Chng 4: Bo himhng ha chuyn ch

bng ng bin
I- Khi qut chung v BH hng hi
1- Khi nim
- L BH nhng ri ro trn bin, trn b, trn
sng c lin quan n hnh trnh ng bin gy
tn tht cho i tng chuyn ch trn bin
- Lch s ra i v pht trin ca BH hng hi
Lloyds Coffe House, MIA 1906
I- Khi qut chung v BH hng hi
2- Cc loi BH hng hi
-BH hng ha chuyn ch bng ng bin
(cargo insurance)
-BH thn tu (hull insurance)
-BH trch nhimdn s ca ch tu (P & I
Club)
3- Ri ro trong BH hng hi
-Khi nim
-Phn loi ri ro: c 2 cn c phn loi ri ro
3.1- cn c vo nguyn nhn sinh ra ri ro (5)
-Thin tai (acts of God)
-Tai nn bt ng ngai bin (perils of the sea)
-Cc tai nn bt ng khc (extraneous risk)
-Cc hin tng chnh tr-x hi
-Ri ro do bn cht ca i tng BH hoc thit
hi m nguyn nhn trc tip l chmtr
3.2- cn c vo hot ng ca BH (3)
3.2.1- Nhm 1: nhm ri ro thng thng c
BH
+Cc ri ro chnh:
-mc cn (stranding)
-m (sinking)
-chy (fire)
-m va (collision)
-nm hng xung bin (jettision)
-mt tch (missing)
3.2- cn c vo hot ng ca BH (3)
+Cc ri ro ph:
-hp hi (wetting)
-nng (heating)
-ly hi (contamination)
-ly bn (contact)
-han g (rust)
-mc cu (hook)
-rch (tear)
-v (breakage)
-chy (leakage)
3.2- cn c vo hot ng ca BH (3)
+Cc ri ro ph:
-bp, cong vnh
-mt cp (theift)
-giao thiu hoc khng giao hng
3.2- cn c vo hot ng ca BH (3)
3.2.2- Nhm 2: nhm ri ro phi BH ring
-Ri ro chin tranh (war risk): chin tranh,
hnh ng th ch, chin s, hnh ng
tng t chin tranh, khng b, tc hi ca
cc v kh chin tranh
-Ri ro nh cng (SRCC: strike, riots, civil
commotions): nh cng, cng nhn b cm
xng gy ri lon lao ng
3.2- cn c vo hot ng ca BH (3)
3.2.3- Nhm 3: nhm ri ro loi tr
-li ca ngi c BH
-ni t (inherent vice)
-n t (latent defect)
-ch tu mt kh nng v ti chnh
-tu i chch hng (deviation)
-tu khng kh nng i bin
(unseaworthiness ship)
-hao ht t nhin
-v kh ht nhn, bomnguyn t
4- Tn tht trong BH hng hi
(damage, loss, average)
L nhng thit hi mt mt h hng ca
i tng BH do cc ri ro gy nn
4.1- cn c vo mc v quy m ca tn tht
-Tn tht b phn (partial loss)
-Tn tht tan b (total loss)
4.1- cn c vo mc v quy m ca tn tht
4.1.1- Tn tht b phn (partial loss)
-Gim gi tr s dng
-Gim s trng lng
-Gim th tch
4.1- cn c vo mc v quy m ca tn tht
4.1.2-Tn tht tan b (total loss)
-Tn tht tan b thc t (actual TL)
-Tn tht tan b c tnh (constructive TL)
4.1.2.1- TT tan b thc t
-h hng trmtrng
-ch i tng b mt hay tc ot quyn s hu
4.1- cn c vo mc v quy m ca tn tht
4.1.2.2- TT tan b c tnh
-i tng b h hng cha mc TTTBTT (TT
b phn) hoc cha b tn tht
-i tng b t b mt cch hp l
T b i tng BH
4.1.2.2- TT tan b c tnh
Cc nguyn tc ca vic t b i tng BH
-vn bn (NOA notice of abandonment)
-NOA th hin tnh trng ca i tng BH
-NOA c chp nhn th khng thay i c
T b i tng BH l mt bin php cu vt
i tng BH
4.2- cn c vo tnh cht ca tn tht
4.2.1- Tn tht chung (General average - GA)
L nhng chi ph hoc hy sinh c bit c
tin hnh mt cch c v hp l nhm mc ch
cu tu, hng, cc ph thot khi mt nguy him
chung thc s i vi chng trong mt hnh trnh
chung trn bin
4.1.1- Tn tht chung (General average - GA)
c trng ca GA (5)
-Mun c GA phi c hnh ng GA
-Hy sinh, thit hi phi l bt thng v an tan
chung
-Ri ro (mi e da) phi thc s nghim trng
-Mt mt, thit hi hoc chi ph l hu qu trc
tip ca hnh ng GA
-Hnh ng phi xy ra trn bin
4.1.1- Tn tht chung (General average - GA)
Ni dung GA
-Hy sinh GA (GA sacrifices)
-Chi ph GA (GA expenditures)
4.1.1- Tn tht chung (General average - GA)
Th tc, giy t lin quan n GA
-i vi thuyn trng:
+tuyn b GA bng vn bn
+mi gim nh vin
+lm khng ngh hng hi (sea protest)
+ch nh chuyn vin phn b GA (GA
adjuster)
+gi cho ch hng: Average bond v
Average guarantee
4.1.1- Tn tht chung (General average - GA)
Th tc, giy t lin quan n GA
-i vi ch hng
+k khai gi tr hng ha (nu cn)
+nhn v in vo cc chng t
4.1.1- Tn tht chung (General average - GA)
Lut l gii quyt GA
Quy tc York-Antwerp (1864, 1877, 1950, 1974,
1990, 1994, 2004) c 2 loi iu khan:
-nh ch t A G
-nh s la m t I XXII
Phn b GA
4.1.2- Tn tht ring (Particular average)
-L thit hi, mt mt, h hng ca ring tng
quyn li BH do ri ro gy nn
-Chi ph ring (particular charges): chi ph hp l
m ngi c BH hoc i l ca h chi ra nhm
mc ch ngn nga hoc gim nh tn tht v
c ngi BH bi han ngai phm vi GA v chi
ph cu nn
II- BH hng ho chuyn ch bng ng bin
1- S cn thit
-Ri ro
-Hng XNK chuyn ch vt qua bin gii
-Ngi chuyn ch c rt nhiu min trch
-Hng chimt trng ln trong kimngch XNK
-Tp qun
-Ph BH thp, bi thng ln
II- BH hng ho chuyn ch bng ng bin
2- Cc iu kin BH
-Quy nh trch nhimca ngi BH (ri ro, tn
tht, khng gian, thi gian)
-Mu n BH ca Lloyds (SG Form The ship &
good form of Marine Insurance Policy) 1779
-Trn c s MIA, ILU a ra ICC 1963
2- Cc iu kin BH
-Trn c s MIA, ILU a ra ICC 1963
ICC1963: +FPA (free from particular average)
+WA (with average)
+AR (all risks)
+WR (war risk)
+SRCC (strikes, riots, civil commotion)
-Ra i ICC 1982: A, B, C, WR, SRCC hiu lc
1/1/1983
2- Cc iu kin BH
-Vit Nam
QTC 1965: FPA, WA, AR
QTC 1990: A, B, C
3- trch nhimv mt ri ro v tn tht
3.1- iu kin bo him C
8 trng hp BH + chi ph BH + ri ro loi tr
bi thng nhng mt mt, h hng do:
-Chy hoc n
-Tu hoc x lan b mc cn, m hoc lt p
-Tu m va nhau hoc m va phi bt k vt th g
khng k nc
-Nmhng xung bin
-Tu v hng mt tch
-D hng ti cng lnh nn
-Phng tin vn chuyn b lt hoc trt bnh
-Hy sinh GA
3- trch nhimv mt ri ro v tn tht
3.1- iu kin bo him C
bi thng cc tn tht v chi ph sau (5):
-GA v chi ph cu nn
-Chi ph d hng, lu kho bi v gi tip hng ti
cng dc ng do hu qu ca mt ri ro thuc
HBH
-Chi ph ring
-Chi ph gim nh hoc xc nh tn tht
-Phn trch nhimm ngi c BH phi chu
theo iu khan Hai tu m va nhau cng c li
Both to blame collision clause
iu khon Hai tu m va nhau cng c li

Tu A Tu B
Hng A
3000 USD 2000 USD
2000 USD
Li 1/3 Li 2/3
Thit hi
30000 USD
3- trch nhimv mt ri ro v tn tht
3.1- iu kin bo him C
Ri ro loi tr: tuyt i, tng i
Loi tr tuyt i:
-Vic lm xu, c ca ngi c BH
-Thit hi m chm tr l nguyn nhn trc tip
-Tu hoc x lan khng kh nng i bin hoc phng
tin vn chuyn, container khng thch hp vi vic
chuyn ch hng ha m ngi c BH hoc ngi lm
cng cho h bit iu vo thi imxp hng ln tu
-Ch tu mt kh nng v ti chnh
-Bao b khng y khng thch hp
-Hao ht t nhin, r chy thng thng
-Xp hng qu ti hoc sai quy nh
3- trch nhimv mt ri ro v tn tht
3.1- iu kin bo him C
Loi tr tng i:
-chin tranh, ni chin, cch mng
-nh cng, bo ng, ri lon lao ng,
-chimbt gi, kimch (tr cp bin)
-s dng v kh chin tranh c dng nng lng
nguyn t ht nhn
-khng b v ng c chnh tr
-khuyt tt vn c hoc tnh cht c bit ca
hng
-hnh ng c (tr iu kin A)
3- trch nhimv mt ri ro v tn tht
3.1- iu kin bo him B
= iu kin bo himC + thit hi, chi ph do cc
ri ro sau gy ra:
-ng t, ni la phun, st nh
-nc cun khi tu
-nc bin hoc nc sng h chy vo tu, x lan,
hmhng, phng tin vn chuyn, container hoc
ni cha hng
-tn tht tan b ca bt k mt kin hng no do
ri khi tu hoc ri khi ang xp hng ln hoc d
hng khi tu, x lan
3- trch nhimv mt ri ro v tn tht
3.1- iu kin bo him A
= iu kin bo himB + ri ro ph
ri ro loi tr ging nh B v C tr ri ro: hnh ng c
ca bt k ngi no
ri ro ph:
-Hnh ng c hoc ph hoi gy ra
-Trmcp v/hoc khng giao hng
-H hi do nc ma, nc ngt, hp hi, nng v ng
hi nc
-Va p phi hng ha khc
-G, xi ha
-V, bp, cong, vnh
-R r v/hoc thiu ht hng ha
-Dy bn do du v/hoc m
4- trch nhim ca ngi BH v mt khng gian v thi gian
iu khan t kho ti kho (from warehouse to
warehouse, transit clause)
Trch nhim ca ngi BH bt u t khi hng ha BH ri
kho hoc ni cha hng ti a im ghi trn hp ng BH,
c hiu lc trong sut qu trinh vn chuyn binh thng v
trch nhim kt thc khi hng ha giao vo kho n hoc
ht hn 60 ngy k t khi hng ha d ra ti cng n, tu
theo trng hp no xy ra trc
nh ngha kho (kho i v kho n)
-Kho i: kho cha hng ti a imghi trn HBH
-Kho n: kho cha hng cui cng ghi trn HBH
ni phn phi hng trc khi ti ni n
cui cng
ni cha hng ngoi hnh trnh vn chuyn
binh thng
-Thi gian 60 ngy
4- trch nhim ca ngi BH v mt khng gian v thi gian
trong thi hn BH, nu c chmtr ngoi kim
sot ca ngi c BH (tu chch hng, d hng
bt buc, chuyn ti, thay i hnh trnh) bo
ngi BH & np ph BH
Quy nh ca Anh ?
Hnh trnh c chng ng b v sng ?
Hnh trnh c chng ng khng ?
6- mua BH ng cho hng ha
Xem xt phm vi cc iu kin BH
Tnh cht, c im hng ha
Cch thc ng gi, loi bao b
Cch thc xp hng ln tu
Qung ng vn chuyn
Kh nng xp d
Tp qun ca cng lin quan
Phng tin vn ti
Hnh trnh vn ti
7- Hp ng BH
7.1- nh ngha
L vn bn c k gia ngi BH v ngi c BH
theo ngi BH thu ph BH do ngi c BH tr v
ngi c BH c ngi BH bi thng tn tht ca
i tng BH do cc him ha hng hi gy ra theo
mc v iu kin tha thun vi ngi BH
7.2- tnh cht (3)
-hp ng bi thng (contract of indemnity)
-hp ng tn nhim (contract of goodfaith)
-chng t c th chuyn nhng (negotiable)
7- Hp ng BH
7.3- cc loi HDBH
Hp ng BH chuyn (voyage policy)
Hp ng BH bao (open policy, open cover,
floating policy) u im?
Hp ng BH nh gi (valued policy) u
nhc im?
Hp ng BH khng nh gi (unvalued policy)
8- Gi tr BH, s tin BH, ph BH
8.1- gi tr BH (insurable value, insured value) V
V = gi tr hng (C = FOB) + cc ph (F) + ph BH
(I) + cc chi ph khc = CIF
C + F
V = --------------
1 R
C + F
V = -------------- x (1 + a)
1 R
8- Gi tr BH, s tin BH, ph BH
8.2- s tin BH (amount insured) A
A l mt phn V
V mt nguyn tc A lun nh hn hoc bng V
Nu A ln hn V ?
V d: V = 10.000 USD, A = 8.000 USD, tn tht
4.000 USD, ch hng c bi thng ?
V = 10.000 USD, A = 12.000 USD, tn
tht 4.000 USD, ch hng c bi thng ?
8- Gi tr BH, s tin BH, ph BH
8.3- ph BH (premium) I
I tnh trn c s R v V
C + F
I = R x V =R x ----------
1 - R