x 4y 8 = 0 v ng thng d :
x 5y 2 = 0. Xc nh ta giao im A, B ca ng trn (C) v ng thng d ( cho bit
im A c honh dng). Tm ta im Cthuc ng trn (C) sao cho tam gic ABC
vung B.
Gii:
0 A
B
C
T ng trn (C) : x
2
+y
2
+2x 4y 8 =0 ta tm I (1; 2)
Ta giao im A, Bca ng thng d vi (C) l nghim ca h:
_
_
_
x
2
+y
2
+2x 4y 8 =0
x 5y 2 =0
_
_
_
(5y +2)
2
+y
2
+2(5y +2) 4y 8 =0
x =5y +2
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
x =2
y =0
_
_
_
x =3
y =1
V Ac honh dng nn A(2; 0) v B(3; 1)
M C (C) v tam gic ABC vung B nn C l im i xng vi A qua tmI .
Do C(4; 4)
Kt lun: A(2; 0), B(3; 1) v C(4; 4)
Bi 27. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC, c im A(2; 3), trng tm G(2; 0). Hai nh B
v C ln lt nm trn hai ng thng d
1
: x +y +5 =0 v d
2
: x +2y 7 =0.
Vit phng trnh ng trn c tmC v tip xc vi ng thng BG.
Gii:
84 boxmath.vn
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
2 4 6
4
2
2
4
0
A
G
B
C
Ta c B d
1
nn B(y
B
5; y
B
), C d
2
C(2y
C
+7; y
C
)
V G l trong tm tam gic ABC nn
_
_
x
A
+x
B
+x
C
3
=x
G
y
A
+y
B
+y
C
3
= y
G
_
y
B
+2y
C
+2 =0
y
B
+y
C
+3 =0

_
_
_
y
B
=4
y
C
=1
Do ta B(1; 4),C(5; 1)
Ta c
BG(3; 4) nn vect php tuyn ca BG l

n
BG
=(4; 3)
Suy ra phng trnh BG : 4x 3y 8 =0
Bn knh ca ng trn tm C tip xc vi BG : 4x 3y 8 =0 l
R =
|4.53.18|
_
4
2
+(3)
2
=
9
5
Kt lun: Phng trnh ng trn cn tm (x 5)
2
+(y 1)
2
=
81
25

Bi 28. Trong mt phng Oxy Cho hnh vung ABCDim A(4; 5) ng cho c phng trnh
7x y +8 =0. Tm ta cc nh ca hnh vung.
Gii:
4 2 2
2
4
6
8
0
A
B
C
D
Do Ta Akhng tha mnphng trnh ng cho cho nnphng trinh ng cho
BD : 7x y +8 =0
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
Mt khc BDAC nn phng trnh AC : x +7x +c =0
m A AC 4+7.5+c =0 c =31
Nn : AC : x +7y 31 =0
Gi I = AC BD , ta im I l nghim ca h
_
_
_
x +7y 31 =0
7x y +8 =0
_
x =
1
2
y =
9
2
I
_
1
2
;
9
2
_
M theo tnh cht hnh vung, ta c I l trung im ca AC nn:
_
_
_
x
A
+x
C
=2x
I
y
A
+y
C
=2y
I
_
_
_
x
C
=3
y
C
=4
C(3; 4)
C I B = I D =
1
2
AC =
1
2
49+1 =
5
2
Do B, D thuc ng trn tm I , Bn knh R =
5
2
c phng trnh l:
_
x +
1
2
_
2
+
_
y
9
2
_
2
=
25
2
Do ta B, C l nghim ca h
_
_
7x y +8 =0
_
x +
1
2
_
2
+
_
y
9
2
_
2
=
25
2
_
x +
1
2
_
2
+
_
7x +8
9
2
_
2
=
25
2

_
x =0 y =8
x =1 y =1
nn B(0; 8), D(1; 1)
Kt lun: A(4; 5),C(3; 4), B(0; 8), D(1; 1)
Bi 29. Cho ng trn:
_
x +
2
3
_
2
+
_
y
1
3
_
2
=
32
9
v A(0; 1); B
_
1
3
;
1
3
_
.
Tm M thuc (C) sao cho 2MA+MB min.
Gii:
Phng php gii: Tm im A
sao cho 2MA = MA
vi mi im M thuc (C), sau p dng

BT MA
+MB A
B tm M
Gi im M(x; y) thuc (C) : x
2
+y
2
+
4
3
x
2
3
y 3 =0 (1)
Tm im A:
Cch 1: Gi A
(a; b) sao cho 2MA =MA
, mi im M thuc (C)
_
x
2
+(1y)
2
=
_
(a x)
2
+(b y)
2
4(x
2
+y
2
2y +1) =x
2
+y
2
2ax 2by +a
2
+b
2
x
2
+y
2
+
2ax
3
+
(2b 8)y
3
+
4a
2
b
2
3
=0 (2)
Do M tho mn c 2 phng trnh (1) v (2) nn 2 phng trnh ny tng ng nhau
_
4
3
=
2a
3
2
3
=
2b 8
3
a =2; b =3 hay A
(2; 3)
Cch 2: M (C) x
2
+y
2
=
4
3
x +
2
3
y +3 ()
Ta c:
2MA =2
_
x
2
+(1y)
2
=
_
x
2
+y
2
+3x
2
+3y
2
8y +4 =
_
x
2
+y
2
4x 6y +13 (Th t () m)
86 boxmath.vn
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
MA
=
_
(x 2)
2
+(y 3)
2
A
(2; 3)
Do B nmtrong ng trn, A
nmngoi ng trn nn 2MA+MB =MA
+MB t GTNN
khi v ch khi M, A
, B thng hng v M nm gia A
, B
Bi 30. Trong mt phng to -cc vung gc cho elip
x
2
9
+
y
2
1
= 1 vi a > b > 0 A v B l 2
im ty thuc elip sao cho OA vung gc vi OB. Hy xc nh v tr A, B trn elip tam gic
OAB c din tch ln nht v nh nht. Tm gi tr ln nht v nh nht .
Gii:
* T H
1
: Xt A v B nm trn 2 ng thng x =0 v y =0.
D dng tnh c S
ABC
=
3
2
(1)
* T H
2
: Xt A v B ln lt nm trn 2 ng vung gc: v y =
1
k
x
Ta A tha mn:
_
_
_
x
2
9
+
y
2
1
=1
y =kx
Nn ta c:
x
A
2
9
+
x
A
2
k
2
1
=1 x
A
2
=
9
1+9k
2
Do y
A
2
=
9k
2
1+9k
2
. Nn OA
2
=x
A
2
+y
A
2
=
9k
2
+9
1+9k
2
OA =
3
k
2
+1
1+9k
2
.
Tng t: OB =
3
k
2
+1
9+k
2
. Nnta c: S
ABC
=
1
2
OA.OB=
1
2
.
3
k
2
+1
1+9k
2
.
3
k
2
+1
9+k
2
=
1
2
.
9(k
2
+1)
1+9k
2
.
9+k
2
.
-Tm Min: p dng bt ng thc cosi cho 2 s dng
1+9k
2
v
9+k
2
Ta c 2.
1+9k
2
.
9+k
2
10(k
2
+1) Do S
9
10
. So snh vi (1) th S
mi n
=
9
10
k
2
=1
-Tm max: p dng bt ng thc Bunhia ta c:
1+9k
2
.
9+k
2
3(k
2
+1)
Do : S
3
2
. A, B l giao im ca elip vi cc trc ta .(hon v cho nhau)
Bi 31. Trong mt phng Oxy cho elip (E) :
x
2
8
+
y
2
2
= 1.Vit phng trnh ng thng (d) ct
(E) ti hai im phn bit c to l cc s nguyn.
Gii:
A
D
C
B
M(x; y) c t nguyn thuc (E)
Suy ra y
2
2 y {2; 1; 0; 1; 2}
Thay y vo phng trnh (E) v ly nhng gi tr x nguyn ta c cc im thuc (E) c ta
nguyn l A(2; 1), B(2; 1),C(2; 1), D(2; 1)
Vic vit phng trnh (d) ch l vit phng trnh ng thng i qua 2 trong 4 im trn.
c gi t vit
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
Bi 32. Cho (E) : 4x
2
+9y
2
= 36 v M(1; 1). Lp phng trnh ng thng qua M v ct (E) ti
M
1
; M
2
sao cho MM
1
=MM
2
Gii:
M
M
1
M
2
Ta c: (E):
x
2
9
+
y
2
4
=1
D thy im M nm bn trong (E)
Do ng thng d qua M lun ct (E) ti 2 im phn bit M
1
, M
2
Do im M Ox nn ng thng x =1 i qua M v song song vi trc Oy ct (E) ti 2 im M
1
,
M
2
th MM
1
=MM
2
Gi k l h s gc ca ng thng d qua M. PT ng thng d c dng: y =kx +1k
Honh x
M
1
v x
M
2
l nghim ca PT:
4x
2
+9(kx +1k)
2
36 =0 (9k
2
+4)x
2
18k(k 1)x +9k
2
18k 27 =0
Ta c: x
M
1
+x
M
2
=2x
M
S =
b
a
=
18k(k 1)
9k
2
+4
=2 k =
4
9
Vy PT ng thng cn tm: 4x +9y 13 =0
Bi 33. Trong mt phng Oxy cho elip (E) :
x
2
25
+
y
2
4
= 1. M v N l 2 im trn (E) sao cho tam
gic OMN vung ti O ( O l gc ta ). Gi H l hnh chiu ca O trn MN. Tm qu tch H.
Gii:
O
H
M
N
M
_
x
0
; y
0
_
: OMON N
_
ky
0
; kx
0
_
M
_
x
0
; y
0
_
(E)
x
2
0
25
+
y
2
0
4
=1
N
_
ky
0
; kx
0
_
(E)
k
2
y
2
0
25
+
k
2
x
2
0
4
=1
y
2
0
25
+
x
2
0
4
=
1
k
2
x
2
0
+y
2
0
25
+
x
2
0
+y
2
0
4
=1+
1
k
2
x
2
0
+y
2
0
=
100
29
_
1+
1
k
2
_
88 boxmath.vn
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
1
OH
2
=
1
OM
2
+
1
ON
2
=
1
x
2
0
+y
2
0
+
1
k
2
y
2
0
+k
2
x
2
0
=
1
x
2
0
+y
2
0
_
1+
1
k
2
_
=
29
100
OH =
10
29
x
H
2
+y
H
2
=
100
29
Kt lun: Qu tch im H l ng trn tm O bn knh R =
10
29
Bi 34. Trong mt phng Oxy cho ng trn (C) : (x 4)

2
+y
2
= 4 v im I (8; 5). Tm im M
trn trc tung sao cho t M k c hai tip tuyn MA, MB n (C) (A, B l hai tip im) ng
thi ng thng AB i qua I
Gii:
I
M
A
B
Phng trnh AB l giao ca 2 ng trn (C) v ng trn ng knh KM vi K l tm ng
trn C. K(4; 0), M(0; a)
Phng trnh ng trn ng knh KM c dng:
(x 2)
2
+(y
a
2
)
2
=4+
a
2
4
x
2
+y
2
4x ay =0
Ta c h:
_
_
_
x
2
+y
2
8x +12 =0
x
2
+y
2
4x ay =0
Nn AB c PT l: 4x ay 12 =0 V AB i qua I (8; 5) nn M(0; 4)
Kt lun: M(0; 4)
Bi 35. Trong mt phng Oxy Cho hai ng trn (C
1
) : x
2
+y
2
=4 v (C
2
) : x
2
+y
2
=25. T im
M (C
2
) k hai tip tuyn MA, MB n (C
1
) (A, B l cc tip im). Chng minh rng ng
thng AB lun tip xc vi mt ng cong c nh.
Gii:
Ta c: OM =R
2
=5, OA =R
1
=2 OH =d
(O;AB)
=
OA
2
OM
=
4
5
Khi im M chuyn ng trn C
2
th imO lun cch ng thng AB mt on OH =
4
5
,
Nn ng thng AB lun tip xc vi ng trn (C): x
2
+y
2
=
16
25

b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
M
A
B
Bi 36. Trong mt phng Oxy Trong mt phng Oxy cho (C) : x
2
+ y
2
6x +2y 15 = 0 tm M
thuc d : 3x 22y 6 =0 sao cho t M k c n (C) 2 tip tuyn MA, MB vi A v B l cc tip
im. V ng thng AB i qua imC(0; 1)
Gii:
C
M
A
B
I H
Gi ta M l (x
M
; y
M
).(C) c tm I (3, 1). ng thng cha cnh AB i qua C(0; 1) v nhn
I M
lmvecto phptuyn. Nnta c phng trnhng thng AB l : () : (x
M
3)x+(y
M
+1)(y1) =0
Gi H l giao im ca I M v AB ta c :
I H =d(I ; ) =
|3(x
M
3) 2(y
M
+1)|
_
(x
M
3)
2
+(y
M
+1)
2
. I M =
_
(x
M
3)
2
+(y
M
+1)
2
Ta c I H.I M =OA
2
=R
2
=25. Nn |3(x
M
3) 2(y
M
+1) =25 (1)
Kt hp vi iu kin M thuc ng thng (d) nn ta c: 3x
M
22y
M
6 =0 (2)
T (1), (2) ta c h phng trnh:
_
|3(x
M
3) 2(y
M
+1)| =25
3x
M
22y
M
6 =0
Gii ra tm c M
_
13;
3
2
_
hoc M
_
16
3
; 1
_
. Th li ch c M
_
16
3
; 1
_
tha bi
Kt lun: M
_
16
3
; 1
_

Bi 37. Trong mt phng Oxy Trong mt phng Oxy, cho ng trn (C) c tm I i qua hai
im A(1; 0), B(0; 1) sao cho din tch tam gic I AB bng 9. Vit phng trnh ng trn (C)
Gii:
Gi E l trung im ca AB. Ta tnh c AB =
2 EB =
2
2
.
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AI B
=
1
2
AB.I E =EB.I E =9 I E =9
2. R = I B =
I E
2
+EB
2
=
5
26
2
.
tm tm I th ta c: E
_
1
2
;
1
2
_
(V E l trung im ca AB).
D dng vit c phng trnh ca I E i qua E v vung gc vi AB. l: I E : x y =0
Do ta gi I (a; a) I E. Khi I E =9
2 I
_
19
2
;
19
2
_
hay I
_
17
2
;
17
2
_
Kt lun: Vy c 2 pt ng trn cn tm!
Bi 38. Trong mt phng Oxy cho ABC c M
_
3
2
;
7
2
_
, N
_
1
2
;
5
2
_
ln lt l trung im ca BC,AC
v ng thng d :
_
_
_
x =1
y =2+
4
3
t
, t R l ng phn gic trong ca

BAC.
Lp phng trnh ng trn ngoi tip ABC.
Gii:
u tin ta c nhn xt sau: Cho gc xOy c ng thng l phn gic ca gc xOy. Khi vi
mi im M Ox th im i xng vi M qua s thuc Oy. Ta s ng dng nhn xt trn vo
bi ton.
Mt iu na l ng thng:
_
_
_
x =1
y =2+
4
3
t
ch l ci hnh thc thi, tht ra n chnh l ng
thng: x =1 thi.
Ta gi im P l im i xng vi N qua ng thng d khi th im P AB
Vic tm mt im i xng qua mt ng thng l cng vic kh n gin, v y ta tm
c: P
_
3
2
;
5
2
_
Ta c:
NM =(1; 1). ng thng AB qua B v song song vi ng thng MN nn ta d dng vit

c phng trnh ng thng AB : x y +1 =0
Ti y ta tm c ta cc im l: A(1; 2);C(0; 3); B(3; 4)
Vic vit phng trnh ng trn ngoi tip ta, gic th n gin ri.
Bi 39. Trong mt phng Oxy cho ng trn(C) : x
2
+y
2
+2x4y =0v ng thng (d) : y =x+1.
Tm im M thuc ng thng (d) sao cho t M k c hai ng thng tip xc vi ng
trn ti A v B, sao cho:

AMB =60
o
Gii:
Khi c xong bi ton ta n tng vi mt iu rt quan trng l: MBC l tam gic u (V
MA =MB v:

AMB =60
o
.) Khng ni qu rng y l mu cht ca bi ton.
Vit li phng trnh ng trn di dng:
(x +1)
2
+(y 2)
2
=5
ng trn c tm I (1; 2) v bn knh: R =
5.
Ta lun c t gic I AMB ni tip ng trn v:

MAB =
MBA =90
0
,
suy ra:

AMB +
AI B =180
0
AI B =120
0
Xt ABC, ta c:
AB
2
= I A
2
+I B
2
2I A.I B. cos
AI B =3R
2
=15
Mt khc: MBC l tam gic u nn: MA = AB MA
2
= AB
2
=15.
p dng nh l Pytago cho MAI ta c:
MI
2
=MA
2
+AI
2
=15+5 =20
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Do M d nn ta M c dng: (x
0
; x
0
+1)
Khi ta c:
MI
2
=(x
0
+1)
2
+(x
0
1)
2
=20 x
2
0
=9 x
0
=3; x
0
=3
Vy c 2 im M tha mn iu kin bi ton: (3; 4); (3; 2)
Kt lun: Vy c 2 im M tha mn iu kin bi ton: (3; 4); (3; 2)
Bi 40. Trong mt phng Oxy Cho ng trn (T):x
2
+y
2
2x 4y +4 = 0 v ng thng (d) :
xy 1 =0. T M thuc d k cc tip tuyn MA, MB n (T) trong A, B l cc tip im. Chng
minh ng thng qua A, B lun i qua im c nh
Gii:
Phng trnh ng trn: (x 1)
2
+(y 2)
2
=1
Gi ta cc im l: A(x
1
; y
1
); B(x
2
; y
2
); M(x
0
; y
0
).
Ta c: Tip tuyn ti A, qua M ca ng trn c dng:
(x
0
1)(x
1
1) +(y
0
2)(y
1
2) =1
Tip tuyn ti B, qua M ca ng trn c dng:
(x
0
1)(x
2
1) +(y
0
2)(y
2
2) =1
D thy 2 im A; B u tha mn phng trnh ng thng: tip tuyn ti A, qua M ca ng
trn c dng:
(x
0
1)(x 1) +(y
0
2)(y 2) =1
chnh l phng trnh ng thng AB.
M ta li c: M (d) nn: M =(x
0
; y
0
) =(x
0
; x
0
1). Thay ln phng trnh trn ta c:
(x
0
1)(x 1) +(x
0
3)(y 2) =1
Gi N(x; y) l im c nh m AB lun i qua vi mi x
0
.
Khi phng trnh: (x
0
1)(x 1) +(x
0
3)(y 2) =1 c nghim vi mi x
0
.
Hay l: x
0
(x +y 3) +6x 3y =0 c nghim vi mi x
0
_
_
_
x +y 3 =0
6x 3y =0
x = y =
3
2
Vy im c nh cn tm l: N
_
3
2
;
3
2
_

Bi 41. Trong mt phng Oxy cho hai ng trn (C) : (x 1)
2
+(y 2)
2
= 4 v (C
) : x
2
+y
2
= 9.
Vit phng trnh ng trn tm I tip xc vi c hai ng trn (C) v (C
) bit rng I thuc

ng thng d : x +y 2 =0.
Gii:
Bi ton ny trc tin ta cn phi lu tm n v tr ca hai ng trn bi ton cho cc bn .
C th i vi ng trn (C) ta c tm I
1
(1; 2) v bn knh R
1
=2
i vi ng trn (C
) ta c tm I
2
(0; 0) v bn knh R
2
= 3. T ta c I
1
I
2
=
5 nn ta suy ra
c |R
1
R
2
| < I
1
I
2
<R
1
+R
2
.
Do hai ng trn (C) v (C
) ct nhau ti hai im phn bit.

Mt khc ng thng d li nm gia khong khng gian gia hai ng trn nn ng trn
cn lp nu c tip xc vi (C) v (C
) th c hai kh nng l tip xc ngoi vi (C) v (C
) hoc
tip xc trong vi (C) v tip xc trong vi (C
)
T ta c I d : x +y 2 =0 I (x, 2x) v gi R l bn knh ca ng trn cn tm.
+ Trng hp 1 : V ng trn cn tm tip xc ngoi c (C) v (C
) nn ta c h phng trnh
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R +R
1
= I I
1
(1)
R +R
2
= I I
2
(2)
R
1
R
2
= I I
1
I I
2
(3)
+ Trng hp 2 : V ng trn cn tm tip xc trong vi (C) v cng tip xc trong vi (C
) nn
ta c h phng trnh
_
_
_
I I
1
=R
1
R (4)
I I
2
=R
2
R (5)
Ly (4) (5) v theo v ta c phng trnh I I
1
I I
2
=R
1
R
2
(6)
Do (3) v (6) nn ta dn n gii phng trnh
_
(x 1)
2
+x
2
_
x
2
+(2x)
2
=1
2x
2
2x +1 =
2x
2
4x +41
Bnh phng hai v phng trnh ny v thu gn ta c phng trnh
2x
2
4x +4 =23x
_
_
_
23x 0
2x
2
4x +4 =(23x)
2
x =0
+ Vi x =0 th ta c I I
1
=1
nn t (1) ta c R =12 =1 (v l)
+ Vi x =0 th ta c I I
1
=1 nn t (4) ta c R =21 =1 (nhn)
Do phng trnh ng trn cn tm l : x
2
+(y 2)
2
=1
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BI TP NLUYNCP S
1 Bi tp im- ng thng
Bi 1. Trong mt phng Oxy chng minh rng vi mi s thc m phng trnh : mx
2
m
2
x +
(m1)xy +my y
2
=0 l phng trnh ca ng thng.
S : mx y =0, x +y m=0
Bi 2. Trong mt phng Oxy cho ABC c nh A(1;2), ng trung tuyn BM: 2x +y +1 =0 v
phn gic trong CD : x +y 1 =0 Vit phng trnh ng thng BC.
S : 4x +3y +4 =0
Bi 3. Trong mt phng Oxy cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD c din tch bng 4. Bit A(1; 0), B(0; 2)
v giao im I ca hai ng cho nm trn ng thng y =x. Tm ta nh C v D.
S : C
_
5
3
;
8
3
_
, D
_
8
3
;
2
3
_
hoc C (1; 0) , D(0; 2)
Bi 4. Trong mt phng Oxy cho 2 ng thng: d
1
: 2x y 1 =0, d
2
: 2x +y 3 =0. Gi I l giao
im ca 2 ng thng d
1
v d
2
; A l im thuc d
1
, A c honh dng khc 1 (0 < x
A
=1).
Lp phng trnh ng thng () i qua A, ct d
2
ti B sao cho din tch I AB bng 6 v
I B =3I A.
S : x +y 5 =0, 4x +y 11 =0
Bi 5. Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC c trung im cnh AB l M(1; 2), tm
ng trn ngoi tip tam gic l I (2; 1). ng cao ca tam gic k t A c phng trnh:
2x +y +1 =0. Tm ta nh C.
S : C
_
14
15
;
47
15
_
Bi 6. Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC c B(12; 1), ng phn gic trong gc
A c phng trnh: x +2y 5 = 0. Trng tm tam gic ABC l G
_
1
3
;
2
3
_
.Vit phng trnh ng
thng BC
S : BC : x 8y +20 =0
Bi 7. Trong mt phng ta Oxy. Lp phng trnh ng thng qua M(2; 1) v to vi cc
trc ta mt tam gic c din tch bng 4.
S : x +2y 4 =0
Bi 8. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, lp phng trnh ng thng d i qua im A(1; 2)
v ct ng trn (C) c phng trnh (x 2)
2
+(y +1)
2
=25 theo mt dy cung c di bng 8
S : d : 3x 4y +5 =0
Bi 9. Trong mt phng Oxy cho A(1; 4) v hai ng thng b : x +y 3 = 0; c : x +y 9 = 0. Tm
im B trn b , imC trn c sao cho tam gic ABC vung cn ti A .
S : B(2; 1),C(4; 5) hoc B(2; 5),C(2; 7).
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Bi 10. Phng trnh hai cnh ca mt tam gic trong mt phng ta l 5x 2y +6 =0; 4x +
7y 21 =0. vit phng trnh cnh th ba ca tam gic , bit rng trc tm ca n trng gc
ta O.
S : y +7 =0
Bi 11. Trong mt phng to Oxy. Lp phng trnh ng thng i qua A(8; 6) v to vi 2
trc to mt tam gic c din tch bng 12.
S : 3x 2y 6 =0, 3x 8y +24 =0
Bi 12. Trong mt phng to Oxy vit phng trnh cc cnh ca hnh ch nht ABCD .Bit
rng AB =2BC , A, B thuc ng thng i qua M
_
4
3
; 1
_
, B,C thuc ng thng i qua N(0; 3),
A, D thuc ng thng i qua P
_
4;
1
3
_
, C, D thuc ng thng i qua Q(6; 2) .
S : Vi k =1/3 AB : y =
1
3
(x +
4
3
) +1, DC : y =
1
3
(x 6) +2, BC : x +
1
3
y 1 =0, AD : x +
1
3
y
35
9
=0
Vi k =3/17
AB : y =
3
17
(x +
4
3
) +1, DC : y =
3
17
(x 6) +2, BC : x
3
17
y +
9
17
=0, AD : x
3
17
y 4
3
17
=0
Bi 13. Trong mt phng Oxy cho hnh tam gic ABC c din tch bng 2. Bit A(1; 0), B(0; 2) v
trung im I ca AC nm trn ng thng y =x. Tm to nh C.
S : C(1; 0) hoc C(
5
3
;
8
3
)
Bi 14. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC ,vi A(1; 1), B(2; 5), nh C nm trn ng
thng x 4 =0, v trng tmG ca tamgic nmtrn ng thng 2x 3y +6 =0. Tnh din tch
tam gic ABC.
S : S
ABC
=
15
2
Bi 15. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tamgic ABC ,vi A(2; 1), B(1; 2), trng tmG ca tamgic
nm trn ng thng x +y 2 =0. Tm ta imC bit din tch tam gic ABC bng 13,5.
S : C =(12; 18) hoc C =(15; 9)
Bi 16. Trong mt phng Oxy cho ABC c A(2; 1) . ng cao qua nh B c phng trnh
x 3y 7 =0 .ng trung tuyn qua nh C c phng trnh x +y +1 =0 . Xc nh ta B v
C . Tnh din tch ABC.
S : S
ABC
=16
Bi 17. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy , cho tam gic ABC bit A(5; 2). Phng trnh ng
trung trc cnh BC, ng trung tuyn CC
ln lt l x +y 6 = 0 v 2x y +3 = 0. Tm ta
cc nh ca tam gic ABC
S :
Bi 18. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho im A(2; 1) v hai ng thng : x+3y+8 =0,
: 3x 4y +10 =0 . Vit phng trnh ng trn c tmthuc ng thng , i qua imA v

tip xc vi ng thng
.
S : (x 1)
2
+(y +3)
2
=25
Bi 19. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, hy vit phng trnh cc cnh ca tam gic ABC
bit trc tm H(1; 0), chn ng cao h t nh B l K(0; 2), trung im cnh AB l M(3; 1).
S : AC : x 2y +4 =0, AB : 3x y 8 =0, BC : 3x +4y +2 =0.
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Bi 20. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC vi A(1; 2), ng cao CH : x y +1 =0, phn
gic trong BN : 2x +y +5 =0. Tm to cc nh B,C v tnh din tch tam gic ABC .
S : S
ABC
=
45
4
Bi 21. Trong mt phng vi h trc to Oxy cho hnh ch nht ABCD c din tch bng 12,
tm I l giao imca ng thng d
1
: x y 3 =0 v d
2
: x +y 6 =0. Trung imca mt cnh
l giao im ca d
1
vi trc Ox. Tm to cc nh ca hnh ch nht.
S : A(2; 1), B(5; 4),C(7; 2), D(4; 1)
Bi 22. Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho hnh ch nht ABCD c tm I =
_
1
2
; 0
_
. ng thng
AB c phng trnh: x - 2y + 2 = 0, AB = 2AD v honh im A m. Tm ta cc nh ca
hnh ch nht .
S : C(3; 0), D(1; 2)
Bi 23. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy cho imC(2; 5) v ng thng : 3x 4y +4 =0.
Tm trn hai im A v B i xng nhau qua I (2; 5/2) sao cho din tch tam gic ABC bng 15.
S : A(0; 1) v B(4; 4).
Bi 24. Trong mt phng to Oxy cho hai ng thng (d
1
) : 4x 3y 12 =0 v (d
2
) : 4x +3y
12 = 0. Tm to tm v bn knh ng trn ni tip tam gic c 3 cnh nm trn (d
1
), (d
2
),
trc Oy.
S : I (4/3; 0), R =4/3
Bi 25. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tamgic ABC c trng tmG(2, 0) bit phng trnh cc cnh
AB, AC theo th t l 4x +y +14 =0; 2x +5y 2 =0. Tm ta cc nh A, B,C.
S : A(4, 2), B(3, 2),C(1, 0)
Bi 26. Trong mt phng Oxy cho hnh thoi c mt ng cho c phng trnh: x +2y 7 =0,
mt cnh c phng trnh: x +3y 3 = 0. Mt nh l (0; 1). Vit phng trnh 3 cnh v ng
cho th 2 ca hnh thoi.
S : AD : 9x +13y 13 =0 v BC : 9x +13y 83 =0
Bi 27. Trong mt phng Oxy cho 2 im M(1; 4) v N(6; 2). Lp phng trnh ng thng qua
N sao cho khong cch t M ti bng 2.
S :
: y =2 hoc 20x +21y 162 =0.

Bi 28. Trong mt phng Oxy cho im M(3; 1). Vit phng trnh ng thng qua M v ct 2
trc ta Ox, Oy tng ng ti A v B sao cho OA+OB t gi tr nh nht.
S : PT
_
1+
3
_
x +
_
3+
3
_
y 64
3 =0
Bi 29. Trong mt phng vi h trc ta Oxy cho tamgic ABC vi A(1; 2), ng trung tuyn
BM v ng phn gic trong CD c phng trnh ln lt l: 2x +y +1 =0 v x +y 1 =0. Vit
phng trnh ng thng BC.
S : BC : 4(x +1) +3y =0 hay 4x +3y +4 =0
Bi 30. Trong mt phng vi h trc Oxy cho ng thng d c phng trnh: 2x +3y +1 =0 v
im M(1; 1). Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua M to vi d mt gc 45
o
S : (d) : x 5y +4 =0 hay 5x +y 6 =0
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Bi 31. Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho tamgic ABC c nh A(1; 0) v 2 ng thng ln lt
cha ng cao k t B v C c phng trnh: x 2y +1 =0; 3x +y +1 =0. Tnh din tch tam gic
ABC
S : S
ABC
=28
Bi 32. Trong mt phng vi h trc ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC c AB = AC, gc BAC =90
o
.
Bit M(1; 1) l trung im ca BC v G(2/3; 0) l trng tm tam gic ABC. Tm ta cc nh
ABC.
S : B(4; 0);C(2; 2)hoc B(2; 2);C(4; 0).
Bi 33. Trong mt phng vi h trc ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC cn nh A. C trng tm
l G(4/3; 1/3), Phng trnh ng thng BC l: x 2y 4 =0, phng trnh ng thng BG l:
7x 4y 8 =0. Tm ta cc nh A, B,C.
S : B(0; 2); A(0; 3);C(4; 0)
Bi 34. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho hnh ch nht c tm I (1/2; 0). Phng trnh ng thng
AB l: x 2y +2 =0 v AB =2AD. Tm ta cc nh A, B,C, D. Bit rng A c honh m
S : A(2; 2); D(1; 2);C(3; 0); B(2; 2)
Bi 35. Trong mt phng Oxy cho im A(0; 2) v ng thng d : x 2y +2 =0. Tm trn d hai
im B v C sao cho tam gic ABC vung B v AB =2BC.
S : C(0; 1) hoc C(4/5; 7/5)
Bi 36. Trong mt phng Oxy cho ABC c A(5; 3); B(1; 2); C(4; 5) vit phng trnh ng
thng i qua A v chia tam gic ABC thnh 2 phn c t s din tch bng nhau.
S : d : y 3 =0 hay d : x +8y 29 =0
Bi 37. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC nhn, vit phng trnh ng thng cha
cnh AC bit ta chn cc ng cao h t A, B,C ln lt l: A
(1; 2), B
(2; 2),C(1; 2).

S : 4x 3y 2 =0
Bi 38. Trong mt phng Oxy cho hnh vung ABCD c nh A(3; 0) v C(4; 1) i din. Tm
ta cc nh cn li?
S : B(1; 3) hoc B(0; 4) t suy ra D
Bi 39. Trong mt phng ta cho ng thng d : 2x y 5 =0 v 2 im A(1; 2), B(4; 1). Vit
phng trnh ng trn c tm thuc d v i qua A, B.
S :
Bi 40. Trong mt phng Oxy cho ng thng d : 4x +3y 43 = 0 v im A(7; 5) trn d. Vit
phng trnh ng trn tip xc vi d ti A v c tm nm trn ng thng: : 2x 5y +4 =0
S :
Bi 41. Trong mt phng Oxy cho 2 ng thng: d
1
: 3x +4y 47 =0 v d
2
: 4x +3y 45 =0 Lp
phng trnh ng trn c tm nm trn ng thng d : 5x +3y 22 =0 v tip xc vi c d
1
v d
2
S :
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Bi 42. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho hai im A(0; 2) v B(
3; 1). Tm ta trc
tm v ta tm ng trn ngoi tip ca tam gic OAB.
S : Trc tm H(
3; 1), Tm ng trn ngoi tip I (
3; 1).
1
: x y +2 = 0, d
2
: 2x +y 5 = 0 v im
M(1; 4). Vit phng trnh ng thng d ct d
1
, d
2
ln lt ti A v B sao cho M l trung im
ca on AB.
S : x =1
Bi 44. Trong mt phng Oxy cho hnh vung ABCD tm I (2; 3), phng trnh cnh AB : 3x +
4y 4 =0. Tnh di cnh hnh vung. Tm phng trnh cnh CD, AD v BC.
S : a =4;CD : 3x +4y +8 =0, AD, BC : 4x 3y 7 =0, 4x 3y 27 =0.
Bi 45. Cho tam gic ABC c 3 cnh nm trn 3 ng thng AB : 2x y +2 =0, BC : x 2y 5 =
0,CA : 2x +y 10 =0. Tnh chiu cao AH ca tam gic. Vit phng trnh ng phn gic trong
gc B v tm ta tm I ca ng trn ni tip tam gic ABC.
S : A(2; 6), AH =3
5. Phn gic trong gc B : x y 1 =0, gc C : x +3y 5 =0. Tm I (2; 1).

Bi 46. Vit phng trnh ng thng (d) i qua M(3; 2) ct tia Ox ti A, tia Oy ti B sao cho:
a) OA+OB =12;
b) (d) hp vi hai trc ta mt tam gic c din tch l 12.
S : a) x +3y 9 =0 hoc 2x +y 8 =0. b) 2x +3y 12 =0.
Bi 47. Vit phng trnh ng thng d i qua giao im ca hai ng thng d
1
: 2x y +1 =
0, d
2
: x 2y 3 =0, ng thi chn trn hai trc ta nhng on bng nhau.
S : x +y +4 =0, 3x 3y 2 =0, 7x 5y =0
Bi 48. Cho tamgic ABC c A(2; 1) v phng trnh cc ng cao l: 2xy+1 =0; 3x+y+2 =0.
Lp phng trnh trung tuyn ca tam gic qua nh A.
S : B
_
8
5
;
11
5
_
;C(4; 2); AM : 11x 8y 30 =0..
Bi 49. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC c nh C(2; 4) v trng tmG(0; 4).
a) Gi s M(2; 0) l trung im ca cnh BC. Xc nh ta cc nh A v B.
b) Gi s M di ng trn ng thng (D) : x +y 2 =0, tm qu tch ca im B. Xc nh M
di AB l ngn nht.
S : a) A(4; 12), B(6; 4). b) Qu tch B : x +y 10 =0.B
_
3
2
;
17
2
_
; M
_
1
4
;
9
4
_
.
Bi 50. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC bit C(4; 3), ng phn gic trong v ng
trung tuynk tmt nhca tamgic c phng trnhlnlt l: x+2y5 =0 v 4x+13y10 =
0. Vit phng trnh ba cnh ca tam gic ABC.
S : BC : x +y 7 =0.AB : x +7y +5 =0.AC : x 8y +20 =0.
Bi 51. Trong mt phng Oxy lp phng trnh tng qut ca ng thng i qua I (2; 3) v
cch u A(5; 1) v B(3; 7).
S : 4x +y +5 =0 hay y 3 =0.
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Bi 52. Trong mt phng Oxy Tm ta im M
i xng vi M(1; 2) qua ng thng c

phng trnh 3x +4y 1 =0.
S : M
7
5
;
6
5
_
Bi 53. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC bit A(1; 3), pt hai ng trung tuyn k t B
v C tng ng l: x 2y +1 =0 v y 1 =0. Tm ta trc tm H ca tam gic ABC.
S : H
_
1
3
;
17
3
_
Bi 54. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC bit A(2; 1), pt hai ng phn gic trong k
t B v C tng ng l: x 2y +1 =0 v x +y +3 =0. Lp pt cnh BC v tm ta B,C.
S : BC : 4x y +3 =0, B
_
5
7
;
1
7
_
,C
_
6
5
;
9
5
_
.
Bi 55. Trong mt phng Oxy cho d
1
: x +y +3 =0, d
2
: x y 4 =0, d
3
: x 2y =0. Tm ta im
M nm trn d
3
sao cho khong cch t M n t d
1
bng 2 ln khong cch t M n t d
2
.
S : M(2; 1) hoc M(22; 11)
Bi 56. Trong mt phng Oxy cho A(1; 1), B(4; 3). Tm im C thuc (d) : x 2y 1 = 0 sao cho
d(C, AB) =6.
S : C(7; 3) hoc C
_
43
11
;
27
11
_
.
Bi 57. Trong mt phng Oxy lp pt t i qua im A(3; 2) v to vi trc honh gc 60
o
.
S :
3x y 23
3 =0
Bi 58. Trong mt phng Oxy lp pttq ca ng thng i qua im M(1; 3) v chn trn cc
trc ta nhng on thng c di bng nhau.
S : x +y 4 =0 hay x y +2 =0
Bi 59. Trong mt phng Oxy Lp pt TQca t i qua imM(1; 2) v chn trn cc trc ta
nhng on thng c di bng nhau.
S : x +y 3 =0 hay x y +1 =0
Bi 60. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tamgic ABC bit A(1; 1), pt cc ng cao k t B v C tng
ng l: 2x +y 8 =0 v 2x +3y 6 =0. Tm ta tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC.
S : I (
43
8
;
57
4
)
Bi 61. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC bit AB : 5x 3y +2 =0, pt cc ng cao k t
A v B tng ng l: 4x 3y +1 =0 v 7x +2y 22 =0. Lp pt 2 cnh AC, BC v ng cao th 3.
S : BC : 3x +4y 22 =0, AC : 2x 7y 5 =0,CH : 3x +5y 23 =0
Bi 62. Trong mt phng Oxy cho hnh vung ABCD. Gi M l trung im ca cnh BC, N l
im trn cnh CD sao cho CN = 2ND. Gi s M
_
11
2
;
1
2
_
v ng thng AN c phng trnh
2x y 3 =0. Tm ta im A
S : A(1; 1) hoc A(4; 5)
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Bi 63. Trong mt phng Oxy cho ng thng : x+y+2 =0 v ng trn(C) : x
2
+y
2
4x2y =
0 .Gi I l tmca (C), M thuc . Qua M k cc tip tuyn MA v MB n (C)( A v B l cc tip
im). Tm ta im M, bit t gic MAI B c din tch bng 10
S : M(2; 4) hoc M(3; 1)
Bi 64. Trong mt phng Oxy cho 2 ng thng : x y 4 =0 v d : 2x y 2 =0. Tm ta
im N thuc ng thng d sao cho ng thng ON ct ng thng ti im M tha mn
OM.ON =8
S : N(0; 2) hoc N
_
6
5
;
2
5
_
Bi 65. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC c nh B
_
1
2
; 1
_
. ng trn ni tip tam gic
ABC tip xc vi cnh BC,CA, AB tng ng cc im D, E, F. Cho D(3; 1) v ng thng EF c
phng trnh y 3 =0. Tm ta A, bit A c tung dng.
S : A
_
3;
13
3
_
1
:
3x +y =0 v d
2
:
3x y =0. Gi (T) l
ng trn tip xc vi d
1
ti A, ct d
2
ti hai im B v C sao cho tam gic vung ti B. Vit
phng trnh ca (T), bit tam gic ABC c din tch bng
3
2
v im A c honh dng.
S : (T) :
_
x +
1
2
3
_
2
+
_
y +
3
2
_
2
=1
Bi 67. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC cn ti A c nh A(6; 6); ng thng i qua
trung imca cc cnh AB v AC c phng trnh x +y 4 =0. Tmto cc nh B v C, bit
im E(1; 3) nm trn ng cao i qua nh C ca tam gic cho
S : B(0; 4) v C(4; 0) hoc B(6; 2) v C(2; 6)
Bi 68. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC vung ti A, c nh C(4; 1), phn gic trong
gc A c phng trnh x +y 5 = 0. Vit phng trnh ng thng BC, bit din tch tam gic
ABC bng 24 v nh A c honh dng.
S : BC : 3x 4y +16 =0
Bi 69. Trong mt phng Oxy cho hnh ch nht ABCD c im I (6; 2) l giao im ca hai
ng cho AC v BD. im M(1; 5) thuc ng thng AB v trung im E ca cnh CD thuc
ng thng : x +y 5 =0. Vit phng trnh ng thng AB.
S : AB : y 5 =0 hoc x 4y +19 =0
Bi 70. Trong mt phng Oxy cho hnh ch nht ABCD c tm I
_
1
2
; 0
_
. ng thng AB c
phng trnh: x 2y +2 = 0, AB = 2AD v honh im A m. Tm ta cc nh ca hnh
ch nht .
S :
Bi 71. Trong mt phng Oxy cho cc im A(1; 0) , B (2; 4) ,C (1; 4) , D(3; 5) v ng thng d :
3x y 5 =0. Tm im M trn d sao cho hai tam gic MAB, MCD c din tch bng nhau.
S :
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Bi 72. Trong mt phng Oxy cho hnh tam gic ABC c din tch bng 2. Bit A(1; 0), B(0; 2) v
trung im I ca AC nm trn ng thng y =x. Tm to nh C.
S :
Bi 73. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC, vi A(1; 1), B(2; 5), nh C nm trn ng
thng x 4 =0, v trng tmG ca tamgic nmtrn ng thng 2x 3y +6 =0. Tnh din tch
tam gic ABC.
S :
Bi 74. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tamgic ABC, vi A(2; 1), B(1; 2), trng tmG ca tamgic
nm trn ng thng x +y 2 =0. Tm ta nh C bit din tch tam gic ABC bng 13,5 .
S :
Bi 75. Trong mt phng Oxy cho ABC c A(2; 1) . ng cao qua nh B c phng trnh
x 3y 7 =0 . ng trung tuyn qua nh C c phng trnh x +y +1 =0 . Xc nh ta B v
C . Tnh din tch ABC.
S :
Bi 76. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC bit A(5; 2). Phng trnh ng trung trc
cnh BC, ng trung tuynCC
ln lt l x +y 6 =0 v 2x y +3 =0. Tm ta cc nh ca
tam gic ABC.
S :
Bi 77. Trong mt phng Oxy cho hai ng thng:x +3y +8 = 0,
: 3x 4y +10 = 0 v im
A(2; 1). Vit phng trnh ng trn c tm thuc ng thng , i qua im A v tip xc
vi ng thng
.
S :
Bi 78. Trong mt phng Oxy vit phng trnhcc cnhca tamgic ABC bit trc tmH(1; 0),
chn ng cao h t nh B l K(0; 2), trung im cnh AB l M(3; 1).
S :
Bi 79. Trong mt phng Oxy cho hnh ch nht ABCD c phng trnh ng thng AB :
x 2y +1 =0, phng trnh ng thng BD : x 7y +14 =0, ng thng AC i qua M(2; 1). Tm
to cc nh ca hnh ch nht.
S :
Bi 80. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC, c im A(2; 3), trng tm G(2; 0). Hai nh B
v C ln lt nm trn hai ng thng d
1
: x +y +5 = 0 v d
2
: x +2y 7 = 0. Vit phng trnh
ng trn c tmC v tip xc vi ng thng BG.
S :
Bi 81. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tamgic cn ABC c y BC nmtrn ng thng : 2x5y +
1 =0, cnh bn AB nm trn ng thng : 12x y 23 =0 . Vit phng trnh ng thng AC
bit rng n i qua im (3; 1)
S :
Bi 82. Trong mt phng Oxy vit phng trnh cc cnh ca tamgic ABC bit B(2; 1), ng
cao v ng phn gic trong qua nh A,C ln lt l : (d
1
) : 3x 4y +27 =0 v (d
2
) : x +2y 5 =0
S :
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Bi 83. Trong mt phng Oxy xt tam gic ABC vung ti A, phng trnh ng thng BC l
:

3x y
3 = 0, cc nh A v B thuc trc honh v bn knh ng trn ni tip tam gic

ABC bng 2 . Tm ta trng tmG ca tam gic ABC .
S :
Bi 84. Trong mt phng Oxy cho im A(1; 1) v ng thng : 2x+3y +4 =0. Tmta im
B thuc ng thng sao cho ng thng AB v hp vi nhau gc 45
o
.
S :
Bi 85. Trong mt phng Oxy cho cho hai ng thng d
1
: 2x y +5 =0. d
2
: 3x +6y 7 =0. Lp
phng trnh ng thng i qua im P(2; 1) sao cho ng thng ct hai ng thng d
1
v d
2
to ra mt tam gic cn c nh l giao im ca hai ng thng d
1
, d
2
.
S :
Bi 86. Trong mt phng Oxy cho hnh ch nht ABCD c cnh AB : x 2y 1 =0, ng cho
BD : x7y +14 =0 v ng cho AC i qua imM(2; 1). Tmto cc nh ca hnh ch nht.
S :
Bi 87. Trong mt phng Oxy cho ng thng () c phng trnh: x 2y 2 = 0 v hai im
A(1; 2); B(3; 4). Tm im M () sao cho 2MA
2
+MB
2
c gi tr nh nht.
S :
Bi 88. Trong mt phng Oxy Cho ng trn (C) : x
2
+y
2
2x 6y +6 =0 v im M(2; 4)
a) Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua M ct ng trn ti 2 im A v B, sao cho M l trung
im ca AB.
b) Vit phng trnh cc tip tuyn ca ng trn, bit tip tuyn c h s gc k =1.
S :
Bi 89. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tamgic ABC c phng trnh cnh AB : x y 2 =0, phng
trnh cnh AC : x +2y 5 =0. Bit trng tm ca tam gic G(3; 2). Vit phng trnh cnh BC.
S :
Bi 90. Trong mt phng Oxy vit phng trnh ng trn i qua hai im A(2; 5), B(4; 1) v
tip xc vi ng thng c phng trnh 3x y +9 =0.
S :
Bi 91. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC c trng tm G(2, 0) bit phng trnh cc
cnh AB, AC theo th t l 4x +y +14 =0; 2x +5y 2 =0. Tm ta cc nh A, B,C.
S :
Bi 92. Trong mt phng Oxy cho hai ng thng (d
1
) : 4x 3y 12 =0 v (d
2
) : 4x +3y 12 =0.
Tm to tm v bn knh ng trn ni tip tam gic c 3 cnh nm trn (d
1
), (d
2
), trc Oy.
S :
Bi 93. Trong mt phng Oxy cho im C(2; 5) v ng thng : 3x 4y +4 = 0. Tm trn
hai im A v B i xng nhau qua I (2; 5/2) sao cho din tch tam gic ABC bng 15.
S :
Bi 94. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC vi A(1; 2), ng cao CH : x y +1 =0, phn
gic trong BN : 2x +y +5 =0. Tm to cc nh B,C v tnh din tch tam gic ABC
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S :
Bi 95. Trong mt phng Oxy cho hnh ch nht ABCD c din tch bng 12, tm I l giao im
ca ng thng d
1
: x y 3 =0 v d
2
: x +y 6 =0. Trung im ca mt cnh l giao im ca
d
1
vi trc Ox. Tm to cc nh ca hnh ch nht.
S :
Bi 96. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC c A(4; 1), B(1; 5)C(4, 5). Vit phng trnh
cc ng thng sau:
a) ng cao AH
b) Cc ng trung tuyn BB
1
,CC
1
c) Cc ng phn gic trong BB
2
,CC
2
.
S :
AH : x +2y 2 =0
BB
1
: 8x y 3 =0,CC
1
: 14x 13y 9 =0
BB
2
: x 1 =0,CC
2
: x y 1 =0
Bi 97. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC c A(4; 1) v phng trnh hai ng trung
tuyn BB
1
: 8x y 3 =0,CC
1
: 14x 13y 9 =0. tm ta cc nh B,C.
S : B(1; 5),C(4; 5).
Bi 98. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC c C(4, 5) v phng trnh ng cao AH :
x +2y 2 =0, ng trung tuyn BB
1
: 8x y 3 =0. Tm ta cc nh A, B.
S : B(1; 5), A(4; 1).
Bi 99. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC c B(1; 5) v phng trnh ng cao AH :
x +2y 2 =0, ng phn gic CC
2
: x y 1 =0. Tm ta cc nh A,C.
S : A(4; 1),C(4; 5).
Bi 100. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tamgic ABC c A(4; 1) v phng trnh ng trung tuyn
BB
1
: 8x y 3 =0, phng trnh phn gic CC
2
: x y 1 =0. Tm ta B,C.
S : B(1; 5),C(4; 5).
Bi 101. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC c nh A(2; 2) v hai ng cao ln lt c
phng trnh 9x 3y 4 =0; x +y 2 =0. Lp phng trnh cc cnh ca tam gic ABC.
S : AB : x y =0, AC : x +3y 8 =0, BC : 7x +5y 8 =0.
Bi 102. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tamgic ABC c nh A(2; 1) v cc ng phn gic trong
ca gc B v C ln lt c phng trnh l: x 2y +1 = 0; x +y +3 = 0. Lp phng trnh ng
thng BC.
S : BC : 4x y +3 =0.
Bi 103. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC c nh A(4; 3) v hai trung tuyn ln lt c
phng trnh l: x +y 5 =0, 2x y 1 =0. Lp phng trnh cc cnh ca tam gic ABC.
S : AB : 3x 5y +3 =0; BC : 15x +9y 55 =0;CA : 3x 4y =0.
Bi 104. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tamgic ABC c C(4; 3) v cc ng phn gic trong, trong
tuyn k t A ln lt l: x +2y 5 =0; 4x +13y 10 =0. Xc nh ta im B.
S : B(12, 1).
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Bi 105. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tamgic ABC c nh A(4; 1). ng cao v trung tuyn k
t B ln lt c phng trnh: 2x 3y +12 =0; 2x +3y =0. Xc nh ta imC.
S : C(8; 7).
Bi 106. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC c nh A(1; 2). ng trung tuyn BM : 2x +
y +1 =0 v phn gic trong CD : x +y 1 =0. Vit phng trnh ng thng BC.
S : 4x +3y +4 =0.
Bi 107. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC c A(1; 3). ng cao BH nm trn ng
thng y = x. Phn gic ca gc C nm trn ng thng x +3y +2 =0. Vit phng trnh ng
thng BC.
S : BC : x 7y 18 =0.
Bi 108. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC c 3 gc u nhn. Ta chn cc ng
cao h t cc nh A, B,C tng ng l A
1
(1; 2); B
1
(2; 2);C
1
(1, 2). Vit phng trnh cnh AC.
S : AC : 2x +y 6 =0.
Bi 109. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC vung ti A, nh C(4; 1), phn gic trong
gc A c phng trnh x +y 5 = 0. Vit phng trnh ng thng BC, bit din tch tam gic
ABC bng 24 v nh A c honh dng.
S : BC : 3x 4y +16 =0.
Bi 110. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC c A(1; 2), B(2; 1). Tm ta im C thuc
d : x +2y 3 =0 sao cho din tch tam gic ABC bng 2.
S : C(9; 6) hoc C(7; 2).
Bi 111. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC c A(1; 0), B(3; 1). Tm ta im C thuc
d : x 2y 1 =0 sao cho din tch tam gic ABC bng 6 v C c tung ln hn 2.
S : C(7; 3).
Bi 112. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC c B(2; 1), ng cao qua A c phng trnh
d
1
: 3x 4y +27 =0, phn gic trong ca gc C c phng trnh d
2
: x +2y 5 =0. Tm ta nh
A.
S : A(5; 3).
Bi 113. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC c din tch bng
3
2
, A(2; 3) , B(3; 2). Tm ta
nh C bit C nm trn ng thng d : 3x y 4 =0.
S : C(2; 10) hoc C(1; 1).
Bi 114. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC bit A(2; 3), B(3; 2), c din tch bng
3
2
v
trng tmG nm trn ng thng d : 3x y 8 =0. Tm ta C.
S : C(2; 10) hoc C(1; 1).
Bi 115. Trong mt phng Oxy cho ng thng d : x2y 1 =0 v hai im A(1; 0), B(3; 1). Tm
imC thuc ng thng d sao cho din tch tam gic ABC bng 6.
S : C(7; 3) hoc C(5; 3).
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Bi 116. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC c A(2; 3) v B(3; 2) din tch tan gic bng
3
2
v trng tmG nm trn ng thng d : 3x y 8 =0. Tm ta nh C.
S : C(2; 10) hoc C(1; 1).
Bi 117. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC c B(1; 2), ng cao AH : x y 3 = 0. Tm
ta nh A,C ca tam gic ABC bit C thuc ng thng d : 2x +y 1 = 0 v din tch tam
gic ABC bng 1.
S : C(2; 3), A(1; 2) hoc A(3; 0).
Bi 118. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tamgic ABC c A(3; 6), trc tmH(2; 1), trng tmG
_
4
3
;
7
3
_
.
Xc nh ta cc nh B,C.
S : B(1; 2),C(6; 3) hoc B(6; 3),C(1; 2).
Bi 119. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tamgic ABC c nh A(3; 4). Phng trnh trung trc cnh
BC : x+y 1 =0, ng trung tuyn xut pht tC c phng trnh 3xy 9 =0. Tmta nh
B,C ca tam gic ABC.
S : C(3; 0), B(1; 2).
Bi 120. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC cn ti nh A c A(6; 6), ng thng d i
qua trung im ca cc cnh AB v AC c phng trnh x +y +4 = 0. Tm ta cc nh B,C,
bit im D(1; 3) nm trn ng cao i qua nh C ca tam gic ABC.
S : B(0; 4),C(4; 0) hoc B(6; 2),C(2; 6).
Bi 121. Trong mt phng Oxy cho im C(2; 5) v ng thng : 3x 4y +4 =0. Tm trn
hai im A, B i xng nhau qua I
_
2;
5
2
_
sao cho din tch tam gic ABC bng 15.
S : A(0; 1), B(4; 4).
Bi 122. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC vi AB =
5, nh C(1; 1) phng trnh

cnh AB : x +2y 3 =0 v trng tmG ca tam gic ABC thuc ng thng d : x +y 2 =0. Xc
nh ta nh A, B ca tam gic ABC.
S : A
_
4;
1
2
_
, B
_
6;
3
2
_
hoc B
_
4;
1
2
_
, A
_
6;
3
2
_
.
Bi 123. Trong mt phng Oxy tm ta cc nh ca mt tam gic vung cn, bit C(3; 1)
v phng trnh cnh huyn d : 3x y +2 =0.
S : A
_
3
5
;
19
5
_
,C
_
9
5
;
17
6
_
.
Bi 124. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC vi ng cao BH : 3x +4y +10 = 0, ng
phn gic trong gc A l AD c phng trnh x y +1 = 0, im M(0; 2) thuc ng thng AB
ng thi cch C mt khong bng
2. Tm ta cc nh ca tam gic ABC.

S : A(4; 5), B
_
3;
1
4
_
,C(1; 1) hoc C
_
31
25
;
33
25
_
.
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Bi 125. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC cn c y l BC. nh A c ta l cc s
dng, hai im B,C nm trn trc Ox, phng trnh cnhAB : 3
7x y 3
7 = 0. Tm ta
cc nh ca tam gic ABC bit chu vi ca tam gic ABC bng 18.
S : A(2; 3
7), B(1; 0),C(3; 0).

Bi 126. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC bit phng trnh cha cc cnh AB, BC ln
lt c phng trnh l: 4x +3y 4 = 0, x y 1 = 0. Phn gic trong ca gc A nm trn ng
thng x +2y 6 =0. Tm ta cc nh ca tam gic ABC.
S : A(2; 4), B(1; 0),C(5; 4).
Bi 127. Trong mt phng Oxy bit ta trc tm, tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC
ln lt l H(2; 2), I (1; 2) n trung im M
_
5
2
;
5
2
_
ca cnh BC. Tm ta cc nh A, B,C bit
x
B
>x
C
.
S : A(1; 1), B(3; 1),C(2; 4).
Bi 128. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC cn ti C c din tch bng 10, phng trnh
cnh AB : x 2y =0, im I (4; 2) l trung im ca AB, im M
_
4;
9
2
_
thuc cnh BC. Tm ta
cc nh ca tam gic ABC bit tung im B ln hn hoc bng 3.
S : A(2; 1); B(6; 3);C(2; 6).
Bi 129. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tamgic ABC vung ti A, cc nh A, B thuc ng thng
d : y =2, phng trnh cnh BC :
3x y +2 =0. Tm ta cc nh ca tam gic ABC, bit bn

knh ng trn ni tip tam gic ABC bng
3.
S : A(3+
3; 2), B(0; 2),C(3+
3; 5+3
3) hoc A(3
3; 2), B(0; 2),C(13
3).
106 boxmath.vn
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
2 Bi tp ng trn - ng elip
Bi 1. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho ba ng thng (d
1
) : 2x + y 3 = 0, (d
2
) : 3x +4y +5 = 0 v
(d
3
) : 4x +3y +2 = 0. Vit phng trnh ng trn (C) c tm thuc (d
1
) v tip xc vi (d
2
) v
(d
3
).
p s: (C) :(x 2)
2
+(y +1)
2
=
49
25
, (C) :(x 4)
2
+(y +5)
2
=
9
25
Bi 2. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho im A(2; 1),hai ng thng (d
1
) : x +3y +8 = 0 v (d
2
) :
3x 4y +10 = 0. Vit phng trnh ng trn (C) c tm thuc ng thng (d
1
), i qua A v
tip xc vi ng thng (d
2
)
p s: (C) : (x 1)
2
+(y +3)
2
=25
Bi 3. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho hai ng thng (d
1
) : 4x 3y +3 = 0 v (d
2
) : 3x 4y 31 = 0.
Lp phng trnh ng trn (C) tip xc vi (d
1
) ti imc tung bng 9 v tip xc vi (d
2
).
p s: (C) : (x 10)
2
+(y 6)
2
=25, (C) : (x +190)
2
+(y 156)
2
=60025
Bi 4. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho hai im A(1; 1) v B(3; 3), ng thng (d) : 3x 4y +8 = 0.
Lp phng trnh ng trn (C) qua A, B v tip xc vi ng thng (d).
p s: (C) : (x 3)
2
+(y +2)
2
=25, (C) :
_
x
31
2
_
2
+
_
y +27
_
2
=
4225
4
1
) : x +2y 3 =0 v (d
2
) : x +3y 5 =0. Lp
phng trnh ng trn (C) c bn knh bng
2
10
5
, c tm thuc (d) v tip xc (d
2
).
p s: (C) : (x +9)
2
+(y 6)
2
=
8
5
, (C) : (x 7)
2
+(y +2)
2
=
8
5
2
+y
2
+4
3x 4 =0. Tia Oy ct (C) ti A. Lp

phng trnh ng trn (C
), bn knh R
=2 v tip xc ngoi vi (C) ti A.

p s: (C
) : (x
3)
2
+(y 3)
2
=4
2
+y
2
4y 5 = 0. Lp phng trnh ng
trn (C
) i xng vi (C) qua im M

_
4
5
;
2
5
_
p s: (C
) :
_
x
8
5
_
2
+
_
y +
6
5
_
2
=9 .
Bi 8. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho ng trn(C) : x
2
+y
2
2x+4y+2 =0. Lp phng trnh ng
trn (C
) tm M(5; 1) bit (C
) ct (C) ti hai im A, B sao cho AB =
3.
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
p s: (C
) : (x 5)
2
+(y 1)
2
=43, (C
) : (x 5)
2
+(y 1)
2
=13.
Bi 9. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho ng trn(C) : (x1)
2
+(y2)
2
=4 v imK(3; 4). Lp phng
trnh ng trn (T) c tmK, ct (C) ti hai im A, B sao cho din tch tam gic I AB ln nht,
vi I l tm ng trn (C).
p s: (C) : (T) : (x 3)
2
+(y 4)
2
=4, (T) : (x 3)
2
+(y 4)
2
=20
Bi 10. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho ba im A(2; 3), B
_
1
4
; 0
_
v C(2; 0). Lp phng trnh ng
trn (C) ni tip tam gic ABC.
p s: (C) :
_
x
1
2
_
2
+
_
y
1
2
_
2
=
1
4
1
) : 4x 3y 12 =0 v (d
2
) : 4x +3y 12 =0.
Tm ta tm v bn knh ng trn ni tip tam gic c 3 cnh nm trn (d
1
), (d
2
) v trc
Oy.
p s: I
_
4
3
; 0
_
, R =
4
3
Bi 12. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho ng thng (d) : x y 1 = 0 v hai ng trn c phng
trnh (C
1
) : (x 3)
2
+(y +4)
2
= 8, (C
2
) : (x +5)
2
+(y 4)
2
= 32. Lp phng trnh ng trn (C) c
tm I thuc ng thng (d) v tip xc ngoi vi (C
1
) v (C
2
).
p s: (C) : x
2
+(y +1)
2
=2
Bi 13. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho ng trn (C) : (x 1)
2
+(y 1)
2
= 10 v ng thng (d) :
2xy2 =0. Lp phng trnh tip tuyn ca ng trn (C), bit tip tuyn to vi ng thng
(d) mt gc 45
0
.
p s: c 4 tip tuyn cn tm l 3x +y +6 =0, 3x +y 14 =0, x 3y 8 =0, x 3y +12 =0
Bi 14. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho hai ng trn (C
1
) : x
2
+y
2
2x 2y 2 =0,
(C
2
) : x
2
+y
2
8x 2y +16 =0. Lp phng trnh tip tuyn chung ca (C
1
) v (C
2
).
p s: c 3 tip tuyn chung x =3, y =
2
4
x +
4+7
2
4
, y =
2
4
x +
47
2
4
Bi 15. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho hai ng trn (C
1
) : (x 1)
2
+y
2
=
1
2
,
(C
2
) : (x 2)
2
+(y 2)
2
=4. Vit phng trnh ng thng (d) tip xc vi (C
1
) v ct (C
2
) ti hai
im M, N sao cho MN =2
2.
p s: (d) : x +y 2 =0, (d) : x +7y 6 =0, (d) : x y 2 =0, (d) : 7x y 2 =0.
108 boxmath.vn
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
2
+y
2
4x 2y =0 v ng thng
(d) : x +2y 12 =0. Tm M trn (d) sao cho t M v c vi (C) hai tip tuyn lp vi nhau mt
gc 60
o
.
p s: M(6; 3), M
_
6
5
;
27
5
_
.
2
+(y +2)
2
= 9 v ng thng (d) :
x +y +m=0. Tm m trn (d) c duy nht mt im A m t k c hai tip tuyn AB, AC
ti (C) (B,C l tip im) sao cho tam gic ABC vung.
p s: m {5; 7}
2
+(y +2)
2
= 9 v ng thng (d) :
3x4y +m=0. Tmm trn (d) c duy nht mt im A m t k c hai tip tuyn AB, AC
ti (C) (B,C l tip im) sao cho tam gic ABC u.
p s: m {41; 9}
Bi 19. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho hai ng trn(C
1
) : x
2
+y
2
18x6y+65 =0 v (C
2
) : x
2
+y
2
=9.
T im M thuc C
1
) k hai tip tuyn vi (C
2
), gi A, B l cc tip im. Tm ta M, bit
di on AB bng 4,8.
p s: M(4; 3), M(5; 0)
2
+(y +1)
2
= 25 v im M(7; 3). Lp
phng trnh ng thng (d) qua M ct (C) ti hai im A, B phn bit sao cho MA =3MB
p s: (d) : y 3 =0, (d) : 12x 5y 69 =0.
Bi 21. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho elip (E) :
x
2
25
+
y
2
16
= 1. Gi A, B l cc im trn (E) sao cho
AF
1
+AF
2
=8, vi F
1
, F
2
l cc tiu im. Tnh AF
2
+BF
1
.
p s: AF
2
+BF
1
=12
Bi 22. Trong mt phng Oxy, vit phng trnh elip (E) vi cc tiu im F
1
(1; 1), F
2
(5; 1) v
tm sai e =0, 6.
p s: (E) :
(x 2)
2
25
+
(y 1)
2
16
=1
Bi 23. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho imC(2; 0) v elip (E) :
x
2
4
+
y
2
1
=1. Tm ta cc im A, B
thuc (E), bit rng A, B i xng vi nhau qua trc honh v tam gic ABC l tam gic u.
p s: A
_
2
7
;
4
3
7
_
, B
_
2
7
;
4
3
7
_
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
x
2
100
+
y
2
25
=1. Tm M (E) sao cho

F
1
MF
2
=120
0
(vi
F
1
, F
2
l hai tiu im)
p s: M
1
(0; 5), M
2
(0; 5)
Bi 25. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho elip (E) c hai tiu im F
1
(
3; 0), F
2
(
3; 0) v i qua im
A
_
3;
1
2
_
. Lp phng trnh chnh tc ca (E) v vi mi im M trn elip, hy tnh gi tr biu
thc P =F
1
M
2
+F
2
M
2
3OM
2
F
1
M.F
2
M
p s: (E) :
x
2
4
+
y
2
1
=1, P =1
Bi 26. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho elip (E) : 4x
2
+16y
2
=64. Gi F
2
l tiu im bn phi ca (E),
M l im bt k trn (E). Chng minh rng t s khong cch t M ti F
2
v ti ng thng
: x =
8
3
c gi tr khng i.
p s:
MF
2
d(M; )
=
3
2
Bi 27. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho elip (E) : 5x
2
+16y
2
= 80 v hai im A(5; 1), B(1; 1). Mt
im M di ng trn (E). Tnh gi tr ln nht ca din tch tam gic MAB.
p s: S
max
=9 khi M
_
_
_
_
8
3;
5
3
_
_
_
_
x
2
9
+
y
2
4
= 1 v hai im A(3; 2), B(3; 2). Tm trn
(E) im (C) c honh v tung dng sao cho tam gic ABC c din tch ln nht.
p s: M
_
3
2
2
;
2
_
x
2
25
+
y
2
9
=1 v im M(1; 1). Vit phng trnh ng
thng qua M v ct (E) ti hai im A, B sao cho M l trung im ca AB.
p s: 9x +25y 34 =0
x
2
8
+
y
2
2
= 1. Tm M trn (E) sao cho M c ta
nguyn.
p s: (2; 1), (2; 1), (2; 1), (2; 1)
110 boxmath.vn
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
x
2
8
+
y
2
2
=1. Tm M (E) sao cho tng hai ta ca
M c gi tr ln nht.
p s: M
_
4
10
5
;
10
5
_
x
2
9
+
y
2
4
=1 v cc ng thng (d
1
) : mxny =0, (d
2
) :
nx +my =0, vi m
2
+n
2
=0. Gi M, N l cc giao im ca (d
1
) vi (E), P,Q l cc giao im ca
(d
2
) vi (E). Tm iu kin i vi m, n din tch t gic MPNQ t gi tr nh nht.
p s: m=n
x
2
16
+
y
2
9
= 1 v ng thng (d) : 3x +4y 12 = 0.
Chng minh rng ng thng (d) lun ct (E) ti hai im phn bit A, B. TmC (E) sao cho
din tch tam gic ABC bng 6.
p s: C
1
_
2
2;
3
2
2
_
, C
2
_
2
2;
3
2
2
_
x
2
9
+
y
2
1
=1 v A(3; 0). Tm ta cc im B,C (E)
sao cho tam gic ABC vung cn ti A.
p s: B
_
12
5
;
3
5
_
, C
_
12
5
;
3
5
_
hoc B
_
12
5
;
3
5
_
, C
_
12
5
;
3
5
_
x
2
25
+
y
2
4
=1. M v N l hai imtrn (E) sao cho tam
gic OMN vung ti O ( O l gc ta ). Gi H l hnh chiu ca O trn MN. Tm qu tch H.
p s: x
H
2
+y
H
2
=
100
29
2
+y
2
=8. Vit phng trnh chnh tc ca
elip (E), bit (E) c di trc ln bng 8 v (E) ct (C) ti bn im to thnh bn nh ca
hnh vung.
p s: (E) :
x
2
16
+
y
2
16
3
=1
Bi 37. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho hnh thoi ABCD c AC =2BD v ng trn tip xc vi cc
cnh ca hnh thoi c phng trnh x
2
+y
2
=4. Vit phng trnh chnh tc ca elip (E) i qua
cc nh A, B,C, D. Bit A thuc Ox.
p s: (E) :
x
2
20
+
y
2
5
=1
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
x
2
4
+
y
2
1
= 1. Tm ta cc im A v B thuc (E),
c honh dng sao cho tam gic OAB cn ti O v c din tch ln nht.
p s: A
_
2;
2
2
_
, B
_
2;
2
2
_
hoc A
_
2;
2
2
_
, B
_
2;
2
2
_
Bi 39. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho im A(2;
3) v elip (E) :
x
2
3
+
y
2
2
=1. Gi F
1
v F
2
l cc tiu
im (E) (F
1
c honh m); M l giao im c tung dng ca ng thng AF
1
vi (E); N
l im i xng ca F
2
qua M. Vit phng trnh ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ANF
2
.
p s: (x 1)
2
+
_
y
2
3
3
_
2
=
4
3
.
x
2
9
+
y
2
5
=1. Tm im M (E) sao cho M nhn on
ni hai tiu im di gc 60
0
p s: M
_
21
2
;
5
3
6
_
; M
_
21
2
;
5
3
6
_
; M
_
21
2
;
5
3
6
_
; M
_
21
2
;
5
3
6
_
Bi 41. Trong mt phng Oxy cho ng thng (d) : x y +1 =0 v ng trn
(C) : x
2
+y
2
+2x 4y =0. Tm im M thuc ng thng (d) m qua M k c 2 tip tuyn tip
xc vi (C) ti A v B sao cho

AMB =60
o
.
S :
Bi 42. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho ng trn hai ng trn (C) : x
2
+y
2
2x2y +
1 =0, (C
) : x
2
+y
2
+4x 5 =0 cng i qua M(1; 0). Vit phng trnh ng thng qua M ct hai
ng trn (C), (C
)ln lt ti A, B sao cho MA =2MB.

S : 6x +1y 6 =0
2
+y
2
6x +5 =0. Tm M thuc trc tung sao
cho qua M k c hai tip tuyn ca (C) m gc gia hai tip tuyn bng 60
o
.
S :
Bi 44. Trong mt phng Oxy cho ng trn hai ng (C) : x
2
+y
2
2x 2y +1 = 0, (C
) : x
2
+
y
2
+4x 5 = 0 cng i qua M(1; 0). Vit phng trnh ng thng qua M ct hai ng trn
(C), (C
)ln lt ti A, B sao cho MA =2MB.

S :
2
+ y
2
+2x 8y 8 = 0. Vit phng trnh
ng thng song song vi ng thng d : 3x +y 2 =0 v ct ng trn theo mt dy cung c
di bng 6.
S :
2
+y
2
=1, ng thng (d) : x+y +m=0. Tm
m (C) ct (d) ti A v B sao cho din tch tam gic ABO ln nht.
S :
112 boxmath.vn
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
2
+y
2
4x 2y 1 = 0 v ng thng d :
x+y +1 =0. Tmnhng im M thuc ng thng d sao cho t im M k c n (C) hai tip
tuyn hp vi nhau gc 90
o
S :
2
+y
2
+4
3x 4 =0. Tia Oy ct (C) ti A. Lp

phng trnh ng trn (C
), bn knh R
=2 v tip xc ngoi vi (C) ti A.

S :
2
+ y
2
2x +4y +2 = 0. Vit phng trnh
ng trn (C
) tm M(5, 1) bit (C
) ct (C) ti cc im A, B sao cho AB =
3.
S :
Bi 50. Trong mt phng Oxy cho ng trn (C) c phng trnh (x 1)
2
+(y +2)
2
=9 v ng
thng d : x +y +m=0. Tm m trn ng thng d c duy nht mt im A m t k c
hai tip tuyn AB, AC ti ng trn (C) (B,C l hai tip im) sao cho tam gic ABC vung.
S :
2
+y
2
2x +4y 4 = 0 v ng thng d c
phng trnh x + y +m = 0. Tm m trn ng thng d c duy nht mt im A m t
k c hai tip tuyn AB, AC ti ng trn (C) (B,C l hai tip im) sao cho tam gic ABC
vung.
S :
Bi 52. Trong mt phng Oxy cho ng thng d : x 2y +4 =0. Vit phng trnh ng trn
c tm I (3; 1) chn trn ng thng d mt dy cung c di bng 4.
S : (x 3)
2
+(y 1)
2
=9.
Bi 53. Trong mt phng Oxy cho hai im A(2; 3), B(1; 1) v ng thng : x3y 11 =0. Vit
phng trnh ng trn c tm nm trn v qua hai im A, B.
S : x
2
+y
2
7x +5y 14 =0.
Bi 54. Trong mt phng Oxy cho hai im A(0; 5), B(2; 3). Vit phng trnh ng trn i qua
hai im A, B v c bn knh R =
10.
S : (x +1)
2
+(y 2)
2
=10 hoc (x 3)
2
+(y 6)
2
=10.
Bi 55. Trong mt phng Oxy cho ng thng : x +y 5 =0 v ng thng d : 3x +y 3 =0.
Vit phng trnh ng trn c tm nm trn ng thng c bn knh bng 10 ng thi
tip xc vi ng thng d.
S : (x 4)
2
+(y 1)
2
=10 hoc (x +6)
2
+(y 11)
2
=10.
Bi 56. Trong mt phng Oxy cho ng thng : 2x +y = 0 v ng thng d : x 7y +10 = 0.
Vit phng trnh ng trn c tm nm trn ng thng v tip xc vi d ti A(4; 2).
S : (x 6)
2
+(y +12)
2
=200.
Bi 57. Trong mt phng Oxy cho ba ng thng d
1
: 2x +y 3 = 0, d
2
: 3x +4y +5 = 0, d
3
: 4x +
3y +2 =0. Vit phng trnh ng trn c tm thuc d
1
v tip xc vi d
2
, d
3
.
S : (x 10)
2
+y
2
=49 hoc
_
x
10
43
_
2
+
_
y +
70
43
_
2
=
_
7
43
_
2
.
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
Bi 58. Trong mt phng Oxy cho ng thng d : x 7y +10 = 0 v ng trn (C
) : x
2
+y
2
2x +4y 20 =0. Vit phng trnh ng trn (C) qua A(1; 2) v cc giao im ca (C
) v d.
S : x
2
+y
2
2x +4y 10 =0.
Bi 59. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tamgic ABC c din tch bng
3
2
, A(2; 3), B(3; 2), trng tm
G ca tamgic ABC nmtrn ng thng d : 3xy 8 =0. Vit phng trnh ng trn i qua
ba im A, B,C.
S : x
2
+y
2
11
3
x +
11
3
y +
16
3
=0 hoc x
2
+y
2
91
3
x +
91
3
y +
416
3
=0.
2
+y
2
12x 4y +36 =0. Vit phng trnh
n trn (C
1
) tip xc vi hai trc ta Ox, Oy ng thi tip xc ngoi vi ng trn (C).
S : (x 18)
2
+(y 18)
2
=324, (x 2)
2
+(y 2)
2
=4, (x 6)
2
+(y +6)
2
=36.
Bi 61. Trong mt phng Oxy cho ba im A(1; 7), B(4; 3),C(4; 1). Hy vit phng trnh
ng trn (C) ni tip tam gic ABC.
S : (x +1)
2
+(y 2)
2
=5.
Bi 62. Trong mt phng Oxy cho ng trn (C) : (x1)
2
+(y +3)
2
=25. Vit phng trnh ng
thng i qua gc ta O v ct (C) theo mt dy cung c di bng 8.
S : y =0 hoc 3x 4y =0.
2
+y
2
+2x 4y 20 =0 v im A(3; 0). Vit
phng trnh ng thng i qua A v ct ng trn (C) ti hai im M, N sao cho MN c
di nh nht.
S : x +2y 3 =0.
2
+y
2
+2x 4y 20 =0 v im A(3; 0). Vit
phng trnh ng thng i qua A v ct ng trn (C) ti hai im M, N sao cho MN c
di ln nht.
S : 2x y 6 =0.
2
+ y
2
+2x 4y +4 = 0 c tm I v im
M(1; 3). Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua M v ct ng trn (C) ti hai im A, B
sao cho tam gic I AB c din tch ln nht.
S : x +y +4 =0 hoc 7x +y +10 =0.
2
+y
2
6x +5 = 0. Tm im M thuc trc
tung sao cho t M k c hai tip tuyn vi (C) m gc gia hai tip tuyn bng 60
0
.
S : M(0;
7) hoc M(0;
7).
2
+y
2
4x 2y = 0 v ng thng d : x +
2y 12 =0. Tm im M thuc ng thng d sao cho t M k c hai tip tuyn vi (C) m gc
gia hai tip tuyn bng 60
0
.
S : M(6; 3), M
_
6
5
;
27
5
_
.
114 boxmath.vn
b
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Bi 68. Trong mt phng Oxy cho hai ng trn (C) : x
2
+y
2
18x6y +65 =0 v (C
) : x
2
+y
2
=9.
T im M thuc ng trn (C) k hai tip tuyn vi ng trn (C
), gi A, B l hai tip im.

Tm ta im M, bit di AB bng
9
5
.
S : M(4; 3) hoc M(5; 0).
Bi 69. Trong mt phng Oxy cho ng trn (C) : (x +4)
2
+(y 3)
2
= 25 v ng thng :
3x 4y +10 =0. Lp phng trnh ng thng d bit d vung gc vi v d ct (C) ti A, B sao
cho AB =6.
S : 4x +3y +27 =0 hoc 4x +3y 13 =0.
Bi 70. Trong mt phng Oxy cho hai ng trn (C
1
) : x
2
+y
2
=13 v (C
2
) : (x 6)
2
+y
2
=25. Gi
A l giao imca (C
1
) v (C
2
) vi y
A
>0. Vit phng trnh ng thng d i qua A ct (C
1
), (C
2
)
theo hai ay cung c di bng nhau.
S : x 2 =0 hoc x 3y +7 =0.
Bi 71. Trong mt phng Oxy cho ng thng d : x 5y 2 =0 v ng trn (C) : x
2
+y
2
+2x
4y 8 = 0. Xc nh ta cc giao im A, B ca ng trn (C) v ng thng d bit A c
honh dng. Tm ta imC thuc ng trn (C) sao cho tam gic ABC vung B.
S : C(4; 4).
2
+y
2
2x 4y 5 =0 v A(0; 1). Tm ta
B,C thuc ng trn (C) sao cho tam gic ABC u.
S : B
_
7+
3
2
;
33
3
2
_
,C
_
7
3
2
;
3+3
3
2
_
.
2
+(y 4)
2
=35 v im A(5; 5). Tm trn
(C) hai im B,C sao cho tam gic ABC vung cn ti A.
S : B
_
7+3
13
2
;
11
13
2
_
,C
_
9+
13
2
;
7+3
13
2
_
hoc
B
_
73
13
2
;
11+
13
2
_
,C
_
9
13
2
;
73
13
2
_
.
2
+y
2
= 4 v im A
_
1;
8
3
_
, B(3; 0). Tm M
thuc (C) sao cho tam gic MAB c din tch bng
20
3
.
S : M(2; 0) hoc M
_
14
25
;
48
75
_
.
2
+y
2
2x 2y +1 = 0 v ng thng d :
x y +3 =0. Tm ta im M nm trn d sao cho ng trn tm M c bn knh gp i bn
knh ng trn (C) v tip xc ngoi vi ng trn (C).
S : M(1; 4), M(2; 1).
b
o
x
m
a
t
h
.
v
n
2
+(y +2)
2
= 9 v ng thng d : 3x
4y +m=0. Tmm trn d c duy nht mt imP m t c th k c hai tip tuyn PA, PB
ti (C) (A, B l hai tip im) sao cho tam gic ABC u.
S : m=19, m=41.
2
+y
2
=1 c tm I . Xc nh ta im
M thuc ng trn (C) sao cho

I MO =30
0
.
S : M
_
3
2
;
3
2
_
hoc M
_
3
2
;
3
2
_
.
Bi 78. Trong mt phng Oxy cho hai im A(2; 0) v B(6; 4). Vit phng trnh ng trn (C)
tip xc vi trc honh ti A v khong cch t tm ca (C) n im B bng 5.
S : (x 2)
2
+(y 1)
2
=1 hoc (x 2)
2
+(y 7)
2
=49.
2
+y
2
2x 6y +6 =0 v im M(3; 1). Gi
A, B l hai tip im ca cc tip tuyn k t M n (C). Vit phng trnh ng thng AB.
S : AB : 2x +y 3 =0.
2
+y
2
=
4
5
v hai ng thng
1
: xy =
0,
2
: x 7y = 0. Xc nh ta tm K ca ng trn (C
1
) bit ng trn (C
1
) tip xc vi
ng thng
1
,
2
v tm K thuc ng trn (C).
S : K
_
8
5
;
4
5
_
, R =
2
2
5
.
Bi 81. Trong mt phng Oxy cho ng trn(C) : (x1)
2
+(y2)
2
=4 v ng thng d : xy1 =
0. Vit phng trnh ng trn (C
) i xng vi ng trn (C) qua d.

S : (x 2)
2
+y
2
=4.
Bi 82. Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC c A(0; 2), B(2; 2),C(4; 2). Gi H l chn
ng cao k t B, M v N ln lt l trung im ca AB v BC. Vit phng trnh ng trn
i qua im H, M, N.
S : x
2
+y
2
x +y 2 =0.
2
+y
2
+4x +4y +6 = 0 v ng thng :
x +my 2m+3 =0 vi m l tham s thc. Gi I l tm ng trn (C). Tm m ct (C) ti hai
im phn bit A v B sao cho din tch tam gic I AB ln nht.
S : m=0, m=
8
15
.
1
:
3x +y =0 v d
2
:
3x y =0. Gi (C) l
ng trn tip xc vi d
1
ti A ct d
2
tai hai im B,C sao cho tam gic ABC vung ti B. Vit
phng trnh ng trn (C) bit tam gic ABC c din tch bng
3
2
v im A c honh
dng.
S :
_
x +
1
2
3
_
2
+
_
y +
2
2
_
2
=1.
116 boxmath.vn
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o
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Bi 85. Trong mt phng Oxy cho cc ng trn (C
1
) : x
2
+y
2
= 4, (C
2
) : x
2
+y
2
12x +18 = 0 v
ng thng d : x y 4 =0. Vit phng trnh ng trn c tm thuc (C
2
), tip xc vi d ct
(C
1
) ti hai im phn bit A, B sao cho AB vung gc vi d.
S : (x 3)
2
+(y 3)
2
=8.
Bi 86. Trong mt phng Oxy cho ng thng d : 2x y +3 =0. Vit phng trnh ng trn
c tm thuc d, ct Ox ti A, B, ct Oy ti C, D sao cho AB =CD =2.
S : (x +1)
2
+(y 1)
2
=2 hoc (x +3)
2
+(y +3)
2
=10.

Chuyen de Hinh Hoc Giai Tich Trong Mat Phang

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Chuyen de Hinh Hoc Giai Tich Trong Mat Phang

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Mc lc

uuur uuur uuur r

Do G l trng tm ca tam gic ABC nn: S

2.d (G, AB) =1

T yu cu ca bi ton ta suy ra B l hnh chiu vung gc ca A trn (d) Phng trnh ng

Bi 12. Cho hnh thang ABCD vung ti A v D c y ln l CD,

5 B(4; 2). (BC) : 2(x 4) +1(y 2) =0

Bi 15. Trong mt phng to Oxy cho im C(2; 5)v ng thng : 3x 4y +4 = 0. Tm

AC =0 b +(b 6) =0 b =3. Suy ra B(3; 4), C(1; 2).

|(4a 5) +2(a 1)|

HI A(1; 3). d(A, BC) =

5. Gi M l trung im BC. Khi

AB =(1a; 0) suy ra BD AB suy ra tam gic ABC vung ti B.

HM lm php tuyn:x +3y +7 =0

2 khi v ch khi m=n =4

NCD =x. Gi di cnh hnh vung l a

2 v nhC(1; 5). ng thng

AB =(b a; a +b 2). Do CH l ng cao c

l im i xng vi M qua AP, H l trung im ca MM

l im i xng ca im A qua I , suy ra A

BHC l hnh bnh hnh (BH A

thuc cnh AB. Vy

i xng vi d qua phn gic BD. ng thng ny ct BD ti F, ct AH

Bi 58. Trong mt phng Oxy cho ABC cn nh A. Canh bn AB v canh y BC c phng

AB =(b a; a +b 2). DO ABCH

2. Phng trnh BC : x +7y +11 =0. M G thuc d nn G(a; a +2)

|a +7(a +2) +11|

l im i xng vi A qua phn gic CF , suy ra I l trung im ca AA

AM =(1; 3) lm mt vect php tuyn.

HK =(1; 2) lm vect ch phng nn

AB =(2; 6) nn phng trnh canh AB : 3x y 8 =0

HA =(3; 4) l php vect suy ra phng trinh

|3t 24t +6|

) c tmO(0; 0), bn knh R =OA =3. Gi H = AB

Bi 5. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho ng thng : x y +5 = 0 v hai elip (E

ng trn (C) c tm I (2; 1), bn knh R =2

d pt c dng x 2y +m=0. Ta A, B l nghim ca h

FO; d l ng thng bt k i qua M, d ct (P) ti hai im phn

AH G(2; 2). Bn knh ng trn ni tip l r =GH =

2, ta s chng minh (C) tip xc (E). Tht vy, lp phng trnh

) bit rng I thuc

) th c hai kh nng l tip xc ngoi vi (C) v (C

BG(3; 4) nn vect php tuyn ca BG l

sao cho 2MA = MA

vi mi im M thuc (C), sau p dng

(a; b) sao cho 2MA =MA

nmngoi ng trn nn 2MA+MB =MA

, B thng hng v M nm gia A

Bi 34. Trong mt phng Oxy cho ng trn (C) : (x 4)

NM =(1; 1). ng thng AB qua B v song song vi ng thng MN nn ta d dng vit

) bit rng I thuc

) ct nhau ti hai im phn bit.

) th c hai kh nng l tip xc ngoi vi (C) v (C

: 3x 4y +10 =0 . Vit phng trnh ng trn c tmthuc ng thng , i qua imA v

: y =2 hoc 20x +21y 162 =0.

(2; 2),C(1; 2).

3; 1), Tm ng trn ngoi tip I (

5. Phn gic trong gc B : x y 1 =0, gc C : x +3y 5 =0. Tm I (2; 1).

i xng vi M(1; 2) qua ng thng c

3 = 0, cc nh A v B thuc trc honh v bn knh ng trn ni tip tam gic

5, nh C(1; 1) phng trnh

2. Tm ta cc nh ca tam gic ABC.

7), B(1; 0),C(3; 0).

3x y +2 =0. Tm ta cc nh ca tam gic ABC, bit bn