Tin Hoc I

TRNG AI HOC A LAT
GIAO TRNH
TIN HOC I

NGUYEN HU TAN - 2004
MC LC

PHN 1 - GII THIU MY TNH V NG DNG

1. D liu v thng tin ......................................................................... 5
D liu ..................................................................................... 5
Thng tin ................................................................................. 5
Qu trnh x l thng tin tng qut ............................................ 5
2. My tnh v Tin hc .......................................................................... 6
nh ngha my tnh .................................................................. 6
c im x l ca my tnh ...................................................... 6
c im lu tr ca my tnh ................................................... 6
M hnh lm vic ca my tnh ................................................... 7
Phn loi my tnh .................................................................... 7
nh ngha Tin hc .................................................................... 8
3. Cc thnh phn ca my tnh .......................................................... 8
Cc thnh phn ca my tnh ..................................................... 8
Cc thnh phn phn cng ca my tnh .................................... 9
B x l (CPU) .......................................................................... 10
B nh (Memory) ...................................................................... 10
Thit b lu tr (Storage devices) ............................................... 11
Thit b nhp (Input devices) ..................................................... 12
Thit b xut (Output devices) .................................................... 13
Phn mm my tnh v phn loi phn mm ............................... 14
Phn mm H iu hnh ........................................................... 15
4. Mng my tnh ................................................................................. 15
S hnh thnh mng my tnh .................................................... 15
Phn loi mng my tnh ........................................................... 15
My ch (server) v my khch (client) ...................................... 17
H iu hnh mng ................................................................... 17
Cc dch v trn mng ............................................................... 17
5. Mng Internet v tm kim thng tin .............................................. 20
Internet l g? ........................................................................... 20
Lch s hnh thnh Internet ........................................................ 20
Mng ton cu Internet ............................................................. 20
Cc nh cung cp lin quan n Internet .................................... 20
Kt ni Internet v cc dch v trn Internet ............................... 21
Tm kim thng tin trn Internet ................................................ 21
Trnh duyt Web ....................................................................... 23
S dng cc ng c tm kim ................................................... 24
K nng tm kim thng tin vi Google ....................................... 25
S dng trnh duyt Internet Explorer (IE) .................................. 29
Th in t (E-Mail) .................................................................. 31
PHN 2 - H IU HNH WINDOWS

1. H iu hnh Windows .................................................................... 32
Gii thiu H iu hnh ............................................................. 32
Giao din ca s ....................................................................... 32
Hp thoi ................................................................................. 36
Cc thao tc chut .................................................................... 38
2. Tp tin v th mc ........................................................................... 38
Tp tin, th mc, cy th mc, ng dn ................................. 38
Dng chut thao tc ko v th vi tp tin v th mc ................ 41
3. S dng H iu hnh Windows 2000 ............................................ 41
Khi ng h iu hnh ............................................................ 41
ng nhp h thng ................................................................. 41
Thot khi h thng .................................................................. 42
Thc n i tng .................................................................. 43
i tng My Computer ............................................................ 45
Thc n Start ......................................................................... 46
Cng c cu hnh Control Panel .................................................. 48
4. Cng c Windows Explorer .............................................................. 51
Cng c Windows Explorer ........................................................ 51
Xem v hin th thng tin .......................................................... 52
Cc thao tc a ........................................................................ 53
Cc thao tc tp tin ................................................................... 57
Cc thao tc th mc ................................................................ 62
5. Cc cng c khc trong Windows ................................................... 65
Cc cng c khc ...................................................................... 65
Accessories ............................................................................... 66

PHN 3 - X L VN BN VI MS WORD

Chng 1 - Gii thiu tng qut .......................................................... 67
1. Phn mm Word ....................................................................... 67
2. Khi ng v thot khi Word .................................................... 67
3. Ca s ng dng Word ............................................................. 67
4. Mt phin lm vic thng thng vi Word ................................. 68
5. Qun l vn bn ....................................................................... 69
To mt vn bn mi ...................................................... 69
Lu vn bn mi ............................................................. 69
Lu vn bn di tn khc .............................................. 70
ng vn bn ................................................................. 70
M mt vn bn tn ti ............................................... 71
Lm vic vi nhiu vn bn .............................................. 72

Chng 2 - Nhp v chnh sa vn bn .............................................. 73
1. Nhp vn bn mi ..................................................................... 73
K t, t v on trong vn bn ....................................... 73
Tnh cht cun dng ........................................................ 73
Tnh cht xung dng ...................................................... 73
To vn bn mi ............................................................. 73
Nhp vn bn ting Vit .................................................. 74
Nhp vn bn ting Anh .................................................. 78
Di chuyn du chn trong vn bn ................................... 79
nh du chn vn bn ................................................... 80
Xa v sa vn bn ......................................................... 80
Di chuyn v sao chp vn bn ........................................ 81
Lu vn bn ................................................................... 82
2. Tm kim v thay th vn bn .................................................... 83
Tm kim vn bn ........................................................... 83
Thay th vn bn ............................................................ 84
Tm trang ....................................................................... 84
3. Vn bn t ng (AutoText) ...................................................... 85
4. Sa li t ng (AutoCorrect) .................................................... 87

Chng 3 - nh dng v in vn bn ................................................... 90
1. nh dng k t ........................................................................ 90
Trnh by k t c bit ................................................... 90
Trnh by phng ch, c ch ........................................... 90
Trnh by ch m, ch nghing, ch gch di ............... 91
Cc nh dng khc ln k t ........................................... 92
Xc nh khong cch gia cc k t ................................ 93
Xc nh v tr ca cc k t ............................................. 93
To phng ch mc nhin ............................................... 95
Sao chp nh dng k t ................................................ 96
Xa nh dng k t ........................................................ 96
2. nh dng on ........................................................................ 96
Hin th v tt du ngt on ........................................... 96
Canh dng trong on ..................................................... 97
Canh l tri cho on ...................................................... 98
Canh l tri v l phi cho on bng cch dng thc ...... 98
Dng thc n nh dng cho on vn bn ..................... 99
nh dng k t bt u on ......................................... 101
Trang tr on ................................................................ 102
nh dng danh sch cc mc ......................................... 103
nh dng danh sch ...................................................... 104
Dng thc n nh dng danh sch ........................... 104
T ng nh dng danh sch ......................................... 106
Thay i nh dng danh sch ......................................... 107
S dng Tab .................................................................. 107
Phm Tab ....................................................................... 107
n nh Tab trn thc ................................................... 108
Thay i, g b cc n nh Tab trn thc ..................... 110
n nh Tab trn thc bng thc n ............................ 111
Xa n nh Tab trn thc bng thc n ...................... 112
Chn cch th hin Tab .................................................. 112
To i tng cha vn bn ........................................... 113
Thanh cng c Drawing .................................................. 113
i tng cha vn bn l g? ......................................... 113
Khung cha vn bn ...................................................... 114
i tng cha vn bn ................................................. 115
Cc loi i tng cha vn bn ..................................... 116
Trnh by trang in .......................................................... 117
Chn kh giy, hng giy ............................................. 117
nh l cho trang in ........................................................ 118
Xem trc khi in ............................................................ 119
To tiu trang v nh s trang .................................. 119
Hiu chnh tiu trang (header, footer) ......................... 121
In vn bn ..................................................................... 122

Chng 4 - nh ct, lp bng biu, ha, biu v trn th ..... 124
1. nh ct trong vn bn ............................................................. 124
To ct ch n gin ..................................................... 124
Chn im ngt ct ........................................................ 125
2. Bng biu ................................................................................ 126
To bng ....................................................................... 126
Nhp ni dung cho bng ................................................. 126
Chn , chn dng, chn ct, chn bng ......................... 126
Chn dng v ct, xa dng v ct, chn v xa , bng .. 127
iu chnh chiu cao dng v chiu rng ct .................... 128
Trn , tch ................................................................ 130
Trnh by bng, trang tr bng ......................................... 131
3. ha .................................................................................... 133
Chn hnh ...................................................................... 133
V hnh minh ha trong vn bn ...................................... 135
Trnh by phi hp hnh v vn bn ................................. 136
To ch ngh thut (WordArt) ........................................ 137
4. Biu ................................................................................... 139
Biu v cc thnh phn ca biu ............................ 139
To v hiu chnh biu ............................................... 140
5. Trn th .................................................................................. 141
V d v trn th ............................................................ 142
Cc bc trn th .......................................................... 144
Tin hc I - 5 -
PHN 1

GII THIU MY TNH V NG DNG

1. D LIU V THNG TIN

D liu

D liu c th xem l nhng k hiu hoc tn hiu mang tnh ri rc v khng c cu
trc, ngha r rng. Khi d liu c t chc li c cu trc hn, c x l v
mang n cho con ngi nhng ngha, hiu bit no th khi n tr thnh
thng tin. Ni khc i, t d liu v x l d liu con ngi c c thng tin.

Thng tin

Thng tin l nhng g con ngi thu nhn c t d liu v x l d liu nhm to
ra s hiu bit, to ra cc tri thc v nhng nhn thc tt hn v t nhin v x hi.
Ni cch khc, thng tin l d liu qua x l, i chiu v tr nn c ngha i
vi ngi dng.

Qu trnh x l thng tin tng qut

Hnh 1.1: M hnh qu trnh x l thng tin.

Xut
d liu
X l
d liu
Nhp
d liu
Lu tr d liu

Mt cch tng qut, vic x l thng tin bao gm nm qu trnh sau:

Qu trnh thu nhn thng tin: Np, ghi nh thng tin vo vng nh trong
no hoc cc vt lu tr trung gian (giy, a t, ).

Qu trnh tm kim thng tin: Nh li thng tin trong vng nh no, hoc
thu thp, truy tm thng tin trong cc vt lu tr thng tin.

Qu trnh bin i thng tin: Cc hot ng x l, bin i thng tin dn
n vic thay i thng tin, to ra thng tin mi.

Qu trnh truyn thng tin: Truyn hoc dn thng tin t ni ny sang ni
khc, t i tng ny sang i tng khc.

Nguyn Hu Tn Khoa CTXH & PTC
Tin hc I - 6 -
Qu trnh l gii, suy lun thng tin: Cc hot ng mang tnh tr tu v
sng to nh phn tch, so snh, l gii, suy lun, i chiu, nh gi vai
tr, ngha ca thng tin.

So snh my tnh v con ngi trong vic x l thng tin.

My tnh Con ngi
- X l khi lng ln
- Tnh ton nhanh
- Tnh ton chnh xc
- X l theo chng trnh
- t linh ng
- t sng to
- t thng minh
- X l khi lng nh
- Tnh ton chm
- Tnh ton t chnh xc
- X l bi b no
- Kh linh ng
- Rt sng to
- Rt thng minh

2. MY TNH V TIN HC

nh ngha my tnh

My tnh l thit b cho php lu tr, x l d liu mt cch t ng theo chng
trnh c nh trc v con ngi khng cn phi can thip vo trong khi x l.
Thng qua cc thit b nhp, my tnh s thu nhn c nhng d liu cn x l,
sau my tnh s x l nhng d liu ny v lu tr nu cn, v cui cng my
tnh c th a ra nhng kt qu cho ngi s dng thng qua cc thit b xut.

c im x l ca my tnh

My tnh c kh nng x l d liu nhanh, chnh xc vi khi lng ln. Cc d liu
m my tnh c th x l c rt a dng. Chng c th l s, ch, m thanh, hnh
nh tnh, hnh nh ng.

c im lu tr ca my tnh

My tnh c kh nng lu tr mt lng rt ln cc loi d liu khc nhau. Cc thit
b m my tnh dng lu tr d liu c kch thc nh, gn v tin dng nhng
khi lng lu tr c li rt ln.

n v lu tr d liu dng trong my tnh:
1 Byte (c th lu tr 1 k t).
1 KiloByte (1 KB) = 1024 Byte.
1 MegaByte (1 MB) = 1024 KB.
1 GigaByte (1 GB) = 1024 MB.
1 TetraByte (1 TB) = 1024 GB.

Tin hc I - 7 -
M hnh lm vic ca my tnh

Ngi s dng iu khin my tnh thng qua cc chng trnh c xy dng sn.
Cc hng sn xut my tnh v cc nh sn xut phn mm to ra cc chng trnh
ny.

C nhiu chng trnh khc nhau c to ra nhm phc v cho cc nhu cu, lnh
vc khc nhau. Chng hn nh:
Chng trnh nghe nhc, xem phim phc v nhu cu gii tr.
Chng trnh v hnh, to nh phc v cng vic xut bn.
Chng trnh tnh ton dng trong hc tp v nghin cu.

So snh m hnh lm vic ca my tnh vi cc m hnh lm vic ca cc loi my
khc.

Hnh 1.2: So snh hai m hnh lm vic.

M hnh lm vic ca my tnh M hnh lm vic ca cc loi my khc

Ngi s dng

Cc chng trnh
ng dng

Cc linh kin v
thit b
Ngi s dng

Cc nt bm, iu
khin, cn gt

Cc linh kin v
thit b

Phn loi my tnh

C rt nhiu loi my tnh khc nhau, v cng c nhiu cch phn loi my tnh khc
nhau. Vic phn loi c th da vo nng lc lu tr v x l d liu ca my tnh,
hoc da vo chc nng ca my tnh. Sau y l mt s phn loi:

My tnh loi ln (mainframe), siu my tnh (super computer), my tnh
loi trung (minicomputer), my tnh c nhn (personal computer).

My tnh a nng (multi-purpose computer), my tnh chuyn dng
(special-purpose computer), my tnh h tr.

My tnh bn, my vi tnh (desktop computer), my tnh xch tay
(portable computer, notebook, laptop), my tnh trm (workstation).

Tin hc I - 8 -
Hnh 1.3: My vi tnh bn v my vi tnh xch tay.

My tnh bn (My vi tnh) My tnh xch tay (Laptop)

nh ngha Tin hc

Tin hc (Cng ngh thng tin) l ngnh khoa hc nghin cu cc phng php, cng
ngh, k thut lu tr, truyn v x l thng tin mt cch t ng da trn cng c
ch yu l my tnh v cc thit b truyn tin.

Vic nghin cu chnh ca Tin hc nhm vo hai k thut chnh c pht trin song
song. l k thut phn cng v k thut phn mm:

K thut phn cng: Nghin cu ch to cc linh kin, thit b in t,
cng ngh vt liu mi, ... nhm lm cho my tnh v mng my tnh ngy
cng tng kh nng x l, truyn ti v chia s d liu.

K thut phn mm: Nghin cu cc phng php, quy trnh, cng c gip
cho vic pht trin cc h thng chng trnh iu hnh s hot ng ca
my tnh v mng my tnh, cc ngn ng lp trnh v cc chng trnh
ng dng phc v nhu cu ngi s dng cc lnh vc khc nhau.

3. CC THNH PHN CA MY TNH

Cc thnh phn ca my tnh

c th hot ng c my tnh cn n s kt hp ca hai thnh phn l phn
cng (hardware) v phn mm (software).

Phn cng: Bao gm nhng thit b in t v c kh m chng ta c th
nhn thy s tn ti ca chng v s c.

Phn mm: Bao gm cc chng trnh chy c trn my tnh. Nhng
chng trnh ny c xy dng nhm gip ngi s dng iu khin,
qun l c my tnh, v s dng my tnh nhm p ng yu cu cng
vic ca ngi s dng.

Tin hc I - 9 -
Cc thnh phn phn cng ca my tnh

Mi loi my tnh c th c hnh dng hoc cu trc khc nhau ty theo mc ch s
dng nhng mt cch tng qut phn cng ca my tnh bao gm 5 thnh phn
chnh l (Xem hnh 1.4):
B x l (hay cn gi l CPU Central Processing Unit).
B nh (Memory).
Thit b lu tr (Storage devices).
Thit b nhp (Input devices).
Thit b xut (Output devices).

Cc thit b nhp v xut cn c gi chung l thit b ngoi vi.

Hnh 1.4: Nm thnh phn chnh ca phn cng my tnh.

B x l (CPU)
Thit b lu tr

Thit b nhp Thit b xut

B nh

Tin hc I - 10 -
B x l (CPU)

B x l (cn gi l CPU Central Processing Unit) ch huy cc hot ng ca my
tnh theo cc lnh trong chng trnh v thc hin cc php tnh. Mt s b x l
thng dng hin nay l Intel Celeron - 1.3 GHz, Intel Pentium 4 - 1.8 GHz, Intel
Pentium 4 - 2.4 GHz. CPU c 3 b phn chnh: khi iu khin, khi tnh ton s hc
v logic, v mt s thanh ghi.

Khi iu khin (Control Unit) c xem nh l trung tm iu hnh mi
hot ng ca my tnh. N c nhim v gii m cc lnh trong chng
trnh, to ra cc tn hiu iu khin cng vic ca cc b phn khc ca
my tnh theo yu cu.

Khi tnh ton s hc v logic (Arithmetic-Logic Unit) bao gm cc thit b
c kh nng thc hin cc php tnh s hc (cng, tr, nhn, chia, ...), cc
php tnh logic (and, or, not, ...) v cc php tnh quan h (so snh ln
hn, nh hn, bng, ...).

Cc thanh ghi (Registers) l cc mch nh c gn vo CPU lm nhim
v b nh trung gian. Cc thanh ghi c thit k nhm gip lm tng tc
trao i d liu bn trong my tnh.

Hnh 1.5: B x l (CPU) v b nh RAM.

CPU Pentium hng Intel B nh RAM

B nh (Memory)

Trong qu trnh my tnh lm vic, my tnh cn lu li d liu v chng trnh. B
nh l cc thit b cho php lu tr d liu v chng trnh trong khi my tnh hot
ng. B nh bao gm b nh ROM v b nh RAM:

ROM (Read Only Memory) l b nh ch c ch khng ghi c. Cc
chng trnh c np sn vo ROM thng l cc chng trnh h thng
khi ng v iu khin my tnh lm vic. Khi my tnh khi ng hoc
ang hot ng th nhng chng trnh ny c c v thi hnh. Khi mt
in ni dung lu trong b nh ROM vn cn ch khng b mt i.

Tin hc I - 11 -
RAM (Random Access Memory) l b nh truy xut ngu nhin c th c
v ghi. B nh ny c dng lu tr d liu v chng trnh trong
qu trnh thc hin. Cc chng trnh lu trong RAM thng l cc chng
trnh ng dng c np vo thc hin mt ng dng no . Ni
dung lu trong b nh RAM s b mt i khi mt in hoc tt my.

Nhc li, o dung lng lu tr ca b nh my tnh (RAM, ROM) ngi ta dng
cc n v l Byte, KiloByte (KB), MegaByte (MB), GigaByte (GB) v TetraByte (TB).
Dung lng b nh RAM cho cc my vi tnh hin nay thng thng vo khong 128
MB, 256 MB hoc 512 MB. i vi nhng my tnh mnh, dung lng RAM c th
nhiu hn.

Thit b lu tr (Storage devices)

lu tr d liu v c th chuyn d liu t my tnh ny qua my tnh khc,
ngi ta dng cc thit b lu tr nh bng t, a t, a quang CD-ROM, ... Cc
thit b lu tr ny c dung lng cha rt ln, v d liu khng b mt i khi khng
c ngun in (Xem hnh 1.6).

Nhng loi thit b lu tr c dng ph bin hin nay bao gm:

a cng (Hard Disk). Dng ph bin l nhng a cng c dung lng 20
GB, 30 GB, 40 GB, hoc 60 GB.

a mm (Floppy Disk). Loi a ny c ng knh 3,5 inch vi dung
lng thng dng l 1,44 MB.

a quang (Compact Disk). Loi a ny c ng knh 4.72 inch, hin l
thit b ph bin dng lu tr cc phn mm, hnh nh v m thanh.
C hai loi ph bin l a CD vi dung lng khong 700 MB v DVD vi
dung lng khong 4.7 GB.

Cc loi thit b lu tr khc nh th nh (Memory Stick, Compact Flash
Card), USB Flash Drive thng c dung lng khong 32 MB, 64 MB, 128
MB hoc 256 MB.

Hnh 1.6: Cc thit b lu tr d liu.

a cng a mm

Tin hc I - 12 -

a quang (CD)

Th nh (Compact Flash Card) USB Flash Drive a cng ri

Thit b nhp (Input devices)

Thit b nhp c dng a d liu vo my tnh. Cc loi d liu khc nhau c
th c a vo my tnh nh nhiu loi thit b nhp khc nhau. Cc loi thit b
nhp thng dng hin nay bao gm (Xem hnh 1.7):

Chut (Mouse). Chut l thit b tr, c kch thc va nm tay. Khi di
chuyn chut trn mt tm phng theo hng no th du nhy hoc mi
tn trn mn hnh s di chuyn theo hng c th tr n mt biu
tng mong mun trn mn hnh. Mt s my tnh c con chut c gn
ngay trn bn phm.

Bn phm (Keyboard). y l thit b nhp cho php nhp d liu vn bn
dng ch v s. Bn phm my vi tnh ph bin hin nay l mt bng cha
104 phm c cc tc dng khc nhau.

My qut hnh (Scanner). Thit b ny dng nhp vn bn hay hnh v
bng cch qut hnh chp vo my tnh. Ton b ni dung vn bn hay
hnh v s c lu trong my tnh di dng d liu hnh nh.

Hnh 1.7: Thit b chut, bn phm v my qut hnh (scanner).

Chut (2 nt nhn) Chut (3 nt nhn) Bn phm

Tin hc I - 13 -

My qut cm tay My qut bn

Cc phm trn bn phm c th chia lm 3 nhm chnh:

Nhm phm nh my gm cc phm k t ch, phm k t s v phm cc
k t c bit (~, !, @, #, $, %, ^, &, ?, ...).

Nhm phm s (Numeric Keypad) nm bn phi bn phm, phm Num Lock
cho php nh vo s, phm Caps Lock cho php nh vo ch in.

Nhm phm chc nng (Function Key) gm cc phm t F1 n F12 v cc
phm khc nh phm di chuyn con tr , phm PgUp (y trang
mn hnh ln), phm PgDn (ko trang mn hnh xung), phm Insert
(chn), phm Delete (xa ti im nhy), phm Backspace (xa bn tri
im nhy), phm Home (v u dng), phm End (v cui dng).

Thit b xut (Output devices)

Thit b xut c dng a d liu t bn trong my tnh ra bn ngoi ngi s
dng c th cm nhn c (nhn c, c c, nghe c). Cc loi thit b xut
thng dng hin nay bao gm (Xem hnh 1.8):

Mn hnh (Monitor). L thit b xut hin th d liu trn mn hnh cho
ngi s dng xem. Mn hnh ph bin hin nay trn th trng l mn
hnh mu SVGA kch thc 15, 17 hoc 19.

My in (Printer). L thit b xut in d liu ra giy. My in ph bin hin
nay l loi my in kim, my in phun mc, my in laser trng en hoc
mu.
Tin hc I - 14 -

Hnh 1.8: Thit b mn hnh v my in.

Mn hnh Mn hnh Mn hnh LCD

My in kim My in phun mc My in laser

Phn mm my tnh v phn loi phn mm

Phn mm my tnh ni chung rt phong ph v a dng. Tng qut, phn mm c
th phn thnh hai loi l phn mm h thng v phn mm ng dng:

Phn mm h thng (System Software): L nhng chng trnh c kh
nng t chc v iu hnh s hot ng phi hp ca cc thnh phn
khc nhau trong my tnh. Cc chng trnh ny c xy dng bi cc
chuyn vin h thng. Phn mm h thng thng dng l cc h iu
hnh, chng trnh dch, ... Cc h iu hnh c dng ph bin l MS-
DOS, Windows, Linux.

Phn mm ng dng (Application Software): L nhng chng trnh c
kh nng gii quyt mt nhu cu no ca ngi s dng. Cc chng
trnh ny c xy dng bi cc nh lp trnh ng dng. Phn mm ng
dng ni chung rt phong ph v a dng nhm phc nhiu loi nhu cu
khc nhau ca ngi s dng t cc nhu cu v hc tp, nghin cu, x l
cng vic cho n nhu cu lin lc v gii tr.

Cc phn mm ng dng c th c phn loi vo cc lnh vc ng dng nh sau:
X l vn bn (MS Word, Word Perfect).
X l bng tnh (MS Excel, Lotus).
Qun tr c s d liu (MS Access, FoxPro, SQL Server, Oracle).
Thuyt trnh, trnh din (MS PowerPoint).
Th in t (MS OutLook Express).
Thng k x l s liu (SPSS, Minitab).
Tin hc I - 15 -
X l ton hc (Maple, Mathematica).
Xem thng tin trn mng Internet (Internet Explorer, Netscape Navigator).
X l bn (MapInfo, ArcView).
Thit k ha, xut bn (CorelDraw, PhotoShop, ).

Phn mm H iu hnh

H iu hnh l mt phn mm h thng v cng quan trng, c xy dng nhm
gip ngi s dng c th d dng iu khin v qun l my tnh.

H iu hnh c cc chc nng chnh sau:
Qun l ti nguyn ca h thng.
Qun l h thng tp tin.
To mi trng giao tip gia ngi v my, gia my v my.
Qun l s thc hin cc chng trnh ng dng.

Qu trnh pht trin h iu hnh.
H iu hnh n nhim (MS DOS).
H iu hnh a nhim (Windows, Unix, Linux).
H iu hnh mng (Windows 2000 Server).

Mt s h iu hnh c dng ph bin Vit Nam hin nay:
H iu hnh MS DOS.
H iu hnh Windows (ph bin nht).
H iu hnh Linux (ph bin trong tng lai).

4. MNG MY TNH

S hnh thnh mng my tnh

Nhng ngi lm vic trn cc my tnh ring l ti nhng v tr phn tn trong qu
trnh lm vic thng c nhu cu chia s d liu v cc ti nguyn my tnh (b nh,
my in, kh nng x l tnh ton, ) vi nhau.

gii quyt nhu cu ny, cc my tnh c ghp ni li vi nhau mt cch h
thng. S ghp ni ny hnh thnh nn mng my tnh. Vic ghp ni c th l c
dy (qua cp) hoc khng dy (qua v tinh).

Phn loi mng my tnh

C nhiu cch phn loi mng my tnh. Hai cch phn loi thng dng l phn loi
theo khong cch v phn loi theo cch ghp ni.

Phn loi theo khong cch.
Mng my tnh cc b, cn gi l mng LAN (Local Area Network).
Mng my tnh th, cn gi l mng MAN (Metropolitan Area Network).
Mng my tnh din rng, cn gi l mng WAN (Wide Area Network).
Mng my tnh ton cu, cn gi l mng Internet.
Tin hc I - 16 -
Phn loi theo cch ghp ni (Xem hnh 1.9).
Mng tuyn tnh.
Mng vng.
Mng hnh sao.
Mng hnh cy.
Mng mt li.
Mng v tinh.

Hnh 1.9: Mt s cch ghp ni mng.

ng dy cp
Mng tuyn tnh

Mng vng

HUB
HUB

Mng hnh sao

Thit b
ni mng

Mng hnh cy

Tin hc I - 17 -

My ch (server) v my khch (client)

Trong mt mng my tnh ngi ta thng dng mt s t cc my tnh c nng x
l mnh lm cc my tnh trung tm, gi l cc my ch (my server). Cn a s cc
my tnh thng thng cn li gi l my khch (my client), v chng c kt ni
vi my ch (Xem hnh 1.10).

Ngi s dng lm vic cc my khch c th yu cu my ch cung cp cc dch
v cn thit. Dch v y c th hiu l cc ti nguyn m my ch c c v c
th chia s cho my khch.

Hnh 1.10: My ch v cc my khch trong mng my tnh.

My khch

My ch

My in mng

H iu hnh mng

mng my tnh hot ng c cn c h iu hnh mng, phn mm ng dng
trn mng v ngi qun tr mng.

H iu hnh mng l phn mm h thng gip ngi s dng qun l v iu hnh
mng my tnh thun li v hiu qu. Mt s h iu hnh mng thng dng l
Novell Netware, Windows NT Server, Windows 2000 Server, Linux (Xem hnh 1.11).

Cc dch v trn mng

Dch v trn mng l nhng ti nguyn m my ch c c v c th chia s, phc
v theo cc yu do cc my khch trong mng gi n (Xem hnh 1.12). C nhiu
dch v trn mng. Mt s dch v thng dng trn mng bao gm:
Dch v tp tin.
Dch v in n.
Dch v thng bo.
Dch v th mc.
Dch v ng dng.
Dch v c s d liu.
Tin hc I - 18 -
Hnh 1.11: H iu hnh my ch v cc h iu hnh my khch.

HH Windows 2000

Hnh 1.12: Yu cu dch v v p ng dch v.

Cc d liu lu tr trong my tnh di dng cc tp tin. V d mt hnh nh lu tr
thnh mt tp tin, mt ti liu lu tr thnh mt tp tin, mt bi ht lu tr thnh
mt tp tin. V h iu hnh gip ngi s dng qun l d liu thng qua vic
qun l cc tp tin. Trong mt mng my tnh, ngi s dng c th c cc nhu cu
truyn tp tin, lu tr tp tin, sao lu tp tin, gia cc my tnh trong mng vi
nhau. Dch v tp tin gip thc hin nhng vic ny (Xem hnh 1.13).

Hnh 1.13: Dch v tp tin.

p ng DV
HH Windows
2000 Server
HH
Windows XP
HH
Windows 98
My ch
Yu cu DV
My khch
File
Server
File
Client
Request
Reply
Tin hc I - 19 -
Khi mt mng my tnh c my in mng th cc my tnh trong mng c th cng
nhau chia s my in ny. Cc my tnh c nhu cu in s gi d liu cn in n dch
v in n do my ch qun l. Dch v in n ny s iu khin my in mng ln lt
in d liu theo cc yu cu in n gi n (Xem hnh 1.14).

Hnh 1.14: Dch v in n.

Khi ngi s dng lm vic trong mt mng my tnh c nhu cu gi e-mail (th
in t) t my tnh ca mnh n mt my tnh khc trong mng, ngi s dng c
th yu cu dch v e-mail (l mt loi dch v thng bo) do my ch qun l
thc hin yu cu ny (Xem hnh 1.15).

Hnh 1.15: Dch v e-mail.

Mng Internet
E-Mail
E-Mail

Tin hc I - 20 -
5. MNG INTERNET V TM KIM THNG TIN

Internet l g?

Internet l h thng mng rng ln bao gm cc mng my tnh c lin kt vi
nhau trn phm vi ton th gii thng qua h thng knh truyn thng. Mng
Internet ni kt hng nghn mng my tnh trn th gii, bao gm cc mng ca cc
trng i hc, cc mng ca cc vin nghin cu, cc mng ca chnh ph, cc t
chc, cc doanh nghip thng mi v ca cc c nhn khc nhau.

C th ni Internet l mng ca cc mng.

Lch s hnh thnh Internet

Gia thp nin 60, B Quc phng M giao mt nhm nghin cu hnh thnh mng
my tnh gi l mng ARPANet nhm phc v vic lin lc, trao i d liu, thng tin
trong qun s. Nm 1973, mng ARPANet m rng kt ni quc t lan rng n cc
mng my tnh ca cc trng i hc ln trn nc M. Nm 1983, mng ARPANet
m rng ln na ni kt hu ht cc trung tm my tnh trn ton nc M. Nm
1983 n nay, mng ARPANet pht trin rng khp trn ton th gii v c gi l
mng Internet.

Mng ton cu Internet

T nm 1983 n 1991, Internet tr thnh mng my tnh ln nht trn th gii.
Nm 1991, mt dch v mi trn Internet ra i gi l dch v World Wide Web
(WWW) lm cho Internet d s dng hn.

Cng ngy mng Internet cng pht trin:
Nhiu my tnh kt ni vo Internet (pht trin s lng).
Khp ni trn th gii kt ni vo Internet (pht trin phm vi).
Nhiu dch v trn Internet (pht trin ng dng).
Nhiu thng tin trn Internet (pht trin thng tin).

Cc nh cung cp lin quan n Internet

C ba nh cung cp quan trng lin quan n vic cung cp kh nng kt ni
Internet cng nh kh nng cung cp cc dch v trn Internet.
Nh cung cp kh nng truy cp Internet (IAP Internet Access Provider).
Nh cung cp dch v Internet (ISP Internet Service Provider).
Nh cung cp thng tin Internet (ICP Internet Content Provider).

Nh cung cp kh nng truy cp Internet, gi tt l IAP, cung cp cng truy nhp
vo Internet cho cc mng. V d Cng ty in ton v Truyn s liu VDC c
xem l mt IAP.

Nh cung cp dch v Internet cung cp quyn truy cp Internet qua mng in
thoi v cc dch v nh dch v WWW, E-Mail, Chat, V d Cng ty FPT, Cng ty
Tin hc I - 21 -
Saigon Postel, Cng ty VDC, c xem l cc ISP. Ch Cng ty VDC va l mt
IAP, ng thi l ISP.

Cc thng tin v vn ha, gio dc, x hi, kinh t, k thut, gii tr, c trn
Internet c cung cp bi cc nh cung cp thng tin trn Internet. V d Cng ty
FPT va l mt ISP ng thi cng l mt ICP.

Kt ni Internet v cc dch v trn Internet

Hai cch kt ni Internet thng dng Vit Nam l (Xem hnh 1.16):
Kt ni trc tip qua ng thu bao dnh ring.
Kt ni gin tip qua mng in thoi cng cng vi s h tr ca modem.

Trn mng Internet hin nay c rt nhiu dch v. Mt s dch v thng dng trn
Internet bao gm:
Dch v thng tin (Web).
Dch v th in t (E-mail).
Dch v hi thoi trc tuyn (Chat).
Dch v truyn tp tin (FTP).
Dch v truy cp my ch (Telnet).
Dch v din n thng tin (News Group).

Hnh 1.16: Kt ni Internet qua mng in thoi cng cng.

Mng Internet
My ch nh
cung cp ISP
Mng in thoi
cng cng

Modem

Tm kim thng tin trn Internet

Nh dch v Web, ngi s dng c th xem v tm kim thng tin trn Internet.

Tin hc I - 22 -
Mt s khi nim:

Thng tin trn Internet c t chc trnh by di hnh thc cc trang
thng tin gi l trang Web.

Tp hp cc trang Web c ni dung lin quan vi nhau v thuc mt t
chc no c kt ni li vi nhau gi l Website.

Trang Web u tin ca mt Website t kt ni vi cc trang Web
khc c gi l trang ch hay trang nh (Home page).

Dch v p ng cc yu cu v thng tin cha trong cc Website gi l
dch v Web (hay cn gi l Web Server). Dch v ny c ci t trn
cc my ch trong mng Internet.

Mi Website trn Internet u phi c mt a ch ngi s dng c th
truy cp n (hay tham kho n). a ch ny gi l a ch Web URL. Cc
Website khc nhau phi c cc a ch Web URL khc nhau.

V d mt a ch Web URL l http://www.vnexpress.net, trong http://
l k hiu giao thc cn www.vnexpress.net l a ch Website. Giao thc
l cch thc ng gi, m ha d liu truyn trn ng mng, v cc
qui tc thit lp v duy tr qua trnh trao i d liu trn mng.

Phn tch a ch Web URL:

M quc gia
http://www.hcmuns.edu.vn

Giao thc http dng
tham kho thng
tin trong website

Tnh cht ca t chc
ch ca Website
a ch Website

Ba k t th hin tnh cht ca t chc ch ca Website:
com: Cc t chc, cng ty thng mi.
org: Cc t chc phi li nhun.
net: Cc trung tm h tr v mng.
edu: Cc t chc gio dc (trng i hc, trung tm gio dc, ).
gov: Cc t chc thuc chnh ph.
mil: Cc t chc thuc qun s.
int: Cc t chc c thnh lp bi cc hip c quc t.

Hai k t th hin m quc gia:
us: M (nu khng c 2 k t th hin quc gia, mc nhin hiu l M).
ca: Canada.
vn: Vit Nam.
th: Thi Lan.
jp: Nht.
Tin hc I - 23 -

Mt s a ch Web:
www.microsoft.com (Website ca hng Microsoft, M).
www.tintucvietnam.net (Website Tin tc Vit Nam).
www.vnexpress.net ((Website Tin nhanh Vit Nam).
www.tuoitre.com (Website Bo Tui Tr, TP. H Ch Minh).
www.sap-vn.org (Website Chng trnh h tr x hi cho Vit Nam).
www.undp.org.vn (Website Chng trnh pht trin ca LHQ ti Vit Nam).
www.search.asiaco.com/Vietnam/ (Website tm a ch Internet Vit Nam).

xem thng tin cha trong mt Website no trn Internet, my tnh ca ngi
s dng ngoi kh nng kt ni Internet cn cn phi c trnh duyt Web.

Trnh duyt Web

Trnh duyt Web l mt phn mm ng dng cho php xem thng tin trn Internet
khi my tnh c kt ni mng (m ta thng hay gi l vo mng).
Hai trnh duyt Web thng dng:
Internet Explorer.
Netscape Navigator.

Chy trnh duyt Web (Xem hnh 1.17 v 1.18).
Chn Start | Program | Internet Explorer.
Hoc nhp i chut biu tng Internet Explorer trn mn hnh nn.
Ti Address, vo a ch Website ca ni cn tham kho, n Enter.

Hnh 1.17: Biu tng Internet Explorer trn mn hnh nn.

Tin hc I - 24 -
Thot trnh duyt Web (Xem hnh 1.19).
T thanh thc n, chn File | Close.
Hoc nhp chut ti nt ng trn thanh tiu .

S dng cc ng c tm kim

Thng thng khi tm kim thng tin trn Internet ngi s dng rt kh nh cc
a ch ca Website c cha thng tin cn tm, hoc khng bit c nhng Website
no trong nc hoc trn th gii c cha nhng thng tin cn tm. Nhm gip
ngi s dng tm nhng Website cn thit, mt s cc cng ty phn mm trn th
gii cung cp nhng dch v h tr tm kim. Cc dch v ny thng c gi l cc
ng c tm kim, v chng c th hin cng dng cc Website.

Mt s Website ng c tm kim ni ting:
www.google.com www.excite.com www.infoseek.com
www.yahoo.com www.search.com www.altavista.com

Hnh 1.18: Xem thng tin ti trang Web http://www.vnn.vn.

Tin hc I - 25 -
Hnh 1.19: Thot khi trnh duyt Web.

K nng tm kim thng tin vi Google

Hin nay Google l ng c tm kim ni ting nht c nhiu ngi s dng
tm kim thng tin trn Internet.

Cc bc tm kim thng tin (Xem hnh 1.20).
Xc nh ch tm kim, t kha ca ch .
Dng trnh duyt Web m trang Web Google (www.google.com.vn).
nh vo t kha trng.
Nhn nt Tm kim vi Google.

T kha l t quan trng nht, th hin r nht, gn nht, c th nht v ch m
ta mun tm kim thng tin trn Internet. T kha cng c th, khng m h chung
chung th phm vi tm kim s c thu hp v vic tm kim tr nn hiu qu hn.

V d so snh vic tm kim thng tin vi cc t kha sau, xem t kha no l tt
(Xem hnh 1.21, 1.22, 1.23, 1.24 v 1.25):
History.
Asian history.
Vietnam history.
Vietnam war history.

Tin hc I - 26 -
Hnh 1.20: Dng ng c tm kim Google tm thng tin trn Internet.

trng

Hnh 1.21: Tm kim vi t kha history.

Tin hc I - 27 -
Hnh 1.22: Tm kim vi t kha Asian history.

Hnh 1.23: Tm kim vi t kha Vietnam history.

Tin hc I - 28 -
Hnh 1.24: Tm kim vi t kha Vietnam war history.

Hnh 1.25: Tm kim vi t kha Vietnam war history (c du ngoc kp).

Tin hc I - 29 -
Tm kim thng qua t kha.
T kha cng c th, phm vi tm kim cng xc nh.
C th dng cc php ton tm kim and, +, or, not, .

V d tm vi t kha culture and society ngha l mun tm nhng trang Web cha
c hai t culture v society (nhng hai t ny khng nht thit phi i lin nhau).

V d tm vi t kha culture or society ngha l mun tm nhng trang Web cha t
culture hoc c cha t society, hoc c cha c hai t culture v society (nhng hai
t ny khng nht thit phi i lin nhau).

V d tm vi t kha culture not society ngha l mun tm nhng trang Web cha
t culture nhng khng c cha t society.

V d tm vi t kha culture society ngha l mun tm nhng trang Web cha c
hai t culture v society, ng thi hai t ny phi i lin nhau.

Ch t kha culture and society tng ng vi cc t kha culture + society v
cultute society. Tc l php ton + tng ng vi php ton and khi tm kim vi
Google.

S dng trnh duyt Internet Explorer (IE)

Khi ng IE.
Start | Program | Internet Explorer.
Hoc nhp i chut biu tng Internet Explorer trn mn hnh nn.

Thot IE.
T thanh thc n chn File | Close.
Hoc nhp nt ng trn thanh tiu .

Giao din ca IE (Xem hnh 1.26).
Thanh tiu .
Thanh thc n.
Thanh cng c.
Thanh a ch.
Ca s hin th.
Thanh trng thi.

Thanh cng c (Xem hnh 1.27).
Cha cc biu tng tng trng cho cc tc v.
Cho php thc hin nhanh mt s chc nng thng dng khi duyt Web.

Mt s chc nng thng dng khi duyt Web (Xem hnh 1.27).
Tr v trang Web trc (Back).
i n trang Web k tip (Forward).
Dng vic ti trang Web (Stop).
i n trang ch ca Website (Home).
Tin hc I - 30 -
Hnh 1.26: Giao din trnh duyt Internet Explorer.

Hnh 1.27: Thanh cng c.

Thanh thc n.
Bao gm cc thc n ko xung.
Cc thc n File, Edit, View, Favorites, Tools v Help.

Truy cp Website.

Gi s my tnh c kt ni Internet. C ba cch truy cp Website.

Truy cp Website mi.
- Xc nh a ch trang Web cn tham kho.
- Vo a ch trang Web Address.

Tin hc I - 31 -
Truy cp Website t Address Book.
- Nhp chut vo mi tn bn phi Address.
- Chn a ch trang Web trong danh sch.

Truy cp Website t Favorite.
- Chn Favorite t thanh thc n.
- Chn a ch trang Web a thch ghi li trc .

Th in t (E-Mail)

Web Mail l mt dch v trn mng Internet nhm cho php ngi s dng trao i
e-mail qua mng Internet. Web Mail hin nay pht trin rt nhanh, v c nhiu cng
ty cung cp dch v Web Mail min ph. Thng qua Web Mail mi ngi trn th gii
c th lin lc trao i vi nhau mt cch d dng, nhanh chng v thun tin.

Mt s Web Mail min ph thng dng.
mail.yahoo.com
www.hotmail.com
www.vol.vnn.vn
www.mailcity.com
www.e-mail.com
www.rocket.com

Tin hc I - 32 -
PHN 2

H IU HNH WINDOWS

1. H IU HNH WINDOWS

Gii thiu H iu hnh

S hot ng ca my tnh da vo s phi hp ca hai thnh phn l phn cng v
phn mm. Phn mm bao gm phn mm h thng v phn mm ng dng.

H iu hnh (HH) l mt phn mm h thng c thit k nhm gip ngi s
dng iu khin v qun l my tnh mt cch d dng, thun tin v hiu qu. Cc
chc nng chnh ca HH bao gm:
Qun l ti nguyn h thng.
Qun l vic nhp v xut d liu.
Qun l h thng tp tin.
Qun l, iu khin vic thc hin chng trnh.
To mi trng giao tip thun tin v thn thin gia ngi v my.

Cc HH thng dng hin nay l MS-DOS, Windows, Macintosh v Linux. Gio trnh
ny trnh by HH Windows. Mi HH c nhiu phin bn (version) khc nhau.
Ngoi ra ngi ta cn phn bit HH dng cho my n, v HH dng cho mng
my tnh. HH c pht trin lin tc v ngy cng thn thin hn vi ngi s
dng, ng thi cng phc tp hn.

Mt s phin bn HH Windows thng dng cho my n:
Windows 98, Windows 98 SE.
Windows Me, Windows XP.
Windows 2000, Windows 2000 Professional.

Mt s phin bn HH Windows thng dng cho mng:
Windows NT Server.
Windows 2000 Server.

Giao din ca s

Giao din l g? Giao din l cch thc m thng qua ngi s dng c th tng
tc (giao tip) vi my tnh.

HH Windows thit k giao din kiu ca s kt hp vi thc n v dng cc biu
tng hnh nh, c gi chung l giao din ca s hay giao din Windows. Ngi
s dng iu khin v qun l my tnh thng qua vic tng tc vi cc thnh phn
hin th trong cc giao din ca s ny. Cch thc giao tip ny lm cho ngi s
dng cm thy vic iu khin my tnh tr nn d dng v thn thin (Xem hnh 2.1
v 2.2).
Tin hc I - 33 -
Hnh 2.1: Thc n v biu tng.

Biu tng
Thc n

Hnh 2.2: Ca s.

Ca s

Tin hc I - 34 -
Cc thnh phn ca giao din Windows (Xem hnh 2.3, 2.4, 2.5 v 2.6).
Ca s, con tr, biu tng.
Thc n, hp thoi, nt iu khin.
Mn hnh nn.
Thanh tiu .
Thanh cng c.
Thanh thc n.
Thanh cun.
Thanh tc v.

Hnh 2.3: Mn hnh nn, biu tng v thanh tc v.

Thanh tc v
Biu tng
Mn hnh nn

Tin hc I - 35 -
Hnh 2.4: Ca s, thanh tiu , thanh thc n v thanh cng c.

Ca s
Thanh cng c
Thanh thc n
Thanh tiu

Hnh 2.5: Thc n.

Thc n
ko xung

Tin hc I - 36 -
Hnh 2.6: Cc nt iu khin ca s, cc thanh cun.

Thanh cun
ngang
Thanh cun
ng
Cc nt iu
khin ca s

Hp thoi

Trong khi lm vic, c nhng tnh hung HH cn ngi s dng cung cp thng tin
hoc quyt nh cho cng vic tip theo. Khi HH dng hp thoi giao tip vi
ngi s dng.

Cc thnh phn ca hp thoi (Xem hnh 2.7, 2.8 v 2.9):
Tiu .
Cc nt xc nhn, cc nt iu khin, cc th.
Cc mc nhp (hp vn bn, hp chn la, ).

Tin hc I - 37 -
Hnh 2.7: Hp thoi v nt iu khin.

Nt iu khin
Hp thoi

Hnh 2.8: Tiu hp thoi, nt iu khin, mc nhp loi hp vn bn.

Nt Mc nhp
(hp vn bn)
Tiu hp thoi

Tin hc I - 38 -
Hnh 2.9: Th, mc nhp loi hp chn la.

Mc nhp
(hp chn la)
Th

Cc thao tc chut

Khi giao tip vi HH thng qua giao din Windows, ngi s dng thng dng
thit b chut lm cng c tr n cc biu tng hin th trong giao din.

Cc thao tc vi thit b chut (gi tt l chut):

Ko v tr Di chuyn chut v tr chut n biu tng
Ko v th Nhp chut ti biu tng, ko v th chut
Nhp chut (nhp chut tri) Nhp phm tri ca chut
Nhp chut phi Nhp phm phi ca chut
Nhp i chut Nhp i phm tri ca chut

2. TP TIN V TH MC

Tp tin, th mc, cy th mc, ng dn

My tnh c th lu tr mt khi lng ln cc d liu vo cc thit b lu tr nh
a mm, a cng, USB, D liu c lu tr vo cc thit b lu tr di dng
cc tp tin (files). V d mt hnh nh, mt bn , mt bi ht, mt bi vit hoc
mt tp cc s liu cn tnh ton, c th c lu vo a thnh mt tp tin. HH
Windows gip ngi s dng qun l cc tp tin ny mt cch d dng.

Tin hc I - 39 -
qun l cc tp tin, HH Windows yu cu mi tp tin khi lu tr u phi c
tn. Cc tp tin khc nhau phi c tn khc nhau. Tn tp tin gm hai phn l phn
tn v phn m rng cho bit loi tp tin.
V d tn tp tin: bailam.doc, baocao.xls, trinhbay.ppt, hinhanh.jpg.
Phn tn do ngi s dng t.
Phn m rng thng do phn mm ng dng qui nh, ngi s dng
khng cn phi t. V d ta dng phn mm MS Word vit mt bi
lm, khi ta lu bi lm ny thnh mt tp tin trn a chng hn th tp tin
ny s t ng c phn m rng l doc.

Trong khi lm vic, ngi s dng s to ra rt nhiu tp tin. gip cho vic tm
kim cc tp tin d dng v nhanh chng, HH Windows cho php ngi s dng
to ra cc th mc (folder) v lu cc tp tin c ni dung lin quan vi nhau vo
tng th mc.

Trong mt th mc c cha cc tp tin, nhng cng c th cha cc th mc khc.
Cc th mc lin kt vi nhau lm thnh cy th mc. Windows qui c mi a c
mt th mc bt u, gi l th mc gc, k hiu l \.

Hnh nh cy th mc v cc tp tin (Xem hnh 2.10 v 2.11).

C:\
KeHoach
HocKy1
Hocky2
BaoCao
CongTacGV
SinhVien
GiaoVien
CongTacSV

V tr ca tp tin c xc nh bi ng dn. ng dn bt u t th mc gc
ca a cho n th mc con cha tp tin. Thng qua ng dn, ngi s dng xc
nh c:
Tp tin c lu a no.
Tp tin c lu th mc no trong a .
Th mc m tp tin lu vo l th mc con hay th mc gc.
Nu th mc cha tp tin l th mc con th l con ca th mc no.
V d: D:\GiaoTrinh\TinHocI\BaiGiang\P2-HeDieuHanh.doc

BaoCaoHK1.doc
BaoCaoHK2.doc
TongKet.ppt
HinhAnhHoiThao.jpg
ng dn
Tin hc I - 40 -
Hnh 2.10: Cy th mc (khun mn hnh tri).

Hnh 2.11: Biu tng tp tin, biu tng th mc.

Biu tng
th mc
Biu tng
tp tin

Tin hc I - 41 -
Dng chut thao tc ko v th vi tp tin v th mc

Khi dng chut thc hin thao tc ko v th cc biu tng tp tin v th mc s
to ra cc kt qu di chuyn hoc sao chp. Chng hn,

Tr biu tng tp tin v ko n t trn biu tng th mc ri th c
ngha l di chuyn tp tin vo cha trong th mc.

Tr biu tng tp tin, n phm Ctrl v ko n t trn biu tng th
mc ri th c ngha l thc hin sao chp tp tin v bn sao tp tin c
cha vo trong th mc.

Tr biu tng th mc v ko n t trn biu tng th mc khc ri
th c ngha l di chuyn th mc (v cc tp tin trong ) vo cha trong
th mc khc.

Tr biu tng th mc, n phm Ctrl v ko n t trn biu thng th
mc khc ri th c ngha l sao chp th mc (v cc tp tin trong ) v
bn sao th mc (v cc tp tin trong ) c cha vo trong th mc
khc.

3. S DNG H IU HNH WINDOWS 2000

Khi ng h iu hnh

Khi bt my tnh, HH c ci trn a cng trc s c t ng np v
thc hin. Qu trnh ny gi l khi ng h iu hnh, thi gian mt vi pht.

Khi hon tt vic khi ng, trc mt ngi s dng s l mn hnh nn ca HH
cng cc biu tng ng dng c sp t trn . Cc biu tng ng dng cn
c th xut hin trn thanh tc v nm y mn hnh. Nt Start nm gc tri
pha di mn hnh nn (Xem hnh 2.12).

ng nhp h thng

Nu lm vic trong mng, sau khi HH c khi ng, c th h thng s yu cu
ngi s dng ng nhp h thng (thng gi l log in h thng). ng nhp
h thng, ngi s dng cn nhp vo tn ngi s dng (user name) v mt m
(password). Nhng thng tin ny s c cung cp v to ra khi ngi s dng
ng k s dng vi ngi qun tr h thng mng (Xem hnh 2.13).

Tin hc I - 42 -
Hnh 2.12: Mn hnh nn, biu tng ng dng, thanh tc v v nt Start.

Mn hnh nn
Thanh tc v
Biu tng
ng dng
Biu tng
ng dng
Hnh 2.13: Hp thoi ng nhp h thng.

Thot khi h thng

Sau khi lm vic vi my tnh, ngi s dng phi thot khi h thng trc khi tt
my (Xem hnh 2.14).
Chn Start | Shut Down
Hp thoi Shut Down Windows xut hin.
Chn Shut down | OK.
Sau khi thot khi h thng, vic tt my tnh s c t ng thc hin.

Tin hc I - 43 -
Hnh 2.14: Thot khi h thng.

Thc n i tng

Khi tr chut n mt i tng (biu tng) no , nhp chut phi th thc n
i tng s hin ra (Xem hnh 2.15 v 2.16). Thc n i tng cho php ngi
s dng thc hin cc thao tc lin quan n i tng nh:

Xem thng tin v i tng (Properties).
i tn i tng (Rename).
Xa i tng (Delete).
M i tng (Open).

Tin hc I - 44 -
Hnh 2.15: Thc n i tng (i tng l mt biu tng ng dng).

Thc n
i tng

Hnh 2.16: Thc n i tng (i tng l biu tng a).

Thc n
i tng

Tin hc I - 45 -
i tng My Computer

My Computer l mt i tng qua cho php ngi s dng qun l cc thit b
lu tr (a mm, a cng, USB, ) v cc thit b ngoi vi (thit b nhp, xut).

lm vic vi i tng My Computer, ngi s dng nhp i chut biu tng
My Computer trn mn hnh nn. Ca s My Computer hin ra (Xem hnh 2.17 v
2.18).

Hnh 2.17: Biu tng My Computer trn mn hnh nn.

Xem thng tin v cc i tng trong My Computer (Xem hnh 2.19).
Tr chut n i tng (v d nh a mm, a cng).
Nhp chut phi xut hin thc n i tng.
Chn Properties.
Chn th General.
Xem thng tin v i tng.
Nhp nt ng ca s.

Hnh 2.18: Ca s My Computer v cc i tng m n qun l.

Cc i tng My
Computer qun l
Tin hc I - 46 -
Hnh 2.19: Thng tin v i tng a C trong My Computer.

Thc n Start

Nt Start nm gc tri trn thanh tc v ca mn hnh nn cho php kch hot
thc n Start. Thc n Start cho php ngi s dng chy cc chng trnh ng
dng (phn mm ng dng). Nhp chut vo nt Start, thc n Start xut hin.

Chy phn mm Word nh mt vn bn v thot (Xem hnh 2.20 v 2.21).
Chn Start | Programs | Microsoft Word.
T thanh thc n, chn File | Exit thot.

Chy phn mm Excel tnh ton trong mt bng tnh v thot.
Chn Start | Programs | Microsoft Word.
T thanh thc n, chn File | Exit thot.

Tin hc I - 47 -
Hnh 2.20: Chy phn mm Word.

Hnh 2.21: Thot phn mm Word.

Tin hc I - 48 -
Cng c cu hnh Control Panel

Control Panel l mt cng c cho php ngi s dng thit lp cc c tnh cho mi
trng lm vic ca HH (gi l thit lp cu hnh). Chng hn thng qua Control
Panel, ngi s dng c th thit lp ngy, gi cho h thng, thit lp cch thc
mn hnh nn xut hin, ci t cc font ch s dng, thit lp hnh thc d liu
ngy, gi,

M ca s Control Panel (Xem hnh 2.22):
Chn Start | Settings | Control Panel.
Hoc m ca s My Computer, chn i tng Control Panel.

Hnh 2.22: Ca s Control Panel v cc i tng m n qun l.

Mt s i tng thng dng trong Control Panel i vi nhng ngi mi bt u
s dng my tnh l i tng System, Date/Time, Regional Options v Display.

i tng System (Xem hnh 2.23).
M ca s Control Panel.
Nhp i chut biu tng System.
Hp thoi System Properties xut hin cho thy cc thng tin v h thng.

Tin hc I - 49 -
i tng Date/Time (Xem hnh 2.24).
Nhp i chut biu tng Date/Time.
Hp thoi Date/Time Properties xut hin cho php ngi s dng xem v
xc lp ngy, gi cho h thng.

i tng Regional Options (Xem hnh 2.25).
Nhp i chut biu tng Regional Options.
Hp thoi Regional Options xut hin cho php ngi s dng xem v xc
lp cch thc hin th s, tin t, ngy gi, ph hp vi quy c ca
tng quc gia (V d M dng du chm lm du cch thp phn v du
phy lm du cch phn ngn, trong khi Vit Nam li dng du phy
lm du cch thp phn v du chm lm du cch phn ngn).

Hnh 2.23: Hp thoi System Properties.

Hnh 2.24: Hp thoi Date/Time Properties.

Tin hc I - 50 -
Hnh 2.25: Hp thoi Regional Options.

i tng Display (Xem hnh 2.26).
Nhp i chut biu tng Display.
Hp thoi Display Properties xut hin cho php ngi s dng thit lp
cch thc xut hin ca mn hnh nn.

Hnh 2.26: Hp thoi Display Properties.

Tin hc I - 51 -
4. CNG C WINDOWS EXPLORER

Cng c Windows Explorer

Windows Explorer l mt cng c m HH Windows to ra nhm gip ngi s dng
c th qun l cc tp tin trong cc thit b lu tr nh a mm, a cng, USB,
mt cch thun tin v hiu qu. Thng qua Windows Explorer, ngi s dng c
th thc hin d dng cc thao tc v tp tin, th mc v a.

Cc thao tc thng dng vi tp tin bao gm:
M tp tin.
i tn tp tin.
Sao chp, di chuyn, xa b tp tin.

Cc thao tc thng dng vi th mc bao gm:
M th mc.
i tn th mc.
Sao chp, di chuyn, xa b th mc.

Khi ng Windows Explorer.
Nhp chut phi nt Start, chn Explore.
Hoc Start | Programs | Accessories | Explorer.

Thot khi Windows Explorer.

Giao din Windows Explorer

Cc thnh phn giao din Windows Explorer (Xem hnh 2.27).
Thanh tiu .
Thanh thc n.
Thanh cng c.
Khun mn hnh tri.
Khun mn hnh phi.
Hp a ch.
Thanh trng thi.

Tin hc I - 52 -
Hnh 2.27: Giao din Windows Explorer.

Xem v hin th thng tin

Xem thng tin v a, th mc, tp tin.
Tr chut n i tng a, th mc, tp tin.
Nhp chut phi xut hin thc n i tng tng ng.
Chn Properties. Xem thng tin trong hp thoi.
Nhp nt OK, hoc nt ng thot.

i tng a ch hin th trong khun mn hnh tri, cn i tng th mc
hin th trong c hai khun mn hnh, v i tng tp tin th ch hin th trong
khun mn hnh.

Quan st hai khun mn hnh.

Khun mn hnh phi hin th ni dung ca mc c chn khun mn
hnh tri. Do vy khi chn mc khc khun mn hnh tri th ni dung
ca khun mn hnh phi s thay i theo.

Trong khun mn hnh tri, du + l hin th rt gn ca mc (khng thy
cc th mc con nu c) v du l hin th chi tit ca mc (hin th cc
th mc con nu c). Nhp du + s bin thnh du v ngc li (Xem
hnh 2.28).

Tin hc I - 53 -
Hnh 2.28: Hai khun mn hnh ca ca s giao din Windows Explorer.

Du + v -
Ni dung ca a C
(mc c chn
khun mn hnh tri)

Thay i cch hin th thng tin th mc, tp tin (Xem hnh 2.29).
T thanh thc n, chn View | List.
Th mc v tp tin c hin th dng danh sch.
Cc chn la khc:
o Large Icons (biu tng dng hnh ln).
o Small Icons (biu tng dng hnh nh).
o Details (hin th chi tit).

Cc thao tc a

M a (Xem hnh 2.30).
Tr chut n i tng a (trong khun mn hnh tri).
Nhp chut phi m thc n i tng.
T thc n i tng, chn Open. Ca s ni dung a m ra.
Nhp nt ng hoc chn File | Close t thanh thc n thot.

Tin hc I - 54 -
Hnh 2.29: Hin th tp tin v th mc theo dng chi tit.

Hin th th mc v tp tin
theo dng chi tit (details).

Hnh 2.30: M a C xem trong C c nhng th mc v tp tin no.

Tin hc I - 55 -
i tn a (Xem hnh 2.31).
T thc n i tng, chn Rename. Du nhy nh v vng tn a.
Nhp vo tn mi, n Enter. Tn a nn t vn tt, d nh v c ngha.

Hnh 2.31: i tn a.

nh dng a (Xem hnh 2.32).
T thc n i tng, chn Format. Hp thoi nh dng xut hin.
Nu mun nh dng nhanh, chn Quick Format.
Nhp nt Start bt u qu trnh nh dng.

Tin hc I - 56 -
Hnh 2.32: Hp thoi nh dng.

Hp thoi nh dng:

Khi nh dng s mt ht cc
d liu hin ang c lu tr
trong a. Do vy phi cn
thn khi nh dng, c bit l
nh dng a cng. i vi
nhng d liu quan trng, cn
sao lu trc khi nh dng.

C hai cch nh dng l nh
dng thng thng hoc nh
dng nhanh (Quick Format).

Tm kim trong a (Xem hnh 2.33).
T thc n i tng, chn Search. Ca s tm kim m ra.
in tn tp tin hay tn th mc cn tm kim trong a. Nhp nt Search
Now bt u qu trnh tm kim.

Hnh 2.33: Ca s tm kim.

Tin hc I - 57 -
Cc thao tc tp tin

M mt tp tin (Xem hnh 2.34).
Tr chut n i tng tp tin (trong khun mn hnh phi).
T thc n i tng, chn Open. Ni dung tp tin c m ra di s
iu khin ca phn mm ng dng tng ng.

(V d khi ngi s dng chn Open m tp tin vn bn c phn m rng l doc
th HH s chy phn mm ng dng x l vn bn Microsoft Word trc, sau
phn mm ny s m tp tin vn bn.)

Hnh 2.34: M tp tin.

Sao chp tp tin (Xem hnh 2.35).
M th mc cha tp tin cn sao chp.
Chn mt hoc nhiu tp tin cn sao chp.
T thanh thc n, chn Edit | Copy to bn sao tp tin.
M th mc ni s cha bn sao.
T thanh thc n, chn Edit | Paste sao chp.

( chn nhiu tp tin, n phm Shift hay Ctrl trong khi chn. Shift s chn nhng
tp tin nm k nhau trong th mc, ngc li Ctrl s cho php chn nhng tp tin
nm cch nhau.)

Tin hc I - 58 -
Hnh 2.35: To cc bn sao tp tin.

Di chuyn tp tin (Xem hnh 2.36).
M th mc cha tp tin cn di chuyn.
Chn mt hoc nhiu tp tin cn di chuyn.
T thanh thc n, chn Edit | Cut ct tp tin.
M th mc ni s cha tp tin di chuyn n.
T thanh thc n, chn Edit | Paste dn tp tin ct.

( chn nhiu tp tin, n phm Shift hay Ctrl trong khi chn. Shift s chn nhng
tp tin nm k nhau trong th mc, ngc li Ctrl s cho php chn nhng tp tin
nm cch nhau. ng tc ct v dn tp tin kt hp li thnh di chuyn tp tin).

Tin hc I - 59 -
Hnh 2.36: Ct cc tp tin.

i tn tp tin (Xem hnh 2.37).
T thc n i tng, chn Rename. Du nhy s c nh v ti tn
tp tin.
nh vo tn mi, n phm Enter.

(C th thc hin i tn tp tin nhanh bng cch tr chut n i tng tp tin,
chn tp tin v nhp chut. nh vo tn mi v n phm Enter.)

Xa tp tin (Xem hnh 2.38).
T thc n i tng, chn Delete.
Hp thoi yu cu xc nhn vic xa xut hin.
Nu ng xa tp tin, nhn nt Yes. Tp tin s b xa (c di vo
thng rc Recycle Bin).

Tin hc I - 60 -
Hnh 2.37: i tn tp tin.

Hnh 2.38: Xa tp tin v xc nhn xa tp tin.

Tin hc I - 61 -
Recycle Bin l mt i tng c bit. N l th mc do HH qun l,
th mc ny cha nhng tp tin hoc th mc c xa b.

Nhp chut biu tng Recycle Bin trong mn hnh nn Windows
Explorer xem ni dung ca n (cha cc tp tin, th mc c
xa b).

Mun phc hi li nhng g xa, chn th mc hoc tp tin mun
phc hi, nhp nt Restore. Mun xa tht s ni dung ca Recycle
Bin, nhp nt Empty Recycle Bin. Sau khi xa tht s th khng phc
hi c na (Xem hnh 2.39).

Hnh 2.39: M xem nhng g xa c cha trong thng rc Recycle Bin.

Tm kim tp tin (Xem hnh 2.40).
T thanh cng c, nhp nt Search. Ca s tm kim xut hin.
Trong Search for files or folders named, in tn tp tin cn tm kim.
Trong Look in, chn a ni cn tm kim tp tin.
Nhp nt Search Now bt u qu trnh tm kim.

Tin hc I - 62 -
Hnh 2.40: Ca s tm kim tp tin.

Cc thao tc th mc

To th mc mi (Xem hnh 2.41).
M th mc l ni m ta mun to th mc mi trong .
a con tr chut n vng trng trong khun mn hnh phi.
T thc n i tng, chn New | Folder.
Biu tng th mc xut hin, nh vo tn th mc, n phm Enter.
Th mc mi c to ra s l th mc rng (cha c g trong c).

Sao chp th mc (Xem hnh 2.42).
M a hoc th mc cha th mc cn sao chp.
Chn mt hoc nhiu th mc cn sao chp.
T thanh thc n, chn Edit | Copy to bn sao th mc.
M a hoc th mc ni s cha bn sao.
T thanh thc n, chn Edit | Paste thc hin sao chp.

( chn nhiu th mc, n phm Shift hay Ctrl trong khi chn. Shift s chn nhng
th mc nm k nhau, ngc li Ctrl s cho php chn nhng th mc nm cch
nhau.)

Tin hc I - 63 -
Hnh 2.41: To th mc mi.

Th mc mi to ra s l th
mc con ca th mc ny
(Hinh Anh)

Hnh 2.42: Sao chp th mc.

Khi th mc c sao chp c ngha l
bn thn th mc v tt c nhng g
cha trong n (tp tin, th mc con)
cng u c sao chp.

Tin hc I - 64 -
Di chuyn th mc (Xem hnh 2.43).
M a hoc th mc cha th mc cn di chuyn.
Chn mt hoc nhiu th mc cn di chuyn.
T thanh thc n, chn Edit | Cut ct th mc.
M a hoc th mc ni s cha th mc di chuyn n.
T thanh thc n, chn Edit | Paste dn th mc ct.

( chn nhiu th mc, n phm Shift hay Ctrl trong khi chn. Shift s chn nhng
th mc nm k nhau, ngc li Ctrl s cho php chn nhng th mc nm cch
nhau. ng tc ct v dn th mc kt hp li thnh di chuyn th mc).

Hnh 2.43: Ct cc th mc.

Khi th mc c di chuyn (di ch) c
ngha l bn thn th mc v tt c
nhng g c cha trong n (tp tin, th
mc con) u c di chuyn (di ch).

i tn th mc.
Tr chut n i tng th mc.
T thc n i tng, chn Rename. Du nhy s c nh v ti tn
th mc.
nh vo tn mi, n phm Enter.

(C th thc hin i tn th mc nhanh bng cch tr chut n i tng th
mc, chn th mc v nhp chut. nh vo tn mi v n phm Enter.)

Tin hc I - 65 -
Xa th mc (Xem hnh 2.44).
Tr chut n i tng th mc.
T thc n i tng, chn Delete.
Xut hin hp thoi yu cu xc nhn vic xa.
Nu ng xa th mc, nhn nt Yes. Th mc s b xa (c di vo
thng rc Recycle Bin).

Hnh 2.44: Xa th mc.

Khi th mc b xa c ngha l
bn thn th mc v tt c
nhng g cha trong n (tp tin,
th mc con) u b xa.

Tm kim th mc (Xem hnh 2.45).
T thanh cng c, nhp nt Search. Ca s tm kim xut hin.
Trong Search for files or folders named, in tn th mc cn tm kim.
Trong Look in, chn a ni cn tm kim th mc.
Nhp nt Search Now bt u qu trnh tm kim.

5. CC CNG C KHC TRONG WINDOWS

Cc cng c khc

Ngoi Windows Explorer, HH Windows cn trang b nhiu cng c khc cho ngi
s dng. Ngi s dng cn c thi gian lm vic nhiu vi my tnh s dn dn tch
ly nhng kinh nghim s dng cc cng c trong HH Windows.

Tin hc I - 66 -
Mt s cng c thng dng bao gm my tnh (Calculator), cng c xem hnh nh
(Imaging), cng c v hnh (Paint), cng c x l vn bn n gin (WordPad) v
cc cng c h thng (System Tools).

Hnh 2.45: Tm kim th mc.

Accessories

Accessories l ni cha cc cng c m HH Windows trang b cho ngi s dng
(Xem hnh 2.46).
Nhp nt Start, chn Program | Accessories.
Thc n cc cng c m ra. Chn cng c cn n.

Hnh 2.46: Thc n Accessories.

Tin hc I - 67 -
PHN 3

X L VN BN VI MS WORD

CHNG 1

GII THIU TNG QUT

1. PHN MM WORD

Phn mm x l vn bn l phn mm cho php ngi s dng to lp, chnh sa v
nh dng cc vn bn ti liu mt cch d dng v thun tin. Gio trnh ny trnh
by cch dng phn mm MS Word (phin bn Word 2000) l phn mm x l vn
bn ca hng Microsoft.

2. KHI NG V THOT KHI WORD

khi ng Word, dng mt trong hai cch:
T mn hnh nn, chn Start | Programs | Microsoft Word.
Hoc nhp i chut biu tng Word trn mn hnh nn.

thot khi Word tr v h iu hnh, dng mt trong hai cch:
T thanh thc n, chn File | Exit.
Hoc chn nt ng trn thanh tiu .

Trc khi thot khi Word, nu vn bn cha c lu li th s xut hin hp
thoi hi ngi s dng c cn lu li vn bn trc khi thot hay khng
(Xem hnh 3.1).
Chn Yes nu mun lu li vn bn trc khi thot.
Chn No nu mun thot khi Word m khng lu li vn bn.
Chn Cancel nu mun b qua vic thot v tr li cng vic.

Hnh 3.1: Hp thoi yu cu xc nhn.

3. CA S NG DNG WORD

Sau khi khi ng Word, ca s ng dng Word s c hin th trn mn hnh. Cc
thnh phn ca ca s ny bao gm:
Thanh tiu (Title bar).
Tin hc I - 68 -
Thc n lnh (Menu bar).
Thanh cng c (Toolbars).
Thanh cng c chun (Standard Toolbar)
Thanh cng c nh dng (Formatting Toolbar)
Thc (Rulers).
Ca s Word (Word area).
Thanh trng thi (Status bar).

hin th hoc che du thanh cng c, thc hin:
T thanh thc n, chn View | Toolbars.
Sau chn hoc b Standard, Formatting.

hin th hoc che du thc, thc hin:
T thanh thc n, chn View.
Sau chn hoc b Ruler.

Ca s ng dng Word (Xem hnh 3.2).

Hnh 3.2: Ca s ng dng Word.

4. MT PHIN LM VIC THNG THNG VI WORD

Mt phin lm vic thng thng vi Word thng bao gm cc bc sau:
Khi ng Word t h iu hnh.
To vn bn mi hoc m vn bn c lu trc .
Nhp vn bn t bn phm.
Tin hc I - 69 -
Chnh sa v nh dng vn bn.
Lu vn bn vo a.
Thot khi Word v tr v h iu hnh.

5. QUN L VN BN

To mt vn bn mi

C hai cch to mt vn bn mi.
T thanh cng c chun, chn nt New .
Hoc t thanh thc n, chn File | New | Blank Document | OK (Xem
hnh 3.3).

Hnh 3.3: Hp thoi chn Blank Document.

Lu vn bn mi

C hai cch lu vn bn mi.
T thanh cng c chun, chn nt Save .
Hoc t thanh thc n, chn File | Save.

Vn bn c lu di dng tp tin c phn m rng l .doc. Khi lu vn bn,
hp thoi Save As s xut hin v ta cn cung cp ni lu tr tp tin (tc l
th mc s cha tp tin) cng nh tn tp tin cho hp thoi (Xem hnh 3.4).
Chn th mc s cha tp tin trong Save in.
in tn tp tin vn bn trong File name.
Nhp nt Save lu tp tin.
Tin hc I - 70 -
Nhp nt Cancel b qua vic lu v tr li cng vic.
Hnh 3.4: Hp thoi Save As.

Lu vn bn di tn khc

lu vn bn di tn khc, thc hin:
T thanh thc n, chn File | Save As.
Hp thoi Save As xut hin ging nh khi lu vn bn mi cha c tn.

Sau khi lu vn bn di tn khc xong ta c hai tp tin vn bn ni dung
ging nhau nhng tn tp tin th khc nhau, v vn bn ang hin din trong
ca s Word ta tip tc lm vic s l vn bn vi tn tp tin mi.

ng vn bn

C hai cch ng vn bn.

Trc khi ng vn bn, nu vn bn cha c lu li th s xut hin hp
thoi hi ngi s dng c cn lu li vn bn trc khi thot hay khng
(Xem hnh 3.5).
Chn Yes nu mun lu li vn bn trc khi ng.
Chn No nu mun ng m khng cn lu li vn bn.
Chn Cancel nu mun b qua vic ng vn bn v tr li cng vic.

Tin hc I - 71 -
Hnh 3.5: Hp thoi yu cu xc nhn.

M mt vn bn tn ti

C hai cch m mt vn bn c lu trc .
T thanh cng c chun, chn nt Open .
Hoc t thanh thc n, chn File | Open.

Hp thoi Open xut hin (Xem hnh 3.6).
Tm th mc cha tp tin vn bn bng cch dng Look in.
Sau chn tp tin vn bn mun m v nhp nt Open.
Nu mun b qua vic m tp tin, tr li cng vic th nhp nt Cancel.

Hnh 3.6: Hp thoi Open.

Tin hc I - 72 -
Lm vic vi nhiu vn bn

Ngi s dng c th lm vic vi nhiu vn bn trong mt phin lm vic. Khi
nhiu vn bn s c m cng mt lc v ngi s dng c th chn vn bn no
lm vic trong s cc vn bn c m, hoc lm vic qua li gia cc vn bn.

m nhiu vn bn lm vic, thc hin:
T thanh cng c chun, chn nt Open .
M mt tp tin vn bn lm vic.
T thanh cng c chun, chn nt Open ln na.
M mt tp tin vn bn khc lm vic.

By gi ngi s dng ang lm vic vi hai vn bn. chn vn bn
no cn lm vic, t thanh thc n chn Window | Tn tp tin vn bn
(trong danh sch cc vn bn ang c m) (Xem hnh 3.7).

Hnh 3.7: Chn vn bn lm vic.

Hin ang m ba
vn bn

Tin hc I - 73 -
CHNG 2

NHP V CHNH SA VN BN

1. NHP VN BN MI

K t, t v on trong vn bn

Phn bit k t, t, on.

Khi ta g mt phm trn bn phm, trn mn hnh hin ra mt k hiu v
c th in k hiu ny ra giy c th l mt k t. Ta c k t ch (a,
b, c, ), k t s (0,1, 2, ), cc k t khc (:, ?, /, !, ).

T l mt nhm cc k t c phn cch bng khong trng (v d nh
an sinh l hai t, t an c 2 k t, cn t sinh c 4 k t).

Cc t kt hp vi nhau lm thnh cu v cu thng c kt thc bng
du chm. Cc cu kt hp vi nhau lm thnh on v on c kt
thc bng phm Enter.

Tnh cht cun dng

Khi nhp vn bn th cc dng k t s xut hin t tri qua phi trn mn
hnh. Khi dng k t nhp ko di v gp l bn phi ca trang vn bn th n
s t ng xung dng m ta khng phi n phm Enter. Tnh cht ny gi l
cun dng khi nhp vn bn.

Tnh cht xung dng

Khi nhp vn bn xung dng c th dng:
Phm Enter: Xung dng v bt u mt on mi.
Phm Shift-Enter: Xung dng nhng khng to mt on mi.
Phm Ctrl-Enter: Xung dng v ngt sang trang mi.

To vn bn mi

C hai cch to vn bn mi.
T thanh cng c chun, chn nt New .
Hoc t thanh thc n, chn File | New | Blank Document | OK.

Khi to vn bn mi, ca s Word l mt vng trng cha c g, du nhy (cursor)
hay cn gi l du chn nm trong vng ca s ngay dng u tin, v ngi s
dng sn sng nhp vn bn (Xem hnh 3.7). C hai ch nhp vn bn l ch
chn v ch chng. Vic n phm Insert s chuyn qua li gia hai ch ny.

Tin hc I - 74 -
Ch chn: Khi di chuyn du nhy vo gia cu v g vn bn th vn
bn mi s c chn vo gia cu v y vn bn c qua phi. ch
ny du hiu OVR trn thanh trng thi b m i.

Ch chng: Khi di chuyn du nhy vo gia cu v g vn bn th vn
bn mi s chng ln vn bn c v vn bn c b mt i. ch ny
du hiu OVR trn thanh trng thi s hin r.

Nhp vn bn ting Vit

G vn bn ch hoa, ch thng.

n phm Caps Lock s chuyn i qua li gia ch g ch hoa v ch
g ch thng. n Caps Lock bt sng l ang ch g ch hoa,
ngc li l ch g ch thng.

ch g ch hoa, n mt phm k t ch s nhp vo vn bn ch in
hoa, cn n phm Shift ng thi vi phm k t ch s nhp vo vn bn
ch thng.

ch g ch thng, n mt phm k t ch s nhp vo vn bn ch
thng, cn n phm Shift ng thi vi phm k t ch s nhp vo vn
bn ch in hoa.

Hnh 3.7: Ca s ng dng Word v vng ca s Word.

Du chn
Vng ca s Word

Tin hc I - 75 -
Nhp vn bn ting Vit.

c th nhp vn bn ting Vit, my tnh cn phi ci t phn mm
ng dng h tr to du ting Vit. Trn th trng c nhiu loi phn
mm nh vy, thng dng nht l phn mm ting Vit Vietkey.

nhp vn bn ting Vit, cn phn bit kiu g ting Vit v bng m
ting Vit. Kiu g ting Vit l cch g phm trn bn phm to ra du
ting Vit theo quy c ca phn mm Vietkey. Bng m ting Vit l cch
thc m ha m phn mm dng lu tr ting Vit vo tp tin vn bn.

C hai b m ting Vit thng dng l b m VNI v b m Unicode. Hin
nay nhiu ngi thch dng b m Unicode. Vi kiu g ting Vit th c
nhiu kiu nhng thng dng nht l kiu g VNI v kiu g Telex.

Trc khi nhp vn bn ting Vit, cn chy phn mm Vietkey. Sau
xc nh dng b m ting Vit no (VNI hay Unicode), v dng kiu g
ting Vit no (VNI hay Telex). Khi chy phn mm Vietkey, biu tng
Vietkey s xut hin thanh tc v (Xem hnh 3.8).

chn b m ting Vit, tr chut n biu tng Vietkey v nhp chut
phi xut hin thc n i tng, sau chn mc Hin ca s
Vietkey. Khi ca s Vietkey c hin th, chn th Bng m, chn b
m VNI Win hoc Unicode dng sn, cui cng nhp nt TaskBar (Xem
hnh 3.9 v 3.10).

chn kiu g ting Vit, tr chut n biu tng Vietkey v nhp
chut phi xut hin thc n i tng, sau chn mc Hin ca
s Vietkey. Khi ca s Vietkey c hin th, chn th Kiu g, chn
Telex hoc VNI, cui cng nhp nt TaskBar (Xem hnh 3.11).

Sau khi chn b m v kiu g ting Vit, cn chn phng ch Vit v c
ch. Nu chn b m VNI Win th c th dng cc phng ch bt u
bng t VNI, chng hn nh phng VNI-Times, VNI-Aptima, VNI-Couri
Nu chn b m Unicode th c th dng cc phng ch nh Times New
Roman, Arial, Tahoma, Courier, (Xem hnh 3.12).

Hnh 3.8: Biu tng Vietkey.

Tin hc I - 76 -
G ting Vit theo kiu g VNI.

Du sc (, , ) G phm s 1 G a1 thnh
Du huyn (, , ) G phm s 2 G a2 thnh
Du hi (, , ) G phm s 3 G a3 thnh
Du ng (, , ) G phm s 4 G a4 thnh
Du nng (, , ) G phm s 5 G a5 thnh
Du m (, ) G phm s 6 G a6 thnh
Du mc (, ) G phm s 7 G o7 thnh
Du G phm s 8 G a8 thnh
Du gch ca ch G phm s 9 G d9 thnh

Hnh 3.9: Kch hot thc n i tng Vietkey.

Hnh 3.10: Chn b m ting Vit (VNI hay Unicode).

Tin hc I - 77 -
Hnh 3.11: Chn kiu g ting Vit.

Hnh 3.12: Chn phng ch (V d chn phng Tahoma, ng vi b m Unicode).

G ting Vit theo kiu g Telex.

f = du huyn x = du ng ee = aw = ddd = dd
s = du sc j = du nng oo = uw = ooo = oo
r = du hi aa = dd = ow = eee = ee

V d nhp t nc ta g nuwowcs, nhp t vit ta g vieetj.

Tin hc I - 78 -
Nhp vn bn ting Anh

C nhiu cch nhp vn bn ting Anh.
Khng chy chng trnh Vietkey trc khi nhp vn bn.
Hoc thot Vietkey trc khi nhp vn bn.
Hoc chuyn ch bn phm Anh-Vit trc khi nhp vn bn.

Thot Vietkey nhp vn bn ting Anh.
Tr chut n biu tng Vietkey thanh tc v.
Chn mc Kt thc thot Vietkey (Xem hnh 3.13).

Hnh 3.13: Thot Vietkey.

Chuyn ch bn phm Anh-Vit trong Vietkey.

Tr chut n biu tng Vietkey thanh tc v, nhp phm tri chut
trn biu tng Vietkey. Nu Vietkey ang ch bn phm ting Vit
(k hiu V) th n s chuyn sang ch bn phm ting Anh (k hiu E),
v ngc li.

ch bn phm ting Anh, bng m ting Vit v kiu g ting Vit s
khng cn tc dng na, khi c th nhp vo vn bn ting Anh.

Xem thng tin gip trong Vietkey.
Tr chut n biu tng Vietkey thanh tc v.
Chn mc Tr gip, ca s thng tin tr gip xut hin v t y ngi
dng c th chn mc cn tham kho (Xem hnh 3.14).

Tin hc I - 79 -
Hnh 3.14: Ca s thng tin tr gip ca Vietkey.

Di chuyn du chn trong vn bn

Trong qu trnh x l vn bn, ngi s dng thng xuyn di chuyn du chn
trong vn bn c th chnh sa, xa hoc thm vn bn.

Mt s cch di chuyn du chn trong vn bn.

Phm Home a du chn v u dng
Phm End a du chn v cui dng
Phm Ctrl-Home a du chn v u tp tin vn bn
Phm Ctrl-End a du chn v cui tp tin vn bn
Phm a du chn qua phi mt k t
Phm a du chn qua tri mt k t
Phm a du chn ln pha trn mt dng
Phm a du chn xung pha di mt dng
Phm Ctrl- a du chn qua phi mt t
Phm Ctrl- a du chn qua tri mt t
Phm Page Up a du chn ln pha trn mt s dng
Phm Page Down a du chn xung pha di mt s dng

Ngoi ra, ngi s dng cn c th s dng thanh cun ng v thanh cun ngang
cun vn bn v nh c th thy c bt k ch no trong vn bn. Sau
a du chn n v tr mong mun v nhp phm tri chut nh v du chn.
Tin hc I - 80 -

nh du chn vn bn

Trong qu trnh x l vn bn, ngi s dng thng xuyn phi trang tr hoc nh
dng vn bn sao cho vn bn trnh by c p mt, d nhn, d c v n tng.
Mt s thao tc nh dng thng thng nh lm cho ch m ln, nghing i hoc
gch di, Mun nh dng vn bn trc tin cn phi nh du chn vn bn
(thng gi tt l chn vn bn), sau thc hin thao tc nh dng trn vn bn
chn ny.

Thao tc chn vn bn bao gm chn mt k t, chn mt t, chn mt dng, chn
nhiu dng, chn mt on, chn mt phn ty , v chn ton b vn bn. Khi vn
bn c chn, n s th hin thnh ch trng trn nn en. hy vic chn vn
bn, ch cn nhp chut ti mt v tr bt k nh v du chn tr li.

Thao tc nh du chn vn bn.

Chn mt k t
a du chn n bn tri k t, nhp v ko
chut i qua k t ri th chut.
Chn mt t
a du chn vo gia t mun chn, sau
nhp i chut.
Chn mt dng
a du chn n vng bin tri v ngang tm
vi dng mun chn (khi hnh dng du
chn bin thnh mi tn), nhp chut.
Chn nhiu dng
a du chn n vng bin tri v ngang tm
vi dng mun chn (hnh dng bin thnh mi
tn), nhp v ko chut xung di.
Chn mt on
a du chn vo gia on vn bn, nhp ba
chut (tc l nhp phm tri chut ba ln).
Chn mt phn ty
a du chn n im bt u ca phn vn
bn mun chn, nhp v ko chut i n
im cui.
Chn mt phn ty
a du chn n im bt u ca phn vn
bn mun chn, nhp chut, n gi phm Shift
khi tr chut n im cui, nhp chut.
Chn ton b vn bn
T thanh thc n, chn Edit | Select All. Hoc
nhn phm Ctrl-A.

Xa v sa vn bn

Xa vn bn.

a du chn n ni mun xa, n phm Backspace s xa k t bn tri
du chn, cn n phm Delete s xa k t bn phi du chn. Hoc chn
phn vn bn mun xa, n phm Delete.
Nu l xa sai, mun khi phc li nhp nt Undo trn thanh cng c,
hoc chn Edit | Undo Clear t thanh thc n.
Tin hc I - 81 -
Nt Undo trn thanh cng c l mt chc nng rt thun tin trong khi x l
vn bn. Khi thc hin mt thao tc no , va thc hin xong li thy rng
khng phi l iu m mnh mong mun. Khi ch cn nhp nt Undo s khi phc
li tnh trng trc khi thc hin thao tc, xem nh ta cha thc hin g c.

Hnh 3.15: Chn mt dng.

Vng bin tri

Sa vn bn.

a du chn n ni cn sa vn bn, nh du chn phn vn bn cn
sa, sau nh vo vn bn mi. Phn vn bn mi s thay th phn
vn bn b nh du chn trc .

Trng hp cn chn vn bn mi, ch cn a du chn n ni cn chn
v g vo vn bn mi. Phn vn bn mi s c chn vo vn bn trc
. Ch vic chn ch thc hin c khi ang trong ch chn.

Di chuyn v sao chp vn bn

Thao tc di chuyn vn bn cho php di ch mt phn vn bn t ch ny sang
ch khc trong mt vn bn.

Di chuyn vn bn (di chuyn cn c gi l ct v dn).

Chn phn vn bn mun di ch.
Nhp nt Cut trong thanh cng c ct phn vn bn chn.
Hoc t thanh thc n chn Edit | Cut.
a du chn n ni s t phn vn bn mi b ct.
Nhp nt Paste trong thanh cng c dn phn vn bn. Hoc t
thanh thc n chn Edit | Paste.

Tin hc I - 82 -
Thc ra cn c th di chuyn vn bn gia nhiu tp tin vn bn vi nhau. Tc l ly
mt phn vn bn trong tp tin vn bn ny v di ch t n sang mt tp tin vn
bn khc. Thc hin nh sau:

M tp tin vn bn (ngun) ang cha phn vn bn cn di ch.
Chn phn vn bn mun di ch.
Nhp nt Cut trong thanh cng c ct phn vn bn chn.
Hoc t thanh thc n chn Edit | Cut.
M tp tin vn bn (ch) s cha phn vn bn b ct.
a du chn n ni s t phn vn bn mi b ct.

Thao tc sao chp vn bn cho php sao chp mt phn vn bn t ch ny sang
ch khc trong mt vn bn.

Sao chp vn bn (sao chp cn c gi l chp v dn).

Chn phn vn bn mun sao chp.
Nhp nt Copy trong thanh cng c chp phn vn bn chn.
Hoc t thanh thc n chn Edit | Copy.
a du chn n ni s t phn vn bn mi c chp.

Tng t nh di chuyn vn bn, vic sao chp vn bn c th thc hin gia nhiu
tp tin vn bn vi nhau. Tc l chn mt phn vn bn trong tp tin vn bn ny
chp li v chp n sang mt tp tin vn bn khc.

Lu vn bn

Ln u khi to mi, tp tin vn bn s t ng mang tn document (quan st thanh
tiu s thy tn tp tin vn bn). Tn ny l tn chung khng c ngha g c
bit, cn phi lu vn bn c th t mt tn c ngha hn, phn nh c ni
dung ca vn bn.

C hai cch lu vn bn mi.
T thanh cng c chun, chn nt Save .
Hoc t thanh thc n, chn File | Save.

Hp thoi Save As xut hin, cn cung cp ni lu tp tin (a, th mc)
v tn tp tin mi thng qua cc mc trong hp thoi (Xem hnh 3.16),
nhp nt Save.

Tin hc I - 83 -
Ngoi ra khi lm vic vi mt tp tin vn bn tn ti, ta cng c th to ra mt
tp tin vn bn ging nh vy nhng vi tn khc. Khi ta c th chnh sa tp tin
vn bn mi ny cn bn gc vn bn vn c gi trong tp tin vn bn c.

To tp tin vn bn di tn khc.
Gi s ang lm vic vi mt tp tin vn bn.
T thanh thc n, chn File | Save As.

Hp thoi Save As xut hin, cn cung cp ni lu tp tin (a, th mc)
v tn tp tin mi thng qua cc mc trong hp thoi (Xem hnh 3.16),
nhp nt Save. Khi tp tin vn bn c c t ng ng li v ta lm
vic vi tp tin vn bn mi.

Hnh 3.16: Hp thoi Save As.

Tn tp tin mi
Th mc cha tp tin

2. TM KIM V THAY TH VN BN

Tm kim vn bn

Thao tc tm kim vn bn cho php ngi s dng tm t ng mt t hoc mt
cm t xem chng nm u trong vn bn ang lm vic.

Tm kim vn bn.
T thanh thc n, chn Edit | Find.
Hp thoi Find and Replace xut hin (Xem hnh 3.17).
in vo t hoc cm t cn tm kim Find what.
Nhp nt Find Next bt u tm kim.

Tin hc I - 84 -
Vic tm kim c thc hin trong phm vi t v tr hin thi ca du
chn tr xung. Nu mun tm kim chi tit hn, nhp nt More trong hp
thoi trc khi nhp nt Find Next. Khi ta c cc chn la sau:
Search: Chn phm vi tm kim (All, Down, Up).
Match case: Tm c phn bit ch hoa, ch thng.
Find whole words only: Tm c phn bit nguyn t.
Use wildcards: Tm c dng cc k t thay th (?, *).

Hnh 3.17: Hp thoi Find and Replace vi th Find c chn sn.

Thay th vn bn

Ngoi vic tm kim, khi cn c th thay th t ng mt t hoc cm t trong vn
bn bi mt t hoc cm t mi.

Thay th vn bn.
T thanh thc n, chn Edit | Replace.
in vo t hoc cm t cn thay th Find what.
in vo t hoc cm t s thay th Replace with.
Nhp nt Find next, Replace hoc Replace All bt u tm v thay th.

Vi Find Next s tm v ch ngi s dng quyt nh c thay th hay
khng khi tm thy. Vi Replace s tm v thay th nu c, thay th xong
tm tip v ch ngi s dng quyt nh c thay th hay khng khi tm
thy. Vi Replace All th tm v thay th tt c nhng trng hp tm thy.

Thng thng vic tm v thay th c thc hin trong phm vi t v tr
hin thi ca du chn tr xung. Nu mun tm v thay th chi tit hn,
c th dng cc chn la nh trong phn tm kim vn bn.

Tm trang

Tm trang cho php ngi s dng di chuyn du chn n thng ngay u trang
ca mt trang no . Thc hin nh sau:
T thanh thc n, chn Edit | Goto.
in s trang cn n Enter page number, nhp nt Go To.
Tin hc I - 85 -
Hnh 3.18: Hp thoi Find and Replace vi th Replace c chn sn.

Hnh 3.19: Hp thoi Find and Replace vi th Go To c chn sn.

3. VN BN T NG (AutoText)

Vn bn t ng l g? Trong khi son tho vn bn c nhng phn c kh nng lp
i lp li nhiu ln trong vn bn, hoc c kh nng s dng trong nhiu vn bn
khc nhau, tit kim thi gian g phn vn bn ny ta c th g ch mt ln sau
gn cho n mt t i din v dng t ny lm phn vn bn t ng xut
hin m khng cn phi g y . Chc nng ny c gi l vn bn t ng.

V d tiu Cng ha X hi Ch ngha Vit Nam l phn vn bn ta thng s
dng rt nhiu khi son tho vn bn, ta c th lm cho n tr thnh mt mc vn
bn t ng v dng n v sau.

To mc vn bn t ng.
G vo tiu Cng ha X hi Ch ngha Vit Nam.
nh du chn tiu .
Tin hc I - 86 -
T thanh thc n, chn Insert | AutoText | New.
Hp thoi Create AutoText xut hin (Xem hnh 3.20).
Gn mt tn cho tiu Please name your AutoText entry, v d nh
td chng hn, nhp nt OK.

Hnh 3.20: Hp thoi Create AutoText.

S dng mc vn bn t ng.
a du chn n ni mun xut hin tiu .
G td, n phm F3. Ch td s c thay th bng chnh tiu .

Xem mc vn bn t ng.
T thanh thc n, chn Insert | AutoText | AutoText.
Hp thoi AutoCorrect xut hin (Xem hnh 3.21).
nh vo tn mc vn bn t ng Enter AutoText entries here.
Phn vn bn t ng tng ng s xut hin trong Preview.

Thao tc xem mc vn bn t ng rt cn v nhiu khi ta khng nh ht
nhng mc vn bn t ng c to ra trong qu trnh lm vic.

Hnh 3.21: Hp thoi AutoCorrect vi th AutoText c chn sn.

Tin hc I - 87 -

Xa mc vn bn t ng.
T thanh thc n, chn Insert | AutoText | AutoText.
Hp thoi AutoCorrect xut hin.
nh vo tn mc vn bn t ng Enter AutoText entries here.
Nhp nt Delete.

4. SA LI T NG (AutoCorrect)

Chc nng sa li t ng cho php thc hin mt s vic chng hn nh sau du
chm v khong trng ta g mt t ton ch thng n s t ng sa k t u
ca t thnh ch hoa, hay ta g i ri khong trng n s t ng sa thnh I
(ting Anh), hay ta g t acn n s t ng sa thnh t can (ting Anh).

tm hiu kh nng sa li t ng, t thanh thc n chn Tools | AutoCorrect.
Hp thoi AutoCorrect:English (U.S.) xut hin (Xem hnh 3.22).

Hnh 3.22: Hp thoi AutoCorrect:English (U.S.) vi th AutoCorrect c chn sn.

Quan st hp thoi trn ta thy c mt bng gm hai ct v nhiu dng. Chc nng
sa li t ng hot ng da trn ni dung ca bng ny. V d trong bng by ta
thy c dng acn | can, nh dng ny m khi ta g acn th phn sa li t ng s
sa li thanh can. Ta c th thm dng vo bng ny hoc xa dng ra khi bng
ny iu khin vic sa li t ng.

Tin hc I - 88 -
Xa mc sa li t ng.
T thanh thc n chn Tools | AutoCorrect.
Hp thoi AutoCorrect:English (U.S.) xut hin.
Chn dng mun xa trong bng. Nhp nt Delete.
Nhp nt OK kt thc.

Gi s ta chn dng acn | can xa. Sau khi xa xong th t gi tr i
nu ta g acn th n vn l acn ch khng t ng sa thnh can na.

Thm mc sa li t ng.
T thanh thc n chn Tools | AutoCorrect.
Hp thoi AutoCorrect:English (U.S.) xut hin.
in mt t trong Replace, v mt t trong With. Nhp nt Add.
Nhp nt OK kt thc.

Gi s ta in t anc trong Replace, v t can trong With th sau
nu ta g anc th n s t ng c sa thnh can.

Gii thch mt s ty chn trong hp thoi AutoCorrect:English (U.S.).

Correct TWo INitials CApitals: Nu c chn n s c tc dng l khi ta
g mt t vi hai k t u tin l ch hoa th n s c t ng sa k
t ch hoa th hai thnh ch thng (V d g HOa s sa thnh Hoa).

Capitalize first letter of sentences: Nu c chn n s t ng nhn bit
du chm l du kt thc cu v sau khong trng k tip nu c mt t
th k t u tin ca t s c t ng chuyn thnh ch hoa.

Capitalize names of days: Nu c chn n s c tc dng l khi ta g
mt t l tn ngy trong tun (ting Anh) th k t u tin ca tn ngy
s c t ng chuyn thnh ch hoa (V d g monday s sa thnh
Monday).

Replace text as you type: Nu c chn th chc nng sa li t ng
mi c tc dng. Hay ni cch khc khi ty chn ny c bt ln th bng
Replace With trong hp thoi mi c tc dng.

Mt s ch khi nhp vn bn ting Vit l khi g vn bn ting Vit i khi ngi
s dng gp mt s hin tng sau lm cho vic son tho vn bn rt kh chu.
Chng hn nh g ch i th t ng bin thnh ch I, hoc g t c du i khi b
chn mt khong trng gia, hoc du sc v du m i khi khng ng v tr,
hoc nhiu t b gch di.

trnh nhng hin tng ny thc hin nh sau:

T thanh thc n, chn Tools | Options | th Edit.
Khng nh du chn mc Use smart cut & paste.
Nhp nt OK kt thc.
Tin hc I - 89 -
Hin tng khong trng thnh thong chn gia cc t c du ting Vit
s bin mt.

T thanh thc n, chn Tools | Options | th Spelling & Grammar.
Khng nh du chn mc Check spelling as you type.
Khng nh du chn mc Check grammar as you type.
Khng nh du chn mc Check grammar with spelling.
Nhp nt OK kt thc.

Hin tng mt s t b gch di s bin mt.

T thanh thc n, chn Tools | AutoCorrect.
Khng nh du chn mc Correct TWo INitial CApitals.
Chn mc i bin thnh I trong bng. Nhp nt Delete.
Nhp nt OK kt thc.

Hin tng du sc hoc du m thnh thong khng nm ng v tr s
bin mt. ng thi g ch i s khng t ng bin thnh ch I na.

Tin hc I - 90 -

CHNG 3

NH DNG V IN VN BN

1. NH DNG K T

Trnh by k t c bit

Trong qu trnh son tho vn bn i khi ta cn trnh by nhng k hiu nh >
Nhng k hiu ny gi chung l nhng k t c bit. Nhng k t
c bit ny do cc phng ch c bit to nn.

Chn k t c bit.
Di chuyn du chn n v tr cn chn k t c bit.
T thanh thc n, chn Insert | Symbol.
Hp thoi Symbol xut hin (Xem hnh 3.23).
Chn phng cha k t c bit (Symbol, Webdings, Wingdings, ).
Nhp k t c bit trong bng chn. Nhp nt Insert.
Nhp nt Close thot.

Hnh 3.23: Hp thoi Symbol vi th Symbols c chn sn.

Trnh by phng ch, c ch

Nguyn tc chung ca vic nh dng l chn phn vn bn mun nh dng (chn
mt k t, mt t, mt hay nhiu dng, mt on, ton vn bn hoc phn vn bn
ty ), sau thc hin cc thao tc nh dng. Nhng thao tc nh dng ny s
to cc tc ng nh dng ln phn vn bn chn trc .

Tin hc I - 91 -

nh dng phng ch, c ch.
Chn vn bn cn nh dng.
T thanh cng c, chn phng ch (V d nh Tahoma, VNI-Times, ).
T thanh cng c, chn c ch (V d nh 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, ).

Hnh 3.24: Chn phng ch.

Hnh 3.25: Chn c ch.

Trnh by ch m, ch nghing, ch gch di

Ta c th trnh by vn bn dng m, nghing, gch di hoc kt hp li nh
va m va gch di (v d kt hp), va nghing va gch di (v d kt hp).

Tin hc I - 92 -

nh dng m, nghing, gch di hoc kt hp.
T thanh cng c nhp nt lm m, nhp nt lm
nghing, nhp nt gch di.

Cc nh dng khc ln k t

Ngoi cc nh dng trn ta cn c th to cc nh dng kiu khc ln cc k t.
Chng hn nh:
H
2
O, ax
2
.
aaa bbb c cc cc c e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e

nh dng kiu khc ln k t.
T thanh thc n, chn Format | Font.
Hp thoi Font xut hin (Xem hnh 3.26).
Chn mu ch Font color.
Chn kiu gch di Underline style.
nh du cc kiu nh dng trong vng Effects.
Nhp nt OK kt thc.

Hnh 3.26: Hp thoi Font vi th Font c chn sn.

Tin hc I - 93 -

Gii thch cc kiu nh dng trong vng Effects.

Strikethrough Gch ngang gia vn bn bng nt n (aaa)
Double strikethrough Gch ngang gia vn bn bng nt i (aaa)
Superscript Nng vn bn ln trn v thu nh (aaa
bbb
)
Subscript H vn bn xung di v thu nh (aaa
bbb
)
Shadow To bng cho vn bn (a aa aa a)
Outline To vin cho vn bn ( )
Emboss To vn bn ni, vn bn mu trng, bng mu en (a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
)
Engrave To vn bn ni, vn bn mu trng, bng mu en (
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
)
Small caps Chuyn vn bn thnh ch in hoa c nh (AAA)
All caps Chuyn vn bn thnh ch in hoa c bnh thng (AAA)

Xc nh khong cch gia cc k t

Khong cch gia cc k t c th xc nh bng mc t l phn trm hoc bng
n v im (point - vit tt l pt).

nh khong cch gia cc k t.
Chn vn bn cn nh khong cch k t.
Hp thoi Font xut hin. Chn th Character Spacing (Xem hnh 3.27).
nh khong cch k t bng Scale, Spacing v By.
Nhp nt OK kt thc.

Gii thch cc ty chn.

Scale: Co gin ch theo chiu ngang. T l 100% co ch bnh thng
(aaa). T l ln hn 100% co ch mp ra (aaa). T l nh hn 100% co
ch m li (aaa).

Spacing: Khong cch gia cc k t. Normal l khong cch thng
(aaa), Expanded l khong cch tha (aaa) v Condensed l khong cch
nn (aaa). Khi dng Expanded hoc Condensed, c th ch ra s im
iu chnh khong cch k t thng qua By.

Xc nh v tr ca cc k t

Trn cng mt dng ta c th xc nh v tr ca cc k t l khc nhau (ging nh
trong H
2
O v x
2
vy).

nh v tr cc k t.
Chn vn bn cn nh v tr k t.
Hp thoi Font xut hin. Chn th Character Spacing (Xem hnh 3.28).
nh v tr k t bng Position v By.
Nhp nt OK kt thc.

Tin hc I - 94 -

Gii thch cc ty chn.

Position: Chnh v tr ca k t. Nornal l v tr bnh thng (aaabbb),
Raised l a k t ln trn (aaa
bbb
) v Lowered l a k t xung di
(aaa
bbb
).

Khi dng Raised hoc Lowered, c th ch ra s im iu chnh v tr
ln hoc xung ca k t thng qua By.

Hnh 3.27: Hp thoi Font vi th Character Spacing c chn.

Hnh 3.28: Hp thoi Font vi th Character Spacing c chn.

Tin hc I - 95 -

To phng ch mc nhin

Nu nh ta thng xuyn dng mt phng ch no son tho vn bn (v d
nh phng ch Times New Roman chng hn), ta c th n nh phng ch ny
thnh phng ch mc nhin, c ngha l mi khi bt u to mt vn bn mi th
phng ch ny sn sng s dng m khng cn phi thc hin thao tc chn
phng ch na.

n nh phng ch mc nhin.
T thc n lnh, chn Format | Font.
Hp thoi Font xut hin. Chn th Font (Xem hnh 3.29).
Chn phng ch (Font), kiu phng (Font style), c ch (Size).
Nhp nt Default Hp thoi xut hin yu cu xc nhn.
Nhp nt Yes kt thc.

Hnh 3.29: Hp thoi Font vi th Font c chn.

Tin hc I - 96 -

Sao chp nh dng k t

Gi s ta c hai phn vn bn trong c mt phn vn bn c nh dng k
t v mt phn vn bn cha c nh dng. Ta mun nh dng phn vn bn
cn li ging nh phn vn bn c nh dng, ta c th thc hin sao chp
nh dng k t. Cn phn bit sao chp nh dng vi sao chp vn bn.

Sao chp nh dng k t.
Chn phn vn bn nh dng.
T thanh cng c, nhp nt Format Painter .
Khi du chn bin thnh chi c.
a chi c n phn vn bn mun nh dng, chn phn vn bn ny.

Xa nh dng k t

i khi ta cn xa kiu nh dng k t cho phn vn bn no a n tr v
dng trnh by ban u nh cha h nh dng.

Xa nh dng k t.
Chn phn vn bn nh dng.
n t hp phm Ctrl-Spacebar.

2. NH DNG ON

Hin th v tt du ngt on

Khi g mt on vn bn, ta phi kt thc on vn bn bng cch n phm Enter.
Nh vy phm Enter kt thc on vn bn v ngn cch cc on vn bn vi nhau,
nn cn c gi l du ngt on. Khi ta n phm Enter ngt on th du chn
nhy xung dng k tip v ta khng thy c k t Enter.

thy c k t Enter, t thanh cng c nhp nt Show/Hide . Vn bn
hin ra di dng nh sau (Xem hnh 3.30):

Hnh 3.30: Vn bn hin th k t khong trng (.), k t du ngt on ().

tt i vic hin th k t Enter (du ngt on), t thanh cng c ta nhp nt
Show/Hide ln na. Nu khng tm thy nt ny trn thanh cng c, hy nhp
nt More Buttons xut hin nt cn thit (Xem hnh 3.31).

Tin hc I - 97 -

Hnh 3.31: Nt More Buttons

Canh dng trong on

Ta c th canh cc dng trong mt on vn bn thng hng theo nhiu kiu khc
nhau, canh thng hng bn tri, canh thng hng bn phi, canh thng hng c hai
bn hoc canh nm gia dng. Xem cc minh ha sau.

Canh thng hng bn tri.

Vit Nam phi i mt vi mt lot cc vn c lin quan
n hin i ha, v cc vn ny ang ngy cng lan
rng nhanh hn so vi d kin. Chng hn nh tnh trng
i ngho nng thn v khu th, s di dn t nng
thn ra thnh th.

Canh thng hng bn phi.

thn ra thnh th.

Canh thng hng hai bn.

thn ra thnh th.

Canh nm gia dng.

thn ra thnh th.

Tin hc I - 98 -

Canh dng trong on.
Chn on vn bn mun canh dng.
T thanh cng c, nhp nt canh thng hng bn tri, nhp nt
canh thng hng bn tri, canh thng hng hai bn, v
nhp nt canh nm gia dng.

Canh l tri cho on

Khi g vo mt on vn bn, nhn thc ta bit c l tri v l phi ca on
nh cc nt hnh tam gic (Xem hnh 3.32).

Hnh 3.32: L tri v l phi ca on.

Ta c th di l tri ca on bng cc nt trn thanh cng c.

Chn on vn bn mun di l.
T thanh cng c, nhp nt Increase Indent s di l tri ca on
qua bn phi mt Tab (1,27cm). Tc l ton b on vn bn s di chuyn
qua phi mt Tab.
T thanh cng c, nhp nt Decrease Indent s di l tri ca on
qua bn tri mt Tab (1,27cm). Tc l ton b on vn bn s di chuyn
qua tri mt Tab.

Khi di l ta thy cc nt hnh tam gic trn thc di chuyn theo phn
nh v tr mi ca l tri on vn bn.

Canh l tri v l phi cho on bng cch dng thc

Khi quan st ca s Word thc c th xut hin hoc khng xut hin. Nu thc
khng xut hin, t thanh thc n chn View | Ruler, thc s xut hin.

Tng t, nu khng thy thanh cng c xut hin, t thanh thc n chn nh sau
lm xut hin thanh cng c:
Chn View | Toolbars | nh du Standard.
Chn View | Toolbars | nh du Formatting.

Tin hc I - 99 -

Ta c th dng thc canh l tri v l phi ca mt on vn bn. Cc mu hnh
tam gic trn thc biu th cho l tri v l phi ca on vn bn.

canh l on vn bn ta thc hin:
Chn on vn bn mun canh l.
Di chuyn cc mu tam gic l tri v l phi (Xem hnh 3.33).

Hnh 3.33: Dng thc canh l tri v l phi on vn bn.

Trn thc, l phi l mt mu tam gic di, khi ko nt ny l phi ca on vn
bn c chn di chuyn theo.

Cn l tri trn thc bao gm mt mu tam gic trn, mt mu tam gic di v
mt mu ch nht nm pha di mu tam gic di.
Nu ko mu tam gic trn, ch l tri ca dng du on di chuyn.
Nu ko mu tam gic di, l tri cc dng di ca on di chuyn.
Nu ko mu ch nht, l tri ca nguyn on di chuyn.

Hnh 3.34: Dng thc canh l tri v l phi on vn bn.

Dng thc n nh dng cho on vn bn

Ta c th dng thc n nh dng cho on.
Chn on vn bn cn nh dng.
T thanh thc n, chn Format | Paragraph.
Tin hc I - 100 -

Hp thoi Paragraph xut hin (Xem hnh 3.35).
Dng cc ty chn trong hp thoi nh dng on.
Nhp nt OK kt thc.

Hnh 3.35: Hp thoi Paragraph vi th Indents and Spacing c chn sn.

Mun canh dng trong on vn bn, t hp thoi dng Alignment vi cc ty chn:
Left: Canh thng hng bn tri cc dng trong on.
Right: Canh thng hng bn phi cc dng trong on.
Justified: Canh thng hng hai bn cc dng trong on.
Centered: Canh nm gia dng.

Mun n nh khong cch gia cc dng trong on vn bn, t hp thoi dng
Line spacing vi cc ty chn:
Single: Khong cch gia cc dng bnh thng.
1.5 lines: Khong cch gia cc dng gin ra 1.5 dng.
Double: Khong cch gia cc dng gin ra 2 dng.

Mun n nh khong cch gia cc on vn bn vi nhau, t hp thoi dng
Spacing vi cc ty chn:
Before: Khong cch so vi on vn bn nm trn (tnh theo im pt).
After: Khong cch so vi on vn bn nm di (tnh theo im pt).
Ni nm na l before v after n nh khong cch bao quanh on.

Mun n nh cc l tri v l phi ca on vn bn, t hp thoi dng Identation
vi cc ty chn:
Left: n nh khong cch ca l tri (n v dng l cm hoc inch).
Tin hc I - 101 -

Right: n nh khong cch ca l phi (n v dng l cm hoc inch).
Special - none: Dng u tin nh cc dng khc trong on.
Special - First line - By: n nh khong cch tht vo ca dng u tin.
Special - Hanging - By: n nh khong cch a ra ca dng u tin.

Ch v n v o lng c Word s dng trong cc thao tc nh dng. Word
cho php dng n v cm hoc inch. i vi ngi Vit ta dng n v cm s cm
thy thun tin cho vic n nh khong cch hn.

dng n v cm, thc hin nh sau:
T thanh thc n, chn Tools | Options.
Hp thoi Options xut hin. Chn th General (Xem hnh 3.36).
T Measurements, chn n v Centimeters.
Nhp nt OK kt thc.

Hnh 3.36: Hp thoi Options vi th General c chn.

nh dng k t bt u on

Ta c th trang tr on vn bn bng cch lm cho k t bt u ca on xut
hin n tng hn. Vic ny gi l nh dng k t bt u on. Xem v d sau.

V
it Nam phi i mt vi mt lot cc vn c lin
quan n hin i ha, v cc vn ny ang ngy
cng lan rng nhanh hn so vi d kin. Chng hn nh tnh
trng i ngho nng thn v khu th, s di dn t
nng thn ra thnh th.
Tin hc I - 102 -

nh dng k t bt u on.
Chn on vn bn cn nh dng.
T thanh thc n, chn Format | Drop Cap.
Hp thoi Drop Cap xut hin (Xem hnh 3.37). Chn Dropped.
n nh 2 trong Lines to drop v 0,1 cm trong Distance from text.
Nhp nt OK kt thc.

Khi k t u ca on vn bn s tng kch thc chim 2 dng vn bn, v
khong cch gia n vi cc dng vn bn chung quanh l 0,1 cm. Ngoi ra ta cng
c th chn In Margin, k t u ca on vn bn s xut hin nh hnh v minh
ha trong hp thoi.

Hnh 3.37: Hp thoi Dropcap.

Trang tr on

Ngoi vic nh dng k t u ca on, ta cn c th trang tr on nh to
ng vin bc on vn bn hoc to mu nn cho on vn bn. Xem v d sau.

thn ra thnh th.

To ng vin cho on.
Chn on vn bn cn to ng vin.
T thanh thc n, chn Format | Borders and Shading.
Hp thoi Borders and Shading xut hin (Xem hnh 3.38).
Bo m th Borders c chn.
Nhp nt ng vi Box trong phn Setting.
Chn kiu nt ca ng vin trong phn Style.
Nhp nt OK kt thc.
Tin hc I - 103 -

Hnh 3.38: Hp thoi Borders and Shading vi th Borders c chn sn.

Trong phn Setting, ngoi nt ng vi Box cn c cc nt ng vi Shadow (to
ng vin c nh bng) v 3-D (to ng vin kiu ni 3 chiu). Ta c chn ty
kiu ng vin cho on vn bn l Box, Shadow hoc 3-D. Cn kiu nt ca
ng vin l nt lin tc, nt gin on, nt n hay nt i, th c chn
trong Style. V dy ca ng vin c th c n nh trong Width. Cui
cng, mu sc ca ng vin c th n nh nh Color. Trong phn Preview ta c
th thy trc hnh dng ca on khi c nh dng.

To mu nn cho on vn bn.
Chn on vn bn cn to mu nn.
T thanh thc n, chn Format | Borders and Shading.
Chn th Shading. Chn mu trong vng Fill.
Nu khng c mu ng trong vng Fill, nhp nt More Colors.
Nhp nt OK kt thc.

3. NH DNG DANH SCH CC MC

Th no l mt danh sch cc mc? Sau y l mt danh sch cc mc (hay cn gi
tt l danh sch).

Mc 1
Mc 2
Mc 3

Mi mc thc cht l mt on vn bn. V nh vy cc on phi c kt thc
bng phm Enter. on ny c th gm mt dng hoc nhiu dng.
Tin hc I - 104 -

Hnh 3.39: Hp thoi Borders and Shading vi th Shading c chn.

nh dng danh sch

C th nh dng cc mc trong danh sch bng cc nt thanh cng c nh sau:
Chn danh sch (gm cc on) cn nh dng.
T thanh cng c, nhp nt Bullets hoc nt Numbering .

Vi nt Bullets th ngay u mi mc trong danh sch s c chn mt
k t c bit. Cn vi nt Numbering th ngay u mi mc trong danh
sch s c nh s th t.

Dng thc n nh dng danh sch

Nu dng thc n nh dng cc mc trong danh sch th c th c nhiu la
chn nh dng hn.
Chn danh sch (gm cc on) cn nh dng.
T thanh thc n, chn Format | Bullets and Numbering.
Hp thoi Bullets and Numbering xut hin (Xem hnh 3.40).
Nu mun nh du cc mc, chn th Bulleted.
Nu mun nh s cc mc, chn th Numbered.
Chn kiu nh du mc hay nh s mc mong mun.
Nhp nt OK kt thc.

Khi nh du cc mc vi th Bulleted, ta c th nh dng chi tit hn bng cch
nhp nt Customize sau khi chn kiu nh du mc (Xem hnh 3.41). Trong hp
thoi Customize Bulleted List, ta c th dng cc ty chn sau y:
Nhp nt Bullet chn k t dng nh du.
n nh l tri ca k t nh du mc nh Indent at ca Bullet position.
Tin hc I - 105 -

n nh l tri cc mc trong danh sch nh Indent at ca Text position.
Nhp nt OK kt thc.

Hnh 3.40: Hp thoi Bullets and Numbering vi th Bulleted c chn sn.

Hnh 3.41: Hp thoi Customize Bulleted List.

Tng t, khi nh s th t cc mc vi th Numbered, ta c th nh dng chi tit
hn bng cch nhp nt Customize sau khi chn kiu nh s mc (Xem hnh 3.42).
Trong hp thoi Customize Numbered List, ta c th dng cc ty chn sau y:

Dng Number format chn cch th hin s th t. Chng hn nh 1.
hay 1- hay 1). Ch khng c xa s th t khi to dng, ch c xa
du . hay du hay du ) m thi.

Dng Number style chn kiu nh s th t. Chng hn nh 1, 2, 3,
hay I, II, III, hay a, b, c, hay A, B, C,

Tin hc I - 106 -

Dng Start at n nh cc mc trong danh sch c nh th t bt
u t s my (nu nh th t theo kiu s 1, 2, 3, ), hoc bt u t
ch no (nu nh th t theo kiu ch a, b, c, ).

Cn v tr l tri ca s th t cng nh cc mc trong danh sch c th
c n nh nh Aligned at ca vng Number position, v Indent at
ca vng Text position.

Nhp nt OK kt thc.

Hnh 3.42: Hp thoi Customize Numbered List.

T ng nh dng danh sch

Khi ta g du gch (-) hay du sao (*) km theo mt khong trng, ri g ni dung
ca mt on, sau n Enter kt thc on, xung dng v to on mi th
cc on s c t ng trnh by theo kiu danh sch cc mc. Xem v d sau.

- on 1.
- on 2.

Tng t, khi ta g s hay ch km theo du gch ngang hay du ng ngoc n,
v d nh 1- 1) a- a) I- I) , km theo mt khong trng, ri g ni dung ca mt
on, sau n Enter kt thc on, xung dng v to on mi th cc on
s c t ng trnh by theo kiu danh sch nh s th t. Xem v d sau.

a) on 1.
b) on 2.

Chc nng t ng nh dng danh sch nh th ny i khi thun tin nhng i
khi cng bt tin. Nu thy bt tin, ta c th b chc nng t ng ny nh sau:
T thanh thc n, chn Tools | AutoCorrect.
Hp thoi AutoCorrect xut hin (Xem hnh 3.43).
Chn th AutoFormat As You Type.
Khng nh du hai mc Automatic bulleted lists v Automatic numbered
lists. Nhp nt OK kt thc.
Tin hc I - 107 -

Hnh 3.43: Hp thoi AutoCorrect vi th AutoFormat As You Type c chn.

Thay i nh dng danh sch

Mt danh sch cc mc sau khi c nh dng, ta vn c th thay i nh dng
cho n. thay i ta thc hin:
Chn danh sch cc mc mun thay i nh dng.
T thanh thc n, chn Format | Bullets and Numbering.
Hp thoi Bullets and Numbering xut hin.
Chn th Bulleted hoc Numbered.
Chn kiu nh du mc hoc nh s th t mc mong mun.
Nhp nt Customize nu mun nh dng chi tit hn.
Nhp nt OK kt thc.

4. S DNG TAB

Phm Tab

Phm Tab nm pha trn phm Capls Lock trn bn phm. thy c chc nng
phm Tab ta coi v d sau. Chng hn, ta mun trnh by vn bn dng:

Mc 1 Mc a Mc i
Mc 2 Mc b Mc ii

canh thng hng cc ct vn bn vi nhau ta khng nn dng phm khong trng
(phm spacebar) m nn dng phm Tab. Mi khi n phm Tab, du chn s di
chuyn n Tab k tip. d hnh dung ta tng tng chiu di ca thc c
Tin hc I - 108 -

chia thnh cc khong bng nhau, mi khong c di l mt Tab (mc nh mt
Tab = 1.27 cm) c nh du bng mt vch ng. Mi khi n phm Tab th du
chn s di chuyn n vch Tab nm k trc n.

| | | | | | | | | | | | |

x |

(V d v tr du chn l x, n phm Tab, du chn s nhy n v tr Tab l |)

Nh vy nh on vn bn trn ta nn g l Mc 1 - n 2 phm Tab - Mc a - n
2 phm Tab - Mc i - n Enter. G tng t cho hai dng cn li.

thy c tc dng Tab, t thanh cng c nhp nt Show/Hide . Khi
trong vn bn s hin k t th hin k t Tab. C mi ln g phm Tab th thy
mt mi tn. Mun tt s th hin ny, nhn nt Show/Hide ln na.

Thng thng Word n nh khong cch gia hai du Tab l 1,27 cm (m ta
thng ni mt Tab l 1,27 cm). Ta cng c th n nh li khong cch ny theo
mnh. Thc hin nh sau:
T thanh thc n, chn Format | Tabs.
Hp thoi Tabs xut hin (Xem hnh 3.44).
n nh khong cch gia cc Tab trong Default tab stops.
Nhp nt OK kt thc.

Hnh 3.44: Hp thoi Tabs.

n nh Tab trn thc

Pha tri tn cng ca thc c mt hnh vung gi l nt Tab. Nh nt ny ta c th
n nh cc loi Tab khc nhau trn thc o. C bn loi Tab l Tab tri, Tab gia,
Tab phi v Tab thp phn. Mi ln nhp vo nt Tab l thay i loi Tab (Xem hnh
3.45).
Tin hc I - 109 -

Hnh 3.45: Cc loi Tab gm Tab tri, Tab gia, Tab phi v Tab thp phn.

hiu c ti sao cn phi n nh Tab trn thc, gi s ta cn g vn bn nh
sau, mc a v mc b c l tri ti v tr 4 trn thc, cn mc 1 v mc 2 c l tri
ti 9,5 trn thc (Xem hnh 3.46).

Hnh 3.46: G vn bn theo ct.

lm vic ny, ta thc hin nh sau:
Gi s du chn v tr bt u mt on mi.
Nhp nt Tab trn thc, bo m n l Tab tri.
a du chn n v tr 4 trn thc, nhp chut t Tab tri ti 4.
a du chn n v tr 9,5 trn thc, nhp chut t Tab tri ti 9,5.
n phm Tab, du chn s di chuyn n Tab tri (4).
G vn bn (v d Mc a).
n phm Tab, du chn s di chuyn n Tab tri (9,5).
G vn bn (v d Mc 1).
n Enter xung dng (ch cc Tab n nh vn cn tc dng).

S khc bit gia cc loi Tab nh sau.

Nu ta n nh Tab tri trn thc, khi g phm Tab du chn s di chuyn
n v tr Tab ny, v sau g vn bn th l tri vn bn thng hng vi
v tr du Tab v vn bn c th xut hin dn qua bn phi.

Nu ta n nh Tab phi trn thc, khi g phm Tab du chn s di
chuyn n v tr Tab ny, v sau g vn bn th l phi vn bn thng
hng vi v tr du Tab v vn bn c th xut hin dn qua bn tri.

Nu ta n nh Tab gia trn thc, khi g phm Tab du chn s di
chuyn n v tr Tab ny, v sau g vn bn th l phi v l tri vn
bn gin ra hai bn sao cho vn bn lun nm gia v tr Tab trn thc.

Tin hc I - 110 -

Cn Tab thp phn dng cho vic g vo d liu s. Khi ta n nh Tab
thp phn trn thc, khi g phm Tab du chn s di chuyn n v tr
Tab ny, v sau g s c du phy thp phn th du phy lun nm
ng thng hng vi v tr Tab trn thc.

Hnh 3.47: So snh Tab tri, Tab phi v Tab gia.

Hnh 3.48: n nh Tab thp phn.

Thay i, g b cc n nh Tab trn thc

Sau khi n nh mt loi Tab no trn thc, ta vn c th thay i loi Tab
hoc g b Tab.

g b mt n nh Tab trn thc, tr chut n du Tab trn thc,
nhp chut v ko vo vng ca s vn bn ri th ra. Khi tc dng
ca loi Tab trc i vi vn bn ti v tr Tab s khng cn tc dng.

thay i loi ca mt Tab c n nh trn thc, tr chut n
du Tab trn thc v nhp i chut. Ca s Tab xut hin (Xem hnh
3.49), chn loi Tab mun thay i trong vng Alignment, v nhp nt OK
kt thc. Khi tc dng ca loi Tab mi s tc ng ln vn bn ti
v tr Tab.

Tin hc I - 111 -

Hnh 3.49: Thay i loi Tab.

n nh Tab trn thc bng thc n

Ngoi vic n nh Tab trn thc bng vic nhp chut, ta c th n nh Tab trn
thc cc v tr chnh xc hn bng cch dng thc n nh sau:
Tab stop position vo s xc nh v tr Tab trn thc .
Chn loi Tab vng Alignment.
Nhp nt Set n nh Tab trn thc.
Nhp nt OK kt thc.

Hnh 3.50: n nh Tab bng thc n.

Tin hc I - 112 -

Xa n nh Tab trn thc bng thc n

C th xa mt n nh Tab trn thc bng thc n nh sau:
khung Tab stop position, chn s xc nh v tr Tab mun xa .
Nhp nt Clear xa Tab trn thc.
Nhp nt OK kt thc.

Hnh 3.51: Xa n nh Tab bng thc n.

Chn cch th hin Tab

c th hiu c phn ny, gi s ta cn nh on vn bn sau:

H v tn: ......................................................................
a ch: ..........................................................................

Ta mun sau khi nh H v tn: v n phm Tab s to ra dng gm cc du chm.
Tng t dng k, sau khi nh a ch: v n phm Tab cng s to ra dng gm
cc du chm, v hai dng du chm ny c canh thng hng cui.

thc hin vic ny ta lm nh sau:
Tab stop position, vo s xc nh v tr cui dng du chm.
Trong vng Alignment, chn Left.
Trong vng Leader, chn mc 2 (du chm).
Nhp nt Set n nh Tab trn thc.
Nhp nt OK kt thc.

Tin hc I - 113 -

Cc ty chn vng Leader cho php chn cch th hin Tab. Trong vng ny, chn
mc 1 None c ngha l khi n Tab, du chn di chuyn n v tr n nh Tab v s
to ra khong trng khi di chuyn. Cn chn mc 2, 3 v 4 c ngha l khi n Tab,
du chn di chuyn n v tr n nh Tab v s to ra cc du chm hoc du gch
khi di chuyn.

Hnh 3.52: Th hin khong cch Tab bng du chm.

5. TO I TNG CHA VN BN

Thanh cng c Drawing

to i tng cha vn bn ta cn dng n thanh cng c Drawing (Xem hnh
3.53).

Hnh 3.53: Thanh cng c Drawing.

Nu cha thy thanh cng c Drawing xut hin, cn lm n xut hin. T thanh
thc n, chn View | Toolbars | Drawing.

i tng cha vn bn l g?

Coi hnh sau:

Hnh elip cha vn bn

c im hnh:
Hnh elip c xem l mt i tng.
Trong i tng ny ta c th nh vn bn cha bn trong.
Thay v hnh elip, ta c th c hnh vung, hnh ch nht, hnh trn,
Tin hc I - 114 -

Gi chung l cc i tng c th cha vn bn bn trong.

Khung cha vn bn

To khung cha vn bn.
T thanh cng c Drawing, nhp chn nt Text Box .
Hnh dng du chn bin thnh hnh ch thp (du cng ln).
a du chn ch thp n v tr mun v khung.
Nhp gi v ko chut lm xut hin khung.
Du chn xut hin bn trong khung.
G ni dung vn bn bn trong khung. Nu g qu nhiu, ni dung vn
bn s b khung che khut khng thy c, sau ny c th chnh kch
thc khung ln hn thy ton b ni dung vn bn. G xong, nhp
chut ngoi khung kt thc.

V d khung cha vn bn. Khung cha vn bn cng l mt i tng cha vn
bn.

Ni dung vn bn c cha trong khung

Chnh kch thc khung cha vn bn.
a du chn n ng vin khung.
Du chn bin thnh ch thp c mi tn, nhp chut chn khung.
Xut hin tm chu trn ng vin khung.
a du chn n cc chu ny, nhp gi v ko chut chnh kch
thc khung (Xem hnh 3.54).

Hnh 3.54: Chnh kch thc khung cha vn bn.

Sa ni dung vn bn trong khung.
a du chn vo bn trong khung, nhp chut.
Du chn xut hin bn trong khung.
Sa vn bn trong khung, sa xong nhp chut bn ngoi khung.

Trang tr khung.
T thanh cng c Drawing, nhp nt Line Style hoc Dash Style chn
kiu vin khung, nhp nt Shadow hoc 3-D nh bng khung hoc
hin khung dng ni 3 chiu.

Nt Line Style - Nt Dash Style - Nt Shadow - Nt 3-D

Tin hc I - 115 -

V d khung cha vn bn c nh bng.

Ni dung vn bn c cha trong khung

Di chuyn khung cha vn bn.
Khi nhp chut chn khung, gi v ko chut a khung n v tr mi.

i tng cha vn bn

Ta c th to cc i tng cha vn bn nh hnh elip, hnh trn, hnh vung c
cha vn bn nh khung cha vn bn. Nguyn tc to, chnh sa, trang tr cc i
tng cha vn bn u ging nhau. Ta minh ha y ch mt i tng l hnh
elip cha vn bn.

To elip cha vn bn.
T thanh cng c Drawing, nhp chn nt Oval .
Hnh dng du chn bin thnh hnh ch thp (du cng ln).
a du chn ch thp n v tr mun v hnh elip.
Nhp gi v ko chut lm xut hin hnh elip.
a du chn vo bn trong hnh elip, nhp chut phi hin thc n
i tng. T thc n i tng, chn Add Text.
Du chn xut hin bn trong hnh elip. G ni dung vn bn bn trong
hnh elip. G xong, nhp chut ngoi hnh elip kt thc.

C khi hnh elip nh nhng vn bn cha bn trong elip li nhiu nn khung elip c
th che khut mt phn vn bn. thy c ton b vn bn bn trong elip, cn
chnh li kch thc khung elip.

Chnh kch thc elip cha vn bn.
a du chn n ng vin elip.
Du chn bin thnh ch thp c mi tn, nhp chut chn elip.
Xut hin tm chu trn ng vin elip.
a du chn n cc chu ny, nhp gi v ko chut chnh kch
thc elip (Xem hnh 3.55).

Hnh 3.55: Chnh kch thc elip cha vn bn.

Tin hc I - 116 -

Sa ni dung vn bn trong elip.
a du chn vo bn trong elip, nhp chut.
Du chn xut hin bn trong elip.
Sa vn bn trong elip, sa xong nhp chut bn ngoi elip.

Trang tr elip.
T thanh cng c Drawing, nhp nt Line Style hoc Dash Style chn
kiu vin elip, nhp nt Shadow hoc 3-D nh bng elip hoc hin elip
dng ni 3 chiu.

Nt Line Style - Nt Dash Style - Nt Shadow - Nt 3-D

Di chuyn elip cha vn bn.
Khi nhp chut chn elip, gi v ko chut a elip n v tr mi.

V d elip cha vn bn c trang tr ng vin.

Ni dung vn bn trong elip

T mu elip.
T thanh cng c Drawing, nhp nt Fill Color chn mu t nn bn
trong elip, nhp nt Line Color chn mu t ng vin elip, nhp nt
Font Color chn mu t ch phn vn bn bn trong elip.

Nt Fill Color - Nt Line Color - Nt Font Color

Cc loi i tng cha vn bn

Trn thanh cng c Drawing, ta thy c ba nt l Rectangle, Oval v Text Box. Nt
Rectangle cho php to hnh vung hay hnh ch nht cha vn bn. Nt Oval cho
php to hnh trn hay hnh elip cha vn bn. Nt Text Box cho php to khung
cha vn bn.

Nt rectangle - Nt Oval - Nt Text Box

Ngoi ra ta c th to nhiu loi i tng khc c th cha vn bn bn trong.
Tin hc I - 117 -

T thanh cng c Drawing, chn AutoShapes.
C th chn Basic Shapes, hoc Stars and Banners, hoc Callouts.
Vi Basic Shapes, c th to cc i tng nh hnh thoi, hnh bnh hnh,
hnh tam gic, hnh khi c cha vn bn.
Vi Stars and Banners, c th to cc i tng nh hnh ngi sao, hnh
bng rn c cha vn bn.
Vi Callouts c th to cc i tng nh hnh ch nht ghi ch, hnh elip
ghi ch c cha vn bn.

V d hnh ch nht ghi ch c cha vn bn.

Ni dung vn bn
nm y

6. TRNH BY TRANG IN

Chn kh giy, hng giy

Trc khi to hoc in mt vn bn, ta cn xc nh kh giy s dng. Hai kh giy
thng dng l:
Kh giy Letter: Rng 21,59 cm v di 27,94 cm.
Kh giy A4: Rng 21 cm v di 29,7 cm.

Chn kh giy.
T thanh thc n, chn File | Page Setup.
Hp thoi Page Setup xut hin (Xem hnh 3.56).
Chn th Paper Size.
Chn kh giy trong Paper size.
Nhp nt OK kt thc.

Hnh 3.56: Hp thoi Page Setup vi th Paper Size c chn.

Tin hc I - 118 -

Sau khi chn kh giy, ta chn hng giy thng ng hoc nm ngang. Thng
thng hng giy thng ng l mc nhin. Tuy nhin khi cn in theo kiu giy
nm ngang ta cn chn hng giy nm ngang.

Trong hp thoi Page Setup vi th Paper Size c chn, ta chn hng giy trong
vng Orientation.
Chn Portrait cho hng giy thng ng.
Chn Landscape cho hng giy nm ngang.

nh l cho trang in

Ty theo loi ti liu vn bn, ta cn n nh khong cch l cho trang in sao cho
trang in c trnh by cn i v p mt. Cc khong cch l cn n nh bao
gm l trn, l di, l tri, l phi, l trn tiu u trang v l di tiu cui
trang.

L trn
L tri
L trn tiu u trang
L
phi

Tin hc I - 119 -

nh khong cch l trang in.
Hp thoi Page Setup xut hin (Xem hnh 3.57).
Chn th Margins.
Dng Top n nh khong cch l trn.
Dng Bottom n nh khong cch l di.
Dng Left n nh khong cch l tri.
Dng Right n nh khong cch l phi.
Dng Header n nh khong cch l trn tiu u trang.
Dng Footer n nh khong cch l di tiu cui trang.
Dng Gutter n nh khong cch dng ng gy tp ti liu.
Nhp nt OK kt thc.

Hnh 3.57: Hp thoi Page Setup vi th Margins c chn.

Xem trc khi in

Sau khi n nh l cho trang in ta c th xem qua trn my tnh phc ha trang in
trc khi cho in thc s vn bn ra my in. Thao tc ny gi l xem trc khi in.
Vic xem trc khi in rt c ch li, n gip ta hnh dung c din mo trang in ra
sao trc khi quyt nh cho in ra giy. Nu khi xem cm thy trang in cha ph hp
lm, ta c th iu chnh vic canh l li.

Xem trc khi in.
T thanh cng c, nhp nt Print Preview
Hoc t thanh thc n, chn File | Print Preview.
Mn hnh Word s chuyn qua ch Preview xem phc ha trang in.
Xem xong, nhp nt Close trn thanh thc n v li ch son tho.

To tiu trang v nh s trang
Tin hc I - 120 -

Tiu trang l tiu c in u hoc cui mi trang. Nh vy c hai loi
tiu trang l tiu u trang (header) v tiu cui trang (footer).

To tiu trang.
T thanh thc n, chn View | Header and Footer.
Thanh cng c Header and Footer xut hin (Xem hnh 3.59).
Du chn c nh v trong Header.
G vo tiu u trang.
Khi to xong tiu , nhp nt Close thot.

Nu mun nh s trang tiu , t thanh cng c Header and Footer nhp nt
Insert Page Number a vo s trang. S trang s c t ng nh s khi qua
mi trang.

Nu mun to tiu cui trang, t thanh cng c Header and Footer nhp nt
Switch Between Header and Footer. Khi du chn ang Header (tiu u
trang) s c chuyn n xut hin trong Footer (tiu cui trang).

Hnh 3.58: Xem phc ha trang in ch Preview.

Hnh 3.59: Thanh cng c Header and Footer.

Tin hc I - 121 -

Hiu chnh tiu trang (header, footer)

Sau khi to tiu trang, ta c th thay i ni dung tiu trang hoc nh dng
tiu trang, gi chung l hiu chnh tiu trang.

Hiu chnh tiu trang.
T thanh thc n, chn View | Header and Footer.
Thanh cng c Header and Footer xut hin (Xem hnh 3.59).
Du chn c nh v trong Header.
Hiu chnh tiu u trang.
Mun chuyn n tiu cui trang, nhp nt Switch Between
Khi hiu chnh xong tiu , nhp nt Close thot.

Mt hiu chnh thng gp i vi tiu trang l mun nh s trang bt u t
mt s no ch khng phi bt u t 1, v tiu trang xut hin t trang th
hai tr i m thi.

Chnh s trang bt u.
Nhp nt Format Page Number trong thanh cng c Header and Footer.
Hp thoi Page Number Format xut hin (Xem hnh 3.60).
in s trang bt u vo Start at vng Page numbering.
Nhp nt OK kt thc.

Hnh 3.60: Hp thoi Format Page Number.

Tin hc I - 122 -

n nh tiu trang khng xut hin trang u tin.
Hp thoi Page Setup xut hin.
Chn th Layout (Xem hnh 3.61).
Trong vng Headers and footers, chn Different first page.
Nhp nt OK kt thc.

Hnh 3.61: Hp thoi Page Setup vi th Layout c chn.

In vn bn

Sau khi hon tt vic son tho vn bn v nh dng trang in, ta c th tin hnh in
vn bn ra giy.

In vn bn my in.
T thanh thc n, chn File | Print.
Hp thoi Print xut hin (Xem hnh 3.62).
Tin hc I - 123 -

Nu mun in nhiu bn, ch ra trong Number of copies.
Nu mun in tt c cc trang, chn All trong vng Page range.
Nu mun in trang hin thi, chn Current page trong vng Page range.
Nu mun in mt s trang, n nh Pages trong vng Page range.
Nhp nt OK kt thc.

Trang hin thi l trang cha du chn. Cn nu mun in chng hn t trang 1 n
trang 20, m t 1-20 trong Pages vng Page range. Trng hp mun in trang 3
ri nhy n trang 5, ri lin tc t trang 15 n 20 th trong Pages ta m t
3,5,15-20.

Trng hp my tnh c th iu khin nhiu my in khc nhau (v d nh my tnh
trong mng) th trc khi in cn phi chn my in c th trong danh sch cc my in
Name ca vng Printer.

Ngoi ra cng c th in vn bn ra my in m khng qua thc n bng cch nhp
nt Print t thanh cng c. Khi s in tt c cc trang ca vn bn trong ca
s Word hin hnh.

Hnh 3.62: Hp thoi Print.

Tin hc I - 124 -

Tin hc I - 125-
CHNG 4

NH CT, LP BNG BIU
HA, BIU V TRN TH

1. NH CT TRONG VN BN

Thng thng khi mi to vn bn th trang vn bn c xem l dng gm ch mt
ct ch. Word cho php ta nh dng vn bn c hnh thc nhiu ct ch ging nh
cc trang vn bn thng thy trong cc bo v tp ch.

V d vn bn dng hai ct ch:

Nhu cu nng cao nng lc ph
thuc vo trnh nng lc hin c v
trnh nng lc cn c trong tng lai.

Xt v mt tm l th nhu cu l
trng thi tm l phn nh s thiu
thn, s cn thit v mt ci g i
vi s tn ti v pht trin ca c nhn.

Xt v mt hnh ng th nhu cu
l ci kch thch v nh hng hnh vi,
hot ng ca con ngi.

Xt v mt khc, th nhu cu l
khong cch, l s chnh lch gia ci
hin c vi ci cn c, gia ci ang c
v ci s c trong tng lai.

Trn c s cc khi nim nh vy,
nhu cu nng cao nng lc c xc
nh mt cch khi qut nh sau:

Nhu cu nng cao nng lc l s
cn thit c thc v vic phi rt
ngn khong cch gia kh nng hin
c vi kh nng s c thc hin c
hiu qu nhng vai tr, chc nng v
nhim v nht nh.

To ct ch n gin

C hai cch to ct ch n gin:

nh dng ct trc, sau nhp vn bn, vn bn s c hin th theo
hnh thc ct nh dng.

Nhp vn bn trc, chn vn bn ny v sau nh dng ct cho phn
vn bn chn.

Chn vn bn v nh dng thnh hai ct.
Chn phn vn bn mun nh dng ct.
T thanh thc n, chn Format | Columns.
Hp thoi Columns xut hin (Xem hnh 3.63).
Trong vng Presets, chn Two (chia hai ct c rng bng nhau).
Chn Line between c ng thng phn chia hai ct.
Nhp nt OK kt thc.

Tin hc I - 126-
Hnh 3.63: Hp thoi Columns.

Cc ty chn trong hp thoi Columns.

Trong vng Presets, mun nh dng vn bn thnh hai hoc ba ct c
rng bng nhau th chn One hoc Two, mun nh dng vn bn thnh
hai c rng khc nhau th chn Left hoc Right.

Khi nh dng vn bn thnh nhiu ct, mun c mt ng thng xut
hin phn chia cc ct th chn Line between.

Trong trng hp mun nh dng vn bn thnh nhiu ct, hn ba ct
vi cc ct c rng bng nhau hay hn hai ct vi cc ct c rng
khc nhau, nh s ct mun chia Number of columns.

Trong vng Width and spacing, chn hoc khng chn Equal column width
cho php chnh ct c rng bng nhau hoc khc nhau. iu chnh s
trong Width cho php iu chnh rng ct cn iu chnh s trong
Spacing cho php iu chnh khong cch gia cc ct.

Chn im ngt ct

Vic chn im ngt ct cho php ta a phn vn bn v tr no di chuyn
sang ct k tip. Chng hn trong v d vn bn dng hai ct ch trn ta mun a
on Xt v mt khc, qua ct k tip th ta cn phi chn im ngt ct vo
trc t Xt .

Chn im ngt ct.
t du chn vo trc phn vn bn mun chn im ngt ct.
T thanh thc n, chn Insert | Break.
Hp thoi Break xut hin (Xem hnh 3.64).
Trong vng Break types, chn Column break.
Nhp nt OK kt thc.
Tin hc I - 127-
Hnh 3.64: Hp thoi Break.

V d vn bn dng hai ct ch sau khi chn im ngt ct:

Nhu cu nng cao nng lc ph
thuc vo trnh nng lc hin c v
trnh nng lc cn c trong tng lai.

Xt v mt tm l th nhu cu l
trng thi tm l phn nh s thiu
thn, s cn thit v mt ci g i
vi s tn ti v pht trin ca c nhn.

Xt v mt hnh ng th nhu cu
l ci kch thch v nh hng hnh vi,
hot ng ca con ngi.

Xt v mt khc, th nhu cu l
khong cch, l s chnh lch gia ci
hin c vi ci cn c, gia ci ang c
v ci s c trong tng lai.

Trn c s cc khi nim nh vy,
nhu cu nng cao nng lc c xc
nh mt cch khi qut nh sau:

Nhu cu nng cao nng lc l s
cn thit c thc v vic phi rt
ngn khong cch gia kh nng hin
c vi kh nng s c thc hin c
hiu qu nhng vai tr, chc nng v
nhim v nht nh.

Ch sau khi chia ct c khi ta khng thy hnh dng ct nh mong mun, trng
hp ny c th vn bn ang c xem ch Normal. Vic quy nh ch xem
nm mc View trong thanh thc n. xem c hnh dng ct c khi cn cn
chuyn ch xem vn bn qua Print Layout bng cch t thanh thc n chn
View | Print Layout.

2. BNG BIU

Bng biu (gi vn tt l bng) bao gm nhiu dng, nhiu ct v nhiu . Mi c
th xem nh l giao im ca dng v ct trong bng.

To bng

Trc khi to bng cn suy ngh xem bng cn bao nhiu dng v bao nhiu ct.
To bng dng thc n.
t du chn n v tr cn t bng.
T thanh thc n, chn Table | Insert | Table.
Hp thoi Insert Table xut hin (Xem hnh 3.65).
Trong vng Table size, nhp s ct Number of Columns.
Tin hc I - 128-
Trong vng Table size, nhp s dng Number of Rows.
Nhp nt OK kt thc.

Hnh 3.65: Hp thoi Insert Table.

Cc ty chn trong hp thoi Insert Table.

Ty chn Fixed column width cho php xc nh rng ca cc ct trong
bng. Cc ct trong bng s c rng bng nhau. Nu gi tr ca ty
chn ny l Auto th rng ct s bng nguyn chiu rng trang in gia
hai bin l chia cho s ct.

Ty chn AutoFit to contents cho php iu chnh t ng rng cc ct
ty theo ni dung cha trong . Khi chn ty chn ny, bng xut hin vi
c chiu rng rt nh, nhng khi bt u nhp vo ni dung th bt
u gin rng ra cho ch cha ni dung.

Mt cch khc to bng nhanh.
t du chn n v tr cn t bng.
T thanh cng c, nhp nt Insert Table .
Bng mu xut hin cnh nt (Xem hnh 3.66).
t con tr chut vo u tin ca bng mu.
Gi chut ko ngang chn s ct ca bng.
Gi chut ko xung chn s dng ca bng.
Th chut, bng xut hin v tr du chn.

Nhp ni dung cho bng

Sau khi to bng ta c th nhp ni dung cho cc trong bng.

Nhp chut vo mun nhp ni dung, du chn xut hin trong , g ni
dung vo . c th cha ch, s hoc hnh v. Trong mt c th c
nhiu on, n Enter s xung dng v to on mi trong .
Tin hc I - 129-

Nhn phm Tab s di chuyn du chn n k sau theo hng ngang,
v phm Shift + Tab s a du chn n k trc theo hng ngang.
Nhp phm mi tn di chuyn ln, xung, phi, tri trong bng.

Nu chiu rng ca khng xc nh bi ty chn AutoFit to contents th
khi nhp vo ni dung di hn chiu rng , ch s t ng xung dng
khi ng cnh bn phi ca .

Khi du chn nm trong cui cng ca bng, nhn phm Tab s to thm
mt dng mi vo cui bng, v du chn s c nh v trong u tin
ca dng cui ny ta c th nhp ni dung vo.

Hnh 3.66: nh kch thc bng s to t bng mu.

Chn , chn dng ,chn ct, chn bng

Chn .
t du chn vo trong mun chn.
T thanh thc n, chn Table | Select | Cell.
Hoc a du chn n cnh tri ca (hnh dng du chn bin thnh
mi tn m), nhp chut. Gi v ko chut nu mun chn nhiu .

Chn dng.
t du chn vo trong ca dng mun chn.
T thanh thc n, chn Table | Select | Row.
Hoc a du chn n cnh tri ca dng (hnh dng du chn thnh
mi tn rng), nhp chut. Gi v ko chut nu mun chn nhiu dng.

Chn ct.
t du chn vo trong ca ct mun chn.
T thanh thc n, chn Table | Select | Column.
Hoc a du chn n cnh trn ca dng (hnh dng du chn thnh
mi tn m), nhp chut. Gi v ko chut nu mun chn nhiu ct.

Tin hc I - 130-
Chn ton bng.
t du chn vo trong ca bng.
T thanh thc n, chn Table | Select | Table.

Chn dng, chn ct, xa dng, xa ct, chn , xa , xa bng

Chn dng.
t du chn vo trong ca dng lm mc.
T thanh thc n, chn Table | Insert | Rows Above hoc Rows Below.
Rows Above s chn mt dng trn dng lm mc.
Rows Below s chn mt dng di dng lm mc.

Chn ct.
t du chn vo trong ca ct lm mc.
T thanh thc n, chn Table | Insert | Colums to the Left hoc Right.
Colums to the Left s chn mt ct bn tri ct lm mc.
Colums to the Right s chn mt ct bn phi ct lm mc.

Xa dng.
t du chn vo trong ca dng mun xa.
T thanh thc n, chn Table | Delete | Rows.

Xa ct.
t du chn vo trong ca ct mun xa.
T thanh thc n, chn Table | Delete | Columns.

Chn .
t du chn vo trong lm mc.
T thanh thc n, chn Table | Insert | Cells.
Hp thoi Insert Cells xut hin (Xem hnh 3.67).
Chn Shift Cells Right chn mi v cc c sau mi trn cng mt
dng s b y sang bn phi.
Chn Shift Cells Down chn mi v cc c di mi trn cng mt
ct s b y xung pha di.
Chn Insert entire row chn nguyn mt dng mi nm trn dng cha
lm mc.
Chn Insert entire column chn nguyn mt ct mi nm bn tri ct
cha lm mc.

Hnh 3.67: Hp thoi Insert Cells.

Tin hc I - 131-

Xa .
t du chn vo trong mun xa lm mc.
T thanh thc n, chn Table | Delete | Cells.
Hp thoi Delete Cells xut hin (Xem hnh 3.68).
Chn Delete entire row xa nguyn mt dng cha lm mc.
Chn Delete entire column xa nguyn mt ct cha lm mc.
Chn Shift Cells Left xa v cc c sau xa trn cng mt dng s
c y sang bn tri.
Chn Shift Cells Up xa v cc c di xa trn cng mt ct s
c y ln pha trn.

Ch hn ch dng chn hoc xa vi cc ty chn Shift Cells v n s lm cho
cc trong bng khng cn ngay hng thng li, v rt kh coi. Khi c khi cn
phi chnh li chiu rng ca cc ct.

Hnh 3.68: Hp thoi Delete Cells.

Xa bng.
Chn bng mun xa.
T thanh thc n, chn Table | Delete | Table.

iu chnh chiu cao dng v chiu rng ct

iu chnh chiu cao dng.
Chn dng mun thay i chiu cao.
T thanh thc n, chn Table | Table Properties.
Hp thoi Table Properties xut hin (Xem hnh 3.69).
Bo m th Row c chn.
Trong vng Size, chn Specify height.
Nhp chiu cao dng vo Specify height.
Nhp nt Previous Row nu mun chuyn ln dng trn k.
Nhp nt Next Row nu mun chuyn xung dng di k.
Nhp nt OK kt thc.

Mt cch khc iu chnh chiu cao dng nhanh hn l a du chn n ng
vin ngang ca dng trong bng, khi hnh dng du chn bin thnh hnh mi tn
hai u, gi v ko chut theo chiu ng iu chnh chiu cao dng.

Tin hc I - 132-
iu chnh chiu rng ct.
Chn ct mun thay i chiu rng.
T thanh thc n, chn Table | Table Properties.
Hp thoi Table Properties xut hin (Xem hnh 3.70).
Bo m th Column c chn.
Trong vng Size, chn n v Centimeter trong Measure in.
Trong vng Size, chn Preferred width.
Nhp chiu rng ct vo Preferred width.
Nhp nt Previous Column nu mun chuyn v ct trc k.
Nhp nt Next Column nu mun chuyn n ct sau k.
Nhp nt OK kt thc.

Hnh 3.69: Hp thoi Table Properties vi th Row c chn.

Hnh 3.70: Hp thoi Table Properties vi th Column c chn.

Tin hc I - 133-

Mt cch khc iu chnh chiu rng ct nhanh hn l a du chn n ng
vin ng ca ct trong bng, khi hnh dng du chn bin thnh hnh mi tn
hai u, gi v ko chut theo chiu ngang iu chnh chiu rng ct.

Trn , tch

Trn l lm cho cc nm lin tip nhau hp li thnh mt . Vic trn thng
p dng cho tiu bng.

V d v trn .

BNG IM HC K
th nht th hai th ba

Trn .
Chn cc lin tip mun trn thnh mt .
T thanh thc n, chn Table | Merge Cells.

Tch .
L thao tc ngc vi trn .
Chn (hoc cc lin tip) mun tch thnh nhiu .
T thanh thc n, chn Table | Split Cells.
Hp thoi Split Cells xut hin (Xem hnh 3.71).
Nhp s ct cn tch ra Number of columns.
Nhp s dng cn tch ra Number of rows.
Nu chn Merge cells before split th s trn trc khi tch .
Ngc li, nu khng chn Merge cells before split th ch tch .
Nhp nt OK kt thc.

Hnh 3.71: Hp thoi Split Cells.

hiu r hn ty chn Merge cells before split ta coi v d sau. Gi s ta chn 2
lin tip nhau v mun tch chng thnh 3 .
Sau khi chn 2 tch, t thc n chn Table | Split Cells.
Nhp 3 cho vng Number of columns, nhp 1 cho vng Number of rows.
Nu chn Merge cells before split, th hai s c trn li thnh mt ,
sau ny s c tch thnh ba c chiu rng bng nhau.
Tin hc I - 134-
Nu khng chn Merge cells before split, th hai mi s c tch
thnh ba c chiu rng bng nhau. Kt qu ta c tt c l 6 .

Trnh by bng, trang tr bng

trnh by bng p mt, ni dung trong cc ca bng c th c nh dng
phng ch, c ch, hnh thc m, nghing, gch di hoc nh du bng cc nt
(bullets), hoc nh s, Ngoi ra cn c th canh dng ni dung trong cc ca
bng theo chiu ngang v theo chiu ng.

Canh dng ni dung trong .
Chn cc mun canh dng ni dung.
Nhp chut phi hin ra thc n i tng.
T thc n i tng, chn Cell Alignment.
Chn kiu canh dng (Xem hnh 3.72).

Hnh 3.72: Chn kiu canh dng.

Ta c th chn hng ch ni dung trong , chng hn nh trong v d sau:

N
i

d
u
n
g

N
i

d
u
n
g

Ni dung
Ni dung Ni dung Ni dung
Ni dung Ni dung Ni dung

Chn hng ch ni dung trong .
Chn cc mun nh hng ch ni dung.
T thc n i tng, chn Text Direction.
Hp thoi Text Direction - Table Cell xut hin (Xem hnh 3.73).
Tin hc I - 135-
Trong vng Orientation, chn kiu hng ch.
Nhp nt OK kt thc.

Hnh 3.73: Hp thoi Text Direction - Table Cell.

K ng vin bao quanh , ct, dng, bng.
Chn vng mun k ng vin (, ct, dng hoc bng).
T thc n i tng, chn Borders and Shading.
Bo m th Borders c chn.
Chn kiu vin trong vng Setting.
Chn kiu ca ng vin (lin tc, gin on) trong vng Style.
Chn mu ng vin trong vng Color.
Chn rng ng vin trong vng Width.
Nhp nt OK kt thc.

Hnh 3.74: Hp thoi Borders and Shading vi th Borders c chn.

Tin hc I - 136-
To mu nn, hoa vn nn cho , ct, dng, bng.
Chn vng mun trang tr nn (, ct, dng hoc bng).
T thc n i tng, chn Borders and Shading.
Bo m th Shading c chn.
Chn kiu hoa vn nn trong Style ca vng Pattern.
Chn mu nn trong vng Fill.
Nu mun chn mu khc hn, nhp nt More Colors.
Nhp nt OK kt thc.

Hnh 3.75: Hp thoi Borders and Shading vi th Shading c chn.

3. HA

Word cho php chn hnh vo trong vn bn. Word c sn mt th vin hnh ta
c th chn la gi l Clip Art. Word cng cho php to cc dng ch ngh thut
trong vn bn, v cho php phi hp sp xp hnh v ch trong vn bn.

Chn hnh

Chn hnh t th vin hnh Clip Art.
t du chn vo ni mun chn hnh.
T thanh thc n, chn Insert | Picture | Clip Art.
Hp thoi Insert ClipArt xut hin (Hnh 3.76).
Trong hp thoi c nhiu album hnh c phn loi theo cc ch .
Chn ch , cc hnh trong ch xut hin v ta c th chn la.
Chn hnh, nhp nt Insert clip, hnh s c chn vo vn bn.
Tin hc I - 137-
Hnh 3.76: Hp thoi Insert ClipArt.

Chn hnh t cc tp tin (files).
Trc ht cn phi bit tp tin hnh mun chn nm th mc no.
t du chn vo ni mun chn hnh.
T thanh thc n, chn Insert | Picture | From File.
Hp thoi Insert Picture xut hin (Hnh 3.77).
i n th mc cha tp tin hnh thng qua Look in.
Chn tp tin hnh, nhp nt Insert chn hnh.

Hnh 3.77: Hp thoi Insert Picture.

Tin hc I - 138-
Sau khi chn hnh, ta c th hiu chnh kch thc hoc tnh cht ca hnh sao cho
n xut hin trong vn bn theo ng mun ca mnh.

Hiu chnh hnh.
Nhp chut chn hnh.
Hnh c ng khung vi tm mc chung quanh.
Dng chut iu khin cc mc ny iu chnh kch thc hnh.
a chut vo trong hnh, nhp chut phi hin thc n i tng.
T thc n i tng, chn Show Picture Toolbar.
Thanh cng c chnh hnh xut hin. Dng cc nt thanh cng c hiu
chnh hnh theo mun (Xem hnh 3.78).

Hnh 3.78: Thanh cng c hiu chnh hnh.

V hnh minh ha trong vn bn

Word cung cp nhiu hnh mu t ta c th to cc i tng hnh trong vn
bn mt cch nhanh chng v thun tin. Cc hnh mu ny c t trong thanh
cng c Drawing. Nu trn mn hnh Word cha hin th thanh cng c Drawing cn
phi hin th thanh cng c ny. hin th thanh cng c Drawing, t thanh thc
n chn View | Toolbars | Drawing (Xem hnh 3.79).

Hnh 3.79: Thanh cng c Drawing.

V hnh mi tn.
T thanh cng c, nhp nt Arrow.
Hnh dng du chn bin thnh hnh ch thp.
Ko ch thp n v tr mun v mi tn.
Nhp v ko chut s hnh thnh mi tn.
Nu mun thay i ng nt mi tn lin tc, nhp nt Line Style.
Nu mun thay i ng nt mi tn gin on, nhp nt Dash Style.
Nu mun thay i kiu mi tn, nhp nt Arrow Style.
Nu mun t mu mi tn, nhp nt Line Color.
Nhp chut ngoi vng mi tn kt thc.

Tng t ta c th v hnh on thng (nt Line), v hnh vung hoc hnh ch nht
(nt Rectangle), v hnh trn hoc hnh elip (nt Oval), v hp cha vn bn (nt
Text Box).
Tin hc I - 139-
Ch khi dng nt Rectangle v hnh vung ta cn nhn phm Shift trong khi ko
chut to hnh. Tng t, khi dng nt Oval v hnh trn, ta cng cn nhn
phm Shift trong khi ko chut to hnh.

v nhng ng hoc hnh cu k hn ta c th nhp nt AutoShapes (Xem hnh
3.80), thc n cc hnh mu s xut hin. Cc hnh mu c phn loi thnh cc
nhm:
Lines: on thng, ng cong.
Basic Shapes: Cc hnh hnh hc c bn (lc gic, tam gic, ).
Block Arrows: Cc hnh khi mi tn.
Flowchart: Cc hnh v lu .
Stars and Banners: Cc hnh ngi sao v bng rn.
Callouts: Cc khung ch thch, tng thut.

Sau khi v mt hnh, ta c th nhp chut chn hnh, khi hnh s c bao quanh
bi ng vin c gn cc mu, dng chut iu khin cc mu ny iu chnh
kch thc hnh theo mun. Hoc nhp chut v ko hnh s di chuyn hnh n v
tr mong mun. Hoc cng c th nhp chn hnh v nhp chut phi hin thc
n i tng, t cc mc ca thc n ny ta c th thc hin cc thao tc vi
hnh v theo mun.

Hnh 3.80: Chn hnh mu trong nhm Basic Shapes v.

Trnh by phi hp hnh v vn bn

Chn ch trong hnh.
Sau khi to hnh ta c th a ch vo trong hnh.
Nhp chut vo hnh chn hnh to.
Nhp chut phi lm xut hin thc n i tng.
T thc n i tng, chn Add Text.
Du chn xut hin trong hnh.
T y c th nhp vn bn a ch vo hnh.
Nhp chut ngoi hnh kt thc.

Tin hc I - 140-
Chn hnh v vo on vn bn.
Xem hnh 3.82 c hnh dung v vic chn hnh v vo on vn bn.
Gi s ta c on vn bn.
t du chn vo trong on vn bn, ni ta mun chn hnh v.
Chn hnh v (Insert | Picture | Clip Art hoc From File).
iu chnh kch thc hnh v nu cn.
Nhp chut chn hnh v.
T thc n i tng, chn Format Picture.
Hp thoi Format Picture xut hin (Xem hnh 3.83).
Bo m th Layout c chn.
Trong vng Wrapping Style, chn cch hnh phi hp vi vn bn.
Trong vng Horizontal Alignment, chn cch canh hnh thng hng.
Nhp nt OK kt thc.

Hnh 3.81: a ch vo hnh.

Hnh 3.82: Chn hnh v vo on vn bn.

Sau khi v mt hnh, ta c th nhp chut chn hnh, khi hnh s c
bao quanh bi ng vin c gn cc mu, dng chut iu
khin cc mu ny iu chnh kch thc hnh theo
mun. Hoc nhp chut v ko hnh s di chuyn hnh n v
tr mong mun. Hoc cng c th nhp chn hnh v nhp
chut phi hin thc n i tng, t cc mc ca
thc n ny ta c th thc hin cc thao tc vi hnh v theo mun.

To ch ngh thut (WordArt)

Sau y l mt v d v ch ngh thut c to bi Word.

Tin hc I - 141-
To ch ngh thut.
t du chn vo ni mun xut hin ch ngh thut.
T thanh thc n, chn Insert | Picture | WordArt.
Hp thoi WordArt Gallery xut hin (Xem hnh 3.84).
T hp thoi chn kiu WordArt mong mun.
Nhp nt OK kt thc.
Hp thoi Edit WordArt Text xut hin (Xem hnh 3.85).
Chn phng ch, c ch.
Nhp ni dung dng ch ngh thut vo vng Text.
Nhp nt OK kt thc.

Hnh 3.83: Hp thoi Format Picture vi th Layout c chn.

Hnh 3.84: Hp thoi WordArt Gallery.

Tin hc I - 142-
Hnh 3.85: Hp thoi Edit WordArt Text.

Hiu chnh WordArt.
Nhp chut chn dng ch ngh thut.
Dng ch ngh thut s c ng khung vi cc mc chung quanh.
Dng chut iu khin cc mc iu chnh kch thc dng ch.
t du chn vo dng ch ngh thut v ko chut di chuyn.
Khi nhp chut chn dng ch ngh thut, thanh thc n WordArt s
xut hin. Cc nt trn thanh thc n ny cho php ta thao tc vi dng
ch ngh thut nh dng n theo mun ca mnh.

Hnh 3.86: Thanh thc n WordArt.

4. BIU

Word cho php ta to cc biu nhm biu din cc s liu thng k mt cch trc
quan. C nhiu loi biu c th to trong Word, thng dng l cc biu hnh
thanh (biu ct), biu ng v biu hnh bnh.

Biu v cc thnh phn ca biu

0
20
40
60
80
100
Qu 1 Qu 2 Qu 3 Qu 4
Sieu thi 1
Sieu thi 2
Sieu thi 3

ng li
Trc
gi tr
Ghi ch

Trc phn nhm
Tin hc I - 143-
To v hiu chnh biu

Biu nhm biu din cc s liu thng k. Do vy trc khi v biu phi c cc
s liu thng k, nhng s liu ny c lu dng bng.

To biu .
t du chn vo ni mun xut hin biu .
T thanh thc n, chn Insert | Object.
Hp thoi Object xut hin (Xem hnh 3.87).
Chn Microsoft Graph 2000 Chart trong vng Object type.
Nhp nt OK.
Mt bng tnh mu nh xut hin v biu tng ng.
Du chn xut hin trong ca bng tnh (Xem hnh 3.88).
y ch l bng tnh mu, da trn bng ny ta vo s liu thc ca mnh.
Khi vo s liu th biu s thay i tng ng nhm phn nh s liu.
Nhp d liu xong, nhp nt X thanh tiu ng bng tnh.
Khi ta c biu m t s liu bng tnh.

Hnh 3.87: Hp thoi Object.

Hiu chnh biu .
Nhp chut chn biu .
Biu xut hin trong khung c cc mu bao quanh.
Dng chut iu khin cc mu iu chnh kch thc biu .
Nhp vo cc thnh phn trong biu v nhp chut phi hin thc
n i tng. Ty theo thnh phn nhp trong biu m thc n i
tng c th khc nhau. Cc thc n i tng cho php chnh li s liu
ca biu , chn loi biu biu din (hnh thanh, ng thng, hnh
bnh, ) v nh dng biu (ng nt, mu sc, phng ch, ).
Tin hc I - 144-
Hnh 3.88: Bng tnh mu v biu .

5. TRN TH

Word cho php ta to ra cc th mi hoc thip mi gi i cho nhiu ngi. Gi s
ta cn gi mt thip mi sinh nht n cho 50 ngi bn m ta d kin mi. Thay v
ta phi nh 50 th mi c hnh thc v ni dung ging nhau nhng ch c khc
phn tn v a ch c quan th vi chc nng trn th ta ch cn:
nh mt th mi mu.
To danh sch cc khch mi.
Thc hin trn th. Word s t ng to ra 50 th mi dnh cho 50 khch
khc nhau.

Gi s th mi c mu nh sau:

TH MI D SINH NHT

Thn mi:
.
C quan:

n d tic Sinh nht ti Nh hng Hng Vn, lc 16g30
ngy 24 thng 12 nm 2005.

Tin hc I - 145-
Gi s khch mi bao gm:
Nguyn Vn A i hc Lt
Hunh Vn B Phng Cng nghip
Trn Th C S Khoa hc Cng ngh

Cc bc trn th.
To mu th mi, lu vo tp tin GiayMoi.Doc (Xem hnh 3.89).
To danh sch khch mi, lu vo tp tin KhachMoi.Doc (Xem hnh 3.90).

Hnh 3.89: Tp tin GiayMoi.Doc (cn c gi l Main Document).

Hnh 3.90: Tp tin KhachMoi.Doc (cn c gi l Data Source).

Tin hc I - 146-
Thc hin trn th.

Bc 1: Bo m tp tin GiayMoi.Doc c m v hin l tp tin ang hot ng
(ang xut hin trong ca s Word).

Bc 2: T thanh thc n, chn Tools | Mail Merge. Hp thoi Mail Merge Helper
xut hin. Trong mc Main document, nhp nt Create, chn Form Letters. Hp
thng bo xut hin, nhp nt Active Window (Xem hnh 3.91).

Hnh 3.91: Hp thoi Mail Merge Helper.

Bc 3: Trong mc Data source, nhp nt Get Data, chn Open Data Source. Hp
thoi Open Data Source xut hin. i n th mc cha tp tin KhachMoi.Doc to
trc , chn tp tin ny v nhp nt Open. Hp thng bo xut hin, nhp nt
Edit Main Document tr v tp tin GiayMoi.Doc (Xem hnh 3.92).

Bc 4: Quan st ca s hin thi ang hin th ni dung tp tin GiayMoi.Doc. ca
s ny xut hin thm mt thanh cng c mi l thanh cng c Mail Merge. By
gi ta thc hin chn cc vng cha h tn v c quan ca khch mi.

t du chn vo ni mun chn h tn, t thanh cng c Mail Merge
nhp nt Insert Merge Field, chn HoTen (chnh l tn ct th nht trong
bng danh sch khch mi) (Xem hnh 3.93).

Tin hc I - 147-
t du chn vo ni mun chn c quan, t thanh cng c Mail Merge
nhp nt Insert Merge Field, chn CoQuan (chnh l tn ct th hai trong
bng danh sch khch mi).

T thanh cng c Mail Merge, c th nhp nt View Merge Data xem
trc kt qu trn th, sau nhp nt Merge tin hnh trn th. Hp
thoi Merge xut hin, chn New document trong vng Merge to, nhp nt
Merge kt thc (Xem hnh 3.94).

Hnh 3.92: M tp tin KhachMoi.Doc (Data Source).

Tin hc I - 148-

Hnh 3.93: Chn vng cha thng tin h tn v c quan khi trn th.

Tin hc I - 149-

Hnh 3.94: Hp thoi Merge.

Bc 5: Mt tp tin vn bn mi s c to ra cha tt c cc Th mi d sinh
nht ng vi cc khch mi c trong danh sch. Tp tin ny c tn l Form Letter#.
Ta c th lu li tp tin ny vi tn khc, sau t tp tin ny ta in cc Th mi
ng vi tt c cc khch mi (Xem hnh 3.95).

Hnh 3.95: Tp tin cha tt c cc Th mi.

Tin hc I - 150-
TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] Nguyn L Minh c Hng (2004). Tin hc vn phng Microsoft Word
2000. Ti bn ln th nht. Nh xut bn i hc Quc gia Tp. H Ch Minh.

[2] Nguyn Tin & Nguyn Vn Hoi (2003). Gio trnh Microsoft Word 2002
Dnh cho sinh vin v ngi ang lm vic. Nh xut bn Thng K.

[3] V Gia Khnh (2002). S dng v khai thc Microsoft Word. Nh xut bn
Gio Dc.

[4] Joyce Cox, Polly Urban & Christina Dudley (2000). Quick Course in Microsoft
Office 2000. Microsoft Press.

[5] Alexis Leon & Mathews Leon (2001). Introduction to Computers with MS-
Office 2000. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited.


Tin Hoc I

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Tin Hoc I

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

TRNG AI HOC A LAT

You might also like