PHAN I

LY
THUYET

Trang 1

Chng 1: MACH LOC TCH CC

1.1 Ham truyen co ap ng phang toi a:
Con goi la ham Butterworth. Khi bac cua bo loc tang len, tan
so cat khong thay oi, nhng o doc cua bo loc tang dan en
ly tng. Khi thiet ke cac bo loc bac cao: 3, 4, 5 ta da vao bang
cac ham Butterworth a chuan hoa.
1.2 Mach loc tch cc bac nhat
a- Mach loc thong thap bac nhat: LTT1
R1

+
-

C1
R3

V2(S)

R2

Bo khuech
ai o ao
Ham truyen: H( S) =

A V0
V2 ( S)
=
V1( S) 1+ R1C1S

(1)

H(S)
AV0

0
A V 0 = 1+

(2)

1
R 2C1

C1
R2
R1

+
-

C =

R2
R3

Bo khuech ai ao

Trang 2

(3)

Ham truyen: H( S) =

(2)

1
R 2C1

(3)

b- Mach loc thong cao bac nhat

C1

H( S) =

R2

+
-

R1

Ham truyen:

(1)

R2
R1

A V0 =
C =

A V0
V2 ( S)
=
V1( S) 1+ R 2C1S

V2 ( S)
=
V1( S)

H(S)

V2(S)

A V0
1
1+
C1R1S

(1)

AV0

(2)

1
R 1C1

(3)

1.3 Mach loc tch cc bac hai

C1

a- Mach LTT2
R

V1(S)

C2

R
C2

+
-

1
C1R1

R2
R1

A V0 =
t =

1 =

V2(S)

Mach hoi tiep am mot vong

AV0 = 1

(1)
Trang 3

20 =

(2)

2
20C1

C2 =

(3)

1
R 2C1

(4)

2
0

R2

R1
V1(S)

C1
+
-

R=

1
R C1C 2
2

R3

C2

V2(S)

Mach hoi tiep am 2 vong

A V0 =
20 =

R2
R1

(1)

1
C1C 2R 2R 3

(2)

C 2 4b2 (1+ A V 0 )
=
C1
b12

Neu chon:

(3)

R2 =

b1
4f0C1

(4)

R1 =

R2
A V0

(5)

R3 =

b2
4 f C1C 2R 2

(6)

2 2
0

C2
R1

R2

C1

V1(S)

R3

V2(S)

R4

Mach LTT2 dung hoi tiep dng

Trng hp 1: AV0 = 1 (R3 = 0).
Neu chon

C2 4b2
= 2
C1
b1

(1)
Trang 4

Th R1 = R 2 =
20 =

b1
4f0C1

(2)

1
R1R 2C1C 2

(3)

Trng hp 2: R1 = R2 = R; C1 = C2 = C; AV0 1.

0 =

1
RC

A V 0 = 3 2 = 1+

(1)

R3
R4

(2)

R3
= 2 2 = 0,59
R4

(3)

b- Mach LTC2
R2
V1(S) C
1

C2

R1

+
-

R3

V2(S)

R4

Bo LTC dung hoi tiep dng

Trng hp 1: AV0 = 1 va C1 = C2 = C.
20 =

1
C R 1R 2

(1)

R1 =

2
0C

(2)

R2 =

R1
2

(3)

Trng hp 2: C1 = C2 = C; R1 = R2 = R;
0 =

1
RC

A V 0 = 1+

(1)

R3
= 3 2
R4

(2)
Trang 5

R3
= 2 2 = 0,59
R4

(3)

c- Mach LTD2:

V1(S) R1

R3

C1

+
-

C2

R2

V2(S)

Bo LTD hoi tiep am 2

vong
Xet trng hp C1 = C2 = C ta co:
f0 =

R1 + R1
1
1
=
2C R1R 2R 3 2C R'R 3

A V0 =

(1)

R
Q
= 3
R1C 0 2R1

(2)

Q=

1
1 R 3 ( R1 + R 2 )
0R 3C =
2
2
R1R 2

(3)

D=

f0
1
=
Q R 3C

(4)
H
Q

min

max

R1R 2
R1 + R 2

(5)

ieu kien: A0L > 2Q2.

R2
C2

C1

R1

+
-

R'=

Trang 6
LTD bac 2

Ham truyen: H( S) =

Z2
SC1R 2
=
Z1 (1+ SC1R1 )(1+ SC2R 2 )

(1)

H(dB)
A

f3

40d
f2 B f

f1

f1 =

1
2R 1C1

(2)

f2 =

1
2R 2C 2

(3)

f3 =

1
2C1R 2

(4)

A V 0 ( dB) = 10lg

f1
f3

Trang 7

Chng 2: KHUECH AI CONG SUAT CAO TAN

(KCSCT)
2.1Goc cat cua bo KCSCT:

iC

ib
D

Imax

C
A 0V B

Vmin
Vmax
Vm
Vm

Vb

t Im

t0
T

Hnh 2-1 Dang ac tuyen ong va gian

o thi gian cua dong ien
che o TC t
0
Goc cat tnh theo o: 0 = 1800
T

(1)

Cac thanh phan dong ien ra c tnh da theo he so phan

giai xung dong ien ra cua Transistor:
-

Thanh phan trung bnh mot chieu:

I 0 = I max .0 ( ) = I m 0 ( )

Thanh phan hai bac nhat:

I1 = I max .1 ( ) = I m1 ( )

Thanh phan hai bac n:

I n = I max .n ( ) = I m n ( )

2.2Cac mode hoat ong cua bo KCSCT lp C dung Transistor

hfe
0 =
0,707
hFE
0
1
0

3f fT
fthap
ftrungbnh
fcao
Dai tan so lam viec cua Transistor c chia lam 3 oan:

Trang 8

0,3f

f0 0,3f: tan so thap, cac tham so c coi la khong thay

oi; hfe = 0;

0,3f f0 3 f: tan so trung bnh, cac tham so cua Transistor thay

oi va xuat hien ien tr ky sinh (r bb), ien dung ky sinh
(Cbe, Cbc)
0

1+ 0

hfe

f
1+ 0
f

(3)

f0 3 f: tan so cao, cac tham so cua Transistor thay oi, xuat

hien rbb, Cbe, Cbc va cac iem cam ky sinh Lks.
= j0

= j0

(4)

f0

Trong giao trnh ien t thong tin chu yeu chung ta se

nghien cu bo KCSCT tan so thap va tan so trung bnh
va ch xet che o kem ap. (Transistor nh mot nguon
dong)
2.3Bo KCSCT dung Transistor
1. Bo KCSCT dung Transistor che o kem ap mac Emitter chung.
Cng

Rn Cng

Lch

Lch
en

In

+
VBB
-

Rn

rbe

Rb

LC

RE Cng

C*be C*M

CC

Cng

Cbc L
C
|hfe|ib

Rt1 C
C

Cac bc thiet ke bo KCSCT khi cha ke en anh hng cua

mach ghep au vao va au ra (Chu y: cac bc thiet ke
khong nhat thiet theo trnh t a ra)
0- Xac nh pham vi lam viec cua Transistor theo (2-2) e ve s o
tng ng tn hieu nho cho ung.
1- VCC = (0,5 0,8)VCEmax cho phep
2- Chon goc cat: = 600 900
3- Chon he so li dung ien ap: 1 = 0,85 0,95 = VCm1/VCC.
Trang 9

4- Xac nh bien o hai bac nhat tren Collector: VCm1 = 1VCC.

5- Xac nh cac dong ien:
I 'n =

I Cm1
*

1( )

; I n = I 'n [1+ T C b'c 1 ( ) R t1 ]

i B = I 'n cost I BO ; I 'n = I bm; I BO =

6-

C'*b = C*b'e + C*M ; C b'e =

*

C'*b =

I CO
*

; I CO =

0 ( )
I Cm1
1( )

T C b'eC b'cR t11( )

C b'e
*
; CM =
1 ( )
1( )

C b'e [1+ T C b'cR t 1( ) ]

1 ( )

ZiEC =

1
;
jC*b'

Cb*' c =Cb ' c

1 +1 ()

Neu ke ca rbe ta co: ZiEC = rbe//ZiEC

Neu rbe >> ZiEC ta co ZiEC ZiEC
Neu rbe so sanh c vi ZiEC ta co:
ZiEC =

rb'e
1+ ( rb'eC b'e0 )

rb'e

1+ 0

7- Bien o ien ap kch thch vao: Vbm1 = In|ZiEC|

8- Cong suat vao cua nguon kch thch:
Pi =

1 2
I 'n . ZiEC
2

9- Xac nh tr khang nguon tng ng

n = R nC b'e

= rb'eC b'e =

h
1
= fe
T

e dong ien au vao khong b meo th: n =

Rn =

hfe
1
=
T C b'e C b'e

Trang 10

Rn

Zn =

10-

1+ 0

Thien ap Base
*

VB VBE I 'n Zn 0 ( )
*

0,7 I 'n Zn 0 ( )

Cm1
11- ien tr tai tng ng: ZL = R t = I
Cm1

12-

Cong suat nguon cung cap: PCC = ICOVCC.

13-

Cong suat hu ch tren tai

2
1
1 2
1 VCm
1
PL = VCm1I Cm1 = I Cm1R t =
2
2
2 R t

14-

Cong suat tieu tan tren Collector: PC = PCC PL.

P

1 ()

L
1
15- Hieu suat cua mach: = P = 2 ()
CC
0

Trong thc te thng cong suat ra tren tai c biet trc nen
ta co the tnh cac bc 0 4, 13, 11, 5, . . .
2. Bo KCSCT dung Transistor che o kem ap mac Base chung.
ie
Rn

In
*

rb'e
hfe

C*be

Cbc L
C
|h*fb|ie

1
C b'e
2
0 ; C*b'e =
; ZiEC =

jC*b'e
( )
1+

Cac bc thiet ke tng t nh tren.

16. f0 =

1
L C CC

vi C C = C*b'c + C'C

Rt1 = 0Q0LC L C =

R t1
vi Q0 = 50 100
0Q 0

Trang 11

Rt1 C
C

 CC =

1
C'C = C C C b'c
4 f L C
2 2
0

Neu au vao bo KCSCT co mach cong hng L b, Cb th ta

cung xac nh tng t nh tren vi:
f0 =

1
;
R
t1 = 0Q0LC; C b =
2 2
L bC b
4 f0 L b
1

C b = C*b' + C'b vi C*b tnh theo bc 6 tren.

2.4Bo nhan tan dung Transistor

Cng

Cng

Lch

Lch
Cb

Lb

Lb

+
VBB
-

Rt1 C
b

Rb

LC

RE Cng

C*be

ib
rbe

CC

Cng

|h*fe|ib

LC

Rt2

CC

Muc ch cua bo nhan tan:

-

Nang cao tan so song mang

M rong thang tan so lam viec

Nang cao ch so ieu che trong may phat FM

Nang cao o on nh tan so v khong co hien tng hoi

tiep ky sinh qua Cbc do tan so hoat ong au vao va au ra
khac nhau.

Tan so cong hng au vao:

V = 0 =

*
vi C b'e =

1
L bC b

vi C b = C'b +C*b'e

C b'e
; R t1 = 0Q 01L b
( )

Tan so cong hng au ra:

ra = k0 =

1
L C CC

; R tn = k0Q 02L C

Goc cat toi u cua bo nhan tan dung Transistor

Trang 12

T =

180
; k: he so nhan tan cua bo nhan
k

Cac bc thiet ke cua bo nhan tan:

0- Xac nh pham vi lam viec cua Transistor theo (2-2)
1- VCC = (0,5 0,8)VCEmax cho phep

2- Chon goc cat toi u:

T =

180
k

3- Chon he so li dung ien ap:

k = 1 =0,85 0,95 = VCm1/VCC = VCmk/VCC
VCmk = kVCC
4- Xac nh xung dong hai bac k
*

I Cmk = k () .I'm = k () .I bm1

5- Xac nh cong suat hu ch tren tai ng vi hai bac k

PLk =

1
1 k ( )

I CmkVCmk =
I Cm1VCm1 = k PL1 = k PL1
2
2 1 ( )
1
1

6- ien tr cong hng tng ng cua mach ra ng vi hai bac

k:

R tk =

VCmk
VCm1

=
= 1 R t1
I Cmk k
k
I Cm1
1

7- Hieu suat cua bo nhan tan:

k =

PLk
; vi PCC = ICO.VCC
PCC

8- Do khong co hien tng hoi tiep qua Cbc nen

I n = I 'n = I bm =

I Cm1
*

1 ( )

I Cmk
*

k ( )

iB = Incost IBO vi I BO =

I CO
*

1 0 ( )
.
I Cmk
*
( )
k

9- Tr khang vao cua tang

ZiEC =

1
Cb'e
C*b' =
* ; vi
1( )
jC b'

Trang 13

Neu ke ca rbe ta co ZiEC = rbe//ZiEC (tnh nh tren)

10-

Bien o ien ap kch thch vao: Vbm1 = In|ZiEC|

11- Cong suat cua nguon kch thch:

1213-

Zn , VB , PC

Tnh mach cong hng vao:

0 =

14-

tnh nh bo KCSCT

1
L bC b

*
; vi C b = C b'e + C'b ; L b =

R t1
0Q 01

Tnh mach cong hng ra

k0 =

1
L C CC

; vi L C =

R tn
k0Q 02

Trang 14

Pi =

1 2
I n ZiEC
2

Chng 3: CAC MACH TAO DAO ONG

3.1Cac van e chung ve mach tao dao ong
-

Bo tao dao ong tan so thap, trung bnh: dung bo khuech

ai thuat toan + RC hoac dung Transistor + RC.

Bo tao dao ong tan so cao: 0,3f f0 3f dung Transistor +

LC hoac dung Transistor + thach anh

Bo tao dao ong tan so sieu cao: dung Diode Tunel, Diode
Gunn.

Cac tham so c ban cua mach dao ong: tan so dao ong,
bien o ien ap ra, o on nh tan so, cong suat ra, hieu
suat.

Trong chng 3 ta ch xet mach dao ong LC, dao ong thach anh
va ch xet ieu kien dao ong cua mach
Bo khuech ai A

V1

Bo hoi tiep
-

He so khuech ai cua bo khuech ai

*

A = A exp( j A ) =

V2
*

V1
*

+ Modul he so khuech ai: A =

V2
*

V1

+ A goc di pha cua bo khuech ai.

-

He so truyen at cua bo hoi tiep

*

= exp( jht )
*

+ Modul he so hoi tiep: =

V1
*

V2

+ B goc di pha cua bo hoi tiep

Trang 15

V2

ieu kien pha e mach dao ong: = B + B = 0,2

- ieu kien bien bo e mach dao ong:

A . 1

3.2Bo dao ong LC dung Transistor

a- Mach tao dao ong 3 iem C kieu Colpits mac EC
Lch
+VCC
Cng

R2

C
E

R1

Cbe

RE

C1
C2

Cng

L Vk
B

C
E

C1
C2

L V
k

Cbe
B

Rb = R1//R2; Rb = Rb//rbe rbe (neu Rb >> rbe)

Cac bc thiet k bo tao dao ong 3 iem C:
1- Xac nh pham vi tan so lam viec cua mach
2- Xac nh ieu kien pha
X 1 = X BE =

1
1
< 0 ; X 2 = X CE =
< 0;
C 2
C1

X3 = XCB = L > 0
3- Xac nh he so hoi tiep
=

VBE
C
1 = n
VCE
C2

(1)

Ta thng biet f0, L t o suy ra:

C t =

C1C2
1
=
4 f L C1 + C 2

(2)

2 2
0

n co the tnh theo cong thc (3-45) nhng nhieu khi khong u
d lieu e tnh

Neu mach lam viec tan so thap ta co the chon

Trang 16

n = 0,01 0,05, t o tnh C1, C2.

-

Neu mach lam viec tan so trung bnh, e mach hoat ong
o nh ta chon: C2 = 10Cbe C2 = 11Cbe roi t (2) tnh C1, thay
vao (1) tnh n

4- He so khuech ai cua s o mac EC

A = SZC =
-

h21e 2
h
p R K // 11

h11e
n2

(3)

tan so thap: h21e = hfe, h11e = hie = rbe

hfe

- tan so trung bnh:

| h21e |=

1
2
0 ; rb'e =
2f.C b'e

1+

Rk = 0LQ0 thng biet trc 0, L, Q0

p: he so ghep au ra cua Transistor vi khung cong hng

p=

VCE
VK

(4)

C1C 2
C + C2
C2
1
= 1
=
=
C1
C1 + C2 1+ n

(5)

5- ieu kien bien o e mach dao ong:

A . 1

b- Mach tao dao ong 3 iem C kieu Colpits mac BC

C1

Cng

R1

RE

C2

R2

Cbe

L V
k

+VCC

C1
C2

Cbe

Trang 17

L V
k

(6)

Gia thiet RE >> hib

-

Bc 1 va 2 lam nh tren, thng mach mac BC lam viec

tan so thap.

- Bc 3: He so hoi tiep: = VBE

VBC

C1C2
C + C2
C1
= 1
=
C2
C1 + C2

Neu mach lam viec tan so thap ta co the chon n = 0,1

0,5; t o tnh C1, C2 v Ct thng tnh c.
Neu mach lam viec tan so trung bnh, tnh nh tren

- Bc 4: A = SZC =

h21b 2
h
p R K // 11

h11b
n2

tan so thap: h21b 1, h11b = hie/hfe

tan so trung bnh:
*

| h21b |=

1
1

; h11b =
2fT C b'e
1+ 0
T

Rk tnh nh tren.
He so ghep au ra cua Transistor vi khung cong hng:
p=

VBC VBC
=
=1
VK
VBC

- Bc 5: ieu kien bien o e mach dao ong:

c- Mach tao dao ong 3 iem C kieu Clapp mac EC
Lch

+VCC
Cng

R2

C
E

R1

Cbe

RE

Cng

C1

C2

C0

C
C1
E
L Vk
Trang
C2 18C0
B

Vk

A . 1

Cac bc thiet ke tng t nh mach dao ong 3 iem C kieu

Colpits mac EC, ch khac ve Ct va he so ghep p cua
Transistor vi khung cong hng.
f0 =

1
2 LC t

vi

1
1
1
1
=
+
+
C t C1 C 2 C 0

Neu ta chon C1, C2 >> C0 th Ct Co khi o nhanh cong hng

noi tiep L, C0 se quyet nh tan so cong hng cua mach
va mach se on nh tan so hn
V

CE
t
0
- He so ghep p: p = V = C1 C
K
1

d- Mach tao dao ong 3 iem C kieu Clapp mac BC

Lch
+VCC
C
R2

Cng

RE

R1

C1

C2

C0

Vk

B
C
C1

C2

C0

E
RE

Vk

B
Cac bc thiet ke tng t nh mach dao ong 3 iem C kieu
Colpits mac BC, ch khac ve Ct va he so ghep p.
-

Khi biet f0, L ta tnh c Ct, ta se chon C0 ln hn Ct mot chut

v du: Ct = 25pF th ta chon C0 = 30pF.

- He so ghep p:

p=

VBC
C t
C + C2
=
= C t 1
C1C2
VK
C1C 2
C1 + C2

3.3Cac mach dao ong dung thach anh

a- S o tng ng cua thach anh
-

Lq, Cq, rq la L, C, r cua thach anh (rq = 0)

Trang 19

Cp: ien dung gia (Cp = 10 100pF) (Cq = 0,01 0,1pF)

Lq
Cp

rq
Cq

- Tan so cong hng noi tiep:

-

1
L qC q

(1)

Tan so cong hng song song:

p =
Lq
-

q =

C qC p

Cq + Cp

q
Cp

= q 1+

Cq + Cp

Cq

q 1+
2C p
Cp

Cq

Tr khang tng cua thach anh:

Zq = Xq = j0Lt

(3)
2

Vi L t =

1

q
2

0
Cp
C p + C q

(4)

2
0

e thay oi tan so cong hng rieng cua thach anh ta mac C S

noi tiep vi thach anh:

CS

TA

2
1 C q + C p + C S 0 L qC q ( C p + C S )
Zt =
jC S
C p + C q 20L qC qC p

(5)

khi o tan so cong hng noi tiep cua mach se la

f 'q = fq 1+

Cq

(6)

C p + CS

f 1 C q

fq
2 C p + Cs

Trang 20

 e giam anh hng cua Cp ngi ta mac tu C0 song song vi

Cq fp = fq 1+

Cq
C0 + Cq

fq neuC 0 >> C p

b- Mach tao dao ong dung thach anh vi tan so cong hng song song

Cng

Lch

R2

R1

Cng

+VCC

C1

RE

Cng

LTA

C2

C1
LtTA

C2

e mach dao ong theo kieu 3 iem C kieu Colpits, thach anh
phai tng ng nh cuon cam, ngha la: q < 0 < p
Thc te 0 p nhng e tnh toan n gian do p q ta coi
0 =

p + q

(1)

Cq

p = q 1+

2
C
p

(2)
jXq
Lt
0

Ct
Biet 0 , Cq, Cp ta tnh c q

p
Ct

- ien cam rieng cua thach anh:

-

Lq =

1
.C q

ien cam tng ng cua thach anh:

Trang 21

2
q

(3)

1

q

L t = 2
0 C p + C q 20L qC qC p

(4)

ZtTA = j0L t

C t =

(5)

CC
1
= 1 2
L t C1 + C2

(6)

2
0

Cac phan con lai tnh toan tng t nh mach dao ong 3
iem C kieu Colpits mac EC.
C1
C2

RE

TA
Mach B.C

Ap dung cac cong thc (1) (6) tren va cac cong thc
trong mach dao ong 3 iem C kieu Colpits mac BC.
Khi tu CS mac noi tiep vi thach anh no ong vai tro nh tu C 0
trong mach dao ong 3 iem C kieu Clapp. Khi tnh L t, Ct ta se
chon CS ln hn Ct mot chut, roi tnh C1, C2 nh cac mach
tren.
c- Mach tao dao ong dung thach anh vi tan so cong hng noi tiep
Trong loai mach nay thach anh
ong vai tro mach hoi tiep. Ch ung
tai tan so cong hng noi tiep cua
thach anh th Zq 0 khi o B B va
mach se hoat ong nh 3 iem C kieu
Colpits hoac Clapp va cung co the
mac EC hay BC

Z3

Z2

B
Z1

D2
R2
3.4Mach tao dao ong RC

R1
D1

n gian va thong dung nhat la mach dao ong cau Wiew

+

R
Vin

Vout
Trang 22

- Tan so dao ong:

1
RC

- ieu kien dao ong ve bien o:

Ma + =

1
nen
3
*

A =3

1
- Mat khac A = 1+ R = 3 R1 = 2R 2
2

Trang 23

A . = A .+ 1

Chng 4: IEU CHE TNG T

4.1ieu bien
a- Pho cua tn hieu ieu bien va quan he nang lng trong ieu bien.
V
0

t
Vo

VAM

V0

VAM

mV0
2
0
V(t) = Vcost

0 -

0 0 +

f
(1)

V0(t) = V0cos0t

(2)

VAM(t) = V0(1+mcost)cos0t

(3)

m=

V
(< 1)
V0

VAM ( t) = V0 cos 0t +

(4)
mV0
mV0
cos( 0 + ) t +
cos( 0 ) t
2
2

Cong suat tai tin: P0 =

V02
2R L

- Cong suat hai bien tan:

Pbt = P0

Trang 24

(6)
m2
2

(7)

- Cong suat ieu bien:

m2

PAM = P0 + Pbt = P0 1+
2

(8)

bt
- He so li dung cong suat: k = P

(9)

AM

- Cong suat ieu bien ln nhat:

PAM max = P0 (1+ m)

(10)

ay la ieu kien e chon Transistor sao cho

PAMmax < PCmax
b- ieu bien Collector
ien ap Collector bien oi theo ien ap am tan:
*

(11)

VCC = VCC + V cost

vi =

VCm1
1
VCC

e am bao Transistor khong b anh thung, phai thoa man

ieu kien: V0 + V VCE max = BVCEO

(12)

( 2) V0 + mV0 = V0 (1+ m) VCC (1+ m) 2VCC VCE maxoi vi ieu bien

th VCC 0,5VCE max

(13)

Neu au ra cua mach ieu bien la mach loc co hieu suat

CH th ieu bien Collector co cong suat nh la:
P0 (1+ m)
PC maxchophep
CH
2

P'AM max =

(14)

ay la ieu kien e chon Transistor co PCmax cho phep

e thiet ke bo ieu bien Collector ta se tien hanh theo hai
phan nh sau:

- Cho trc

PAm PAM =

PA
PAM
P 0 =
CH
m2 khi a biet P0 ta tien
1+

hanh cac bc thiet ke nh oi vi mach KCSCT (muc 23)

- Thiet ke phan ieu bien:

V = mV0 = mVCm1

- Pho cua ieu bien VAM ( t) (theo 3) va ve pho

-

Tnh cong suat hai bien tan (theo 7).

Trang 25

Tnh he so li dung cong suat k (theo 9).

Kiem tra ieu kien ien ap (theo 12)

Kiem tra ieu kien cong suat (theo 14).

4.2ieu tan va ieu pha

a- Quan he gia ieu tan va ieu pha
Dao ong ieu hoa song mang:
V0 ( t) = V0 cos( 0t + 0 ) = V0 cos( t)

Tn hieu ieu che am tan:

(1)
V ( t) = V cost

(2)

Tn hieu ieu tan

FM: VFM ( t) = V0 cos0t +

sint + 0

(3)

Trong o: ( t) = 0 + cost

(4)

Vi : lng di tan cc ai
Ch so ieu tan:

mf = k

=
;

k he so ty le

(5)

Tn hieu ieu pha PM:

Trong o: ( t) = 0 + cost

(7)

Vi : lng di pha cc ai
Ch so ieu pha: mp = kV =

(8)

vi k: he so ty le

Quan he gia o di tan va o di pha:

=

d( )
= ..sint
dt

(9)

T 3, 6, 9 ta nhan thay ch can biet tn hieu ieu tan FM se tm

c tn hieu ieu pha PM va ngc lai.
b- Pho cua tn hieu ieu tan va ieu pha
In(m)
I0

0 -
0 - 2
0
I1

I1

I2

0 0 + + 2
Trang 26 0

 Khi ch tnh cac thanh phan Im(mf) 0,01I0f) th be rong dai

tan cua tn hieu ieu tan chiem la:

D FM = 2 mf + mf + 1 max

(1)

Khi mf > 1 ta co bieu thc gan ung:

DFM 2mfmax 2

(2)

goi la ieu tan bang rong

-

Khi mf < 1 DFM 2max

(3)

Goi la ieu tan bang hep

e mf const khi tan so thay oi pha phat phai co mach preemphasis va pha thu co mach de-emphasis.
c- ieu tan bang Varicap
RD

C V = C in

+ e

CD

(1)

Cin: ien dung ban au khi e = 0

: hieu ien the tiep xuc si 0,7V

n: he so phu thuoc loai varicap n = , ,1,2.

e = Vpc + e

1 1
3 2

(2)

vi Vpc: ien ap phan cc ban au choC varicap

V
e = V cost + V0 cos0t

(3)

CV1

Vpc
Trang 27
V

CV0
CV2
0

 Trong thc te ta phai tm moi cach e giam anh hng cua

ien ap cao tan tren varicap, khi o:

Goi ien ap AC tren varicap a chuan hoa:

C V 0 = C in

+ Vpc

(4)

e = V cost

x=

e
+ Vpc

(5)

(6)

n
C V = (1+ x) C V 0

(7)

Tuy theo cach mac varicap vao khung cong hng ta co the
tnh gan ung o di tan do varicap gay ra theo ien ap ieu
che V.

CV0

C3

CV0

CV0

C4
c

a
V
fa 0,5nf0

+ Vpc

(8)

V C V 0
fb 0,5nf0

+ Vpc C V 0 + C3

(9)

V C4

f c 0,5nf 0

+ V pc CV 0 + C4

(10)

Mac Varicap n:
+VCC
Ra

LK

R2

R
Cng

RE C

R1

CV0
C

RE

LK

C
Trang
28
V0
B

Lch

VCC
V
th VRE = CC tao phan cc ngc cho varicap.
2
2
ien tr R thng c chon vai tram k. Do dong tren R bang 0
nen VR = 0V. e thiet ke mach ieu tan varicap can tien hanh 2
phan

Neu chon VCEQ =

Phan th nhat: thiet ke e mach thoa man ieu kien dao

ong ve pha va bien o (giong phan 3-2-b).

- Phan th hai: thiet ke mach ieu tan varicap. Tuy theo cach

mac varicap vao khung cong hng theo s o a, b, c ma chon

cong thc (8) hoac (9) hoac (10) e tnh V = f ( f ) .
1
CV1
4 f L

Tnh f1 = f0 - f C td1 =

Tnh f2 = f0 + f C td2 =

Ve ac tuyen CV = f(V).

2 2
1

1
CV2
4 f L
2 2
2

Mac varicap ay keo:

Lch
Cng

CV1
VR
Lch

R2

CV2

V
Cng

R1

RE

Trang 29

L
E
C2
C1

Cng

+VCC

C
C2
RE

E
C1

CV2

Lch

CV1

B
S o mac varicap ay keo triet tieu c hoan toan song cao
tan tren varicap nen cac cong thc 8, 9, 10 tren c tnh chnh
C V1C V 2
C
C
= V1 = V 2
xac hn. C V 0 =
neu C V1 = C V 2 . Ve ly thuyet
C V1 + C V 2
2
2
C V 0 (1100pF) , tren thc te gia tr hay gap C V 0 = 10 50pF; v du
C V 1 = C V 2 = 50pF C V 0 = 25pF .
Cac bc thiet ke c tien hanh nh 2 phan tren
d- On nh tan so trung tam cua tn hieu ieu tan
Cac bien phap on nh tan so trung tam f 0 c xep t n
gian en phc tap:
-

ieu tan trc tiep bang thach anh: o di tan hep, ch dung
trong phat thoai quoc te.

S dung thach anh lam bo dao ong: o di tan hep.

On nh nguon cung cap, s dung cac ien tr bu nhiet.

Ha thap tan so trung gian cua bo ieu tan e nang cao

o on nh tan so.

S dung he thong t ong ieu chnh tan so AFC-F: ch

ieu chnh tho.

- S dung he thong t ong ieu chnh tan so hon hp

AFC-F va AFC-P: AFC-F ieu chnh tho, con AFC-P ieu chnh
tinh a f 0 .

Trang 30

Chng 5: VONG GI PHA PLL

5.1Nhng u, khuyet iem cua vong gi pha PLL

u iem:
-

Kha nang lam viec tan so cao.

S oc lap ve kha nang chon loc va ieu hng tan so

trung tam.

Nhng linh kien ben ngoai t.

De dang trong viec ieu hng

Khuyet iem:
-

S thieu thon thong tin ve bien o tn hieu.

T ong ieu chnh he so khuech ai kho.

5.2S o khoi va nguyen ly hoat ong cua PLL

Vi(t) =
Visinit
Bo so
pha

Vp(t)

LTT

Vd(t)

VCO
Vo(t) = Vocos(ot
+ )

S o khoi cua PLL

Vong ieu khien pha co nhiem vu phat hien va ieu chnh

nhng sai sot ve tan so gia tn hieu vao va tn hieu ra,

ngha la PLL lam cho tan so ra 0 cua tn hieu song song bam
theo tan so vao i cua tn hieu vao.

Khi tn hieu vao a lot vao dai bat cua PLL, th tan so f 0 cua
VCO se bam theo tan so vao i .

5.3Mot so ng dung cua PLL.

-

Tach song tn hieu ieu tan.

Tach song tn hieu ieu bien.

Tong hp tan so.

Trang 31

Nhan tan so bang khoa hai PLL.

ieu che tan so (FSK) va ieu che pha (PSK).

ong bo tan so.

Bo loc bam theo thong dai hoac loc chan.

Trang 32

Chng 6: MAY PHAT

6.1nh ngha va phan loai may phat
Mot so ch tieu ky thuat c ban cua may phat:
-

Cong suat ra cua may phat.

- o on nh tan so:

f
= 103 107
f0

Ch so ieu che AM (m), ch so ieu tan FM (mf)

Dai tan so ieu che.

6.2S o khoi tong quat cua cac loai may phat

-

S o khoi tong quat cua may phat ieu bien (AM).

S o khoi tong quat cua may phat n bien (SSB).

S o khoi tong quat cua may phat ieu tan (FM).

S o khoi tong quat cua may phat FM stereo.

6.3Cac mach ghep trong may phat

Yeu cau chung oi vi cac mach ghep.
-

Phoi hp tr khang.

am bao dai thong D.

am bao he so loc hai cao.

ieu chnh mach ghep.

Cac loai mach ghep c ban.

-

Ghep bien ap.

Ghep ho cam.

Ghep hai mach cong hng.

6.4Cac mach loc c ban trong may phat

a- Mach loc n.
Ri
Vi

L
Trang
C 33 RL

 He so pham chat cua mach vao:

Qi =

X L 0L
=
Ri
Ri

(1)

He so pham chat cua mach ra:

Q0 =

RL
= 0CR L
XC

(2)

He so pham chat tng ng cua mach:

Qt =

Qi xQ0
Qi + Q0

(3)

e truyen at cong suat ln nhat va ap tuyen tan so

bang phang nhat ta co Q i = Q 0 Q t =
cua mach: 0 =

Qi
(4) vi tan so loc
2

1
(5)
LC

b- Mach loc n.
Ri

L
C1

C2

RL

Vi
Khi mach oi xng C1 = C2 =C.
Q i = Q0 =

vi

RL
R
= i
XC XC

0 =

(1)

1
L

(2)

C
2

Khi mach bat oi xng: C1 C2 ta co.

X C1 =

Ri + R
1
=
Q t
0C1

(1)

Trang 34

X C2 =

RL + R
1
=
Q t
0C 2

(2)

X L = X C1 + X C2

(3)

vi R = R i R L

(4)

Q t = Q i + Q 0

(5)

c- Mach loc oi.

Ri

L2

L1
C1

C2

C3

RL

Vi

X C1 =

R i Q t + R
Q2t 1

(1)

X C1X C3
R

(2)

R L Qt + R
Q2t 1

(3)

X C2 =

X C3 =

R = Ri RL

(4)

X L 1 = X C1 + X C2

(5)

X L 2 = X C 2 + X C3

(6)

Qi + Q0
2

(7)

Qt =

Trang 35

Chng 7: MAY THU

7.1nh ngha va phan loai may thu:
Mot so ch tieu ky thuat c ban cua may thu:
+

o nhay: bieu th kha nang thu tn hieu yeu cua may thu
ma van am bao:
-

Cong suat ra danh nh PL.

Ty so tn hieu tren nhieu (S/N).

o chon loc: la kha nang chen ep cac dang nhieu khong

A0
1
phai la tn hieu can thu: SE =
Af

Chat lng lap lai tin tc

7.2S o khoi tong quat cua may thu:

+

S o khoi tong quat mach khuech ai trc tiep.

S o khoi tong quat mach oi tan AM va FM.

S o khoi tong quat mach n bien (SSB).

7.3Mach vao may thu:

Mot so ch tieu ky thuat cua mach vao:
+

He so truyen at: A MV =

o chon loc SE =

Dai thong D (BW)

Tan oan lam viec.

V0
EA

(1)

A0
Af

(2)

a- Anh hng cua Anten hoac tang au en mach vao

g0

2
m2Ci m gi

Tan so cong hng cua mach vao:

Trang 36

0 =

1
LC

(1)

 ien dan tng ng luc cong hng:

d
1
= g0 = d00C = 0
R t
0L

vi d0 =

(2)

1
he so ton hao
Q0

(3)

Khi co anh hng cua ien dan anten:

Y = ga + j0C A

(4)

hoac ien dan cua mach vao tang khuech ai au:

Y = g i + j0C

(5)

ien dan tong ng cua mach cong hng tr thanh:

gt = g0 + m2gi

(6)

C t = C + m2C i

(7)

He so pham chat cua mach cong hng se giam t Q 0

xuong Qi theo quan he:
m2gi
d Q 0 gt
=
=
= 1+
d0 Q g0
g0

(8)

2
Neu C = m C i (9) kha nho th o sai lech tan so cong

f0
1 C
1 m2C i

hng se la:
f0
2 C
2 C

Nguyen tac xac nh he so mac mach (m)

-

Mc tang ton hao khong vt qua gii han cho phep.

S bien thien cua tham so anten va dan nap vao tang

au khong gay anh hng en ch tieu cua mach vao.

Cac mach loc nhieu lot thang (nhieu tan so trung gian)
b- Cac mach ghep anten vi mach cong hng vao
+

f < 30MHz CA = 50 250pF; rA = 20 60.

f > 30MHz CA = 10 20pF; rA = 10.

7.4Bo tron tan

Thc chat la mot tang khuech ai cao tang PF co hai tan so
vao khac nhau va au ra bo oi tan ta co vo so tan so
Trang 37

mfns nfth . V au ra bo oi tan ta at mot mach cong hng tai

tan so trung gian: ftg =fns fth

+

bang song trung va ngan: ftg = 455KHz

bang song FM: ftg =10,7MHz

7.5Tach song
a- Nhng ch tieu ky thuat c ban cua bo tach song bien o.
V

0TS

He so truyen at: A TS = V = mV
iTS
0

(1)
V

iTS
Tr khang vao cua bo tach song: ZiTS = I
iTS

Meo phi tuyen:

I 22m + I 32m + ...

I 1m

.100%

(2)

(3)

b- Tach song Diode

Tach song noi tiep: Da vao qua trnh phong nap cua tu
ta se co dang ien ap am tan a tach song tren ien
tr tai RL.

LK

CK

ieu kien e tu C loc tan so trung gian au vao:

1
<< R
C

(1)

ieu kien e RC khong gay meo tn hieu la:

RC

1 m2
m

(2)

V vay trong thc te m 1 ( m 0,7 0,8)

R
2

ien tr vao tach song: R i =

e tnh R ta da vao bang sau:

SR

20

50

100

200

1000

ATS

0,75

0,84

0,89

0,93

0,98

Trang 38

(3)

 Tach song song song t c dung do

Ri =

R
3

c- Tach song tan so

Yeu cau cua bo tach song tan so.
dV0TS
df

He so truyen at cao Smax ln: Sf =

ac tuyen truyen at phang trong mot pham vi tan so

rong.

ien ap vao khong can ln.

e V0TS = f ( f ) ma khong phu thuoc bien o ien ap

vao nen trc bo tach song tan so can co bo han
che bien o.
ac tuyen truyen at phai oi xng qua goc toa o
f ( f ) = f ( f )

Co 3 nguyen tac e thc hien tach song tan so.

-

Bien tn hieu vao FM thanh tn hieu AM, roi dung tach

song bien o e tach song thng dung IC chuyen
dung nh IC e tach song.

Bien tn hieu FM thanh tn hieu ieu che o rong xung

roi thc hien tach song tn hieu o rong xung nh mot
mach tch phan.

Lam cho tan so cua tn hieu FM bam theo tan so VCO

cua PLL, ien ap sai so chnh la ien ap can tach
song.

Trang 39

PHAN II

BAI TAP

Trang 40

Chng 1: MACH LOC TCH CC

Bai 1.3

Thiet ke bo LTT bac 2 co tan so cat tren f c = 1Khz, C1

= 0,1F, |Av0| = 1 trong hai trng hp:
1. Bo LTT co hoi tiep dng.
2. Bo LTT co hoi tiep am nhieu vong.

Bo LTT co hoi tiep dng.

C2
V1(S)

H(S) =

R1

+
-

R2
C1

V2(S)

1+ C1( R1 + R 2 ) 0S + 20C1C 2R1R 2S2

b2 =1

b1= 2

Chon:

C 2 4b2 4.1
=
=
=2
C1 b12
2

C2 = 2C1 = 2x0,1F = 0,2F

R1 = R 2 =

b1
2
=
1123

4f0C1 4.3,14.103107

Bo LTT hoi tiep am hai vong.

C1

R2
V1(S)

A v0 =

R1
C2

R3

+
-

R2
b1
= 1 R1 = R 2 =
R1
4f0C1

R1 = R 2 =

2
1122
,6
4.3,14.103107

C 2 4b2 1+ A v0
4.1.2
=
=
=4
2
C1
2
b1

C2 = 4C1 = 4x0,1F = 0,4F

Trang 41

V2(S)

R3 =

b2
2 2
4 f0 C1C 2R 2

Bai 1.7

1
557
4.10.10 10 .4.107.1122
,6
6

Thiet ke bo LTT bac 3 co tan so cat tren f c = 1Khz, C1

= 0,16F, Av0 = 3.
C
R2
C

R3
V2(S)

+
-

V1(S)

R1

R4
C

V2(S)

+
-

R5
R6

V cho moi C bang nhau nen ch co the dung bo LLT2 hoi

tiep dng 1 vong.
Theo bang Butterworth ta co: B3(S) = (S+1)(S2 + S + 1), (b22 = 1; b12
= 1).
R2 =

LTT1:
Av 0 =

1
1
=
=1K
3
C .C 6,28.10 .0,16.10 6

R2
= 3 R1 = 1 / 3R2 = 0,33 x103 = 0,33K
R1

Chon R 3 = R 4 =

LTT2:

A v0 = 1+

1
1
=
= 1K
0C 6,28.103.0,16.106

R5
R
= 3 2 = 1,59 5 = 0,59
R6
R6

Chon R6 = 1K R5 = 590.
Bai 1.8

Thiet ke bo LTT bac 4 co tan so cat tren f c = 1Khz, tat

ca cac C = 0,16F.

V tat ca cac tu ien bang nhau nen chon s o hoi tiep

dng mot vong la n gian nhat. Khi o ta cung chon cac R bang
nhau.

V1(S) R2
1

R2
C1

+
-

C4
R
3

R5

R6
C3

+
-

R
7

Trang 42

V2(S)

B4(S) = (S2 + 0,765S + 1)(S2 + 1,848S + 1)

Mat loc 1:
b21 = 1; b11 = 0,765
C1 = C2 = C3 = C4 = 0,16F
R1 = R 2 = R 5 = R 6 =
A v01 = 3 0,765= 1+

1
1
=
= 1K
3
0C 6,28.10 .0,16.106

R3
R
3 = 1,235
R4
R4

Chon R4 = 1K R3 = 1235.
Mat loc 2:
A v02 = 3 1,848= 1+

R7
R
7 = 0,152
R8
R8

Chon R8 = 1K R7 = 0,152. R8 = 152.

Thiet ke bo loc thong dai LTD bac 2 co tan so cong
hng f0 = 10Khz; D = 2000Hz; Av0 = 10; C1 = C2 = 0,1F.

C2

C1

V1(S) R1

R3
+
-

Bai 1.5

R2

Q0 =

f0
104
=
=5
D 2.103

R3 =

1
1
=
= 1,6K
DC 3,14.2.103.107

R1 =

R' =

V2(S)

R3
1,6.103
=
= 80
2A V 0
20

1
20.R 3.C 2

R1R 2
1
100
=
16 =
R2 = 20.
3
14
6,4
R1 + R 2
4 .10 .1,6.10 .10
2

Bai 1.11 Thiet ke bo LTD bac 2 co F = 1000 3000Hz; A0(dB) = 10dB;

C1 = 0,1F f1 = 1000Hz; f2 = 3000Hz.
Trang 43

H(dB)
1
0
1000

3000

C2
R2

R1 =

R1

+
-

V1(S) C
1

V2(S)

1
0,16
= 3 7 = 1,6K
2f1C1 10 .10

A V 0 = 10lg
f3 =

f1
f
= 10dB 1 = 10
f3
f3

f1 1000
=
= 100Hz
10 10

R2 =

1
1
=
= 16K
2f3C1 6,28.102.10 7

C2 =

1
1
0,16
=
=
= 3,3nF
2f2R 2 6,28.3.103.16.103 3.16.106

Trang 44

Chng 2:
KHUECH AI CONG SUAT CAO TAN
I. Khuech ai cong suat cao tan: (KCSCT)
Cng
Bai 2.2
Rn Cng
Lch
Lch
LC
+
Rb
VCC
+
en
Cng
VBB
-

CC

PL = 0,1W;

f0 = 10MHz;

Q0 = 50;

fT = 3500MHz;

hfe = 100;

Cbe = 10-9F;

Cbc = 1pF;

PCmax = 2W;

VCEmax = 40v;

maxiC = 1A;

= 900;

1. f =

Rn = 1K.

fT
3500.106
=
= 35MHz f 0 = 10 MHz < 0,3. f = 10,5MHz suy ra s o lam
h fe
100

viec tan so thap, ta co s o tng ng sau:

Rn

ib
LC
100ib

hie

en

Rt

CC

2. Chon VCC = 0,5VCEmax = 0,5x40 = 20V

3. Chon = 0,9.
4. Vcm1 = .VCC = 0,9x20 = 18V.
5. I Cm1 =

2PL
2x0,1
=
= 0,011A = 11mA << maxi C = 1A
VCm1
18

6. ien tr cong hng tng ng:

R t =

7. L C =

8. C C =

VCm1
18
=
= 1636
I Cm1 0,011
R t
1,636.103
=
= 0,521
H
2f0Q 0 6,28.107.50
1
42f02L

1
4x9,86.1014.0,521.106

108
= 486,6pF
20,55

Trang 45

9. I n = I bm =

I Cm1
0,011
=
= 22.105 A
1(). 0,5.100

10.
0,634V

VBB = VBEO In.Zn.0( - ) = 0,7 22.10-5.103.0,3 =

11.

ICO = 0()..Ibm = 0,3x100x22.10-5 = 6,6mA

12.

hie =1,4h fe

13.

Neu Rn = 1K th Zi = Rn//hie = 103//530 = 346

14.

Bien o ien ap kch thch:

25.10 3
25.10 3
=1,4.100.
530
I CO
6,6.10 3

Vbm = Ibm.Zi = 22.10-5x346 = 76mV

15.

PCC = ICO.VCC = 6,6.10-3x20 = 0,132W.

16.

Hieu suat: =

PL
0,1
=
= 75%
PCC 0,132

Bai 2.1: Gia thiet giong bai 2.2, ch khac fT = 350MHz

1. f =

fT
350.106
=
= 3,5MHz; f 0 = 10 MHz < 3 f = 10,5MHz
h fe
100

suy ra mach hoat ong tan so trung bnh co cac CKS.

Rn
ib
. .
rbe
L
Rt CC
Cbe C-M
|hfe|ib C
e
n

Cac bc 2 8 giong het nh tren

9. He so khuech ai dong ien dai tan so trung bnh:
.

hfe

= hfe =

1+ 0

100
2.107

1+
6
2.3,5.10

100
33
3,027

I Cm1
0,011
=
= 0,67mA
1( ). 0,5x33

10.

I 'n =

11.

e dong vao Base khong b meo phai thoa man ieu kien:
n = =
Rn =
.

Zn =

12.

In

1
= R n .C b'e

1
1
103
=
=
= 45,5
2f .C b'c
21,98
6,28.3,5.106.109

Rn

1+ 0

45,5
2.107

1+
6
2.3,5.10

45,5
15
3,027

= In[1 + TCbc.1().ZL]
Trang 46

= 0,67.10-3[1 + 6,28.108.3,5.10-12.0,5.1,64.103]
= 0,67.10-3[1 + 1,8] = 1,88mA
.

13.

Vnm = Zn .I n =15.1,88.103 =18,2mV

14.

VBB =VB'EO I 'n Zn 0 () =0,7 0,63.103.15.0,5 =0,7V

15.

ZiEC =

1( )
0,5
=
= j2,86
jC b'e [1+ T C b'cZL 1()] j.6,28.107.109.2,8
1
== j2,86
jC'b'
1
C'b' =
= 5,55nF
6,28.107.2,86

Mat khac: ZiEC =

Chu y: Cb = Cbe + CM (khac vi ien t 2 la co them goc

cat)
16.

Y OEC = jC b'c 1+ .1() = j.6,28.107.1012[1+33.0,5] j110

.105

ZOEC =

17.

1
Y OEC

1
3

j.10

j.103

I CO =0 ..I 'n =0,32x33x67.105 7.103 A =7mA

18.

PCC = ICO.VCC = 7.10-3.20 = 134mW = 0,134W

P
0,1
= L =
= 74,6%
19.
PCC 0,134
Bai 2.8:
Giong bai 2.1, ch khac au vao khung cong hng
ch c ghep mot phan vao au vao e giam anh
hng cua ien dung ky sinh va giam anh hng cua rbe.

Lb

Cb =

Cb.a2 r
be

Cb

a2

gmVbe

LC

RtC

CC

Cac bc t 1 10 giong bai 2.2, nhng cach tnh mach vao

khac v au vao co khung cong hng.
Cac bc t 15 19 giong bai 2.2.
Nh tren ta co: Cb = 5,55nF, khi o ien dung au vao:
Cb = Cb + a2Cb = Cb + (1/25)5,55.10-9 = Cb + 222.10-12.
Coi he so pham chat cua khung cong hng au vao va
au ra giong nhau: Q01 = Q02 = 50.
Lb =

Rtb

R t1
1624
1624
.108
=
=
= 0,517H
0Q 01 2.107.50
31,4
1
42f02L b

1
4.9,86.1014.0,517.106

108
= 510pF
20,39

Khi o ien dung can mac au vao:

Cb = Cb a2Cb = 510pF 222pF = 288pF.
Tr khang vao:
r
Zi = R tb // b2'e = 1636// 25rb'e
a
.

rb'e = 1,4. hfe

25.103
25.103
=
1
,
4
.
33
..
= 165
7.103
7.103

Trang 47

Suy ra: Zi = 1636//4125 = 1171,4

He so pham chat cua mach au vao:
Qi = 0RiCb = 6,28.107.1171,4.510.10-12 = 37,5
Neu au vao mac trc tiep vao Base, khi o ien dung ky
sinh rat ln (Cb = 5,55nF) >> Cb, nen mach lam viec khong on
nh va khi o Zi rat nho (Zi = Rtb//rbe = 150) nen Qi = 0RiCb =
6,28.107.150.510.10-12 = 4,8 << Q01 = 50)
Do tr khang vao cua Transistor rat nho, nen cach mac nh
bai 2.8 c s dung rat nhieu. Mat khac tang KCSCT la tang
cuoi cung nen ng trc no se la tang tien KCSCT, ngha
la Lb, Cb cua tang KCSCT chnh la LC, CC cua tang tien KCSCT
trc o.

I. Mach nhan tan

Bai 2.5

Lb

f =

Cb

Lch

Lch
+
VBB
-

Rb

+
VCC
-

CC

LC
Cng

fT
3500.106
=
= 35MHz; f 0 = 10 MHz < 0,3 f = 10,5MHz Suy ra mach hoat
h fe
100

ong tan so thap:

Lb

Rt1

Cb

rbe

1. Chon goc cat toi u: =

gmVbe

LC

1800
= 900
2

Rt2

CC

2. Chon nguon cung cap: VCC = 0,5VCEmax = 0,5x40 = 20V

3. Chon 1 = 2 = 0,9
Suy ra VCm1 = VCm2 = xVCC = 0,9x20 = 18V.
4. Cong suat ra cua bai 2.1 la cong suat hai bac nhat. Do o
cong suat ra do hai bac 2 gay ra se la:
()
()
0,212
PL 2 = 2 .PL 1 = 2 .PL 1 =
x0,1 = 0,042W
1()
1()
0,5
5. Dong ien hai bac hai:
2PL 2 2x0,0424
I Cm2 =
=
= 4,7mA
VCm2
18
6. ien tr tng ng cua mach cong hng ra:
V
18
R t2 = Cm2 =
= 3830
I Cm2 4,7.103
7. Neu coi gia thiet cua bai 2.1 trong o Q 0 la he so cham chat
cua khung cong hng au ra: Q02 =50 ta co:
LC =

R t2
3830
383.107
=
=
= 0,61H
20Q 02 2.6,28.107.50
62,8

Trang 48

8. C C =

( 20 ) 2.L C

1
108
=
= 104pF
4.4.9,86.1014.0,61.106 96,23

2
0,212
.1 =
.0,75= 0,318 32%
1
0,5
( )
0,318
= 0
.I Cm 2 =
x 4,7.10 3 = 7,05mA
2 ( )
0,212

9. Hieu suat bo nhan: 2 =

10.

tan so thap: I CO

11.

rb'e = hie = 1,4.hfe .

12.

tan so thap: I 'n = I bm1 =

13.

Bien o ien ap kch thch au vao:

25.103
25.103
= 1,4.100.
= 496 500
I CO
7,05.103

I Cm2

( )

2 900 .hfe

4,7.103
= 22.105 A
0,212.100

V bm1 = I bm1.Zi = I bm1( R t1 // rb'e ) = 22.105 (1636// 500)

= 0,08425
V 84mV

2 ()
0,212
.R t2 =
x3830= 1624
1()
0,5
15. Coi mach cong hng au vao va au ra co he so pham
chat rieng bang nhau: Q01 = Q02 = 50. Thc te khi co rbe th he so
pham chat Q01 < Q01.

14.

R t1 =

16.

Lb =

17.

Cb =

R t1
1624
1624
.108
=
=
= 0,517F
0Q 01 2.107.50
31,4
1
42f02L b

1
4x9,86.1014.0,517.106

108
= 510pF
20,39

Bai 2.4
1.

f =

fT
350.106
=
= 3,5MHz; f 0 = 10 MHz < 3 f = 10,5MHz Suy
h fe
100

ra

mach

ong tan so trung bnh:

Rt1

Lb

Cb

rbe

Cb

gmVbe

LC

Rt2

CC

Cac bc 2 en 11 giong nh bai 2.5.

12. tan so trung bnh:
*

h fe =

h fe

1 + 0

*

13. rb'e = 1,4. hfe .

14.

'
I bm
=

100
2 .107

1 +
6
2 .3,5.10

100
33
3,027

25.103
25.103
= 1,4.33.
= 163,8 164
I CO
7,05.103

I Cm 2

2 (900 ) h fe
*

4,7.10 3
4,7.10 3

0,03mA
0,212.33
155,7

15.Vbm1 = Ibm1.Zi = Ibm1. (Rt1//rbe) = 3.10-5(1636//164) = 4,47mV.

Cac bc 15, 16, 17, 18 nh tren ch chu y: Cb = Cbmac + Cb*

Trang 49

hoat

20.Trong mach nhan tan do tan so cong hng au vao (0) va

au ra (20) khac nhau, nen khong co anh hng cua C M*. Khi
o ta co: C *b' =

C b'e
109
=
= 2.109 F
1( )
0,5

Ta thay Cb* = 2000p >> Cb = 510pF. Do o mach nay lam viec

khong on nh, ta phai cai tien mach nh bai 2.9
Bai 2.9:

Lb

Rt1

Cb

Cb.a2

rbe
a2

gmVbe

LC

Rt2

CC VL

Cac bc t 1 den 14 giong het nh bai 2.4

15.Vbm1 = Ibm1.Zi = Ibm1. (Rt1//(rbe/a2) = 3.10-5(1636//4100) = 0,035mV =
35mV.
Cac bc 16, 17, 18 giong bai 2.5
20. C*b' =

C b'e
109
=
= 2.109 F
1( )
0,5

suy ra a2.C *b' =

2.109
= 80pF
25

21.Khi o ien dung Cb = Cb Cb* = 510pF 80pF = 430pF.

Trang 50

Chng 3: BO DAO ONG

I. Dao ong ba iem ien dung
Bai 3.2: Mach dao ong fthap.
f0 = 10MHz,
Q0 = 100,
L = 1H,
rbe = 500,
fT = 3500MHz,
hfe = 100,
Cbe = 1000pF, PCmax = 4W,
VCE0max = 40V,
maxiC = 1A,
CCE = 5pF.
Lch

+VCC
Cb

R2

R1

C1
E
C2
RE

L V
K

CE

Cac mach dao ong lam viec che o lp A nen tnh toan
mach phan cc giong nh trong mon ien T I. Trong thc te: I EQ =
15mA va RE = 102103 (sinh vien t chon).
V du: Chon IEQ = 5mA; RE = 103; VCC = 10V.
VRE = RE.IEQ = 103.5.10-3 = 5V
Suy ra VCEQ = VCC VRE = 5V
VBB 0,7 + RE.ICQ = 5,7V;
Rb = (1/10).hfe.RE = 10K;
VCC
10
R1 = R b
= 104
= 23,26K
VCC VBB
10 5,7
V
10
R 2 = R b CC = 104
= 40,8K
VBB
5,7
hie = hfe

25.103
25.103
= 100
= 500
I EQ
5.103

1. ay la mach dao ong 3 iem ien dung nen thoa man ieu
kien can bang pha v: X 1 =
2. f =

1
1
; X2 =
; X3 = L.
C 2
C1

fT
3500
.106
=
= 35MHz ;
hfe
100

f0 = 10MHz < 0,3.f = 10,5MHz

S o lam viec tan so thap

C
Cce
Rb=R1//R2

C1

CTrang
51 C2
be
B

3. He so hoi tiep: =

VBE
C
= 1 = n
VCE
C2

n co the chon theo kinh nghiem: n = 0,010,05 (E.C) va n = 0,10,5

(B.C) hoac tnh theo cong thc.
Chon n = 0,01 C2 = 100C1.
4. ien dung tng ng cua khung cong hng:
C t =

1
42f02L

1
4.9,86.1014.106

108
= 253,5pF
39,44

C1C 2
C .100C1
= 1
= 253,5pF
C1 + C 2 C1 + 100C1
100C1 = 25,35nF = C 2
C1 = 253,5pF
5. He so khuech ai cua s mac E.C:
h21e 2
h
A = SZC =
p R K // 11

h11e
n2
C t =

h21e = hfe = 100; h11e = rbe = 500; Zifa =

h11
2

500
= 5M
10 4

n
6. RK = 0LQ0 = 6,28.10 .10 .100 = 6,28K.
7. He so ghep Transistor vi khung cong hng:
C1C 2
V
C + C2
C2
1
1
p = CE = 1
=
=
=
= 0,99
VK
C1
C1 + C 2 1+ n 1+ 0,01
7

8. A =

-6

100
( 0,99) 2.6,28.103 // 5.106 1.6,155.103 = 1,23.103
500
5

9. ieu kien bien o e mach t kch:

*
*
*
| A | . | |=| A | .n =1,23.103.0,01=12,3 >>1;
Suy ra mach dao ong
Bai 3.1: Mach dao ong tan so trung bnh
1. Bc 1: nh tren.
2. f =

fT
350.106
=
= 3,5MHz
hfe
100

f0 = 10MHz < 3.f = 10,5MHz

Suy ra s o lam viec tan so trung bnh (co cac ien dung
ky sinh)
3. He so hoi tiep co the chon nh tren, khi o C 1, C2 giong het
bai 3.2. Nhng e mach hoat ong on nh ta co the chon C 2 =
10Cbe = 10.10-9 = 10-8F = 10nF, suy ra C2 = 9nF.
4. Nh tren ta co: Ct = 253,5pF
C1C 2
C .108
C t =
= 1
= 253,5pF
C1 + C 2 C1 + 108
C1.108 = C1.253,5.1012 + 253,5.1020

Trang 52

108 C1 1 253,4.104 = 253,5.1020

0,97465
.C1 = 253,5.1012
C1 260pF C1' = 255pF

Chu y: C1 = C1 + CCE va C2 = C2 + Cbe trong o C1 va C2 mac

ben ngoai, con CCE va Cbe la cac tu ien ky sinh.
Khi o: n =

C1 260.1012
=
= 0,026
C2
108

*
*

| h21 | 2
| h11 |
5. A = SZC = * p R K // 2
n
| h11 |

tan so trung bnh ta co:

h fe

| h21 |=

1 + 0

| h11 |= rb'e =

Zifa=

2 .10 7

1 +
6
2 .3,5.10

45,5

( 0,026)

= 33

45,5
= 67,3K
6,76.104

6. Nh tren RK = 6,28K.
VCE
1
1
=
=
= 0,975
7. p =
VK
1+ n 1+ 0,026
33

1
1
103
=
=
= 45,5
2f .C b'e
21,98
6,28.3,5.106.109

| h11 |

100

2
3
3
8. A = 45,5 ( 0,975) .6,28.10 // 67,3.10
= ( 0,725)[5,97K // 67,3K ] = ( 0,725).5,48.103

= 3,975.103 = 3975

9. ieu kien bien o e mach t kch:

*

| A |. | | =| A |.n = 3975
x0,026=103
,35>>1

Suy ra mach dao ong.

Dao ong 3 iem ien dung kieu Clapp

Bai 3.3: Mach dao ong tan so trung bnh:
C

C1

CCE
E

C2

Cbe
Trang 53
B

L VK
C0

Bc 2, 3 giong nh bai 3.1 tren

1
1
1
1
=
+
+
C t C1 C 2 C 0

4. Nh bai tren ta co Ct = 253,5pF nhng

Chon C0 = 270pF e C0 quyet nh f0 trong mach

1
1
C + C2
1
1
C Ct
16,5.1012
+
= 1
=

= 0
=
= 2,41.108
24
C1 C 2
C1.C2
Ct C0
C0 .Ct
68445.10
C1 + 108 = C1.108.2,41.108 C1 + 108 = 2,41C1
C1 = 7,1nF

Khi o: n =

C1 7,1.109
=
= 0,71
C 2 10.109

5. Giong bai 3.1 ch khac:

Zifa=

h11
2

45,5

( 0,71)

45,5
= 90,3
0,504

6. Nh tren: RK = 6,28K
7. p =

VCE C t 253,5.1012 0,2535

=
=
=
= 0,0357
VK
C1
7,1
7,1.109

33

2
3
8. A = 45,5 ( 0,0357) .6,28.10 // 90,3 = ( 0,725)[8// 90,3] = 5,33
9. ieu kien bien e mach t kch:
*

| A |. | | =| A |.n = 5,33x0,71= 3,78> 1

Suy ra mach dao ong

10.Chu y:
C2 = C2 Cbe = 10-8 10-9 = 9nF;
C1 = C1 CCE = 7,095nF
Bai 3.4: Mach dao ong tan so cao.Cho L= 0.01uH
1. Mach thoa ieu kien pha ve dao ong nh tren
2. f =

fT
350.106
=
= 3,5MHz
hfe
100

f0 = 100MHz > 3f = 10,5MHz

Vay mach hoat ong tan so cao. Ta khong the tnh cac L k sinh,
v vay phai dung s o dao ong mac Base chung.
f = fT = 350MHz f0 = 100MHz < 0,3f = 105MHz
Suy ra s o hoat ong tan so thap (khong can tnh Ck sinh)
Lch
+VCC
C1

VK

E
RE
Cb

R1

R2

C2

C0
B

+VCC

3. V s o lam viec tan so thap nen he so hoi tiep co the

chon nh bai 3.2. ay la s o B.C nen chon n = 0,1.
C1.C 2
V
C + C2
C1
= BE = 1
=
= 0,1
VBC
C2
C1 + C 2
Trang 54

4. Giong bai 3.3 ta co Ct = 253,5pF; chon C0 = 270pF va ta se co:

C1 + C 2
1
1
= 2,41.108 =
=
C 2 = 41,4nF
C1.C 2
n.C 2 0,1C 2
C1 = 0,1C1 + 0,1C2 = 0,1C1 + 4,14.10-9
0,9C1 = 4,14nF
C1 = 4,6nF.
5. He so khuech ai cua s o mac B.C.
h
h
A = SZC = 21b p2R K // 112b
h11b
n
h21b hfb 1;
h
500
h11b = ie =
= 5
hfe 100
Zifa=

h11b
2

( 0,1) 2

= 500

6. Nh tren: RK = 0LQ0 = 6,28.108.10-6.100 = 62,8K

V
Ct
253,5.1012 253,5.1012
p = CB =
=
=
= 61.103
C1C2
1
7.
VK
4,15.109
C1 + C2
2, 41.108
8. A =

1
3721
.106.62,8.103 // 500 = 0,2[ 234// 500] = 31,88
5

9. ieu kien bien o e mach dao ong t kch:

*

| A |. | | =| A |.n = 31,88x0,1 = 3,188>1

Suy ra mach dao ong.

II.

Dao ong thach anh:

Bai 3.6:
Mach dao ong tan so thap kieu Colpits
Chu y gia thiet giong bai 3.2 nhng cha biet L.

Cng

Lch

+VCC

Cb

C
C1
RE

Ce
C2

B
1. ieu kien pha: e mach dao ong theo kieu 3 iem C Colpits,
thach anh phai tng ng nh cuon cam, ngha la: fq < f0 < fp.
e n gian ta coi f0 nam gia fq va fp:
f/2
f/2
fq
Mach Colpits E.C

f0

fp

Trang 55

13

Cq

= fq 1+ 10
= 1,005fq
fp = fq 1+

2C p
2.1011

fq + f p

Mat khac: f0 =

fq + 1,005fq
2

= 1,0025
fq

f0
107
=
= 9,975MHz
1,0025 1,0025
fp =1,005fq =10,025MHz

Suy ra: fq =

2. f =

fT
3500
.106
=
= 35MHz
hfe
100

f0 = 10MHz < 0,3f = 10,5MHz

Suy ra s o lam viec tan so thap.
3. ien cam rieng cua thach anh:
Lq =

(2fq )

.C q

1
10
=
= 2,55mH
12
13
3924
4.9,86.99,5.10 .10

4. Tr khang tng tng cua thach anh tai tan so f0: Zt = j0Lt
nen: L t =

20L qC q 1

20 C p + C q 20L qC qC p

2 2
14
13
2
.2,55.103 = 1,00572
0L qC q = 4 f0 C qL q = 4.9,86.10 .10

L t =
=

1,00572 1
4.9,86.10 10 + 1013 1,00572
.1011

14

11

572.105
= 33,89H 34H
39,44.1014.0,428.1013

C1C 2
1
1
= 2 2
=
= 7,5pF
C1 + C 2 4 f0 L t 4.9,86.1014.34.106
6. Chon he so hoi tiep: n= 0,01.
V
C
= BE = 1 = n
VCE
C2
Suy ra C1 = 0,01C2 hoac C2 = 100C1.
C1.100C1
= 7,5pF 100C1 = 757,5pF
Suy ra: C t =
C1 + 100C1
Vay C2 = 100C1 75,75nF va C1 7,75pF
7. He so khuech ai cua s o mac E.C

5. C t =

*
*

| h21e | 2
| h11 |
A = SZC = *
p R K // 2

n
| h11e |

h21e = hfe = 100; h11e = rbe = 500.

h
500
Zifa= 11
= 4 = 5M
2
n
10
8. RK = 0LtQ0 = 6,28.107.9,226.10-7.100
Suy ra RK = 57,94.100 = 5794
VCE
C2
1
1
=
=
=
= 0,99
9. p =
VK
C1 + C 2 1+ n 1+ 0,01
10.

A=

100
( 0,99) 2.5794.103 // 5M 0,2.5678= 1135
500

Trang 56

11.

ieu kien bien o e mach t kch:

*

| A |. | | =| A |.n =1135
x0,01=11,35>1

Suy ra mach dao ong.

Bai 3.5: Mach lam viec ftrung bnh mac kieu Clapp.
C
1. ieu kien pha: tnh nh tren, nhng lu y
khong nhng thach anh phai tng nh
cuon cam, ma thach anh cung C S cung
phai tng ng nh cuon cam ngha la:
q < q < 0 < p.
CS=C0
fq = 9,975MHz va fp = 10,025MHz
VK

C1
E
C2
B
2. f =

fT
350.106
=
= 3,5MHz
hfe
100

f0 = 10MHz < 3f = 10,5MHz

Suy ra s o lam viec tan so trung bnh phai ke ca CKS.
Cac bc 3, 4, 5 nh tren: Lq = 2,55mH; Lt = 34H va Ct = 7,5pF =
C1 noi tiep C2 noi tiep CS.
6. e CS quyet nh tan so cong hng trong mach ta chon CS <<
C1 va CS << C2. Chon CS = 10pF, khi o:

C C t (10 7,5) .1012

1
1
1
1
+
=

= S
=
= 9,972MHz Vay q = 9,972MHz <
C1 C 2 C t C S
C t.C S
75.1020

q = 9,975MHz
Suy ra TA + CS tng ng.
7. He so hoi tiep: co the chon n = 0,1 do mach Clapp.
V
C
= BE = 1 = n
VCE
C2
Suy ra C1 = 0,1C2 hoac C2 = 10C1.
C1 + C 2 C1 + 100C1
=
= 0,03.108 11= 0,033.109 C1
Suy ra:
C1C 2
C1.100C1
C1 =

11
= 3,33.109 = 3,33nF C 2 = 10C1 = 33,3nF
9
0,033.10

C1 = C1 CCE = 3325pF; C2 = C2 Cbe = 32,3nF

8. He so khuech ai cua s o mac E.C
*
*

| h21 | 2
| h11 |
A = SZC = *
p R K // 2

n
| h11 |

*
hfe
100
| h21 |=
=
= 33
2
2
2
2.107

1+
1+
6

2

.
3
,
5
.
10

| h11 |= rb'e =

1
1
103
=
=
= 45,5
2f .C b'e
21,98
6,28.3,5.106.109

Zifa=

| h11 |
2

45,5
102

= 4550

9. ien tr cong hng tng ng nh bai 3.6: Rk = 5794.

Trang 57

p=

VCE
C t
( C + C2 )
=
= C tx 1
C1C 2
VK
C1.C 2
C1 + C 2

= 275.1012.3,03.108 = 0,0833
33

) 2 x5794// 455.103 29,1

10. A = 45,5 ( 0,0833
11.ieu kien bien o e mach t kch:
*

| A |. | | =| A |.n = 29,1x0,1 = 2,91>>1

Suy ra mach dao ong.

III. Dao ong RC
Bai 3.8: Dao ong cau

VL
R1

e mach dao ong: + =

R2

R2
2
=
R1 + R 2 3

3R2 = 2R1 + 2R2

R2 = 2R1
Chon R1 = 1K, th R2 = 2K.
C=

1
1
=
= 0,16.106 = 0,16F
0R 6,28.103.103

Bai 3.7: Dao ong cau Vien

R2

R1

+
R
Vin

Trang 58

e mach dao ong: =

R2
1
=
R1 = 2R 2
3 R1 + R 2

Chon R2 = 1K R1 = 2K.
C=

1
1
=
= 0,16.106 = 0,16F
3
3
0R 6,28.10 .10

Trang 59

Chng 4: IEU CHE TNG T

I. ieu bien Collector
Bai 4.4:

Cng
Lch

LC

CC

V
+VCC
PL = 100mW; f0 = 1MHz; f = 10KHz;
Q0 = 50; m = 0,5; = 900.
Tran sistor nh bai 2-1.
1. f =

2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

fT
350.106
=
= 3,5MHz
hfe
100

f0 = 1MHz < 0,3f = 1,05MHz

Suy ra s o hoat ong tan so thap.
Chon nguon cung cap VCC = 0,5VCEmax = 0,5x40 = 20V.
Chon he so li dung ien ap = 0,9.
Bien o trung bnh thanh phan hai bac nhat: V Cm1 = V0 = VCC =
18V.
khi o V0 = 18cos(2.106t)
2P
P
2
2
0,1
I Cm1 = 0 =
x AM 2 = x
= 9,88mA
0,25
VCm1 VCm1
18
m
1+
1+
2
2
ien tr cong hng tng ng:
V
18
R t = Cm1 =
= 1822
()
I Cm1 9,88.103

7. L C =

R t
1,822.103
1822
=
=
= 58.107 = 5,8H
6
7
2f0Q 0 6,28.10 .50 31,4.10

1
1
106
=
=
= 4,37nF
42f02L C 4.9,86.1012.5,8.106 228,75
9. Bien o dong kch thch vao:
I Cm1
9,88.103
I bm =
=
= 19,76.105 A 0,2mA
1().hfe
0,5.100

8. C C =

10.
11.

I CO = 0 ()..I bm = 0,3x100x2.104 = 6mA

Tr khang vao cua Transistor

Zi = rb'e = 1,4.hfe

25.103
25.103
= 1,4.100.
= 583
I CQ
6.103

12. Bien o ien ap kch thch:

Vbm = Zi.Ibm = 583.0,2.10-3 = 116mV
13. PCC = ICO.VCC = 6.10-3.20 = 120mW
PL
0,1
=
= 70%
14. =
PCC 0,12
15. Bien o ien ap am tan: V = mV0 = 0,5x18 = 9V
Trang 60

 khi o: V(t) = 9cos(2.104t)

16. Pho cua tn hieu AM
mV0
mV0
cos(0 + )t +
cos(0 )t
2
2
= 18cos(2.106 t) + 4,5cos2(106 + 104 )t + 4,5cos2(106 104 )t

VAM = V0 cos0t +

VAM
18

4,5
0

106106
4
V
(18) 10
=
=
89mW
2R L 2.1,82.103
2
0

17.

P0

18.

Pbt = P0 .

19.

k=

106+1
04

m2
(0,5)2
= 89.103
= 11,125mW
2
2

Pbt
1
1
=
= = 0,11
2
PAM
+1 9
2
m

20. Kiem tra: V0 + V = 18 + 9 = 27V < BVCEO = 40V

PAMmax = P0(1 + m)2 = 89.10-3(1 + 0,5)2 = 200mW < PCmax.
Bai 4.5:
Vtt = 10cos2.106t; V = 7cos2.104t; RL = 1K.
1. Giong nh bai 4-4: f0 = 1MHz < 0,3f = 1,05MHz
Suy ra s o hoat ong tan so thap.
2. He so ieu che: m =
3. Chon = 0,9 VCC =

V
7
=
= 0,7
V0 10

VCm1
10
=
= 11,11V

0,9

4. Pho cua tn hieu ieu bien:

mV0
mV0
cos(0 + )t +
cos(0 )t
2
2
= 10cos(2.106 t) + 3,5cos2(106 + 104 )t + 3,5cos2(106 104 )t

VAM (t) = V0 cos0t +

VAM
10

5. P0 =

3,5
0
2

2 6
106
V0
(10)10
=
=
450mW
2R L
2.0310

6. Pbt = P0 .

106+1
04

m2
0,49
= 5.102
= 12,25mW
2
2

7. Cong suat ieu bien:

PAM = P0 + Pbt = 50 + 12,25 = 62,25mW
8. PAMmax = P0(1 + m)2 = 5.10-2(1 + 0,7)2 = 144,5mW < PCmax.
Trang 61

k=

9.
10.
11.
12.

13.

1
1
=
= 20%
2
2
+1
+1
0,5
m2

Kiem tra: V0 + V = 10 + 7 = 17V < BVCEO = 40V

Bien o hai bac nhat:
V
V
10
I Cm1 = Cm1 = 0 = 3 = 10mA (chu y RL = Rt)
RL
R L 10
RL
103
104
L =
=
=
= 3,18H
2f0Q 0 6,28.106.50 31,4.

1
1
106
=
=
= 7,97nF
42f02L 4.9,86.1012.3,18.106 125,4
15. Bien o dong kch vao:
I Cm1
102
I bm =
=
= 0,2mA
1().hfe 0,5.100

14.

C=

16.

I CO = 0 ()..I bm = 0,3x100x2.104 = 6mA

rb'e = 1,4.hfe

17.

25.103
25.103
= 1,4.100.
= 583
I CQ
6.103

Vbm = I bm.rb'e = 2.104.583= 0,117V

II. ieu tan Varicap

Bai 4.6: ieu tan dung Varicap n
f0 = 100MHz; f = 75KHz; Q0 = 50; L = 0,1H;
Transistor nh bai 2-1
+VCC
L

R2

C1
C

1. f =

R1

RE

Lch

C2

fT
350.106
=
= 3,5MHz
hfe
100

f0 = 100MHz > 3f = 10,5MHz

Suy ra s o hoat ong tan so cao, nen phai chuyen sang
dung mach dao ong B.C nh hnh ve
C
C1
E
RE

C2
B
Trang 62

C .C
1
1
109
=
=
= 25,35pF = 1 2 Chon C1 = 30pF
2 2
16
7
39,44
C1 + C 2
4 f0 L 4.9,86.10 .10

2. C t =

C1xCt
3.1011.25,35.1012
=
= 163,5pF
C1 C t
(30 25,35)1012

C2 =

3. He so hoi tiep:
C1C 2
V
C + C2
C1
30.1012
= BE = 1
=
=
= +0,155= + n
VBC
C2
C1 + C 2 30.1012 + 163,5.1012
4. He so ghep Transistor vi khung cong hng:
V
V
p = CB = CB = 1
Vk
VCB
h11e 500
=
= 10
5. tan so thap nen: h21b 1; h11b =
hfe
50
6. Rt = 0LQ0 = 6,28.108.10-7.50 = 3140
7. He so khuech ai khi mac B.C:
h
h 1 2
A = SZC = 21b p2R K // 112b
1 .3140// 416 36,8
h11b
n 10
8. ieu kien bien o e mach t kch:

| A |. | | =| A |.n = 37x0,155= 5,7 >> 1 machdaoong

9. Chon Vpc = 5V; n = ; = 0,7V; Suy ra ta co:

1
C2
V
1 1
163,5
V
f = nf 0 .
.
= . .108.
.
= 75.103 suy ra
2
C1 + C2 + V pc 2 2
30 + 163,5 0,7 + 5
f =

108.163,5
V = 75.103 suy ra V = 20mV
4411
,8

10. f1 = f0 - f = 99,925MHz;
f2 = f0 + f = 100,075MHz;
1
1
1010
C t1 =
=
=
= 25,39pF
42f12L 4.9,86.9985
.1012.107 3,9381
C t2 =

1
1
1010
=
=
= 25,317pF
42f22L 4.9,86.10015
.1012.107 3,9499

C11 =

C 2xCt1
163,5.1012.25,39.1012
=
= 30,06pF
C 2 C t1
138,11.1012

C12 =

C 2xCt2
163,5.1012.25,317.1012
=
= 29,955pF
C 2 C t2
138,183.1012

30,06pF

V(<0)

Trang 63
5

CV0 = 30pF =
C
29,96pF
1
V
0

Bai 4.7: ieu tan dung Varicap ay keo

+VCC
CV1

VR

R2

R1

Ra

CV2
-

RE

VFM

C2
C1

1. Bc 1 va 2 nh tren
C v10xCv20
C xC
+ 1 2 = 25,35pF
2. C t =
C v10 + C v20 C1 + C 2
C v10xCv20
= 10pF
Chon C v10 = C v20 = 20pF C v0 =
C v10 + C v20
C1C 2
= 15,35pF
Suy ra C3 =
C1 + C 2
3. He so hoi tiep: v s o mac B.C nen ta chon n = 0,1
C1C 2
V
C + C2
C2
= BE = 1
=
= n = 0,1
VBC
C1
C1 + C 2
C 2 = 0,1C1 + 0,1C 2 C1 = 9C 2
C1C 2
C 9C
C3 =
= 1 1 = 15,35pF
C1 + C 2 C1 + 9C1
9C1 = 153,5pF = C2
C1 = 17pF
4. Cac bc 4, 5, 6 nh tren
h21b 2
h 1 2
10
p R K // 112b
1 .3140//
60,5
7. A = SZC =

h11b
0,01
n 10
8. ieu kien bien o e mach dao ong t kch:
| A |. | | = 86,26x0,1 = 8,6 >> 1 machdaoong

9. Chon Vpc = 5V; n = ; = 0,7V

f =

C v0
V
V
1
1 1
10
nf0 .
.
= . .108.
.
= 75.103 suy ra
2
C v0 + C 3 + Vpc 2 2
10+ 15,35 0,7 + 5

f =

109
V = 75.103 suy ra V = 43,4mV
578

10. Bc 10 nh tren ta co:

Ct1 = 25,39pF; Ct2 = 25,317pF
Suy ra: Cv01 = Ct1 C3 = 10,04pF; Cv02 = Ct2 C3 = 9,967pF

Trang 64

Chng 6: MAY PHAT

I. KCSCT + mach ghep au vao va au ra
Cng

L1
Ri =
50
C1
Pi = ?

Lch

Lch
+
VBB
-

L2

Rb

+C

VCC

C2
ng

C3

PA =
2W
RA =
75

2=0,8 Qt2=5
1=0,7 Qt1=5
=90
Thiet ke bo KCSCT nh hnh ve co f 0 = 10MHz. Transistor co cac
thong so fT = 350MHz; hfe = 100; Cbc = 1pF; Cbe = 1000pF; PCmax = 10W;
VCEmax = 40V; max iC = 1A.
Cac bc thiet ke:
0

1. f =

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

fT
350.106
=
= 3,5MHz
hfe
100

f0 = 10MHz < 3f = 10,5MHz

Suy ra s o hoat ong tan so trung bnh
Chon VCC = 0,5VCEmax = 0,5x40 =20V
Chon = 0,9
Bien o hai bac nhat: VCm1 = .VCC = 0,9x20 = 18V.
PA
2
=
= 2,5W
Cong suat hai bac nhat: PL 1 =
2 0,8
Bien o hai bac nhat cua dong ien ra:
2PL 1 2x2,5
I Cm1 =
=
= 278mA
VCm1
18
2I Cm1 = 2x278= 556mA < maxi C = 1A

7. ien tr cong hng tng ng mach ra

V
18
R t1 = Cm1 =
65
I Cm1 0,278
Rt1 chnh la tr khang vao cua mach ghep au ra.
8. Mach ghep au ra:
R = R i xRL = R txRA = 69,8

X C2 =
C2 =

1
1
=
590pF
2f0 X C2
6,28.107.27

X C3 =
C3 =

R i + R 65+ 69,8
=
27
Q t
5

R L + R 75+ 69,8
=
29
Q t
5

1
550pF
6,28.107.29

C2' =C2 Cb*'c =C 2 Cb 'c 1 + 1 () =572 pF

X L 2 = X C2 + X C3 = 27+ 29= 66

Trang 65

L=

X L2
66
=
1H
2f0 6,28.107

L2

Ri = Rt =
65

C2

RA = RL =
C3

75

9. He so khuech ai tan so trung bnh

.

hfe

= hfe =

1+ 0

100
107

1+
6
3,5.10

100
33
3,027

10.

Thanh phan trung bnh DC cua dong ra

()
0,32
I CO = 0 .I Cm1 =
x278= 178mA
1()
0,5
11. Cong suat nguon cung cap
PCC = ICO.VCC = 0,178.20 = 3,56W
12. Hieu suat cua mach KCSCT
P
2,5
= L =
= 70,22%
PCC 3,56
13. Tr khang vao
1( )
ZiEC =
jC b'e [1+ T C b'cZL 1()]
0,5
=
7
9
j.6,28.10 .10 . 1+ 350.106.101265.0,5
0,5
50
1
=
=
= j7,87 j8 =
12
j6,28.10 [1+ 0,0114
] j6,35
jC* b'

C* b' =

14.

1
= 2,023nF (C* b' = C*b'e + C*M )
6,28.107.7,87

Tr khang vao cua Transistor tan so trung bnh

.

rb'e = 1,4. hfe

25.103
25.103
= 1,4.33..
6,5
I CO
0,178

15. Mach ghep au vao: e s truyen at cong suat ln nhat

va ap tuyen tan so bang phang nhat ta thiet ke sao cho Q i =
Q0 = 2Qt.
r
R
6,5
X C = L = b'e =
= 0,65
Q 0 2Q t 10
C1 =

1
2f 0 X C

1
24,5nF
6,28.10 7.0,65

Mat khac:

C1 = C '1 + Cb* C '1 = C1 Cb*' = 24,5 2,023 22,5nF

X L 2 = Q i R i = 2Q tR i = 2x5x50= 500

L1 =

XL
500
=
8H
2f0 6,28.107

L1
Ri = 50
C'1
Qt1 = 5

Cb

rbe66
Trang

16.

Z'iEC = ZiEC // rb'e =

Z'iEC =
=

17.

rb'e
1+ j0C*b' .rb'e

rb'e
1+ 20C*b2' rb2'e
6,5
18

1+ 4.9,86.4,092.10 10 .42,25
14

6,5
= 5
1,3

Cong suat au ra cua Transistor

2

18.

1
1 I
1 0,278
Pb = I 'n2Zi = Cm1 Zi =
.5
2
2 1
2 0,533
1
= .3.104.5 = 7,5.104 = 0,75mW
2

Cong suat au vao cua tang KCSCT

Pi =

Pb 0,75.103
=
= 1,07mW
1
0,7

II. KCSCT + ieu bien

Thiet ke mach ieu bien Collector co gia thiet nh bai tren biet
m = 0,7 va f0 = 10MHz; f = 10KHz. e n gian ta khong tnh mach
vao
Cng
Lch

Lb
+
VBB
-

L1

Rb

C1

Cng

RA = 75
PA = 2W
C2

KCSA
T

+VCC
1 4 nh bai tren: VCm1 = 18V = V0
5. Cong suat ieu bien:
P
2
PAM = A =
= 2,5W
2 0,8

m2

P
=
P
1
+
Cong suat hai bac nhat: AM
0
2

P 0 = PL 1 =

PAM

m
1+

2,5
= 2W
0,49
1+
2

6. Bien o hai bac nhat cua dong ien ra

2PL 1 2x2
I Cm1 =
=
= 187mA
VCm1
18

Trang 67

7. R t1 =

VCm1
18
=
= 96,25()
I Cm1
0,187

Rt1 chnh la tr khang vao cua mach loc au ra

8. Mach loc au ra
R = R i xRL = 96,25x75 85

X C1 =
C1 =

1
1
=
= 0,44nF
2f0 X C1
6,28.107.36,2

X C2 =
C2 =

R i + R 96+ 85
=
36,2
Qt
5

R L + R 75+ 85
=
= 32
Qt
5

1
= 0,5nF
6,28.107.32

C*b'c =C b'c 1+1() =1012[1+33.0,5] =17,5pF

C1' = 440 17,5 = 422,5pF

X L 1 = X C1 + X C2 = 36,2 + 32= 68,2

L1 =

X L1
68,2
=
10,86.107 H 1,1H
7
2f0 6,28.10

L1

Rt1 = Ri =
96

C1

RA = RL =
C2

75

9. Nh tren =33
()
0,32
I CO = 0
.I Cm1 =
x0,187 0,12A
10.
1()
0,5
11. PCC = ICO.VCC = 0,12.20 = 2,4W
P
1,68
= L1 =
70%
12.
PCC 2,4
13. Nh tren ZiEC j7,83 (viZL = 96,25)
.

14.

rb'e = 1,4. hfe

15.

Z'iEC =
=

16.

25.103
25.103
= 1,4.33..
9,625
I CO
0,12
rb'e

1+ 20C*b2' rb2'e
9,625
18

1+ 4.9,86.10 .4,16.10 .92,64

14

9,625
6
1,587

Cong suat au vao

Pb =

1 '2
1 I
I n Zi = Cm1
2
2 1 1

Zi = 1 0,187 .6 0,4mW

2 0,5.33

17. Bien o ien ap am tan V = mV0 = 0,7x18 = 12,6V

khi o: V(t) = 12,6cos(2.104t)
18. Pho cua tn hieu am tan
Trang 68

mV0
mV0
cos(0 + )t +
cos(0 )t
2
2
= 18cos(2.107 t) + 6,3cos2(107 + 104 )t + 6,3cos2(107 104 )t

VAM = V0 cos0t +

VAM
18
6,3
0

19.
20.

107107
2
4
m
0,49
Pbt = P0 .
= 1,68 10 = 0,41W
2

107+1
04

P
0,41
k = bt =
= 16,4%
PAM
2,5

21. Kiem tra: V0 + V = 18 + 12,6 = 30,6V < BVCEO = 40V

PAMmax = P0(1 + m)2 = 1,68(1 + 0,7)2 = 4,85W< PCmax = 10W
(Chu y: cac bc 9 16 co the khong phai tnh khi thi).

Trang 69