HongdansudungANSYS II

Phn mm ANSYS ED
Mt h phn mm a trng vt l ANSYS/Multiphysics phc v o to l mt cng

c tt cho mi ngi, cc cn b cc nh my, cc gio vin sinh vin cc trng
i hc k thut, cc cn b cc Vin Nghin cu. Phn mm ANSYS/ED ging
phn mm ANSYS/Multiphysics, trong gi cc tnh nng ca
ANSYS/Multiphysics v chung mt hng dn GUI, nhng chng hn ch kch thc
ca m hnh, khi to chng v khi gii. Cc gii hn gm:
ANSYS/ED -Cung cp chuyn nghip vi cc cng c hc cng ngh ANSYS
cho tng cc nhn.
ANSYS/ED Student Edition - C gi tr cho cc trng i hc cao ng.
ANSYS/ED Test Drive - Phin bn gii hn thi gian ( 30 ngy hoc 20 ln).
Phm vi gii hn ANSYS/ED
Gii hn phn tch PTHH ANSYS/ED
DOF S bc t do ln nht 2,000 (14,000 cho FLOTRAN)
S Nt ln nht 1,000 (2,000 cho FLOTRAN)
S phn t ln nht 500 (2,000 cho FLOTRAN)
S bc t do chnh Master DOF ln nht 50
Gii hn m hnh vt rn ANSYS/ED
S im Keypoint ln nht 100
S ng ln nht 100
S din tch ln nht 50
S th tch ln nht 10
Gii hn kiu phn t ANSYS/ED
Khng c phn t composite (SOLID46, SHELL91, v SHELL99)
Phin bn sinh vin v kim tra thit b ANSYS/ED
Gii hn phn tch PTHH ca phin bn SV cad kim tra ANSYS/ED
DOF Bc t do ln nht 1,000 (8,400 cho FLOTRAN)
S Nt ln nht 500 (1,200 cho FLOTRAN)
S phn t ln nht 250 (1,000 cho FLOTRAN)
S Master DOF ln nht 50
Gii hn M hnh Vt rn NSYS/ED phin bn SV v KT
S im Keypoint ln nht 100
S ng ln nht 100
S din tch ln nht 50
S th tch ln nht 10
Gii hn kiu phn t ANSYS/ED SV v KT
Khng c Phn t composite (SOLID46, SHELL91, vSHELL99)
Cc thuc tnh c trnh din ca ANSYS
Danh mc cc thuc tnh ng lu c trnh din trong cc li gii.
Chn ch phn tch
Chn ch phn tch in hnh l phng php gii, cng phn t (stress
stiffening), chn phng php lp trong bi ton phi tuyn Newton-Raphson .
Kiu phn tch
Mt s kiu phn tch c dng trong ANSYS: Tnh (static), ng ( modal), iu
ho (harmonic), Chuyn i (transient), Ph (spectrum), n nh (eigenvalue buckling),
v cu trc con (substructuring). Li gii c th l tuyn tnh v phi tuyn.
Phm vi s dng cc sn phm ANSYS
Phn mm ANSYS c cc m n sn phm ring bit sau: ANSYS/Multiphysics,
ANSYS/Mechanical, ANSYS/Professional, ANSYS/Structural, ANSYS/LS-DYNA,
ANSYS/LinearPlus, ANSYS/Thermal, ANSYS/Emag, ANSYS/FLOTRAN,
ANSYS/PrepPost, ANSYS/ED.
S dng Help
Cc thng tin tronmg phn tr gip ca ANSYS c vit theo cc tiu , d tra cu
v s dng..
Ton t Boolean
Ton t Boolean Operations (da trn c s i s Boolean) cung cp cng c c
th ghp cc d liu khi dng cc ton t logic nh: cng, tr, chn.... Ton t
Boolean c gi tr khi dng m hnh vt rn Th tch, Din tch, ng ( volume, area,
and line).
Trc tip to phn t
nh ngha phn t bng cch trc tip nh ngha nt.
Cc mn khoa hc Discipline
C 5 lnh vc khoa hc c th gii bng phn mm ANSYS: Kt cu-C (structural),
Nhit (thermal), in (electric), T (magnetic), v cht lng (fluid). Nhng ANSYS
cho php gii cc bi ton a trng vt l. Cc trng Vt l thng tc dng cp i,
nh nhit v chuyn v trong phn tch ng sut -nhit..
Chn phn t
Nhiu kiu phn t c chn phn t c xc nh vt th nh vy l cc phn t vi
cc hnh vi v chc nng, phn t cho kt qu c chn in ra...
Kiu phn t c dng
Cn ch r phn t c dng trong bi ton. Khong 200 kiu phn t trong ANSYS.
Ta c th chn mt kiu phn t vi cvc c tnh, trong , xc lp s bc t do DOF
(nh chuyn v, nhit ...) cho cc hnh c trng nh ng, hnh t giac, hnh hi
hp..., cc hnh nm trong khng gian 2-D hoc 3D, tng ng vi h thng to .
Cc phn t bc cao
Higher-order, or mid-side noded elements, have a quadratic shape function (instead of
linear) to map degree-of-freedom values within the element.
Interactive Time Required
l cc phn t gn ng, dng trong cc bi ton vi giao din theo bc. Thi
gian c ly thi gian ca h thng my tnh.you, and so on.
Tn bi ton
Tn File c t ring cho tng bi, nhng c gi tr trong cc phn tch ANSYS.
Phn kiu Jobname.ext, trong ext l kiu File do ANSYS nh tu tnh cht ca
d liu c ghi. Tn File c gi tu yu cu ngi dng. Nu khng t tn ring,
ANSYS mc nh tn l FILE.*.
Mc kh
C 3 mc : d, trung bnh v kh. Cc bi ton kh c th chuyn thnh d, khi s
dng bi ton tnh theo bc. Tnh cht in hnh ca advanced ANSYS c dng nh
cc bi ton phi tuyn, macro hoc advanced postprocessing.
Thuc tnh vt liu
Thuctnh vt l ca vt liu nh mun n hi, mt , lun c lp vi tham s
hnh hc. Nn, chng khng gn vi kiu phn t. Thuc tnh vt liu quy nh gii
ma trn phn t, nn d dng chng c gn cho tng kiu phn t. Tu thuc
ng dng, thuc tnh vt liu c th l tuyn tnh, phi tuyn, hoc ng hng... Cng
nh kiu phn t v hng s c trng hnh dng, cn phi t thuc tnh vt liu
nhiu ln, tu theo vt liu.
ng sut phng Plane Stress
Trng thi ng sut, trong , ng sut php v ng sut tip theo phng vung gc
bng khng.
Hu x l Postprocessing
ANSYS phn tch theo pha, ta c th xem li cc kt qu phn tch nh cc hnh
nh mu v cc bng s liu. Hu x l chung (POST1) c dng xem li kt qu ti
mt bc nh trn ton b m hnh vt th. Hu x l theo thi gian (POST26) c
dng xem li kt qu ti cc im c bit trong m hnh trn ton b thi gian cc
bc.
Preferences
Hp thoi "Preferences" cho php chn cc lnh vc k thut theo yu cu vi vic lc
chn thc n. Mc nh, thc n chn a ra tt c cc lnh vc , cc lnh vc
khng p dng c n m. Vic chn c tin hnh bng nh du. Th d, chn
mc kt cu, th cc mc khc c n.
Tin x l Preprocessing
ANSYS l pha phn tch nhp d liu nh m hnh hnh hc, vt liu, kiu phn t
cho chng trnh.
Gc Primitives
Trc ht nh ngha hnh dng hnh hc cho ANSYS, nh nh ngha mt hnh ch
nht, c th nh ngha theo din tch, theo 4 cnh, theo 4 im.
Hng s thc Real Constants
Cung cp b sung cc tham s hnh hc cho kiu phn t, nhng thng tin khng th
nhp c vo cc nt. in hnh nh, phn t v shell l chiu dy v mng, phn t
dm l din tch mt ct. Cc tnh cht ny c nhp tu theo kiu phn t yu cu.
Gii Solution
L pha phn tch ca ANSYS, trong xc nh kiu phn tch v chn, t ti v
chn ti, khi ng gii phn t hu hn.Mc nh l phn tch tnh.

Mt lm vic Working Plane (WP)
L mt mt tng tng vi gc to . Trong h to 2-D (H cc hay to
cc) c bm theo tng gia s khi c li hin. Dng nh v mt i tng ca
m hnh. Gc to ca mt lm vic cc nm trng gc to ton cc.

5
Bi 1
PHN TCH KT CU
Phn tch ng sut bin dng cn gt
Static Analysis of a Corner Bracket

Phm vi bi ton
M t bi ton
Xy dng m hnh hnh hc
nh ngha vt liu
To li
t ti
Gii
Xem kt qu

1.1. Phm vi bi ton
Cc sn phn ANSSYS
ANSYS/Multiphysics, ANSYS/Mechanical,
ANSYS/Structural, ANSYS/ED
Mc kh D
Thi gian hc 60 n 90 pht
Lnh vc k thut Bi ton khung
Kiu phn tch Tuyn tnh tnh
Kiu phn t PLANE82
c im bi ton
M hnh khi bao gm cc din tch v khi
c bn, cc php tnh logic, v cc ng bao;
t lc; hnh dng b thay i v biu din
ng sut; tnh phn lc; kim tra cu trc khi
khng c ti
6
1.2. M t bi ton
y l mt bi tp n gin v thc hin tng bc phn tch kt cu mt
thanh cong gp khc. Phn trn bn tri c l v c c nh (gn vi mt trc
c nh), ph bn phi c l chu p lc v cho php chuyn v. Mc ch ca bi
ton l lm r c trng phn b ng sut trong thanh di tc dng ti trng.

iu kin ban u
Kch thc ca dm gc c biu din hnh km theo. Dm c lm
bng thp A36. Mun n hi 30E6 psi v h s Poisson l 0.27.
Cc gi thit
Gi s bi ton l bi ton ng sut phng, do dy ca dm theo
phng z , b dy 1/2 inch (1 inch = 2.54cm) nh so vi kch thc x,y, v do gi
thit ti p lc ch tc dng theo mt phng x-y.
Trc ht, cn gii quyt m hnh khi to ra t m hnh mu 2-D v t
ng chia li vi cc nt v cc phn t.
Tm tt cc bc - Summary of Steps
Cc bc dng m hnh hnh hc Build Geometry
1. nh ngha hnh chc nht
2. Thay hp iu khin, to li hnh hp th 2.
3. Thay vng lm vic, chn ta to hnh trn ca chi tit.
4. Chuyn vng lm vic xung di v to hnh trn th 2.
5. Thay mt lm vic
7
6. V to ng trn
7. To cc mt bao trn.
8. To cc mt lm vic
9. To hnh ca l trn th 1
10. Chuyn vng lm vic to hnh trn ca l th 2
11. To l bng tr din tch
12. Ghi d liu *. db.
nh ngha vt liu
13. Chn trong Preference dng bi ton.
14. nh ngha thuc tnh vt liu
15. nh ngha kiu phn t,
16. nh ngha cc hng s.
To li Generate Mesh
17.a li vo cc mt.
18.Ghi d liu.
t ti Apply Loads
19. t cc iu kin chuyn v.
20. t lc.
Gii bi ton Obtain Solution
21. Gii.
Xem kt qu Review Results
22.Vo General Postprocessor v xem kt qu:
23. Biu din hnh dng bin dng.
24. Biu din ng sut tng ng theo iu kin von Mises.
25. Lit k cc phn lc.
26. Thot khi ANSYS.

8
1.3 Xy dng m hnh hnh hc Build Geometry
Tin x l Preprocessing
Bc 1: nh ngha hnh ch nht
C nhiu cch to m hnh hnh hc trong ANSYS, gii thiu cch lp m
hnh thng dng. Nhn xt: cn gt c th thit lp bng 2 hnh ch nht, ghp
vi 2 na ng trn ti hai u. Trc ht xc nh gc to , sau , ta dng
hnh ch nht v hnh trn c s tng quan vi gc to chn. V tr ca
gc to l tu . y, s dng tm ca l trn pha trn tay tri lm tm ta
. Bt u bng nh ngha mt hnh ch nht tng ng vi v tr . Trong
ANSYS, gc to ny c gi l to ton th global origin.
1. Vo : Main Menu >
Preprocessor > -Modeling- Create >
-Areas- Rectangle > By Dimensions
2. Nhp cc thng s sau:
X1 = 0
X2 = 6
Y1 = -1
Y2=1
3. t Apply to hnh th nht.
4. Nhp cc s sau:
X1 = 4
X2 = 6
Y1 = -1
Y2 = -3
Nhp chut vo OK ng ca s hi
thoi - .

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Bc 2: Thay i kim sot v v v li
Mt din tch c v biu din hai hnh ch nht cng mu. c th
phn bit r gia cc vng, bt chc nng nh s din tch v mu. Hp thoi
"Plot Numbering Controls" nm trn menu Tin ch Utility Menu kim sot mc
cn c hin trn ca s ho "Graphics Window". Mc nh, mc "Replot" -
v li, c t ng kch hot thc hin cng vic trn ca hp thoi. Thao tc
v li s lp li thao tc v ln cui cng (trong trng hp ny, l v din tch)

1. Utility Menu > Plot Ctrls >
Numbering
2. M nh s din tch.
3. Nhp OK thay i iu
khin , ng hp thoi , v
v li.

Thanh cng c: SAVE_DB

Trc khi thc hin bc tip theo, cn ghi li cng vic lm c t u.
ANSYS lu tr cc d liu vo trong b nh ANSYS database.(C s d liu
ANSYS). lu tr d kiu vo mt file, hy s dng thao tc SAVE, lun hin
th sn sng trn Toolbar. Trong ANSYS tn ca d liu thng c nh dng
l jobname.db. Nu bt u ANSYS bng vic s dng cc phm tt, c th nh
r mt jobname ti con tr (mc nh jobname l file.*). Bn c th kim tra
jobname hin ti vo bt k lc no bng cch vo Utility Menu > List > Status
> Global Status. Hn na, cng c th ghi d liu tiu biu c trng trong qu
trnh phn tch (v d, sau khi m hnh hon thnh hoc sau khi m hnh
10
c to li) bng cch chn Utility Menu > File > Save As v ghi r
kiu jobnames nh: (model.db, hoc mesh.db,...).
Phi ch ghi li d liu thng xuyn trong qu trnh lm vic, nh vy,
nu gp phi mt li no , c th khi phc li d liu t ln ghi d liu cui
cng. Thc hin cng vic ny bng thao tc RESUME, c hin ngay trn
Toolbar (Hoc bn c th tm thy mc SAVE v RESUME trn Utility Menu
di File).

Bc 3: Thay i mt lm vic sang to cc v to vng trn u tin
Bc tip theo trong dng hnh l to mt na hnh trn tip tuyn vi cnh hnh
ch nht. Tm nm gia cnh ngn. Sau kt hp hnh trn v hnh ch nht
bng ton t "Cng" Add Boolean ( bc 5.). to c cc hnh trn, bn s
phi s dng v hin th mt lm vic.
Trc khi bt u, hy phng to ca s Graphics Window c th nhn
r cc hnh trn c dng. Thc hin thao tc ny bng cch s dng hp
thoi "Pan-Zoom-Rotate", l mt hp kim sot ho s c dng trong
nhiu mc ca ANSYS .

1. Utility Menu > PlotCtrls > Pan,
Zoom, Rotate
2. Kch vo mt chm nh phng .

3. ng hp thoi
4. Utility Menu > WorkPlane >
Display Working Plane ( Bt ln)
Ch , gc mt lm vic c v
ngay trn mn hnh ho (Graphics
Window). To c biu din

11
bng biu tng WX v WY; gc
vung by gi trng vi gc to
X,Y. Tip n ta s thay i kiu
khng gian lm vic WP thnh to
cc, thay i bc bt v biu din
li.
5. Utility Menu > WorkPlane > WP
Settings
6. Kch vo Polar
7. Kch vo Grid v Triad.
8. Nhp .1 bt bc nhy.
9. Kch OK xc nh thit lp v
ng hp thoi.
10. Main Menu > Preprocessor > -
Modeling- Create > -Areas- Circle
> Solid Circle

Ch : c cn thn trc khi kch
11. Chn im tm ti:
WP X = 0 (biu din trong mn hnh
ho di y)
WP Y = 0

12. Chuyn chut n bn knh 1 v kch
chut tri to hnh trn.

12
13. Nhp OK ng menu la
chn.
14. Thanh cng c: SAVE_DB.

Ch : Khi nh v tr con tr kch, gi tr "dynamic" WP X v
Y c hin trn hp thoi Solid Circular Area. Cng nh vy, lun
lu kch ta c th nhp gi tr theo bn knh vo trong hp thoi.
Bc 4: Di chuyn mt lm vic v dng hnh trn th hai.
Cng mt tho tc, c th to mt hnh trn ti u cui khc ca thanh,
Trc ht, di chuyn mt lm vic n tm ca ng trn th hai. Cch n gin
nht khng phi g vo s offset, l di chuyn mt lm vic WP n im
gia, xc nh bng kch vo im gn gc y pha di, bn phi hnh ch nht
1. Utility Menu > WorkPlane > Offset WP to > Keypoints
2. Kch vo im thp hn nm gc bn tri ca hnh ch nht .
3. Kch vo im thp hn nm gc bn phi ca hnh ch nht.

4. OK ng menu la chn.
5. Main Menu > Preprocessor > -Modeling- Create > -Areas- Circle >
Solid Circle
6. Kch im tm ti:
WP X = 0
WP Y = 0

13

5. Chuyn chut, chn bn knh 1
v kch nt tri chut dng
hnh trn.

8. OK ng menu la chn.
9. Toolbar: SAVE_DB.

Bc 5: Cng din tch
Hnh v gn ng vi m hnh nh ngha (cc hnh ch nht v hnh trn),
cn phi gn chng li vi nhau chng thnh mt m hnh ng nht. Thc
hin thao tc bng vic thao tc Cng lgic Boolean cc din tch.

Modeling- Operate > -
Booleans- Add > Areas
2. Kch All tt c cc din tch
c cng vi nhau.


14
Bc 6: To ng ln gc

1. Utility Menu > PlotCtrls >
Numbering
2. Bt chc nng nh s ng.
3. OK thay i cc kim sot, ng
cc hp thoi v t ng v li.

Display Working Plane (kho)
Modeling- Create > -Lines- Line
Fillet
6. Kch vo ng 17 v 8.

7. OK kt thc kch ng (trong thc
n kch).
8. Nhp bn knh .4
9. OK to c ln gc v ng hp
thoi.
Utility Menu > Plot > Lines

15
Bc 7: To din tch ln gc

1. Utility Menu > PlotCtrls > Pan, Zoom,
Rotate
2. Kch nt Zoom .
3. Di chut vo vng di gc, kch chut
tri, di chuyn chut ra ngoi v kch
li.

Modeling- Create > -Areas- Arbitrary
> By Lines
5. Kch ng 4, 5, v 1.

6. OK to din tch v ng thc n
kch.
7. Kch vo nt Fit.
8. ng hp thoi Pan, Zoom, Rotate .

9. Utility Menu > Plot > Areas

16


Bc 8: Cng cc din tch vi nhau
Booleans- Add > Areas
2. Kch All cng tt c cc din
tch


17
Bc 9: To l thng u tin
1. Utility Menu > WorkPlane > Display Working Plane (M)

Solid Circle
3. Kch vo tm:
WP X = 0 (trong ca s ho Graphics Window)
WP Y = 0
4. Di chuyn chut to bn knh .4 (biu din trong menu kch-picking
menu) v kch chut tri to hnh trn.
OK ng thc n kch.

Bc 10: Chuyn mt lm vic v to l thng th 2
1. Utility Menu > WorkPlane > Offset WP to > Global Origin
Solid Circle
3. Kch tm im ti:
WP X = 0 (trong mn hnh ho Graphics Window)
WP Y = 0
4. Di chuyn chut vo bn knh .4 (Trnh din trn thc n kch) v kch
nt chut tri to hnh trn.
5. OK ng thc n kch.
6. Utility Menu > WorkPlane > Display Working Plane (ng)
7. Utility Menu > Plot > Replot

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Sau khi v l, cha thy hin ra tuy thc t
c.
Cn dng lnh v ng thay v din
tch.

8. Utility Menu > Plot > Lines


Bc 11: Tr l khi thanh dm
1. Main Menu > Preprocessor > -Modeling- Operate > -Booleans-
Subtract > Areas
2. Kch thanh dm coi nh nh l mt din tch c s, t c th tr bt.
3. Kch Apply (trong thc n kch).
4. Kch vo 2 l, l din tch phi tr.

5. OK tr cc l v ng thc n kch

19
Bc 12: Ghi d liu vo file model.db.
Ghi d liu vo file vi tn model.db.

1. Utility Menu > File > Save As
2. Nhp tn file d liu model.db.

3. OK ghi v ng hp thoi.

1.4. nh ngha vt liu Define Materials
Bc 13: Thit lp cc u tin
chun b cho nh ngha cc vt liu, phi thit lp cc u
tin preferences, sao cho mi loi vt liu gn vi mt cu trc phn tch c sn
la chn.
Thit lp cc u tin:

1. Main Menu >
Preferences
2. M lc kt cu.
3. OK p dng lc
v ng hp thoi.

Bc 14: nh ngha thuc tnh vt liu.
20
Cn nh ngha thuc tnh vt liu Error! Bookmark not defined. cho bi ton,
trong bi ny, vt liu lm thanh l thp A36 Steel, vi cc m un n hi
Young v h s Poisson.

1. Main Menu >
Preprocessor >
Material Props >
Material Models
2. Kch 2 ln vo
Structural, Linear,
Elastic, Isotropic.
3. Nhp 30e6 cho EX.
4. Nhp .27 cho PRXY.

5. OK nh ngha tnh
nng vt liu v ng
hp thoi.
6. Material > Exit

Bc 15: nh ngha kiu phn t v chn
Trong phn tch bt k, cn phi la chn t th vin ca cc phn t Error!
Bookmark not defined. v nh ngha phn t xp x tin hnh phn tch.
Vi bi ton ny, s s dng mt kiu phn t l PLANE82, cu trc
phng 2-D, t gic, kt cu, dng phn t bc cao. Vic la chn cc phn t bc
21
cao cho php to c li tha hn cc phn t bc thp, trong khi vn duy tr
c chnh xc ca li gii. Hn na, ANSYS s to ra mt s phn t hnh
tam gic, nh vy, c th gy sai s ln khi s dng cc phn t bc thp
(PLANE42). Cng cn phi xc nh r trng thi ng sut phng vi chiu dy
chn trc cho PLANE82. Phi nh ngha thng s chiu dy l hng s vt liu
trong bc sau.

1. Main Menu > Preprocessor >
Element Type >
Add/Edit/Delete
2. Thm kiu phn t.

3. H Cu trc vt rn Solid Tructurial ca phn t.

22
4. Chn phn t phng t gic 8
nt (PLANE82).
5. OK ng dng kiu phn t
v ng hp thoi.
6. Options cho PLANE82 c
nh ngha.
7. Chn ng sut phng vi chiu
dy chn cho ng x ca phn
t .
8. OK xc nh chn v ng
hp thoi
9. ng hp thoi kiu phn t

Bc 16: nh ngha hng s thc (Real constants- Hng s c trng hnh
hc vt liu)
phn tch, do gi thit ban u l trng thi ng sut phng vi chiu
dy nht nh, s nhp chiu dy, coi l thng s ca hng s thc Error!
Bookmark not defined. cho PLANE82. tm thm thng tin v PLANE82,
cn s dng h thng tr gip Help ca ANSYS bc ny, bng cch kch chut
vo nt HELP t hp thoi .

1. Main Menu > Preprocessor
> Real Constants >
Add/Edit/Delete
2. Thm thit lp hng s thc.

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3. OK cho PLANE82.
Trc khi kch chut vo nt
HELP bc tip theo, bit
rng, cc thng tin tr gip c
th xut hin trong cng mt
ca s, nh hng dn ny,
bng cch thay cho cc ni
dung hng dn. Sau khi c
xong cc thng tin tr
gip, kch chut vo nt
Back quay tr li ni dung
hng dn ny. Nu ni dung
tr gip xut hin trong mt
ca s khc vi ca s hng
dn, hy thu nh hoc ng
ca s tr gip li sau khi bn
c xong cc thng tin tr
gip.
4. Tr gip dt tr gip v
PLANE82.
5. Ko chut tri xung cun
qua phn t.
6. Nu thng tin tr gip c
thay cho hng dn, kch
vo nt Back quay v
hng dn.
7. Nhp .5 cho THK.

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8. OK nh ngha hng s
thc v ng hp thoi
9. ng hp thoi hng s thc

1.5 To li
Bc 17: To li din tch
Mt tnh nng u vit ca ANSYS l c
th t ng to li cho m hnh khng
cn phi nh r kch c ca li - to
li mc nh Default mesh. Nu cha
bit r lm th no xc nh c
dy ca li, hy ANSYS lm ln
u.
Mesh Tool
2. t kim sot kch thc chung
Global Size control.
3. Nhp 0.5.
4. OK.
5. Chn to li din tch Area
Meshing.
6. Kch vo to li Mesh.

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7. Kch All to li cho tt c
din tch (trong thc n kch).
8. ng cng c to li Mesh
Tool.

Ch : Li c nhn thy trong mn hnh c th c nhng bin
i nh khng ng k so vi li c th hin hnh bn.
26
thy r c iu ny, c th thy s khc bit ca cc kt qu
trong hu x l. V chnh xc ca cc kt qu, hy xem chng
2 ca hng dn.

Bc 18: Ghi lu d liu vo File mesh.db.
Cn ghi lu d liu vo mt file c tn, th d mesh.db.

1. Utility Menu > File >
Save as
2. Nhp d liu vo
File mesh.db
3. OK ghi file v ng hp
thoi

1.6 t ti Apply Loads
Gii Solution
Trc ht chn kiu phn tch, mc nh l bi ton tnh. Cn chn bi ton c
th tin hnh tu theo bi ton.

Bc 19: t lin kt chuyn v
C th t lin kt chuyn v trc tip vo ng trong hnh.
1. Main Menu > Solution > -
Loads- Apply > -
Structural- Displacement
> On Lines
2. Kch vo 4 ng theo chiu
tri (s th t ng 10, 9,

27
11, 12).
3. OK (Kch vo thc n
kch).
4. Kch vo All DOF.
5. Nhp 0 khng c chuyn
v.
6. OK t lin kt v ng
hp thoi.
7. Utility Menu > Plot Lines


Bc 20: t ti p lc.
t cc ti p lc u vo phn y di, bn phi l. Ch , khi ng trn c
to trong ANSYS, chng hnh thnh bn cung. Nn, khi t ti p lc u vo 2
ng, c ngha l t vo na ng trn. Khi t ti p lc bin i t gi tr
ln nht (500psi) vo y ca l n gi tr nh nht (50 psi) vo mp l, th ti
trng c t thnh hai bc ring bit, vi vic o ngc cc gi tr cho mi
ng.
ANSYS quy c cho vic t ti l cc ti c gi tr dng biu din lc p
ln b mt (lc nn).
Loads- Apply > -Structural-
Pressure > On Lines
2. Kch ng xc nh phn tri

28
y ca vng trn (ng 6).

3. Apply.
4. Nhp 50 cho VALUE.
5. Nhp 500 500 cho gi tr chn.

6. Apply.
7. Kch ng xc nh phn phi
ca y vng trn (ng 7).

8. Apply.
9. Nhp 500 for VALUE.
10. Nhp 50 cho gi tr chn.
11. OK.


29
1.7 . Gii Solution
Bc 21: Gii bi ton Solve.

1. Main Menu > Solution >
-Solve- Current LS
2. Xem li thng tin trn ca
s trng thi, sau chn
File > Close (Windows),
hoc Close (X11/Motif),
ng ca s.
3. OK bt u gii.
4. ng ca s thng tin khi
gii xong.

ANSYS lu cc kt qu ca mi bc gii bi ton trong file c s d liu
v trong cc file kt qu, Jobname.RST (hoc Jobname.RTH cho bi ton nhit,
Jobname.RMG cho bi ton t, v Jobname.RFL cho bi ton cht lng). Cc c
s d liu thc s ch cha duy nht mt b cc kt qu ti mi thi im, v vy
trong tng bc phn tch hoc sau tt c cc bc phn tch, ANSYS ch lu gi
kt qu cui cng trong file c s d liu. ANSYS lu tt c cc li gii vo trong
file kt qu.

30
1.8 Xem kt qu
Hu x l postprocessing.
Ch :Nhng kt qu c th c nhng khc bit nh trn cc hnh
trnh din, do to li.
Bc 22: Nhp hu x l chung v c trong d liu kt qu

1. Main Menu > General Postproc > -Read Results- First Set

Bc 23: V hnh dng bin dng

1. Main Menu > General
Postproc > Plot Results > Deformed
Shape
2. Chn Bin dng Def +
cha bin dng undeformed.
3. OK.

Ta c th tin hnh cc th tc
to hnh ng ca hnh bin
dng.
Animate > Deformed Shape
5. Chn Def + undeformed.
6. OK.
7. Chn trong mc kim sot hnh
ng Animation Controller
(khng trnh by, nu cn, sau

31
chn Close.

Bc 24: V trng ng sut tng ng von Mises.
1. Main Menu > General Postproc > Plot Results > -Contour Plot- Nodal
Solu
2. Chn mc Stress c contoured.
3. Cun xung v chn von Mises (SEQV).
4. OK.
Cng c th thc hin th tc hnh ng xem kt qu

32

Animate > Deformed Results
6. Chn mc Stress.
7. Ko xung chn von Mises
(SEQV).
8. OK.
9. Chn trong Kim sot hot hnh
Animation Controller nu cn,
v ng Close.

Bc 25: Lit k li gii phn lc

1. Main Menu >
General Postproc >
List Results >
Reaction Solu
2. OK lit k tt c cc
mc v ng hp thoi.

3. Cun xung v tm
tng lc hng thng

33
ng, FY.
4. File > Close
(Windows), hoc
Close (X11/Motif),
ng ca s

Gi tr 134.61 c coi nh lc ngm.
Ch : Nhng gi tr c trnh din v c th khc so vi nhng
gi tr s nhn c.

C rt nhiu cch xem cc kt qu trong hu x l. S thy mt vi
cch c din t trong hng dn ny.n y, Sau khi kt thc phn tch v
gii bi ton. Thot khi chng trnh trong bc tip.

Bc 26: Thot khi chng trnh ANSYS
Khi thot khi chng trnh ANSYS, bn c th ghi li m hnh hnh hc v phn
ti ca d liu (mc nh), ghi li cc m hnh hnh hc, ti, v s liu kt qu
(mt bc thit lp kt qu), ghi li m hnh hnh hc, ti, s liu kt qu, v d
liu hu x l, c th ghi li tt c v c th khng ghi li g. Nhng phi chc
rng s dng t nht mt ln ghi lu tr, nu mun lu li cc file d liu ca
ANSYS.
34

1. Thanh cng c: Quit.
2. Chn Quit - No Save!
3. OK.

Sau khi thot khi ANSYS, c th xem hnh ng:
Xem cc hnh nh ng ca ANSYS trong PC vi cc file AVI hoc
ANIM.
Bin i cc file ANIM thnh cc file AVI.
Gi cc file nh ng ln trang WEB

35
Bi 2
Bi ton nhit
Kt tinh kim loi trong khun c

Ni dung
1. Phm vi bi ton Problem specification
2. bi ton Problem description
3. Chun b phn tch nhit Prepare for a thermal analysis
4. Xy dng m hnh hnh hc Build geometry
5. nh ngha vt liu Define materials
6. To li Generate mesh
7. t ti Apply loads
8. Gii ton Obtain solution
9. Xem kt qu Review results

2.1. Phm vi bi ton Problem specification
Cc mun ca ansys s dng: ansys/multiphysics,
ansys/mechanical, ansys/ed
Mc kh: va phi
Yu cu thi gian thc hin bi ton: 60 n 90 pht
Lnh vc chuyn mn khoa hc: Bi ton nhit.
Kiu phn tch: Bi ton phi tuyn
Kiu phn t s dng: Plane55
36
Nhng ni dung c trng lin quan: m hnh solid, dn nhit, i lu,
chuyn pha, la chn, kim sot li gii, hu x l bin i theo thi gian,
to hm "get function"

2.2. bi ton
y l bi ton phn tch s truyn nhit v chuyn pha ca qu trnh c.
Mc ch ca bi ton l tm s phn b nhit ca vt c bng thp v ca
khun trong sut qu trnh kt tinh, qu trnh xy ra trong 4 gi. Vt c c dng
ch L vi b dy ca khun l 4 inch (1 inch = 2.54cm). Qu trnh i lu xut
hin gia khun ct v mi trng khng kh.
iu kin ban u ( bi ton dng
h Anh):
T
f
= 32 + 9/5.Tc
Chiu di : feet (Ft)
Khi lng : slugs (lbf-
sec**2/ft)
Thi gian : second (sec)
Nhit : (fahrenhrit) F
Lc : lbf

Nhit nng : btu
p sut: psf (lbf/ft**2)
Tnh cht ca vt liu ct
H s dn nhit (Kxx): 0.025 Btu/(hr-in-
o
F)
T trng (dens): 0.054 lb/in
3

Nhit dung ring (C): 0.28 Btu/(Lb-
0
F)
H s dn nhit ca thp (Kxx)
0
0
F 1.44 Btu/(hr-in-
0
F)
2643
0
F 1.54
2750
0
F 1.22
2875
0
F 1.22
Vt
liu
thp,
c
trong
khun
ct
37
Enthalpy (enth) ca thp:
0
0
F 0.0 btu/in
3

2643
0
F 128.1
2750
0
F 163.8
2875
0
F 174.2
iu kin ban u
Nhit ca thp: 2875
0
F
Nhit ca ct: 80
0
F
Thuc tnh i lu
H s mng: 0.014 btu/(hr-in
2
-
0
F)
Nhit mi trng: 80
0
F
Gi thit
phn tch, a v bi ton phng 2-D vi dy 1 n v. ng thi
gim nh qu trnh tnh ton, tnh 1 na m hnh, phn pha di.

Tnh cht ca vt liu khun (ct) l khng i. Cn cc tnh cht ca vt c
(h s dn nhit v entanpi) ph thuc nhit , hai thng s c nhp vo
di dng bng. Entanpi cho bit kh nng tch t nhit (n nhit) ca kim loi
khi kt tinh. Hiu ng bc x c b qua.
khng ch li gii, s dng thit lp la chn phi tuyn, gm t ng to
bc thi gian. Vic to bc thi gian t ng c tc dng xc nh chnh xc
thi gian gia s bc cn thit bi ton chuyn bin pha phi tuyn hi t. iu
Thp c
Ct
Mt song song
38
c ngha l gi tr bc thi gian nh hn s c s dng trong sut qu trnh
chuyn bin t kim loi lng sang trng thi ng c .
Tm tt cc bc
nm c bi, cn theo tng bc hng dn. Tm tt cc bc nh sau:
Chun b qu trnh phn tch nhit
1. Chn bi ton u tin preferences.
Dng hnh hnh hc
2. nh ngha cc im keypoints.
3. To cc din tch cho khun v vt c.
nh ngha vt liu
4. nh ngha cc tnh cht vt liu.
5. V cc tnh cht vt liu theo nhit .
6. nh ngha kiu phn t.
To li
7. To li cho m hnh .
t ti
8. t ti i lu trn cc ng bin ngoi.
Gii bi ton
9. nh ngha kiu phn tch.
10. Kim tra vic iu khin qu trnh gii .
11. Xc nh iu kin ban u cho qu trnh ngn.
12. Thit lp thi gian, khong thi gian trong mt bc v cc thng
s lin quan.
13. Thit lp kim sot xut d liu.
14. Gii bi ton.
Xem cc kt qu
15. Nhp hu x l bin i theo time-history postprocessor v nh
ngha cc bin.
16. V quan h nhit theo thi gian.
39
17. Thit lp cc kt qu theo hnh ng.
18. Hin th cc kt qu hnh ng.
19. Thot khi chng trnh ansys.

2. 3. Chun b phn tch nhit
Bc 1: Chn bi ton u tin preferences.
thit lp u tin preferences:
1. Main menu > preferences
2. Bt b lc Thermal filtering.
3. ok.

2.4. Xy dng m hnh hnh hc build geometry
Bc 2: nh ngha cc im.
khai thc tnh i xng trong m hnh bi ton, m hnh dng mt na
ch L. u tin, dng mt hnh thang tng ng vi cc ng nt bn ngoi ca
40
khun bng cch nh ngha bn im ca bn gc hnh thang v sau nh
ngha din tch lin kt bn im .
1. Main Menu >
Preprocessor > -Modeling-
Create > Keypoints > In
active CS
2. Nhp s th t im 1 .
3. Nhp to a phng
0, 0, 0
4. Apply nh ngha im
1 (im 1 ti to 0, 0, 0).

5. Nhp s th t im 2.
6. Nhp to 22, 0, 0
7. Apply cho nh ngha
im 2.

8. Nhp s th t cho im
3 Keypoint .
9. Nhp to 10, 12, 0
10. Apply nh ngha
im 3.

11. Nhp s th t im
3 keypoint number.
12. Nhp to 0,12,0 .
13. ok.

41

Xo biu tng to ton th khng lm che khut tm nhn ca cc
im ti gc to .

14. Utility menu > Plotctrls > Window controls > Window options
15. t v tr tam gic sang Not shown.
16. OK
Bc 3: To din tch cho khun v vt c.
To din tch cho khun bng cch lin kt bn im.
1. Main menu > Preprocessor > -
Modeling- Create > -Areas-
Arbitrary > Through Kps
2. Kch im 1 n im 4 theo th
t. C th nhn thy kiu ng
3. OK to din tch (trong thc
n kch).
4. Thc n: save_db.

42
to din tch cho vt c, din tch c ly ra ("carve out") t din tch
th nht.
5. Main menu >
Preprocessor > - Modeling-
Create > -Areas- Rectangle >
by Dimensions
6. Nhp 4 v 22 cho to x.
7. Nhp 4 v 8 cho to y.
8. OK

9. Utility menu > Plotctrls
> Numbering

10. M kho s TT im.
11. M kho s tt din tch.

12. OK

13. Utility menu > Plot >
Areas
14. Main menu >
Operate > -Booleans- Overlap
> Areas
15. Kch All chn c 2
din tch trng nhau.
16. Main menu >
Delete > Area and Below

43
17. Kch din tch A3.
18. OK (trong thc n
kch) xo din tch A3
19. Thanh cng c:
save_db

2.5. nh ngha vt liu
Bc 4: nh ngha tnh cht vt liu.
nh ngha tnh cht vt liu khun ct Material Properties l vt liu s 1.
Tnh cht ca n khng bin i theo nhit

1. Main menu > Preprocessor > Material props > Material models
2. Kch p vo Thermal, Conductivity, Isotropic.

44
3. Nhp 0.025 cho Kxx.

4. OK
5. Kch 2 ln vo
Specific Heat.

6. Nhp 0.28 cho C.
7. OK
8. Kch 2 ln vo
Density.

45
9. Nhp
0.054 cho dens.
10. OK

Kim loi c c nh ngha l vt liu s 2. Cc tnh nht ca chng thay
i ln, khi kim loi ngui t pha lng n pha rn. V vy, chng c nhp vo
bng biu din s ph thuc tnh cht vo nhit .
Trc ht nh ngha nhit ph thuc h s dn in.
11. Material > New model

12. Nhp 2 cho Define
Material ID v kch OK.

13. Kch 2 ln vo Isotropic.
46

14. Kch vo Add
Temperature ba ln
vo to trng cho tng
4 nhit

15. Nhp 0 cho T1.
16. Nhp 2643 cho T2.
17. Nhp 2750 cho T3.
18. Nhp 2875 cho T4.
19. Nhp 1.44 cho Kxx
ti T1.
20. Nhp 1.54 vo Kxx
ti T2.
21. Nhp 1.22 cho Kxx
ti T3. 22. Nhp 1.22
cho Kxx ti T4.

47
Copy bn thng s nhit do c th dn chng sang hp thoi Enthalpy.

23. Chn cc nhit
bng cch gi nt
chut tri v ko ngang
theo hng nhit .
24. ctrl-c sao
nhit .
25. OK

Xc nh gi tr Enthalpy ph thuc nhit
26. Kch 2 ln vo Enthalpy.

27.Kch Add Temperature
3 ln to trng cho tng
s 4 nhit

48
28. Dn nhit vo hp
thoi nh a con tr vo
trng nhit T1 v n
ctrl-v.

29. Nhp 0 cho Enth ti T1.
30. Nhp 128.1 cho Enth
ti T2.
ti T3.
ti T4.
33. OK.

Bc 5: V quan h cc thuc tnh vt liu vi nhit
1. Trong ca s Material Models Defined Window, kch 2 ln vo
Thermal Conduct. (iso).

2. Kch vo Graph.
49

3. OK
4. Kch 2 ln vo Enthalpy.

5. Kch vo Graph.
50

6. OK
7. Material > Exit

8. Thanh cng c: save_db.

Bc 6: nh ngha kiu phn t.
nh ngha kiu phn t Element Type l Plane55.
51
1. Main menu >
Preprocessor > Element
Type > Add/Edit/Delete
2. Add mt Element Type.

3. Chn nhm phn t Thermal Solid

4. Chn phn t t gic 4 nt (plane55).
5. OK.
6. Close.

2.6. To li Generate Mesh
Bc 7 : To li m hnh .

52

Xc nh kch thc Smartsize l 4. iu cho php li nh hn mc
nh v s phn t nm trong gii hn ca ansys/ed

Meshtool
3. M SmartSizing.
4. a s kim sot v 4.

5. Kch Mesh.

Trc ht to li din tch khun.

Ch , thuc tnh vt liu c k
hiu l 1 nn khng cn phi t li
trc kh to li.

53
6. Kch din tch khun A5 (Cch
lm: t con tr vo nh ca din tch
nhn A5 v kch, l kiu kch
nng ).

7. OK.

Trc khi to li
cho din tch vt c, phi
thit lp thuc tnh vt liu
cho thp l 2.
8. Chn Global,
t Element Attributes.
9. t s vt liu
Material Number l 2.
10. OK.
11. Utility Menu > Plot >
Areas

12. Kch vo Mesh.

54

13. Kch vo din tch 4.

14. OK (trong thc n
kch)
15. ng Meshtool.

16. Utility menu > Plot
> Elements

Ch : Li c to ra c th khc so vi li nhn thy y. l do cc
kt qu ca to li, c th thy c mt vi thay i nh trong kt qu hu s
l. phn bit, cc phn t khp vi cc vt liu, c th biu din cc vt liu
khc nhau bng cc mu khc nhau.
55
17. Utility Menu > Plotctrls >
Numbering

Ch : Cc phn t vi vt liu 1
l ct. Cc phn t vi vt liu 2
l thp.

18. Thay phn t bng s vt
liu Material Numbers.
19. OK.

2. 7. t ti
Bc 8: t ti i lu trn ng bin ngoi.
t ti i lu ln cc ng bin ngoi ca m hnh khi. Cc ti tc dng
vo m hnh s t ng chuyn sang m hnh phn t hu hn trong sut qu
trnh gii.
1. Uility menu > Plot > Lines
Loads > -Loads- Apply > -Thermal-
Convection>On Lines
3. Kch vo 3 ng tip xc vi
khng kh.
4. OK (trong thc n kch).

56
5. Nhp 0.014 cho Film
Coefficient.
6. Nhp 80 cho Bulk
Temperature.
7. OK.

2.8. gii
Bc 9: nh ngha kiu phn tch.
1. Main Menu > Solution > -Analysis Type- New Analysis
2. Chn Transient cho kiu phn tch Type of Analysis.
3. OK.
4. OK chp nhn mc nh cho Full Transient Analysis.

57
Bc 10: Kim tra kim sot li gii.
Mc Approach v Assumptions ca ti liu c ch r rng li gii c
dng thit lp mt s chn la phi tuyn. Trong bc ny c th h tr trc
tuyn kim sot li gii c th kim tra chi tit cc tnh nng ny.
C th truy nhp ch tr gip bng cch kch vo nt Help t hp thoi
Nonlinear Solution Control.
1. Main Menu > Solution > -Load Step Opts- Solution Ctrl
2. Mc nh li gii.

Trc khi kch vo nt Help trong bc tip, cn lu rng cc thng tin tr
gip c th xut hin trong cng ca s vi ti liu, ni dung Replacing thay th.
Sau khi c xong tr gip, kch nt Back v ti liu hng dn. Nu thng tin
tr gip xut hin ca s khc ca hng dn, cn thu nh hoc ng li sau
khi c xong thng tin.
3. Kch Help c chi tit kim
sot li gii.
4. Cun Scroll chn tr gip.
nu thng tin tr gip c thay
th cho ca s hng dn, kch nt
Back quay v hng dn.
5. Cancel xo hp thoi.

58
Bc 11: Xc nh iu kin ban u cho bi ton dng (transient).
Nhit ban u ca khun l 80
0
F v ca kim loi c l 2875
0
F. Chn i
tng thit lp ng cc nt trn t nhit ban u. u tin, chn din
tch c (Casting Area), sau chn cc nt lin kt vi din tch v t nhit
ban u ca kim loi c vo cc nt . Sau , o ngc t chn nt v p
nhit mi trng cho nt ca khun.

1. Utility menu > Plot > Areas
2. Utility menu > Select
>Entities
3. Chn Areas.
4. Apply.
5. Kch din tch 4 ( Casting).

7. Chn Nodes.
8. Chn Attached to.
9. Chn Areas, All.
10. Apply.
Nodes


59
Loads- Apply > Initial Condit'n >
Define
13. Kch All chn tt c cc
nt.

14. Chn Temp
nh ngha tham s cho dof
15. Nhp 2875 cho gi tr u
ca dof.
16. OK.
17. Utility Menu > Select >
Entities
18. Invert (l lnh t li nt
c o ngc ).
19. Kt thc ng hp thoi
Select Entities .
20. Utility menu > Plot >Replot
21. Min Menu > Solution > -
Loads- Apply > Initial
Condit'n > Define
22. Kch All chn tt c cc
nt.
23. Nhp 80 cho gi tr u ca
dof.
24. OK

60
Ch : Lun phi chn Everything khi chn nt kt thc!
25. Utility Menu > Select > Everything
Bc 12: t thi gian, bc tin thi gian v cc tham s lin quan.
iu kin bin nm gia vng kim loi nng chy nhit 2875
0
F, vi
khun nhit mi trng. Chng trnh s chn bc thi gian t ng
khong thi gian thay i ph thuc vo tnh phi tuyn trong h thng (chng ly
s nh hn bc thi gian chuyn bin pha). Thi gian bc ln nht v nh nht
biu din gii hn cho cc th tc t ng.
1. Main menu > Solution > -Load Step Opts- Time/Frequenc > Time-
Time Step
2. Nhp 4 (gi) cho thi gian Time ti cui bc t ti.
3. Nhp 0.01 cho khong thi gian ca bc u tin.

61
4. Chn stepped loading.
5. Nhp 0.001 cho khong thi gian nh nht Minimum Time Step Size.
6. Nhp 0.25 cho khong thi gian ln nht Maximum Time Step Size.
7. OK.
Bc 13: Thit lp kim sot u ra (Output Controls)
1. Main menu > Solution > -Load Step Opts- Output Ctrls >
Db/Results File
2. t File ghi tn xut (Frequency) cho Every Substep.
3. OK.
4. Thc n: save_db.

Bc 14: Gii (Solve).
1. Main menu > Solution > -Solve- Current LS
2. Xem cc thng tin trong ca s trng thi, sau chn. File > Close
(windows), hoc Close (x11/motif), ng ca s.
3. OK bt u gii.
4. ng ca s thng bo khi gii kt thc Done.
62

Khi ansys ang phn tch, mn hnh Graphical solution tracking (gst)
v biu theo di qu trnh hi t "Absolute Convergence Norm", nh mt hm
ca "Cumulitive Iteration Number." Ch , li gii c coi l ng khi chng
hi t vi mt gi tr nh hn hoc bng chun hi t (Convergence Criteria).

63
2.9. Xem kt qu
Bc 15: Nhp hu x l li gii theo thi gian v nh ngha bin
(Time-History Postprocessor) .
Dng Time-History Postprocessor tm kim bin nhit bin i theo
thi gian ti mt im trn vt c.
1. Main menu >
TimeHist PostPro
2. Utility Menu >
Plotctrls > Numbering
3. Bt Node
Numbers.
4. S th t biu din
bng mu v bng s.
5. OK.

6. Utility Menu > Plot
> Elements

Nt tm khun trn mt i xng l nt cn quan tm. dng "Get
function" nh ngha mt bin bng gi tr ca s nt ti v tr quan tm
(16,6,0). Do s dng bin nh ngha nt ti tm im, phn tch s linh hot,
v nt tm lun c s dng trong cc php ton nh chia li, nh s nt,
hoc thay i.
64
7. Utility Menu > Parameters
> Scalar Parameters
8. nh ngha bin: "Cntr_pt =
Node (nt) (16,6,0)".
9. Accept.

Ch thch: Tm c nh
s, s ny c th thay i phn
bit khi chia li.

10. Close.

11. Main Menu > TimeHist PostProc > Define Variables

12.Add.
13. OK. Cho kt qu tnh theo bc t do nt DOFF.
65

14. Kch vo nt tm .
15. OK. (trong thc n kch).
16. Nhp tm to nhn User-Specified Label.

17. OK.

18. Close.

66

Bc 16: V quan h nhit v thi gian.

1. Main Menu > TimeHist
Postpro > Graph Variables
2. Nhp 2 cho bin th
nht v.
3. OK, v kt qu ti
tm im Cntr_Point l hm ca
thi gian.

Ch : Nhit kt tinh ca kim loi trong khong t 2643
0
F n 2750
0
F.

Bc 17: Thit lp hot hnh kt qu.

Hot hnh qu trnh kt tinh kim loi. quan st tt hn qu trnh kt tinh,
nh ngha 3 ng bao, mt ng bu din kim loi lng (T ln hn 2750
0
F),
mt ng biu din kim loi kt tinh (T nh hn 2643
0
F), v ng th 3
biu din cc th gia.
thc hin hot hnh, cn nhp General Postprocessor v c bc kt
qu u.
67
1. Main Menu >
General Postproc > -
Read Results- First Set
2. Utility Menu >
Plotctrls > umbering
3. Bt v Node
Numbers.
4. Hu nh s
phn t.
5. Khng v li.
6. OK.
7. Utility Menu >
Plot > Elements
8. Utility Menu >
Plotctrls > Style >
Contours >
Non_Uniform Contours

9. Nhp 2643 nh ngha V1, ng bin trn ca ng bao u tin.
68
10. Nhp 2750 cho V2, ng bin trn ca ng bao th 2.
11. Nhp 3000 nh ngha V3, ng bin trn ca ng bao th 3.
12. OK.
Bc 18: Hot hnh kt qu.
1. Utility Menu > Plotctrls >
Animate > Over Time
2. Nhp 30 cho s nh Number
Of Frames cn to.
3. Kho Auto Contour
Scaling.
4. OK.

Trong qu trnh to hot hnh, khi to hot hnh, ch c 3 mu khc nhau,
mu biu din nhit ln hn 2750
0
F (Thp nng chy), mu xanh cho nhit
nm gia 2643
0
F v 2750
0
F ( l vng chuyn bin pha), v mu xanh cho
nhit di 2643
0
F (thp kt tinh v khun ct). vng cui cng kt tinh l
vng tm ca vt liu (Ch dng m hnh i xng).

69
5. Chn Animation Controller ( khng trnh din), nu cn, chn Close.
quan st trng nhit ca m hnh sut 4 gi kt tinh, to hot hnh
phn b trng nhit vi nh kiu v ng bao. thay i nh kiu ng
bao sang gi tr mc nh, nhp /cval trong ca s Input Window ca ansys.
Ch : /cval l lnh c s dng thit lp kiu ng bao. Cng c th lu
gi bng cch quay v mn hnh Non_Uniform Contours v thit lp gi tr
khng "0".
6. Nhp "/cval" v n phm Enter/Return

7. Utility Menu > Plotctrls > Animate > Over Time

8. OK.
9. Chn trong Animation Controller (khng trnh din), nu cn sau
chn Close.
70

Bc 19: Thot khi chng trnh ansys.
1. Thanh cng c:
quit.
2. Chn Save
Everything.
3. OK.

Khi thot chng trnh ansys, c th xem hnh ng bng cc
phn mm chy File *.AVI.
Bi 3.
Bi ton va p
Tnh ng sut v bin dng ca hp ri (Container)

Phm vi bi ton
Bi ton
nh ngha kiu phn tch
Xy dng m hnh hnh hc
nh ngha kiu phn t, c trng hnh hc
nh ngha vt liu
To li
t ti
Gii
Xem kt qu

3.1. Phm vi bi ton:
Cc mun s dng ANSYS/LS-DYNA, ANSYS/ED
Mc kh d D
Thi gian thc hin bi ton 60 n 90 pht
Lnh vc chuyn mn Bi ton kt cu
Kiu bi ton
Bi ton ng (Phng php
Explicit)
Kiu phn t SHELL163
Cc c trng bi ton
M hnh khi, hng pht sinh ca
nt, v phn t, ton t Boolean, tham
s mng, chia li t ng, hnh ng.
Tham kho
Hng dn phn tch cu trc
Chng 14, Phn tch ng Explicit

3.2 bi ton
y l mt qu trnh phn tch ng th ri mt hp nhm ln mt mt bn
bng thp. Nh hnh di, hp ny c c 5 mt, kch thc 20 inches cho tt c
cc mt v dy 0.1 inches . N c quay 45
o
so vi cc trc X, Y, Z . Mt bn
l mt tm thp hnh vung c kch thc 100 inches cho mi cnh v dy 0.1
inches . Ch c duy nht mt lc tc dng ln hp l khi lng ca bn thn hp.
N c th ri t mt khong cch 72 inches. Bi ton l in hnh ca kim
nghim qu trnh ri. Mc tiu ca bi ton l chng minh kh nng gii bi
ton ng lc hc ca ANSYS/LS-DYNA dng gii cc bi ton bin dng
ln v tip xc phc tp.

iu kin ban u
Cc kch thc ca hp v mt bn c biu din trn. Hp c lm
bng hp kim nhm vi m un n hi l 0.3E6 psi, t trng l 2.5E-4 lbf-
sec
2
/in
4
, h s Poisson l 0.334, ng sut chy l 5 000 psi, v m un tip tuyn
l 20 000 psi. Mt bn c lm bng thp Carbon vi mun n hi l 30.0E6
psi, t trng l 7.3E-4 lbf-sec
2
/in
4
, v h s Poisson l 0.292.
Cc gi thit
Trong sut qu trnh ri t do, hp ch n gin chu tc ng ca gia tc
trng trng. tit kim thi gian ca CPU, ta s ch bt u phn tch cao
20 inches so vi mt bn v s dng vn tc ban u l 200 inches mi giy
m phng li 52 inches u tin ca qu trnh ri t do. 200 inches mi giy ch
l gn ng xut pht t cng thc V
f
= SQRT (2*a*s) vi V
f
l vn tc thi
im cui cng, a l gia tc trng trng v s l qung ng. B qua sc cn
khng kh.
Gi s mt bn l cng vng v hp tun theo tiu chun chy do von
Mises vi ng bin cng 2 on.
V tr ban u
nghing gc
45
0
vi 3 trc
X, Y, Z
dy
Mt bn thp
S dng m hnh khi to ra mu 3-D ca hp to li. Dng to trc
tip cc nt v cc phn t cho m hnh mt bn. Mt bn s c coi l phn t
rn v ch c mt phn t.

Tm tt cc bc
nh ngha kiu phn tch
1. Thit lp kiu phn tch
Dng m hnh hnh hc
2. To hp
nh ngha kiu phn t , Cc hng s thc, Kiu tnh cht vt liu
3. nh ngha kiu phn t
4. nh ngha hng s thc
5. Xc nh m hnh vt liu
To li
6. To li hp
7. To phn t mt bn
8. To cc thnh phn mt bn
9. To cc thnh phn mt bn
10. Xc nh tham s tip xc

t ti
11. t tc ban u cho hp
12. t gia tc cho hp
Gii
13. Kim tra xut kt qu
14. Gii
Xem kt qu
15. Hot hnh ng bao ng sut
16. Hot hnh hp bin dng
17. Thot khi ANSYS

3.3. nh ngha kiu phn tch
Bc 1: Thit lp chn khoa hc tnh
Thit lp Preferences lc cc vn lin quan

1. Main Menu >
Preferences
2. Chn Structural.
3. Chn LS-DYNA
Explicit.
4. OK.

3.4. Xy Dng m hnh hnh hc
Bc 2: To hp.
n gin, to mt khi ba chiu c cng kch thc bn ngoi ca hp, v
sau xo i phn khi v mt khng cn thit. Trc ht hy xoay khng gian
lm vic theo ng hng ban u.
Offset WP by Increments
2. Thay i thanh trt n 45.
3. Kch 1 ln quay mt phng
lm vic quanh X theo chiu dng.
4. Kch 1 ln quay mt lm
vic theo chiu dng Y.
5. Kch 1 ln quay mt lm
vic quanh Z theo chiu dng.
6. OK.
Display Working Plane (Toggle
Off).

> -Modeling- Create > -Volumes-
Block > By Dimensions
9. Nhp -10, 10 cho to X-ca
hp
10. Nhp -10, 10 cho to Y
ca hp
11. Nhp -10, 10 cho to Z
ca hp
12. OK.

> -Modeling- Delete > Volumes
only

14. Pick All xo th tch.

Numbering
16. Bt Area numbers.

17. OK.


> -Modeling- Delete > Areas only

20. Kch vo Area 4.

21. OK (trong picking menu).

Replot


3.5. nh ngha Kiu phn t, c trng hnh hc
M phng hp va p ln mt bn c dng thnh mng, nn s dng phn t
tm m phng m hnh vt l. Phn t chn l SHELL163, mt phn t cu
trc tm mng. Phn t bn nt c th c s dng cho c hai trng hp m
phng trong mt phng v cc ti php tuyn.
1. Main Menu >
2. Add kiu phn t.
3. Chn LS-DYNA
Explicit family of
elements.
4. Chn Thin Shell
163.
5. OK.
Xc nh phn t S/R
co-rotational Hughes-Liu
gim hin tng
(hourglass modes) chia
li khng u .

6. Chn Options.

7. Chn S/R co-
rotation.

8. OK.

9. Close.

Bc 4: nh ngha hng s thc.
nh ngha chiu dy ca phn t tm bng cch nh ngha trong hng s
thc.
1. Main Menu >
Preprocessor > Real Constants
2. Add.
3. OK nh ngha hng s
thc cho phn t tm Shell163.
Ch : V khng c i tng
No. of integration pts. (NIP), nn
s dng gi tr mc nh 2, vi
mc ch chng minh, gi tr mc
nh l 2 l tho mn. Tuy nhin
trong nhiu trng hp phn tch
phi tuyn khc, NIP phi c
thit lp ln hn 2.

4. Nu cc phn t c dy
nh nhau, ch cn dy ti
nt 1 cn phi nh ngha.
V d, nhp 0.1 cho dy
ti nt 1.
5. OK.
6. Close.

3.6 nh ngha vt liu
Bc 5: Xc nh m hnh vt liu
Xc nh m hnh vt liu cho mt tip xc v mt b tip xc (mt ch).
1. Main Menu
> Preprocessor >
Material Props >
Define MAT model
2. Add xc
nh Mat 1 (mt
bn).

3. Chn Other
4. Chn Rigid
cho Rigid body
5. OK

6. Nhp 7.3e-4 cho
DENS.
7. Nhp 30e6 cho
EX.
8. Nhp 0.292 cho
NUXY.
9. Cun xung v
chn All disps. cho
Translational
constraint parameter.
10. Cun xung v
chn All rotations cho
Rotational constraint
parameter.
11. OK.

12. Add xc nh
Mat 2 (container).
13. Chn Plasticity.
14. Chn Bilinear
Kinemat.
15. OK.

16. Nhp 2.5e-4 cho
DENS.
17. Nhp 10.3e6 cho
EX.
18. Nhp 0.334 cho
NUXY.
19. Nhp 5000 cho
Yield Stress.
20. Nhp 20000 cho
Tangent Modulus.
21. OK.
22. Close.
23. Toolbar:
SAVE_DB.

3.7. To li
Bc: To li cho hp.
Trong li gii tng minh ANSYS/LS-DYNA, thi gian phn tch ph thuc
rt ln vo phn t nh nht trong m hnh. Chnh v vy, t c cc kt qu
tt cn s dng kch thc phn t ging nhau.
V d, s dng kch thc phn t mc nh, s cho kch thc li 3x3 trn
mi b mt ca hp.

MeshTool
2. Chn Global, thit lp cho
Element Attributes.
3. Chn Material number 2.
4. OK.
5. Chn Area meshing.

6. Chn Mapped meshing.

7. Kch Mesh.

8. Pick All (trong picking menu)
chia li cho tt c cc din tch


Bc 7: To phn t cho mt bn.
Mt bn c nh ngha nh mt mt cng, v th ch cn s dng 1 loi
phn t duy nht. To m hnh phn t bn nt.

Pan, Zoom, Rotate
2. Chn Obliq.
3. Close.
Numbering
5. M Node numbers.
6. OK.

7. Chn Global, Set cho
Element Attributes.
8. Chn Material number 1.
9. OK.
10. Close trong Mesh Tool.

11. Main Menu >
Preprocessor > -Modeling- Create
> Nodes > In Active CS
12. trng s nt, cho chng
t nh s.
13. Nhp -50, -20, -50 cho X,
Y, Z .
14. Apply to nt gc tri
xa.
15. Nhp -50, -20, 50 cho X,
Y, Z .
16. Apply to nt gc tri
gn.

17. Nhp 50, -20, 50 cho X, Y,
Z
18. Apply to nt gc phi
gn.
19. Nhp 50, -20, -50 cho X,
Y, Z .
20. OK to nt gc phi xa.

To phn t:
21. Main Menu >
Preprocessor > -Modeling- Create
> Elements > -Auto Numbered-
Thru Nodes

22. Theo chiu kim ng h,
kch vo 4 nt c to.

Elements

Bc 8: To cc thnh phn ca hp.
Phn ln cc thut ton tip xc i hi cc thng s tip xc, m chng c
th l cc thnh phn hp thnh, chi tit IDs, hoc chi tit ca cm IDs.Trong
hng dn ny to mt thnh phn lm ra cc nt t hp.
Entities
2. Chn Elements.
3. Chn By Attributes.
4. Chn Material num.
5. Nhp 2.
6. Apply.

7. Chn Nodes.
8. Chn Attached to.
9. Chn Elements.
10. OK.
Comp/Assembly > Create
Component
12. Nhp "BOX" cho Component
name.
13. Chn Nodes cho Entity.
14. OK.
Everything

Bc 9: To cc thnh phn ca mt bn

1. Utility Menu > Select > Entities
2. Chn Elements.

4. Chn Material num.
5. Nhp 1.
6. Apply.
7. Chn Nodes.
8. Chn Attached to.
9. Chn Elements.
10. OK.
Comp/Assembly > Create
Component
12. Nhp "TABLE" cho
Component name.
13. Chn Nodes cho Entity.
14. OK.
Everything

Bc 10: Xc nh tham s tip xc.
Trong qu trnh phn tch hin tng tip xc, cc thut ton tip xc xp x
c chn la cho ra nhng kt qu tt nht. Tuy nhin, do trng thi t nhin
ca bi ton, cc iu kin tip xc s khng th d on c. Nn, bng vic t
ng chn cc nt cho b mt tip xc, chng trnh s t ng iu chnh
nhng bin i xut hin trong qu trnh m phng. Do kh nng p dng ca n,
cc nt t ng trn b mt tip xc c thit lp nh mt mc nh .
1. Main Menu > Preprocessor > LS-DYNA Options > Contact > Define
Contact
2. Vi Contact Type, chn Surface to Surf v Automatic (ASTS).
3. OK.
4. Chn BOX cho Contact Component.
5. Chn TABLE cho Target Component.
6. OK.

3.8. t ti
Bc 11: t tc ban u cho hp
1. Main Menu >
Solution > Initial Velocity
> w/Nodal Rotate
2. Chn BOX
component.
3. Nhp -200 cho
Initial velocity trong to
ton th Y .
4. OK.

Trong php phn tch
ng hc tc thi, ti trng
phi c nh ngha trong
khong thi gian xy ra

qu trnh phn tch. lm
c iu , hy to mt
mng cha d liu ny.

5. Utility Menu >
Parameters > Array
Parameters > Define/Edit
6. Add.
7. Nhp "TIME" cho
array Parameter name.
8. OK

9. Edit.

10. Nhp 0 v 1 cho
khong 2 thi gian

11. File > Apply/Quit

12. Add.

13. Nhp "ACCG" cho
array Parameter name.

14. OK.

15. Chn Parameter
ACCG.

16. Edit.

17. Nhp 386.4 v
386.4 cho 2 gia tc.

18. File > Apply/Quit

19. Close.

Bc 12: t gia tc cho hp.

Loading Options > Specify Loads
2. Cun xung v chn ACLY.
3. Chn BOX cho Component
name.

4. Chn TIME cho Parameter
name for time values.

5. Chn ACCG cho Parameter
name for data values.

6. OK.

3.9. Gii
Bc 13: Xc nh cc iu khin ra.
1. Main Menu >
Solution > Time Controls >
Solution Time
2. Nhp 1.0 cho thi
gian cui Terminate at
Time:
3. OK.
4. Main Menu >
Solution > Output Controls
> File Output Freq >
Number of Steps
5. Nhp 50 cho s bc
cho kt qu Results file
Number of Output Steps.
6. Nhp 50 cho s bc
kt qu theo thi gian Time-

History Number of Output
Steps.
7. OK.
8. Main Menu >
Solution > Analysis
Options > Energy Options
9. M (On) Stonewall
Energy v tt nng lng
khc Energy Options (off).
10. OK.

Bc 14: Gii.

1. Main Menu >
Solution > Solve
2. Xem cc thng tin
trong mn hnh trng thi,
sau chn: File > Close
(Windows)
3. OK bt u gii.
Ch : Ca s kim tra s
xut hin nhc nh. Thng
bo c to ra do lin kt
mt bn bng nh ngha l
phn t cng, chng khng c
bc t do. V vy, cc cnh
bo ny thng b qua.
4. Yes.
Tin hnh gii trong 5-10
minutes.
5. Close.

3.10. Xem kt qu
Bc 15: Hot hnh ng bao ng sut.

1. Utility Menu >
Plot > Elements
2. Utility Menu >
PlotCtrls > Pan,
Zoom, Rotate
3. Chn Front.
4. Close.
5. Utility Menu >
PlotCtrls >
Numbering
6. Tt (off) Node
numbers.
7. OK.

8. Main Menu >
Read Results- First set
9. Utility Menu >
PlotCtrls > Animate >
Over Results
10. M (on)
Auto contour scaling.
11. Chn
Stress.
12. Chn von
Mises.
13. OK.

14. Chn
trong Animation
Controller (khng thy),
nu cn, sau
chn Close.

Bc 16: Hot hnh hnh dng bin dng.

Animate > Over Results
2. M (on) Auto contour scaling.
3. Chn DOF Solution.
4. Chn Deformed Shape.
5. OK.

6. Chn Animation Controller
(khng thy), nu cn, sau chn Close.

Bc 17: Thot ANSYS .

1. Toolbar: Quit.
3. OK.

Kt thc
93
Bi 4
BI TON PHN TCH CU TRC -
CC TH TC V LNH
Bi ton dao ng dm l bi ton thng gp trong phn tch cu trc. Bi
ny gii thiu cch nhp cc bi ton phn tch cu trc.
KHI NG

94
Sau khi khi ng ANSYS, Xut hin ca s Interactive. Cn chn ng dn
lm vic, t li tn cho bi ton (Jobname), nh li s vng lm vic v s File.
Sau khi chn bm Run vo ANSYS.
Chn bi ton, c cc dng bi ton kt cu, nhit, dng chy, in t.
Chn bi ton kt cu. Nhp vo Reference trong Main Menu, hp thoi chn bi
ton xut hin v nh du chn bi ton.
Lnh: Main Menu > Reference > Structural

Chn xong bm OK chp nhn.

PREPROCESSOR - Tin x l.
Vo tin x l thit lp m hnh hnh hc, chn dng phn t, nhp v tnh
cc c trng hnh hc mt ct. Nhp cc tham s vt liu.
Khai bo v la chn phn t: Trong bi ton kt cu cn chn ng kiu phn
t, phi nhp cc hng s c trng hnh hc. Tip sau cn chn m hnh vt liu.
95
Trong Mun phn tch Modal, cho php chn v nhp cc thng s hnh hc ca
mt ct thng dng. Trong xy dng m hnh hnh hc, c th to m hnh mi
vi s dng cc thut ton boolean.
Nhp thuc tnh vt liu, vt liu tuyn tnh v phi tuyn thng qua cc hp
thoi.
Chia li: ANSYS c kh nng chia li t ng, kim tra c li, chn kiu li,
thay i kiu v kch thc li.
ANSYS cn c kh nng iu khin cc qu trnh xy dng m hnh hc theo
ng mun. C th thit lp bi ton kp v chu k.
ng thi c th thit lp t ti v mi trng tu thuc bi ton.

Khai bo phn t
Khai Hng s Real
Khai bo vt liu
Chn hnh dng mt ct
----------------
M hnh ho
To m hnh mi
Php ton logic
Dch chuyn/Thay i
Copy
Lm mi
Kim tra hnh dng
Xo
Cp nht hnh hc
-----------------------
Tnh cht
nh ngha
Cng c chia li
Chia li
Kim tra kch c li
Chn kiu chia li....
Rng buc
Li
Thay i li
Kim tra li
Xo
--------
iu khin kim tra
iu khin nh s
Lu gi m hnh
BT kp/Ceqn
Chu k
------
t ti
Mi trng vt l

96
Khai bo kiu phn t
Main Menu > Element Type

Chn phn t t th vin
Vo lnh: Add/Edit/Delete...
Hp thoi chn phn t xut hin. C cc kiu phn t kt cu: Khi lng Mass,
Thanh Link, Dm Beam, ng Pipe, Khi c Solid, tm v Shell. Ngoi ra cn c
cc phn t khc. Th d: Chn phn t Mass. Trong m hnh phn t 3D c 1
dng phn t khi lng Mass21.

i vi cc thanh s dng phn t LINK. Chn phn t Link, cho php tnh ton
vi phn t ch chu lc dc theo phn t. Khng c lc un. C 1 phn t 2D v
4 phn t 3D. Phn t Link c cc dng 2D v 3D.

Kiu phn t:
Thm/Son tho/Xo...
Bt kho v Kiu phn t
Thm Bc t do
Xo bc t do

97

i vi i tng l dm, cn chn phn t dm. Chn phn t Beam cho php
tnh ton dm c din tch tit din v chu un. Cn nhp cc c trng hnh
hc ca mt ct. Phn t BEAM gii cho cc dm n hi, dm do, cc phn t
3D bin dng hu hn, phn t 3D 2 nt hoc 3 nt.

Trong phn tch cu trc, ANSYS c th gii cc bi ton tnh v thit k h
ng ng vi phn t PIPE. Khi gii bi ton dng ng ng, cn xc nh cc
dng ng gp khc tnh s tn tht thu lc. Mi on c c tnh ring cn
s dng mt dng phn t. Trong nhm phn t Pipe (ng) c cc dng phn t
n hi, do, phn t ngm di nc. Trong dng n hi c ng thng, ng ch
T v gc khuu. Trong ng do mm ch c phn t thng v phn t gc khuu.

98
Cc chi tit c kh thng c dng hnh hc phc tp, nhng di khng
ln, v vy phi chn phn t SOLID. Phn t SOLID chim v tr rt ln trong
bi ton kt cu. Chn phn t Solid c th 2D v 3D. Theo s nt c chia
thnh hnh t gic 4 nt, 8 nt; tam gic 3 nt, phn t phng i xng, phn t
dng hp, phn t dng thp. S dng phn t c a ra ph hp vi vic chia
phn t bo m sai s chia phn t l t nht.
Phn t v SHELL: l dng phn t dng cho phn tch cc chi tit dng v
mng. C v n hi, do, siu n hi. Chn phn t Shell tnh bi ton v
mng khng gian khng xt n chiu dy.

Vt liu siu n hi

Vt liu siu n hi nh cao su, c cc phn t 2D v 3D.

n hi phi tuyn Mooney-Rivlin

99
Vt liu nht

Chuyn i phn t
Kiu phn t chuyn i: Trong phn tch kt cu, s dng nhiu dng bi ton
khc nhau, c th tin hnh gii cc bi ton trng kp, ng tc dng. C th
tnh song song bi ton tng minh (Explicit) v bi ton ngu nhin (Implicit);
tnh chuyn bi ton c v nhit, bi ton t v nhit, bi ton dng chy thu lc
sang bi ton kt cu v ngc li. S dng kho chuyn kiu phn t chuyn
bi ton.

Thm cc bc t do
Cc bc t do c nh ngha theo chuyn v UX, UY, UZ, quay ROTX, ROTY,
ROTZ, nhit , in p Von, tc VX, VY, VZ, p lc Pres...
100

Khai bo hng s thc Real Constant
Tu cc kiu phn t cn in vo hp thoi cc gi tr ph hp: din tch mt ct,
chiu cao, chiu rng, chiu dy, mmen qun tnh mt ct...

101

nh ngha chiu dy cho cc nt ca phn t Shell

i vi phn t Shell, cn nhp chiu dy. Chiu dy phn t Shell c
nh ngha theo 4 gc I, J, K, L, gc quay, v khi lng trn n v din tch.
Cng c th nhp chiu dy phn t Shell theo hm.
Nhp cc s th t hm chiu dy theo th t nt.

102
Nhp thuc tnh vt liu

Th vin thuc tnh

nh ngha n v cho nhit : c 3 n v nhit c th chuyn i. n v nhit
Kelvin, Celsius v Fahrenheit.

Nhp cc thuc tnh vt liu cho m hnh c nh ngha:
Mi vt liu c nh s v nhp thuc tnh ca chng. Cc m hnh vt liu
gm: Vt liu kt cu, Nhit, in t, m hc, cht lng, p in.

ng dn th vin
Trng thi ng dn th vin
Nhp th vin
Xut th vin
Chn n v
103

Trong vt liu kt cu : C vt liu tuyn tnh n hi, vt liu phi tuyn n hi
v phi n hi. Trong vt liu phi n hi c vt liu bin cng ng hng, bin
cng ng, bin cng ng kt hp vi ng hng, bin cng d hng, vt liu
t bin.
Nhp cc thuc tnh vt l nh mt Density, h s dn n nhit
Thermal Expansion coef, h s hm Damping, h s ma st Friction Coeficient...
104
Chuyn i h s dn n nhit

Thit k m hnh mt ct

Nhp mt ct t th vin

Mt ct
-Beam
Mt ct chung
Mt ct nh ngha
V mt ct
-Biu din
Biu din li
i tn
i vect php tuyn
Danh sch mt ct
Xo mt ct

105

Nhp cc thng s hnh hc mt ct qua Beam Tool. Beam Tool l cng c
nhp cc thng s hnh hc ca mt ct. Sau khi nhp m hiu v tn, vo Sub-
Type chn dng mt ct. Sau khi chn, nhp cc gi tr ca tham s hnh hc.
Nu c thm mt ct, bm Apply nhp tip.

Chia li
Vo Mesh Tool nh dng chia li.
Cch chia li cng nh cc bi khc.

K hiu

Tn
Kiu mt ct

Offset theo trc

Cc thng s hnh hc

Chiu rng

Chiu cao

106
SOLUTION - Gii
Pha th 2 ca ANSYS l SOLUTION. Trong cn: chn dng phn tch bi
ton, nhp iu kin bin-ti v ra lnh gii.
ANSYS cho nhp cc kiu phn tch mi, khi ng li.
Trong bi ny chn Modal.

Chn dng phn tch

Solution
Kiu phn tch
Phn tch mi
Khi ng li
Kim sot li gii
Nhp ti
Thit lp ti
p dng ti
Xo ti
Thao tc
Chn bc gii
c bc gii t File

Gii
Bc gii hin thi
T File Bc gii
Gii cc b
107
Vo New Analysis. Hp thoi kiu phn tch xut hin. Thng thng
mc nh l phn tch tnh. Khi phn tch dao ng vo nt Modal.
OK chn.

Chn kiu phn tch bi ton dao ng
Trong phn tch dao ng cn chn cc phng php tnh: Block Lanczoc,
Subspace, Powerdynamics, Reduced, Unsymmetric... Chn mode n Extract.

108
Vi bi ton i xng:

Chn kiu xut d liu

109
Thit lp li mi trng phn tch

Nhp nhit gc

Nhp ti b mt

110
Nhp hm ti b mt qua s hiu nt.
Nhp theo iu kin bin nhit: i lu hoc dng nhit.

Thay hoc thm bc t do

Thay hoc thm lc

111
Thay hoc thm ti b mt

Thit lp li tham s ti

112
Lm trn d liu tp

Thay hoc thm ti nt ca vt th
113

Cc lnh nhp ti trong phn tch kt cu

114
Nhp Chuyn v- Lc/ mmen- p lc-Nhit

Nhp chuyn v
Trn ng
Trn din tch
Trn im
trn nt
iu kin bin i xng
Trn ng
.. din tch
Trn din tch
Trn nt
iu kin bin khng i xng
Trn ng
.. din tch
Trn din tch
Trn nt

Nhp ti Lc/ Mmem
Trn im
Trn nt
T phn lc
T phn tch t trng

Nhp ti p lc:
Ti trn ng, din
tch, nt
p lc trn phn t
p lc t phn tch
thu lc

Nhp ti nhit :
Trn ng,
Din tch,
Th tch,
im
Nt
T phn tch nhit
....
115
Son tho hm

POSTPROCESSOR - HU X L
ANSYS c th xut kt qu bng nhiu hnh thc khc nhau, d liu khng ph
thuc thi gian v d liu ph thuc theo thi gian.
C th chn d liu v File kt qu, cng c th cho kt qu di dng tng hp.
Cc kt qu c xp loi theo bc thit lp x l Set. Theo Set u tin, Set tip
theo, Set trc, Set cui cng. Cng c th xut kt qu theo bc t ti, theo
bc t thi gian.
116
C th xut kt qu bng hnh v Plot, bng bng List.
C th xut kt qu theo nt, theo phn t.

Tu theo yu cu, vo trong cc mc chn c th. Sau khi chn, hp thoi xut
hin, c th vo tip hoc nhp cc tham s theo yu cu.
thc hnh, xem Th d phn th I.

General Postproc Hu x l chung
Chn d liu v File
Kt qu tng hp
c kt qu
Thit lp u
Thit lp tip theo
Thit lp trc
Thit lp sau cng
Theo bc t ti
Theo thi gian/tn s
Theo s thit lp
Dao ng i xng
FLOTRAN 2.1A
V kt qu
Lit k kt qu
Xp hng kt qu
Xem kt qu
Tnh Nt
Bng phn t
Ton t bc
Trng hp Ti
Ghi kt qu
Th m hnh ho
Tnh in t
Tnh mi
H s an ton
nh ngha/thay i
Kt qu nt
Kt qu phn t
D liu bng phn t
117
Bi 5
Bi ton dao ng
Phn tch dao ng cnh my bay

Ni dung:
c im bi ton
M t bi ton
u bi
Xy dng lp m hnh hnh hc
nh ngha vt liu
Chia li
t ti
Gii
Xem kt qu
5.1. c im bi ton:
Cc m un ANSYS c th s dng
ANSYS/Multiphysics,
ANSYS/Mechanical, ANSYS/Structural,
ANSYS/ED
Mc kh D
Thi gian hc 30 n 45 pht
Lnh vc khoa hc Bi ton kt cu
Ku phn tch Bi ton ng modal
Kiu phn t PLANE42 v SOLID45
Cc k thut c trng M hnh khi, ng cong ni vi kiu
118
vect, vut vi chia li, chn ph hp
kiu phn tch ng v hot hnh.
Cc tr gip
Applicable Help Available:
.Chapter 3. Modal Analysis, Elements
Reference - PLANE42, Elements
Reference - SOLID45
5.2. M t bi ton
y l bi ton phn tch ng n gin cnh my bay. Cnh c hnh dng u
theo chiu di, din tch mt ct c nh ngha bng cc ng thng v cc
ng ni cong. Mt u c lin kt cng vi thn, mt u t do. Mc ch
ca bi ton l xc nh tn s dao ng t do v s bin i hnh dng (mode
shapes).

5.3. u bi
Kch thc ca cnh nh hnh v. Cnh c lm bng vt liu PE mt
thp vi m dun n hi 38x10
3
psi. H s Poisson's 0.3, v mt 8.3E-5 lbf-
sec
2
/in
4
.
Cc gi thit
Gi thit u cnh c gn vi thn my bay c lin kt ton b bc t
do. Cnh l vt rn, thuc tnh vt liu khng i v vt liu ng hng. S dng
m hnh hnh hc to m hnh 2-D ca mt ct cnh, chia li hp l v s
dng lnh vut t ng to chiu di cnh.
119
gim thi gian dng m hnh, to tit din u ti mi mt ct. C th
to m hnh cnh theo cch to cc im.
Trong th d ny, vic chia li cn th, nhng cng hiu c phng
php.

Tm tt cc bc
lm bi luyn tp, cn tin hnh tun t theo cc bc sau:
Thit lp m hnh
1. To cc im theo ta
2. To cc ng thng v ng cong ni cc im
3. To cc din tch cnh
nh ngha vt liu
4. Thit lp chn
5. Xc nh cc hng s thuc tnh vt liu
Chia li
6. nh ngha kiu phn t
7. Chia li din tch
8. Vut din tch thnh chia li khi
t ti
9. Hy chn phn t 2D
10. t tn lin kt cho m hnh
Gii
11. Xc nh kiu phn tch v chn.
12. Gii
Xem kt qu
13. Lit k tn s ring
14. Hot hnh 5 kiu bin i hnh hc
15. Thot ANSYS

120
5.4. Xy dng m hnh hnh hc
Bc 1: To im theo to cho trc.
> -Modeling- Create >
Keypoints > In Active CS
2. Nhp 1 cho s im
(keypoint) ANSYS s t ng
nh s im nu trng cn
trng. Khuyn nn nhp s
cho tng im.
3. Nhp 0,0,0 cho to X,Y,Z
ca im 1. ( y, nu
trng, ANSYS s mc nh
cho tr bng khng).
4. Apply.
5. Nhp 2 cho s im
Keypoint .
6. Nhp 2,0,0 cho to X,Y,Z .
7. Apply.
8. Nhp 3 cho Keypoint
number.
9. Nhp 2.3,0.2,0 cho X,Y,Z .
10. Apply.
number.
12. Nhp 1.9,0.45,0 cho X,Y,Z .
13. Apply.

121

number.
15. Nhp 1,0.25,0 cho X,Y,Z .
16. OK.

Bc 2: To ng thng v ng cong ni gia cc im
> -Modeling- Create > -
Lines- Lines > Straight Line
2. Kch im 1, 2, 5, 1 theo th
t (im 1 ti gc to ).
3. OK (trong menu kch).
Dng cc im 2 qua 5 v ng
cong xc nh phn cong ln ca
tit din cnh. ANSYS cung cp chn
la xc nh hng ca vc t tip
tuyn ca im u v im cui ca
ng cong. Dng cch chn ny
xc nh ng cong sao cho dc
t 0 ti y dn chuyn bng 0,25 ti
nh.
> -Modeling- Create > -Lines-
Splines > With Options > Spline

122
thru KPs
5. Kch im 2, 3, 4, 5 theo th
t.
6. OK ( trong menu kch).
7. Nhp cc s sau:
XV1 = -1
YV1 = 0
ZV1 = 0
8. Nhp:
XV6 = -1
YV6 = -0.25
ZV6 = 0
9. OK.

Bc 3: To din tch mt ct.

Modeling- Create > -Areas-
Arbitrary > By Lines
2. Kch vo c 3 ng.

3. OK ( menu kch).


5.5. nh ngha vt liu
Bc 4: Thit lp chn lc.
Thit lp preferences lc s dng mc cn thit.
123
1. Main Menu > Preferences
2. Chuyn v Structural .
3. OK.

Bc 5: Xc nh hng s thuc tnh vt liu.
1. Main Menu >
Preprocessor > Material
Props > Material Models
2. Kch 2 ln vo
Structural, Linear, Elastic,
Isotropic.

3. Nhp 38000 vo EX.

4. Nhp .3 cho PRXY.
5. OK.

124
6. Kch 2 ln vo
Density.
7. Nhp 8.3e-5 cho
DENS.

8. OK.

9. Material > Exit

5.6. Chia li

Bc 6: nh ngha kiu phn t .
nh ngha 2 kiu phn t: phn t 2-D v phn t 3-D. Chia li tit din ngang
phn t 2-D, v vut din tch to phn t 3-D. Chia li c ko dc theo
chiu di cnh to bng vut 3-D.
125
1. Main Menu >
2. Add.
3. Structural solid family
of elements.
4. Apply chn Quad
4node (PLANE42).
5. Structural solid family
of elements.
6. Chn Brick 8node
(SOLID45).
7. OK.
8. Close.

126
Bc 7: Chia li din tch.
> Mesh Tool
2. t global size controls.
3. Nhp 0.25 cho chiu di cnh
phn t element edge length.
4. OK.
5. Mesh.
6. Pick OK (trong menu kch).
7. Close.

8. ng Close Mesh Tool.
Khi thit k bi tp ny, s nt b
gii hn . Nn thng dng phn
t 4-node PLANE42 t khi dng
phn t 8-node PLANE82. Ch ,
chia li PLANE42 c c phn t
tam gic. PLANE82 khng lm vic
cho n khi t chiu di cnh
Global Element Edge Length (t
0.25).
Ch : Vic chia li l ph hp
vi cc thit lp trn.

127
Bc 8: Vut din tch c chia li thnh chia li khi c
Trong buc ny, th tch 3-D c to ra t phn t SOLID45, kiu phn t 2,
vut thnh 3D.
> -Modeling- Operate > Extrude >
Elem Ext Opts
2. Chn 2 (SOLID45) cho kiu
phn t Element type number.
3. Nhp 10 cho No. of element
divisions.
4. OK.
> -Modeling- Operate > Extrude >
-Areas- By XYZ Offset
6. Kch All (trong menu kch).
7. Nhp 0,0,10 cho Offsets for
extrusion theo hng Z .
8. OK.
9. Close.
Dng SOLID45 chy chng
trnh trong s to ra mt s cnh
bo.Nu khng dng ANSYS/ED
th SOLID95 (20-node brick) c
s dng cho kiu phn t 2. Dng
PLANE82 v SOLID95 to ra thng
bo v hn ch s phn t khi vt
10 hn s 127 phn t.

128
Pan, Zoom, Rotate
11. Chn ISO.
12. Close.


5.7 t ti
Bc 9: Hu chn phn t 2-D .
Trc khi t lin kt c nh 1 u cnh, cn hu chn ton b chn phn t
PLANE42 dng trong chia li 2-D.
1. Utility Menu > Select > Entities
2. Chn Elements.
4. Chn Elem type num.
5. Chn 1 cho element type
number.
6. Chn Unselect.
7. Apply.

129
Bc 10: t lin kt cho m hnh.
Lin kt c t cho m hnh ti tt c cc nt gn cnh v thn my bay. Chn
tt c cc nt ti z = 0, sau t chuyn v.

1. Chn Nodes.
2. Chn By Location.
3. Chn Z coordinates.
4. Nhp 0 cho to Z .
5. Chn From Full.
6. Apply.
Loads > -Loads- Apply > -
Structural- Displacement > On
Nodes
8. Pick All (trong menu kch)
kch chn tt c nt c chn.
9. Chn ALL DOF.
10. OK. (Ch : Khi
Displacement gi tr trng, c ngha l
bng 0.)
Chn tt c cc nt.
11. Chn By Num/Pick.
12. Chn All chn tt c d
liu.
13. Cancel ng hp thoi.

130
5.8 Gii
Bc 11: Xc nh kiu phn tch v chn la.
Main Menu > Solution > -
Analysis Type- New Analysis
1. Chn Modal.
2. OK.
Analysis Type- Analysis Options
4. Block Lanczos phi c
chn (Block Lanczos lun mc
nh phn tch modal).
5. Nhp 5 cho No. of modes
extract.
6. Nhp 5 cho No. of modes
expand.
7. OK.
8. OK. (Tt c cc gi tr khc
mc nh phn tch.)

131
Bc 12: Gii.
Solve- Current LS
2. Xem cc thng tin trong ca s
trng thi, chn:
hoc
Close (X11 / Motif), ng ca
s
3. OK bt u gii.
4. Yes.
5. Yes.
Trn c s cc da liu nu, cc
cnh bo c chp nhn. Cc thng
bo c a ra trn ca s kim tra,
trong phn t PLANE42 c
nh ngha, nhng khng c dng
trong phn tch. chia li mt ct
2D.
ng Close khi ca s thng
bo gii xong solution is done.

132
5.9 Xem kt qu
Bc 13: Lit k tn s ring.
Main Menu > General
Postproc > Results Summary
Close,sau khi thy danh sch.
Ch : Cc kt qu c th xem bng
ny c th khc nhau do vic chia phn
t khc nhau.

Bc 14: Hot hnh 5 ch hnh dng (mode shapes).
1. Main Menu >
General Postproc > -Read
Results- First Set >
2. Utility Menu >
Mode Shape
3. OK.
Quan st kiu th nht:

4. Chn trong
Animation Controller
(khng trnh din), nu thy
cn, sau chn ng
Close.

133
Hot hnh kiu tip
5. Main Menu >
General Postproc > -Read
Results- Next Set
6. Utility Menu >
Mode Shape
7. OK.

Quan st kiu th 2:

Lp li cc bc 4 n 7 trn, v xem 3 kiu chnh.
Quan st kiu th 3:

Quan st kiu th 4:

134
Quan st kiu th 5:

Bc 15: Exit chng trnh ANSYS

Toolbar: QUIT.
Chn Quit - No Save!
OK.

Kt thc

135
Bi 6
Bi ton dng chy
Phn tch dng chy tng v chy ri 2D
Laminar and Turbulent Flow Analyses in a 2-D Duct

Ni dung
c im bi ton (Problem Specification)
u bi (Problem Description)
Tin x l (Preprocessing) Phn tch qu trnh chy tng
Gii (Solution) Phn tch dng chy tng
Hu x l (Postprocessing) Phn tch dng chy tng
Gii (Solution) Phn tch dng chy tng vi thay i vn tc u vo
Hu x l (Postprocessing) Phn tch dng chy tng vi thay i vn tc
u vo
Tin x l (Preprocessing) Phn tch dng chy tng vi tng chiu di
ng
Gii (Solution) Phn tch dng chy tng vi tng chiu di ng
Hu x l (Postprocessing) Phn tch dng chy tng vi tng chiu di
ng
Gii (Solution) Phn tch chy ri
Hu x l (Postprocessing) Phn tch chy riError! Bookmark not
defined.

6.1 c im bi ton Problem Specification
Cc sn phm ansys s dng :

ANSYS/Multiphysics, ANSYS/FLOTRAN,
ANSYS/ED
Mc kh:Error! Bookmark
not defined.
Kh
Yu cu thi gian thc hin 1-1/2 n 2gi

136
Lnh vc khoa hc :Error!
Bookmark not defined.
Tnh ton ng lc hc cht lng -
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
Kiu phn tch:Error! Bookmark
not defined.
Tnh
Kiu phn t c s dng:
Error! Bookmark not defined.
FLUID141
M t c im ca bi
ton:Error! Bookmark not
defined.
M hnh khi v ln bn mng li, rt
gn trn Toolbar, gii FLOTRAN, cc
biu din vecto, cc th ng, hng i
ti cc li gii, nh ng m t phn t.

6.2 u bi Problem Description
Bi ton ny m hnh ho dng kh trong ng 2D. u tin nh ngha mt
tc u vo m phng dng chy tng vi s Reynolds bng 90. Sau khi
nhn c kt qu v kim tra s tng tc u vo nghin cu hiu ng tc
n profil dng chy v c kt qu mi. Sau , phn th 3 tng chiu di
ng cho php dng chy m rng c li gii ca ton tit din. Cui cng,
sau khi tnh ton vi s Reynols ln hn 4000, s thnh m hnh chy ri.

iu kin ban u
Cc kch thc & cc iu kin
Chiu di ng vo 4 in
Chiu cao ng vo 1 in
Chiu di on chuyn tip 2 in
Chiu cao ng ra 2.5 in
Chiu di ban u ng ra 4 in
di ng ra thm vo 30 in
137
Mt khng kh 1.21x10
-7
lbf-s
2
/in
4

nht khng kh 2.642x10
-9
lbf-s/in
2

Vn tc vo 1 in/sec*
p lc ra 0 psi
*Gi tr ban u s thay i t 1 n 50 sau mi ln khi ng li .

Cc gi thit
Thc hin phn tch 2D, s dng FLOTRAN phn t FLUID141.Vn
ny c phn chia lm bn phn :
- Phn tch dng chy ri ca khng kh vi h s Reynolds l 90.
- Nghin cu nh hng ca vn tc vo n trng thi dng chy khi vn
tc tng ln s dng m hnh chy tng .
- Phn tch dng chy tng ca khng kh khi chiu di ng tng ln,
theo di mt cch y hn s pht trin hin trng dng chy .
- Phn tch dng chy ri ca khng kh vi cc h s Reynold n khong
~4600.
i vi tt c cc li gii, p dng cng mt vn tc ti u vo. iu ny
bao gm c vic xc nh tc bng khng ti u vo theo hng vung gc
vi dng chy vo. p dng cc iu kin vn tc khng ti tt c cc thnh ng
(bao gm c nhng ni thnh ng giao nhau cc u ra v cc u vo). Cht
lng c xem nh l khng nn c v c th gi s rng tnh cht ny s l
khng i. Trong nhng trng hp nh vy, ch c gi tr trung bnh ca p sut
l quan trng, v gi tr ca p sut bng khng c p dng ti u ra ca ng.
i vi qu trnh phn tch ban u, dng chy ch chy tng (h s
Reynold < 3000). tnh h s Reynolds ca dng chy cho cc dng chy bn
trong ng phng trnh c tnh nh sau :
(Ch : Trong m hnh 2D, ng knh ca ng gp hai ln chiu di)
Tng vn tc vo n 50 in/s cho ln phn tch th hai (chnh do h s
Reynolds) v s tin hnh li qu trnh gii.
Profil dng chy trong ln phn tch th hai ch ra rng dng chy khng
pht trin y , v th bc logic tip theo s phi l tng chiu di ca ng
cho profil phc tp hn. Tng chiu di ca ng ln 30 in v gii li.
138
i vi cc dng chy kn, chuyn sang chy ri khi phm vi h s
Reynolds khong 2000-3000. Do , i vi qu trnh gii sau, dng khng kh
trong ng (s Reynolds ~4,500), dng chy s l chy ri . i vi qu trnh phn
tch sau cng, s bt u qu trnh gii vi vic s dng m hnh chy ri, s khi
ng li phn tch (thay cho tnh li n) v phm vi bi ton khng b thay i.

Tm tt cc bc
S dng thng tin trong bi ton v cc bc di y nh mt hng dn
gii bi ton. S dng giao din trc din theo tng bc gii bng vic chn la
lin kt cho bc 1.
Trc khi bn bt u, hy xo cc file kt qu (.rfl) t cc phn tch CFD
trc vn cn nm trong th mc lm vic. Nu bt u giai on phn tch
ANSYS khi ng qu trnh phn tch CFD mi, v s dng cng
mt jobname t mt file c lu tr trong qu trnh phn tch CFD trc ,
chng trnh s khng bt u t cc lnh , m bt u li v gn vo files vi
cng mt ci tn (Jobname.rfl v Jobname.pfl). trnh trng hp , hy xo
cc file kt qu ny khi bt u mt qu trnh phn tch CFD mi. trnh tnh
trng ny, cn i tn jobname thnh mt tn khc, cha c s dng trong qu
trnh phn tch CFD trc. Bn c th thay i tn ca jobname trc khi bt u
ANSYS, hoc trong qu trnh bng cch chn Utility Menu > File > Change
Jobname.
Tin x l -phn tch qu trnh chy tng
1. Thit lp cc lc u tin.
2. nh ngha kiu phn t.
3. To hnh ch nht cho phn u vo.
4. To hnh ch nht cho phn u ra.
5. To vng chuyn tip cho cc hnh ch nht.
6. To m hnh li.
7. To li PTHH.
8. To lnh trn Toolbar.
9. p dng cc iu kin bin.
Gii - Phn tch dng chy tng
10. Thit lp thuc tnh dng chy.
11. Sp t cc iu khin thi hnh.
12. Thay i cc iu kin lin quan.
139
13. Thc hin qu trnh gii FLOTRAN .
Hu x l - Phn tch dng chy tng
14. . c cc kt qu trong hu x l.
15. V cc vecto vn tc.
16. V ton b cc ng p lc.
17. To nh ng vn tc ca cc phn t nh.
18. To hnh ca ng i vn tc xuyn sut li ra.
Gii - Phn tch dng chy tng vi thay i vn tc u vo
19. Tng vn tc u vo.
20. Chy qu trnh phn tch.
Hu x l - Phn tch dng chy tng s dng vn tc vo mi
21. V ton b cc ng p lc.
22. Hot nh vn tc ca cc phn t nh .
23. To hnh ca ng i vn tc .
Tin x l - Phn tch dng chy tng vi tng chiu di ng
24. Xa iu kin bin p sut.
25. V thm vng ra.
26. Thit lp phn chia li cho hnh ch nht mi v to li.
27. p dng iu kin bin cho vng mi.
Gii - Phn tch dng chy ri chiu di mi ca ng
28. Thay i jobname v tin hnh gii.
Hu s l - Phn tch dng chy ri chiu di mi ca ng
29. c cc kt qu v in vect vn tc
30. V ton b cc ng p sut.
31. To nh ng vn tc ca cc phn t nh.
32. To hnh ca ng i vn tc.
33. Tnh h s Reynolds .
Gii - Phn tch dng chy ri
34. Chn li gii FLOTRAN v thc hin cc qu trnh iu khin
35. Bt u li qu trnh phn tch.
Hu x l - Phn tch dng chy ri
36. V ton b cc ng p sut
37. To hnh ng vn tc dng chy
38. To hnh ng vn tc
39. Thot ANSYS
140

6.3. Tin x l - Phn tch dng chy tng

Bc 1: Thit lp cc u tin.
Thit lp Preferences kt ni cc mc lin quan n lnh vc khoa hc
ng hc thy kh.
1. Vo Menu >
Preferences
2. Bt FLOTRAN CFD
3. OK.

Bc 2: nh ngha phn t.

1. Main Menu
> Preprocessor >
Element Type >
Add/Edit/Delete
2. Add thm
kiu phn t mi.

3. Chn FLOTRAN CFD
141

4. Chn phn t 2D
FLOTRAN (FLUID141).
5. OK.
6. Close.

Bc 3: To hnh ch nht cho ng vng vo
1. Main Menu >
Create > -Areas- Rectangle
> By Dimensions
2. Nhp cc s sau:
X1 = 0 ;
X2 = 4
3. Nhp cc s sau:
Y1 = 0
Y2 = 1
4. Apply to hnh
ch nht th nht v hin hp
thoi vo tham s cho hnh
ch nht th hai.

Bc 4: To hnh ch nht u ra.
1. Nhp cc s:
X1 = 6
X2 = 10
2. Nhp cc s:

142
Y1 = 0
Y2 = 2.5
3. OK.
4. Thanh cng c:
SAVE_DB.

Bc 5: To vng qu gia cc hnh ch nht
Vng chuyn tip, ni m dng chy m rng, c tip gip vi phn ln
nht bng ng tip tuyn trn n mt ng trn ca c hai hnh ch nht.
ng thng ny c to ra bng chn "Tangent to 2 lines". Ch du nhc
trong ca s nhp Input Window cho bit mc cn phi kch chn (cc ng
thng lines, u cui ca cc ng thng Ends of Lines).
Din tch c to l mt mt tu xuyn qua bn im. Ch l mt ny
c bao bng cc ng i qua cc im .
Modeling- Create > -Lines- Lines >
Tan to 2 Lines
2. Kch vo ng th nht (ng
nm trn ca hnh ch nht bn tri).
4. Kch vo cui ca ng tip
tuyn ca ng th nht (gc trn
phi).
6. Kch ng th hai (ng trn
ca hnh ch nht ln).
8. Kch vo im cui ca ng
tip tuyn ca ng th hai.
9. OK to ng
Kt qu l mt ng mm gia 2
din tch.
To din tch th 3 nh mt din
tch bt k qua cc im.

143
> -Modeling- Create > -Areas-
Arbitrary > Through KPs
11. Kch 4 gc ngc chiu kim
ng h.

12. OK.

13. Thanh cng c: SAVE_DB

Bc 6: Thit lp m hnh li.
to mt m hnh li, thit lp c kch thc dc theo cc ng
thng (LESIZE lnh). Vic thit lp li phn t hu hn rt quan trng trong
phn tch CFD.
Phng php phn t hu hn cho nhiu phn t hn trong cc min
vi li gii gradients bc cao p dng y. Mt li s chng trnh
nm bt c cc hin tng ca t nhin. V d, mt vng tun hon nh m
rng sang vng ln. Mt s lng ln hn ca cc phn t c p dng bao hm
mt mc cao cc chi tit ca dng sao cho thng tin c nm bt.
p dng 10 phn t trong mt nm ngang (Y) v nghing rt nh
hng theo nh v y bin. Chnh iu s gip cho vic nm bt lp ng
bin c hiu qu. Vi h s Reynolds cao, s dng cc li mn. Dc theo dng
chy vo theo trc (X) trong ng vo, s dng bng s liu di y.
Thng s chia li
Trc nm ngang (Y) 10 khong chia - nghing v pha
144
thnh ng
Vng ng ra,dng chy theo trc (X)
15 khong chia - nghing v pha ng
ra v ch chuyn tip
Vng chuyn tip 12 khong chia - khong u nhau
Vng ng ra (lc u)
15 khong chia - cc phn t ln hn
gn ng ra

V ng thng.

Mesh Tool
3. Chn Lines Set.
4. Kch vo ng trn dng
hng dc theo ca vo.

5. Apply (trn thc n kch).
6. Nhp 15 vo No. of element
divisions.
7. Nhp -2 vo Spacing ratio
(Th tc cho c phn t nh gn 2
u).
8. Apply.
Chn T l li nh hn gn ng
vo, ni dng chy bt u m rng,
v vng ng knh ln, vng nyc

145
s phn t ln hn, cc phn t s
c tnh bng cc phng trnh
gradients bc cao. Vng ny l vng
chuyn tip ca dng chy.
Ta s lp li qu trnhkch bng
kch chn cc ng thng v nhp s
cc khong chia v t l, s dng tham
s phn chia li trn. Ch t l
chia li c p dng theo chiu ca
cc ng, cc phn t ln hn s nm
phn cui ca cc ng thng. Nh
vy, t c phn t nh hn 1 cho
ng thng cao hn vng ra v c
ln hn 1 cho ng thng ng
thp. (Hng ca cc ng thng
theo hng ngc chiu kim ng h,
theo hng c to ra.)
Vng qu :
9. Kch ng trn v di ca
din tch gia.

10. Apply (trong thc n pich).
divisions.
12. Nhp 1 vo Spacing ratio
(khong cch u).
13. Apply.
Vng ra:
14. Kch vo ng trn v di
vng ra
15. Apply (trong thc n kch).
16. Nhp 15 vo No. of Element

146
Divisions.
17. Nhp 3.0 vo Spacing ratio
(hng ra u ra).
18. OK.

Ch rng ng nm trn cao
khng nghing v pha ng ra. ng
thng nghing phi c lt
"flipped."
19. Chn Flip trong Mesh Tool.
20. Kch vo cc ng nm trn.

21. OK (trong menu kch).

Hng ct ng:
22. Chn Lines Set.
23. Kch vo 4 ng ct ng.
24. OK ng menu kch.
divisions.
26. Nhp -2 vo Spacing ratio
(t ln nghing ca thnh trn v y).
27. OK.

147

Bc 7: Chia li phn t.

148
1. Chn Mapped mesher.
2. Chn Mesh.
3. Pick All.
4. ng Close trong Mesh Tool.

Bc 8: To lnh trong Toolbar.
Tin li khi thit lp mt lnh trn Toolbar tt hin th ca ma trn
cho ti gc to . Thc hin thao tc ny bng cch vo menu controls trn
Utility Menu v sau chn edit the Toolbar.
Nhp tn lnh v bn thn lnh ny nh l s rt gn.
1. Utility Menu > MenuCtrls >
Edit Toolbar
2. Enter tri,/triad,off.
3. Accept.
4. Close.
5. Thc hin rt ngn triad
abbreviation.

Hiu ng xo triad t ln hin
sau. Nh vy s khng lin cung hin

149
kt qu v, khng lm ln hnh.

Bc 9: t iu kin bin.
t vn tc 1 inch/s theo hng to X(VX) ti u vo ca ng, v
vn tc khng theo chiu ngang ca ng vo (VY trong to Y). Cc vn tc
khng c t dc theo cc thnh ng v p sut khng c t vo u ra ca
ng. Tt c nhng iu kin ny by gi c p dng cho tt c cc ng.
p dng iu kin bin ng vo .
> Loads > -Loads- Apply > -
Fluid/CFD- Velocity > On Lines
2. Kch ng vo inlet line
(ng thng ng ti u vobn
tri).

3. OK.
4. Nhp 1.0 cho VX.
5. Nhp 0.0 cho VY.
6. OK.

p dng cc iu kin bin
thnh ng. Chn cc ng to nn
cc thnh ng v sau t cc vn

150
tc khng theo ta X v Y.
8. Kch vo 6 ng nm trn
v y m hnh,
9. OK.
10. Nhp 0.0 cho VX v VY.
11. OK t iu kin .

t iu kin u ra:
12. Main Menu >
Preprocessor > Loads > -Loads-
Apply > -Fluid/CFD- Pressure
DOF > On Lines
13. Kch ng bin u ra,
ng thng ng bn phi..

14. OK.

15. Nhp 0 cho gi tr p
lc Pressure value.
16. t Set endpoints vo Yes.
17. OK.

n y, m hnh phn t
hu hn c hon thnh v cc
menu FLOTRAN c truy cp

151
xc inh cc tnh cht ca cht lng
theo chiu di vi mi iu khin
FLOTRAN yu cu.

6.4. Gii - Phn tch tng Laminar Analysis
Bc 10: Thit lp thuc tnh dng chy.
Thuc tnh dng chy c thit lp theo th nguyn h Anh inches-lbf-
seconds.
FLOTRAN Set Up > Fluid
Properties
2. Chn AIR-IN cho mt
v nht.
3. OK.
4. OK.

152

Bc 11: t kim tra thc hin.
Chn kim tra thc hin t FLOTRAN Set Up Menu.

1. Main Menu >
Solution > FLOTRAN Set Up >
Execution Ctrl
2. Nhp 40 cho bc gii
chung bi ton hi t Global
iterations (Ch : 40 global
iterations c tnh bt k khng hn
bo m hi t.)
3. OK p dng
v close.

153
Bc 12: Thay i cc iu kin tham chiu.
Tham chiu p sut c thay i t gi tr mc nh l 101 KPa thnh
14.7 psi duy tr vic nht qun thit lp cc n v.
Cng nh vy, chun Nominal stagnation v nhit tham chiu c
thay i t 293
o
K n 530
o
R bng cch t chng n 70
o
R v thm vo nhit
offset l 460
o
R.
FLOTRAN Set Up > Flow
Environment > Ref Conditions
2. i p sut thnh 14.7 psi
(tng ng 1 atmosphere).
3. i cc nhit chun, hm v
chn thnh 70
o
R.
4. i nhit offset t nhit
tuyt i 0 thnh 460
o
R.
5. OK.
Ch : Theo la chn, c th
Zoom-In vo vng tun hon kn (Pan,
Zoom, Rotate menu -- chn mt trong
cc nt vi ng trn to) .

Bc 13: Thc hin li gii FLOTRAN.

1. Main Menu > Solution > Run
FLOTRAN
Khi chy FLOTRAN, ANSYS s
v th tc thay i trc giao
"Normalized Rate of Change" theo
di li gii hi t.

2. ng ca s thng tin khi li
gii xong.

154
6. 5. Hu x l - Phn tch chy tng
Bc 14: c kt qu
Nhp hu x l chung v c kt qu gii ln cui v hnh v kiu vect.
1. Main Menu > General Postproc > -Read Results- Last set
Bc 15: V vc t tc
1. Main Menu >
General Postproc > Plot
Results > -Vector Plot-
Predefined
2. Chn li gii DOF
solution .
3. Chn Velocity V.
4. OK.
Hnh v vect tc th
hin vng xoy chim
phn trn ca ng.

Bc 16: V ng bao p lc tng.
1. Main Menu >
Results > -Contour Plot-
Nodal Solu
2. Other quantities.
3. Chn Total
Pressure. PTOT.
4. OK.

155
Bc 17: Hot hnh tc vt cc ht.

1. Main Menu >
Results > -Flow Trace-
Defi Trace Pt
2. Kch 2 hoc 3 im
nm trong vng vo v 1
hoc 2 im trong vng xoy
(dc theo thnh ca vng
qu ).
3. OK (trong menu
kch).
4. Utility Menu >
Particle Flow
6. Chn Velocity VX.
7. OK.
B qua li cnh bo v
s ln nht ca cc vng lp
(Chn Close). ANSYS to ra
dng chy ca ht, trn c
s xp x, nhng cha gy
ng vng lp.
Hnh v vt kt qu
ch ra hng i ca dng
ht dc ng.
8. Chn Animation
Controller (khng trnh
din), nu cn, sau chn
Close.

156
Bc 18: To hnh v ng i ca tc qua ca ra.
1. Main Menu >
General Postproc >
Path Operations >
Define Path > By Nodes
2. Kch vo im
thp nht v cao nht ca
ca ra.

3. OK (Kch menu
kch).
4. Nhp
OUTLET cho Path
Name.
5. OK.
6. File > Close
(Windows)
7. Main Menu >
General Postproc >
Path Operations > Map
onto Path
8. Nhp nhn l
VELOCITY .
9. Chn DOF
Solution.
10. Chn Velocity
VX.
11. OK.

12. Main Menu >

157
General Postproc >
Path Operations > -Plot
Path Item- On Graph
13. Chn nhn
VELOCITY nh nh
ngha trc.
14. OK to v
ng i.
15. ng li mi
thng bo .

nghin cu tip, tng tc u vo ln 50 inches/second.
6.6. Gii -Phn tch dng chy tng vi vic tng tc
u vo
Bc 19: Tng tc ca vo.
Vn tc u vo nh hng n bin dng dng chy. Tng vn tc ca
vo n 50 s dn n tng h s Reynolds. Tr li t cc hm ti trng v
thay i vn tc ca vo,sau thc hin li gii t mt tn file khc.
Loads- Apply > -Fluid/CFD- Velocity
> On Lines
3. Kch vo ng ti ca vo u
cng bn tri.

4. OK (trong menu kch)
5. Nhp 50 cho VX.
6. Nhp 0 cho VY.
7. OK.

158
Bc 20: Chy phn tch
Khng phi khi ng li qu trnh gii trc. thay th phn chy,
i tn v chy li qu trnh phn tch. C th khi ng li FLOTRAN t mt
li gii trc, chn mt vn tc cao hn t lc u.
1. Utility Menu > File
> Change Jobname
2. ng thot Solution.
3. Nhp "NewVelocity"
cho tn file.
4. OK.
5. Main Menu > Solution
> Run FLOTRAN

Graphical Solution
Tracker hin ra.
6. Close.

Lp li th t cc bc ca
hu x l xem hiu qu ca vic
tng tc ca vo. Cc bc nh
sau:
Postproc > -Read Results- Last
Set
Postproc > Plot Results > -
Vector Plot- Predefined
10. Chn Velocity V.
11. OK.

159
6.7. Hu x l -Phn tch chy tng khi dng tc ca
vo mi
Bc 21: V ng bao p lc tng
1. Main Menu
> General Postproc
Plot Results > -
Contour Plot-
Nodal Solu
2. Chn Other
quantities.
3. Chn Total
Pressure PTOT.
4. OK.
ng bao kt
qu ch r p lc tnh
v ng trn ton
din tch ng.

Bc 22: Hot hnh tc vt cc ht.
1. Main Menu >
Defi Trace Pt
2. Kch 2 hoc 3 im
vng vo v 1 hoc 2
im dc theo thnh trn
ca vng qu .
3. OK (trong menu
kch).
4. Utility Menu >
Particle Flow
5. Chn DOF
Solution.

160
6. Chn Velocity VX.
7. OK.
B qua mt s thng
bo gii hn ln nht ca
bc lp(Chn Close).
ANSYS to ra dng chy
cc ht da trn c s xp
x khng gy ra vic
ng cc vng lp.
ng v vt kt qu
ch ra ng i ca dng
ht sut chiu di ng.

8. Chn Animation
Controller (not shown),
sau chn Close.

Bc 23: To hnh v ng tc qua ca ra.
1. Main Menu >
General Postproc > Path
Operations > Define Path
> By Nodes
2. Kch vo im thp
nht v cao nht ca ca ra.

3. OK (trong menu
kch).
4. Nhp OUTLET cho
Path Name.
5. OK.
6. File > Close
(Windows)

161
Xc nh tc theo
phng X v vo ng
i
7. Main Menu >
Operations > Map onto
Path
8. Nhp nhn
VELOCITY .
9. Chn DOF
Solution.
10. Chn Velocity VX.
11. OK.
12. Main Menu >
Operations > -Plot Path
Item- On Graph
13. Chn nhn
VELOCITY nh nh ngha
trc.
14. OK to hnh v
ng i
15. ng li mi cnh
bo.

Hnh ng i kt qu ch ra rng, ng cong nghing v phn cui ca
ng ra. Nh vy, dng chy lc ny cha pht trin y . (Ch , nu hnh v
hin ra nh hnh nh ngc, l v o th bc ca vic kch chn, chn t
im cao nht n thp nht thay cho phi chn t im thp nht cho n im
cao nht ti ng ra.)

Bc tip theo, nu chiu ca ng ra c tng ln, dng chy c th t
c profil pht trin y .
Tng chiu di ca ng ln 30 inches

162
6.8 Tin x l - Phn tch dng chy tng vi tng
chiu di ng
Bc 24: Xo iu kin bin p lc.
Cc kt qu vi trng hp nht thp hn ch ra rng, vng tun hon
m rng, ph hp kch thc ca ng ra. cho php dng chy pht trin
hon ton bng thi gian cn tm ch thot, nh vy cn c khong rng
cho dng pht trin.

1. Main Menu > Preprocessor > Loads > -Loads- Delete > -Fluid/CFD-
Pressure DOF > On Lines
2. Pick All (trong Picking menu) xo ht iu kin bin p sut.

Bc 25: Thit k thm vng ra

> -Modeling- Create > -Areas-
Rectangle > By Dimensions
2. Nhp x s sau:
X1 =10
X2= 40
3. Nhp cc s sau:
Y1 = 0
Y2= 2.5
4. OK.
Hnh ch nht mi c duy nht
cc im v cc ng thng. Chng
phi c trn vi cc phn tng
ng din tch ang tn ti..
> Numbering Controls > Merge
Items
6. Chn All cho Type of items
to be merged.

163
7. OK.
Thng bo: mt ng thng
cha chia li c ni vi ng
thng c chia li c. l
iu c th. ng hp thng bo.
8. Close.


Bc 26: Thit lp cc php chia li cho hnh ch nht mi v to
li.

1. Main Menu >
Preprocessor > Mesh Tool
2. ChLines Set.
3. Kch vo ng cui
vng ra mi.

4. OK (trong picking
menu).
5. Nhp 10 cho No. of
Element divisions (nh trc).
6. Nhp -2 cho Spacing
ratio.
7. Apply.
L li th tc ny cho cc
ng thng pha trn v di
ca hnh ch nht.
8. Chn cc ng thng
nm trn v di ca vng ra mi.
menu).

164
10. Nhp 20 cho No. of
element divisions.
11. Nhp 3 cho Spacing
ratio.
12. OK.
Lt ngc ng trn cng.
13. Chn Lines Flip.
14. Kch ng trn cng.

menu).
17. Chn Mesh.
18. Kch vo din tch ra.

19. OK (trong picking menu)
bt u chia li.

20. ng Close Mesh Tool.

Bc 27: t cc iu kin bin cho vng mi.
Phi t iu kin bin cho khu vc mi. t vn tc khng cho c hai
hng dc theo thnh ng v p sut khng ti mt u vng ra.
165
3. Kch vo thnh trn v thnh
di khng c iu kin bin..
5. Nhp 0 cho VX v VY.
6. OK.

t bin p lc ti u ra.
Fluid/CFD- Pressure DOF > On
Lines
8. Kch vo mt u ra mi.

10. Nhp 0 cho Pressure value.
11. Set endpoints t vo Yes.

12. OK t iu kin bin.

166
6.9 Gii - Phn tch dng chy tng s dng chiu di ng
mi
Bc 28: Thay i jobname v thc hin li gii.
Do phn thm vo ca ng ra thay i phm vi ca bi ton, i hi
mt qu trnh phn tch mi. Bn c th bt u mt phn tch mi bng cch
thay i Tn jobname t Utility Menu.
Ch : mt thng bo s xut hin yu cu phi thot khi bc s l gii
i tn.
1. Utility Menu > File >
Change Jobname
2. Close thot khi Solution.
3. Nhp tn mi "newLength"
cho new jobname.
4. OK.
C th bt u phn tch mi
bng cch xo i file cha cc kt
qu, c tn l file.rfl (c mc
nh). C th xo file ny bng mt
trong hai cch sau :
Utility Menu > File > File
Operations > Delete
Kch file name, sau chn
OK hoc thc hin lnh /SYS v
xo file bng lnh h iu hnh h
thng thch hp. ANSYS s t ng
i tn cho mt file cc kt qu
khng ng.
By gi thc hin li gii mi.
Run FLOTRAN
6. Close, ng ca s thng tin
khi thc hin xong solution is done.

167

6.10 Hu x l - Phn tch dng chy tng vi chiu di
ng mi
Bc 29: c cc kt qu mi v biu din cc vecto vn tc.
1. Main Menu >
Read Results- Last
Set
2. Main Menu >
General Postproc >
Plot Results > -
Vector Plot-
Predefined
3. Chn DOF
Solution.
4. Chn Velocity
V.
5. OK.

Bc 30: Biu din ton b cc ng p sut.
1. Main Menu >
General Postproc >
Plot Results > -
Contour Plot- Nodal
Solu
2. Chn s khc
Other quantities.
3. Chn p lc ton
th Total Pressure
PTOT.
4. OK.

168
Hnh v ng bao biu din ton b cc p sut tnh v ng xut hin
trong ng.

Bc 31: Hot hnh vn tc ca vt cc phn t.
1. Main Menu >
Defi Trace Pt
2. Kch vo 2 hoc
3 im quanh vng ng
vo v m hoc 2 im
trong vng tun hon (dc
theo thnh trn ca vng
qu ).
3. OK (trong
picking menu).
4. Utility Menu >
Particle Flow
5. Chn DOF
Solution.
6. Chn Velocity
VX.
7. OK.
B qua cc thng
bo v s ln lp ln nht
(chn Close). ANSYS to
ra dng chy ca dng ht
trn c s php xp x
m cha gy ra vic ng
cc vng lp.
Close.

169
Bc 32: To v hnh theo ng dn ca vn tc dc theo ng.
Profil vn tc ng ra c th c kim tra bng v theo ng dn. u
tin , thit lp mt ng dn v.
1. Main Menu >
General Postproc >
Path Operations >
Define Path > By Nodes
2. Kch vo im
thp nht v cao nht trn
tit din ra.

3. OK (trong the
picking menu).
4. Nhp tn u ra
"outlet" cho tn ng
dn path name.
5. OK.
6. File > Close
(Windows)
Xc nh tc theo
hng X (VX) v kt
qu tnh theo ng dn.
7. Main Menu >
General Postproc >
onto Path
8. Nhp "velocity"
l User label.
9. Chn DOF
solution.
10. Chn Velocity
VX.
11. OK.
12. Main Menu >
General Postproc >

170
Path Operations > -Plot
Path Item- On Graph
13. Chn nhn
VELOCITY nh c
nh ngha trc.
14. OK to v
theo dng dn.
15. ng mi thng
bo.

V kt qu theo ng dn cho thy, dng pht trin hon ton, tuy
nhin c nghing v mt bn ca ng ra. Do vn tc c tng ln rt nhiu, vy
chng c th ang ch dng chy ri. Bc tip theo l kim tra h s
Reynold v ch chy ri. Kt qu tng khuych tn gn lin vi dng chy
ri l lm gim kch thc ca vng tun hon.

Bc 33: Tnh ton h s Reynolds.
Tnh ton h s Reynolds xc nh nu qu trnh phn tch nm trong
vng chy ri (Re > 3000).
H s Reynolds c xc nh theo cng thc sau :

p = density = Mt =1.21e-7
V = Velocity = Vn tc = 50
Dh = hydraulic diameter = 2*inlet height (chiu cao ng vo) = 2
= Viscosity= nht = 2.642e-9
V vy,
Re = 4600,
khi xy ra hin tng chy ri.
Bc tip theo ca qu trnh phn tch l s dng m hnh chy ri.

171
6.11 Li gii - Phn tch dng chy ri
Bc 34: Xc nh chn li gii FLOTRAN v thc hin
FLOTRAN Set Up > Solution
Options
2. Chn Turbulent option.
3. OK.

Vi vic dng chy ri tng do
nht thp, cc hiu ng phi tuyn
trong bi ton ngy cng r rt hn
v lp li tt c cc yu cu t
c mt li gii tt hn. Bn s
tng con s ny trong hp thoi
Execution Control.
FLOTRAN Set Up > Execution
Ctrl
5. Nhp 80 cho Global
iterations.
6. OK.

Bc 35: Bt u li qu trnh phn tch.
Ch : y l khi ng li qu trnh phn tch. Bt u li qu trnh gii
ANSYS/CFD i hi phm vi ca bi ton (c th l cc nt hnh hc) l khng
thay i. Do ch c thay i m hnh (chy tng sang chy ri) v thay i s cc
bc lp, bt u li qu trnh phn tch l chp nhn c. V vy, li gii s
chn t pha tri ra v 80 bc lp ton th s c thc hin.
172

1. Main Menu >
Solution >Run
FLOTRAN
Mt ln na,
Graphical Solution
Tracker xut hin.
2. Close.
Lp li cc bc
hu x l ch ra cc
kt qu vn tc ng cao
hn.
3. Main
Menu>General
Postproc > -Read
Results- Last Set
4. Main Menu >
General Postproc >
Plot Results > -Vector
Plot- Predefined
5. Chn DOF
Solution. Chn
Velocity V.
6. OK.

6.12 Hu x l - Phn tch dng chy ri
Bc 36: V ng bao p sut.
1. Main Menu > General Postproc > Plot Results > -Contour Plot-
Nodal Solu
2. Chn Other quantities.
3. Chn Total Pressure PTOT.
4. OK.

173

Hnh v ng bao kt qu cho bit cc tng p sut tnh v ng trong
ng.

Bc 37: Hot nh vn tc ca cc phn t.

1. Main Menu >
Results > -Flow Trace- Defi
Trace Pt
2. Chn hai hoc ba
im xung quanh vng vo v
mt hoc hai im trong vng
tun hon (dc theo thnh trn
ca vng chuyn tip).
menu).
4. Utility Menu >
Particle Flow
6. Chn Velocity VX.

174
7. OK.
B qua cc thng bo v
s ln lp ln nht (chn
Close). ANSYS to ra dng
chy da trn c s php xp
x, nhng cha gy ra vic ng
cc vng lp.
Kt qu v theo vt biu
th ng i ca dng kh dc
theo ng.
8. S dng cc la chn
trong Animation Controller
(khng hin th), sau chn
Close.

Bc 38: To hnh biu din ng i vn tc sut dc ng.
1. Main Menu >
General Postproc >
Path Operations >
Define Path > By
Nodes
2. Kch vo im
thp nht v im cao
nht trn m,t ct ra.

3. OK (trong the
picking menu).
4. Nhp
OUTLET l tn ng
dn Path Name.
5. OK.

6. File > Close
(Windows).

175
Xc nh vn tc
theo hng X (VX)
v theo ln ng dn..
7. Main Menu >
General Postproc >
onto Path
8. Nhp
VELOCITY l nhn As
label.
9. Chn DOF
Solution.
10. Chn Velocity
VX.
11. OK.
12. Main Menu >
General Postproc >
Path Operations > -
Plot Path Item- On
Graph
13. Chn nhn
VELOCITY nh nh
ngha trc
14. OK to v
theo ng dn.
15. ng tt c cc
thng bo.

Ch : vi m hnh chy ri c thit lp phn tch, dng chy pht
trin y v biu din hng i th hin rt r trn u (cng l cc
parabolic, ging nh trong qu trnh chy tng). Dng chy ny l dng chy ri
v thy c cc kt qu nh mong i.

176
Bc 39: Thot khi chng trnh ANSYS.

1. Toolbar: QUIT.
3. OK.

Kt thc
177
Bi 7
Bi ton tip xc
Phn tch tip xc ghp cng gia cht v l

Phm vi bi ton Problem Specification
M t bi ton Problem Description
Dng m hnh hnh hc Build Geometry
nh ngha thuc tnh vt liu v kiu phn t Define Material Property
and Element Type
To li Generate Mesh
Xc nh tiu chun gii Specify Solution Criteria
Bc t ti 1 Load Step 1
Bc t ti 2 Load Step 2
Hu x l Postprocessing
7.1 Phm vi bi ton
Cc sn phm ca ANSYS s dng:
ANSYS/Multiphysics,
ANSYS/Mechanical, ANSYS/Structural,
ANSYS/ED
Mc kh: Kh
Yu cu thi gian thc hin bi ton:
45 n 60 pht (bao gm 15 n 20 pht
cho qu trnh gii)
Lnh vc khoa hc Cu trc
Kiu phn tch: Phi tuyn (ng)
Kiu phn t SOLID185, TARGE170, CONTA174
178
M t c im ca bi ton
M hnh khi, Cc thao tc logic, cc
iu kin bin i xng, b mt tip xc
t mm do n mm do, th thut tip
xc, bc thi gian t ng, nhiu bc
t ti, gin n i xng, hot nh, tin
trnh thi gian hu x l, hp thoi iu
khin qu trnh gii Solution Controls

7.2 M t bi ton
y l qu trnh phn tch 3-D ca cp tip xc ca mt cht thp vi l trong
khi. V m hnh i xng, s thc hin phn tch trn mt phn t i xng ca
m hnh. Phi xc nh r hai bc nhp khc nhau. Mc tiu ca bc t ti
u tin l quan st s khc bit v ng sut ca cht, trong , v hnh hc
chng c ng knh ln hn l cht. Mc tiu ca bc t ti th hai l quan
st cc ng sut, cc p lc tip xc v cc phn lc sinh ra do s va p ca cht
khi b ko ra khi khi .
iu kin ban u

Cc kch thc ca m hnh cho nh sau : Bn knh cht (PIN) = 0.5 n
v (units), di (length) = 2.5 n v (units). B rng khi (BLOCK) = 4 n
v (units), di (length) = 4 n v (units), dy (depth) = 1 n v (unit).
Bn knh l cht (PINHOLE) = 0.49 n v (units), di (depth) = 1 n v
(unit). C hai khi solid c lm bng thp kt cu ( cng stiffness = 36E6,
h s Poisson = 0.3) v vt liu c thuc tnh do.

179
Cc gi thit
Do m hnh i xng, nn m phng hin tng tip xc c th dng 1/4
m hnh. C th s dng hai bc t ti thit lp qu trnh phn tch: Bc 1:
S ghp cng (Interference Fit) -- gi quyt khng c chuyn v. Cht c p
bn trong l theo m hnh hnh hc. ng sut sinh ra do c di gia l phng -
pinhole v b mt tip xc (cht - pin). Bc ti th 2: Rt cht Pull-out - di
chuyn cht 1.7 n v (units) ra khi khi, s dng iu kin chuyn v DOF
trn mt cp nt. Cn s dng t ng t bc thi gian Automatic Time
Stepping, bo m cho s hi t ca li gii. Sau 10 bc lp, c cc kt qu
gii li gii mt ln, tin hnh trong sut qu trnh gii.

Tm tt cc bc
C th dng cc tham s theo u bi v dng cc bc hng dn di
y tin hnh gii. Cn tin hnh tng bc mt, u tin chn bc 1-step 1.
Ch : chy hng dn ny, cn tng s b nh c khng gian
trng lm vic l 64MB, tt nht l hn (100-200 MB).
Trc khi bt u thc hin bi tp, hy kim tra khng gian lm vic b
nh nh sau:

1. Utility Menu > List > Status > Configuration
2. Cun xung n mc MEMORY STATISTICS v c s ca b nh MB
cho Requested Initial Work Space.
3. Nu dung lng ny tho mn, hy tip tc thc hin bi tp. Nu dung
lng qu nh, thot ANSYS khng sao lu d liu without saving
changes, khi ng li - re-start ANSYS v, trong hp thoi ANSYS
Interactive, nhp dung lng b nh yu cu vo Memory
requested cho Total Workspace field trc khi chn Run.

180
Dng m hnh hnh hc
1. To block.
2. To mt ch.
3. To l.
4. To 1/4 m hnh i xng
nh ngha thuc tnh vt liu v kiu phn t
5. nh ngha vt liu.
6.nh ngha kiu phn t cho th tch c
To li
7. To li th tch c.
8. Biu din cnh phn t phng
9. To cp tip xc bng cch dng Contact Wizard.
Xc nh chun li gii
10. t lin kt i xng trn 1/4 khi
11. nh ngha lin kt bin trn khi.
12. nh ngha bin dng ln (large displacement) phn tch tnh.
t ti Bc 1
13.Xc nh chn phn tch lp ghp cht
14. Gii t ti bc 1
t ti bc 2
15. t bc t do chuyn v Set DOF displacement cho l.
16. nh ngha chn phn tch tho lp pull-out.
17. Ghi kt qu vo file.
18. Gii t ti bc 2.
Hu x l
19. M rng m hnh t 1/4 ra c khi
20. Quan st trng thi ng sut mt lp ghp
21. Quan st p lc tip xc trung gian cht
22. Quan st trng thi ng sut sau khi rt cht
181
23. M phng lp ghp.
24. V phn lc cho l tho ra
25. Thot khi ANSYS

7.3 Dng m hnh hnh hc
Bc 1: To block.
To khi block hnh hp bng nh ngha cc to XYZ.

Modeling- Create > -Volumes-
Block > By Dimensions
2. Nhp xc s sau:
X1 = -2
X2 = 2
Y1 = -2
Y2 = 2
Z1 = 2.5
Z2 = 3.5
3. OK.
Pan, Zoom, Rotate
5. Kch nt ISO.
6. Close.

182
Bc 2: To mt ch (target surface - l trn khi).
To xilanh bng nh ngha bn knh v chiu dy (depth).
Cylinder > By Dimensions
2. Nhp:
RAD1 = 0.49
Z1 = 2.5
Z2 = 4.5
3. OK.
Tr phn hnh tr khi khi.
Booleans- Subtract > Volumes
5. Chn khi l khi c s t
s b tr.
7. Kch chn hnh tr (c to
trong phn u tin ca xi lanh
c to ra bc trn y, c
nh ngha l th tch tr.
Utility Menu > Plot > Replot

Bc 3: To cht.
To khi tr bng vic nh r bn knh v chiu di.

183
Cylinder > By Dimensions
2. Nhp cc s sau:
RAD1 = 0.5
Z1 = 2
Z2 = 4.5
3. OK.
Numbering
5. M kho s TT th tch (Volume
numbering).
6. OK.

Bc 4: To m hnh mt phn t i xng
1. Utility Menu > WorkPlane > Display
Working Plane (toggle on).
2. Utility Menu > WorkPlane > WP
Settings
3. Chn Grid and Triad.
4. OK.

184
Quay Working Plane 90
0
theo chiu
Y direction v chia th tch thnh 2
na.
5. Utility Menu > WorkPlane > Offset
WP by Increments
6. Trt thanh n 90
0
quay gc
Rotation Angle.
7. Kch 1 ln vo Rotate +Y direction.
8. OK.
Modeling- Operate > -Booleans-
Divide > Volu by WrkPlane
10. Pick All (trong picking menu).

Xo khi to mt na m hnh i
xng..
Modeling- Delete > Volume and
Below
14. Kch chn hai khi tng ng vi phn
trn bn phi ca cht v pha bn phi
ca khi, nh hnh di y.

185


Quay Working Plane 90
0
theo trc X
v chia th tch thnh 2 phn.
17. Utility Menu > WorkPlane > Offset
WP by Increments
18. Kch 1 ln vo Rotate +X direction.
19. OK.
Modeling- Operate > -Booleans-
Divide > Volu by WrkPlane
21. Pick All (trong picking menu).
22. Utility Menu > WorkPlane > Display
Working Plane (toggle off).
Xo th tch to 1/4 m hnh i
xng.
Modeling- Delete > Volume and
Below
26. Kch vo 2 phn th tch tng ng
phn trn, nh hnh v

186
7.4 nh ngha thuc tnh vt liu v kiu phn t
Bc 5: nh ngha vt liu.
nh ngha thuc tnh vt liu Material PropertyError! Bookmark not defined..
1. Main Menu >
Preprocessor >
Material Props >
Material Models
2. Kch 2 ln vo
Structural, Linear,
Elastic, Isotropic.
3. Nhp 36e6 cho EX
(MunYoung), v 0.3
cho PRXY (H s
Poisson).
4. OK.
5. Material > Exit

nh ngha kiu phn t .

187
1. Main Menu >
Preprocessor >
Element Type >
Add/Edit/Delete
2. Thm kiu phn t mi
Add.
3. Chn h phn t
Structural Solid
4. Chn Brick8 node 185
(SOLID185).
5. OK s dng phn t
ny
6. ng hp thoi kiu
phn t.

7.5 To Li
Bc 7: To li th tch solid.
MeshTool
2. Chn Size Controls: Lines Set.
3. Kch ng ngang v ng dc
trn mt cnh u cu cht

188

5. Nhp 3 cho s phn t chia, v
t No cho SIZE,NDIV c th
thay i.
6. OK.
7. Chn Size Controls: Lines Set.
8. Kch ng cong pha trc
ca khi.

10. Nhp 4 cho s chia phn t.
11. OK.
12. Chn Volume meshing.
13. Kch Hex.
14. Kch vo Sweep.
15. Kch vo nt Sweep .
16. Kch th tch cht v khi.


189

18. ng Meshtool.

Bc 8:L phng cc cnh phn t biu din ho
Style > Size and Shape
2. Chn 2 facets/edge.
3. OK.

190
Bc 9: To cp tip xc s dng Contact Wizard.
Modeling- Create > Contact
Pair > Contact Wizard
2. Chn Areas.
3. Chn Flexible.
4. Chn Pick Target.
5. Kch chn b mt ca l cht trn
khi nh ngha l mt b
mt target.

6. OK (Kch picking menu).
7. Chn Next.
8. Chn Areas.
9. Chn Pick Contact.
10. Kch b mt din tch ca l
nh ngha tip xc contact.

12. Chn Next.
13. Nhp 1 cho Material ID.

191
14. Nhp 0.2 cho Coefficient of
Friction.
15. Chn Include Initial
Penetration.
16. Chn Optional settings.
17. Nhp 0.1 cho Normal penalty
stiffness.
18. Chn Contact Options tab.
19. Chn Unsymmetric cho Stiffness
matrix.
20. OK.
21. Chn Create.
22. Chn Finish.

Modeling- Create > Contact
Pair > View Pair
24. Chn Contact pair.
25. Chn normals shown.
26. Chn Display.

27. To mt chn quan st khc

192
yu cu biu din theo mi bc.
28. Chn Close khi xong.


7.6 Xc nh tiu chun li gii
Bc 10: p dng cc rng buc i xng ln (phn t) th tch.

Loads- Apply > -Structural-
Displacement > -Symmetry B.
C.- On Areas
2. Kch bn mt pha trong c l
ra khi m hnh cn mt phn t.


Bc 11: nh ngha cc rng buc bin trn khi

Loads- Apply > -
Structural- Displacement
> On Areas
2. Kch bn tri khi block.

193

4. Chn All DOF cho DOFs
c lin kt.
5. Nhp 0 cho Displacement
value.
6. OK p dng lin kt.

Bc 12: Xc nh phn tch tnh chuyn v ln.
Trong bc ny, cn xc nh vic chn phn tch nh mt qu trnh phn tch
tnh trong trng hp bin dng ln, phi s dng hp thoi Solution Constrols,
mt bng iu khin trung tm, c th iu khin c hu ht nhng qu
trnh thit lp s dng chung cu trc tnh hoc qu trnh phn tch qu . C
nm "trang", mi trang trong gm thit lp lin quan n li gii. S dng li
hp thoi Solution Controls, xc nh chn cho mi bc thit lp

-Analysis Type- Sol'n
Control
2. Trong Analysis Options,
chn Large Displacement
Static.

194
7.8 Bc t ti 1
Bc 13: nh ngha chn phn tch lp ghp tng thch
Ch : cho c hai bc t ti, t ti tng ln s t ng c dng thay th
cho vic lp tng bc. y l trng thi mc nh cho mt qu trnh phn tch
tnh khi lnh SOLCONTROL c bt ON.

1. Nhp 100 cho thi gian ti
cui bc t ti Time at
end of loadstep.
2. Kho bc thi gian t
ng Automatic time
stepping (off).
3. Nhp 1 cho Number of
substeps.
4. OK p dng thit lp v
ng hp thoi.

Bc 14: Gii bc t ti 1
Solve- Current LS
2. Xem li cc thng tin trn ca s
trng thi, sau chn:

3. OK bt u gii. B qua cc
cnh bo, nhng khng ng ca
s thng bo .

195
4. ng ca s thng tin khi
gii xong.

7.9 Bc t ti 2
Bc 15: Thit lp t do chuyn v DOF cho cht
p dng gi tr chuyn v l 1.7 cho tt c cc nt mt trc ca cht quan
st cc kt qu ca qu trnh ko cht ra khi khi.

Entities
2. Chn Nodes.
3. Chn By Location.
4. Chn to Z
coordinates.
5. Nhp 4.5 vo Min, Max.
6. OK.
-Loads- Apply > -
Structural-
Displacement > On
Nodes

196

8. Pick all (trong picking
menu).
9. Chn UZ cho DOFs lin
kt.
10. Nhp 1.7 cho
Displacement value.
11. OK.

Bc 16: nh ngha chn phn tch rt cht.
-Analysis Type- Sol'n
Control
2. Nhp 200 cho Thi gian
ti cui bc t ti Time
at End of Loadstep.
3. M t ng t bc thi
gian Automatic Time
Stepping(On).
4. Nhp 100 cho s bc con
Number of Substeps.
5. Nhp10000 cho s bc
con ln nht Max no. of
Substeps.
6. Nhp 10 cho s bc con
nh nht Min no. of
Substeps.

197
Bc 17: Vit kt qu vo file.
1. i vi Frequency, chn
Write cho mi bc con
th N Nth substep.
2. Nhp -10 cho "where N =
".
3. OK p dng thit lp v
ng hp thoi.
Everything

Bc 18: Gii bc t 2.
Solve- Current LS
2. Xem li thng tin trn ca s
trng thi, sau ng:

3. OK bt u gii. B qua
(Ignore) mi thngbo, nhng
khng ng ca s cnh bo
ngay lc .
Ch : gii bi ton mt khong
15 pht.
4. ng ca s thng tin khi gii
xong.

198
7.10 Hu x l

Bc 19: M rng m hnh t mt phn t thnh ton th tch.
Style > Symmetry Expansion >
Periodic/Cyclic Symmetry
2. Chn 1/4 Dihedral Sym.
3. OK.
Elements


Bc 20: Quan st trng thi ng sut khi lp rp vi nhau.
1. Main Menu >
General Postproc
> -Read Results-
By Load Step
2. Nhp 1 cho s
bc ti Load
step number.
3. OK.
4. Main Menu >
General Postproc
> Plot Results > -
Contour Plot-
Nodal Solu

199
5. Chn biu tng
Stress.
6. Cun xung v
chn von Mises
(SEQV).
7. OK.

Bc 21: Quan st lc nn tip xc trn cht.
1. Main Menu >
Read Results- By
Time/Freq
2. Nhp 120 cho gi
tr thi gian hoc tn s
value of time or freq.
3. OK.
4. Utility Menu >
Select > Entities
5. Chn Elements.
6. Chn By Elem.
Name.
7. Nhp 174 cho tn
phn t Element
name.

200
8. OK.
9. Utility Menu >
Plot > Elements

10. Main Menu >
General Postproc >
Plot Results > -Contour
Plot- Nodal Solu
11. Chn Contact.
12. Chn Pressure.
13. OK.

Bc 22: Quan st trng thi ng sut khi rt ra.
1. Utility Menu >
Select > Everything
2. Main Menu >
Read Results- By Load
Step
3. Nhp 2 cho bc

201
Ti Load step number.
4. OK.
5. Main Menu >
General Postproc >
Plot Results > -Contour
Plot- Nodal Solu
6. Chn biu tng
Stress.
7. Ko xung v
chn von Mises (SEQV).
8. OK.

Bc 23: Hot hnh rt cht.
1. Utility Menu >
Plot Ctrls > Animate >
Over Results
2. Chn Load Step
Range cho kt qu d liu
m hnh (Model result data).
3. Gm c bc con
cui cng cho mi bc ti.
4. M t l ng bao
t ng Auto contour
scaling (on).
5. Chn Stress l d
liu Contour data hot
hnh.

202
6. Cun xung v
chn ng sut von Mises
(SEQV).
7. OK.
8. To cc chn la
trong Animation Controller
(khng hin th),nu cn, sau
ng Close.

Bc 24: V phn lc cho qu trnh rt cht
1. Utility Menu > List >
Nodes
2. OK trong hp thoi sau.
3. nh u tt c cc nt c to
Z = 4.5.
4. Chn File > Close
(Windows),
Volumes
Postpro > Define Variables
7. Thm bin (Add a variable).
8. Chn phn lc Reaction
forces cho kiu bin Type of
variable.
9. OK.
10. Kch vo nt trn b mt ca
cht c s tng ng vi mt trong
cc nt c lit k vi z = 4.5.

203
(Gi chut tri v ko xung trn mt
trc ca cht. Kch ln mt trong
nt chn.)
12. Nhp 2 cho Reference no.
of variable.
13. Kim tra s nt b kch
trn c biu din trong trng s
nt Node number field.
14. Chn FZ cho d liu.
15. OK.
16. Close.
Postpro > Graph Variables
18. Nhp 2 cho bin u tin
v (First variable to graph).
19. OK.

Bc 25: Thot ANSYS
1. Toolbar: Quit.
3. OK.

Kt thc

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Phn mm ANSYS ED

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