De Cuong Bai Giang Khu On Mau

G ing vin T hs.
H ong T in D ng
Tng quan v my p phun
A.Cu to chung
My p phun gm cc h thng c bn c minhm ho nh hnh v

H thng h tr p phun :L h thng gip vn hnh my p phun .H thng
ny gm 4 h thng con
-Thn my -H thng thu lc
-H thng in -H thng lm ngi

Cc h thng con trong h thng h tr p phun
1,Thn my:lin k cc h thng trn my li vi nhau
2,H thng thu lc:Cung cp lc ng v m khun,to ra v duy tr lc
kp ,lm cho trc vt quay v chuyn ng ti lui,to lc cho cht y v s
trt ca li mt bn. H thng ny bao gm bm,van, motor, h thng ng,
thngcha du
Trng HCN-H Ni Gio trnh khun mu 1
Ging vin Ths.Hong Tin Dng

3,H thng in :cung cp nhun cho motor in v h thng iu khin nhit
cho khoang cha vt liu nh cc bng nhit v m bo an ton cho ngi vn
hnh my bng cc cng tc. H thng ny gm t in v h thng dy dn.

4, H thng lm ngui: cung cp nc hay dung dch ethylnglycol lm
ngui khun, du thu lc v ngn khng cho nha th cung phiu b nng
chy. V khi nha cung phu b nng chy th phn nha th pha trn kh
chy vo khoang cha liu. Nhit trao i cho du thu lc vo khong 90
120
0
F. B iu khin nhit nc cung cp mt lng nhit, p sut, dng chy
thch hp lm ngui nha nng trong khun.

5, H thng phun: H thng phun lm nhim v a nha vo khun thng qua
cc qu trnh cp nha, nn, kh kh, lm chy do nha, phun nha lng v
nh hnh sn phm. H thng ny gm c cc b phn:
- Phu cp liu (Hopper).
- Cc bng gia nhit ( Heater
band).
- Trc vt (Screw).
- B hi t h (Non-return
assembly).
- Vi phun (Nozzle).

B. Nguyn l ca my phun nha :
1,B phn kp :
u xi lanh thu lc chnh
C cu khuu(n)
X knock-out
2,Cc tm
Cc tm di ng
Cc tm tnh ti
3,Cm phun
u xi lanh thu lc chnh
Xi lanh phun
Vt xon phun
ng phun m vt
Hp bnh rng
ai nhit
4,Bm thu lc chnh v ng c
Bng iu khin trung tm
Van kim tra thu lc (p sut)
H thng kim tra nhit (Nhit )
H thng kim tra thi gian (Thi gian chu k)
5,Cc ph tng khc
Cng tc gii hn (N.C/N.O)
Bo s c
ch th nhit u thu lc
RPM gauge (My o) ng h o vng quay
Van kim tra nc
C,Phn loi tng qut cc my phun nha :
My phun nha nhit do
My phun nha t nhit
1,Cc loi my phun nha
My phun nha thng ng
My phun nha nm ngang
2,Cc kiu my phun nha
a, ng phun :
h thng kp c chc nng ng , m khun, to lc kpk gi khun trong qu
trnh lm ngui v y sn phm thot khi khun khi kt thc mt chu k p
phun. H thng ny gm :
-Cm y ca my
-Cm km
-Tm di ng
-Tm c nh
-Nhng thanh ni
2,H thng iu khin
gip ngi vn hnh my theo di v iu chnh cc thng s gia cng
nh:nhit , p sut, tc phun , vn tc v v tr ca trc vt, v tr ca cc
b phn trong h thng thu lc.Qu trnh iu khin c nh hng trc tip
n cht lng sau cng ca sn phm v hiu qu kinh t ca qu trnh.

H thng iu khin gm
-Mn my tnh
-Bng iu khin
b, H thng kp : -Chuyn ng thu lc
-Chuyn ng c-thu lc
Then mc n
Then mc p
c, H thng phun -Vt xon
-Piston phun


3,Cc kiu cm phun :
a) Piston phun 1 gin :l kiu piston 1)T phu ht c a n xi lanh
phun 2) Chuyn ng ln pha trc ca piston buc cc ht I ti b
phn m rng (mng phun)3)Xung quanh spreader s l bng nhit,n s
lm chy ht .4)I qua gia xi lanh v mng phun vo m vt
b) Piston 2 gin
n gm 2 cm piston , cI ny t pha trn cI kia, mt cI do ho vt
liu,v dn liu n cho xi lanh kia m piston th 2 s hot ng nh mt
piston bn n v y vt liu do vo khun
c) Vt chuyn ng qua li theo ng
S phun nha c thc hin bi mt vt quay m n chuyn ng li v tin xi
lanh nung nng,l mt vt qua,n to ra s chuyn ng ca vt liu ht t phu
nguyn liu v buc vt liu i dc theo thung xi lanh nng.khi vt liu n
cui ca vt th vt chuyn ng ngc li tch vt liu li.Vo lc vt li
tin ln mnh m,hot ng nh mt piston
d) Piston vt 2 gin
Hot ng ca vt chuyn ng qua li s hn ch lng vt liu c th c
do ho.Tuy nhin ,tuy nhin hn ch ny c th khc phc c bng vic s
dng piston 2 gin. y vt liu di chuyn trn ton b chiu di ca vt qua 1
van np vo trong khoang phun .Cng y, piston phun bt buc phI lii
li.Van bn n s c bn ra khi piston phun tin ln pha trc v vt liu
c phun vo khun
Chu k p phun :
Cht do lng c p vo khun ng kn .Cm ng khun -1 my p nm
cn phi tc dng vo khun mt lc ln (lc kp khun) khng c mt t
cht do

lng no chy ra t khe ca khun.Cht chy lng i t cm ho do vo 1 my
xon vt vi mt trc xon c th s dch hng trc m n hot ng nh mt
ci Piston

c p vo lng khun,nh m cht do lng khng b mt mt.Trn c s
s phn cch v nhit gia khun v cm ho do lin kt ny ch duy tr c
mt lc cho n khi cht do lng khng c kh nng chy na ,sau khi in
y khun cht lng ng cng li v khi th tch ca n co li I cht
bng cch p tip v in y tip th tich s c b xung cho do phI
duy tr p lc ln cht do lng cho n lc n ng cng song
V qu trnh ho do cn mt thi gian nht nh trc xon bt u p vt liu
qua s quay ca n, to ra tng liu lng nhm lm chy n ra v xp t n
trc khi phun.
Trc xon to ra khng gian trng bng cch n trt li li dc trc trong xi
lanh phun,chng li p lc .Khi vt c phun ng c li,cm ho do di
khi khun nh cht do lng vi phun khng b ng c li .Cum ng
khun s tip tc ng cho n khi sn phm b ng c n mc c th tng
ra ngoi

5,Vt xon phun
N truyn chuyn ng cho ht ngui t pha phu liu
N lm cht vt liu khu vc dn liu
N thot kh v ho do nguyn liu khu vc chuyn tip
Bm n vo khun trong khu vc o, khu vc dn liu khong mt na
chiu di vt.Vng chy hay vng chuyn tip di khong 1/4 chiu di
vt vng o hoc vng bm 1/4 chiu di vt
S chy cht do trong vt
i vi cht do, c th chuyn ng ln pha trc n phI bm dnh nhiu
hn vo thnh thng hn l vo vt.Nu h s ma st gia cht do v vt v
gia cht do v thnh thng l ng nht th s khng c s chy chuyn ng
ca vt. Vt liu ch quay nh mt cI cc cng vi vt quay. V cc phn t
polyme c gi li nhiu hn mt pha ca thng so vi vt nn cc phn t
polyme trt ln nhau v iu gi l hnh ng ct. Trong thc t, cc phn
t b ph v v chuyn thnh nhit.
l ngha ca vic chuyn i hnh ng c hc ca vt sang nhit.
L thuyt ca s ho do bng vt:
Hnh ng ct ca cc phn t cht do, mc ct c nh ngha l tc
b mt thnh thng chia cho chiu su ca knh.
-T l ct
=
h
N D
X
.
D-ng knh vt
N-T l s quay vt
h-Chiu su knh
Tt c cc vt liu u c t l ct gii hn, m bn ngoi chng s b mt
phm cht. i vi hu ht cc cht do th l 150ft/min. Do tc ca
vt mt ng knh cho trc b gii hn. Cng c sinh ra bi vt lm
chy cht do c o bi lc xon gi l latorque(lc xon)


Cm kp
H thng n bn l l mt phng cch c kh khuch i lc .Mt u ca
n c ni vo mt tm c nh, cn u kia c ni vo mt tm di
ng.Li th c hc c th t 5P :1
Cc s liu khc
Ring t lc kp, on kp cn phI bit v l khong cch m tm di
ng s chuyn dch.Khong trng ti a l khong cch ti a gia cc
tm c nh v cc tm di ng co li hon ton
Tc kp
Khe h gia cc n s xc nh kch thc ln nht ca khun
C nh knock-out m n xc nh s chuyn ng knock-out cc
i.H thng knock-out c th va l h c kh m n s dng tm
knock-out trc khi dng khun, m l h thng thu kc m n c lp
vi hnh ng ca my .
C,Cc chi tit trong khun
I,Cht y dng y sn phm ra khi khun khi m
Khong y :khong y phi ln hn t 5n 10mm so vi chiu cao ca sn
phm c ly ra t khun sau
Sau khi sn phm c c y ra,h thng y phI tr v v tr ban u
cc cht y khng lm hang cc lng khun trc khi ng khun.V th cn
mt cht hi,cht y v cht hi c t cng nhau

Cht hi
Phn nh cht y v l thuyt ch nm ngang mc so vi lng khunnhng
trong thc t ,c th l trn di 0,05-0,1.Nh thit k khun phI xem xt vi
nh thit k sn phm .C th c mt ch li hay chi lm trn sn phm

kch thc ca cht y cng quan trng.Kch thc ca cht y ph thuc
vo kch thc ca sn phm,nhng ch to khun cn trnh ng knh nh
hn 3mm,tr khi n cn thit cho sn phm.
Thit k h thng y cn m bo l khonng lm yu khun sau.Nh v tr ca
sn phm v v tr ca cht hi ,khong trn cn thit di tm thng dng
m c th lm cho tm b un cong
t cc cht y vo ng v tr,cn phI c kin thc vng vng s l cc
trc chc c th sy ra,c th l trn ng gn,hoa vn v cc phn khc,c
bit l ch bao quanh phn thp.Khi nha c lm lnh s co li ca nha gy
ln ng suet.Ni chung thng t cht y ch c th sy ra trc chc,nha
co li d dng t trong cc thnh vin trong qu trnh lm lnh v y 4 cht
y l
Bc dn hng cht trnh hao mn v hang cht ,tm y v tm gi do
chuyn ng mnh gia chng

Chc nng l a khun sau v khun trc lm hai phn thng hng bc dn
hng nm khun sau d iu khin y sn phm ra
Bc dn hng c nhiu loi v nhiu cch ch to khc nhau,kiu bc dn
hng d nht l khoan l chnh xc vo tm khun,tuy nhin s kh sa cha
khi chi tit b mn.T nhc im trn cc nh thit k a ra phng php tt
hn m trong bc dn hng di dng mt ming ghp.Cng c th bng
nghoc ng thau hoc vi dng sn xut dng ln th dng thp ti
Cht dn hng chuyn ng v dn hng cho tm 5 khi b cong do p lc
y cao
II,Bc cung phun :ni vi phun v knh nha vi nhau qua tm kp pha trc
v tm khun trc

III,. Bc dn hng :
Bc dn hng n gin nht l khoan l chnh xc trn tm khun (hnh a)
tuy nhin n gy kh khn cho vic sa cha khi chi tit b mn khc phc
tnh trng ngi ta thay th vic khoan l chnh xc bng bc dn hng.
* Cng dng v cu to :
- Trong qu trnh khun lm vic ca khun s c ma st gia cht dn hng
v tm khun sau [khi cha c bc dn hng] do tm khun sau ca khun
s b mn dn ti vic sai s cho qu trnh sn xut ra sn phm cng nh tui
bn ca khun. khc phc tnh trng ngi ta thit k ra bc dn hng
nhm tng chnh xc ca khun v gim sai s mn
- Trong lc khun lm vic th bc dn hng cng b mn nhng n c th
thay th d dng v mc mn ca bc cng t hn so vi vic khoan l trn
khun
- Thng thng bc dn hng c ch to bng cc vt liu nh ng, ng
Thau hoc i vi qu trnh sn xut hng lot ln th ta dng thp qua ti
- i vi cc l c chnh xc cao v kch thc di th ngi ta khoan rng
l ca bc dn hng gim nhu cu i vi l chnh xc di ( hnh c)
-------
hnh (a)
l dn hung ngay trong
tm khun
hnh(b)
bc dn hung ghp
vo tm khun
hnh(c)
khoan rng mt phn bc dn hung
-Cc kch thc ca bc dn hng c c quy chun theo bng
Bc dn hng
Loi trn

Loi c vai

Vai khng t bi trn

Vai t bi trn

V tr ca cht bc dn hng:
Vic t cc cht dn hng trong khun cng rt quan trng ni chung,1
khun bnh thng c 4 cht dn hng .tuy nhin,vi loi khun n gin th 2
hoc 3 cht dn hng cng c th l nhiu khi 2 phn khun t ngc
chiu nhau c th gy ra nhng hng hc nng cho lng khun v li nu lp
nhm chiu .
trnh iu ny,thng dng cc cht dn hng c ng knh khc nhau
trong khun ,vi khun c 3 cht dn hng th 1 cht phI c ng knh
khc,hoc c th la chn v tr t ca 1 trong cc cht dn hng x dch
i mt cht ,cng v l do ,khun c 4 cht dn hng phi c hoc 1 l x
dch i hoc l c cc ng knh khc nhau.y l h thng cc thn khun
tiu chun.
-Bc m rng:
Bc m rng dng lp ghp gia tm kp pha sau v tm
* Cng dng v cu to:
Bc m rng c cng dng v cu to ging bc dn hng nhm trnh mi
mn, lm hng tm kp pha sau khi ngn v tm .
IV. B nh v :
*Cng dng v cu to:
-B nh v c tc dng m bo cho s ph hp gia phn c nh v phn dch
chuyn ca khun
-Thng thng cc cht dn hng cng c th gi c mt thng hng s
b, song i vi khun chnh xc th dung sai ca cht dn hng v bc dn
hng l qu ln v th cn c b nh v
- Hnh (a) a ra b nh v m to c thng hng tt gia hai phn khun
-Hnh (b) a ra b nh v t chnh xc hn b nh v ca hnh (a)nhng c u
im l nh c l xo nn v tr tng i c nh trc khi hai phn khun
- i vi loi sn phm ln, nht nh phi s dng b nh v. Trong trng
hp ny khun phi chu lc p mt bn , c bit l khi khun c in y
v cc cht dn hng khng c cc lc p mt bn ny. hnh (c) l b nh
v cI tin c th iu chnh c.
hnh (c) : mt b nh v
iu chnh uc
hnh (b) : mt b nh v
c thm l xo
hnh (a) : mt b nh v
V,Khi : dng lm phn ngn gia tm v tm kp pha sau cho tm y
hot ng c.
Tm gi : gi cht y vo tm y.
Tm y: y cht y ng thi vi qu trnh y.

Cht dn hng ,bc dn hng v vng nh v:
Gii thiu: chc nng chnh ca cht dn hng l a khuon sau vo khun
trc v lm 2 phn thng hng.Cht dn hng nm khun trc v bc dn
hng nm khun sau d iu khin dy sn phm ra.
VI,Cht dn hng:
hnh di a kiu cht dn hng khng t,loi ny c nhc im l khi
cht dn hng dn hng mn v bi cong(hnh 400 th vic thay cht dn
hng d lm hng l lp ghp).

a ra cch khc phc vn ny.
di ca cht dn hng cng quan trng
Nguyn tc ng ca cht dn hng phi di hn ming ghp cao nht
trnh hang hc khi ng khun c bit l khi lp rp.
Luu :nu khng c g cn tr chuyn ng ca sn phm th tt nht l t
cht dn hng khun sau.
Cng v l do trn m nhiu trng hp phi cn n cht dn hng di,vi
loi cht dn hng di th s lp ghp ti phn ca n s c chnh xc ng
k.phn u ca cht dn hng c th lm nh hn 0,1 mm ma cng c th
ding nh 1 b phn nh hng trc tt.
Tng qut:
T hp cht bc dn hng c th c c nh 1 chi tit tiu chun.u im l
c s lin h gia cc tm khun v tm ca chng.h thng ny kt hp vi
cht- bc dn hng tiu chun(hnh 409).s to nn mi lin kt cht ch gia
tt c cc tm khun li c tin hnh ng thi vi vic nh v cht bc dn
hng.diu ny to ra mt khong trng cn thit cho lp lm ngui tt hn .

Loi trn khng vai

Loi c vai

VII, Cc b nh v :
Thng thngcc cht dn hng c th gi c mt thng hng s
b,nhng vi khun chnh xc th dung sai ca cc cht dn hng v cc bc
dn hng l qu ln v th cn c b nh v.
Hnh 416 a ra b nh v t chnh xc hn b trc,nhng c yu im l nh
c l xo nn v tr tng i c nh trc khi 2 phn khun tip xc nhau.
i vi loi sn phm ln ,nht nh phi dng b nh v.trong trng hp ny
khun phi chu lc p mt bn ,c bit khi khun cha c in y v cc
cht dn hng khng th chu c cc lc p mt bn ny.hnh 418 l b nh
v ci tin c th iu chnh c .
Vng nh vi (hnh3.13):
Chc nng ca vng nh v l t khun ng tm vo my gia cng nha.ni
chung,vng nh v ch dt khun trc nhng trong mt s trng hp n
cng la phn b xung khun sau.kch thc ca vng phi nh hn l m ca
my gia cng nha l 0.1mm vi dung sai nh nht 0.05.

H thng cp nha :
Qu trnh lm vic ca h thng cp nha.
Trc tin nguyn liu nha c y cung phun v h thng knh nha
dn n lng khun, to hnh khun bi nha b nng chy.Khi nha nng chy
chm vo khun lnh nhanh chng b ng li to thnh mt lp v trong khi
phn chnh vn l nha nng chy
Lc u lp nha ng li rt mng v th nhit mt i rt nhanh ,sau cng
nhiu nhit b mt i khi qua lp nha mng to ln lp nha ng dy hn.Sau
mt thi gian lp nha ng s t dy nht nh th nhit thu c t nha v
nhit ma st sinh ra t dng chy s cn bng vi lng nhit mt. thi im
ny t c trng thi cn bng.
V nha dn nhit km nn lp v ngoi s ng vai tr l lp cch nhit cho
li trong ca nha nng chy v gi nhit cho li trong.Do nguyn liu nha
vn c th chy qua li gia trong qu trnh phun. nu tc phun tng th lp
nha ng li s b mong i do nhit ma st sinh ra cao hn.Tng t nh th ,
nng chy v nhit ca khun cao s lm gim dy ca lp nha ng li.
c c lp cch nhit bng phng ,khng nn c gc nhn lm cn tr
dng chy.

10
lng khun knh nha chnh
ming phun
knh nha
cung phun
2,8
1,45
2,4

VIII,Cung Phun:
Cung phun l ch ni gia vi phun ca my phun v knh nha.c nhiu h
thng cung phun khc nhau ,nhng nn dng cung phun thng thng cng vi
bc cung phun c ti cng khng b vi phun ca my lm hng v ph
thuc vo hai yu t
-khi lng v dy thnh ca sn phm cng nh loi vt liu s dng
-kch thc l ca vi phun ca my cng nh hng n kch thc ca bc
cung phun,
Bn knh ca bc cung phun v vi phun phi to ln s lin kt ph hp
gia c.Bn knh trn bc cung phi ln hn 2-5mm so vi bn knh ca vi
phun dm bo rng khng c khe h gia cung phun v vi phun khi
chng tip xc vi nhau.
Gc cn ca cung phun cng rt quan trng bi v nu gc cn qu nh c
th gy ra kh khn khi tho cung phun khi bc cung phun, cn gc cn
qu to, lm cho phn y ca cung phun cng phi rt ln,m iu ny nh h-
ng n thi gian lm ngui . v vy gc cn ti thiu nn l 1 .

cung phun
1

IX,Knh nha:
Knh nha l on ni gia cung phun v ming phun, knh nha phi c
thit k ngn c th nhanh chng in y lng khun m khng b mt
nhiu p lc .Kch thc ca knh nha phi nh lm gim ph liu v l-
ng nha trong lng khun,nhng phi ln chuyn mt lng vt liu ng
k in y lng khun nhanh v gim s mt p lc knh nha v cc
ming phun.
Hnh dng cng rt quan trng y nn chn knh nha hnh thang c gc l-
n c s dng ph bin v d gia cng .
Wb
Db

W
b
=1,25D
b

Db=1,45 mm.

X,Ming phun:
Ming phun l ng ni gia knh dn v lng khun.Ming phun c chc
nng rt quan trng l a nha lng in y vo lng khun v th vic b tr
v tnh ton kch thc rt quan trng.
Nu v tr khng ph hp c th to ra nhng khuyt tt khi phun nh:
-vt liu phun ngn.
-sn phm cong vnh.
-ng hn
-s to ui...
Nn ch ming phun cnh c s dng rng ri vi tt c cc loi sn phm.
Di y l cc kiu ming phun thng dng :


Ming phun trc tip Ming phun kiu bng

Kiu phun cnh Ming phun kiu gi

Kiu phun hnh a Kiu phun im

1,5

XI,Tm kp trc:
Kp phn c nh ca khunvo my p phun.
-Tm khun pha trc:L phn c nh ca khun to thnh phn trong v
phn ngoi ca sn phm.
-Tm khun sau :L phn chuyn ng ca khun,to nn phn trong v ngoi
ca sn phm.
-Tm kp pha sau :kp phn chuyn ng ca khun vo my p phun.
-Tm :gi cho mnh ghp ca khun khng b ri ra ngoi.
H thng lm ngui:
Trong qu trnh p phun li khun v lng khun tip xc trc tip vi nha
nng.Do ,nu mun sn phm ngui nhanh,thi gian lm ngui ngn li,
gim chu k p phun th nht thit ta phi lm ngui chng.
iu khin tt nhit trong khun ,cn lu :
-Nhng knh lm ngui phi t cng gn b mt khun cng tt,nhng
ch n bn c hc khun.
-Cc knh lm ngui phi t gn nhau
-ngknh knh lm ngui phi ln hn 8mm v gi nguyn nh vy,
trnh tc chy ca cht lng ang lm ngui khc nhau do ng knh ca
cc knh lm ngui khc nhau.
-Nn chia h thng lm ngui ra lm nhiu vng lm ngui trnh cc
knh lm ngui qu di dn n s chnh lnh nhit ln.
-c bit ch lm ngui ch phn dy ca sn phm
-Tnh dn nhit ca vt liu lm khun cng rt quan trng.
V tr ca b phn lm khun ;ph thuc vo kch thc sn phm v s khc
nhau v dy thnh .B phn lm ngui t ch m nhit kh truyn t
nha nng qua thn khun.Vic lm ngui phi nh n hau trn ton b sn
phm.
lm ngui tt cn c bit ch n li.b bao ph ,nhit li tng
nhanh v cn tr thi gian chu k.
+Lm ngui tm khun:
Nn lm 2 h thng ring.
+Lm ngui li:
Li thng b bao ph bi lp nha nng v vic truyn nhit ti phn khc
ca khun rt kh.Cch n gin nht l lm li bng vt liu c dn nhit
cao nh ng.Nhc im l bn thp.
Mt phng php tt hn l t cc knh lm ngui trong li.u im ca
phng php ny l nhit c th iu khin c bng s tng gim nhit
ca dng cht lng ang lm ngui chy qua cc knh.

H thng lm ngui tm khun.


H thng lm ngui li.

A-Cu to ca khun nh hnh v:

B-Chc nng ca cc yu t c bn:
1, Tm kp trc
2,Tm khun trc
3,Tm khun sau
4,Tm kp sau
5,Tm
6,Gi
7,Tm gi
8,Tm y
9,Vng nh v
10,Cht dn hng
11, Bc dn hng
12,Bc m dng
13,B nh v
14,H thng cht hi
15, Cht y dng y sn phm ra khi khun khi m
16,Bc dn hng cht
18,Bc cung phun
C.Nguyn l hot ng
1, Tm kp trc :Cng dng kp phn c nh ca khunvo my p phun
khng chu tc dng ca lc v t chu tc dng ca nhit chnh v vy yu cu
k thut ca chi tit khng cao

Tm kp trc

Chc nng ca tm kp trc l kp phn c nh ca khun vo my p phun

Yu cu trong qu trnh ch to:
-Cc b mt ch phay vi nhm Za=5, phng ca cc mt phng l
0,05/100mm.
- song song gia hai mt phng l 0,1/100mm.
V vy cn phay trn my vn nng
- Cc l dng bt vt vi tm khun trn, n ch c tc dng kp chthi
tm vi nhau, khng cn chnh xc cao v vy nn gia cng c
chnh xc 5 v nhm Ra=2,5,
- Dung sai cc l =0,2mm, sai s hnh dng l 0,1mm v vung gc
mt u v tm l l0,05/100mm bn knh . t yu cu k thut ta
tin hnh gia cng trn my khoan
Ring l dng lp bc cung phun i hi chnh xc cao hn so vi cc l
bt vt v vy ta ch to vi cp chnh xc 3, Za=0,16 v tin hnh gia cng trn
my khoan sau tin hnh trn my doa
2,Tm khun trc l: Phn c nh ca khun to thnh phn trong v phn
ngoi ca sn phm c b tr cc l dn hng, bc cung phun ,v c lp
c nh vi tm kp trc khng b ri mnh ghp ra ngoi b tr b phn
lm ngui.
Tm khun trc

Tm khun trc


Tm khun trc Phn c nh ca my

3,Tm khun sau: Cha phn mnh ghp ca khun trn tm khun c b
tr cc l ca cht y, bc dn hng v cht hi
Tm khun sau c lp vi tm v c thit k b phn lm ngui ca
lng khun
Tm khun sau
Chc nng ca tm khun sau kp phn chuyn ng ca khun vo my p
phun
Phn chuyn ng ca my Tm kp sau

4,Tm kp sau: Cng dng kp phn chuyn ng ca khun vo my p phun
v vy yu cu k thut khng cao.

Tm kp sau
chnh xc ca cc b mt tng t tm kp trn.
chnh xc cc l tng t nh cc l bt vt ca tm kp trc
B dy ca tm khun ca mt s khun theo tiu chun T


5,Tm :Gi cho mnh ghp ca khun khng ri ra ngoi.
Tm

N c t trn khi ,trn tm gm cc l lp bc dn hng , cht dn
hng ,cht y v cht hi hot ng tnh tin ln xung.
Yu cu trong qu trnh ch to cng nh tm gi

6,Gi :C tc dng lm phn ngn gi tm v tm kp pha sau cho
tm y hot ng c
Gi
Gi c t trn tm kp pha sau v n lm tng cng vng khng b
cong vnh ca tm
Khong cch gia hai khi hp l sao cho tm y hot ng tt khng b
vng mc khi qu trnh y c thc hin
-m bo yu cu k thut
-m bo song song gia cc b mt
Khi

Nguyn l hot ng:
Khi

To khong y
cho h thng y
7,Tm gi :L chi tit gi cho cc cht y v cht hi v tm y ng v tr
S l trn chi tit da vo s lung cht y v cht hi ca khun ch to
Khi trong khun c cht th gia cht v tm gi ,tm y c bc lt

-m bo nhn bng gia cc b mt, cc l

- song song gia cc mt, song song ca cc tm l
- chnh xc khi gia cng cc l ca cc cht y v cht hi
8,Tm y: y cc cht y li sn phm ri khi khun


Tm y Cht y

Tm y
Tm y cc cht y li sn phm ra khi khun ,tm y c lp thm
n by tng chiu cao y mt pha gip sn phm ri ra khi khun mt
cch d dng

Tm y
Tm y c b tr nm trn tm kp di ,tm y mang theo nhiu cc cht
y y sn phm ra ngoi nh mt h thng chuyn ng ca my p nha

H thng chuyn
ng ca my

- m bo nhn bng b mt tip gip vi tm kp di
- m bo song song gia cc cp b mt ca tm
*Cc kiu h thng y trong khun
1.H thng y dng li y

Li y dng y sn phm c thnh mng v hnh dng phc tp.
Trng hp ny nu ta dung cht y s khong hiu qu hn. Bi s khng
lc, m nu c lc th khi y s li du vt trn sn phm.

2.H thng y dng ng y


Dng y sn phm c dng trn xoay hoc tm mng
3.H thng y dng tm tho

Dng tho nhng sn phm c hnh tr trn hay hnh hp ch nht c b dy
thnh mng. H thng ny m bo cho sn phm dy ra s khng c vt.

4.H thng y dng kh nn


i vi nhng sn phm c lng khun su nh: x chu..... Khi ngui
th chn khng trong lng khun v li khun rt ln nn y sn phm ra l
rt phc tp. V th phi c mt lc ln v phn b lc phn tn u trn sn
phm. H thng dng kh nn p ng c yu cu .
* Mt s h thng y c bit
+ y hai tng


+ H thng y knh dn trong khun 3 tm


C cu hot ng nh h thng iu khin bng kh nn gip a knh dn ri
khun d dng.
*Khi thit k h thng y ta phi ch i iu
Tm y lun c lp na khun di ng, Tr trng hp c bit
mi c lp na khun c nh
Cc cht, li y thng c b tr gc, cnh, gn ca sm phm
Hnh trnh y nn bng chiu su ln nht ca sn phm theo hng m
khun cng thm 5-10mm
Cc nh cht dy ln lm ngang mc so vi mt phn khun m bo
khng li vt trn mt sn phm. Hn hu trng hp vn li vt nhng
mt khut sn phm vn chp nhn c. Khong chnh lch gia nh cht v
mt phn khun c th chp nhn c: 0,05-0,1mm
dy tm y c th chn theo din tch mt sn phm

9,Vng nh v
Chc nng ca vng nh l t khun ng tm vo my gia cng nha, vng
nh v ch t khun trc nhng trong mt s trng hp n cng l phn
b xung khun sau. Kch thc ca vng phi nh hn l m ca my gia
cng nha l 0,1mm vi dung sai nh nht 0,05mm.
Vng nh v

Cc loi vng nh v:


Cc thng s ca vng nh v
10,Cht dn hng
Cht dn hng c tc dng dn hng cho tm khun trc v tm khun sau
p vo tm

Nguyn tc ng ca cht dn hng phi di hn ming ghp cao nht
trnh hng hc khi ng khun c bit l khi lp rp.

Lu :Nu khng c g cn tr chuyn ng ca sn phm th tt
nht l t cht dn hng khun sau.
Cng v l do trn m nhiu trng hp phi cn n cht dn
hng di,vi loi cht dn hng di th s lp ghp ti phn ca
n s c chnh xc ng k.phn u ca cht dn hng c
th lm nh hn 0,1 mm ma cng c th ding nh 1 b phn nh
hng trc tt.
Tng qut:
T hp cht bc dn hng c th c c nh 1 chi tit tiu
chun.u im l c s lin h gia cc tm khun v tm ca
chng.h thng ny kt hp vi cht- bc dn hng tiu chun s to nn mi
lin kt cht ch gia tt c cc tm khun li c tin hnh ng thi vi vic
nh v cht bc dn hng.diu ny to ra mt khong trng cn thit cho lp
lm ngui tt hn .


Loi trn khng vai

Loi c vai
11, Bc dn hng :
Bc dn hng n gin nht l khoan l chnh xc trn
tm khun (hnh a)
tuy nhin n gy kh khn cho vic sa cha khi chi tit b
mn khc phc tnh trng ngi ta thay th vic
khoan l chnh xc bng bc dn hng.
* Cng dng v cu to :
- Trong qu trnh khun lm vic ca khun s c ma st gia cht dn hng
v tm khun sau (khi cha
c bc dn hng)do tm khun sau ca khun s b mn dn ti vic sai s
cho qu trnh sn xut ra sn phm cng nh tui bn ca khun. khc phc
tnh trng ngi ta thit k ra bc dn hng nhm tng chnh xc ca
khun v gim sai s mn
- Trong lc khun lm vic th bc dn hng cng b mn nhng n c th
thay th d dng v mc mn ca bc cng t hn so vi vic khoan l trn
khun
- Thng thng bc dn hng c ch to bng cc vt liu nh ng, ng
Thau hoc i vi qu trnh sn xut hng lot ln th ta dng thp qua ti
- i vi cc l c chnh xc cao v kch thc di th ngi ta khoan rng
l ca bc dn hng gim nhu cu i vi l chnh xc di
-Cc kch thc ca bc dn hng c c quy chun theo bng
Bc dn hng
Loi trn

Loi c vai

Vai khng t bi trn

Vai t bi trn

V tr ca cht bc dn hng:
Vic t cc cht dn hng trong khun cng rt quan trng ni chung,1
khun bnh thng c 4 cht dn hng .tuy nhin,vi loi khun n gin th 2
hoc 3 cht dn hng cng c th l nhiu khi 2 phn khun t ngc
chiu nhau c th gy ra nhng hng hc nng cho lng khun v li nu lp
nhm chiu .
trnh iu ny,thng dng cc cht dn hng c ng knh khc nhau
trong khun ,vi khun c 3 cht dn hng th 1 cht phI c ng knh
khc,hoc c th la chn v tr t ca 1 trong cc cht dn hng x dch
i mt cht ,cng v l do ,khun c 4 cht dn hng phi c hoc 1 l x
dch i hoc l c cc ng knh khc nhau.y l h thng cc thn khun
tiu chun.
-Bc m rng:
Bc m rng dng lp ghp gia tm kp pha sau v tm

* Cng dng v cu to:
Bc m rng c cng dng v cu to ging bc dn hng nhm trnh mi
mn, lm hng tm kp pha sau khi ngn v tm .
13,B nh v
Cng dng v cu to:
-B nh v c tc dng m bo cho s ph hp gia phn c nh v phn dch
chuyn ca khun
-Thng thng cc cht dn hng cng c th gi c mt thng hng s
b, song i vi khun chnh xc th dung sai ca cht dn hng v bc dn
hng l qu ln v th cn c b nh v
- Hnh (a) a ra b nh v m to c thng hng tt gia hai phn khun
-Hnh a ra b nh v t chnh xc hn b nh v ca hnh (a)nhng c u
im l nh c l xo nn v tr tng i c nh trc khi hai phn khun
- i vi loi sn phm ln, nht nh phi s dng b nh v. Trong trng
hp ny khun phi chu lc p mt bn , c bit l khi khun c in y
v cc cht dn hng khng c cc lc p mt bn ny. hnh (c) l b nh
v cI tin c th iu chnh c.

Chc nng ca vng nh v l t khun ng tm vo my gia cng nha.ni
chung,vng nh v ch dt khun trc nhng trong mt s trng hp n
cng la phn b xung khun sau.kch thc ca vng phi nh hn l m ca
my gia cng nha l 0.1mm vi dung sai nh nht 0.05.

14,H thng cht hi :
H thng cht hi c chc nng a tm y v pha sau v gi c nh tm y
trong khi khun ng hon ton. hi tm y v ta c th ding cht hi
hoc cht khuu.
1.Cht hi c l so:
i khi i vi cc khun nh v n gin ta khng cn l so
Cht hi c l so
Cht hi trn khun

2.Cht hi tiu chun

Nguyn l hot ng ca cht hi:


15, Cht y dng y sn phm ra khi khun khi m
Khong y :khong y phi ln hn t 5n 10mm so vi chiu cao ca sn
phm c ly ra t khun sau
Sau khi sn phm c c y ra,h thng y phi tr v v tr ban u
cc cht y khng lm hang cc lng khun trc khi ng khun.V th cn
mt cht hi,cht y v cht hi c t cng nhau. Phn nh cht y v l
thuyt ch nm ngang mc so vi lng khunnhng trong thc t ,c th l trn
di 0,05-0,1.Nh thit k
khun phi xem xt vi nh t
k sn phm .C th c mt c
li hay chi lm trn sn
phmkch thc ca cht y
cng quan trng.Kch thc ca
cht y ph thuc vo kch
thc ca sn phm,nhng
ch to khun cn trnh ng
knh nh hn 3mm,tr khi n cn thit cho sn phm.
hit
h
Thit k h thng y cn m bo l khonng lm yu khun sau.Nh v tr ca
sn phm v v tr ca cht hi ,khong trn cn thit di tm thng dng
m c th lm cho tm b un cong
t cc cht y vo ng v tr,cn phI c kin thc vng vng s l cc
trc chc c th sy ra,c th l trn ng gn,hoa vn v cc phn khc,c
bit l ch bao quanh phn thp.Khi nha c lm lnh s co li ca nha gy
ln ng sut.Ni chung thng t cht y ch c th sy ra trc chc,nha
co li d dng t trong cc thnh vin trong qu trnh lm lnh v y 4 cht
y l
16,Bc dn hng cht
Bc dn hng cht trnh hao mn v hang cht ,tm y v tm gi do
chuyn ng mnh gia chng
Chc nng l a khun sau v khun trc lm hai phn thng hng bc dn
Hng nm khun sau d iu khin y sn phm ra
Bc dn hng c nhiu loi v nhiu cch ch to khc nhau,kiu bc dn
hng d nht l khoan l chnh xc vo tm khun,tuy nhin s kh sa cha
khi chi tit b mn.T nhc im trn cc nh thit k a ra phng php tt
hn m trong bc dn hng di dng mt ming ghp.Cng c th bng
ng hoc ng thau hoc vi dng sn xut dng ln th dng thp ti
17,Cht
Cht dn hng chuyn ng v dn hng cho tm 5 khi b cong do p lc
y cao
18,Bc cung phun
Ni vi phun v knh nha vi nhau qua tm kp pha trc v tm khun trc


19.H thng lm ngui khun
Nha lng sau khi vo khun c lm ngui tht nhanh t c
hnh dng m ta mong mun. Nu lm ngui khun khng tt th nha s gia
nhit cho khun v th l qu trnh nh hnh s ko di lm tng thi gian chu
k p phun. Do h thng lm ngui khun ng mt vai tr rt quan trng v
n quyt nh ton b chu k p phun.
1.Cc phng php lm ngui:
1.2.Lm ngui bng kh: Khun c lm ngui bng kh nh s bc x nhit
ca thp lm khun ra mI trng xung quanh.

1.3.Lm ngui bng nc hoc hn hp Ethylene Glycol v nc:
y l phng php c s dng rng rI nht hin nay. Theo phng
php ny,khun c lm ngui nh vo cc knh dn cha cht lm ngui
c b tr trong cc tm khun.

2.Thit k h thng knh lm ngui:
2.1Cc b phn trong h thng:

A: B cha(Collection manifold).
B: Khun(Mold).
C: ng phn phi nc hoc hn hp lm ngui(Supply manifold).
D: Bm(Pump).
E: Knh lm ngui(Regular Cooling Channels).
F: ng dn(Hoses).
G: Vch lm ngui(Baffles).
H: B iu khin nhit(Temperature Controller).

2.2.Nhng iu cn lu khi thit k:
-m bo lm ngui u ton sn phm. Do cn ch n vic lm
ngui nhng phn dy nht ca sn phm.

-Knh lm ngui nn c t gn mt lng khun khi c th lm
ngui tt hn.
- ng knh knh lm ngui(thng ln hn 8mm) nn khng i trn
ton b chiu di knh trnh cn dng v s ngt nghn s lm cho trao i
nhit khng tt
- Nhit chnh lch gia u vo v u ra (t) nn nm trong khong t
2-3
0
C. Thng thng, nhit u vo nn thp hn nhit khun m ta
mong mun l 10-20
0
C. Nhit chnh lch gia cht lm ngui v thnh knh
lm ngui nn nm trong khong t 2-5
0
C l tt nht (theo ti liu Moldflow).
- Nn chia knh lm ngui thnh nhiu vng lm ngui. Khng nn thit
k chiu di knh lm ngui qu di v d dn n mt p v tng nhit trn n
khin t vt qu 3
0
C.

- Knh lm ngui phI c khoan c nhm to ra s chyri bn
trong knh. Dng chy ri s trao i nhit tt hn dng chy khng ri (chy
tng) t 3-5 ln.

Dng chy ri trao i nhit tt hn
- Dng chy ri c c trng bi s Reynold. Khi s Reynold >10000
ta c dng chy ri. Ta c th tham kho bng sau xc nh trng thI dng
chy.

- S Reynold c th c tnh theo cng thc sau:

d U. .
Re =
Trong : : T trng ring ca cht lm ngui (kg/m
3
)
U : Vn tc trung bnh ca dng cht lm ngui (m/s)
d : ng knh knh lm ngui(m)
: H s nht ca cht lm ngui (m
2
/s)
- Cn xem xt bn c ca tm khun khi khoan cc knh lm ngui .
2.3.Knh thc knh lm ngui cho thit k

2.4.Cc chi tit khun cn lm ngui.
a) Li khun v lng khun (chy khun v ci khun)
Trong qu trnh p phun li khun v lng khun lun lun tip xc trc tip
vi nha nng. Do , mun sn phm ngui nhanh, thi gian lm ngui ngn
li, gim chu k p phun th nht thit ta phI lm ngui chng.

b) Cht (hay li khun c kch thc nh):
- i vi nhng cht qu nh ta c th dng kh lm ngui cht hoc
dng hn cht lm bng ng hoc ng beryllium (v giI nhit tt)

- i vi nhng cht ln hn (d40mm) ta c th dng ng dn nhit t
cht xung knh lm ngui giI nhit.

2.5.Cc kiu b tr knh lm ngui:
a) B tr theo tng knh ring bit:

b) B tr kiu vng mt cp

Kiu b tr knh ngui theo tong knh ging bit

c) B tr kiu vng nhiu cp

2.5.Cc chi tit dng trong h thng lm ngui:
a) Cc nt chnh dng (Pressure plugs) :dng kho hoc iu khin dng
chy ca cht lm ngui trong knh lm ngui theo mun ca ngi thit k

b) Nt v que lm chch hng dng (Diverting plug and Rod ):

Mt loi nt v que lm lch hng dng
c) Cascade water junction : dng lm ngui cc li c cy vo khun hoc
nhng vng kh thit k knh lm ngui.


d) Vch trn(Bubbler tube) : l loi ng dng lm ngui nhng li nh c
cy vo khun

Lm ngui bng vch trn

e) Vch phng hoc vch xon(Baffle or Spiral baffle) : dng chia l khoan
lm ngui ra thnh hai phn.
Cc vch phng s gip cht
lm ngui chy ln xung
bn trong cc l khoan v
to ra dng chy ri bn
trong chng gip qu
trnh lm ngui din ra
nhanh hn

Mt s loi vch phng vch xon
f) ng dn nhit(Thermal pin): Dng lm ngui li cy hoc cc li trt
mt bn

g) u ni chuyn tip (Elbow): Dng ni cc on gp khc ca knh lm
ngui

h) u ni(Connector): Dng kt ni ng dn cht lm ngui vi knh lm
ngui.

i) ng phn phi cht lm ngui:

ng phn phi c lp trn khun

Mt s loi ng phn phi c ng h o p
3.Thi gian lm ngui:
Thi gian lm ngui chim t 70-80% chu k p phun. Do gim
phn ln thi gian chu k ta cn gim thi gian lm ngui

Thi gian lm ngui chim phn ln thi gian chu k
Thi gian lm ngui c th c tnh theo cng thc sau:

20.H thng dn nha
H thng dn nha lm nhim v a nha t vi phun ca my p phun
vo trong lng khun. Trc tin nguyn liu nha c y cung phun v
h thng knh nha dn n lng khun, to hnh khun bi nha b nng chy.
Khi nha nng chy chm vo khun lnh, nhanh chng b ng li, to thnh
1 lp v trong khi phn chnh vn cn l nha nng chy.
Lc u lp nha ng li rt mng v th nhit mt i rt nhanh, sau
cng nhiu nhit b mt i khi qua lp nha mng to nn lp nha ng dy
hn. Sau 1 thi gian, lp nha ng s t c dy nht nh th nhit thu
c t nha v nhit ma st sinh ra t dng chy s cn bng vi lng nhit
mt.
V nha dn nhit km nn lp v ngoi s ng vai tr l lp cch nhit
cho li trong ca nha nng chy v gi nhit cho li trong. Do nguyn liu
nha vn c th chy qua li gia trong qu trnh phun. Nu tc phun tng
th lp nha ng li s b mng i do nhit ma st sinh ra cao hn. Tng t
nh th, nng chy v nhit d ca khun cao s lm gim dy ca lp
nha ng li.
c c lp cch nhit bng phng, khng nn c gc nhn lm
cn tr dng chy. Hn na vng lm ngui chm kh qua c cui ca
cung phun v knh nha tt nht l lm gin nh dng cho vt liu cng, iu
ny cho php nha nng chy c th chy qua.
H thng dn nha gm c : Cung phun, Knh dn nha, Ming phun.

H thng dn nha
I- Cung phun ( Sprue): cung phun ni trc tip vi vi phun ca my p
phun a nha vo knh dn qua ming phun v vo cc lng
khun.

u cung phun nn cng nh cng tt nhng vn phi m bo s in
y ng u gia cc lng khun vi nhau. Gc cn ca cung phun cn phi
ln d thot khun nhng ng knh cung phun th ng qu ln v s
lm tng thi gian lm ngui v tn vt liu.

Kch thc cung phun cho thit k
Trn thc t ngi ta t khi gia cng l cung phun lin trn khun (tr
nhng khun n gin) m ngi ta dng bc cung phun tin vic gia cng
v thay th. Hin ti trn th trng c 3 loi bc cung phun ph bin c cc
ng knh ngoi 12mm, 16mm, 20mm. Tu thuc vo khi lng sn phm,
kch thc knh dn v ng knh ca vi phun trn my phun m ta dng loi
bc cun phun no cho ph hp.

Mt s loi bc cung phun

Mt s loi vng nh v

Bc cung phun trn khun
Trn khun, cung phun s c y ri khi khun cng lc vi sn
phm. Do cn c b phn ko cung phun li trn tm di dng ( tm khun
c) khi khun m m cung
phun c th ri khi bc cung
phun. Thm vo , ngi thit
k c th li dng phn nha
gi cung phun lm ui ngui
chm ( cold slug well) nh
m qu trnh in y cc lng
khun tt hn.

a) Dng cung phun c ko nh cn ngc ( tt nht )
b) Dng cung phun ch Z ( tt)
c) Dng cung phun c ko nh rnh vng ( t dng )
d) Dng cung phun c ko nh cht y u bi ( t dng)
II- Cc knh dn ( runners ):
Cc knh dn nha l cu ni gia cc ming phun v cung phun.
Chng lm nhim v a nha vo cc lng khun. V th khi thit
k chng cn phi tun th mt s nguyn tc k thut m bo
cht lng cho hu ht sn phm. Sau y l mt s nguyn tc m ta
cn phi tun th:
1. Gim n mcs ti thiu s thay i tit din knh dn.
2. Nha knh dn phi thot khun d dng.
3. Ton b chiu di knh dn nn cng ngn nu c th trnh
mt p v mt nhit trong qu trnh in y.
4. Mt ct knh dn phi ln m bo s in y cho ton
b sn phm.
1) Knh dn ngui:
a) Cc loi tit din ngang ca knh dn nha:
Knh dn c nhiu dng mt ct ngang khc nhau nhng ph bin
l cc loi knh dn c mt ct ngang hnh trn, hnh thang hiu
chnh, hnh
thang, hnh ch
nht v hnh bn
nguyt.

Tit din ngang ca mt s loi knh dn
Tu tng loi khun m ta thit k tit din knh dn cho ph hp. Mc d
loi knh dn c tit din ngang hnh trn l tt nht nhng gi thnh gia cng
rt cao nn trn thc t ngi ta hay dng knh dn c tit din ngang hnh
thang hiu chnh hoc hnh thang v gi thnh thp v d gia cng.
Loi knh dn c tit din ngang hnh thang thng dng trong khun 3
tm v loi khun ny mt phn khun s d b lch nu ta dng knh dn c
tit din ngang hnh trn.

Kh gia cng tit din ngang hnh trn
so snh cc loi knh dn ngi ta dng ch s ng knh thu lc
v s cn dng ( Hydraulic diameter and flow resistance). Khi ng knh cng
ln th s cn dng cng b . Ta c th tnh ng knh thu lc da vo cng
thc sau:
D
h
= 4A/P
D
h
: ng knh thu lc
A: din tch mt ct ngang.
P: chu vi
b)Kch thc ca knh dn:
Vic tnh ton c c ng knh v chiu di knh dn hp l l rt
quan trng v khi mt knh dn qu ln hay qu di s lm cn tr dng chy
v gy ra: mt p trn chnh n, tn nhiu vt liu v lm tng thi gian chu k.
Do , ta nn thit k knh dn nh mc c th c th li dng nhit ma
st trn n gia nhit cho nha lng gip cho qu trnh in y khun thun li
hn v t b qu nhit.

Kch thc cho thit k knh dn
Ngoi ra, ta c th tnh ton kch thc knh dn theo cc cng thc sau:

1/ 2 1/ 4
.
3, 7
W L
D = Trong : D l ng knh knh dn (mm)
W: l khi lng sn phm (mm)
L: chiu di knh dn (mm)
Hoc:
D= D. f
L
Trong : D l
ng knh knh
dn tham kho
f
L
l h s c
di
hiu
Ta c th dng
th sau xc inh
hai h s ny:

Quan h gia khi lng, b dy danh ngha ca sn phm vi ng knh knh
dn tham kho.

Quan h gia h s chiu di v chiu di knh dn
Kch thc knh dn chnh: mi ln r nhnh th ng knh knh dn
nhnh nn nh hn ng knh knh dn chnh mt cht v s kinh t hn nu
ta dng t vt liu. Cng thc tnh ng knh knh dn chnh:
D
c
: ng knh knh dn chnh (mm)
D
n
: ng knh knh dn nhnh (mm)
D
c
= D
n
. N
1/3

N: s nhnh r
ui ngui chm trn k
nhnh khng b ng c sm
gy nghn dng ta nn thit k
thm ui ngui chm. ui
ngui chm s gip cho qua
trnh in y din ra nhanh v
tt hn.
nh dn v cung phun: phn vt liu ch r

Kch thc thit k ui ngui chm

Loi knh dn u im Nhc im

T l th tch qua mt
ct ngang l ln nht.
knh dn ngui
sau cng v duy tr p
Vic gia cng rt kh
khn v cn gia cng
trn hai na khun v
phi m bo s ng
tm ca hai na vng
trn
Tc ngui chm.
t mt nhit v t ma
st.
Tm
sut gi.

D gia cng hn so vi
knh dn trn (full
round) v ch cn gia
cng trn mt tm
khun.
Mt nhit v tn nhiu
vt liu hn so vi knh
dn trn.

D gia cng Mt nhit nhiu hn so
hiu chnh (Modified
trapeziod)
vi knh dn hnh thang

D gia cng Lm nh mt ct ngang.
p.
thot khun.
Gim kh nng truyn
Kh

D gia cng Din tch mt ct ngang
nh nht.
Khng tt bng cc loi
knh dn khc.
Truyn p rt t.
Ma st rt ln.
2) Knh dn nng ( khun khng knh dn ):
Knh dn nng c dng cho nhng sn phm c kch thc ln (v
tivi, vi tnh, cc chi tit trn xe hi...) hoc mng hoc lm bng loi nha
cn phi duy tr nhit chy do nh: HDPE, LDPE, POM, PBT... Bn trong
knh dn nha s lun c duy tr trng thi chy do m bo sn
phm c in y ng b.

Mt s h thng knh dn nng
a) Cc loi knh dn nng:

C hai loi knh dn nng: knh dn cch ly v knh dn gia nhit
Knh dn cch ly c cu to gm mt lp nha ngui ng
vai tr lm lp cch ly v mt li nha lun c duy tr
trng thi chy do nh ng nhit in. Bn trong ng nhit
in l cht nhn c th chuyn ng ln xung ng ngt
dng phun nha. Nh vy, kch thc ming phun ln hay nh
s tu thuc vo khe h m cht cho dng nha chy qua.

Knh dn cch ly
u im:
- D thit k.
- Gi thnh thp.
- Tit kim vt liu do ph liu knh dn.
Nhc im:
- Thi gian chu k qu ngn duy tr trng thi chy do cho
nha.
- Cn khong thi gian khi ng di n nh nhit chy
do.
- i khi gp mt s li trong qu trnh in y
- Kh i c mu vt liu.
Knh dn c gia nhit (heated runners)
Knh dn c gia nhit gm hai loi: loi gia nhit trong v loi gia nhit
ngoi. Knh dn gia nhit ngoi c b gia nhit bao quanh li nha nng. Cn
knh dn gia nhit trong th nha bao quanh cht nng. Tng t nh knh dn
cch ly, lu lng phun c iu khin bi s di chuyn ca cht.
Mt s loi knh dn gia nhit ngoi thng dng:
Loi mt u phun:


Loi nhiu u phun:

Cu to knh dn gia
nhit ngoi
Mt s loi knh dn gia nhit trong thng dng:

Cu to knh dn gia nhit trong

b) Cu to h thng knh dn c gia nhit in hnh:

u nhc im ca cc knh dn c gia nhit:
Gia nhit trong Ci thin vic phn b
nhit
Gi thnh cao v thit k
phc tp.
Phi tnh n s gin n
nhit khc nhau ca cc
b phn khun.
Kh khn trong vic iu
khin nhit.
Gia nhit ngoi Ci thin vic phn phi
nhit .
iu khin nhit tt
hn
phc tp.
Phi tnh n s gin n
nhit khc nhau ca cc
b phn trn khun.

3) Ming phun cho knh dn ngui:
Ming phun l ng ni knh dn v lng khun. Ming phun c chc
nng rt quan trng l a nha lng in y lng khun v th vic tnh ton
kch thc v b tr ming phun c ngha quyt nh n cht lng sn
phm.
Ming phun trn khun
a) Phn loi ming phun:
+ Ming phun ct bng
tay:

Ming phun ct bng tay l loi ming phun dnh theo sn phm sau khi
p phun. Ta d dng nhnbit cc sn phm nha c ming phun ct bng tay
qua vt ct cn li trn b mt ca chng. Do , vi loi ming phun ny nn
thit k kch thc nh mc c th m bo tnh thm m cho sn phm.
Mt vi l do dng kiu ming phun ct bng tay:
- Sn phm cn ming phun ln gip in y tt.
- Sn phm lm bng vt liu t b bin dng.
- Cn tit din rng c s phn phi lu lng ng thi nh
m cc phn t si t c s nh hng c trng.
+ Ming phun t ct:
Ming phun t ct l loi ming phun t ri sn phm sau khi khun m.
iu ny t c nh vo kt cu khun (khun ba tm) hoc h thng y
cung phun v sn phm.
Mt s l do dng ming phun kiu t ct:
- Khng phi thm nguyn cng ct hon thin sn phm
- Tnh thm m ca sn phm (sn phm s c vt ming phun
rt nh)
- Gi thi gian chu k cn thit hu nh khng i qua tt c
cc ln phun.
b) Cc loi ming phun ct bng tay:
Ming phun trc tip (Sprue gate or direct gate):Loi ming phun trc
tip thng dng cho cc khun c mt lng khun, ni m vt liu c in
y vo khun mt cch trc tip m khng qua h thng knh dn. Chnh v
khng c h thng knh dn nn vic mt p trong qu trnh in y l rt b.
Tuy nhin, nhc im ca ming phun loi ny l li vt ct ln trn b mt
sn phm. S co rt c quyt nh bi b dy ca sn phm v ng knh
ming phun. in hnh l s co rt ca phn nha gn ming phun s nh v ti
ming phun s ln. iu ny a n hu qu l ng sut cng gn ming phun
ln.

Ming phun trc tip v vt ct ca n trn sn phm
Kch thc khuyn dng cho thit k:

Kch thc cho thit k ming phun trc tip
Ming phun kiu bng (Tab gate):
Ming phun kiu bng thng dng lm gim ng sut trong lng khun v
ngn nga li to ui cho cc chi tit phng v mng. ng sut sinh ra trong
lng khun s c tp trung bng, m s c ct b sau khi p phun.
Ming phun kiu bng ph hp dng cho cc loi nha PC, SAN, ABS...

Ming phun kiu bng v vt ct ca n trn sn phm

Kch thc cho thit k ming phun kiu bng

Ming phun cnh (Edge gate):L loi ming phun thng dng, c th
dng cho nhiu loi sn phm bi kt cu rt n gin v khng cn chnh
xc cao.
Ming phun kiu cnh c t trn mt phn khun v in y lng khun t
bn hng, trn hay di.

Ming phun kiu cnh v vt ct ca n trn sn phm

Kch thc cho thit k ming phun cnh

Ming phun kiu gi (Overlap gate):L loi ming phun tng t nh ming
phun kiu cnh, ch khc nhau ch l ming phun nm lp trn b mt sn
phm.

Ming phun kiu gi
Ming phun kiu qut:Ming phun kiu qut thc cht cng l ming
phun cnh c b rng b bin i. Ming phun kiu ny todng chy m v
cho php in y lng khun mt cch nhanh chng nn rt ph hp cho
nhng sn phm ln v dy. Thm vo , ming phun kiu qut cng to ra
dng chy lan to nn gip trnh c ng hn ni c b dy mng trn
sn phm.

Knh dn nha kiu qut v vt ct ca n trn sn phm
Ming phun kiu qut nn c lm cn c b rng ln b dy c mt ct
ngang khng i. iu ny gip m bo:
+ Vn tc chy l hng s.
+ Ton b b rng c dng cho lu lng.
+ p sut l nh nhau qua ton b rng.

Kch thc cho thit k ming phun kiu qut
Ming phun kiu a (Disgate or diaphragm gate):Ming phun kiu a
thng dng cho cc chi tit c dng tr rng m c yu cu cao v ng
tm v khng c ng hn. Ming phun kiu ny thc cht l ming phun
mng bao vng quanh thnh sn phm. Khi nha qua cung phun, nh mng
phun vng quanh thnh sn phm m lng khun c in y mt cch ng
u.

Sn phm vi ming phun kiu a

Kch thc thit k cho ming phun kiu a
Ming phun kiu vng (Ring gate):
Ming phun kiu vng thch hp cho nhng sn phm c dng tr rng
v gip hn ch vt hn, kt kh trong qu trnh in y v gim ng sut tp
trung quanh ming phun. C hai loi ming phun kiu vng: kiu vng ngoi v
kiu vng
.
a) Ming phun kiu vng ngoi
b) Ming phun kiu vng trong
D = S +1,5 - (4/3)S +k (mm)
L = 0,5 1,5 (mm)
H = (2/3)S 2 (mm)
r = 0,2 S (mm)
k= 2mm vi sn phm c di dng chy
ngn v dy.
k =4 i vi sn phm c di dng chy di v mng.

Ming phun kiu nan hoa (Spoke gate or spider gate):
Ming phun kiu nan hoa thng dng cho sn phm c hnh n, d ct
b v tit kim vt liu. Nhc im ca loi ming phun ny l sn
phm c th b nhiu ng hn v khng trn hon ton.

Ming phun kiu nan hoa
Kch thc khuyn dng cho thit k: b dy 0.08 4.8, b rng 1,6
6,4
Ming phun kiu mng (Flash gate):Ming phun kiu mng ph hp cho sn
phm ln v phng (c bit l sn phm lm bng nha Acrylic ) v n gip
gim cong vnh cho sn phm nh s phn b nha ng u.

Ming phun kiu mng v vt ct li ca n trn sn phm

D = S (4/3) S+k (mm)
k = 2 vi sn phm c di dng chy
ngn v dy.
k = 4 vi sn phm c di dng chy di
v mng.
L = 0,5 2 (mm)
H = (0,2 0,7) S (mm)Kch thc thit k cho ming phun kiu mng
c) Ming phun t ct:
Ming phun im (Point gate):Ming phun kiu im thng c dng
trong khun 3 tm c nhiu lng khun hay c kch thc lng khun ln.
Khi thit k
ming phun
im , ngi ta
thng dng
knh dn dng
hnh thang hay
hnh thang b
i tin v
gia cng v l
cht ko h
thng knh d
ming phun
ri sn phm
d dng hn.
in
ic
p
n
Ming phun im v vt ct ca n li trn sn phm
u im chnh ca ming phun im l gip b tr nhiu ming phun vo
cng mt lng khun khi lng khun c kch thc ln. iu ny gip qu
trnh in y ng thi gia cc vng khc nhau trn sn phm din ra nh
chng v tt hn. Tuy nhin, cn lu khun c th b tng nhit gy qu
nhit i vi nhng vt liu c cu trc si di v nht thp do ming phun
c kch thc nh.
anh

Kch thc cho thit k ming phun im

Cc kiu l cht ko knh dn
Ming phun ngm (Tunnel gate or submarine gate):
Ming phun ngm thng c dng trong khun hai tm c nhiu lng khun.
Khi thit k sn phm nh v cn ct keo mt bn ta nn ngh n kiu ming
phun ny.

Ming phun ngm v vt ct ca n li trn sn phm
C hai loi ming phun ngm: ming phun ngm dng thng v ming
phun ngm dng cong.
Ming phun ngm dng thng:

Cc loi ming phun ngm dng thng


Qu trnh ct ming phun ngm dng thng

Kch thc cho thit k ming phun ngm tiu chun


Kch thc thit k cho ming phun ngm hiu chnh
Ming phun ngm dng cong:

Qu trnh ct ming phun ngm dng cong
Kch
thc
khuyn
dng cho
thit k:

Kch thc cho thit k kn dn v ming phun kiu ngm

Kch thc cho thit k ming phun ngm dng con
4) Ming phun ca knh dn nng:
Ming phun loi ny c tiu chun ho cng vi h thng knh dn
v cun phun. Do , khi cn dng ta ch vic lin h vi cc nh sn xut v
tip thu cc li khuyn t h c c thit k thch hp.
Kiu khng c van: ming phun kiu ny s b ngt khi khun m
ra v nha ming phun rt nng. S nh hnh ca sn phm c iu khin
bi phn nha ng cng gn ming phun.

Ming phun khng c van
Kiu c van: trong knh dn c thm vo mt cht, cht ny c tc dng
nh mt van c th ng ming phun ngay trc khi nha gn ming phun
ng c. iu ny ch php tng ng knh ming phun ln hn v iu khin
qu trnh nh hnh tt hn.

Ming phun kiu c van
5) Li khuyn cho thit k ming phun trong h thng knh dn ngui:
Li khuyn chung t c hiu qu tt trong vic thit k ming
phun l dng phn mm m phng qu trnh in y lng khun thy c
cc khuyt tt trn sn phm sau khi p phun. Khi thit k ming phun cn lu
mt s iu sau:
a) V tr:
- Nu c th nn t ming phun ch dy nht ca sn phm. Khng nn
t ming phun nhng vng chuyn tip t dy sang mng trnh s
ngc ng dng chy v vt lm hay l trng trn sn phm.
- Nu c th nn b tr ming phun i din vi cc rnh thot kh kh
trong lng khun b y ra ngoi hon ton.
- B tr ming phun hn ch ng hn t nht.
- m bo hng dng chy to ra s in y ng b trn ton b sn
phm. iu ny gip trnh c hin tng kt kh trong qu trnh in y.
Nu kh b kt th sn phm s d c nhng vt chy en.
- Khng nn t ming phun ti nhng vng chu lc trn sn phm v
vng gn ming phun sau qu trnh p phun cn tn ti ng sut d nn rt
d b hng khi chu lc.
b) Kch thc:
- Ming phun phi c kch thc v v tr thch hp trnh hin tng
to ui trn sn phm.
- Trong trng hp khun c nhiu lng khun th tt c cc ming phun
nn cng kch thc (ng knh, b dy... ) c c s cn bng dng
v p.
c) Tnh thm m: vt ming phun c th nh hng n tm thm m ca sn
phm v vy nn t ming phun nhng ch khut ca sn phm.
p dng vo thc t:
Vi sn phm bnh rng trong my in Canon c kt cu kh n gin, b
khun gia cng cng lc bn bnh rng:

Da vo kh nng gia cng khun thc t ta thit k h thng knh dn nh
sau:
Cung phun: ch to mt cung phun tiu chun c
cn trong l 1
0
l rt kh khn, tn thi gian, hiu sut lm
vic khng cao, do ta dng loi bc cung phun tiu chun c sn trn th
trng.
Knh dn: Dng loi knh dn ngui. Tit din ngang
Ming phun: Dng ming phun kiu cnh, in y lng khun t bn
trn

Thit k lng khun
1) S lng khun:
Ta c th cn nhc chn s lng khun ph hp nh cc thng tin
sau:
+ Kch c ca my p phun (nng sut phun ln nht v lc kp
ln nht).
+ Thi gian giao hng.
+ Yu cu v cht lng sn phm.
+ Kt cu v kch thc khun.
+ Gi thnh khun.
S lng khun thng thng c thit k theo dy s:
2,4,6,8,12,24,32,48,64,96,128 v cc lng khun s d dng c xp
theo hnh ch nht hoc hnh trn.
Thng thng ta c th tnh s lng khun cn thit trn khun bng
cch da vo: s lng sn phm, nng sut phun v nng sut lm do
ca my p phun, lc kp khun ca my.
a) S lng khun tnh theo s lng sn phm trong n t hng:
N = L x K x t
c
/(24 x 3600 x t
m
)
Trong :
n : s lng khun ti thiu trn khun.
L : s sn phm trong mt l sn xut.
K : h s do ph phm, K = l/(l K). Vi k l t l ph phm.
t
c
: thi gian ca mt chu k p phun (s).
t
m
: thi gian hon tt l sn phm (ngy)
b) S lng khun tnh theo chu k p phun:
N = 0,8 x S/W
Trong :
N : s lng khun ti thiu trn khun.
S : nng sut phun ca my (gam/mt ln phun).
W: trng lng ca sn phm (g).
c) S lng khun tnh theo nng sut lm do ca my:
n = P / (X x W)
trong :
P: nng sut lm do ca my (g/ph).
X : tn s phun (c lng) trong 1 pht (l/ph)
W : trng lng ca sn phm (g).
d) S lng khun tnh theo lc kp khun ca my:
N = (S x P)/F
P
Trong :
F
P
: lc kp khun ti a ca my (N).
S: din tch b mt trung bnh ca sn phm k c cc rnh dng
theo hng ng khun (mm
2
).
P : p sut trong khun (Mpa).
2) Cc cch b tr lng khun.

Cch b tr lng khun hnh ch nht

Cch b tr lng khun dng trn v dng cong
3) Mt phn khun
Mt phn khun cn b tr hp l thot khun d dng, m bo
khng c sai st trn cc b mt chu lc, cc b mt quan trng.
Mt sn phm c th c nhiu mt phn khun. iu ny cn tu thuc
vo s phc tp ca hnh dng sn phm.
H thng y
Sau khi sn phm c lm ngui, khun c m ra. Sn
phm vn b dnh trn ci khun do s ht ca chn khng, khi
cn c mt h thng y sn phm ra.
C nhiu loi h thng y khc nhau:
1.H thng y dng cht y

Nhng cht y phi cc chnh xc, c chn theo tiu
chun. Do h thng cht y c xuyn qua tm gi, tm ,
khun sau v th phn dn hng phi c gia cng rt chnh
xc. cng ca thn cht khong 60-65Rc, cng ca u
cht khong 30-35Rc.
Mt s loi cht y


2.H thng y dng li y

Li y dng y sn phm c thnh mng v hnh
dng phc tp. Trng hp ny nu ta dung cht y s khong
hiu qu hn. Bi s khng lc, m nu c lc th khi y
s li du vt trn sn phm.
3.H thng y dng ng y

Dng y sn phm c dng trn xoay hoc tm mng
4.H thng y dng tm tho

Dng tho nhng sn phm c hnh tr trn hay hnh
hp ch nht c b dy thnh mng. H thng ny m bo cho
sn phm dy ra s khng c vt.
5.H thng y dng kh nn


i vi nhng sn phm c lng khun su nh: x
chu..... Khi ngui th chn khng trong lng khun v li
khun rt ln nn y sn phm ra l rt phc tp. V th phi c
mt lc ln v phn b lc phn tn u trn sn phm. H
thng dng kh nn p ng c yu cu .
*Mt s h thng y c bit
+y hai tng


+H thng y knh dn trong khun 3 tm

C cu hot ng nh h thng iu khin bng kh nn
gip a knh dn ri khun d dng.
*Khi thit k h thng y ta phi ch i iu
Tm y lun c lp na khun di ng, Tr trng
hp c bit mi c lp na khun c nh
Cc cht, li y thng c b tr gc, cnh, gn ca
sm phm
Hnh trnh y nn bng chiu su ln nht ca sn phm
theo hng m khun cng thm 5-10mm
Cc nh cht dy ln lm ngang mc so vi mt phn
khun m bo khng li vt trn mt sn phm. Hn hu
trng hp vn li vt nhng mt khut sn phm vn chp
nhn c. Khong chnh lch gia nh cht v mt phn
khun c th chp nhn c: 0,05-0,1mm
dy tm y c th chn theo din tch mt sn phm

H thng lm ngui khun:
Nha lng sau khi vo khun c lm ngui tht nhanh t
c hnh dng m ta mong mun. Nu lm ngui khun khng tt th
nha s gia nhit cho khun v th l qu trnh nh hnh s ko di lm
tng thi gian chu k p phun. Do h thng lm ngui khun ng mt
vai tr rt quan trng v n quyt nh ton b chu k p phun.
1.Cc phng php lm ngui:
1.2.Lm ngui bng kh: Khun c lm ngui bng kh nh s bc x
nhit ca thp lm khun ra mI trng xung quanh.

1.3.Lm ngui bng nc hoc hn hp Ethylene Glycol v nc:
y l phng php c s dng rng rI nht hin nay. Theo
phng php ny,khun c lm ngui nh vo cc knh dn cha cht
lm ngui c b tr trong cc tm khun.


2.Thit k h thng knh lm ngui:
2.1Cc b phn trong h thng:

A: B cha(Collection manifold).
B: Khun(Mold).
C: ng phn phi nc hoc hn hp lm ngui(Supply manifold).
D: Bm(Pump).
E: Knh lm ngui(Regular Cooling Channels).
F: ng dn(Hoses).
G: Vch lm ngui(Baffles).
H: B iu khin nhit(Temperature Controller).

2.2.Nhng iu cn lu khi thit k:
-m bo lm ngui u ton sn phm. Do cn ch n vic
lm ngui nhng phn dy nht ca sn phm.
-Knh lm ngui nn c t gn mt lng khun khi c th
lm ngui tt hn.
- ng knh knh lm ngui(thng ln hn 8mm) nn khng i
trn ton b chiu di knh trnh cn dng v s ngt nghn s lm cho
trao i nhit khng tt
- Nhit chnh lch gia u vo v u ra (t) nn nm trong
khong t 2-3
0
C. Thng thng, nhit u vo nn thp hn nhit
khun m ta mong mun l 10-20
0
C. Nhit chnh lch gia cht lm
ngui v thnh knh lm ngui nn nm trong khong t 2-5
0
C l tt nht
(theo ti liu Moldflow).
- Nn chia knh lm ngui thnh nhiu vng lm ngui. Khng nn
thit k chiu di knh lm ngui qu di v d dn n mt p v tng
nhit trn n khin t vt qu 3
0
C.
- Knh lm ngui phI c khoan c nhm to ra s chyri
bn trong knh. Dng chy ri s trao i nhit tt hn dng chy khng
ri (chy tng) t 3-5 ln.
- Dng chy ri c c trng bi s Reynold. Khi s Reynold
>10000 ta c dng chy ri. Ta c th tham kho bng sau xc nh
trng thI dng chy.
- S Reynold c th c tnh theo cng thc sau:

d U. .
Re =
Trong : : T trng ring ca cht lm ngui (kg/m
3
)
U : Vn tc trung bnh ca dng cht lm ngui
(m/s)
d : ng knh knh lm ngui(m)
: H s nht ca cht lm ngui (m
2
/s)
- Cn xem xt bn c ca tm khun khi khoan cc knh lm
ngui .
2.3.Knh thc knh lm ngui cho thit k

2.4.Cc chi tit khun cn lm ngui.
a) Li khun v lng khun (chy khun v ci khun)
Trong qu trnh p phun li khun v lng khun lun lun tip xc trc
tip vi nha nng. Do , mun sn phm ngui nhanh, thi gian lm
ngui ngn li, gim chu k p phun th nht thit ta phI lm ngui
chng.


b) Cht (hay li khun c kch thc nh):
- i vi nhng cht qu nh ta c th dng kh lm ngui cht
hoc dng hn cht lm bng ng hoc ng beryllium (v giI nhit tt)

- i vi nhng cht ln hn (d40mm) ta c th dng ng dn
nhit t cht xung knh lm ngui giI nhit.

2.5.Cc kiu b tr knh lm ngui:
a) B tr theo tng knh ring bit:

b) B tr kiu vng mt cp

c) B tr kiu vng nhiu cp

2.5.Cc chi tit dng trong h thng lm ngui:
a) Cc nt chnh dng (Pressure plugs) :dng kho hoc iu khin
dng chy ca cht lm ngui trong knh lm ngui theo mun ca
ngi thit k

b) Nt v que lm chch hng dng (Diverting plug and Rod ):

c) Cascade water junction : dng lm ngui cc li c cy vo khun
hoc nhng vng kh thit k knh lm ngui.

d) Vch trn(Bubbler tube) : l loi ng dng lm ngui nhng li nh
c cy vo khun

e) Vch phng hoc vch xon(Baffle or Spiral baffle) : dng chia l
khoan lm ngui ra thnh hai phn. Cc vch phng s gip cht lm
ngui chy ln xung bn trong cc l khoan v to ra dng chy ri bn
trong chng gip qu trnh lm ngui din ra nhanh hn

f)ng dn nhit(Thermal pin): Dng lm ngui li cy hoc cc li
trt mt bn

g) u ni chuyn tip(Elbow): Dng ni cc on gp khc ca knh
lm ngui

h) u ni(Connector): Dng kt ni ng dn cht lm ngui vi knh
lm ngui.

i) ng phn phi cht lm ngui:

3.Thi gian lm ngui:
Thi gian lm ngui chim t 70-80% chu k p phun. Do
gim phn ln thi gian chu k ta cn gim thi gian lm ngui

Thi gian lm ngui c th c tnh theo cng thc sau:

H thng dn nha
H thng dn nha lm nhim v a nha t vi phun ca my p phun
vo trong lng khun. Trc tin nguyn liu nha c y cung phun v
h thng knh nha dn n lng khun, to hnh khun bi nha b nng chy.
Khi nha nng chy chm vo khun lnh, nhanh chng b ng li, to thnh 1
lp v trong khi phn chnh vn cn l nha nng chy.
Lc u lp nha ng li rt mng v th nhit mt i rt nhanh, sau
cng nhiu nhit b mt i khi qua lp nha mng to nn lp nha ng dy
hn. Sau 1 thi gian, lp nha ng s t c dy nht nh th nhit thu
c t nha v nhit ma st sinh ra t dng chy s cn bng vi lng nhit
mt.
V nha dn nhit km nn lp v ngoi s ng vai tr l lp cch nhit
cho li trong ca nha nng chy v gi nhit cho li trong. Do nguyn liu
nha vn c th chy qua li gia trong qu trnh phun. Nu tc phun tng
th lp nha ng li s b mng i do nhit ma st sinh ra cao hn. Tng t
nh th, nng chy v nhit d ca khun cao s lm gim dy ca lp
nha ng li.
c c lp cch nhit bng phng, khng nn c gc nhn lm cn
tr dng chy. Hn na vng lm ngui chm kh qua c cui ca cung
phun v knh nha tt nht l lm gin nh dng cho vt liu cng, iu ny cho
php nha nng chy c th chy qua.
H thng dn nha gm c : Cung phun, Knh dn nha, Ming phun.

H thnG dn nha
III- Cung phun ( Sprue): cung phun ni trc tip vi vi phun ca my
p phun a nha vo knh dn qua ming phun v vo cc lng
khun.

u cung phun nn cng nh cng tt nhng vn phi m bo s in
y ng u gia cc lng khun vi nhau. Gc cn ca cung phun cn phi
ln d thot khun nhng ng knh cung phun th ng qu ln v s
lm tng thi gian lm ngui v tn vt liu.

Kch thc cung phun cho thit k
Trn thc t ngi ta t khi gia cng l cung phun lin trn khun (tr
nhng khun n gin) m ngi ta dng bc cung phun tin vic gia cng
v thay th. Hin ti trn th trng c 3 loi bc cung phun ph bin c cc
ng knh ngoi 12mm, 16mm, 20mm. Tu thuc vo khi lng sn phm,
kch thc knh dn v ng knh ca vi phun trn my phun m ta dng loi
bc cun phun no cho ph hp.

Mt s loi bc cung phun

Mt s loi vng nh v


Bc cung phun trn khun
Trn khun, cung phun s c y ri khi khun cng lc vi sn
phm. Do cn c b phn ko cung phun li trn tm di dng ( tm khun
c) khi khun m m cung phun c th ri khi bc cung phun. Thm vo
, ngi thit k c th li dng phn nha gi cung phun lm ui ngui
chm ( cold slug well) nh m qu trnh in y cc lng khun tt hn.

e) Dng cung phun c ko nh cn ngc ( tt nht )
f) Dng cung phun ch Z ( tt)
g) Dng cung phun c ko nh rnh vng ( t dng )
h) Dng cung phun c ko nh cht y u bi ( t dng)
IV- Cc knh dn ( runners ):
Cc knh dn nha l cu ni gia cc ming phun v cung phun.
Chng lm nhim v a nha vo cc lng khun. V th khi thit k
chng cn phi tun th mt s nguyn tc k thut m bo cht
lng cho hu ht sn phm. Sau y l mt s nguyn tc m ta cn
phi tun th:
5. Gim n mcs ti thiu s thay i tit din knh dn.
6. Nha knh dn phi thot khun d dng.
7. Ton b chiu di knh dn nn cng ngn nu c th trnh
mt p v mt nhit trong qu trnh in y.
8. Mt ct knh dn phi ln m bo s in y cho ton
b sn phm.
6) Knh dn ngui:
b) Cc loi tit din ngang ca knh dn nha:
Knh dn c nhiu dng mt ct ngang khc nhau nhng ph bin
l cc loi knh dn c mt ct ngang hnh trn, hnh thang hiu
chnh, hnh thang, hnh ch nht v hnh bn nguyt.

Tit din ngang ca mt s loi knh dn
Tu tng loi khun m ta thit k tit din knh dn cho ph hp. Mc d loi
knh dn c tit din ngang hnh trn l tt nht nhng gi thnh gia cng rt
cao nn trn thc t ngi ta hay dng knh dn c tit din ngang hnh thang
hiu chnh hoc hnh thang v gi thnh thp v d gia cng.
Loi knh dn c tit din ngang hnh thang thng dng trong khun 3
tm v loi khun ny mt phn khun s d b lch nu ta dng knh dn c
tit din ngang hnh trn.

Kh gia cng tit din ngang hnh trn
so snh cc loi knh dn ngi ta dng ch s ng knh thu lc v
s cn dng ( Hydraulic diameter and flow resistance). Khi ng knh cng ln
th s cn dng cng b . Ta c th tnh ng knh thu lc da vo cng thc
sau:
D
h
= 4A/P
D
h
: ng knh thu lc
A: din tch mt ct ngang.
P: chu vi
b)Kch thc ca knh dn:
Vic tnh ton c c ng knh v chiu di knh dn hp l l rt
quan trng v khi mt knh dn qu ln hay qu di s lm cn tr dng chy v
gy ra: mt p trn chnh n, tn nhiu vt liu v lm tng thi gian chu k. Do
, ta nn thit k knh dn nh mc c th c th li dng nhit ma st trn
n gia nhit cho nha lng gip cho qu trnh in y khun thun li hn v t
b qu nhit.

Kch thc cho thit k knh dn
Ngoi ra, ta c th tnh ton kch thc knh dn theo cc cng thc sau:
1/ 2 1/ 4
.
3, 7
W L
D =
Trong : D l ng knh knh dn (mm)
W: l khi lng sn phm (mm)
L: chiu di knh dn (mm)
Hoc: D= D. f
L
Trong : D l ng knh knh dn tham kho
f
L
l h s chiu di

Ta c th dng th sau xc inh hai h s ny:

Quan h gia khi lng, b dy danh ngha ca sn phm vi ng knh knh
dn tham kho.

Quan h gia h s chiu di v chiu di knh dn

Kch thc knh dn chnh: mi ln r nhnh th ng knh knh dn
nhnh nn nh hn ng knh knh dn chnh mt cht v s kinh t hn nu ta
dng t vt liu. Cng thc tnh ng knh knh dn chnh:
D
c
: ng knh knh dn chnh (mm)
D
n
: ng knh knh dn nhnh (mm)
D
c
= D
n
. N
1/3

N: s nhnh r
ui ngui chm trn knh dn v cung phun: phn vt liu ch r
nhnh khng b ng c sm gy nghn dng ta nn thit k thm ui ngui
chm. ui ngui chm s gip cho qua trnh in y din ra nhanh v tt hn.

Kch thc thit k ui ngui chm

T l th tch qua mt
ct ngang l ln nht.
Tc ngui chm.
t mt nhit v t ma st.
Tm knh dn ngui
sau cng v duy tr p
sut gi.
Vic gia cng rt kh
khn v cn gia cng
trn hai na khun v
phi m bo s ng
tm ca hai na vng
trn

D gia cng hn so vi
knh dn trn (full
round) v ch cn gia
cng trn mt tm
khun.
Mt nhit v tn nhiu
vt liu hn so vi knh
dn trn.

D gia cng Mt nhit nhiu hn so
vi knh dn hnh thang
hiu chnh (Modified
trapeziod)

D gia cng Lm nh mt ct ngang.
Gim kh nng truyn
p.
Kh thot khun.

D gia cng Din tch mt ct ngang
nh nht.
Khng tt bng cc loi
knh dn khc.
Truyn p rt t.
Ma st rt ln.
7) Knh dn nng ( khun khng knh dn ):
Knh dn nng c dng cho nhng sn phm c kch thc ln (v tivi,
vi tnh, cc chi tit trn xe hi...) hoc mng hoc lm bng loi nha cn
phi duy tr nhit chy do nh: HDPE, LDPE, POM, PBT... Bn trong knh
dn nha s lun c duy tr trng thi chy do m bo sn phm c
in y ng b.

Mt s h thng knh dn nng
c) Cc loi knh dn nng:
C hai loi knh dn nng: knh dn cch ly v knh dn gia nhit
Knh dn cch ly c cu to gm mt lp nha ngui ng vai
tr lm lp cch ly v mt li nha lun c duy tr trng
thi chy do nh ng nhit in. Bn trong ng nhit in l
cht nhn c th chuyn ng ln xung ng ngt dng
phun nha. Nh vy, kch thc ming phun ln hay nh s tu
thuc vo khe h m cht cho dng nha chy qua.

Knh dn cch ly
u im:
- D thit k.
- Gi thnh thp.
- Tit kim vt liu do ph liu knh dn.
Nhc im:
- Thi gian chu k qu ngn duy tr trng thi chy do cho
nha.
- Cn khong thi gian khi ng di n nh nhit chy do.
- i khi gp mt s li trong qu trnh in y
- Kh i c mu vt liu.
Knh dn c gia nhit (heated runners)
Knh dn c gia nhit gm hai loi: loi gia nhit trong v loi gia nhit
ngoi. Knh dn gia nhit ngoi c b gia nhit bao quanh li nha nng. Cn
knh dn gia nhit trong th nha bao quanh cht nng. Tng t nh knh dn
cch ly, lu lng phun c iu khin bi s di chuyn ca cht.

Mt s loi knh dn gia nhit ngoi thng dng:
Loi mt u phun:

Loi nhiu u phun:

Cu to knh dn gia nhit ngoi

Mt s loi knh dn gia nhit trong thng dng:

Cu to knh dn gia nhit trong

d) Cu to h thng knh dn c gia nhit in hnh:

u nhc im ca cc knh dn c gia nhit:
Gia nhit trong Ci thin vic phn b
nhit
phc tp.
Phi tnh n s gin n
nhit khc nhau ca cc
b phn khun.
Kh khn trong vic iu
khin nhit.
Gia nhit ngoi Ci thin vic phn phi
nhit .
iu khin nhit tt
hn
phc tp.
Phi tnh n s gin n
nhit khc nhau ca cc
b phn trn khun.

8) Ming phun cho knh dn ngui:
Ming phun l ng ni knh dn v lng khun. Ming phun c chc
nng rt quan trng l a nha lng in y lng khun v th vic tnh ton
kch thc v b tr ming phun c ngha quyt nh n cht lng sn phm.

Ming phun trn khun
c) Phn loi ming phun:
+ Ming phun ct bng tay:
Ming phun ct bng tay l loi ming phun dnh theo sn phm sau khi
p phun. Ta d dng nhnbit cc sn phm nha c ming phun ct bng tay
qua vt ct cn li trn b mt ca chng. Do , vi loi ming phun ny nn
thit k kch thc nh mc c th m bo tnh thm m cho sn phm.
Mt vi l do dng kiu ming phun ct bng tay:
- Sn phm cn ming phun ln gip in y tt.
- Sn phm lm bng vt liu t b bin dng.
- Cn tit din rng c s phn phi lu lng ng thi nh
m cc phn t si t c s nh hng c trng.
+ Ming phun t ct:
Ming phun t ct l loi ming phun t ri sn phm sau khi khun m.
iu ny t c nh vo kt cu khun (khun ba tm) hoc h thng y
cung phun v sn phm.
Mt s l do dng ming phun kiu t ct:
- Khng phi thm nguyn cng ct hon thin sn phm
- Tnh thm m ca sn phm (sn phm s c vt ming phun
rt nh)
- Gi thi gian chu k cn thit hu nh khng i qua tt c cc
ln phun.
d) Cc loi ming phun ct bng tay:
Ming phun trc tip (Sprue gate or direct gate):
Loi ming phun trc tip thng dng cho cc khun c mt lng khun, ni
m vt liu c in y vo khun mt cch trc tip m khng qua h thng
knh dn. Chnh v khng c h thng knh dn nn vic mt p trong qu trnh
in y l rt b. Tuy nhin, nhc im ca ming phun loi ny l li vt
ct ln trn b mt sn phm. S co rt c quyt nh bi b dy ca sn
phm v ng knh ming phun. in hnh l s co rt ca phn nha gn
ming phun s nh v ti ming phun s ln. iu ny a n hu qu l ng
sut cng gn ming phun ln.

Ming phun trc tip v vt ct ca n trn sn phm

Kch thc cho thit k ming phun trc tip
Ming phun kiu bng (Tab gate):
Ming phun kiu bng thng dng lm gim ng sut trong lng khun v
ngn nga li to ui cho cc chi tit phng v mng. ng sut sinh ra trong
lng khun s c tp trung bng, m s c ct b sau khi p phun.
Ming phun kiu bng ph hp dng cho cc loi nha PC, SAN, ABS...

Ming phun kiu bng v vt ct ca n trn sn phm

Kch thc cho thit k ming phun kiu bng
Ming phun cnh (Edge gate):
L loi ming phun thng dng, c th dng cho nhiu loi sn phm bi kt cu
rt n gin v khng cn chnh xc cao.
Ming phun kiu cnh c t trn mt phn khun v in y lng khun t
bn hng, trn hay di.

Ming phun kiu cnh v vt ct ca n trn sn phm

Kch thc cho thit k ming phun cnh
Ming phun kiu gi (Overlap gate):
L loi ming phun tng t nh ming phun kiu cnh, ch khc nhau ch l
ming phun nm lp trn b mt sn phm.

Ming phun kiu gi
Ming phun kiu qut:
Ming phun kiu qut thc cht cng l ming phun cnh c b rng b bin i.
Ming phun kiu ny todng chy m v cho php in y lng khun mt
cch nhanh chng nn rt ph hp cho nhng sn phm ln v dy. Thm vo
, ming phun kiu qut cng to ra dng chy lan to nn gip trnh c
ng hn ni c b dy mng trn sn phm.

Knh dn nha kiu qut v vt ct ca n trn sn phm
Ming phun kiu qut nn c lm cn c b rng ln b dy c mt ct
ngang khng i. iu ny gip m bo:
+ Vn tc chy l hng s.
+ Ton b b rng c dng cho lu lng.
+ p sut l nh nhau qua ton b rng.

Kch thc cho thit k ming phun kiu qut
Ming phun kiu a (Disgate or diaphragm gate):
Ming phun kiu a thng dng cho cc chi tit c dng tr rng m c yu
cu cao v ng tm v khng c ng hn. Ming phun kiu ny thc cht
l ming phun mng bao vng quanh thnh sn phm. Khi nha qua cung
phun, nh mng phun vng quanh thnh sn phm m lng khun c in
y mt cch ng u.

Sn phm vi ming phun kiu a

Kch thc thit k cho ming phun kiu a
Ming phun kiu vng (Ring gate):
Ming phun kiu vng thch hp cho nhng sn phm c dng tr rng v
gip hn ch vt hn, kt kh trong qu trnh in y v gim ng sut tp
trung quanh ming phun. C hai loi ming phun kiu vng: kiu vng ngoi v
kiu vng trong.

d) Ming phun kiu vng ngoi
e) Ming phun kiu vng trong
D = S +1,5 - (4/3)S +k (mm)
L = 0,5 1,5 (mm)
H = (2/3)S 2 (mm)
r = 0,2 S (mm)
k= 2mm vi sn phm c di dng chy ngn v dy.
k =4 i vi sn phm c di dng chy di v mng.

Ming phun kiu nan hoa (Spoke gate or spider gate):
Ming phun kiu nan hoa thng dng cho sn phm c hnh n, d ct
b v tit kim vt liu. Nhc im ca loi ming phun ny l sn phm
c th b nhiu ng hn v khng trn hon ton.

Ming phun kiu nan hoa
Kch thc khuyn dng cho thit k: b
dy 0.08 4.8, b rng 1,6 6,4
Ming phun kiu mng (Flash gate):
Ming phun kiu mng ph hp cho sn phm ln v phng (c bit l sn
phm lm bng nha Acrylic ) v n gip gim cong vnh cho sn phm nh
s phn b nha ng u.

Ming phun kiu mng v vt ct li ca n trn sn phm

D = S (4/3) S+k (mm)
k = 2 vi sn phm c di dng chy ngn v dy.
k = 4 vi sn phm c di dng chy di v mng.
L = 0,5 2 (mm)
H = (0,2 0,7) S (mm)
Kch thc thit
k cho ming phun kiu
mng
f) Ming phun t ct:
Ming phun im (Point gate):
Ming phun kiu im thng c dng trong khun 3 tm c nhiu lng
khun hay c kch thc lng khun ln. Khi thit k ming phun im , ngi ta
thng dng knh dn dng hnh thang hay hnh thang bin i tin vic gia
cng v lp cht ko h thng knh dn ming phun ri sn phm d dng
hn. u im chnh ca ming phun im l gip b tr nhiu ming phun vo
cng mt lng khun khi lng khun c kch thc ln. iu ny gip qu trnh
in y ng thi gia cc vng khc nhau trn sn phm din ra nhanh chng
v tt hn. Tuy nhin, cn lu khun c th b tng nhit gy qu nhit i vi
nhng vt liu c cu trc si di v nht thp do ming phun c kch thc
nh.

Ming phun im v vt ct ca n li trn sn phm

Kch thc cho thit k ming phun im

Cc kiu l cht ko knh dn
Ming phun ngm (Tunnel gate or submarine gate):
Ming phun ngm thng c dng trong khun hai tm c nhiu lng khun.
Khi thit k sn phm nh v cn ct keo mt bn ta nn ngh n kiu ming
phun ny.

Ming phun ngm v vt ct ca n li trn sn phm
C hai loi ming phun ngm: ming phun ngm dng thng v ming
phun ngm dng cong.
Ming phun ngm dng thng:

Cc loi ming phun ngm dng thng


Qu trnh ct ming phun ngm dng thng

Kch thc cho thit k ming phun ngm tiu chun


Kch thc thit k cho ming phun ngm hiu chnh
Ming phun ngm dng cong:

Qu trnh ct ming phun ngm dng cong

Kch thc cho
thit k kn dn
v ming phun
kiu ngm

Kch thc cho thit k ming phun ngm dng con
9) Ming phun ca knh dn nng:
Ming phun loi ny c tiu chun ho cng vi h thng knh dn
v cun phun. Do , khi cn dng ta ch vic lin h vi cc nh sn xut v tip
thu cc li khuyn t h c c thit k thch hp.
Kiu khng c van: ming phun kiu ny s b ngt khi khun m
ra v nha ming phun rt nng. S nh hnh ca sn phm c iu khin
bi phn nha ng cng gn ming phun.

Ming phun khng c van
Kiu c van: trong knh dn c thm vo mt cht, cht ny c tc
dng nh mt van c th ng ming phun ngay trc khi nha gn ming phun
ng c. iu ny ch php tng ng knh ming phun ln hn v iu khin
qu trnh nh hnh tt hn.

Ming phun kiu c van
10) Li khuyn cho thit k ming phun trong h thng knh dn ngui:
Li khuyn chung t c hiu qu tt trong vic thit k ming phun
l dng phn mm m phng qu trnh in y lng khun thy c cc
khuyt tt trn sn phm sau khi p phun. Khi thit k ming phun cn lu
mt s iu sau:
b) V tr:
- Nu c th nn t ming phun ch dy nht ca sn phm. Khng nn
t ming phun nhng vng chuyn tip t dy sang mng trnh s ngc
ng dng chy v vt lm hay l trng trn sn phm.
- Nu c th nn b tr ming phun i din vi cc rnh thot kh kh
trong lng khun b y ra ngoi hon ton.
- B tr ming phun hn ch ng hn t nht.
- m bo hng dng chy to ra s in y ng b trn ton b sn
phm. iu ny gip trnh c hin tng kt kh trong qu trnh in y.
Nu kh b kt th sn phm s d c nhng vt chy en.
- Khng nn t ming phun ti nhng vng chu lc trn sn phm v
vng gn ming phun sau qu trnh p phun cn tn ti ng sut d nn rt
d b hng khi chu lc.

b) Kch thc:
- Ming phun phi c kch thc v v tr thch hp trnh hin tng
to ui trn sn phm.
- Trong trng hp khun c nhiu lng khun th tt c cc ming phun
nn cng kch thc (ng knh, b dy... ) c c s cn bng dng v
p.
c) Tnh thm m: vt ming phun c th nh hng n tm thm m ca sn
phm v vy nn t ming phun nhng ch khut ca sn phm.
p dng vo thc t:
Vi sn phm bnh rng trong my in Canon c kt cu kh n gin, b
khun gia cng cng lc bn bnh rng:

Da vo kh nng gia cng khun thc t ta thit k h thng knh dn nh sau:
Cung phun: ch to mt cung phun tiu chun c
cn trong l 1
0
l rt kh khn, tn thi gian, hiu sut lm vic
khng cao, do ta dng loi bc cung phun tiu chun c sn
trn th trng.

Knh dn: Dng loi knh dn ngui. Tit din ngang

Ming phun: Dng ming phun kiu cnh, in y lng khun t bn
trn

Thit k lng khun
4) S lng khun:
Ta c th cn nhc chn s lng khun ph hp nh cc thng tin sau:
+ Kch c ca my p phun (nng sut phun ln nht v lc kp
ln nht).
+ Thi gian giao hng.
+ Yu cu v cht lng sn phm.
+ Kt cu v kch thc khun.
+ Gi thnh khun.
S lng khun thng thng c thit k theo dy s:
2,4,6,8,12,24,32,48,64,96,128 v cc lng khun s d dng c xp theo
hnh ch nht hoc hnh trn.
Thng thng ta c th tnh s lng khun cn thit trn khun bng cch
da vo: s lng sn phm, nng sut phun v nng sut lm do ca
my p phun, lc kp khun ca my.

a) S lng khun tnh theo s lng sn phm trong n t hng:
N = L x K x t
c
/(24 x 3600 x t
m
)
Trong :
L : s sn phm trong mt l sn xut.
K : h s do ph phm, K = l/(l K). Vi k l t l ph phm.
t
c
: thi gian ca mt chu k p phun (s).
t
m
: thi gian hon tt l sn phm (ngy)
b) S lng khun tnh theo chu k p phun:
N = 0,8 x S/W
Trong :
N : s lng khun ti thiu trn khun.
S : nng sut phun ca my (gam/mt ln phun).
W: trng lng ca sn phm (g).
c) S lng khun tnh theo nng sut lm do ca my:
n = P / (X x W)
trong :
P: nng sut lm do ca my (g/ph).
X : tn s phun (c lng) trong 1 pht (l/ph)
W : trng lng ca sn phm (g).

d) S lng khun tnh theo lc kp khun ca my:
N = (S x P)/F
P
Trong :
F
P
: lc kp khun ti a ca my (N).
S: din tch b mt trung bnh ca sn phm k c cc rnh dng
theo hng ng khun (mm
2
).
P : p sut trong khun (Mpa).
5) Cc cch b tr lng khun.

Cch b tr lng khun hnh ch nht

Cch b tr lng khun dng trn v dng cong
6) Mt phn khun
Mt phn khun cn b tr hp l thot khun d dng, m
bo khng c sai st trn cc b mt chu lc, cc b mt quan trng.
Mt sn phm c th c nhiu mt phn khun. iu ny cn tu thuc
vo s phc tp ca hnh dng sn phm.


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