Tc k ch Vit

Trn T Bnh



A. Gii thiu
B. Cch tc k
C. Hai on th vit bng ch tc k
D. !i cui


A. GII THIU

Bi ny trnh by mt cch tc k c h thng cho ch Vit. Chng hu
ch cho vic:
!Ch"t# tr$n m%ng& vi't tin nh(n ) *in tho%i +i *ng& v.v,
Ci *-t vo tr"ng !./ 0(t# ) cc b g/ ch Vit *1 khi g/ ch tc k
m my tnh v2n hin r" ch Vit tr3n v4n 5hin *67c tch h78 trong
9inV:;<y=.
.7i mt > cho vic c?i ti'n ch @uc ng n'u c.

B. CCH TC K

Ain *3c cc @ui 6Bc tc k tC tr$n Dung +6Bi v chng c @u"n h ni
ti'8. CEng Din *3c cc v +F *1 +G nhB cc @ui 6Bc tc k.

. !"# $%c & 'n n()c 5H @ui 6Bc=:

VIn ng67c J vIn chK c +Lu >(c ho-c +Lu n-ng 5V+: oc& "ch& u8& Mt&
,=. N3c vIn ng67c ch6" c +Lu& ngh< ging nh6 *3c vIn ng67c c +Lu
>(c& nh6: occ& "chOch& u88& MtBt& ,.
Po *& mt @ui 6Bc cIn nhB J:

Q BR bBt +Lu >(c ) vIn ng67c ,, "#$ b%c & b'c( nu) & n*)( t+ot
,-t & t+.t ,-t.

*. + ', U- 5S @ui 6Bc=:

Q T th"y U ,, "#$ i t & / t( ,0 t+0 & , t+0.
Q :go%i trC: VIn VU& WU v2n J VU& WU ,, "#$ ng1/ 2/ & ng1/ 2/.

Q U th"y XU ,, "#$ th & th*/( b/t & but( ,3 & ,4/.

.. /h0 12 3# ch 5Y @ui 6Bc=:

Q Z th"y [\ ,, "#$ 56i & )h6i.

Q C th"y ; ,, "#$ c7 & k7( c8 & k8( c0n & k0n.
Q ; th"y ;\ ,, "#$ ki k. k9n & khi kh. kh9n.

Q ] th"y P ,, "#$ :; & #;( :o :< & #o #<.
Q P th"y N ,, "#$ #i #=u #. & i =u ..
Q ^ th"y .T ,, "#$ > >; & gi g;( > >;n & gi g;n( :? >; & #? g;.

Q . th"y .\ ,, "#$ g@ & gh@( g & gh( g; & gh;.
Q :. th"y :.\ ,, "#$ ng@ & ngh@( ngA & nghA( ngB & nghB.
Q _ th"y _X ,, "#$ Ca/ & Cua/( CDn & CuDn( Ct & Cut.

4. /h0 12 c#i ch 5S @ui 6Bc=:

Q . th"y :. ,, "#$ Eoog & Eoong( t+Fg Gog & t+Fng Gong.
Q \ th"y :\ ,, "#$ ho1h & ho1nh( huDh & huDnh( Cah & Cuanh.
Q ; th"y C\ ,, "#$ hok & hoch( nguk & nguch( tak bk & tch
bch.

5. Vn 67(#-8n 12 (h9: ; ch c<i= 5H` @ui 6Bc a H ngo%i J=:

Nby J 8hIn mBi J%. : trnh by cch tc k c h thng cho cd vIn& vn
c S ho-c e ch ci& Dung cfn d ch ci mgi vIn.

0i'ng Vit hin c tLt c? c` vIn !:guy$n bm ghh8 a ch ci#.
0rong *& c vIn: oong( oanh( uDnh( oach( uDch *i *67c tc k J: oog(
oah( uDh( oak( uDk nh6 vC" trnh by ) tr$n 5D<m v +F 8hIn B.e=.

Cfn J%i cd vIn:
jk: , olt& olc& oln& olm& olng.
XW: , ubt& ubn& ubng& uby.
jm: , o<t& o<n& o<m& o<o.
Tn: , i$t& i$8& i$c& i$n& i$m& i$ng& i$u.
Un: , y$t& y$n& y$m& y$ng& y$u.
jV: , o"t& o"8& o"c& o"n& o"m& o"ng& o"i& o"y& o"o.
Xo: , uMt& uMn.
Xp: , uqt& uqc& uqn& uqm& uqng& uqi.
ro: , 6Mt& 6M8& 6Mc& 6Mn& 6Mm& 6Mng& 6Mi& 6Mu.
XUn: , uy$t& uy$n.

0rong * c:
Cc nguy$n bm ghh8: jk& XW& jm& Tn h"y Un& jV& Xo& Xp& ro&
XUn.
Cc ch ci cui: 0& [& C s :& t& :. s T & U s j & X.

cd vIn nIy *67c tc k cfn d ch ci cho mgi vIn& bung cch:
vt g3n nguy$n bm ghh8 cfn mt nguy$n bm. V
0h"y ch ci cui bung mt ch ci khc.

vt g3n nguy$n bm ghh8 cfn mt nguy$n bm. C Y @ui 6Bc v H ngo%i J:

Q k th"y jk
Q W th"y XW
Q m th"y jm
Q T th"y Tn h"y Un
Q j th"y jV ,,,, 5:go%i J: V th"y jV& cho vIn !o"y#=
Q o th"y Xo
Q X th"y Xp
Q r th"y ro
Q U th"y XUn

0h"y ch ci cui bung mt ch ci khc. C w @ui 6Bc:

Q P th"y 0
Q Z th"y [
Q x th"y C

Q y th"y :
Q V th"y t
Q ] th"y :.

Q ^ th"y T& U
Q 9 th"y j& X

v8 Y nguy$n bm rt g3n vo w ch ci cui khc& t" tc k *67c cd vIn
tr$n mgi vIn chK cfn d ch ci& nh6 >"u:
5:h6 vzy& chK cIn nhB H` @ui 6Bc tr$n& t" +G +ng nhB *67c cd vIn tc k
nIy=

kP& kx& ky& kV& k] , 5olt& olc& oln& olm& olng=.
WP& Wy& W]& W^ , 5ubt& ubn& ubng& uby=.
mP& my& mV& m9 , 5o<t& o<n& o<m& o<o=.
TP& TZ& Tx& Ty& TV& T]& T9 , 5i$t& i$8& i$c& i$n& i$m& i$ng& i$u=.
TP& Ty& TV& T]& T9 , 5y$t& y$n& y$m& y$ng& y$u=.
jP& jZ& jx& jy& jV& j]& j^& V^& j9 , 5o"t& o"8& o"c& o"n& o"m&
o"ng& o"i& o"y& o"o=.
oP& oy , 5uMt& uMn=.
XP& Xx& Xy& XV& X]& X^ , 5uqt& uqc& uqn& uqm& uqng& uqi=.
rP& rZ& rx& ry& rV& r]& r^& r9 , 56Mt& 6M8& 6Mc& 6Mn& 6Mm&
6Mng& 6Mi& 6Mu=.
UP& Uy , 5uy$t& uy$n=.

x"u *by J cc v +F cho cd vIn tc k. Cc v +F t{ng h78 tLt c? @ui 6Bc
tc k ) cc 8hIn tr$n *1 cho thLy nhi|u ch Vit *67c tc k rLt g3n:

kP } olt ,, "#$ ng9# & ngoHt( ngI# & ngoIt.
kx } olc ,, "#$ hIJ & hoIc( ng9J & ngoHc.
ky } oln ,, "#$ E9, & Eo9n.
kV } olm ,, "#$ k9v & kho9G.
k] } olng ,, "#$ hK: & hoKng( kH: & khoHng. 5c=

WP } ubt ,, "#$ k=# & khu2t( ,L# & ,uLt.
Wy } ubn ,, "#$ k=, & khu=n( tM, & tuMn.
W] } ubng ,, "#$ b=g k=: & b=ng khu=ng.
W^ } uby ,, "#$ k=/ kNa & khu=/ khNa. 5eac}Y=

mP } o<t ,, "#$ k@# & khoOt( ,P@ ,Q# & ,P@ ,oQt.
my } o<n ,, "#$ h@, & ho@n.
mV } o<m ,, "#$ ng@v ngOv & ngo@G ngoOG.
m9 } o<o ,, "#$ ng7R & ngo7o. 5eaY}HS=

TP } i$t& y$t ,, "#$ 5S# & )hit( i# & /t( ki# & khit( :S# & #it
TZ } i$8 ...... "#$ #S5 & i)( ki5 & khi)( ngS5 & nghi)( :S5 & #i).
Tx } i$c ,, "#$ tiJ & tic( vSJ & vic.
Ty } i$n& y$n ,, "#$ 5i, & )hiDn( 0, & /n( Ci, & Cu/Dn( t;, & tiAn.
TV } i$m& y$m ,, "#$ 50v & )hiG( Tv & /8G( ngiv & nghiDG.
T] } i$ng& y$ng ,, "#$ i: & /Dng( >0: & ging( ngi: & nghiDng.
T9 } i$u& y$u ,, "#$ 50R & )hiu( 0R & /u( nh;R #;R & nhiAu
iAu. 5HdaHS}dc=

jP } o"t ,, "#$ ko# & khot( ,-# & ,ot.
jZ } o"8 ,, "#$ ngo5 & ngo).
jx } o"c ,, "#$ koJ & khoc( t-J & toc.
jy } o"n ,, "#$ hP, tP, & ho1n to1n( ko, & khoan.
jV } o"m ,, "#$ ng-v & ngoG.
j] } o"ng ,, "#$ hP: & ho1ng( kN: & kho6ng.
j^ } o"i ,, "#$ k.> & khoi( ngP> & ngo1i.
:go%i J: V^ } o"y ,, "#$ ,a> ha> & ,oa/ hoa/.
j9 } o"o ,, "#$ ngoR & ngoao. 5Yadc}Se=

oP } uMt ,, "#$ hU# & huUt.
oy } uMn ,, "#$ hV, & huVn. 5daSe}S~=

XP } uqt ,, "#$ nu# & nut( +4# & +uWt.
Xx } uqc ,, "#$ cuJ & cuc( th4J & thuWc.
Xy } uqn ,, "#$ ku, & khuFn( ,u, & ,uFn( G*, & Gun.
XV } uqm ,, "#$ ,4v th4v & ,uWG thuWG( nh*v & nhuG.
X] } uqng ,, "#$ *: & ung.
X^ } uqi ,, "#$ c*> & cui. 5~aSc}ed=

rP } 6Mt ,, "#$ ,%# & ,%t( ,<# & ,%Ut.
rZ } 6M8 ,, "#$ c%5 & c%).
rx } 6Mc ,, "#$ #<J & %Uc( 5%J & )h%c( :<J & #%Uc.
ry } 6Mn ,, "#$ ,<, & ,%Un.
rV } 6Mm ,, "#$ b%v b'v & b%G b%G.
r] } 6Mng ,, "#$ 5%: & )h%ng( g%: & g%ng.
r^ } 6Mi ,, "#$ t%> cX> & t%i c%!i.
r9 } 6Mu ,, "#$ +<R & +%Uu. 5waed}c=

UP } uy$t ,, "#$ k/# & khu/t( t/# & tu/t( t3# & tu/t.
Uy } uy$n ,, "#$ k/, & khu/Dn( ,, & ,u/n. 5dac}cd=

C. HAI >?@7 THA VIBT BC7G CHD TC K

tt khi nhB *67c ton b @ui 6Bc tc k 5SS @ui 6Bc a H ngo%i J= v
hi1u cc v +F ) tr$n& t" +G +ng hi1u h"i *o%n thM vi't bung ch tc k
>"u *by.

Q Bi thM !png *# c" VE Nnh yi$n vi't bung ch tc k:
YZi n9G hoa #1o n[
YZi n9G hoa 1o n[
i th2/ Fg #\ >1
i th2/ Fng \ gi1
B1/ G<c t1u( >2/ #N
B1/ G<c t1u( gi2/ N
BDn 5 #Fg ngX> Ca
BDn )h Fng ng%!i Cua

Bao nhiR ngX> thuD vi#
Bao nhiDu ng%!i thuD vit
]2G t9c ngUi k@n t1i
]2G tHc ngUi kh@n t1i
^Hoa ta/ th6o nhg n@t
^Hoa ta/ th6o nhng nOt
_h% 5<: G*a +\g ba/`
_h% )h%Ung G*a +\ng ba/`

_h%g GZi n9G( GZi vHg
_h%ng GZi n9G( GZi vHng
_gX> thuD vi# na/ #=u
_g%!i thuD vit na/ =u
a2/ #N b?, kFg th2G
Gi2/ N bu\n khFng thHG
Y<c #-g t+og ngi, JMu
Y<c -ng t+ong nghiDn JMu
bg #\ vcn ng\i #2/
bng \ vcn ng\i 2/
da #X: kFg ai ha/
dua %!ng khFng ai ha/
v1g +i t+Dn >2/
v1ng +i t+Dn gi2/
_gP> t+!i G%a b4i ba/
_go1i t+!i G%a b4i ba/
_9G na/ #1o ,i n[
_9G na/ 1o ,i n[
eFg th2/ Fg #\ E%a
ehFng th2/ Fng \ E%a
_hg ngX> Gu, n9G cf
_hng ng%!i GuFn n9G cf
H\n [ #=u b=/ >!
H\n [ =u b=/ gi!g

Q No%n *Iu !0ruyn ;i|u# c" thi ho :guyGn Pu vi't bung ch tc k:
]+9G n9G t+og chi ngX> ta
]+9G n9G t+ong chi ng%!i ta
Ch t1i ch Gh kOo ,1 g@t nhau
Ch t1i ch Gnh khOo ,1 ghOt nhau
]+6i Ca GWt c4J b8 :=u
]+6i Cua GWt cuWc b8 #=u
_hg #;R t+Fg th2/ G1 #au #n ,Pg
_hng iAu t+Fng th2/ G1 au n ,Png

>; bT J9c t% 5og
g; bT JHc t% )hong
]+!i Eah C@n th.i G h\g #h g@n
]+!i Eanh Cu@n th.i G h\ng nh gh@n
C6o thG ,Mn >[ t+%J #in
C6o thG ,Mn gi[ t+%c in
jog t;h ck ,4c cPn t+l, Jm Eah
nhong t;nh ck ,4c cPn t+u/An Jm Eanh

og n9G aa ]Bh t+;R Yih
ong n9G Gia ]Bnh t+iAu Yinh
Bn 5%: 5pg ,Ig hai cih vg v1g
Bn )h%ng )hpng ,Ing hai kinh vng v1ng
C. nh1 vi, ng-> h- "%:
C. nh1 viDn ngoi h- "%ng
aa t% ngB cfg thX: thX: bLc t+ug
Gia t% nghB cfng th%!ng th%!ng bLc t+ung

YWt t+ai con th' +Ft ,Pg
YWt t+ai con th' +t ,Png
"%: dan ,1 ch( ni >Pg nho >a
"%ng duan ,1 ch( ni giPng nho gia
DMu ,Pg hai 6 t nga
qMu ,Png hai 6 t nga
]h C;R ,1 chS( @G ,1 ]h "=n
]h*/ eiAu ,1 chS( @G ,1 ]h*/ "=n

Yai cFt cak( t/# tih thMn
Yai ct cch( tu/t tinh thMn
YWt ngX> GWt v7( GX> 5=n vQn GX>
YWt ng%!i GWt v7( G%!i )h=n vQn G%!i

!. EFI CUI

Q Cch tc k c h thng v +G nhB nIy *i *67c 0x. :gq Nnh \3c& tc
gi? b g/ 9inV:;<yhtt8:invnk<y.>.n<t & tch h78 ton b cch tc
k 5chK trC: i } y& y } uy= vo 9inV:;<y& *1 t%o r" mt 8h6Mng 8h8
mBi g/ t(t ch Vit. ./ ch tc k m my tnh v2n hin r" ch Vit tr3n
v4n. tun +ng n& chK cIn nhB cch tc k c" bi ny& h% t?i
9inV:;<y v bzt vi ty ch3n th<o h6Bng +2n.

rBc tnh ti't kim kho?ng e > 8hm 8h?i g/ khi chK +ng +uy nhLt
8h6Mng 8h8 ny. 0" ti't kim *67c nhi|u hMn n" khi +ng chung
8h6Mng 8h8 ny vBi tr"ng g/ t(t cc tC th6ng +ng c" ri$ng t" t t%o.
tun +ng 8h6Mng 8h8 ny& Din *3c bi nh%ng )h) Gi gh tHt ch
"it ) tr"ng m%ng Ch Vit :h"nh:htt8:chuvi<tnh"nh.>.n<t .

Q .In *by& nhbn *3c bi vi't ny( 0x. :guyGn Vnh0rng thLy ch 9
ch6" *67c +ng ) v tr 8hF bm *Iu n$n *i *| ngh +ng 9 th"y cho h"i
8hF bm *Iu :. v :.\ 59 } :. }:.\=. Ain mi *3c bi !C. nDn
thDG )h4 =G Mu r t+ong s ]c e Ch "it t ch9ngg ` c" 0x. :guyGn
Vnh0rng ):
htt8:chuvi<tnh"nh.>.n<t0h<m[huVmP"u90rong0oc;yChuVi<t.htm .

Q tt > tc k J c" nhng ng6i *i tr6Bc *i n$u r" khi bn v| vLn *|
c?i ti'n ch @uc ng. x"u *by J DuLt D c" chng:
- BR bBt +Lu >(c ) vIn ng67c: N67c thLy *Iu ti$n trong bi vi't c"
qng P6Mng 0 :guy$n: YWt kin vA J< Jma ki ch Cuc ng& Vln
h3c t%8 ch& > c& HcHHYSd& v cc > ti'8 th<o. 5trch >ch "2n A
c6i tin ch Cuc ng& :Db. Vln \"& \ :i& HY~H& tr.`Y=.
- T th"y U: T th"y cho y khi y J nguy$n bm +uy nhLt trong ch *67c
thLy trong t *i1n: _ouv@au Dictionnai+@ j+anuaiJvAnnaGit@&
Tm8. +< J" ti>>ion& xi .fn& HYdd. 5trch >ch wxx n9G )ht t+i8n
ting "it& [hFng :ghi& :Db Vln :gh& \o" ;& HYYY& tr.HSe=.
- U th"y XU: N67c thLy *Iu ti$n trong cc th"m Juzn c" qng :guyGn
0r3ng [hLn& \ong 0Fy& :qng ch 0hy v [h Nc 0hnh& *3c t%i
hi ngh v| VLn *| c?i ti'n ch @uc ng nlm HY~ t%i \ :i.
5>*+."2n A c6i tin ch Cuc ng& tr.SY& SSc& SeH& Sew=.
- Z th"y [\: N| ngh c" qng :gq @u"ng Chbu& in trong >ch Ch cya
#=n tWc& \ :i& HYe~& tr.Hdd. 5>*+."2n A c6i tin ch Cuc ng&
tr.~d=.
- C th"y ;: N| ngh ny c" qng :gq @u"ng Chbu& in trong >ch Ch
cya #=n tWc& \ :i& HYe~& tr.Hdd. 5>*+. "2n A c6i tin ch
Cuc ng& tr.~d=.
- ; th"y ;\: N67c thLy *Iu ti$n ) cc th"m Juzn c" qng \ong 0Fy
v qng [h Nc 0hnh& *3c t%i hi ngh v| VLn *| c?i ti'n ch @uc
ng& nlm HY~ t%i \ :i. 5>*+. "2n A c6i tin ch Cuc ng&
tr.SSc& Sew=.
- ] th"y P: N| ngh ny *67c thLy *Iu ti$n trong >ch c" qng m.Z.
Vymoni<r& _oJ t+anJc+i)tionJ( zEcu+JionJ @t o@connaiJJanc@J&
x"igon& Hww~& tom< ATT. 5>*+. "2n A c6i tin ch Cuc ng& tr.ec=.
- P th"y N: N| ngh ny c" qng y<gr"n+ +< J" yir"y<& in trong t
*i1n Dictionnai+@ O,OG@ntai+@ annaGit@v5+anuaiJ& x"igon& Hw~w& tr.S.
5>*+. "2n A c6i tin ch Cuc ng& tr.eS=.
- ^ th"y .T v . th"y .\: N| ngh ny c" qng m.Z. Vymoni<r& in
trong _oJ t+anJc+i)tionJ( zEcu+JionJ @to@connaiJJanc@J& x"igon&
Hww~& tom< ATT. 5>*+. "2n A c6i tin ch Cuc ng& tr.ec=.
- :. th"y :.\: N| ngh ny DuLt hin *Iu ti$n nlm HY~ trong b?n
ki'n ngh c" 0i1u b"n nghi$n cu vLn *| ch @uc ng& *67c \i
*ng c?i J6Mng h3c chnh Nqng+6Mng thqng @u". A<m ConJ@i, #@
)@+5@ctionn@G@nt #@ ,{znJ@ign@G@nt in#igin@. [r<mir< ><>>ion&
\"noi& HY~& tr.~e. 5>*+. "2n A c6i tin ch Cuc ng& tr.ce=.
- _ th"y _X: N67c thLy trong th"m Juzn c" qng \ong 0Fy& *3c t%i
hi ngh v| VLn *| c?i ti'n ch @uc ng nlm HY~ t%i \ :i.
5>*+. "2n A c6i tin ch Cuc ng& tr.SSc=.
- BR bBt : ) 8hF bm cui ch :. v :\: N| ngh ny tuy ch6" "i
chnh thc n$u r" nh6ng Jbu n"y nhi|u ng6i v2n th6ng bR bBt n )
8hF bm cui ng v nh *1 vi't cho nh"nh.