TN Dien Tuco NG Suat

TRNG I HC CN TH
KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN & TRUYN THNG

B MN H THNG MY TNH & TRUYN THNG
GIO TRNH
TH NGHIM IN T CNG SUT
BIN SON: ON HA MINH
THNG TIN V TC GI
PHM VI V I TNG S DNG CA GIO TRNH
1. THNG TIN V TC GI
H v tn: ON HA MINH
Sinh nm: 1956
C quan cng tc:
B mn: H thng my tnh v truyn thng (HTMT&TT)
( ging dy trn 15 nm b mn Vin thng & T ng ha,
chuyn sang b mn HTMT&TT t 2008)
Khoa: Cng ngh thng tin v truyn thng.
Trng: i hc Cn Th
a ch email lin h: dhminh@cit.ctu.edu.vn
2. PHM VI V I TNG S DNG CA GIO TRNH
Gio trnh c dng tham kho nhng ngnh: K thut in, in t, T
ng ha ca cc trng i hc k thut.
T kha: Linh kin cng sut, chnh lu, n p mt chiu, iu khin cng
sut, bin tn gin tip, bin tn trc tip, lp trnh m phng, MATLAB,
PSIM, mch to xung kch.
Yu cu kin thc trc khi hc v mn ny: hc l thuyt v in t cng
sut.
Cha xut bn
CH AN TON IN
Tt c cc mch th nghim u s dng trc tip ngun in xoay chiu 220V. Do
khi thc tp sinh vin phi lun cnh gic gi an ton v ngi ln thit b th nghim.
bo m an ton sinh vin phi tuyt i chp hnh cc qui nh sau y:
1. Khng c chm vo mch in khi m ngun cp in.
2. Khi mc in xong, phi bo co cho cn b hng dn kim tra, c s ng ca
cn b hng dn mi c m ngun cp in.
3. Khi o in p, dng in hoc xem dng sng cn phi:
S dng ng giai o.
t que o ng ch, ng cc.
Khi xem dng sng nhng im c in th cao phi dng b in cc
(probe) c gim p.
4. Sp xp thit b v dy dn in ngn np, gn gng, thao tc chnh xc, tp trung
lm bi, khng a gin.
5. Khng c di di cc thit b th nghim t bi ny sang bi khc.
6. Khi thc tp xong phi tt in, sp xp gn gng cc thit b trc khi ra v.
Sinh vin s chu trch nhim v cc s c v bi thng thit b h hng nu khng
chp hnh ng cc qui nh trn.
MC LC
THNG TIN V TC GI............................................................................................................ 2
1. THNG TIN V TC GI.................................................................................................... 2
2. PHM VI V I TNG S DNG CA GIO TRNH ............................................. 2
CH AN TON IN ............................................................................................................... 3
MC LC....................................................................................................................................... 4
LI NI U ................................................................................................................................ 7
U
BI 1: KHO ST LINH KIN CNG SUT C BN............................................................ 8

1.1. MC CH .......................................................................................................................... 8
1.2. KIN THC NN ............................................................................................................... 8
1.2.1. BJT cng sut:............................................................................................................... 8
a) Ti t chn E .............................................................................................................. 8
b) t ti chn C .............................................................................................................. 9
c) iu khin gin tip ........................................................................................................ 9
1.2.2. MOSFET cng sut:.................................................................................................... 10
1.2.3. SCR ............................................................................................................................. 10
a. K hiu .......................................................................................................................... 10
b. Khi phn cc thun: ...................................................................................................... 11
c. Khi phn cc nghch:..................................................................................................... 11
d. Tm li: ......................................................................................................................... 11
1.2.4. TRIAC......................................................................................................................... 11
1.3. THC HNH: ................................................................................................................... 12
1.3.1. BJT: ............................................................................................................................ 12
1.3.2. MOSFET .................................................................................................................... 12
1.3.3. SCR ............................................................................................................................. 13
A. Mc mch nh hnh sau: (Hnh 1.20):.......................................................................... 13
B. Mc mch nh hnh sau (Hnh 1.21): ........................................................................... 13
1.3.4. TRIAC......................................................................................................................... 14
A. Mc mch nh hnh sau (Hnh 1.22):........................................................................... 14
B. Mc mch nh hnh sau (Hnh 1.23): ........................................................................... 14
1.4. THIT B: .......................................................................................................................... 15
1.5. TI LIU THAM KHO:................................................................................................. 15
BI 2: M PHNG LINH KIN CNG SUT C BN......................................................... 16
2.1. MC CH ........................................................................................................................ 16
2.2. NI DUNG ........................................................................................................................ 16
2.2.1. DIODE: ....................................................................................................................... 16
4
2.2.1.1. M hnh ton hc [6]:........................................................................................... 16

2.2.1.2. Thc hnh:............................................................................................................ 17
2.2.2. TRANSISTOR ........................................................................................................... 17
2.2.2.1. M hnh ton hc [6]:........................................................................................... 18
Trong m hnh Ebers-Moll c bn (hnh 3.c), cc dng in IC, IB, IE c xc nh bi
cc biu thc sau: .............................................................................................................. 18
2.2.2.2. Thc hnh: [1], [3], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11] .......................................................... 19
2.2.3. MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor)............................... 20
2.2.3.1. E-MOSFET transistor [2], [12] ............................................................................ 20
2.2.4. THYRISTOR (SCR) [2], [10]..................................................................................... 21
2.2.4.1.Cc thng s k thut c bn ca SCR l: ............................................................ 22
2.2.4.2. Thc hnh [1], [3], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11] .................................................... 22
2.2.5. TRIAC [2], [12]........................................................................................................... 22
2.2.5.1. Cc thng s k thut c bn ca TRIAC l:....................................................... 23
2.2.5.2. Thc hnh:............................................................................................................ 23
2.3. TI LIU THAM KHO:................................................................................................. 23
BI 3: CHNH LU MT PHA C IU KHIN ................................................................... 24
3.1. MC CH ........................................................................................................................ 24
3.2. CC KIN THC LIN QUAN ...................................................................................... 24
3.2.1. Sinh vin n li:........................................................................................................... 24
3.2.2. Sinh vin tm hiu v gii thch nguyn tc hot ng ca mch to xung kch:............ 24
3.3. THC HNH: ................................................................................................................... 24
3.3.1. Kho st Board mch to xung kch: .......................................................................... 24
3.3.2. Kho st nguyn tc iu khin gc m: .................................................................... 26
3.3.3. Kho st chnh lu cu dng 4 diode cng sut:......................................................... 27
3.3.4. Kho st chnh lu cu, bn iu khin....................................................................... 27
3.3.5. Chnh lu cu 1 pha iu khin hon ton .................................................................. 28
a. Mc ti R ( bng n):................................................................................................... 28
b. Mc ti R-L (gm n v cun cm ni tip): .............................................................. 28
3.4. THIT B TH NGHIM................................................................................................... 28
3.5. TI LIU THAM KHO:................................................................................................. 29
BI 4: LP TRNH M PHNG MCH CHNH LU BNG MATLAB.............................. 30
4.1. MC CH ........................................................................................................................ 30
4.2. KIN THC NN ............................................................................................................. 30
4.3. THC HNH .................................................................................................................... 30
4.3.1. Chnh lu 3 pha mch tia khng iu khin................................................................ 30
a. Chng trnh mu 1:...................................................................................................... 31
5
b. Cu hi: ......................................................................................................................... 33
4.3.2. CHNH LU 3 PHA MCH TIA C IU KHIN................................................ 34
a. Chng trnh mu 2:...................................................................................................... 34
b. Cu hi: ......................................................................................................................... 36
4.4. TI LIU THAM KHO.................................................................................................. 38
BI 5: M PHNG MCH CHNH LU MT PHA C IU KHIN BNG PSIM ......... 39
5.1. MC CH:...................................................................................................................... 39
5.2. KIN THC NN:........................................................................................................... 39
5.3. THC HNH: .................................................................................................................. 41
5.3.1. Mch chnh lu iu khin mt pha na chu k: ........................................................ 41
5.3.2. Mch chnh lu iu khin mt pha hai na chu k: .................................................. 42
5.4. TI LIU THAM KHO:................................................................................................. 43
BI 6: N P MT CHIU........................................................................................................ 44
6.1. MC CH ........................................................................................................................ 44
6.2. S LC V L THUYT ............................................................................................. 44
T
6.2.1. n p tuyn tnh .......................................................................................................... 44

6.2.2. n p ngt m ............................................................................................................. 45
6.3. PHN THC HNH ........................................................................................................ 47
6.3.1. n p tuyn tnh .......................................................................................................... 47
6.3.2. n p ngt m: ............................................................................................................ 49
6.3.2.1. Vi mch KA3842 c s chn: ......................................................................... 50
6.3.2.2. Sinh vin kho st mch v thc hin cc cng vic sau:.................................... 50
6.4. THIT B TH NGHIM:.................................................................................................. 51
6.5. TI LIU THAM KHO:................................................................................................. 51
BI 7: IU KHIN CNG SUT AC...................................................................................... 52
7.1. MC CH:....................................................................................................................... 52
7.2. S LC L THUYT: .................................................................................................. 52
7.3. CU HI V THC HNH............................................................................................ 53
A. Cu hi l thuyt : ............................................................................................................ 53
B. Cu hi thc hnh :........................................................................................................... 54
7.4. THIT B TH NGHIM:................................................................................................. 56
7.5. TI LIU THAM KHO:................................................................................................. 56
BI 8: BIN TN GIN TIP.................................................................................................... 57
8.1. MC CH ....................................................................................................................... 57
8.2. S LC V L THUYT BIN TN ........................................................................ 57
8.2.1. Phn loi...................................................................................................................... 57
8.2.2. Cu to: ....................................................................................................................... 57
6
a. B chnh lu v mch trung gian mt chiu:................................................................. 58

b. B nghch lu p ........................................................................................................... 58
8.2.3. Phng php iu khin b nghch lu p :................................................................ 60
a. Phng php iu ch rng sin (sin PWM) ............................................................. 60
b. Phng php iu ch rng xung vung (Square PWM) ........................................ 60
c. Phng php iu ch rng xung ti u (Optimum PWM) ..................................... 61
8.2.4. Gii thiu v bin tn SIEMENS G110 ...................................................................... 61
a. Gii thiu chung ............................................................................................................ 61
b. S lc cu to.............................................................................................................. 62
c. S dng......................................................................................................................... 63
8.3. CU HI V THC HNH............................................................................................ 65
A. Cu hi l thuyt .............................................................................................................. 65
B. Phn thc hnh trn b bin tn dng BJT cng sut v mch to xung kch dng vi iu
khin 89C51. ......................................................................................................................... 65
C. Phn thc hnh trn b bin tn Siemens G110. .............................................................. 66
1. iu khin G110 t cc DIN......................................................................................... 66
2. iu khin G110 t BOP .............................................................................................. 66
8.4. THIT B TH NGHIM................................................................................................... 67
8.5. TI LIU THAM KHO:................................................................................................. 68
BI 9: BIN TN TRC TIP ................................................................................................... 69
9.1. MC CH ........................................................................................................................ 69
9.2. S LC L THUYT ................................................................................................... 69
T
9.2.1. Mch cng sut: .......................................................................................................... 69

9.2.2. Mch iu khin (mch to xung kch):...................................................................... 69
9.3. CU HI V THC HNH............................................................................................ 71
A. Cu hi l thuyt: ............................................................................................................. 72
B. Cu hi thc hnh............................................................................................................. 73
1. Kho st mch to xung kch: ....................................................................................... 73
2. Kho st mch cng sut:.............................................................................................. 73
9.4. THIT B TH NGHIM:................................................................................................. 74
9.5. TI LIU THAM KHO:................................................................................................. 74
LI NI U
Nm 2001, B mn Vin thng v iu khin t ng, Khoa Cng ngh
thng tin & truyn thng, Trng i hc Cn Th, thc hin thit k li
cc bi th nghim in t cng sut. Cc bi th nghim ny c thit k
bao gm thit b th nghim v gio trnh, phc v cho cc chuyn ngnh in
t, Vin thng, T ng ha, K thut in,
Gio trnh th nghim in t cng sut c thc hin ln ny l s b sung
v ci tin gio trnh th nghim in t cng sut nm 2001. Gio trnh c
bin son gm 9 bi thc tp cho hc phn 2 tn ch, thi lng l 60 tit thc
tp, mi bi c thc hnh vi thi gian 6 tit, 6 tit cn li dnh cho kim tra
hc phn. Tuy nhin, ta cng c th chn ra 5 bi cho hc phn 1 tn ch.
Ti xin chn thnh cm n qu thy c trong B mn Vin thng & K
thut iu khin, Khoa Cng ngh thng tin & Truyn thng, hin nay l B
mn Vin thng v B mn T ng ha, khoa Cng ngh, tham gia thc
hin cc bi th nghim nm 2001.
Cm n ThS. Phm vn Tn, ThS. Nguyn Hong Dng, TS. Trn Thanh
Hng v qu thy, c khc c nhiu ng gp hon thnh gio trnh ny.
Cn Th, ngy 18 thng 2 nm 2009
ON HA MINH
Bi 1: Kho st linh kin cng sut c bn
BI 1: KHO ST LINH KIN CNG SUT C BN

Tham gia thc hin: KS. Trng Vn Tm
1.1. MC CH
Kho st cc linh kin cng sut: BJT, MOSFET, SCR v Triac. Trong lnh vc in
t cng sut, cc linh kin ny c dng nh cc chuyn mch (switch). V vy, ta ch
kho st chng trong hai ch ng (dn) v ngt (ngng dn), ring vi SCR v Triac
ta s kho st thm cc c tnh c bn nh in th phn cc, dng kch, gc m (iu
khin pha)
Qua bi thc hnh ny, sinh vin s hiu r hn nguyn l hot ng ca cc linh kin
cng sut, t , c th ng dng chng trong thc t.
1.2. KIN THC NN
lm tt bi th nghim ny, sinh vin phi t n tp kin thc nn trong cc gio
trnh l thuyt hc. y l cc linh kin quen thuc, nn trong cc phn sau y ch
nhc li mt s vn c bn.
1.2.1. BJT cng sut:
V cu to, nguyn l hat ng c bn vn ging nh BJT cng sut nh. Sau y
l cc c tnh ring ca BJT cng sut m ta cn lu :
H s khuch i dng in =
IC
ca BJT cng sut thng kh nh (khong
IB
vi chc).
Khi dng BJT nh mt chuyn mch, cc im cn quan tm l: thi gian chuyn
mch (thi gian chuyn t trng thi dn bo ha sang trng thi ngng dn v
ngc li) cng ngn cng tt; trng thi ng, mch kch phi to dng IB
ln (trong thc t IB ln t 2 n 5 ln IBSAT) bo m BJT dn in tt. Tt
nhin, ta phi thit k sao cho BJT hot ng khng vt qu cc nh mc.
B
BJT l lai linh kin cng sut c th kch ngt.

V d:
a) Ti t chn E (Hnh 1.1)
- Khi SW v tr 1 (ni mass), BJT ngng dn (ngt):
BJT nh mt SW v tr h (OFF,
R CE =
VCE
IC
) v Vo= 0, IL = 0.
- Khi SW v tr 2, BJT chuyn sang trng thi dn : R CE =
VCE
IC
Khi BJT dn bo ha (VCE 0, thc t t 0.1V 0.2V) th RCE 0 (BJT nh mt

SW ng mch - ON), V0 Vi
Gio trnh th nghim in t cng sut
Trang 8
IC # IL
IL
Vo
Vi
RL
RB
SW
2
B+
Hnh 1.1
- Vic iu khin nh trn c bt li l B+ phi ln hn VCC nu khng th BJT
khng bo ha tuyt i (phi phn cc thun c ni BC v BE).
ci thin ta c th:
b) t ti chn C (Hnh 1.2)
c) iu khin gin tip (Hnh 1.3):
Trang 9
* R3 ni B+ Q3, Q2, Q1 dn bo ha, SW trng thi ON

* R3 ni mass Q3, Q2, Q1 ngng, SW trng thi OFF
Trong hai trng hp trn B+ ch cn khong vi volt
1.2.2. MOSFET cng sut:
Bi th nghim ny kho st MOSFET loi tng (E-MOSFET) ch to di dng
V-MOSFET (Vertical MOSFET) hay D-MOSFET (Double-diffused MOSFET)
MOSFET knh N dn khi VGS > VGS(th) > 0 v VDS > 0.
MOSFET knh P dn khi VGS < VGS(th)< 0 v VDS < 0.
MOSFET knh N do VGS > 0 nn ti thng phi mc cc D khi s dng
MOSFET nh mt chuyn mch (Hnh 1.4).
MOSFET c u dim l khi bo ha l VDS xung rt thp nn cng sut tiu tn
bn trong (di dng nhit) nh hn nhiu so vi BJT
Ch : BJT c iu khin bng dng in IB, cn FET th c iu khin
bng in p VGS v in p ny ty thuc FET nn phi tht cn thn trnh
ID vt qu IDMAX m FET c th chu c.
1.2.3. SCR
a. K hiu (Hnh 1.5)
Trang 10
b. Khi phn cc thun: VA >VK (Hnh 1.6)
- SCR khng dn in khi VAK cn nh, khi tng VAK (bng cch tng VAA) n
tr s VBO (in th quay v) th SCR chuyn sang trng thi dn, lc ny VAK gim
xung cn khong 0.7V v hot ng nh Diode chnh lu. in p VBO thng kh ln
(t vi chc volt n vi trm volt ty SCR).
- Thc t ngi ta thng to dng kch IG SCR c th dn in ngay m
khng ch in th cao. Dng kch IG ti thiu v ti a ty thuc vo mi SCR nhng
ni chung cc dng ny cng ln (t vi mA n vi chc mA) khi SCR c cng sut
cng ln.
- Khi SCR dn, nu ta b dng kch th SCR vn tip tc dn in (khng th
tt SCR bng cc cng).
c. Khi phn cc nghch: VA <VK
SCR khng dn in cho d c dng kch IG
d. Tm li: SCR ch dn in mt chiu t Anode sang Cathode khi c dng kch IG
thch hp.
1.2.4. TRIAC
K hiu (Hnh 1.7)
T2 (u cui)
IG
VT1T2
G (Gate)
T1 (u cui)
Hnh 1.7
Triac cn c gi l SCR lng hng.
Khi VT2 >VT1, Triac dn in t T2 sang T1 khi kch bng dng cng IG dng
(VGT1>0)
Khi VT1 >VT2, Triac dn in t T1 sang T2 khi kch bng dng cng m.
Khi Triac VT2T1# 0,7V
Nh vy Triac dng trong in xoay chiu thun li hn SCR. Cng nh SCR, dng
cng ti thiu v ti a cng tu thuc vo mi Triac.
Trang 11
1.3. THC HNH:

1.3.1. BJT:
Ta kho st mt cng tc in t dng BJT. Mch thc hnh nh hnh sau (Hnh 1.8):
a) Bt SW v v tr mass. o in th ca cc chn Q1, Q2, Q3. Gii thch kt qu.

b) Bt SW v v tr +5V. Lp li cu 1.
c) Bt SW v v tr +5V. o V0 suy ra IC ( IC#
V0
) ca Q1
RL
d) Bt SW v v tr +5V. o VCE suy ra RCE ca Q1

1.3.2. MOSFET:
Mch thc tp c dng (Hnh 1.19):
Ti
vi
Vi
470/5W
47K
VR
10K
VD
RG
47
47K
0.33
Hnh 1.19
a) o VD chnh VR xc nh in th thm VGS(th)
b) o VD chnh VR n khi MOSFET bo ha. Xc nh th s ti thiu ca VGS
lm FET bo ha. Suy ra IDSAT .
So snh VDS(SAT) vi VCESAT ca BJT. Nhn xt.
Trang 12
1.3.3. SCR
A. Mc mch nh hnh sau: (Hnh 1.20):
a) Ln lt bt SW v v tr 1, 2, 3 quan st led (c mc song song vi ti, khi

SCR dn led chy sng). Gii thch kt qu.
b) t SW v v tr 2 quan st ti, xong bt v v tr 1. Nhn xt gii thch.
c) i cc ca ngun Vi, lp li cu a, gii thch kt qu.
B. Mc mch nh hnh sau (Hnh 1.21):

a) Chnh VR quan st ti. Gii thch.
b) Chnh VR , dng dao dng nghim quan st in p hai u ti, v li dng
sng mt v tr no ca VR khi SCR dn. Gii thch.
c) Ti sao bn k m SCR khng dn.
d) Chc nng ca diode D1.
e) Lm cch no tng cng sut ca SCR trong mch in xoay chiu?
Hnh 1.21
Trang 13
1.3.4. TRIAC
A. Mc mch nh hnh sau (Hnh 1.22):
a. Ln lt bt SW v v tr 1, 2, 3 quan st led v gii thch kt qu.

b. t SW v v tr 2 quan st ti, xong bt v v tr 1. Nhn xt gii thch.
c. i cc ca ngun VI, lp li cu a v b, gii thch kt qu.
B. Mc mch nh hnh sau (Hnh 1.23):
2,2K
50K
Ti
VR
47
Hnh 1.23
a. Gii thch nguyn tc hot ng ca mch (nu r chc nng cc linh kin
trong mch iu khin pha).
b. Chnh VR, quan st ti, v li dng sng hai u ti.
c. Th nu vi ng dng ca mch ny.
Trang 14
1.4. THIT B:
1. 01 Mch th nghim (board ln).
2. 01 oscilloscope
3. 01 VOM
1.5. TI LIU THAM KHO:
[1]. Cc bi ging v gio trnh IN T CNG SUT B Mn Vin Thng & K
thut iu khin - Khoa cng Ngh Thng Tin & Truyn thng HCT.
[2]. TRNG VN TM - LINH KIN IN T Gio trnh B Mn Vin
Thng & T ng Ha - Khoa cng Ngh Thng Tin & Truyn thng HCT 2001.
[3]. TRNG VN TM - MCH IN T Gio trnh B Mn Vin Thng &
T ng Ha - Khoa cng Ngh Thng Tin & Truyn thng HCT 2001.
Trang 15
Bi 2: M phng linh kin cng sut c bn
BI 2: M PHNG LINH KIN CNG SUT C BN

2.1. MC CH
c tnh hot ng ca linh kin c m t mt cch r rng nht thng qua c
tuyn ca n. c tuyn ca cc linh kin in t ch ph thuc vo loi linh kin m
khng ph thuc vo cng sut ca n v chng ta cng bit trong cc mn l thuyt
linh kin in t v in t cng sut. c tuyn ca mt linh kin c th xy dng t
thc nghim hoc v ra t m hnh ton hc ca n. Tuy rng linh kin cng sut hot
ng ch yu hai ch ngt (ngng dn) v ng (dn bo ha), nhng vic v c
tuyn ca linh kin gip cho sinh vin nm c c tnh hot ng ca linh kin, t
s dng chng tt hn trong cc mch cng sut. V vy, ni dung ch yu ca bi ny l
v c tuyn ca cc linh kin in t c bn t cc m hnh ton hc ca n, vi s tr
gip ca my tnh. Bi thc tp ny cn gip cho sinh vin nm c cc nguyn tc c
bn ca vic m phng linh kin hay mch in t bng my vi tnh.
2.2. NI DUNG
2.2.1. DIODE:
c tuyn biu din s ph thuc ca dng in I [A] qua diode vo in p V[V]
gia anode A v cathode K ca diode.
Qui c: chiu dng ca I l chiu t anode n cathode, tng ng vi chiu
dng ca in p hng v anode. Hnh 2.1 m t cu to (a) v k hiu ca diode (b) .
A
I
P
N
Phan cc thuan: U > 0, I > 0

Phan cc nghch: U < 0, I < 0
(a)
(b)
Hnh 2.1
2.2.1.1. M hnh ton hc [6]:

V
I = I S exp
Vt

kT
1 vi Vt =
c gi l nhit in th.
e

Trong : IS l dng in r; T l nhit tuyt i; e = 1,59.10-19Coulomb;

v k = 1.38.10-23 (hng s Boltzmann).
IS = 1,2mA i vi diode Germanium.
IS = 0,2nA i vi diode Silicon.
nhit bnh thng T = 3000K, Vt = 0,026 Volt
Trang 16
Khi phn cc thun, dng in qua diode tng nhanh, v th phi hn ch dng in qua
diode n khng b nh thng. Khi diode dn din, in p phn cc thun V=0,3 Volts
i vi diode Ge v V=0,7 Volts i vi diode Si. Do , V/Vt > 10 v exp(V/Vt) >>1.
V
I I S exp
Vt
Suy ra:
Cng thc trn ch ng khi dng in qua mi ni kh ln. Vi dng in nh (vi

mA tr xung) dng in qua diode l:
I Is[exp(V/Vt)-1]
Trong : =1 i vi diode Ge, =2 i vi diode Si
Trong th nghim, mch phn cc v c tuyn ca diode nh sau:
2.2.1.2. Thc hnh:

1) D vo m hnh ton hc, hy vit chng trnh v c tuyn I-V ca diode bng
ngn ng MATLAB (hoc ngn ng tu ) vi V bin thin t -10V n 0.7V
cho diode Si nhit bnh thng. Chy th chng trnh v so snh kt qu m
phng c vi c tuyn l thuyt hc. Da vo c tuyn v c, hy ghi
li cc i lng: IS khi phn cc ngc v V khi phn cc thun. [1], [6]
2) Dng phn mm Multisim V6.20 hoc 5.12 (Electronics WorkBench) v c
tuyn ca diode v so snh vi kt qu cu 1. [3], [7], [8], [9] Cho nhn xt.
2.2.2. TRANSISTOR
Cu to, k hiu v mch tng ng Ebers-Moll ca transistor NPN ln lt c
trnh by trong hnh 2.2 (a), (b), (c).
C
IC
C
VBC
N
B
IR
C
B
ICC
(ICS)
IB
(IES)
VBE
IEC
IF
(a)
IE
(c) E
(b)
Hnh 2.2
Trang 17
2.2.2.1. M hnh ton hc [6]:

Trong m hnh Ebers-Moll c bn (hnh 3.c), cc dng in IC, IB, IE c xc
nh bi cc biu thc sau:
Ic = FIES[exp (VBE/Vt)-1]-ICS[exp(VBC/Vt)-1]
IE = -IES[exp(VBE/Vt)-1]+IS[exp (VBCV/vt)-1]
IB = -(IC+IE)
Trong :
IES: dng in bo ha ngc ca diode B-E
ICS: dng in bo ha ngc ca diode B-C
F v R ln lt l li dng in thun v ngc ch tn hiu ln ca
BJT cc nn chung.
Hai ngun dng in ICC v IEC c iu khin bi IF v IR nh sau:
IF=ICC/F
IR=IEC/R
ICC=FIES[exp(VBC/Vt)-1]=FIF
IEC=RICS[exp(VBC/Vt)-1]=RIR
Ta c: FIES = RICS = IS (dng bo ha ca BJT)
Suy ra:
IF=IS/R [exp(VBE/Vt)-1]
IR=IS/R [exp(VBC/Vt)-1]
IEC=IS[exp(VBC/Vt)-1]
ICC=IS[exp(VBE/Vt)-1]
Da vo kt qu ny, ta c th biu din transistor theo m hnh vn chuyn
(transport model) nh trong hnh 2.3.a .
IC
VBC
B
C
IC
IEC/R
IB
ICC
(IS/R)
VBE
IEC/R
IB
B
(IS/F)
IEC
ICC/F
ICC/F
ICC -IEC
(IS/F)
IE
(a)
IE
Hnh 2.3
(b)
Trang 18
Ni chung cc tham s F v R thng khng c dng m hnh ha

transistor, ngi ta thay th bng cc tham s thn thin hn, l:
v
R=R/(1-R)
F=F/(1-F)
F v R ln lt l li dng in thun v li dng in ngc ca transistor
mc cc E chung. M hnh Ebers-Moll c th c thay i bng cch thay th ICC v IEC
bi mt ngun dng duy nht c biu thc nh sau:
ICT = ICC IEC = IS[exp(VBE/VT) - exp(VBC/VT)]
M hnh ny c trnh by trong hnh 2.3.b.
2.2.2.2. Thc hnh: [1], [3], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11]
1) Da vo m hnh ton hc, hy vit chng trnh v c tuyn ng vo vi VBE
bin thin t 0 n 0.7V ca BJT loi Silicon bng ngn ng MATLAB (hoc
ngn ng tu ), nhit bnh thng. Chy th chng trnh v so snh kt
qu m phng c vi c tuyn l thuyt hc.
2) D vo m hnh ton hc, hy vit chng trnh v c tuyn ng ra vi VCE
bin thin t 0 n 24V ca BJT loi Silicon bng ngn ng MATLAB (hoc
ngn ng tu ), nhit bnh thng. Chy th chng trnh v so snh kt
qu m phng c vi c tuyn l thuyt hc.
3) D vo m hnh ton hc, hy vit chng trnh v c tuyn truyn ca BJT loi
Silicon bng ngn ng MATLAB (hoc ngn ng tu ), nhit bnh thng,
vi VCE bin thin t 0 n 24V v VBE bin thin t 0 n 0.7V . Chy th
chng trnh v so snh kt qu m phng c vi c tuyn l thuyt hc.
tuyn ng vo v c tuyn ng ra ca BJT, so snh vi kt qu cu 1, cu 2 v
cu 3. Cho nhn xt.
Gi :
Da vo m hinh cu trc ny ta tm c:
IC= IS(VBE/Vt)-exp(VBC/Vt)]-IS/R[exp(VBC/Vt)-1]
IB= IS/R[exp(VBC/Vt)-1]+ IS/R[exp(VBE/Vt)-1]
IE=IS[(VBE/Vt)-exp(VBC/Vt)]-IS/R[exp(VBE/Vt)-1]
Phng trnh c tuyn ng vo ca transistor:
IB=f(VBE)|VCE
IB= IS/R[exp(VBC/Vt)-1]+ IS/R[exp(VBE/Vt)-1]
Thay VBC=VBE-VCE, suy ra:
IB= IS/R[exp(VBC/Vt)-1]+ IS/R{exp(VBE--VCE)/Vt]-1}
Phng trnh c tuyn ng ra ca transistor:
IC=f(VCE)|IB
Thc t VBE<<-Vt, suy ra:
IC=ISexp(VBE/Vt)
Phng trnh c tuyn truyn ca transistor:
IC=f(VBE)|VCE
Trang 19
Thay VBC=VBE-VCE ta c:
IC= IS{(VBE/Vt)-exp[(VBE-VCE)/Vt]}-IS/R{exp[(VBE-VCE)/Vt]-1}
2.2.3. MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor)
MOSFET c 2 loi: loi him (DE-MOSFET: Depletion-type MOSFET) v loi
tng (E-MOSFET: Enhancement-type MOSFET).
Trong bi thc hnh ny ta ch kho st loi tng (E-MOSFET)
2.2.3.1. E-MOSFET transistor [2], [12]
Cu to cn bn
E-MOSFET c hai loi: loi knh N v loi knh P.
M hnh 2.4 m t cu to, k hiu v hnh dng ca hai loi E-MOSFET knh N
v knh P.
Hnh 2.4
Hot ng
Khi VGS<0, do khng c thng l ni lin gia hai vng thot v ngun, nn mc d
c ngun in th VDS p vo hi cc thot v ngun, in t cng khng th di chuyn
nn khng c dng thot ID (ID=0) lc ny ch c mt dng r rt nh chy qua.
Khi VGS>0 mt in trng c to ra vng cng. Do cng mang in tch
dng nn ht cc in t trong nn P _ (l ht ti in thiu s ) n tp trung mt i
din ca vng cng. Khi VGS ln, lc ht mnh cc in t n tp trung nhiu v to
thnh mt thng l tm thi ni lin gia hai vng ngun S v thot D. in th VGS m
t dng in thot ID bt u tng c gi l in th thm cng ngun VGS(th). Khi
VGS tng ln hn VGS(th), dng in thot ID tip tc tng nhanh..
Dng in thot ID c xc nh theo tng iu kin sau:
ID=0 ,VGS<Vth
ID=[VGS-Vth-(VDS/2)]VDS ,VGS>Vth and VGS-VDS>Vth
ID=(/2)(VGS-Vth)2 ,VGS>Vth and VGS-VDS<=Vth
Vi =kP(W/L) gi l tham s h dn
Trang 20
Thc hnh [1], [3], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11]
1) Xy dng m hnh ton hc, vit chng trnh v c tuyn ng ra ca MOSFET
knh N bng ngn ng MATLAB (hoc ngn ng tu ), nhit bnh
thng, vi VDS bin thin t 0 n 24V v VGS = -2V; -1V; 0V; 1V; 2V; 3V;
4V; 5V; 6V. Chy th chng trnh v so snh kt qu m phng c vi c
tuyn l thuyt hc.
2) Xy dng m hnh ton hc, vit chng trnh v c tuyn truyn ca
MOSFET knh N bng ngn ng MATLAB (hoc ngn ng tu ), nhit
bnh thng, vi VGS bin thin t 0 n 10V v VDS= 24V. Chy th chng
trnh v so snh kt qu m phng c vi c tuyn l thuyt hc.
tuyn ng ra v c tuyn truyn ca MOSFET, so snh vi kt qu cu 1 v
cu 2. Cho nhn xt.
2.2.4. THYRISTOR (SCR) [2], [10]
SCR vTriac l cc linh kin iu khin khng th kch ngt. Cng dng quan trng
ca n l iu khin cng sut trn ti. Trong trng hp ny chng ng vai tr nh
mt kha in t, nn ch c 2 trng thi dn (ng) v kha (ngt). SCR iu khin cng
sut DC, TRIAC iu khin cng sut AC. Tuy nhin, ta cng c th dng 2 SCR hoc
kt hp SCR vi mt s Diode iu khin cng sut AC.
Cu to, k hiu, hnh dng thc t v c tuyn vo ra ca SCR c trnh by
trong hnh 2.5.
Hnh 2.5
Ta thy, SCR ch dn in mt chiu.
- Kch ng (m): VAK > 0, IG > 0
Trang 21
SCR kha ta khng th kch bng dng IG. SCR kha phi tha iu kin
sau: VAK 0 .
2.2.4.1.Cc thng s k thut c bn ca SCR l:

-
Dng in thun nh mc: In (A)

in p ngc cc i Vinmax (V)
in p ri V (V)
in p iu khin VG (V)
Dng in iu khin IG (mA).
Tc d tng dng in di/dt (A/s)
Tc d tng in p dv/dt (V/s)
Dng in r ICO (mA)
2.2.4.2. Thc hnh [1], [3], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11]
1) Xy dng m hnh ton hc, vit chng trnh v c tuyn truyn ca SCR bng
ngn ng MATLAB (hoc ngn ng tu ), nhit bnh thng. Chy th
chng trnh v so snh kt qu m phng c vi c tuyn l thuyt hc.
tuyn ng ra v c tuyn truyn ca SCR, so snh vi kt qu cu 1. Cho
nhn xt.
2.2.5. TRIAC [2], [12]
Cu to, k hiu, hnh dng thc t v c tuyn vo ra ca TRIAC c trnh by
trong hnh 2.6.
Hnh 2.6
-
Triac dn c 2 chiu.
Triac c kch ng (dn) bng dng in IG
a Triac t trng thi dn sang trng thi kha phi c 2 iu kin l : IG=0
v in p ngun i chiu.
Triac c th c kch ng trong 4 trng hp sau :

a/. VD>0, VG>0, IG>0 (chiu dng l chiu mi tn)
b/. VD>0, VG<0, IG<0
c/. VD<0, VG>0, IG>0
d/. VD<0, VG<0, IG<0
Triac t nhy nht trong trng hp c/.
Trang 22
2.2.5.1. Cc thng s k thut c bn ca TRIAC l:

-
Dng in nh mc: In (A)

in p in mc Vn (V)
in p ri V (V)
in p iu khin VG (V)
Dng in iu khin IG (mA).
Tc d tng dng in di/dt (A/s)
Tc d tng in p dv/dt (V/s)
Dng in r ICO (mA)
2.2.5.2. Thc hnh:

1) Xy dng m hnh ton hc, hy vit chng trnh v c tuyn truyn ca
TRIAC bng ngn ng MATLAB (hoc ngn ng tu ), nhit bnh
thng, vi VGS bin thin t 0 n 10V v VDS= 24V. Chy th chng trnh v
so snh kt qu m phng c vi c tuyn l thuyt hc.
2) Dng phn mm Multisim V6.20 (Electronics WorkBench) v c tuyn ng
ra v c tuyn truyn ca TRIAC, so snh vi kt qu cu 1. Cho nhn xt.
[1]. Cc bi ging v gio trnh CAD B Mn Vin Thng & K thut iu khin Khoa cng Ngh Thng Tin & Truyn thng HCT.
[3]. NGUYN CH NGN - Gio trnh THIT K M PHNG MCH V V
MCH IN - B Mn Vin Thng & K thut iu khin - Khoa cng Ngh Thng Tin &
Truyn thng HCT 2003.
Thng & T ng Ha - Khoa cng Ngh Thng Tin HCT 2001.
[5]. TRNG VN TM - MCH IN T Gio trnh B Mn Vin Thng &
T ng Ha - Khoa cng Ngh Thng Tin HCT 2001.
[6]. M. BIALKO, R. CRAMPAGNE, D. ANDREU BASIC METHODS FOR
MICROCOMPUTER AIDED ANALYSIS OF ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS Prentice
Hall 1995.
[7]. http://www.vocw.edu.vn/content/m10373/latest/
[8]. http://www.electronicsworkbench.com/index.html
[9]. http://www.box.net/shared/rma8ut6x4s
[10]. http://www.powersimtech.com
[11]. http:// www.mathworks.com
[12]. Zainal Salam POWER ELECTRONICS AND DRIVES Version 3
UTM.JB 2003
Trang 23
Bi 3: Chnh lu mt pha c iu khin
BI 3: CHNH LU MT PHA C IU KHIN

Tham gia thc hin: KS Ng Trc Hng
3.1. MC CH
-
Kho st mch chnh lu khng iu khin dng Diode cng sut.

Kho st mch chnh lu dng SCR.
Kt hp SCR v Diode chnh lu v iu khin cng sut ng ra bng cch
thay i gc m (gc tr) .
3.2. CC KIN THC LIN QUAN

3.2.1. Sinh vin n li:
-
Cc nguyn tc cu to ca diode v SCR, cc mch chnh lu dng diode v

SCR.
Nguyn tc iu khin gc m.
Chnh lu mt pha bn iu khin.
Chnh lu mt pha iu khin hon ton.
3.2.2. Sinh vin tm hiu v gii thch nguyn tc hot ng ca mch to xung kch:
Board to xung kch dng to v cp xung kch cho board cng sut ti nhng thi
im mong mun.
Hot dng ca n c m t bng gin dng sng tn hiu trong hnh 3.1.
S mch th nghim c trnh by trong hnh 3.2 cui bi th nghim ny.
3.3. THC HNH:
3.3.1. Kho st Board mch to xung kch:
Ni board mch kch xung vo Board cng sut bng dy BUS 4 si.
a. Quan st v v li dng sng ca TP3 v TP6 trn cng mt th. iu chnh
VR1, cho nhn xt.
b. Quan st v v li dng sng ca TP3 v TP8 trn cng th, iu chnh VR1,
cho nhn xt.
c. o v v li dng sng ca TP3 v TP9 trn cng th. iu chnh VR2, cho
nhn xt.
d. Trng hp cu c. khc vi trng hp cu b. v thi im kch xung nh th no?
Trang 24
TP3
Tn hiu ng vo
TP4
Qua so snh
TP5
Qua mch vi phn
TP6
Qua a hi n n
TP7
Qua mch to xung

Cng EXOR
TP8
Qua mch chn xung,

Xung kch bn k dng
TP9
Xung kch bn k m
Hnh 3.1: Gin dng sng to tn hiu
Trang 25
Hnh 3.2: Mch to xung kch TRAC

3.3.2. Kho st nguyn tc iu khin gc m:
Rp mch nh hnh 3.3:
MOC3021
U1
Q1
R3
Q2
R2
R6
U2
MOC3021
SCR
2
R4
TP2
R1
SCR
1
D3
TP1
R2
1
R1
R1
4
R5
SCR
SCR
2
Q3
MOC3021
U3
R2
Q4
MOC3021
U4
Board Tai
Dm
Hnh 3.3
a. iu chnh gc m = /2
- V li dng sng in p AC ( nn ly ng vo trn mch to xung, ti im TP3),
xung kch v ng ra Vo theo cng trc thi gian.
- Tnh cng sut trn ti.
b. Thay i gc m bng cch chnh bin tr VR1, quan st sng ca n, cho
nhn xt v cng sut trn ti theo gc m .
Trang 26
3.3.3. Kho st chnh lu cu dng 4 diode cng sut:

Mc mch nh hnh 3.4:
220K
Vin
TP1 Vo
TP2
5K
Board ti
Hnh 3.4
Dng Oscilloscope quan st dng sng trn TP1 v TP2
- V li dng sng Vin v Vo theo cng trc thi gian.
- Tnh cng sut trn ti, so snh cng sut vi cu 2.3.1.
3.3.4. Kho st chnh lu cu, bn iu khin
Mc mch nh hnh 3.5 :
MOC3021
U1
Q1
R3
SCR
R4
TP2
R1
R6
U2
MOC3021
SCR
2
Q2
R2
1
D3
D1
D2
R5
Board Tai
Dm
TP1
Hnh 3.5
a. h Dm, ni ti R (bng n 75W)
- iu chnh gc m ca T1 v T2 bng /3 v /3+ (tng ng vi xung kch
ti TP8 v TP9). V li dng sng in p AC ( nn ly ng vo trn mch to
xung, ti im TP3), xung kch ca T1 v T2, v in p ng ra Vo
- Tnh cng sut trn ti.
b. Thay i gc m ca T1 v T2 l 2/3 v +2/3
- Cho nhn xt v sng ca n.
- Tnh li cng sut trn ti.
c. Mc ti R-L (gm n v cun cm ni tip).
- Lp li cu a v b ( khng cn tnh cng sut trn ti).
-Ni Dm vo mch, thay i thi im kch xung ca T1 v T2. Quan st dng sng
trn ti v nu nhn xt.
- Cho bit cng dng ca Dm.
Trang 27
3.3.5. Chnh lu cu 1 pha iu khin hon ton

Mc mch nh hnh 3.6 :
C
MOC3021
U1
Q1
R3
Q2
R2
R6
U2
MOC3021
SCR
2
R4
TP2
R1
SCR
1
D3
TP1
R2
1
MOC3021
U4
Q3
MOC3021
U3
R1
R1
4
SCR
SCR
2
R5
R2
Q4
Board Tai
Dm
Hnh 3.6
a. Mc ti R ( bng n):
a.1. Chnh gc m ca T1, T2 l /3 v +/3
- V li dng sng Vin, xung kch T1, T2 v Vo. Tnh cng sut.
a.2. Thay i gc m l 2/3 v +2/3
- Lp li cu a.1. Nhn xt sng ca n
b. Mc ti R-L (gm n v cun cm ni tip):
h Dm,
b.1. Lp li cu a.1. Cho nhn xt dng sng va v c g khc vi cu a.1, cho

bit nh hng ca cun cm va mc vo?
b.2. Lp li cu a.2. Cho nhn xt so vi cu b.1
b.3. Ni Dm vo mch, thay i thi im kch xung ca c 2 bn k (thay i gc m),
dng Oscilloscope quan st dng sng trn ti, cho nhn xt . Dng sng trn ti c g khc so
vi trng hp h Dm? Gii thch? (Dng thm hnh v).
3.4. THIT B TH NGHIM

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
01 mch to xung iu khin (board nh).

01 mch cng sut (board ln).
01 board ti.
01 oscilloscope.
01 VOM.
Dy ni mch.
Trang 28

[1]. Cc bi ging v gio trnh IN T CNG SUT B Mn Vin Thng &
K thut iu khin - Khoa cng Ngh Thng Tin & Truyn thng HCT.
[2]. NGUYN VN NH - GIO TRNH IN T CNG SUT I NXB i
hc Quc gia TP HCM 2002.
Thng & K thut iu khin - Khoa cng Ngh Thng Tin & Truyn thng
HCT 2001.
[4]. TRNG VN TM - MCH IN T Gio trnh B Mn Vin Thng
& K thut iu khin - Khoa cng Ngh Thng Tin & Truyn thng HCT
2001.
[5]. CYRIL W. LANDER POWERS ELETRONICS McGraw-Hill, London
1987.
[6]. Zainal Salam POWER ELECTRONICS AND DRIVES Version 3
UTM.JB 2003
Trang 29
Bi 4: Lp trnh m phng mch chnh lu bng Matlab
BI 4: LP TRNH M PHNG MCH CHNH LU BNG

MATLAB
4.1. MC CH
-
Bit cch xy dng m hnh tan hc m phng mch in t, c bit l

mch in t cng sut.
Nm vng nguyn tc hat ng ca mch chnh lu khng iu khin v c
iu khin.
Thy r dng in p v dng in ng ra, c bit khi ti c cm khng.
Rn luyn k nng xy dng phn mm m phng.
Cng c cc kin thc v k nng hc trong bi 2.
4.2. KIN THC NN

-
Sinh vin t n tp l thuyt v mch chnh lu khng iu khin v c iu

khin; mt pha v 3 pha.
Gi s cc linh kin cng sut c dng l l tng v ng vai tr ca mt cng
tc (khi ng in th gia 2 cc chnh bng 0, khi ngt dng in qua n bng 0).
Khi m phng mch chnh lu bng MATLAB, ta khng th s dng cc khi dng
sn trong th vin SIMULINK. V vy, ta phi xy dng m hnh ton hc cho mch
in (cc phng trnh ca dng in v in p), t vit chng trnh m phng.
4.3. THC HNH

Trong bi ny, sinh vin s m phng mch chnh lu 3 pha, vi ngun in 3 pha
l tng c cc in p pha lch nhau 1200, nh sau:
u1 = um sin(x), vi x = t = 2Ft
u2 = um sin(x-2/3)
u3 = um sin(x-4/3)
Cc linh kin cng sut c gi thit l l tng, hot ng 2 trng thi: ng (in
tr gia 2 cc chnh bng 0, in p ri bng 0), ngt (in tr gia 2 cc chnh bng ).
4.3.1. Chnh lu 3 pha mch tia khng iu khin
Xt trng hp ti R-L-E v gi s c th b qua tng tr ca ngun
Hnh 4.1: Chnh lu 3 pha mch tia khng iu khin ti thun tr.
Ch chiu dng in p c qui c nh sau: + Gio trnh th nghim in t cng sut
Trang 30
a. Chng trnh mu 1:
function [i_d,u_d]=cl_diode_RLE(u,r,l,e,F)
% cl_diode_RLE(u,r,l,e,F) m phng mch chnh lu tia 3 pha khng iu khin dng
% diode, ti R-L-E, tnh in p v dng in chnh lu trn ti, v th ca cc i lng
% ny vi cng thang o trn trn trc gc pha x = wt = 2Ft, w l tn s gc ca ngun 3
% pha. i s vo (input argument) u l gi tr hiu dng ca in p ngun, r v l gi tr
% ca in tr v cun dy trn ti, e sc in ng trn ti hoc ngun dc trn ti, F l tn
% s ca in p ngun. i s ra (Output argument) i_d l dng in qua ti , u_d l in
% p trn ti. Cc th c v theo bin x = wt . V gi tr ca dng in rt nh so vi
% in p, nn c th quan st dng sng ca dng in tt hn, trc khi v th, dng
% in c nhn ln t 3 n 10 ln so vi gi tr tht.
global R L E f u_m % Khai bo bin ton cc.
if nargin < 4
error('Requires 4 or 5 input arguments.')
elseif nargin >= 4
R=r;L=l;E=e;
% Gn i s vo cho cc bin ton cc.
u_m=sqrt(2)*u; % Tnh bin in p ngun 3 pha.
% Khai bo vector bin gc pha x, x=wt.
x1=[0:0.01:pi/6];x2=[pi/6+0.01:0.01:5*pi/6];
x3=[5*pi/6+0.01:0.01:9*pi/6];x4=[9*pi/6+0.01:0.01:13*pi/6];
x=[x1 x2 x3 x4];
% Khai bo in p ngun in 3 pha.
u_1=u_m*sin(x);
u_2=u_m*sin(x-2*pi/3);
% Mc nh bin tn s f =50, khi khng c i s vo F.
if nargin==4
f=50;
else
f=F;
end
% Tnh dng in ti bng cch s dng hm ode15s gii phng
% trnh vi phn ud = Rid + L
di d
+ E, nu L khc 0.
dt
if L==0
i_d1=(u_m*sin(x1-4*pi/3)-E)/R;i_d2=(u_m*sin(x2)-E)/R;
i_d3=(u_m*sin(x3-2*pi/3)-E)/R;i_d4=(u_m*sin(x4-4*pi/3)-E)/R;
i_d=[i_d1 i_d2 i_d3 i_d4];
else
[k_1,id1]=ode15s('phuongtrinh3',[0:0.01:pi/6],u_m/(R+2*pi*f*L));
[k_1,id2]=ode15s('phuongtrinh1',[pi/6+0.01:0.01:5*pi/6],
id1(length(id1)));
[k_1,id3]=ode15s('phuongtrinh2',[5*pi/6+0.01:0.01:9*pi/6],
id2(length(id2)));
[k_1,id4]=ode15s('phuongtrinh3',[9*pi/6+0.01:0.01:13*pi/6],
id3(length(id3)));
i_d=[id1' id2' id3' id4'];
end
Trang 31
i_d3=3*i_d;
%Tng thang o ca dng in ln t 3 n 10 ln.
for n=1:length(x)
if (x(n)<=pi/6) % Gi s ti thi im t=0, D3 ng
u_d(n)=u_3(n);
u_v1(n)=(u_1(n)-u_3(n));
i_v1(n)=0;
elseif (x(n)>pi/6)&(x(n)<=5*pi/6)
% D1 ng.
u_v1(n)=0;
u_d(n)=u_1(n);
i_v1(n)=i_d(n);
elseif (x(n)>5*pi/6)&(x(n)<=9*pi/6) % D2 ng.
u_v1(n)=u_1(n)-u_2(n);
u_d(n)=u_2(n);
i_v1(n)=0;
elseif (9*pi/6<x(n)&x(n)<=13*pi/6) % D3 ng
u_d(n)=u_3(n);
u_v1(n)=(u_1(n)-u_3(n));
i_v1(n)=0;
end
end;
% V th ca in p ngun 3 pha, in p v dng in ti, in p v % dng in
trn diode D1
subplot(311);
plot(x,u_1,'r',x,u_2,'g',x,u_3,'b');
grid on
xlabel('x'),ylabel('u');
legend('u_1','u_2','u_3');
subplot(312);
plot(x,u_d,'b',x,i_d3,'r');
grid on
xlabel('x'),ylabel('u_d i_d');
legend('u_d','3*i_d');
subplot(313);
plot(x,u_v1,'b',x,10*i_v1,'r');
grid on
xlabel('x'),ylabel('u_v_1 i_v_1');
legend('u_v_1','10*i_v_1');
% V li dng sng in p v dng in ti trn mt ca s ha
% ring.
figure('Color','w');
grid on
end;
function ham=phuongtrinh1(x,i)
Trang 32
% nh ngha phng trnh vi phn cho hm ode23s.

global u R L E f u_m
ham=(-i(1)*R/L+ u_m*sin(x)/L-E/L)/(2*pi*f);
% nh ngha phng trnh vi phn cho hm ode23s
ham(1)=(-i(1)*R/L+ u_m*sin(x-2*pi/3)/L-E/L)/(2*pi*f);
% nh ngha phng trnh vi phn cho hm ode23s
ham(1)=-i(1)*R/(2*pi*f*L)+ u_m*sin(x-4*pi/3)/(2*pi*f*L)-E/(2*pi*f*L);
b. Cu hi:
1. Hon thnh cc khong trng trong h phng trnh m t trng thi mch in
(hnh 4.1) sau y:
+ Khi 0 < x /6 v 9/6 <x 2 (D3 dn, D1, D2 ngt):
id = ; iD1 = .; iD2 =.; ud = .
+ Khi /6 < x 5/6 ( D1 dn, D2 , D3 ngt):
id = ; iD3 = .; iD2 =.; ud = ..
+ Khi 5/6 < x 9/6 ( D2 dn, D1 , D3 ngt):
id =.. ; iD1 = ..; iD3 = .; ud = ..
Quan h gia dng in ti id v in p trn ti ud: id =
in p trn cc diode, v d D1:
+ uD1 = ..
khi D1 dn ( /6 < x 5/6)
khi D1 ngng dn.
+ uD1 = ...
2. V lu thut ton ca chng trnh m phng cl_diode_RLE (chng
trnh mu 1).
3. Chy chng trnh MATLAB cl_diode_RLE vi in p hiu dng ca ngun 3
pha l 220V, in tr ti l R=10 , E=0V, F=50Hz, ln lt vi cc gi tr L khc nhau:
L=0H, L=0.001H, L=0.01H v L=0.1H. Nhn xt (so snh cc trng hp L khc nhau
v so vi l thuyt).
4. M PSIM, rp mch nh hnh 4.1 v chy chng trnh m phng trn PSIM
ln lt vi cc thng s ca R-L-E nh cu 4.1.3. So snh kt qu vi cu 3.1.3 v cho
nhn xt. (Nh mc thm cc ampere k v volt k vo cc v tr cn o dng in v
in p).
Trang 33
4.3.2. CHNH LU 3 PHA MCH TIA C IU KHIN

Xt trng hp ti R_L_E v gi s c th b qua tng tr ca ngun.
Hnh 4.2: Chnh lu 3 pha mch tia c iu khin ti R_L_E.

Ch chiu dng in p c qui c nh sau: + a. Chng trnh mu 2:
function [i_d,u_d]=cl_diode_RLE_dk(u,r,l,e,al,F)
% cl_diode_RLE_dk(u,r,l,e,al,F) m phng mch chnh lu tia 3 pha c iu khin dng
% diode, ti R-L-E, tnh in p v dng in chnh lu trn ti, v th ca cc i lng
% ny vi cng thang o trn trn trc gc pha x = wt = 2*pi*f*t, w l tn s gc ca
% ngun in 3 pha. i s vo (input argument) u l gi tr hiu dng ca in p
ngun, r
% v l l gi tr ca in tr v cun dy trn ti, e sc in ng trn ti hoc ngun dc
% trn ti, F l tn s ca in p ngun. i s ra (Output argument) i_d l dng in qua
% ti , u_d l in p trn ti. Cc th c v theo bin x . V gi tr ca dng in rt
% nh so vi in p, nn c th quan st dng sng ca dng in tt hn, trc khi v
% th, dng in c tng ln t 3 n 10 ln so vi gi tr tht.
global R L E a f u_m % Khai bo bin ton cc.
if nargin < 5
error('Requires 5 or 6 input arguments.')
elseif nargin >= 5
R=r;L=l;E=e;a=al; %Gn gi tr cc bin theo gi tr ca cc i s vo.
u_m=sqrt(2)*u; % Tnh bin ca in p ngun.
% Khai bo bin gc pha x=wt=2*pi*t, t l thi gian.
x1=[0:0.01:pi/6+a];x2=[pi/6+0.01+a:0.01:5*pi/6+a];
x3=[5*pi/6+0.01+a:0.01:9*pi/6+a];x4=[9*pi/6+0.01+a:0.01:13*pi/6];
x=[x1 x2 x3 x4];
% Khai bo in p ngun 3 pha.
u_1=u_m*sin(x);
% Gn gi tr mc nh cho bin tn s .
if nargin==4
Trang 34
f=50;
else
f=F;
end
% Tnh dng in qua ti.
if L==0
i_d1=(u_m*sin(x1-4*pi/3)-E)/R;i_d2=(u_m*sin(x2)-E)/R;
i_d3=(u_m*sin(x3-2*pi/3)-E)/R;i_d4=(u_m*sin(x4-4*pi/3)-E)/R;
i_d=[i_d1 i_d2 i_d3 i_d4];
else
[k_1,id1]=ode23s('phuongtrinh3',[0:0.01:pi/6+a],u_m/(R+2*pi*f*L));
[k_1,id2]=ode23s('phuongtrinh1',[pi/6+0.01+a:0.01:5*pi/6+a],id1(length(id1)));
[k_1,id3]=ode23s('phuongtrinh2',[5*pi/6+0.01+a:0.01:9*pi/6+a],id2(length(id2)));
[k_1,id4]=ode23s('phuongtrinh3',[9*pi/6+0.01+a:0.01:13*pi/6],id3(length(id3)));
i_d=[id1' id2' id3' id4'];
end
for k=1:length(i_d) % Nu gi tr m th cho bng zero.
if i_d(k)<0
i_d(k)=0;
end
end
i_d3=3*i_d;
%Tng thang o ca dng in ln 3 ln, d nhn thy trn th.
for n=1:length(x)
if (x(n)<=pi/6+a) % Gi s ti thi im t=0, D3 ng
u_d(n)=u_3(n);
u_v1(n)=(u_1(n)-u_3(n));
i_v1(n)=0;
elseif (x(n)>pi/6+a)&(x(n)<=5*pi/6+a) % D1 ng.
u_v1(n)=0;
u_d(n)=u_1(n);
i_v1(n)=i_d(n);
elseif (x(n)>5*pi/6+a)&(x(n)<=9*pi/6+a) % D2 ng.
u_v1(n)=u_1(n)-u_2(n);
u_d(n)=u_2(n);
i_v1(n)=0;
elseif (9*pi/6+a<x(n)&x(n)<=13*pi/6) % D3 ng
u_d(n)=u_3(n);
u_v1(n)=(u_1(n)-u_3(n));
i_v1(n)=0;
end
end;
% V th
subplot(311);
plot(x,u_1,'r',x,u_2,'g',x,u_3,'b');
grid on
xlabel('x'),ylabel('u');
legend('u_1','u_2','u_3');
subplot(312);
Trang 35
grid on
subplot(313);
plot(x,u_v1,'b',x,10*i_v1,'r');
grid on
xlabel('x'),ylabel('u_D_1 i_D_1');
legend('u_D_1','10*i_D_1');
end;
b. Cu hi:
1. Hon thnh cc khong trng trong h phng trnh m t trng thi mch in
(hnh 3.1) sau y:
+ Khi 0 < x /6 + v 9/6 + <x 13/6 (D3 dn, D1, D2 ngt):
id = ; iD1 = .; iD2 =.; ud = .
+ Khi /6 + < x 5/6 + ( D1 dn, D2 , D3 ngt):
id = ; iD3 = .; iD2 =.; ud = ..
+ Khi 5/6 + < x 9/6 + ( D2 dn, D1 , D3 ngt):
id =.. ; iD1 = ..; iD3 = .; ud = ..
Quan h gia dng in ti id v in p trn ti ud: id =
in p trn cc diode, v d D1:
+ uD1 = ..
khi D1 dn ( /6 + < x 5/6 + )
khi D1 ngng dn.
+ uD1 = ...
2. Chng trnh mu 1 cl_diode_RLE khc vi chng trnh mu 2 phn no?
3. Chy chng trnh MATLAB cl_diode_RLE_dk vi in p hiu dng ca
ngun 3 pha l 220V, in tr ti l R=10 , E=0V, = /4 rad, F=50Hz, ln lt vi
cc gi tr L khc nhau: L=0H, L=0.001H, L=0.01H v L=0.1H. Nhn xt (so snh cc
trng hp L khc nhau v so vi l thuyt).
4. Chy chng trnh MATLAB cl_diode_RLE_dk vi in p hiu dng ca
ngun 3 pha l 220V, in tr ti l R=10 , E=0V, L=0.01H, F=50Hz, ln lt vi cc
gi tr khc nhau: = 0 rad, = /4 rad, = /3 rad . Nhn xt (so snh cc trng
hp khc nhau v so vi l thuyt).
5. M PSIM, rp mch nh hnh 4.2 (phi thm vo mch to xung kch) v chy
chng trnh m phng trn PSIM ln lt vi cc thng s ca R-L-E nh cu 4.2.4. So
snh kt qu vi cu 4.2.4 v cho nhn xt. (Nh mc thm cc ampere k v volt k vo
cc v tr cn o in p v dng in).
Trang 36
Trng hp c hin tng trng dn ti R_L v cm khng ca ngun LC khng th

b qua (LC 0).
Hnh 4.3: Chnh lu 3 pha mch tia c iu khin ti R_L, LC 0.

Ch chiu dng in p c qui c nh sau: + Cu hi:
6. Hin tng trng dn l g?
7. M PSIM, lp rp mch nh hnh 4.3 (phi thm vo mch to xung kch mc
thm cc ampere k v volt k vo cc v tr cn o dng in v in p) v chy
chng trnh m phng trn PSIM ln lt vi cc thng s:
R=10, L= 0.01 H, = /3 rad, LC = 0.001 H.
So snh kt qu vi cu 4.2.4 v cho nhn xt.
Trang 37

[2]. Cc bi ging v gio trnh CAD B Mn Vin Thng & K thut iu khin Khoa cng Ngh Thng Tin & Truyn thng HCT.
[3]. NGUYN CH NGN - Gio trnh THIT K M PHNG MCH V V MCH
IN - B Mn Vin Thng & K thut iu khin - Khoa cng Ngh Thng Tin & Truyn
thng HCT 2003.
[4]. NGUYN VN NH - GIO TRNH IN T CNG SUT I NXB i hc
Quc gia TP HCM 2002.
[5]. TRNG VN TM - MCH IN T Gio trnh B Mn Vin Thng & K
thut iu khin - Khoa cng Ngh Thng Tin & Truyn thng HCT 2001.
[6].M. BIALKO, R. CRAMPAGNE, D. ANDREU BASIC METHODS FOR
MICROCOMPUTER AIDED ANALYSIS OF ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS Prentice
Hall 1995.
[7]. http:// www.powersimtech.com
[8]. http:// www.mathworks.com
Trang 38
Bi 5: M phng mch chnh lu mt pha c iu khin bng Psim
BI 5: M PHNG MCH CHNH LU MT PHA C IU

KHIN BNG PSIM
5.1. MC CH:
Dng phn mm PSIM m phng mch chnh lu iu khin mt pha na chu k
v mch chnh lu iu khin mt pha hai na chu k. So snh vi kt qu trong bi 3 v
bi 4. T cng c c kin thc v vic iu khin ng ngt cc linh kin cng sut
ni chung v mch chnh lu c iu khin ni ring. ng thi hnh thnh c
phng php v k nng vit chng trnh m phng cng nh s dng cc phn mm
m phng c sn.
5.2. KIN THC NN:
-
Sinh vin t n tp l thuyt v mch chnh lu khng iu khin v c iu

khin; mt pha v ba pha [1], [4].
Gi s cc linh kin cng sut c dng l l tng v ng vai tr ca mt cng

tc (khi ng in th gia 2 cc bng 0, khi ngt dng in qua n bng 0).
Phn mm PSIM ca Powersim Inc [6].

PSIM l mt phn mm ng gi chuyn dng cho vic m phng mch in t
cng sut v iu khin m t. N c cc u im l tc nhanh, giao din thn
thin vi ngi dng v c chc nng x l hin th dng sng ca tn hiu. Bao
gm 03 chng trnh: chng trnh v s mch in SIMCAD; chng trnh
m phng PSIM; chng trnh x l v hin th dng sng SIMVIEW.
Mt mch in c trnh by bi PSIM gm 04 khi: mch cng sut, mch iu
khin, cm bin v cc b iu khin switch.
m phng mt mch in hoc mt h thng iu khin, ta tin hnh cc bc sau:

Khi ng PSIM (Theo s ch dn ca ging vin): Mt giao din m phng
SIMCAD xut hin, nh hnh 5.1:
Trang 39
Quay
Ni dy dn
Chy PSIM
Dn nhn
Chy SIMVIEW
Chn phn t
trong mch
Ca s thit k
Hnh 5.1
Trn menu, t File ta chn New (thc hin mch in mi) hoc Open ( m
project c lu di dng file c phn m rng l .sch).
Cc thao tc c bn thc hin mt mch in mi:
o Chn linh kin, ngun tn hiu v cc thnh phn khc t Elements trn
menu hoc trn thanh cng c pha di mn hnh ( nhp chut tri vo
phn t mun chn. Sau nhp chut vo v tr mun t phn t trn
ca s thit k, c th quay phn t chn t Rotate trn menu Edit hoc
nhp chut tri vo biu tng tng ng trn menu bar).
o Thc hin cc ng mch ni cc linh kin v cc thnh phn khc: chn
Wire trn menu Edit hoc biu tng tng ng trn menu bar, sau r
chut gia cc im mun ni.
o t cc tham s ca cc linh kin: nhp chut tri vo biu tng mi tn
trn menu bar, ri nhp chut tri vo thnh phn mun t tham s, sau
chn Attributes trn menu Edit (hoc n phm tt F4), mt ca s con hin
ra, cho php ta nhp cc tham s cn thit. Ch cc tham s v n v
tnh ca cc linh kin.
o Dn nhn: chn Label trn menu Edit (hoc n phm tt F2) , nu cn.
o Chy chng trnh m phng: chn Run Simulation trn menu Simulate,
hoc n phm tt F8, hoc nhp chut trn biu tng tng ng trn menu
bar. ch mc nh (Auto-Run SIMVIEW), mt ca s con Data
Display Selection hin ra cho php ta chn cc bin cn hin th lit k
sn (theo cc thit b v in p c trong mch in). Nu mun hin th
Trang 40
th ca mt i lng (bin) no , ta cn phi t thit b o lng tng

ng vo v tr trn mch in.
o Sinh vin cn tham kho trc v PSIM trong cc ti liu [6].
5.3. THC HNH:
5.3.1. Mch chnh lu iu khin mt pha na chu k:
a. M phn mm PSIM v v mch chnh lu mt pha bn iu khin hnh 5.2:
Hnh 5.2: Mch chnh lu iu khin mt pha na chu k.

- Thit lp cc gi tr ph hp.
- V li trn bi phc trnh dng sng in th ti ud, dng sng dng in ti id.
- Gii thch dng sng ud, id.
- Da vo th dng sng in p ti, tnh gi tr in p trung bnh gia 2
u ti
b. Thay i V1 thay i gc kch . V li trn bi phc trnh dng sng ng vi
gc kch = 2/3 (V1 = 120 Volt).
c. Thit lp L=0.05H. V li trn bi phc trnh dng sng ud, id. So snh vi dng
sng cu a v gii thch.
Trang 41
5.3.2. Mch chnh lu iu khin mt pha hai na chu k:

a. V mch chnh lu iu khin mt pha hai na chu k nh sau (Hnh 5.3):
Hnh 5.3: Mch chnh lu iu khin mt pha hai na chu k.

- Thit lp cc gi tr ph hp.
- V li trn bi phc trnh dng sng in th ti ud, dng sng dng in ti id.
- Gii thch dng sng ud, id.
b. Thay i V2 thay i gc kch . V li trn bi phc trnh dng sng ng vi
gc kch = /3 (V2 = 120 Volt).
c. Thit lp L = 0H. V li trn bi phc trnh dng sng ud, id. So snh vi dng
sng cu a v gii thch.
Trang 42

[2]. Cc bi ging v gio trnh CAD B Mn Vin Thng & K thut iu khin -
Khoa cng Ngh Thng Tin & Truyn thng HCT.

[3]. NGUYN CH NGN - Gio trnh THIT K M PHNG MCH V V MCH
IN - B Mn Vin Thng & K thut iu khin - Khoa cng Ngh Thng Tin & Truyn
thng HCT 2003.

[6]. http:// www.powersimtech.com
Trang 43
Bi 6: n p mt chiu
BI 6: N P MT CHIU
Tham gia thc hin: KS. Trng Vn Tm
6.1. MC CH:
Gip cho sinh vin thu hiu nguyn l hot ng ca cc loi n p DC, rn luyn k
nng thc hnh, hnh thnh kh nng thit k v lp rp cc loi n p DC theo yu cu thc t.
6.2. S LC V L THUYT
Mch n p mt chiu cn c gi l mch bin i DC-DC, y l mt mch bin
i t in p mt chiu ny thnh in p mt chiu khc.
Thng thng, ngi ta chia n p mt chiu ra lm 2 loi:
- n p tuyn tnh,
- n p ngt m (switching regulator).
D l loi no, mt mch n p cng phi t 2 chc nng:
- n nh in p ng ra khi in p ng vo thay i v khi dng ti thay i.
- Gim n mc thp nht sng d ng ra.
+
vi
-
n p
vo
RL
Hnh 6.1
6.2.1. n p tuyn tnh
Trong bi th nghim ny ta kho st mch n p tuyn tnh dng ni tip. S khi
nh sau:
AV
vo
Cng sut n p
vi +
n p
Cha
n p
IL
Kch
+
C1
So snh
Ly mu
C2
RL
Chun
C1: T lc ng vo
C2: T lc ng ra
Hnh 6.2
Trang 44
Bi 6: n p mt chiu
- Cng sut n p: Thng l mt transistor cng sut ln, hot ng nh mt in

tr thay i.
- So snh: So snh in th ly mu v in th chun to thnh in th iu khin
VDK iu khin mch kch to dng kch cho cng sut.
- Chun: To in th chun Vref cho mch so snh (thng dng zener).
- Ly mu: Ly mt phn in th ng ra so snh vi in th chun (in th ly mu
thay i theo in th ng ra vo).
Nguyn tc hot ng: vo=vi-AV
Gi s khi vo thay i (v l do no ), in th ly mu thay i theo trong khi in
th chun khng i nn ng ra VDK ca mch so snh thay i, in th VDK ny iu
khin mch kch v cng sut thay i hot ng (chy mnh/chy yu) thay i
AV sao cho vo n nh.
Mch cn bn c dng:
R
Q1
+
R2
vi
R3
IL
R1
vo
Q2
C1
C3
C2
RL
VR
Q3
D
R4
Hnh 6.3
Q1: Cng sut ;
Q2: Thc (kiu darlington) ;
Q3: So snh
Zener D: to in th chun
R3, R4,VR: Ly mu
C2: Gim sng d ng ra
Do dng ti IL chy thng v thng trc qua Q1 nn Q1 phi c cng sut ln v
phi c gii nhit cn thn. Mch thng c mt in tr R cng sut ln chia bt
dng qua Q1
6.2.2. n p ngt m
- Tuy c rt nhiu dng, nhng a s u dng phng php bin iu rng xung.
- Nguyn l chung vn nh mch n p tuyn tnh nhng thay mch khuch i kch
bng mt mch dao ng to sng vung. Tn hiu ra ca mch dao ng kch vo
transistor cng sut n p (thng l BJT hoc MOSFET cng sut ln), mc cao ca
Trang 45
Bi 6: n p mt chiu
xung vung lm transistor bo ha, mc thp lm transistor ngng. Nh vy cng sut n

p hot ng nh mt chuyn mch (switch).
- Dao ng to xung vung c th l a hi (cng sut c lp vi mch dao ng)
hoc thng dng hn l dao ng blocking (cng sut tham gia vo mch dao ng) do
cch ly c mass in.
+
vi
AV
Cng sut n p
+
Dao ng to
xung vung
IL
+
Ci
vo
So snh
Ly mu
Co
RL
Chun
-
vo
SW
vi
vo
Tx
T
Hnh 6.4
- Khi cha mc t lc ng ra, v0 c dng xung vi bin nh bng vi khi SW

trng thi ON v v0=0 khi SW trng thi OFF. Tr trung bnh ca v0 l
vo = vi
Tx
T
Ta thy: thay i tr trung bnh ng ra vo ta c th:

- Thay i thi gian SW trng thi ON (Transistor dn bo ha)
- Thay i tn s ca mch dao ng (Tc thay i chu k T)
- Hoc thay i c hai
Thc t, tin vic thit k v kim sot, thng ngi ta gi nguyn tn s dao ng
(thc t trong my thu hnh, monitor my tnh. Ngi ta dng xung qut ngang a v
Trang 46
Bi 6: n p mt chiu
gi cho tn s dao ng bng vi tn s qut ngang), tn hiu ly mu ch lm thay i

rng ca xung vung tc thay i thi gian dn-ngng ca transistor cng sut, tc Tx.
- n nh vo, th d khi vi cao ngi ta gim Tx, khi vi gim ngi ta tng Tx.
- Mch thng c thit k tn s kh cao (hn 10KHz) nn t lc ng ra khng
cn ln m vn bo m c vic gim ti a sng d (vo gn l tng).
- to ra nhiu loi in p khc nhau, nht l cch ly c mass in v mass my
(chng git), ngi ta thng thit k b ngun c bin p xung. Ty theo tn s hot ng
ca mch v s vng cun s cp, th cp m ta c c cc in p khc nhau theo yu cu.
D
B+
B1
OSC
B2
SW
Hnh 6.5
6.3. PHN THC HNH
6.3.1. n p tuyn tnh
Mch dng thc tp c dng:
+ vo
Q1
+
R3
vi
560
R1
IL
R4
1K
1,8K
Co
Q2
2200F
vo
2200F
Ci +
VR
+
R2
100K
RL
Q3
100F
D
1K
R5 2,2K
Hnh 6.6
Vi vi c cp t mt ngun thay i bn ngoi
a/ Gii thch vn tt nguyn l hot ng ca mch (khi vi v IL thay i)
b/ Cp vI = +18V, o in th ng ra vo , chnh VR theo hai chiu. Nhn xt v gii thch.
Trang 47
Bi 6: n p mt chiu
c/ Chnh VR vo=+12V, cho vi thay i t +15V +20V, o vo, lp bng theo mu

sau v v th vo=f(vi). Nhn xt.
Vi
+15V
+16V
+17V
+18V
+19V
+20V
vo
d/ Cp vi=+18V, o vo khi thay i IL (bng cch thay i RL)

RL
R1(100) R2(50)
R3(100/3)
R4(25)
IL
vo
V th vo=f(IL). Nhn xt.

e/ Khng mc t C vo mch, quan st sng d ng ra. Lp li th nghim. Khi mc t
C vo mch. Nhn xt v gii thch.
f/ Gi s khng mc Co vo mch, vo b nh hng g? Gii thch?
Trang 48
Bi 6: n p mt chiu
6.3.2. n p ngt m:
Mch thc hnh hnh 6.7
+300V
220VAC
+
C1
272/1K
47K/2W
B1
47K/2W
100F/
100V
K794
47
+ RL1
B2
10
47K
47K/2W
11
.0022
22K
.33/2W
1K
+ .001
-
.1
RL2
+
-
13
15
4
47
out
3
100p 1M
18K
.KA3842
Vcc
100F/
25V
47
7
+
100
100K
Vz=18V
1
5K
.22
3.3K
.1
1K
Hnh 6.7
Ghi ch quan trng:

* Trong mch c 2 mass, mt mass in v 1 mass my. Sinh vin khi lm thc tp phi
tht cn thn, trnh b in git.
* Trong bi thc tp dng SCR v E-MOSTFET knh N vi s chn nh sau:
SCR
K794
Trang 49
Bi 6: n p mt chiu
6.3.2.1. Vi mch KA3842 c s chn:
Vref
5V
Vref
Vcc
GND
29V
SET
RESET
UVLO
INTERNAL
BIAS
LOGIC
Vref
ERROR Amp
VFB
C.S Comp
+
2
1/3
1V
PWRVC
Comp
1
R
CS
out
3
22V
Sense
S
PWR
GND
RT/CT
>
4
OSCILLATOR
Hnh 6.8
IC KA3842 l IC dao ng iu khin mch ngun Switching c s dng rt nhiu
trong cc mch ngun monitor my tnh. IC ny hot ng theo kiu bin iu rng
xung (pulse width modulation). IC c kh nng to ngun chun Vref=+5V ti chn 8,
mch so snh cm nhn v in p kho mch bin iu rng xung bn trong. Chn
4 mc R, C nh tn s dao ng, xung bin iu rng c thc hin bi mch FF RS
cp cho mch khuch i Push-Pull thng qua cng OR.
Khi m my, chn 7 c cp ngun t in th 300V khi ng mch, sau
in th cm ng ly t cun 1-3 s uc chnh lu cp ngun n nh cho IC3842.
Cun 1-3 cn c dng ly mu ng ra a v mch so snh (chn 1-2). Zener
18V v SCR gi vai tr bo v khi in p vt qu cao.
6.3.2.2. Sinh vin kho st mch v thc hin cc cng vic sau:
1. h cng sut ngun, kho st IC3842
a/ o in p DC chn 7 khi mch hot ng n nh. Lc ny zener 18V v SCR
dn hay ngng?
Trang 50
Bi 6: n p mt chiu
b/ o in p DC ti chn 2. in p ny dng lm g? C thay i theo in p

ng ra B1 v B2 khng? Ti sao?
c/ Quan st v v li dng sng chn s 4
d/ Quan st v v li dng sng ti ng ra (chn 6). Chnh bin tr 5K, dng sng
ng ra thay i nh th no?
2. Ni cng sut ngun vo mch
a/ o B1 khi RL =
4.7
K
2
b/ Thay i RL bng cch khng ni ri ni ln lt JP1, JP2, JP3, o B1, lp bng:

RL(K)
4 .7
2
4 .7
3
4 .7
4
4 .7
5
B1
IL =
B1
RL
V th B1 theo IL. Nhn xt?

c/ o B1, chnh VR=5K. Nhn xt v cho bit chc nng ca VR.
6.4. THIT B TH NGHIM:
1)
2)
3)
4)
01 mch n p tuyn tnh (board nh).

01 mch n p ngt m (boad ln).
01 VOM.
01 ocilloscope

[1]. Gio trnh TH NGHIM IN T CNG SUT B Mn Vin Thng & K
thut iu khin - Khoa cng Ngh Thng Tin & Truyn thng HCT - 2001.
[5]. CYRIL W. LANDER POWERS ELETRONICS McGraw-Hill, London 1987.
[6]. Zainal Salam POWER ELECTRONICS AND DRIVES Version 3 UTM.JB
2003
Trang 51
Bi 7: iu khin cng sut AC
BI 7: IU KHIN CNG SUT AC

7.1. MC CH:
- Bit cch dng Triac iu khin cng sut tiu th trn ti AC.
- Nm c nguyn tc to xung kch Triac v mi quan h gia gc m vi cng
sut tiu th trn ti.
7.2. S LC L THUYT:
- Triac l mt linh kin iu khin khng th kch ngt. Cng dng quan trng ca n l iu
khin cng sut AC trn ti. Trong trng hp ny Triac ng vai tr nh mt kha in t.
S mch iu khin cng sut AC nh hnh 7.1 :
VS
A2
VS
VD
IG
A1
VG
Ti
Mch to xung kch
VL
IG
t
VL
Hnh 7.1
Hnh 7.2
V Triac dn c 2 chiu nn ch c 2 trng thi dn v kha. Triac c kch ng
(dn) bng dng in IG v a Triac t trng thi dn sang trng thi kha phi c 2
iu kin l : IG=0 v in p ngun i chiu.
Triac c th c kch ng trong 4 trng hp sau :
a/. VD>0, VG>0, IG>0
b/. VD>0, VG<0, IG<0
c/. VD<0, VG>0, IG>0
d/. VD<0, VG<0, IG<0
Triac t nhy cm nht trong trng hp c/.
Vi VS l ngun in xoay chiu hnh sin, cng sut tiu th ph thuc vo gc m
(hay gc tr). Dng sng ca in p ngun VS, dng in kch ng IG (hoc in p
VG), in p trn ti VL c v trong hnh 7.2.
Trang 52
- S mch iu khin cng sut AC dng Triac c trnh by trong hnh 7.3
cui bi th nghim ny.
Lu rng, xc nh gc tr v xung kch xut hin ng thi im, mch to
xung kch cn phi c thng tin v pha ca in p ngun.
- Trng hp in p ngun c dng sin : VS=VMsint= 2 VSsin.
Vi VM : gi tr cc i,VS : gi tr hiu dng,=t=2ft
in p hiu dng trn ti l :
VL=[
2
2
2 VS
1
Hay: VL=VS[ (-+
sin2d ]1/2
sin 2 1/2
)]
2
Ta thy, khi bin thin t 0-> th VL bin thin t VS->0. iu ny chng t cng
sut tiu th trn ti ph thuc vo .
7.3. CU HI V THC HNH
A. Cu hi l thuyt :
1/. T s mch to xung kch v mch cng sut hnh 7.3 hy cho bit chc nng
ca cc linh kin sau y:
U2, U3, U4, U5, D3, D4, D5, Q1, Q2, Q3, C3, C6 v R8 (VR 5K).
2/. Thng tin v pha ca in p ngun c ly v x l nh th no?
Trang 53
B. Cu hi thc hnh :
1. Mc ti R (bng n) vo mch iu khin cng sut AC, ly im t (mass)
chung, dng oscilloscope xem v v li dng sng ti cc im : TP0, TP1, TP2, TP3,
TP4, TP5, TP6, TP7 (tt c cng mt thang thi gian). Trong , TP5 c v trn cng
mt th vi TP2 v TP5 cng c v trn cng mt th vi TP3 (cc thang gi tr
ca cc th c v nh hnh 7.4 ), so snh v nhn xt.
- So snh dng sng TP0 vi TP2 v Tp4, t suy ra Q2 v U3 to xung kch
ng trong bn k no?
- So snh dng sng TP0 vi TP3 v TP6, t suy ra Q3 v U4 to xung kch
ng trong bn k no?
Trang 54
TP1
t
TP2
TP5
t
TP3
TP5
t
TP9
t
TP6
t
TP7
t
Hnh 7.4
2. Vi ti R, dng Oscilloscope quan st in p trn ti, c lng gc m, o in

p hiu dng (hoc dng in hiu dng) trn ti, lp bng 1, nhn xt v so snh vi l
thuyt.
00
300
600
900
1200
1500
1800
VL
2
V
P= L
RL
Hnh 7.5
Trang 55
3. Mc ti R_L vo mch iu khin cng sut AC, dng oscilloscope xem v v li

dng sng in p trn ti, so snh vi trng hp ti tr, gii thch.
4. Vi ti R_L, lp li cu 2 (ch : VL l in p gia 2 u R) . Nhn xt.
1) 01 board th nghim (board ln).
2) 01 ti R-L.
3) 01 ti motor.
4) 01 oscilloscope.
5) 01 VOM.
2003
Trang 56
Bi 8: Bin tn gin tip
BI 8: BIN TN GIN TIP

Tham gia thc hin: KS Trn L Trung Chnh
8.1. MC CH
Gip sinh vin nm c nguyn tc hot ng v mt s ng dng ca b bin tn
dng nghch lu p.
8.2. S LC V L THUYT BIN TN
Bin tn dng chuyn i in p hoc dng in xoay chiu u vo t mt tn
s ny thnh in p hoc dng in c mt tn s khc u ra. Bin tn c dng
iu khin vn tc ng c xoay chiu theo phng php iu khin tn s, theo tn
s ca li ngun s i thnh tn s bin thin. Ngoi vic thay i tn s cn c s
thay i tng s pha. T ngun li 1 pha, thng qua bin tn ta c th mc ti l mt
ng c ba pha. B bin tn cn c s dng rng ri trong k thut nhit in, chng
hn nh cung cp nng lng cho l cm ng.
8.2.1. Phn loi
- Phn loi da vo tng s pha ta c: bin tn 1 pha, 3 pha, m pha
- Phn loi da vo cu trc mch in v nguyn tc hot ng ta c: bin tn gin
tip dng nghch lu p, bin tn gin tip dng nghch lu dng v bin tn trc tip.
Trong bi ny ta s kho st bin tn gin tip dng nghch lu p. Bin tn trc tip
s c thc hin trong bi 9.
8.2.2. Cu to:
(Xem s nguyn l hnh 8.1)
Bin tn gin tip gm c:
- B chnh lu : C chc nng chnh in p xoay chiu vi tn s c nh ng
vo. B chnh lu c nhiu dng: mch tia, mch cu, 1 pha hoc 3 pha
- Mch trung gian mt chiu : gm cun cm Lf v t Cf dng lm phng in p
c chnh lu, to ra mt ngun p cung cp cho b nghch lu.
- B nghch lu: c th l 1 pha hoc 3 pha. Qu trnh chuyn mch ca b nghch
lu p thng l qu trnh chuyn i cng bc. B nghch lu c chc nng bin
ngun in mt chiu c chnh lu thnh ngun in xoay chiu m tn s c th
iu chnh c
- Mch to xung kch iu khin nghch lu p:
Cc b nghch lu p thng c iu khin theo k thut iu ch xung (PWM:
Pulse With Modulation) v qui tc kch ng i nghch
Trang 57
Mch
chnh lu
Mch nghch
lu
Id1
Id2
Lf
f1
Cf
Ud2
f1
~
Mch to
xung kch
Hnh 8.1
a. B chnh lu v mch trung gian mt chiu:

Chnh lu bn k khng iu khin (hnh 8.2)
Pha
.01F/400V
Lf
Lf
Pha
330F/400V
AC110/50Hz
330F/400V
Pha
Dy trung ha
(a)
(b)
Hnh 8.2: (a) 1 pha
(b) 3 pha
Trong bi th nghim ny ta s dng ngun in 1 pha.

b. B nghch lu p
B nghch lu p 1 pha:
B nghch lu p dng BJT mc theo dng mch cu (Hnh 8.3.a) c 4 cng
tc (BJT) v 4 diode mc i song.
Xung kch c a vo iu khin b nghch lu c cch ly bng bin th.
Trang 58
+280VDC
10
10
1N5408
1N5408
C2939
C2939
10
10
1N5408
C2939
1N5408
C2939

Ti
(a)
S1, S2
S3, S4
Ut +
i
(b)
Hnh 8.3 (a) B nghch lu p 1 pha.

(b) Gin kch ng cc cng tc v th p ti.
Trang 59
+
S1
U/2
S3
S1
S5
S3
S5
+
-
S4
S6
S4
S2
S6
S2
U/2
J1
J2
U11
J3
U12
U13
Hnh 8.4 : B nghch lu p 3 pha

8.2.3. Phng php iu khin b nghch lu p :
Cc b nghch lu p thng c iu khin da theo k thut iu ch rng xung
(PWM) v qui tc kch ng i nghch. Qui tc kch ng i nghch m bo dng p
ti c iu khin tun theo gin kch cng tc v k thut iu ch rng xung c
tc dng hn ch ti a cc nh hng bt li ca sng hi bc cao xut hin pha ti.
Da vo phng php thit lp gin kch ng cc cng tc trong b nghch lu p,
ta c th phn bit cc dng iu ch rng xung khc nhau nh sau.
a. Phng php iu ch rng sin (sin PWM)
Gin kch ng cng tc b nghch lu da trn c s so snh 2 tn hiu c bn :
sng iu ch tn s cao v sng iu khin dng sin.
Sng iu ch c th dng tam gic. Sng iu khin mang thng tin v ln tr
hiu dng v tn s sng hi c bn ca in p ng ra. Trong trng hp b nghch
lu p 3 pha, 3 sng iu khin ca 3 pha phi to lch nhau 1/3 chu k ca n.
b. Phng php iu ch rng xung vung (Square PWM)
Sng iu khin c dng ch nht, c chu k khng i trong mi na chu k.
Trang 60
c. Phng php iu ch rng xung ti u (Optimum PWM)

nh hng ca mt s sng hi bt thp cha trong inn p ra c th c kh b
bng phng php iu ch rng xung ti u. Gin kch ng cc cng tc c
thit lp trn c s phn tch hm ti u theo cc bin l gc kch ng cc linh kin.
d. Phng php iu ch theo dng in
Gin kch ng cc cng tc c xc nh trn c s so snh dng in yu cu

ca ti v dng in o c.
e. Phng php iu rng
Cn gi l phng php iu ch rng xung n, l trng hp t bit ca

phng php iu ch rng xung. Trong mi na chu k, p ra ch c mt xung in
p. ln in p cho ti c iu khin bng cch thay i rng xung in p.
Phng php ny ch p dng iu khin b nghch lu p 1 pha.
f. Phng php iu khin theo bin
Gi tc l phng php iu bin. Phng php ny i hi in p ngun iu

khin c. Cc cng tc trong cp cng tc cng pha c kch ng vi thi gian bng
nhau v bng mt na chu k p ra.
B nghch lu p ba pha iu khin theo bin cn gi l b nghch lu 6 bc
(six-step voltage inverter)
Trong bi ny s dng vi iu khin 89C51 to xung iu khin, n c lp
trnh cung cp 3 tn hiu iu khin lch pha 1200 3 port P3.0, P3.1 v P3.2 v c th
chn mt trong 3 tn s 40Hz, 50Hz, 100Hz cho dng in ra trn ti.
S chi tit ca b bin tn trong bi th ny c c in km theo board mch
th nghim.
8.2.4. Gii thiu v bin tn SIEMENS G110
a. Gii thiu chung
- Sinamics G110 l bin tn cho php thay i tn s nh mong mun iu khin
ng c AC 3 pha. Hin dng sn phm c nhiu model vi cng sut t 120W n
3KW. Model s dng trong bi th nghim c cng sut 2.2KW.
- Bin tn G110 l mt h vi x l v iu khin dng cng ngh IGBT ( Isolated
Gate Bipolar Transistor). Sn phm c tin cy cao v linh hot trong cc ng dng. Vic
s dng phng php bin iu rng xung c bit, vi tn s xung c th la chn cho
php motor hoat ng tht yn tnh v nh nhng. Bn cnh , vi cc tnh nng bo v
ton din gip bo v an ton cho chnh bin tn G110 v motor kt ni khi s dng.
- G110 c th s dng theo hai phng thc iu khin:
+ iu khin Analog dng mch tng t kt ni vi cc ng vo ca G110.
+ iu khin USS dng chun RS485.
Trang 61
b. S lc cu to.
L1,L2/N
BOP
DIN10
U,V,W,PE
Hnh 8.5: Hnh dng bin tn G110
- G110 vi gc nhn t nh (Hnh 8.6).

+ L1, L2: ni vi ngun in 220V.
+ PE (Protect Circuit): thng c ni vi
mass ca bin tn G110.
+ Led: dng hin th gip ngi s dng
DIN10
bit c trng thi ca G110.

+ DC+, DC-: ng ra in th 1 chiu.
+ U, V, W: Kt ni vi ng c 3 pha.
+ DIN 10: Cc ng vo ca G110.
Hnh 8.6
Trang 62
- S khi ca G110 (Hnh 8.7):
Hnh 8.7
c. S dng
G110 c th iu khin ng c bng nhiu cch:
+ Thng qua cc DIP trn G110
+ Keypad
+ PC (mode USS).
- iu khin hot ng ca G110, ngi iu khin phi nhp vo cc tham
s (Parameter). G110 s ly gi tr cc tham s ny, tnh ton v thc hin iu khin
tng ng ng ra.
Trang 63
Cc tham s iu khin:
- P0003: Cp truy nhp cc thng s.
1: Standard.
2: Extended.
3: Expert
4: Reserved
- P0010: Ci t ch chp hnh cho G110.
0: Ready
1: Quick Commissioning.
2: Inverter.
29: Download
30: Factory setting
- P0100: Europe / North America.
0: kw/50hz.
1: Hp/60hz.
2: kw/60hz.
- P0700: Chn b iu khin:
1: BOP (Basic Operation Panel)
2: Terminal / Digital input
3: USS Interface
Tn
Chc nng
P0304
in th nh mc ca ng c
P0305
Dng in nh mc ca ng c
P0307
Cng sut nh mc ca ng c
P0308
H s cng sut
P0310
Tn s hot ng
P0311
S vng quay trong 1 pht
P0335
Chn ch lm mt cho motor
P0640
Tham s v dng qu ti cho php
P1000
La chn tn s t trc
P1080
Tn s nh nht
P1082
Tn s ln nht
P1120
Thi gian tng n tn s ln nht
P1121
Thi gian gim t tn s ln nht v
0
P1300
Chn ch iu khin
P3900
Chn
kt
thc
Quick
Commissioning
S dng BOP truy nhp vo cc tham s tng i n gin:
vo chn cc tham s.
1. Nhn
2. Nhn
n khi tham s cn hiu chnh hin th trn mn hnh.
3. Nhn
hin th gi tr hin ti ca tham s.
4. Nhn
hoc
chn gi tr cn thit lp.
5. Nhn
chp nhn gi tr va thay i.
6. Lp li t bc 2 cho cc thng s k tip.
Trang 64

A. Cu hi l thuyt
1. Cng sut ca mt dng in hnh sin ph thuc vo tn s ca n nh th no?
2. Tc quay ca mt motor AC thay i theo tn s ca ngun cp in nh th no?
3. T s mch hy cho bit cc xung iu khin S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6 lch pha
nhau nh th no ?
4. B bin tn gin tip dng nghch lu p khc vi bin tn gin tip dng nghch
lu dng im no?
B. Phn thc hnh trn b bin tn dng BJT cng sut v mch to xung kch
dng vi iu khin 89C51.
1. Mc ti R(bng n) vo mch bin tn theo kiu Y (u hnh sao):
a. Chn tn s 40Hz, dng oscilloscope xem v v li dng sng xung iu khin
S1 ( ti JH1), S3 (ti JH9) v S5 (ti JH4) t cho bit phng php iu khin l
phng php g?
b. Thay i tn s (theo trnh t nh sau: ngt in ngun, n nt x in X,
m ngun in li, n nt chn tn) o in p hiu dng trn ti (trn mt pha xc
nh). Lp bng :
Tn s (Hz)
Vti(V)
Pti= V2ti/R
40Hz
50Hz
100Hz
Cho nhn xt v s ph thuc ca cng sut vo tn s.

c. Dng oscilloscope xem v v li dng sng in p ra trn ti trn mt pha
xc nh (ch : dng dy ly tn hiu cho oscilloscope c mch gim p) , nhn xt.
2. Mc ti R_L vo mch bin tn theo kiu Y, chn tn s 40Hz, dng
Oscilloscope xem v v li dng sng in p trn ti (trn mt pha xc nh)
3. Thay ti R_L bng motor 3 pha, thay i tn s v quan st tc quay ca
motor. Suy ra s ph thuc ca tc quay vo tn s ca ngun in cp cho motor.
Lc khi ng motor, ngun cp in cho motor c tn s thp hay cao? Ti sao?
Trang 65
C. Phn thc hnh trn b bin tn Siemens G110.

1. iu khin G110 t cc DIN
iu khin tc v chiu quay ng c t mch in kt ni t bn ngoi:
- Ci t cc tham s:
+ P0700=2
+ P1000=2
- Tc ng ln cc SW ta s iu khin on/off v chiu quay ca ng c. Thay
i tn s bng cch iu chnh bin tr.
trong khong 2s xem cc thng
* Sau khi motor hot ng, nhn gi phm
s ca ti ang hot ng: in th, tn s, dng din.
Yu cu:
Lp bng thng k sau:
Tn s
20
30
40
50
in p
Cho nhn xt v mi quan h gia in p ng ra, tc ng c vi tn s
c iu chnh.
2. iu khin G110 t BOP
Thc hin ci t cc thng s cho bin tn nh sau:
P0003=1 // Cp truy cp cc tham s
P0010=1
P0100=0
P0304=220V
P0305=2.00A
P0307=0.75kw
P0310=50Hz
P0311=1390
P0700=1
P1000=1 chn tn s setpoint t MOP
P1080=0 Hz
Trang 66
P1082=50 Hz
P1120=10
P1121=10
P3900=1
: Khi ng motor ( ON) Motor chy vi tn s 5Hz.
: Dng Motor (OFF).
: o chiu quay Motor.
: Nhn gi Motor s tng dn n tn s t.( P1058 ) tn s hot ng
motor tng dn n 5Hz.
- Vn gi cc thng s v motor trn nhng ta thay i thm mt s tham s:
P0003=3
P0010=0
P1040=30 thay i tn s MOP.
P1058 = 20 thay i tn s JOG.
Thc hin ci t li 3 tham s:
P0700=1
P0719=0
P1000=1
: Khi ng motor ( ON) Motor chy vi tn s 30Hz.
: Dng Motor (OFF).
: o chiu quay Motor.
: Nhn gi Motor s tng dn n tn s t.( P1058 ) tn s hot ng
motor tng dn n 20Hz.
trong khong 2-3s, sau nhn tip tng ln xem cc thng s
- Nhn gi
hot ng ca motor. Mun tr v mode cc tham s th n gi trong khong 2-3s.
Yu cu:
- Cho nhn xt v hot ng ca ng c, khi ta thay i tn s MOP v JOP.
- Cho bit ngha ca 2 tham s MOP v JOP.
8.4. THIT B TH NGHIM
1. B bin tn dng BJT v mch kch dng vi iu khin 89C51.
2. B bin tn Siemens G110.
3. 01 Osciloocope
4. 3 ti R_L
5. 01 VOM ( hoc Ampere kim)
6. 01 motor 3 pha
Trang 67

2003
[8]. Ti liu km theo thit b bin tn Siemens G110.
Trang 68
Bi 9: Bin tn trc tip
BI 9: BIN TN TRC TIP

Tham gia thc hin: ThS. Trn Thanh Hng - 2001
9.1. MC CH
B bin tn trc tip (cycloconverter) to ra in p xoay chiu ng ra vi tr hiu
dng v tn s iu khin c, tr hiu dng v tn s in p ng ra lun nh hn hiu
dng v tn s ca in p ngun. B bin tn loi ny c ng dng trong iu khin
truyn ng ng c in xoay chiu.
Bi th nghim ny kho st bin tn trc tip vi ngun in xoay chiu mt pha bao gm:
- Kho st mch to xung iu khin, thng qua sinh vin nm c phng
php v k thut to xung kch c th thay i gc iu khin.
- Kho st mch cng sut, thng qua sinh vin hiu r hn nguyn l hot ng
ca b bin tn trc tip, hot ng ca linh kin cng sut (trong bi ny ta dng SCR);
xc nh mi quan h gia tn s v cng sut, dng sng in p ra, trn cc loi ti
khc nhau: ti thun tr, ti R-L, ti R-L-C.
9.2. S LC L THUYT
T in th cung cp xoay chiu hnh sin vi tn s 50Hz/60Hz, ta c th to c
in th xoay chiu hnh sin vi tn s thay i c bng cch ct tng on in th
cung cp ghp li sao cho in th trung bnh c dng hnh sin. Bin tn hot ng da
vo nguyn tc ny c gi l bin tn trc tip.
Da vo hnh 9.1 ta c th thy nu in th cung cp cho bin tn trc tip cng c
nhiu pha, th in th ct c c gi tr trung bnh cng gn vi sng sin mong mun.
kho st, ta c th chia bin tn thnh 2 b phn: mch cng sut v mch iu khin.
9.2.1. Mch cng sut:
Hnh 9.2 trnh by s chi tit mch cng sut ca mt bin tn trc tip hai pha.
Hai pha in th lch pha nhau 1800 c to ra t in th 1 pha bng mt bin th c
im gia. Hai SCR Q1 v Q2 hot ng nh 2 cng tc ct in th ca 2 pha to
thnh bn k dng ca in th hnh sin mong mun (cung cp cho ti). Ngc li, 2 SCR
Q3 v Q4 s to bn k m ca in th mong mun. Gc m ca cc SCR phi thch hp
in th to ra c gi tr trung bnh thay i theo qui lut hnh sin (xem hnh 9.1.b).
9.2.2. Mch iu khin (mch to xung kch):
cc SCR ct in th cung cp ng v tr, cn phi c mt mch iu khin
to nn cc xung kch cc SCR (cc tn hiu g1, g2, g3, v g4 trn hnh 9.2).
iu khin cc SCR Q1 v Q2 ct 2 pha in th to bn k dng ca in p
ng ra, ta c th dng mch nh trn hnh 9.3. u tin mt in p cng pha vi pha 1
c i thnh xung vung o. in p ny c dng iu khin mt mch tch
phn to thnh mt in th rng ca c cng tn s vi in th pha 1. in th rng
ca ny c a vo so snh vi in th rng ca khc (ta kho st trong mt chu k, 1
Trang 69
cnh xung v 1 cnh ln) c to ra t mt mch dao ng to sng sin c tn s rt

thp gi l tn hiu iu khin.
in th cung cp
in th ct c
in th mong mun
a) Nguyn tc hot ng bin tn trc tip 1 pha
in th pha1
in th pha2
in th mong mun
in th ct c
b) Nguyn tc hot ng bin tn trc tip 2 pha
Hnh 9.1. Nguyn tc hot ng ca bin tn trc tip

bng cch ct tng on in th cung cp.
Ng ra ca mch so snh th 1 c dng iu khin Q1 trong khi ng ra ca
mch so snh th 2 dng iu khin Q2. Kt qu l gc m cc SCR Q1 v Q2 s
gim dn t gi tr ln nht (ng vi im u ca cnh ln tn hiu iu khin, tn hiu
TP3) n gi tr nh nht (ng vi im cui ca cnh ln) ri sau tng dn n gi tr
ln nht (ng vi im cui ca cnh xung tn hiu iu khin). Nh vy in th ng ra
s tng dn t gi tr nh nht, t cc i im gia tn hiu rng ca ri gim dn n
gi tr thp nht.
Nh vy mch hnh 9.3 to c 1 bn k dng ca in th ng ra. iu
khin bn k cn li, sinh vin t tm hiu (xem phn CU HI v thc hnh)
Trang 70

Q1
g1
Q2
T2
5Pha1
g2
R_Load
6 Giua
220V AC in
4
8 Pha2
Q3
g3
Q4
g4
Hnh 9.2. Mch cng sut bin tn trc tip 2 pha
3
pha1
TP4
3
Pha2
+
-
So snh 1
Ti g1
Ti g2
+
TP2
Mch dao ng
to sng sin
TP3
TP1
So snh 2
Chnh tn s

V0
Hnh 9.3 Mch iu khin bin tn trc tip
VTB=?
Trang 71
A. Cu hi l thuyt:
1. Tnh in th trung bnh ca 1 chu k
sng sin ct c nu gc m l .
2. Tm quy lut thay i ca gc m to c in th ng ra c gi tr trung

bnh thay i theo quy lut hnh sin (Da vo biu thc tnh in th trung bnh
theo gc m ) .
3. Gii thch nguyn tc hot ng ca b iu khin bin tn trc tip bng cch v
cc tn hiu sin, tam gic, tn hiu iu khin, v in th trn ti theo cng mt
trc thi gian, theo dng sau:
t pha1
t pha2
Pha1 Pha2
t sng sin
sng sin iu khin tn s bin tn
g1
t
g2
t
VL
t
Nhn xt v tr trung bnh ca in th trn ti VL.

to chu k m ca in th trn ti, th mch iu khin phi ci tin nh th no?
Trang 72
B. Cu hi thc hnh
1. Kho st mch to xung kch:
Cp in cho mch to xung kch,
a. cc bin tr chnh tn s mch dao ng khong gia, iu chnh bin tr
VR sao cho sng tam gic TP6 c bin ln hn sng tam gic TP4 cht t.
Quan st v v li dng sng cc im TP1, TP2, TP3, TP4 v g1, g2 theo
cng mt trc thi gian.
b. Gim tn s sng sin, iu chnh li bin tr VR nh trn, quan st tn hiu ti
cc im trn. Cho nhn xt.
c. Tng dn tn s sng sin, iu chnh li bin tr VR nh trn, quan st tn hiu
ti cc im trn. Cho nhn xt.
d. Gii thch ti sao phi iu chnh bin tr VR nh trn?
2. Kho st mch cng sut:
Ni mch iu khin vo mch cng sut,
R1
1
Ni ti thun tr (bng n) vo mch cng sut. Cp in mch cng sut.

- cc bin tr chnh tn s mch dao ng trn mch iu khin mc gia,
iu chnh li bin tr VR, chnh thang bin my hin sng v v tr ln nht. Quan st
tn hiu in th trn 2 u ti. V li dng sng in th trn ti. Dng in qua ti c
dng th no?
- Chnh bin tr v v tr thp nht, quan st dng tn hiu trn ti. Nhn xt.
1
R1 2,2K
2
C2
- Tng dn tn s sng sin, iu chnh li bin tr VR nh phn trn, quan st tn

hiu trn ti, nhn xt.
a. Ngt in mch cng sut. Ni t C2 song song vi ti R1. Lp li th nghim
nh phn II.1. in th trn ti thay i th no so vi phn II.1.
R1
1
2
C2
L2
2,2K
b. Ngt in mch cng sut. Mc ti nh hnh bn. Lp li th nghim nh

phn II.1. in th trn ti thay i th no so vi 2 trng hp trn.
Trng hp no tn hiu tt nht (gn sin nht).
c. Cho bit cng dng ca 2 t C1, C2 ni gia G v K ca Q1 & Q2?
d. Mc ti R&L ni tip, R=2,2K, quan st tn hiu ra, nhn xt?
Trang 73
e. Mc ti motor, thay i tn s, quan st tc quay ca motor, cho nhn xt

v s ph thuc ca tc quay v cng sut vo tn s in p ra.
f. Sinh vin cho bit mch th nghim thch hp s dng vi loi ti no ? Khng
thch hp vi loi ti no? Gii thch ti sao? Nu hng khc phc mch c th s
dng trong thc t?
1) 01 mch th nghim (board ln).
2) 01 ti motor.
3) 01 oscilloscope.
4) 01 VOM.
2003
Trang 74

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TRNG I HC CN TH

KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN & TRUYN THNG

TH NGHIM IN T CNG SUT

BIN SON: ON HA MINH

BI 1: KHO ST LINH KIN CNG SUT C BN............................................................ 8

2.2.1.1. M hnh ton hc [6]:........................................................................................... 16

6.2.1. n p tuyn tnh .......................................................................................................... 44

a. B chnh lu v mch trung gian mt chiu:................................................................. 58

9.2.1. Mch cng sut: .......................................................................................................... 69

Bi 1: Kho st linh kin cng sut c bn

BI 1: KHO ST LINH KIN CNG SUT C BN

BJT l lai linh kin cng sut c th kch ngt.

- Khi SW v tr 2, BJT chuyn sang trng thi dn : R CE =

Khi BJT dn bo ha (VCE 0, thc t t 0.1V 0.2V) th RCE 0 (BJT nh mt

Gio trnh th nghim in t cng sut

Bi 1: Kho st linh kin cng sut c bn

c) iu khin gin tip (Hnh 1.3):

Gio trnh th nghim in t cng sut

Bi 1: Kho st linh kin cng sut c bn

* R3 ni B+ Q3, Q2, Q1 dn bo ha, SW trng thi ON

Gio trnh th nghim in t cng sut

Bi 1: Kho st linh kin cng sut c bn

b. Khi phn cc thun: VA >VK (Hnh 1.6)

Bi 1: Kho st linh kin cng sut c bn

1.3. THC HNH:

a) Bt SW v v tr mass. o in th ca cc chn Q1, Q2, Q3. Gii thch kt qu.

d) Bt SW v v tr +5V. o VCE suy ra RCE ca Q1

Bi 1: Kho st linh kin cng sut c bn

a) Ln lt bt SW v v tr 1, 2, 3 quan st led (c mc song song vi ti, khi

B. Mc mch nh hnh sau (Hnh 1.21):

Gio trnh th nghim in t cng sut

Bi 1: Kho st linh kin cng sut c bn

a. Ln lt bt SW v v tr 1, 2, 3 quan st led v gii thch kt qu.

Gio trnh th nghim in t cng sut

Bi 1: Kho st linh kin cng sut c bn

Gio trnh th nghim in t cng sut

Bi 2: M phng linh kin cng sut c bn

BI 2: M PHNG LINH KIN CNG SUT C BN

Phan cc thuan: U > 0, I > 0

2.2.1.1. M hnh ton hc [6]:

Trong : IS l dng in r; T l nhit tuyt i; e = 1,59.10-19Coulomb;

Gio trnh th nghim in t cng sut

Bi 2: M phng linh kin cng sut c bn

Cng thc trn ch ng khi dng in qua mi ni kh ln. Vi dng in nh (vi

2.2.1.2. Thc hnh:

Gio trnh th nghim in t cng sut

Bi 2: M phng linh kin cng sut c bn

2.2.2.1. M hnh ton hc [6]:

Gio trnh th nghim in t cng sut

Bi 2: M phng linh kin cng sut c bn

Ni chung cc tham s F v R thng khng c dng m hnh ha

Bi 2: M phng linh kin cng sut c bn

Gio trnh th nghim in t cng sut

Bi 2: M phng linh kin cng sut c bn

Bi 2: M phng linh kin cng sut c bn

2.2.4.1.Cc thng s k thut c bn ca SCR l:

Dng in thun nh mc: In (A)

Triac c th c kch ng trong 4 trng hp sau :

Bi 2: M phng linh kin cng sut c bn

2.2.5.1. Cc thng s k thut c bn ca TRIAC l:

Dng in nh mc: In (A)

2.2.5.2. Thc hnh:

Gio trnh th nghim in t cng sut