Huong Dan ANSYS

Hc vin k thut qun s
B mn Gia cng p lc

inh B Tr - hong vn li

Hng dn s dng
ansys
Phn I

H ni 2003

Hc vin k thut qun s
B mn gia cng p lc- khoa c kh

inh B Tr - hong vn li

Hng dn s dng
ansys

phn I

H ni 2003

Li ni u
Gii bi ton c hc l mt vic v cng cn thit nhng rt kh khn.
Nhiu bi ton ln, gii vi m hnh s, cn s dng rt nhiu bin v
cc iu kin bin phc tp, vi khng gian nhiu chiu, vic gii bng tay
l mt vic khng th thc hin c.
Nhng nm gn y, nh s pht trin ca cc cng c ton cng vi s
pht trin ca my tnh in t, thit lp v dn dn hon thin cc phn
mm cng nghip, s dng gii cc bi ton c hc vt rn, c hc thu
kh, cc bi ton ng, bi ton tng minh v khng tng minh, cc bi
ton tuyn tnh v phi tuyn, cc bi ton v trng in t, bi ton tng
tc a trng vt l. ANSYS l mt phn mm mnh c pht trin v ng
dng rng ri trn th gii, c th p ng cc yu cu ni trn ca c hc.
Trong tnh ton thit k c kh, phn mm ANSYS c th lin kt vi
cc phn mm thit k m hnh hnh hc 2D v 3D phn tch trng ng
sut, bin dng, trng nhit , tc dng chy, c th xc nh c
mn, mi v ph hu ca chi tit. Nh vic xc nh , c th tm cc
thng s ti u cho cng ngh ch to. ANSYS cn cung cp phng php
gii cc bi ton c vi nhiu dng m hnh vt liu khc nhau: n hi
tuyn tnh, n hi phi tuyn, n do, n nht, do, do nht, chy do,
vt liu siu n hi, siu do, cc chy lng v cht kh
Nm 2000, NXB Khoa hc v K thut xut bn cun Hng dn
ANSYS phin bn 5.0. Sch ra i p ng mt phn nhu cu khai thc
s dng phn mm ANSYS gii cc bi ton c cc trng i hc
H Ni v Thnh ph H Ch Minh. Nhiu bn c gi th yu cu tc
gi vit tip cc ti liu hng dn ANSYS dng trong WINDOWS. p
ng yu cu ca vic ng dng cc phn mm cng nghip tnh ton cc

bi ton c, tc gi bin son v xut bn cun sch vi nhiu tp khc
nhau. Trc mt xin ra mt bn c cc 3 tp, tng ng vi cc phn sau:
Phn I. Hng dn s dng cc lnh. Phn I c mc tiu cc bn
c lm quen vi cc lnh v giao din ca ANSYS, cc tin ch v cc
cng c. nm c cc lnh , ti liu gii thiu cch s dng cc lnh
gii bi ton kt cu v cc bi gii c th v thanh v dm.
Phn II. Hng dn gii cc bi ton k thut v c hc. Mc tiu
gip bn c hiu c cch s dng Menu, phng php gii mt s bi
ton in hnh trong tnh ton cc bi ton c v trong tnh ton thit k c
kh.
Phn III. Hng dn s dng ANSYS Mechanical. Mc tiu gip cc
bn c nm c cch s dng mun dng chung trong c kh dng
gii cc bi ton trng ng sut v bin dng c nhit, dao ng. Cc
phn khc s c bin son v xut bn trong thi gian tip theo.
Cc tc gi c hy vng cung cp cho cc k s thit k ch to c kh,
cc nh nghin cu tnh ton c hc vt rn v c hc thu kh, cc nghin
cu sinh, hc sinh cao hc v i hc chuyn ngnh c ni chung v c kh
ch to, mt ti liu i vo mt cng ngh tnh ton thit k mi v khai
thc c hiu qu mt phn mm cng nghip.

Tc gi rt mong s ng gp kin ca tt c cc bn c trong ton
quc. Th gi theo a ch: inh B Tr, Khoa C kh, Hc vin K thut
Qun s, 100 ng Hong Quc Vit, H Ni hoc gi th in t theo a
ch: dinh_ba_tru@yahoo.com.
Cc tc gi

Chng 1
gii thiu chung phn mm ANSYS
1.1 Gii thiu chung
ANSYS l mt trong nhiu chng trnh phn mm cng nghip, s
dng phng php Phn t hu hn - PTHH (FEM) phn tch cc bi
ton vt l - c hc, chuyn cc phng trnh vi phn, phng trnh o hm
ring t dng gii tch v dng s, vi vic s dng phng php ri rc ha
v gn ng gii.
Nh ng dng phng php phn t hu hn, cc bi ton k thut v
c, nhit, thu kh, in t, sau khi m hnh ho v xy dng m hnh ton
hc, cho php gii chng vi cc iu kin bin c th vi s bc t do ln.
Trong bi ton kt cu (Structural), phn mm ANSYS dng gii
cc bi ton trng ng sut - bin dng, trng nhit cho cc kt cu. Gii
cc bi ton dng tnh, dao ng, cng hng, bi ton n nh, bi ton va
p, bi ton tip xc. Cc bi ton c gii cho cc dng phn t kt cu
thanh, dm, 2D v 3D, gii cc bi ton vi cc vt liu n hi, n hi phi
tuyn, n do l tng, do nht, n nht.. Trc ht, cn chn c kiu
phn t, ph hp vi bi ton cn gii. ANSYS cung cp trn 200 kiu phn
t khc nhau. Mi kiu phn t, tng ng vi mt dng bi ton. Khi chn
mt phn t, b lc s chn cc mun tnh ton ph hp, v a ra cc yu
cu v vic nhp cc tham s tng ng gii. ng thi vic chn phn
t, ANSYS yu cu chn dng bi ton ring cho tng phn t. Vic tnh
ton cn ph thuc vo vt liu. Mi bi ton cn a m hnh vt liu, cn
xc lp r l vt liu n hi hay do, l vt liu tuyn tnh hay phi tuyn,
vi mi vt liu, cn nhp cc thng s vt l ca vt liu. ANSYS l
phn mm gii cc bi ton bng phng php s, chng gii trn m hnh
hnh hc thc. V vy, cn a vo m tnh hnh hc ng. ANSYS cho

php xy dng cc m hnh hnh hc 2D v 3D, vi cc kch thc thc,
hnh dng c gin n ho hoc m hnh nh vt tht. ANSYS c kh
nng m phng theo m hnh hnh hc vi cc im, ng, din tch, v
m hnh phn t hu hn vi cc nt v phn t. Hai dng m hnh c
trao i v thng nht vi nhau tnh ton. ANSYS l phn mm gii bi
ton bng phng php phn t hu hn (PTHH), nn sau khi dng m hnh
hnh hc, ANSYS cho php chia li phn t do ngi s dng chn hoc t
ng chia li. S lng nt v phn t quyt nh n chnh xc ca bi
ton, nn cn chia li cng nh cng tt. Nhng vic chia nh phn t ph
thuc nng lc tng phn mm. Nu s dng phin bn cng nghip, s nt
v phn t c th n con s hng trm ngn, phin bn i hc, n chc
ngn, phin bn sinh vin n hng ngn.
gii mt bi ton bng phn mm ANSYS, cn a vo cc iu
kin ban u v iu kin bin cho m hnh hnh hc. Cc rng buc v cc
ngoi lc hoc ni lc (lc, chuyn v, nhit , mt ) c a vo ti
tng nt, tng phn t trong m hnh hnh hc.
Sau khi xc lp cc iu kin bi ton, gii chng, ANSYS cho
php chn cc dng bi ton. Khi gii cc bi ton phi tuyn, vn t ra
l s hi t ca bi ton. ANSYS cho php xc lp cc bc lp gii bi
ton lp vi chnh xc cao. theo di bc tnh, ANSYS cho biu
quan h cc bc lp v hi t. Cc kt qu tnh ton c ghi lu
vo cc File d liu. Vic xut cc d liu c tnh ton v lu tr, ANSYS
c h hu x l rt mnh, cho php xut d liu di dng th, nh ,
c th quan st trng ng sut v bin dng, ng thi cng cho php xut
kt qu di dng bng s.

Vic ANSYS c h hu x l mnh, em li mt th mnh, cc
phn mm khc phi x dng ANSYS l mt phn mm lin kt x l phn
tch trng ng sut - bin dng v cc thng s vt l khc.
Ti liu ny trnh by b sung cc k thut mi ca ANSYS 10~11,
nn Bn c cn tham kho cun sch Hng dn ANSYS NXB KHKT,
2000.
1.2 Cc c im ca phn mm ANSYS
Yu cu i vi phn cng my tnh c nhn
Phn mm ANSYS, phin bn ANSYS 10~11 chy trn my PC trong
mi trng Windows XP hoc Windows NT .
Cu hnh my ti thiu cho phin bn ANSYS 10~11 l:
- Pentium Pro, Pentium 3~4.
- B nh (RAM): 128 MB tr ln.
- cng: d ti thiu l 500MB.
- Chut: 100% tng thch vi cc phin bn ca cc h iu hnh
nu.
- ha: Cc h iu hnh Windows XP, Windows 2000, v
Windows NT u h tr cho card ha, c kh nng h tr phn gii
ca mn hnh l 1024768 High Color (16-bit mu), v h tr cho mn hnh
17 inch (hoc hn) cng vi card ha tng ng.
1.3 cc c im khc
Cc thuc tnh trnh din ca ANSYS - ANSYS Features
Demonstrated.
Danh mc cc thuc tnh ng lu c trnh din trong phn m t
bi ton v li gii.
Chn ch phn tch - Analysis Options

Chn ch phn tch in hnh l phng php gii, cng phn
t (stress stiffening), chn phng php lp trong bi ton phi tuyn
Newton-Raphson .
Kiu phn tch - Analysis Types
Cc kiu phn tch c dng trong ANSYS: phn tch Tnh (static),
phn tch dao ng ring (modal), dao ng iu ho (harmonic), phn tch
bi ton qu (transient), phn tch ph (spectrum), phn tch n nh
(eigenvalue buckling), v cu trc con (substructuring) vi bi ton tuyn
tnh v phi tuyn.
Phm vi s dng cc sn phm ANSYS
Phn mm ANSYS c cc m un sn phm ring bit sau:
ANSYS/Multiphysics,
ANSYS/Mechanical,
ANSYS/Professional,
ANSYS/Structural,
ANSYS/LS-DYNA,
ANSYS/LinearPlus,
ANSYS/Thermal,
ANSYS/Emag,
ANSYS/FLOTRAN,
ANSYS/PrepPost.
ANSYS CFX,
ANSYS PTD,
ANSYS TASPCB,
ANSYS ICEM CFD,
ANSYS AI*Environment,

ANSYS DesignXplorer,
ANSYS DesignModeler,
ANSYS DesignXplorer VT,
ANSYS BladeModeler,
ANSYS TurboGrid, ANSYS AUTODYN

S dng tr gip Help
Cc thng tin trong phn tr gip ca ANSYS c vit theo cc tiu
, d tra cu v s dng.
Ton t logc Boolean
Ton t Boolean Operations (da trn c s i s Boolean) cung
cp cng c c th ghp cc d liu khi dng cc ton t logic nh:
cng, tr, chn.... Ton t Boolean c gi tr khi dng m hnh vt rn Th
tch, Din tch, ng ( volume, area, and line).
Trc tip to phn t
nh ngha phn t bng cch trc tip nh ngha nt.
Phm vi ng dng khoa hc Discipline
C 5 lnh vc khoa hc c th gii bng phn mm ANSYS:
Kt cu-C hc (Structural),
Nhit (Thermal),
in (Electric),
T (Magnetic),
Thu kh (Fluid).

Nhng ANSYS cn cho php gii cc bi ton tng tc a trng
vt l, do cc trng Vt l thng tc dng cp i, nh nhit v
chuyn v trong phn tch ng sut -nhit.
Chn phn t - Element Options
Nhiu kiu phn t c chn phn t c xc nh vt th nh vy l
cc phn t vi cc hnh vi v chc nng, phn t cho kt qu c chn in
ra.
Kiu phn t c dng - Element Types Used
Cn ch r phn t c dng trong bi ton. Khong 200 kiu phn
t trong ANSYS. Ta c th chn mt kiu phn t vi cc c tnh, trong
, xc lp s bc t do DOF (nh chuyn v, nhit ...) cho cc hnh c
trng nh ng, hnh t gic, hnh khi hp, cc hnh nm trong khng
gian 2-D hoc 3D, tng ng vi h thng to .
Cc phn t bc cao - Higher Order Elements
Phn t vi cc nt bc cao c hm dng t gic v cc gi tr bc t
do.
l cc phn t gn ng, dng trong cc bi ton vi giao din
theo bc. Thi gian c ly thi gian ca h thng my tnh..
Tn bi ton - JobName
Tn File c t ring cho tng bi, nhng c gi tr trong cc phn
tch ANSYS. Phn kiu Jobname.ext, trong ext l kiu File do
ANSYS nh tu tnh cht ca d liu c ghi. Tn File c t tu yu
cu ngi dng. Nu khng t tn ring, ANSYS mc nh tn l FILE.*.
Mc kh - Level of Difficulty
C 3 mc : d, trung bnh v kh. Cc bi ton kh c th chuyn
thnh d, khi s dng bi ton tnh theo bc. Tnh cht in hnh

ca advanced ANSYS c dng nh cc bi ton phi tuyn, macro hoc
advanced postprocessing.
Tham chiu - Preferences
Hp thoi "Preferences" cho php chn cc lnh vc k thut theo
yu cu vi vic lc chn thc n: Kt cu, nhit, in t, thu kh. Mc
nh, thc n chn a ra tt c cc lnh vc, cc lnh vc khng s dng
c n m. Vic chn c tin hnh bng nh du. Th d, chn mc
kt cu, th cc mc khc c n.
Tin x l - Preprocessing
L pha phn tch nhp m hnh hnh hc, vt liu, kiu phn t...
Hu x l - Postprocessing
ANSYS phn tch theo pha, ta c th xem li cc kt qu phn
tch nh cc hnh nh mu v cc bng s liu. Hu x l chung (POST1)
c dng phn tch kt qu ti mt bc nh trn ton b m hnh vt th.
Hu x l theo thi gian (POST26) c dng nghin cu cc kt qu ti
cc im c bit trong m hnh trn ton b thi gian cc bc.
Gii - Solution
L pha phn tch ca ANSYS, trong xc nh kiu phn tch v
chn, t ti v chn ti, khi ng gii phn t hu hn.Mc nh l phn
tch tnh.
M hnh hnh hc
Trc ht nh ngha hnh dng hnh hc cho ANSYS, nh nh
ngha mt hnh ch nht, c th nh ngha theo din tch, theo 4 cnh, theo
4 im.
Hng s thc - Real Constants

Cung cp b sung cc tham s c trng mt ct hnh hc cho kiu
phn t, nhng thng tin khng th nhp c vo cc nt. Nh, phn t v
shell l chiu dy v mng, phn t dm l din tch mt ct, m men qun
tnh mt ct. Cc tnh cht ny c nhp tu theo kiu phn t yu cu.
Thuc tnh vt liu -Material Properties
Thuc tnh vt l ca vt liu nh mun n hi, mt , lun c
lp vi tham s hnh hc. Nn, chng khng gn vi kiu phn t. Thuc
tnh vt liu quy nh gii ma trn phn t, nn d dng chng c
gn cho tng kiu phn t. Tu thuc ng dng, thuc tnh vt liu c th l
tuyn tnh, phi tuyn, hoc ng hng. Cng nh kiu phn t v hng s
c trng hnh dng, cn phi t thuc tnh vt liu nhiu ln, tu theo vt
liu.
Mt lm vic - Working Plane (WP)
L mt mt tng tng vi gc to , dng xc lp cc tham s
hnh hc cc b. Trong h to 2-D (H cc hay to cc), mt lm
vic c bm theo tng tham s to . Dng nh v mt i tng
ca m hnh. Gc to ca mt lm vic chun nm trng gc to ton
cc, gc to ca cc mt lm vic t chn. Gia gc to trn mt lm
vic chun (ton th) c quan h vi gc to cc b nm trn h mt lm
vic cc b.

1.4 Cc phn t:
Cc kiu phn t
STRUCTURE: Phn t cu trc
SPAR: Phn t thanh
BEAM: Phn t dm

PIPE : Phn t ng
2D SOLIDS: Phn t khi c 2D
3D SOLID: Phn t khi c 3D
SHELL : Phn t tm v
SPECLTY: Phn t c bit
CONTACT: Phn t tip xc
SPAR Phn t thanh
2D-SPAR :Phn t Thanh 2D : LINK1
3D-SPAR :Phn t Thanh 3D : LINK8
BILINEAR : Phn t Thanh phi tuyn LINK10
BEAM : Phn t dm
2D-ELAST : PT Dm n hi 2D i xng BEAM3
3D- ELAST : PT Dm n hi 3D, 2~3 nt BEAM4
2D- TAPER : PT Dm thon 2 nt n hi 2D BEAM54
3D-TAPER : PT Dm thon 2 nt khng i xng,3D BEAM44
2D-PLAST : PT Dm do 2D2 nt BEAM23
THIN WALL : PT thnh mng 3 nt dm do BEAM24
PIPE :Phn t ng
STRAIGHT : PT ng thng 3D 2 nt n hi PIP16
TEE : PT ng T 3D, 4 nt n hi PIP17
ELBOW : PT ng cong 3 D 3 nt n hi PIP18
PLASTSTR : PT ng thng do 3D, 2 nt PIP20
PLASTELBOW: PT ng cong do 3D 3 nt PIP60
IMMORSED : PT ng mm hoc cp PIP59
2D-SOLID :Phn t khi c 2D
2D-ELAST : Phn t khi c 2D n hi
8NodQuad : Phn t 2D, 8 nt kt cu t din PLANE82

4NodQuad :Phn t 2D, 4 nt kt cu, t din PLANE42
Triangle : Phn t 2D, 6 nt, kt cu tam gic PLANE2
HYPER Siu n hi
8 NodMixd :Phn t 2D, 8nt, siu n hi HYPER74
4NodMixd :Phn t 2D, 4 nt, siu n hi HYPER6
8NodQuad :Phn t 2 D, 8 nt t din, siu n hi
HYPER84
VISCO Nht
8NodQuad Phn t 2D, 8 nt t din, nht VISCO88
8NodPlas Phn t 2D, 8 nt, t din do nht VISCO108
4NodPlas Phn t 2D, 4 nt , t din do nht VISCO106
HARMONIC Phn t 2D iu ho
8NodQuad Phn t 8 nt, i xng, iu ho t din PLANE83
4NodQuad Phn t 4 nt, Cu trc i xng trc PLANE25
3D-SOLID Phn t vt c 3D
GENERAL Phn t 3D
20NodBri: PT Khi 3D, 20 nt, hp,cu trc SOLID95
Brick: PT Khi 3D, 8 nt, hp, cu trc SOLID45
Tetrahod : PT Khi 3D, 10 nt, chp, cu trc SOLID92
RotBrick : PT Khi 3D ,8 nt, hp c DOF quay SOLID92
RotTetra : PT Khi 4 nt, chp quay SOLID72
HYPER : Siu n hi
Mixbri : PT 3D, 8 nt khi hp, siu n hi HYPER58
Brick : PT 3D, 8 nt, khi hp, siu do HYPER86
VISCO : nht
PlasBrck: PT khi hp c siu do VISCO107
ANISOTRP: Khi khng ng nht

AnisoBri : PT Khi khng ng nht 3D, 8 nt, hp SOLID64
ReinBri : PT Khi hp, b tn c gia c
SOLID65
LayerBri : PT Khi 3D, 8 nt, hp, cu trc lp SOLID46
SHELL :Phn t dng tm- v
8NodQuad: PT tm in- t, 8 nt, n hi SHELL93
4NodQuad: PT tm in-t , 4 nt, do SHELL63
PlastQua: PT tm in- t, 4 nt, do SHELL43
MemBrame: PT mng, in t, 4 nt SHELL41
ShearPnl :PT tm, in t, 4 nt, Panel, un/xon SHELL28
SPECTLY: Phn t hn hp
PINJIONT: Phn t 3D, 5 nt, lin kt khp COMBIN7
ACTUATOR: Phn t kch ng LINK11
FLUIDCPL: PT cp i , 2 nt, dng chy ng FUID38
MATRIX: PT 2 nt, cng hp, cn, ma trn MATRIX27
MASS: PT 1 nt, Khi lng, cu trc MASS21
CONTACT: Phn t tip xc
2DPtSurf : PT tip xc im-mt 2D CONTAC48
3DPtSuf : PT tip xc im-mt 3D CONTAC49
2DPntPnt : PT tip xc im-im 2D, ma st CONTAC12
3DPntPnt : T tip xcim-im 3D CONTAC52
RigidSur :PT tip xc mt cng CONTAC26
THERMAL Phn t nhit
LINK Phn t nhit vi truyn nhit gia 2 im
2DCnDuct PT thanh Dn nhit 2D LINK32
3DCnDuct PT thanh Dn nhit 3D LINK33
CONVert PT 2 nt i lu LINK34

Radiate PT Bc x nhit LINK31
2D SOLID Phn t nhit c 2D
8Nod Quad PT 2D, 8 nt, T gic PLANE77
4 Nod Quad PT 2D, 4 nt, T gic PLANE55
Triangle PT 2D, 6 nt, Tam gic PLANE78
NodHarm PT 8 nt, i xng trc iu ho PLANE78
4NodHarm PT 4 nt, i xng trc iu ho PLANE75
3D SOLID Phn t c 3 D
20NodBri PT 3D, 20 nt, hp c SOLID90
Brick PT 3D, 8 nt, hp c SOLID70
Tetrahed PT 3D, 10 nt hp c khi chp SOLID87
FLUID Phn t cht lng
2D Quad PT 2D, 4 nt, t din dng chy FLUID79
3D Brick PT 3D, 8 nt khi hp FLUID80
HARMONIC PT 4 nt i xng, iu ho,dng chy FLUID81
2D FLOW PT 2D, ng tham s, khi c,Nhit-Lng FLUID15
PIPE Flow PT 3D, 4 nt, truyn nhit - truyn khi FLUID66
2D Acoust PT 2D, 4 nt, dng chy, di m FLUID29
3D Acoust PT 3D, 8 nt, dng chy, di m FLUID30
MAGNETIC Phn t t
3D SOLID PT 3D cp i in - T SOLID96
8NodQuad PT 2D, 8 nt, cp i in-T PLANE53
2DBound PT 2D, bin v hn INFIN9
3DBound PT 3D, bin v hn INFIN47
SurSourc PT ngun b mt SOURC36
Other PT phn tch t, ti cc im khc nhau
MULTIFLD Phn t a trng

3D-LINK PT 3D, 2 nt cp i, in-Nhit, 1 chiu LINK68
MultQuad PT 2D c, cp i, Nhit-in PLAN13
ThElQuad PT 2D, 4 nt, c,cp i Nhit-in PLAN67
MultBrck PT 3D, 8 nt, c, cp i SOLID5
ThElBrck PT 3D, 8 nt, c, cp i Nhit-in SOLID69
Tetrahed PT 10 nt, chp,T-Nhit-Cu trc-in SOLID98
GENERAL M hnh phn t t hp
SprngDmp PT 2 nt, l xo, cn dc/xon COMBIN14
Combinat PT 3D, 2 nt, t hp L xo-Khi lng-Cn-GAP
COMBIN40
ForcDefl PT 2 nt, phi tuyn, Lc tp trung-Un-L xo
COMBIN39
Control PT iu khin COMBIN37
2DSurf PT 2D hiu ng b mt SURF19
3DSurf PT 3D hiu ng b mt SURF22
Substruc PT cu trc con v siu phn t MATRIX50
Danh mc phn t theo vn Element Name - Description
BEAM3 - 2-D Elastic Beam
BEAM4 - 3-D Elastic Beam
BEAM23 - 2-D Plastic Beam
BEAM24 - 3-D Thin-walled Beam
BEAM44 - 3-D Elastic Tapered Unsymmetric Beam
BEAM54 - 2-D Elastic Tapered Unsymmetric Beam
BEAM161 - Explicit 3-D Beam
BEAM188 - 3-D Finite Strain Beam

BEAM189 - 3-D Finite Strain Beam
CIRCU94 - Piezoelectric Circuit
CIRCU124 - General Circuit
CIRCU125 - Common or Zener Diode
COMBIN7 - Revolute Joint
COMBIN14 - Spring-Damper
COMBIN37 - Control
COMBIN39 - Nonlinear Spring
COMBIN40 - Combination
COMBI165 - Explicit Spring-Damper
CONTAC12 - 2-D Point-to-Point Contact
CONTAC26 - 2-D Point-to-Ground Contact
CONTAC48 - 2-D Point-to-Surface Contact
CONTAC49 - 3-D Point-to-Surface Contact
CONTAC52 - 3-D Point-to-Point Contact
CONTA171 - 2-D 2-Node Surface-to-Surface Contact
CONTA178 - 3-D Node-to-Node Contact
FLUID29 - 2-D Acoustic Fluid

FLUID30 - 3-D Acoustic Fluid
FLUID38 - Dynamic Fluid Coupling
FLUID79 - 2-D Contained Fluid
FLUID80 - 3-D Contained Fluid
FLUID81 - Axisymmetric-Harmonic Contained Fluid
FLUID116 - Thermal-Fluid Pipe
FLUID129 - 2-D Infinite Acoustic
FLUID130 - 3-D Infinite Acoustic
FLUID141 - 2-D Fluid-Thermal
FLUID142 - 3-D Fluid-Thermal
HF118 - 2-D High-Frequency Quadrilateral Solid
HF119 - 3-D Tetrahedral High-Frequency Solid
HF120 - 3-D Brick/Wedge High-Frequency Solid
HYPER56 - 2-D 4-Node Mixed U-P Hyperelastic Solid
HYPER84 - 2-D Hyperelastic Solid
HYPER86 - 3-D Hyperelastic Solid
HYPER158 - 3-D 10-Node Tetrahedral Mixed U-P
Hyperelastic Solid
INFIN9 - 2-D Infinite Boundary

INFIN47 - 3-D Infinite Boundary
INFIN110 - 2-D Infinite Solid
INFIN111 - 3-D Infinite Solid
INTER115 - 3-D Magnetic Interface
INTER192 - 2-D 4-Node Linear Interface
INTER194 - 3-D 16-Node Quadratic Interface
LINK1 - 2-D Spar (or Truss)
LINK8 - 3-D Spar (or Truss)
LINK10 - Tension-only or Compression-only Spar
LINK11 - Linear Actuator
LINK31 - Radiation Link
LINK32 - 2-D Conduction Bar
LINK33 - 3-D Conduction Bar
LINK34 - Convection Link
LINK68 - Thermal-Electric Line
LINK160 - Explicit 3-D Spar (or Truss)
LINK167 - Explicit Tension-Only Spar
LINK180 - 3-D Finite Strain Spar (or Truss)
MASS21 - Structural Mass

MASS71 - Thermal Mass
MASS166 - Explicit 3-D Structural Mass
MATRIX27 - Stiffness, Damping, or Mass Matrix
MATRIX50 - Superelement (or Substructure)
MESH200 - Meshing Facet
PIPE16 - Elastic Straight Pipe
PIPE17 - Elastic Pipe Tee
PIPE18 - Elastic Curved Pipe (Elbow)
PIPE20 - Plastic Straight Pipe
PIPE59 - Immersed Pipe or Cable
PIPE60 - Plastic Curved Pipe (Elbow)
PLANE2 - 2-D 6-Node Triangular Structural Solid
PLANE13 - 2-D Coupled-Field Solid
PLANE25 - Axisymmetric-Harmonic 4-Node Structural Solid
PLANE35 - 2-D 6-Node Triangular Thermal Solid
PLANE42 - 2-D Structural Solid
PLANE53 - 2-D 8-Node Magnetic Solid
PLANE55 - 2-D Thermal Solid
PLANE67 - 2-D Thermal-Electric Solid
PLANE75 - Axisymmetric-Harmonic 4-Node Thermal Solid
PLANE77 - 2-D 8-Node Thermal Solid

PLANE78 - Axisymmetric-Harmonic 8-Node Thermal Solid
PLANE82 - 2-D 8-Node Structural Solid
PLANE83 - Axisymmetric-Harmonic 8-Node Structural Solid
PLANE121 - 2-D 8-Node Electrostatic Solid
PLANE145 - 2-D Quadrilateral Structural Solid p-Element
PLANE146 - 2-D Triangular Structural Solid p-Element
PLANE162 - Explicit 2-D Structural Solid
PRETS179 - 2-D/3-D Pre-tension
SHELL28 - Shear/Twist Panel
SHELL41 - Membrane Shell
SHELL43 - 4-Node Plastic Large Strain Shell
SHELL51 - Axisymmetric Structural Shell
SHELL57 - Thermal Shell
SHELL61 - Axisymmetric-Harmonic Structural Shell
SHELL63 - Elastic Shell
SHELL91 - Nonlinear Layered Structural Shell
SHELL93 - 8-Node Structural Shell
SHELL99 - Linear Layered Structural Shell
SHELL143 - 4-Node Plastic Small Strain Shell

SHELL150 - 8-Node Structural Shell p-Element
SHELL157 - Thermal-Electric Shell
SHELL163 - Explicit Thin Structural Shell
SHELL181 - Finite Strain Shell
SOLID5 - 3-D Coupled-Field Solid
SOLID45 - 3-D Structural Solid
SOLID46 - 3-D 8-Node Layered Structural Solid
SOLID62 - 3-D Magneto-Structural Solid
SOLID64 - 3-D Anisotropic Structural Solid
SOLID65 - 3-D Reinforced Concrete Solid
SOLID69 - 3-D Thermal-Electric Solid
SOLID70 - 3-D Thermal Solid
SOLID87 - 3-D 10-Node Tetrahedral Thermal Solid
SOLID90 - 3-D 20-Node Thermal Solid
SOLID92 - 3-D 10-Node Tetrahedral Structural Solid
SOLID95 - 3-D 20-Node Structural Solid
SOLID96 - 3-D Magnetic Scalar Solid
SOLID97 - 3-D Magnetic Solid
SOLID98 - Tetrahedral Coupled-Field Solid
SOLID117 - 3-D 20-Node Magnetic Solid
SOLID122 - 3-D 20-Node Electrostatic Solid

SOLID123 - 3-D 10-Node Tetrahedral Electrostatic Solid
SOLID127 - 3-D Tetrahedral Electrostatic Solid p-Element
SOLID128 - 3-D Brick Electrostatic Solid p-Element
SOLID147 - 3-D Brick Structural Solid p-Element
SOLID148 - 3-D Tetrahedral Structural Solid p-Element
SOLID164 - Explicit 3-D Structural Solid
SOLID187 - 3-D 10-Node Tetrahedral Structural Solid
SOLID191 - 3-D 20-Node Layered Structural Solid
SOURC36 - Current Source
SURF151 - 2-D Thermal Surface Effect
SURF152 - 3-D Thermal Surface Effect
SURF153 - 2-D Structural Surface Effect
SURF154 - 3-D Structural Surface Effect
TARGE169 - 2-D Target Segment
TARGE170 - 3-D Target Segment
TRANS109 - 2-D Electro-Mechanical Solid
TRANS126 - Electro-structural Transducer
VISCO88 - 2-D 8-Node Viscoelastic Solid
VISCO89 - 3-D 20-Node Viscoelastic Solid

VISCO106 - 2-D 4-Node Large Strain Solid

1.5 Cc tham s trong ANSYS
Nhn Label Th nguyn Units ngha Description
EX
Mun n hi theo hng x
ca phn t
Elastic modulus, element x
direction
EY
Mun n hi theo hng y
ca phn t
Elastic modulus, element y
direction
EZ
Lc/ Din tch
Force/Area
Mun n hi theo hng z
ca phn t
Elastic modulus, element z
direction
PRXY

Khng
None
H s Poisson ln trn mt x-
y
Major Poisson's ratio, x-y
plane

PRYZ
H s Poisson ln trn mt y-
z
Major Poisson's ratio, y-z
plane
PRXZ
H s Poisson ln trn mt z-
x
Major Poisson's ratio, x-z
plane
NUXY
H s Poisson nh trn mt
x-y
Minor Poisson's ratio, x-y
plane
NUYZ
y-z
Minor Poisson's ratio, y-z
plane
NUXZ
x-z
Minor Poisson's ratio, x-z
plane
GXY
Mun trt, trn mt x-y
Shear modulus, x-y plane
GYZ
Lc/ din tch
Force/Area
Mun trt, trn mt y-z
Shear modulus, y-z plane

GXZ
Mun trt, trn mt x-z
Shear modulus, x-z plane
ALPX
H s dn n nhit theo
hng x ca phn t
Coefficient of thermal
expansion, element x
direction
ALPY
H s dn n nhit theo
hng y ca phn t
expansion, element y
direction
ALPZ
Bin dng/ Nhit
Strain/Temp
H s dn n nhit theo
hng z ca phn t
expansion, element z
direction
REFT
Nhit
Temp
Nhit tham chiu lm gc
Reference temperature (as a
property) [TREF]
MU
Khng
None
H s ma st - Coefficient of
friction (or, for FLUID29 and
FLUID30 elements,
boundary admittance)

DAMP Thi gian Time
Ma trm hm
K matrix multiplier for
damping [BETAD]
DENS
Khi lng/ th tch
Mass/Vol
Mt khi Mass density
KXX
H s dn nhit theo hng x
phn t
Thermal conductivity,
element x direction
KYY
H s dn nhit theo hng y
phn t
element y direction
KZZ
Nhit* Chiu di
Heat*Length/
(Time*Area*Temp)
H s dn nhit theo hng z
phn t
element z direction
C Heat/Mass*Temp Nhit dung Specific heat
ENTH Nhit/ th tch Heat/Vol Enthalpy( DENS*C d(Temp))
HF
Nhit/ (T.gian*D.tich*Nhit
)
Heat / (Time*Area*Temp)
H s i lu
Convection (or film)
coefficient
EMIS Khng None H s thm thu Emissivity

QRAT
E
Nhit/ t.gian
Heat/Time
Tc sinh nhit
Heat generation rate ( Ch
dng cho phn t MASS71 )
VISC Force*Time/ Length
2
nht Viscosity
SONC
Chiu di/ T.gian
Length/Time
Tc m Sonic velocity
(FLUID29, FLUID30,
FLUID129, and FLUID130)
MURX
t thm theo hng x
Magnetic relative
permeability, element x
direction
MURY
t thm theo hng y
Magnetic relative
permeability, element y
direction
MURZ
Khng
None
t thm theo hng z
Magnetic relative
permeability, element z
direction
MGXX
Ti/ (Chiu di* Thi gian)
Charge/ (Length*Time)
Sc t khng theo phng x
phn t
Magnetic coercive force,
element x direction

MGYY
Sc t khng theo phng y
phn t
element y direction
MGZZ
Sc t khng theo phng z
phn t
element z direction
RSVX
in tr sut theo phng x
Electrical resistivity,
element x direction
RSVY
in tr sut theo phng y
Electrical resistivity, element
y direction
RSVZ
in tr* Din tch/Chiu di
Resistance*Area/Length
in tr sut theo phng z
Electrical resistivity, element
z direction
PERX
H s in mi theo phng
x
Electric relative permittivity,
element x direction
PERY
Ti
2
/(Lc* Chiu di
2
)
Charge
2
/ (Force*Length
2
)
in tr sut theo phng y
element y direction

PERZ
in tr sut theo phng z
element z direction
LSST
Khng
None
Tang tn tht cch in
Dielectric loss tangent (Valid
for high-frequency
elctromagnetic analyses
only.)
1.6 Cc m hnh vt liu
M hnh
Model
Lin kt
vi
With ...
Kiu lin kt
Combination
Type
Lnh, Nhn
Command,
Label
Kt ni vi cc
th d
Link to
Example
Plasticity
Combined
Hardening
Bilinear
TB,BISO +
TB,CHAB
BISO and
CHAB Example
Plasticity
Combined
Hardening
Multilinear
TB,MISO +
TB,CHAB
MISO and
CHAB Example
Plasticity
Combined
Hardening
Nonlinear
TB,NLISO +
TB,CHAB
NLISO and
CHAB Example
Viscoplasti-
city
Isotropic
Hardening
Bilinear
TB,BISO +
TB,RATE
BISO and
RATE Example
Viscoplasti-
city
Isotropic
Hardening
Multilinear
TB,MISO +
TB,RATE
MISO and
RATE Example

M hnh
Model
Lin kt
vi
With ...
Kiu lin kt
Combination
Type
Lnh, Nhn
Command,
Label
Kt ni vi cc
th d
Link to
Example
Viscoplasti-
city
Isotropic
Hardening
Nonlinear
TB,NLISO +
TB,RATE
NLISO and
RATE Example
Plasticity
and Creep
(Implicit)
Isotropic
Hardening
Bilinear
TB,BISO +
TB,CREEP
BISO and
CREEP
Example
Plasticity
and Creep
(Implicit)
Isotropic
Hardening
Multilinear
TB,MISO +
TB,CREEP
MISO and
CREEP
Example
Plasticity
and Creep
(Implicit)
Isotropic
Hardening
Nonlinear
TB,NLISO +
TB,CREEP
NLISO and
CREEP
Example
Plasticity
and Creep
(Implicit)
Kinematic
Hardening
Bilinear
TB,BKIN +
TB,CREEP
BKIN and
CREEP
Example
Anisotropic
Plasticity
Isotropic
Hardening
Bilinear
TB,HILL +
TB,BISO
HILL and
BISO Example
Anisotropic
Plasticity
Isotropic
Hardening
Multilinear
TB,HILL +
TB,MISO
HILL and
MISO Example
Anisotropic
Plasticity
Isotropic
Hardening
Nonlinear
TB,HILL +
TB,NLSIO
HILL and
NLISO

M hnh
Model
Lin kt
vi
With ...
Kiu lin kt
Combination
Type
Lnh, Nhn
Command,
Label
Kt ni vi cc
th d
Link to
Example
Example
Anisotropic
Plasticity
Kinematic
Hardening
Bilinear
TB,HILL +
TB,BKIN
HILL and
BKIN Example
Anisotropic
Plasticity
Kinematic
Hardening
Multilinear
TB,HILL +
TB,MKIN/
KINH
HILL and
MKIN
Example, HILL
and KINH
Example
Anisotropic
Plasticity
Kinematic
Hardening
Chaboche
TB,HILL +
TB,CHAB
HILL and
CHAB Example
Anisotropic
Plasticity
Combined
Hardening
Bilinear
Isotropic and
Chaboche
TB,HILL +
TB,BISO +
TB,CHAB
HILL and
BISO and
CHAB Example
Anisotropic
Plasticity
Combined
Hardening
Multilinear
Isotropic and
Chaboche
TB,HILL +
TB,MISO +
TB,CHAB
HILL and
MISO and
CHAB Example
Anisotropic
Plasticity
Combined
Hardening
Nonlinear
Isotropic and
Chaboche
TB,HILL +
TB,NLISO +
TB,CHAB
HILL and
NLISO and
CHAB Example
Anisotropic Isotropic Bilinear TB,HILL + HILL and

M hnh
Model
Lin kt
vi
With ...
Kiu lin kt
Combination
Type
Lnh, Nhn
Command,
Label
Kt ni vi cc
th d
Link to
Example
Viscoplasti-
city
Hardening TB,RATE +
TB,BISO
RATE and
BISO Example
Anisotropic
Viscoplasti-
city
Isotropic
Hardening
Multilinear
TB,HILL +
TB,RATE +
TB,MISO
HILL and
RATE and
MISO Example
Anisotropic
Viscoplasti-
city
Isotropic
Hardening
Nonlinear
TB,HILL +
TB,RATE +
TB,NLISO
HILL and
RATE and
NLISO
Example
Anisotropic
Creep
(Implicit)

TB,HILL +
TB,CREEP
HILL and
CREEP
Example
Anisotropic
Creep and
Plasticity
(Implicit)
Isotropic
Hardening
Bilinear
TB,HILL +
TB,CREEP +
TB,BISO
HILL and
CREEP and
BISO Example
Anisotropic
Creep and
Plasticity
(Implicit)
Isotropic
Hardening
Multilinear
TB,HILL +
TB,CREEP +
TB,MISO
HILL and
CREEP and
MISO Example
Anisotropic Isotropic Nonlinear TB,HILL + HILL and

M hnh
Model
Lin kt
vi
With ...
Kiu lin kt
Combination
Type
Lnh, Nhn
Command,
Label
Kt ni vi cc
th d
Link to
Example
Creep and
Plasticity
(Implicit)
Hardening TB,CREEP +
TB,NLISO
CREEP and
NLISO
Example
Anisotropic
Creep and
Plasticity
(Implicit)
Kinematic
Hardening
Bilinear
TB,HILL +
TB,CREEP +
TB,BKIN
HILL and
CREEP and
BKIN Example
1.7 Cc x l dng trong ANSYS Processors (Routines)
Available in ANSYS
X l
Processor
Hm
Function
ng dn
GUI Path
Lnh
Command
PREP7
Thit lp m
hnh hnh
hc v vt
liu
Main Menu>Preprocessor /PREP7
SOLUTION
t ti v
gii bi ton
PTHH
Main Menu>Solution /SOLU
POST1
Kt xut kt
qu tng
Main Menu>General
Postproc
/POST1

X l
Processor
Hm
Function
ng dn
GUI Path
Lnh
Command
ng vi i
tng ti
mt thi
im kho
st
POST26
Kt xut kt
qu ti mt
im trong
m hnh vi
hm thi
gian
Main Menu>TimeHist
Postpro
/POST26
OPT
Hon thin
bn v ban
u
Main Menu>Design Opt /OPT
PDS
nh lng
hiu qu s
phn tn v
ngu nhin
vi bin
nhp vo ca
phn t phn
tch i vi
kt qu phn
Main Menu>Prob Design /PDS

X l
Processor
Hm
Function
ng dn
GUI Path
Lnh
Command
tch
AUX2
Cc File nh
phn dng
c c
Dump
binary
Utility Menu>File>
List>Binary
FilesUtility Menu>List>Files>
Binary Files
/AUX2
AUX12
Tnh cc h
s bc x v
to ma trn
bc x co
bi ton
nhit
Main Menu>Radiation
Matrix
/AUX12
AUX15
Chuyn File
t CAD
hoc chng
trnh FEA
Utility Menu>File>Import /AUX15
RUNSTAT
D bo thi
gian CPU,
mt sng
trong qu
trnh phn
tch
Main Menu>Run-Time Stats /RUNST

1.8 Kiu ch trong lnh ANSYS
Kiu k t
Type style or
text
ngha Indicates
BOLD Ch hoa m, dng cho tn lnh (nh K,DDELE)
hoc phn t (LINK1).
Bold>Bold Ch m, ch ng dn, c th km du ng
dn > (Utility Menu>Parameters>Get Scalar
Data)
ITALICS Ch in nghing, ch tn cc tham tr (nh VALUE,
INC, TIME).
Italics Ch thng nghing, ch tn cc tham s k t( nh
Lab hoc Fname).

1.9 Cc c im mi trong phin bn ANSYS 10~11
i vi bi ton cu trc (Structural), phin bn ANSYS 10~11 c
nhng tnh nng v ci tin mi cho php nng cao hn na nng lc gii
quyt dng bi ton ny ca ngi s dng. Nhng tnh nng mi c
th hin nh sau:
Giao din mi trong vic nh ngha cc thuc tnh vt liu (New
Material Definition Interface): i vi vic nh ngha cc thuc tnh vt
liu ANSYS 10~11 gm mt giao din mang tnh trc quan trong vic nh
ngha cc thuc tnh ng x ca vt liu. Giao din ny khin cho ngi
dng c th d dng hn trong vic nhp tt c cc d liu vt liu (m
chng c lin kt vi nhau bng cc lnh MP v TB) cho tt c cc bi

ton phn tch khng k n nhng bi ton phn tch ng lc hc tng
minh (ANSYS/LS-DYNA).

Hnh 1. Giao din ban u nh ngha thuc tnh vt liu ca
ANSYS 10~11.

Hnh 2. Cc loi vt liu c sp xp theo cy cu trc.

Nn tng ca giao din ny da trn c s sp xp mt cch logic
gia cc loi vt liu v chng c biu din theo mt th t nht nh
trn cy cu trc (ging nh vic sp xp cc th mc trong Windows
Explorer ca Windows).Sau khi chn c m hnh bi ton thng qua
cy cu trc, ngi dng cn nhp d liu v thuc tnh vt liu v cc hng
s i cng vo trong cc hp thoi tu bin theo theo yu cu ca tng kiu
m hnh bi ton ring bit chn. Chnh s sp xp logic ny hng
dn cho ngi dng c th d dng hn trong vic xc nh mt m hnh
ring bit hay l c mt t hp m hnh cho mt bi ton phn tch.

Hnh 3. Hp thoi nhp cc d liu.
Cc phng php gii (Solvers): Trong lnh vc gii cc bi ton
ANSYS c thm mt cp phng php mi, m hai phng php ny
gii bi ton theo hai hng ring bit:
- AMG (Algebraic MultiGrid Solver): Gii bi ton theo phng
php i s a li.

- DDS (Distributed Domain Solver): Gii bi ton theo phng php
phn b theo tng phn.
Cc phng php ny cho php qu trnh gii bi ton c tin hnh
trn nhiu h vi x l v c th chy nhng m hnh bi ton ln i hi s
lng rt ln b nh ca my tnh.
Phng php AMG da trn c s ca mt h thng nhiu mc
(Multi-level), l mt phng php gii lp m ta c th s dng mt
hoc nhiu h vi x l trong cng mt h thng my tnh gii cc bi
ton m khng tn nhiu thi gian v b nh. Phng php ny rt c hiu
qu trong vic phn tch v gii cc bi ton tnh (Static) hoc qu hon
ton (Full transient) (cc bi ton phn tch ny c th l tuyn tnh hoc
phi tuyn). Thm vo hiu qu ca phng php ny cng c gii hn
trong phm vi cc bi ton phn tch cu trc (Structural) n gin, khi m
cc thng s ca bc t do (DOF-Degree of freedom) ch gii hn trong
phm vi tnh tin v quay theo cc trc X, Y, Z. Cn i vi nhng kiu bi
ton khc nh bi ton nhit khi m cc thng s ca bc t do l nhit
th hiu sut ca phng php ny khng cao.
Phng php DDS l phng php gii chia nh cc m hnh bi
ton ln thnh nhng bi ton nh hn, sau gi nhng bi ton nh n
nhiu h vi x l trong nhiu h thng khc nhau tng tc gii bi
ton. Phng php ny gi bi ton theo m hnh bc thang, n c ng
dng gii cc bi ton ln v phn tch tnh (Static) hoc qu hon
ton (Full transient), vi cc ma trn i xng khng bao hm cc ng
sut cho trc, m men qun tnh lin kt, cc vt th ti, cc phng trnh
rng buc hoc cc bi ton gii theo phng php xc sut. Phng php
ny khng th s dng gii cc bi ton cha cc phn t thanh (Link),
hoc phn t (Prets179), cc siu phn t, v.v

Phng php DDS thc hin gii bng cch t ng chia c m hnh
ln to li ra thnh cc m hnh nh hn m khng c s can thip ca
ngi dng. S bc t do (DOF) trong mi m hnh nh l di 10000 v l
tng l gn 1000. S lng m hnh c chia nh thc ra lun lun
ln hn s lng b vi x l sn c gii bi ton. Trong sut tin trnh
gii, qu trnh phn tch bi ton c tin hnh ng thi cng mt lc
trn h thng my ch v cc h thng my con c ch nh. Mi b
vi x l gii quyt tng phn ca bi ton ln m n c phn cng ng
thi lin kt vi cc b vi x l khc. Sau h thng my ch s dng ln
ton b li gii s bc t do v qu trnh phn tch gii bi ton lc ny ch
cn tip tc trn b vi x l ca my ch.
Cc ci tin mi v cu trc dm v mt ct ngang (Structural Beam
and Cross Section Enhancement): Phin bn ANSYS 10~11 h tr mt cch
c h thng tnh mm do trng thi dm v ng sut, trng thi thc s v
ng sut, cng nh tnh do cho kiu dm (Beam188 v Beam189) l hai
kiu dm 3D c gii hn v sc cng l tuyn tnh. Cc ci tin nng cao
khc v dm chnh l kh nng to li tinh cho mt ct ngang v cho php
ghp li theo mun ca ngi dng.
S kt hp U-P mt cch c h thng cho t hp cc phn t (kt hp
gia phn t phng (Planes) v phn t khi (Solid): S kt hp gia phn
t khi v phn t phng mt cch c h thng to ra sn cc
KEYOPT(la chn kho phn t) thit lp cho tng phn t ring bit v
d phn t PLANE182 (cu trc phn t khi 4 nt - 2D) hay phn t
PLANE183 (cu trc phn t khi 8 nt - 2D)... Vic kt hp ny khin
cho p sut thu tnh tr thnh mt bc t do c lp, trong vic hnh thnh
chuyn v. iu lm cho qu trnh hi t tr nn nhanh v mnh hn i
vi nhng m hnh bi ton vt liu khng nn c hon ton, vt liu n

- do chu sc cng ln, v vt liu n hi tuyn tnh vi h s Poisson's >
0.4999. iu l rt l tng cho vic gi lp m hnh vt liu khng nn
c v d: vt liu cao su t nhin v cao su nhn to.
Phng php tr ring Block Lanczos c mc nh sn cho phn
tch bi ton xc nh dao ng: Phng php tr ring Block Lanczos
[MODOPT,LANB] gi y c mc nh sn cho vic phn tch bi
ton dao ng [ANTYPE,MODAL]. Cc phn t (bao gm c cc phn t
tip xc) cng vi phng php nhn t Lagrange (Lagrange multiplier)
khng(Not) c h tr.
Ci thin v tc gii bi ton: Vi ANSYS 10~11, ton b cc
thao tc gii bi ton dao ng iu ha c ci thin ng k. i vi
cc m hnh to li cho cc phn t 3-D, tc gii bi ton tng
gp hai ln so vi phin bn ANSYS 5.5 ~8.0. i vi bi ton phi tuyn
thi gian gii c ci thin khong 20%.
Ngoi ra phin bn ANSYS 10~11 c thm mt s c im v
cc ci tin mi khc (Other New Features and Enhancements) cho php
pht huy trit cc kh nng ca phn mm nh sau:
Ngi s dng nh r cc li ghi ch (User Defined Legends): Gi
y ngi dng c th sp xp li cc mc ghi ch cc li gii thch tr
nn r rng v d hiu hn. iu cng bao gm c kh nng t ng
nt cho cc li gii thch theo bt k mt hng no trn mn hnh ha
(theo chiu ngang hoc chiu dc). Vic thay i v tr cng nh ni dung
c th dc st nhp vo bt c mt ca s no trong 5 ca s biu din ca
ANSYS.
Tin ch nh bng nn (Background Shading): Ngi dng c th
p dng tin ch nh bng nn cho m hnh to ra, ng thi c th
thay i mu sc bng lnh /COLOR. Ngoi ra cn c th thm vo m

hnh cc b cc thnh phn khc sn c bng lnh /TXTRE, hoc nhp cc
file nh nh phn (*.bmp) lm cho m hnh tr nn phong ph hn.
Ti u ho cng vic biu din ha (Graphic Display
Optimization): Bn cnh vic a ra hnh nh m phng ca m hnh,
ngi dng cn c th a ra c nhiu thng tin khc v d nh m
phng cc thuc tnh trng thi khc nhau ca m hnh ng vi tng gi tr
ring bit. S dng tnh nng "To cc hnh nh cht lng tt nht - Create
Best Quality Image" ti u ho vic s dng cc kt qu ny bng cch:
Vo Utility Menu>PlotCtrls>Best Quality Image>Create Best
Quality. y chnh l tnh nng rt xut sc ca phn mm ANSYS bi v
n cho php nh thit k c th pht hin c cc sai st hng hc trong
qu trnh thit k m khng cn phi tin hnh ch to, vn hnh th.
H tr dng file nn PNG - Portable Network Graphics (PNG File
format support): y l mt kh nng rt hay ca ANSYS 10~11, bi v cc
file nn kiu ny c s dng rt ph bin trn cc h thng my tnh.
Khng ging nh file c nn theo kiu JPEG hoc GIF, kiu file nn
PNG lun gi c s m bo nht mc c th v ng nt, mu sc
ca hnh nh so vi cc kiu nn file khc.
Xy dng hm (Function Builder): Ngi dng c th s dng chc
nng xy dng hm (Function Builder) trong ANSYS p dng cc iu
kin bin phc tp ln mt m hnh. Chc nng Function Builder b sung
vo danh sch iu kin bin, c im ny c gii thiu trong phin
bn ANSYS 5.6, n gm c hai phn:
Chc nng Function Editor t cc d kin u bi, to ra mt phng
trnh hoc hm tu (nhiu phng trnh), v chc nng Funtion Loader
lm nhim v truy cp li cc hm v c chng ra nh l cc mng

TABLE. Sau chng s c p dng cho mt m hnh bi ton s dng
danh sch cc iu kin bin.
Trong chc nng Function Editor, ngi dng c th s dng mt tp
hp cc bin s ban u, cc phng trnh bin s, v cc hm ton hc
xy dng nn cc phng trnh. Ngi dng c th xy dng mt phng
trnh ring l hoc xy dng mt hm l mt chui ca cc phng trnh,
ng thi c th to cc hm v lu tr chng li sau ny s dng cho
cc bi ton phn tch khc.
Hm cc iu kin bin cung cp cc bin s ban u nhiu hn so
vi s cung cp ca danh sch cc iu kin bin.

Hnh 4. Chc nng Function Editor.

Trong chc nng Funtion Loader, ngi dng c th p dng cc gi
tr c bit cho cc phng trnh bin s v xc nh tn mt bng tham s
c th s dng hm cho qu trnh phn tch.

Hnh 5. Chc nng Function Editor
To ra cc bn bo co di dng "Ngn ng nh du siu vn bn -
HTML" (New HTML Report Generator) v a ln h thng mng thng
tin ton cu Internet: Gi y ngi dng c th ly cc thng tin kt qu t
qu trnh phn tch v lu tr n di dng vn bn HTML l mt giao thc
vn bn c s dng trn mng thng tin ton cu. Vi cng c HTML
Report Generator cho php ngi dng to cc hat nh, trch cc bng kt
qu, cc hnh nh ha cng nh l cc phn d liu th (cc log files,
cc ni dung c s d liu ) vo trong mt th mc c ch nh sn.

T ngi dng c th s dng Report Constructor t chc li tt c
cc d liu thnh mt vn bn dng HTML. Thao tc cui cng l to tiu
v nh dng vn bn cho ra mt file HTML hon chnh c th xem
bng cc trnh duyt Web trn mng thng tin ton cu Internet.
Kh nng ca cc file mi dng PRG File (The PGR File Capability):
Nhng file mi dng PGR file c kh nng cho php nh r cc d liu
m chng s c to ra trong sut qu trnh x l gii bi ton, v lu tr
li trong file m ngi dng c th truy cp vo thng qua qu trnh hu x
l POST1. iu s tit kim thi gian tnh ton ca qu trnh hu x l,
v n c th khin cho qu trnh truy cp d liu nhanh ln gp 10 ln so
vi cc phin bn ANSYS trc , c bit l i vi nhng m hnh bi
ton ln (c s bc t do ln hn 10 triu).
Ngi dng c th ch nh nhng d liu no c gi li v ghi vo
PGR file trong sut qu trnh gii SOLUTION, hoc c th vit thm vo
mt PGR file c sn trong sut qu trnh hu x l POSTPROCESSING.
Khi c mt PGR file, tnh chuyn mn ca chc nng PGR Results
Viewer s khin cho vic truy cp vo tt c cc d liu tr nn d dng
thng qua mt hp thai chung. Ngi dng c th to cc dng d liu c
bit nh l cc th v hat nh, cc d liu trch dn hoc l cc nh in,
to cc bng d liu hoc danh sch cc d liu v in d liu trc tip t
mn hnh quan st. Ngi dng thm ch cn c th lin kt trc tip vi
HTML Report Generator, cho php to cc bn bo co trc tip ngay bn
trong ANSYS.
Bng sp xp cc iu kin bin (Tabular Boundary Conditions): Vi
ANSYS 10~11, ngi dng c th m rng hn na kh nng xp sp d
liu theo bng i vi bi ton phn tch nhit bng cch nh ngha cc
iu kin ti ban u v cc bin s c lp. Hn na cc chc nng co dn

ca bng cc iu kin bin i vi cc dng bi ton phn tch khc s
gip ch cho ngi dng thc hin gii c cc bi ton a trng vt l.
Chnh bi s ci tin ny trong ANSYS 10~11, s tit kim c mt s l-
ng ng k thi gian trong vic khi ng v gn li cc iu kin bin
cho mi bi ton ca ngi dng.

Chng 2
Cc lnh c bn- Nhp lnh bng ca s v menu

2.1 Cc lnh khi ng v giao din
1. Lnh Start >Program > ANSYS 10.0
Sau khi khi ng Windows, ta c th khi ng ANSYS.
Vo cc lnh : Start > Program > Ansys 10 chn chc nng khi
ng, thc n cho cc m un chc nng.
Mi chc nng c th khi ng ring bit:
ANS_Admin: dng nhp cc thit lp qun l;
ANSYS System Help: dng khi ng tr gip h thng;
CMAP Utility: dng khi ng chng trnh thit k bn mu;
DISPLAY Utility: dng khi ng chng trnh xem cc nh v
hnh v c ANSYS to ra kiu *.GRP v nh ng *.AVI;

Help System: dng trc tip chy tr gip v tra cu.
INTERACTIVE: dng khi ng chng trnh ANSYS chnh, trong
cho hp thoi iu khin, cn chn cc tham s theo yu cu hp thoi;
RUN INTERACTIVE NOW: dng chy ANSYS mc nh,
INTERACTIVE Thit lp mi trng lm vic cho ANSYS, gm:
ng dn lm vic v mi trng ho, tn file s dng, t dung
lng vng lm vic, c File START.ANS, nh ngha tham s, chn
ngn ng. Sau khi thit lp, chn : Run. Hp cc hng dn xut hin, c
lm theo hoc mc nh.
Tip sau, bm OK khi ng tip.
Mn hnh giao in ANSYS xut hin.
2. Mn hnh giao din

2. Mn hnh ANSYS
Trn mn hnh c :

ANSYS Menu Utility: Thanh Menu tin ch, cha cc tin ch b
sung cc lnh ph tr, kim sot cc thit lp v nhp xut d liu.
ANSYS Main Menu: Menu chnh, cha cc lnh chnh ca
ANSYS.
ANSYS input: ca s nhp lnh t bn phm.
ANSYS Graphic: Ca s mn hnh ho.
ANSYS Toolbar: Cc thanh chc nng ghi lu d liu, thot, ch
ho v cc cng c do ngi s dng to ra.
ANSYS Output: Ca s ghi li ton b cc vic lm ca ANSYS v
cc kt qu tnh ton phn tch.

2.2 Menu chnh - Main Menu
C 3 cch nhp lnh: nhp t bn phm, nhp bng c cc file d
liu chng trnh, hoc nhp bng Menu. Sau y ta s nghin cu cch s
dng Menu nhp lnh gii bi ton trong ANSYS.
I. nh dng bi ton Preferences
Lnh: Main Menu > Preferences:
Khi ANSYS c np xong cn tin hnh nh dng bi ton nh sau:
Trn ANSYS Main menu chn Preferences.
Ca s thng bo xut hin cc tu chn bi ton:
- Structural: Bi ton kt cu
- Thermal: Bi ton nhit.
- ANSYS Fluid: Bi ton thy kh.
- FLOTRAN CFD: Bi ton ng lc hc cht lng.
Cc bi ton v in t:
- Magnetic-Nodal: in t - Nt

- Magnetic-Edge: in t - Cnh
- High Frequency: Tn s cao
- Electric: in t
C th t chn cc phng php gii bi ton:
- h-Method: Phng php h (tng chnh xc tnh ton
bng tng bc a thc)
- p-Method Struct: Phng php - p (dng cho cu trc,
tng chnh xc bng chia nh li phn t)
- p-Method Electr: Phng php - p dng cho in t
- LS-DYNA Explicit: Gii LS-DYNA tng minh.

Sau khi chn xong: Bm chut vo OK.

II. H tin x l - Preprocessor (Prep7):
Trong h tin x l, gm:
Xc lp phn t: Chn kiu phn t, nhp hng s thc v thuc tnh vt
liu. ng thi chn cc tit din mt ct (Section) trong bi ton kt cu.

H tin x l
Kiu phn t
Hng s thc...
Thuc tnh vt liu >
Cc dng mt ct
M hnh ho
To m hnh
Cc ton t
Dch chuyn/ bin i
Sao chp
Phn chiu
Kim tra hnh hc
Xo
Cp nht hnh hc
Cc thuc tnh
nh ngha
Cng c chia li
Kim tra kch thc
Chn la li
Rng buc
Chia li
Bin i li
V cc phn t
hng
Chn cc phn t
hng
Xo
Kim tra kim sot
Kim tra nh s
Lu m hnh
Bi ton tc dng kp/ Hm
lin kt
To phn mi tnh tn s
Thit lp FLOTRAN
t ti
Mi trng Vt l

- M hnh ho: Cho php to cc im, ng, din tch trong m hnh
2D, ng thi cho php xy dng m hnh 3D vi cc lnh x l cng tr
lgic, xo v cp nht hnh.

- nh ngha cc thuc tnh: s cc nt, phn t, cc hng s vt liu,
h to cho cc im, ng, din tch v th tch.
- Cng c chia li: cho hp iu khin vic chia li phn t.
Chia li: chn cc tham s chia li. iu khin kch thc li.
Vic chia li cn c kim sot bo m s phn t khng c
vt qu kh nng tnh ca phin bn.
Trong trng hp gii bi ton tc dng kp hoc a trng vt l,
cn chn cc tham s thch hp cho bi ton.
Trong h tin x l cn cho php thit lp bi ton dng FLOTRAN,
chn cch gii, nhp cc thuc tnh dng kh.
- t ti: dng t kiu bi ton, chn cch phn tch, thit lp
kiu ti v nhp ti, cc thao tc nhp ti, bc t ti trong bi ton phi
tuyn v ng.
- Mi trng Vt l: Dng xc lp dng mi trng vt l. Chn cp
mi trng vt l tnh ton.
3. Khai bo v kiu phn t: thm, to, xo cc phn t. Khi bm
chut vo Element Type, hp thoi chn kiu phn t xut hin.
Lnh : Preprocessor > Element Type

Vo chn kiu phn t:
Lnh: Preprocessor > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete...
Hp thoi kiu phn t xut hin, bm nt Add.. nhp kiu phn t.

Hp thoi th vin kiu phn t xut hin. C th chn cc kiu phn
t. Trong h kiu phn t cu trc c phn t c lng (Mass), phn t
thanh (Link), dm (Beam), ng (Pipe), phn th khi (Solid), phn t v
(Shell).
H phn t siu n hi; H phn t c nht; H phn t tip xc; H
phn t kt hp.
H phn t nhit, vi cc nhm: phn t c lng (Mass), phn t
thanh (Link), phn th khi (Solid), phn t v (Shell).

Sau khi chn h phn t, vo chn kiu phn t. Trong mt h c
nhiu kiu khc nhau, tu bi ton chn.

Tu chn bi ton - KeyOptions
Mi kiu phn t c mt s kho chn bi ton. Th d phn t
Plane42, c kho KOP(3) vi cc tu chn khc nhau chn bi ton ng
sut phng (0), bin dng phng (1) hay i xng trc (2). Khi chn phn
t xong vo, Options xem phn t yu cu chn kho no.

4. Hng s c trng Real Constans:
Khai bo cc c trng hnh hc: thm, to, xa cc hng s c
trng ( Chiu cao dm, din tch mt ct, m men qun tnh...).
Lnh: Preprocessor > Real Constants >Add/Edit/Delete...

Hp thoi Real constants xut hin:
Nhp chut vo Add chn phn t
Cn nhp Real Const.
Hp thoi nhp gi tr Real constant xut hin. Theo yu cu bi ton
tng ng vi mi mt kiu phn t, nhp cc gi tr c trng mt ct,
nh: din tch mt ct, m men qun tnh mt ct, chiu cao, hng s ct,
d ng sut, ...

Nu s dng nhiu kiu phn t khc nhau, sau mi ln nhp cho 1
kiu phn t, phi nhp chut vo Apply, hp thoi Generic Real
Constant s n v quay v hp thoi Real Constant.
Nhp chut vo Edit son tho cc c trng mt ct ca phn t
th 2.
Mun xa vo Delete.
Nhp xong bm OK.
5. Thuc tnh vt liu - Material Props

Lnh: Preprocessor > Material Props
Hp thoi khai bo thuc tnh vt liu gm: Th vin vt liu, n v
nhit , m hnh vt liu, vt liu Mooney-Rivlin, thay i s hiu vt
liu, ghi vo File, c d liu t File.

Khi nhp chut vo Material Library hp thoi cho php vo chn
ng dn th vin cc vt liu c trong ANSYS.
Vo Temperature Units chn th nguyn cho tham s nhit (K,
C hay F).

Chn th nguyn cho vt liu, tu thuc ngi s dng, c th dng cc
h th nguyn SI, CGS, BFI, BIN hoc h th nguyn do ngi s dng
nh ngha.
Ch : Khi chn Units, ANSYS s chuyn i h o v Units c
chn. Yu cu ngi s dng phi nhp cc tham s vt l theo ng th
nguyn chn. Nu nhp sai, kt qu tnh ton s khng ng.

Vo Material Models chn nhp vt liu.
Lnh Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models

Cn nhp thuc tnh vt liu cho tng m hnh.
Hp thoi nh ngha m hnh vt liu cho php vo nhp cc gi
tr ca thuc tnh vi cc m hnh: vt liu cu trc, nhit, in t, m
hng, thu kh, piezo in. Tu cc vt liu c th ca bi ton chn.
Th d vo vt liu kt cu. C vt liu tuyn tnh v phi tuyn. Trong
vt liu phi tuyn c vt liu n hi, phi n hi. Trong phi n hi c bin

cng ng hng, bin cng ng, bin cng lin hp, bin cng d hng,
cao su, vt liu do ph thuc tc , vt liu do phi kim loi. ANSYS cho
php gii cc bi ton vi cc m hnh vt liu khc nhau. Vic nhp cc c
s d liu v vt liu c tm quan trng i vi chnh xc ca bi ton.

Vo trong bng Bin m hnh vt liu chn dng thuc tnh.
Cch nhp cc d liu thuc tnh ANSYS di dng bng. Trng
hp cc thng s vt l bin i theo nhit hoc thi gian, thuc tnh
c biu din di mt biu thc vi hm m ca tham s.
Mi nhit , vt liu phi tuyn c cc gi tr theo mt hm vi cc h
s C khc nhau. ng thi thuc tnh vt liu bin i theo nhit . Mi
khi thay i nhit , bm vo Add thm ct nhit .
Vt liu c tnh trc hng, cn nhp d liu theo tng hng. Cc
gi tr ny c ly t cc th nghim ko hoc nn.
Nhp d liu thuc tnh vt liu c nhp theo tng m hnh:

Khi thuc tnh vt liu khng ph thuc thi gian, vo
Constant/Isotropic hoc /Orthotropic nhp cc s liu tng ng vt
liu ng nht trc hng. Vo mc Temp Dependent nhp cc thuc
tnh bin i theo nhit .
Trong , cc d liu c nhp theo bng, chuyn i h s dn n
nhit ALPX,

Nhp cc gi tr thuc tnh vt liu theo nhit . Cc nhit T1, T2,
..., T6 tng ng vi cc h s N, N+1, ..., N+5.
Trong cc phin bn trc ANSYS 7.0 c Bng nh ngha cc thuc
tnh vt liu dng chn cc thuc tnh vt l.
Cc gi tr thuc tnh c xc nh theo cc hng khc nhau. Trong
bi ton vi vt liu ng nht v ng hng nhp cc gi tr trn vo
phng X.
Nu vt liu d hng, phi nhp cc gi tr theo 3 hng X, Y, Z.
M un n hi Elastic Modulus: EX, EY, EZ,...
H s dn n nhit Therm Expan Coef: ALPX, ALPY, ALPZ...
Nhit tham chiu Reference Temp: T0:
H s Poison Poissons Ratio: NUXY:
Mdun trt Shear Modulus: GXY;
H s hm Damping Multip: DAMP;
H s ma st Friction Coef: MU
Mt Density: DENS.

Vo chn nhn thuc tnh, sau nhp cc gi tr thuc tnh tng
ng.
6. Mt ct Sections
Lnh Preprocessor > Sections

Chn mt ct dm Section c sn:
Trong mc th vin, vo chn ng dn tm mc
th vin.
Mc Beam cho php nhp cc hnh dng kch thc
cc tit din chung, tit din t chn, v v tit din.
Mc trnh din cho php biu din li, thay tn...
Mc danh sch v xo mt ct cho php lit k cc
mt ct trong m hnh v xo chng.
Trong ANSYS c th vin mt ct vi cc mt ct
chun. Khi vo Section Library cho php tm n
cc th vin c sn hoc nhp mt th vin mi.

7. M hnh ho hnh hc
Lnh Preprocessor > Modeling
ANSYS cho php xy dng cc m hnh hnh hc 2D v 3D nh mc
Modeling.
Vo mc Common Sections, hp thoi
Beam tool xut hin, trong cn nhp
ch s ID, tn dm. Mc Sub-Type cho
php chn cc kiu tit din.

Mi tit din c cc thng s hnh hc,
nhp gi tr theo k hiu trong hp thoi.
Nu c nhiu mt ct, mi ln vo, s
dng Apply. Cui cng OK kt thc.

Nhm lnh M hnh ha gm:
Lnh Create chn cc lnh con to li cho m hnh.
Lnh Operate dng x l ton t lgc, to m hnh phc tp t
m hnh c bn..
Lnh Modify dng thay i cc tham s hnh hc ca m hnh.
Cc lnh Copy- sao chp, Reflect - phn chiu, Check Geom - kim
tra chnh xc hnh dng hnh hc, Delete - xo hnh.
Update Geom cp nht li cc thng s hnh hc, bo m cc
im nt u c bt ng, khng b h.
Lnh Attributes Define dng kim sot cc thuc tnh ca cc im,
ng, din tch, th tch. Cc thuc tnh gm: Kiu phn t, S hiu vt
liu, S hiu hng s vt liu, H ta s dng, S hiu mt ct.
Lnh MeshTool dng gi hp thoi iu khin chia li.
Lnh chia li Meshing dng cho chia li khng dng lnh t ng.
Cho php t kch c li, kiu chia, thay i, xa...
M hnh ha
To m hnh
Cc php ton t
Dch chuyn hoc thay i
Sao chp
Kim tra hnh hc
Xa
Cp nht hnh
Cc thuc tnh - nh ngha
Cng c chia li
Chia li:
Kim sot kch thc
Chn dng chia li
Thay i li
....

Lnh Checking Ctrls cho php kim sot m hnh v cc tham s hnh
hc ca m hnh.
To m hnh Create

C th to m hnh trc tip t vic xc nh cc nt v phn t.
Trong lnh Create to m hnh hnh
hc, cho php to cc m hnh dng im,
ng, din tch, khi. Trong m hnh ng
c th v cc ng thng (Lines), cung
(Arcs), ng cong (Splines), v in ng
theo im. Dng ng thng theo to ,
ng tip tuyn vi mt ng khc, ng
vung gc vi mt ng khc, ng to
thnh mt gc vi ng khc.
To ng cung theo 3 im, cho
im u v bn knh, cho tm v bn knh.
To hnh ch nht bng to 2 gc,
bng cho to .
To hnh trn Solid hoc mt r qut.
Khi xy dng m hnh din tch c th
dng theo to , theo hnh vung, hnh trn,
a tuyn.
Khi xy dng m hnh th tch, c th
dng m hnh khi bng nhp to , to
block, hnh tr, hnh chp, hnh cu, hnh
chp v hnh xuyn.

To m hnh PTHH t nt.
Trc ht, to mt lm vic, to ta hin hnh.
nh ngha nt v in cc nt trung gian.
Bin i quay to ca nt.
Ghi lu v c file nt.

Cc thuc tnh ca phn t
T ng nh s nt phn t
Thit lp phn t t cc nt,
Ti cc nt chng
Cc nt Offset,
Trn mt tip xc:
Tip xc mt/mt
Hiu ng tip xc
Tip xc nt/mt
Chia li ty
nh s theo ngi s dng
Ghi File Phn t
c File phn t
Cc siu phn t
Cc ton t Booleans:
T cc hnh 2D hoc 3D, c th ghp thnh
cc hnh phng hoc khi nh tc php ton
t: Cng, Tr, Chia...
Cc lnh vut Extrude, Sweep...
Cc lnh xc nh ng giao, cng tr
hnh khi, chia, ct...

T l
i tng hnh hc tnh ton.

III. Cc lnh Solution

Cn xc nh kiu phn tch cho ANSYS. Nu khng , ANSYS hiu
l s dng kiu phn tch tnh.
Chn kiu bi ton phn tch ANTYPE

- Xc nh kiu phn tch:
Kiu phn tch
Khi ng li...
Phn tch chn Options
- t ti:
Thit lp ti
t ti
Xa ti
Cc thao tc
- Chn bc t ti:
Thit lp li Option
- c File LS
- Ghi File LS
- D ng lc
- Gii:
T LS hin hnh
T File LS
Li gii cc b

Analysis Type/New Analysis t kiu phn tch: Phn tch tnh Static,
Phn tch dao ng Modal, Phn tch cng hng Harmonic, Bi ton
Transient, Bi ton ph Spectrum, Bi ton n nh Buckling, Bi ton cu
trc con Substructuring.
ANSYS gii bi ton, trong h Solution cn nhp cc ti v cc
rng buc. Vic t ti nh phn Loads trnh by.

Sau khi t Setting, vo Apply nhp ti.

Trong bi ton ng, quan h cc tham s ph thuc thi gian, c
gii theo phng php lp. Cn chn bc t ti Load Step Opts.

Trong bi ton Structural, c th nhp chuyn v v
lc. Trong , c th c cc dng:
Lc tp trung Force/ m men Moment,
Lc phn b Pressure,
Nhit Temperature,
Trong lc,
Mt ct mong mun,
v cc thng s khc nh gia tc, tc ...
Trong Thit lp kiu ti v rng buc Setting, s
dng cc ti nhit u, nhit gc tham chiu.
i vi ti b mt,
Thit lp gradient,
Hm nt
Thit lp cc rng buc Constraints,
Cc lc Force,
Cc ti b mt,
Ti nt,
Ti trn mt ca phn t,
...
Output Ctrls Kim sot in n, cc File GRP, DB...
Solution Ctrols ng hay m kha Kim sot li
gii vi vic chn hay khng chn cng nn.
Time/Frequence Thit lp bc thi gian v cc
bc con tnh ton.
Nonlinear vo chn chun hi t bi ton, cc
chun cn bng, chun t bin...

Trong Solution cho php nhp ti t mt File chia thnh cc bc ti.
Vo Read LS File, nhp m hiu File ly d liu ti. Cng nh vy, coa
th ghi li bc t ti vo 1 File, s dng tip sau.
ANSYS cho php tnh ton cc bi ton dng ng sut trc. ng sut
trc c th dng d ng lc trong cc thanh, dm. Cng c th dng ng
sut d trong cc kt cu hn. Vo Initial Stress:
Read IS File - chn nhp ng sut d t file;
Apply Const Strs - t ng sut trc cho kt cu;
Xem danh sch, ghi xa gi tr ng sut trc.
Sau khi t ti vo mc Solve chn cch gii:

ANSYS gii bi ton theo cc lnh t bc nh phn trn, nhp vo
Current LS. Ca s Output hin cc thng s c t v tnh ton theo
cc bc thit lp.

Gii theo bc t ti LS hin ti
Gii t file LS
Li gii cc b
Chia li thch nghi
Chn Topologic

III. Hu x l Postprocessor
C 2 mc Hu x l: Hu x l cc bi ton tnh v Hu x l
cc bi ton ph thuc thi gian.

Data & File Opts dng ch File c s d liu v File xut kt qu
Results Summary xem tng hp kt qu tnh ton.
Vic xut kt qu ty thuc ngi s dng. Mc Read Results dng c
cc kt qu theo cc ty chn:
First Set c kt qu theo bc thit lp u tin;
Next Set c kt qu theo bc thit lp tip theo;
Hu x l chung (POST1)
Chn d liu v File
Bng tng hp kt qu
c kt qu: Theo cc thit lp u tin
Theo thit lp tip theo
Theo thit lp trc ...
Bng cc bc t ti
Bng thi gian/tn s
Bng thit lp s hiu
Bi ton dao ng chu k i xng
FLOTRAN 2.1
Kt qu dng hnh v
Kt qu Lit k
Kt qu dng cu hi
Cc la chn xut kt qu
Cc kt qu theo Viewer (quan st dng hnh ng)
Ghi File PGR ( file ghi cc dng hnh nh )
Kt qu tnh ton theo nt
Bng phn t
Cc thao tc theo bc
Cc trng hp t ti
Ghi kt qu
M hnh con ...
bi ton mi
....
nh ngha/ Thay i
Kt qu tnh theo nt
Kt qu tnh theo phn t
D liu bng phn t
Thit lp li mi trng

Previous c kt qu theo bc thit lp trc , khi c mt
kt qu no ;
Last Set c kt qu theo thit lp tip;
By Load Step c kt qu theo cc bc t ti. Khi vo,
ANSYS cho hp thoi chn s bc t ti, s bc con, t l cho mt i
tng trong mt bc thit lp;
By Time/Freq c kt qu ti mt thi im no c ngi s
dng thit lp thi gian, hoc gi tr ti im gn thi gian .
By set Number c kt qu theo s hiu thit lp.
Modal Cyclic Sym c kt qu trong bi ton dao ng chu k i
xng vi cch gii Read - in hay Expand.
ANSYS cho php gii cc bi ton dng 2D v 3D kt hp vi phn
mm FLOTRAN. C th tnh c dng chy nn c v khng nn c,
dng chy tng hoc dng chy ri ty chun Re.
Sau khi thit lp yu cu xut kt qu, ngi s dng c th chn hnh
thc biu din kt qu.
Plot Results: Cc kt qu cho di dng nh mu quan h gia cc tham
s. ANSYS cho rt nhiu kiu: quan h ng sut, quan h bin dng, tc
bin dng, gia tc... Vo Plot Results, chn dng quan h cn thit xut.
ANSYS cn cho dng bng kt qu. Mun ly kt qu vo List Results.
Do nhiu bi ton phc tp, khng cn v ht cc s liu tnh ton, ANSYS
cho php ly kt qu cc b v kt qu theoyu cu bng Query Results.
Results Viewer cho php xut kt qu v to File hnh ng, quan st
qu trnh bin i ca cc tham s t lc bt u t ti n gi tr ti ln
nht.
Cc kt qu c th chn theo tnh ton Nt, cng c th chn kt qu
tnh theo phn t. Mt s trng hp tnh ton cn xc nh cc kt qu cc

b cho mt vi nt hoc mt s phn t c bit, vo Define/Modify chn
Nodal Results hoc Elem Results, ANSYS cho hp thoi tr gip ch nh
nt hoc phn t cn xem kt qu tnh ton.
Hu x l bi ton theo thi gianTimeHist Postpro (POST26)

Thit lp Setting- Setting/File: ANSYS yu cu thit lp ng dn n
File d liu. Vo Setting v thit lp ng dn cho File d liu c.
Thit lp d liu Data Setting - Vo Setting/Data t gi tr thi gian
MIN , MAX, bc chi thi gian.
Thit lp danh sch List Settings - Cn c bng thng k theo cc tham
s: TMIN, TMAX, s gia N, s bin IR, tn bin VARNAM...
Thit lp th Graph Settings - thit lp phm vi thi gian, bc chia
thi gian, t bin cho cc trc XVAR, ... cho hnh v.
Math Operation - Cc php ton cng tr, nhn chia, cc gi tr tuyt
i, cn, ly tha, Loga, tm gi tr Max, Min...
Ton dng bng dng chuyn cc bin thnh cc tham s v ngc li.
Smooth Data Lm trn cc d liu, theo hng dn in cc tham s
l trn, kh cc tp nhiu,
Thit lp
Lu d liu
nh ngha bin
c d liu LSDYNA
Lit k Danh sch bin
Lit k Danh sch cc tr Extrems
Bin th
Cc php ton tnh ton
Cc php ton dng bng
To ph.
.....

Thit lp li Hu x l

Generate Spectrum - To li gii dng ph quan h cc bin vi thi
gian,
Elec&Mag - Kt qu bi ton in-T, tnh dng in, cc tham s in
t trng. Vo Elec&Mag cho hp thoi, in cc tham s cho kt qu.

2.3 Thc n tin ch Menu utility

Trong thc n chnh c 10 thc n ko xung.
1. File

2. Chn Select
Trong xy dng m hnh hnh hc v trong qu trnh t ti, cn
xc nh cc b mt i tng nh nt, phn t, mt thnh phn trong
cm lp... vo thc n Select v chn.
Xa v khi to mt File mi
Thay tn File
Thay tiu
Xem li File *.DB
Xem li t...

Ghi d liu vi tn.db
Ghi d liu.
Ghi d liu vo File *. log
Nhp bng cch c d liu t...
Kho xut kt qu n

Lit k
Cc thao tc File
Chn File ANSYS
Nhp...
Xut...

Thot

Chn Comp/Assemb - cho cc chn la sau:

Trong chn EveryThing Bellow cho php chn tt c cc i tng:

3. Th mc List
Chn i tng
Chn Thnh phn/Cm lp

Chn tt c
Chn cc i tng sau
Sau khi chn vo Entities, ANSYS co mt
khung thoi chn. C th chn Nt, Phn
t, Th tch, Din tch, ng, im.
Vo kiu chn: Bay Num/Pick - Chn s
hoc chn bng cch kch chut,
Attached to - chn bng gn vi mt di
tng, By Location - bng cc b...
Hp thoi yu cu chn phng thc:
From Full, Reselect, Also Select,
Unselect.
Hp thoi c mt s nt iu khin:
Sele All - Chn tt c, Sele None Khng
chn, Invert Chn ngc li.
OK Chp nhn v thot, Apply - dng
khi cn chn tip, Plot - V, Replot- V
li.
To thnh phn mi
To cm lp
Son tho cm lp
Chn thnh phn/ cm lp
Lit k dang sch thnhphn/ cm lp
Xa Thnh phn/Cm lp
Chn Tt c v khng chn.
Th tch
Din tch
ng
im

List/File - Cho php lit k di dng bng cc File nh File *.LOG,
File *.ERR,..., dng xem v kim tra.

List/Status - Cho php lit k:

C th chn xem trng thi cc im, ng, din tch, th tch, nt,
phn t.
Cng c th xem trng thi cc b bng cch vo Picked Entities
xem kt qu ca cc i tng c chn.

Trng thi chung

Trng thi ha
Mt lm vic
Cc tham s
p- Method
Tin x l
Li gii Solution
Hu x l chung
Hu x l nh hng thi gian
Cc chn la thit k
Trng thi thi gian
Ma trn ng cho
Lit k Keypoint theo ta
Lit k im c ta vi thuc tnh
Lit k cc im cng

4. Thc n Plot

5. PlotCtrls - Kim sot v
Properties xem lit k cc thuc tnh:
Kiu phn t
Tt c Real Constant
Mt s Real Constant c dnh ngha
Thuc tnh mt ct
Tt c thuc tnh vt liu
Vt liu v nhit c nh ngha
Tt c vt liu v tt c nhit
...
D liu lp Layer
Bng d liu...
Thc n Plot dng iu khin cc lnh v.
Replot- V li
M hnh c xy dng. Mc Plot cho
php hin cc im, cc ng, cc din tch,
cc th tch, cc i tng ring bit c nh
ngha.
Cng nh vy, c th cho hin cc nt, cc
phn t.
Materials cho v th quan h vt liu vi
nhit . Nhp vo Material, mt hp hi
thoi xut hin cho php chn loi vt liu,
phm vi nhit TMIN, TMAX cn v th.
Data Tables Cho bng d liu;
Array Parameters - cho v tham s di dng
mng c nhp.
Lit k ti:
Rng buc bc t do DOF
Lc, ti b mt
Ti khi
Ti ban u, Ti ca m hnh c
iu kin ban u
iu kin ban u ca phn t

6. Th mc Mt lm vic WorkPlane

7. Th mc Parameters
Di chuyn, Phng to thu nh, Quay...
Thit lp kiu hnh chiu
nh s: t kha nh s im, ng, ..
Cc k hiu: iu kin bin, Ti b mt...
Kiu: Thit lp cc kiu v, mu, kiu ng...
Kim sot Font: Vo chn Font cho cc k t.
Kim sot Ca s: Chn cc dng ca s...
Chn xa: Chn cch xa hnh.
Hot hnh: To hot hnh vi cc File *.AVI.
Ghi ch: Chn kiu ch gii 2D, 3D...
Chn thit b: theo Mode Vector, Mode AVI , Bmp;
To bn v vi cc kiu khc nhau (*.JPG, *.GRP...
Sao vo File hoc vo my in
Ghi cc kim sot v vo File theo ng dn,
Ly ra cc kim sot c ghi,
Thit lp li kim sot v,
Bt nh: bt nh trn mn hnh, ghi vo File,
Gi nh c ra mn hnh, theo ng dn,
Ghi Metafile,
Kim sot Multi-Plot: Chn ca s hnh nh v,
i tng v.

Hin Mt ang lm vic WP
Biu din trng thi mt lm vic WP
Thit lp mt lm vic
Offset mt lm vic theo s gia
Offset mt lm vic
Cn mt lm vic t im, ng, mt
i h ta CS
i biu din CS
H ta a phng

8.Th mc Macro

9 Th mc MenuCtrl

2.4 Tm tt mt s lnh thng dng
Cc lnh trong PREP7: Cc lnh trong mc ny c dng xy
dng v b tr mt m hnh bi ton c th.

- Nhm cc lnh v c s d liu - Database:
Cc lnh PREP7 s dng c mt m hnh d liu vo trong
kho c s d liu, a danh sch ra khi c s d liu, ng thi iu
khin qu trnh nh s cc thc th trong c s d liu.
t t l cho tham s
t t l cho d liu
Tham s mng: nh ngha, c File..
t tham s mng
Ton t mng: Ton vect, ma trn
Th nguyn gc
Ghi lu tham s
Ly ra tham s
To macro: Son tho mt Macro
Execute Macro bng cch nhp tham s
ng dn tm Macro
Execute nhm d liu
Son tho mc
Ghi lu mc
Ly ra mc
Thanh cng c Bi ton c
Thanh cng c Cp nht
Thanh Son tho
Thanh Ghi
Thanh gi File
Kim sot thng bo
Lp Menu Ghi

AFLIST Sp xp cc d liu hin thi trong c s d liu.
CDREAD c mt file ca m hnh khi v cc thng tin d liu vo
trong kho d liu.
CDWRITE Vit kiu dng hnh hc v nhp cc mc d liu vo mt
file.
CHECK Kim tra tnh y ca cc mc d liu hin thi.
IGESOUT Vit cc d liu m hnh khi vo mt file theo nh dng
IGES phin bn 5.1.
NUMCMP Nn thao tc nh s cc mc c nh ngha.
NUMOFF Thm vo mt s khong trng cho cc mc c nh
ngha.
NUMSTR Thit lp cc s khi u cho vic t ng nh s cc
mc.
/PREP7 Bt u tin hnh cng vic to m hnh cho qu trnh tin
x l.
- Nhm cc lnh v kiu phn t - Element Type:
Cc lnh PREP7 ny dng nh ngha kiu phn t c s
dng trong m hnh.
DOF Thm s bc t do cho thit lp DOF hin thi.
ET nh ngha mt kiu phn c th trong th vin phn t.
ETCHG Thay i cc kiu phn t cho ph hp vi cc kiu ca
chng.
ETDELE Xo kiu phn t.
ETLIST Lit k cc kiu phn t c nh ngha hin thi.
KEYOPT Thit lp cc la chn kho phn t.

- Nhm cc lnh v hng s - Real Constants:
Cc lnh PREP7 ny cho php nh ngha kiu m hnh hng
sc dng trong bi ton.
R nh ngha cc hng s thc phn t.
RDELE Xa cc thit lp hng s thc.
RLIST Xp xp cc thit lp hng s thc.
RMODIF Chnh sa cc thit lp hng s thc.
RMORE Thm cc hng s thc vo trong mt thit lp.
- Nhm cc lnh v vt liu - Materials:
Cc lnh PREP7 s dng nh ngha cc thuc tnh vt liu
EMUNIT nh ngha h thng n v cho cc bi ton t trng.
MP nh ngha cc thuc tnh vt liu tuyn tnh.
MPAMOD Sa i cc h s ph thuc nhit ca qu trnh gin
n nhit.
MPCOPY
Sao chp d liu m hnh ca vt liu ny cho mt vt
liu khc.
MPDELE Xa cc c tnh vt liu tuyn tnh.
/MPLIB Thit lp ng dn c v vit t th vin.
MPLIST To danh sch cc thuc tnh vt liu tuyn tnh.
MPMOD Lin kt cc thuc tnh vt liu cho m hnh vt liu
ng lc hc tng minh.
MPUNDO Di chuyn cc m hnh vt liu lin kt c xc nh
khng ng.
MPREAD c mt file c cha cc thuc tnh vt liu.

MPWRITE Vit cc thuc tnh vt liu trong kho d liu vo mt
file(nu nh vic chn th vin vt liu khng c xc
nh).
- Nhm cc lnh v im - Keypoints:
Cc lnh PREP7 ny c s dng to, chnh sa, lit k cc
im.
GSUM Tnh ton v in cc m hnh hnh hc.
K nh ngha mt im.
KBETW To mt im gia hai im sn c.
KCENTER To mt im ti tm ca ng trn c nh ngha
qua ba v tr.
KDELE Xo cc im khng c to li.
KDIST Tnh ton v lit k khong cch gia hai im.
KFILL To cc im nm trong hai im c.
KGEN To thm cc im t mt phn ca cc im.
KL To mt im ti v tr c xc nh trn mt ng
thng c sn.
KLIST Lit k cc im c nh ngha.
KMODIF Chnh sa cc im c sn.
KMOVE Tnh ton v di chuyn mt im n v tr giao nhau.
KNODE nh ngha mt im ti v tr ca mt nt c sn.
KPLOT Hin th cc im c la chn.
KSUM Tnh ton v in cc thng k hnh hc ca cc im
c chn.

KTRAN Di chuyn mt phn cc im n mt h ta khc.
SOURCE nh ngha mt v tr mc nh cho cc nt hoc cc
im khng c nh ngha.
- Nhm cc lnh v ng - Lines:
Cc lnh PREP7 dng to, chnh sa, lit k, v.v cc ng.
L nh ngha mt ng gia hai im.
L2ANG To mt ng thng ti gc sinh ra bi hai ng
thng.
L2TAN To mt ng thng tip tuyn vi hai ng thng.
LARC nh ngha mt cung trn.
LAREA To mt ng ngn nht gi hai im trn mt mt.
LDELE Xo cc ng thng khng c to li.
LDIV Chia mt ng thng ra hai hay nhiu ng thng
LEXTND Ko di mt ng thng thng qua h s gc ca n.
LFILLT To mt ng vng gia hai ng ct nhau.
LGEN To thm cc ng thng t mt phn ca ng
thng.
LLIST Lit k cc ng thng c nh ngha.
LPLOT Biu din cc im c chn.
- Nhm cc lnh thao tc v to li - Meshing:
Cc lnh PREP7 dng to li m hnh khi vi cc nt v cc
phn t.
ACLEAR Xo cc nt v phn t mt lin kt vi cc mt
c la chn.

AESIZE Xc nh kch thc phn t c to li trn cc
mt.
AMAP To mt bn li 2-D da trn cc phng xc nh
ca mt.
AREFINE Lm tinh li xung quanh cc mt c xcnh.
CLRMSHLN Xo cc thc th c to li.
DESIZE iu khin qu trnh mc nh kch thc ca cc
phn t.
ESIZE Xc nh s khong chia ca ng thng.
- Nhm cc lnh thao tc v nt - Nodes:
Cc lnh PREP7 dng to, chnh sa, lit k, v.v, cc nt.
FILL To mt ng thng lin kt cc nt gia hai nt c
sn.
MOVE Tnh ton v di chuyn mt n mt giao im.
N nh ngha mt nt.
NDELE Xo cc nt.
NDIST Tnh ton v lit k khong cch gia hai nt.
NGEN To thm nt t mt phn ca nt.
NLIST Lit k cc nt.
NMODIF Chnh sa mt nt c sn.
NPLOT Biu din cc nt.
NREAD c cc nt t mt file.
NWRITE Vit cc nt vo mt file.

- Nhm cc lnh thao tc v phn t - Elements:
Cc lnh PREP7 dng to, chnh sa, lit k, v.v, cc phn t.
E nh ngha mt phn t qua lin kt nt.
EDELE Xo cc phn t c la chn t m hnh.
EGEN To cc phn t t mt phn c sn.
ELIST Lit k cc phn t.
EMODIF Chnh sa phn t c nh ngha trc .
EMORE Thm vo cc nt tng xng vi phn t c nh
ngha.
ENGEN To cc phn t t mt phn c sn.
EPLOT Hin th cc phn t.
EREAD c cc phn t t mt file.
EWRITE Vit cc phn t vo file.

- Nhm cc lnh thao tc v bc t do ghp i - Coupled DOF:
Cc lnh PREP7 dng to, chnh sa, lit k cc bc t do ghp i.
CP nh ngha hoc chnh sa mt cp bc t do.
CPDELE Xo cc thit lp cho cp bc t do.
CPLGEN To ra cc thit lp cc cp nt t thit lp c sn.
CPLIST Lit k cc thit lp cp bc t do.
CPNGEN nh ngha, chnh sa, hoc thm vo thit lp mt cp
bc t do.

- Nhm cc lnh v mt ct ngang - Cross Sections:
Cc lnh PREP7 ny dng iu khin mt ct ngang.
SDELETE Xo mt ct ngang t kho d liu ca ANSYS.
SECDATA M t hnh hc ca mt mt ct ngang dm.
SECPLOT In hnh dng hnh hc mt ct ngang ca dm.

Cc lnh trong Solution:
Cc lnh ny c dng nhp v gii quyt tnh ton cc m hnh
bi ton.
- Nhm cc lnh v thao tc la chn kiu phn tch - Analysis
Options:
Cc lnh SOLUTION dng thit lp cc la chn phn tch cho bi
ton.
ANTYPE Xc nh kiu phn tch v bt u li mt tin trnh.
SEOPT Xc nh cc la chn phn tch cu trc con.
/SOLU Nhp qu trnh x l gii.
SOLVE Bt u mt qu trnh gii.

- Nhm cc lnh v thao tc la chn gii bi ton phi tuyn -
Nonlinear Options:
Cc lnh SOLUTION s dng nh ngha cc la chn cho qu
trnh phn tch bi ton phi tuyn

MXPAND
Xc nh s lng cc kiu (mode) m rng v vit
cho bi ton phn tch dao ng ring hay bi ton phn
tch n nh.

NCNV t kha gii hn cho qu trnh phn tch bi ton.
NLGEOM Tnh n cc kt qu bin dng trong bi ton phn
tch tnh hay bi ton qu hon ton.
NROPT Xc nh phng php gii Newton-Raphson cho bi
ton phn tch tnh hay bi ton qu hon ton.

- Nhm cc lnh v thao tc la chn ng lc hc - Dynamic Options:
Cc lnh SOLUTION xc nh cc la chn cho bi ton ng lc hc.
MDAMP Xc nh t s tt dn l mt hm ca mt kiu
(mode).
MODOPT Xcnh la chn phn tch cho bi ton dao ng
ring.
MXPAND Xc nh s lng cc kiu mu (mode) t m
rng cho c bi ton v vit cho bi ton dao dng ring
hay bi ton n nh.
TIMINT Ly cc kt qu tc thi.
TINTP nh ngha cc thng s tc thi.
TRNOPT Xc nh la chn phn tch cho bi ton tc thi.

- Nhm lnh v cc thao tc hn hp - Miscellaneous Loads:
Cc lnh SOLUTION dng cho qu trnh nh ngha v iu khin hn hp
OUTPR iu khin qu trnh in ra li gii.
OUTRES iu khin qu trnh vit cc kt qu gii vo trong kho d
liu.
SBCLIST Lit k cc iu kin bin m hnh khi.

- Nhm cc lnh v bc t do chnh - Master DOF:
Cc lnh SOLUTION dng xc nh cc bc t do chnh.
M nh ngha bc t do chnh cho bi ton phn tch thu
gn (sau m rng cc kt qu bi ton bng lnh
MXPAND).
MDELE Xa nh ngha cc bc t do chnh.
MGEN To thm cc bc t do chnh MDOF cho thit lp
nh ngha trc .
MLIST Lit k cc bc t do chnh.
TOTAL Xc lp qu trnh t ng to cc bc t do chnh
MDOF.
- Nhm cc lnh vcc lin kt phn t hu hn - FE Constraints:
Cc lnh SOLUTION dng xc nh cc iu kin lin kt trn m
hnh phn t hu hn
D nh ngha cc iu kin DOF ti cc nt (bc t do ti cc
nt).
DDELE Xo cc iu kin bc t do.
DLIST Lit k cc iu kin DOF.
LDREAD c kt qu t file v p dng cho bi ton nh l d
liu nhp vo.

Cc lnh POST1: Nhng lnh ny dng cho chng trnh x l cui
cng cc kt qu t cc kt qu ca bi ton gii.

- Nhm lnh v thao tc Set Up:
Cc lnh POST1 dng nhp d liu vo trong kho d liu cho
qu trnh hu x l.
APPEND c d liu t file kt qu v gn chng vi kho d liu.
DESOL nh ngha, chnh sa cc kt qu gii ti mt nt ca
phn t.
DETAB Chnh sa bng kt qu phn t trong kho d liu.
DNSOL nh ngha hoc chnh sa kt qu gii ti mt nt.
FILE Xc nh r file d liu m t cc kt qu c tm thy.
/POST1 Nhp qu trnh hu x l kt qu.
RESET Thit lp cc lnh POST1, POST26 v gi tr mc nh ban
u.
SET nh ngha vic thit lp d liu c c t cc file kt
qu.

- Nhm cc lnh v kt qu - Results:
Cc lnh POST1 c s dng x l cc kt qu c lu tr ca
cc nt hay phn t, nh cc kt qu DOF, cc ng sut nt
PLDISP Biu din cu trc chuyn v.
PLESOL Biu din cc kt qu gii theo phn t
PLNSOL Biu din cc kt qu gii theo nt
PLVECT Biu din cc kt qu l cc vec t.
PRNSOL In cc kt qu gii nt.
PRRSOL In cc kt qu tnh theo phn lc.

Cc lnh POST26: Cc lnh s dng x l kt qu i vi nhng
bi ton c lin quan n cc bc thi gian.
- Nhm cc lnh v thao tc thit lp mi trng - Set Up
Cc lnh POST26 dng lu tr d liu cho qu trnh x l.
DATA Nhp cc bn ghi d liu t file vo bin s.
ESOL Xc nh d liu phn t c lu tr t cc file kt qu.
FILE Xc nh cc file d liu t ly cc kt qu ra.
NSOL Xc nh cc d liu thuc nt c lu tr t file kt qu.
NUMVAR Xc nh s lng bin s c php s dng trong
POST26.
/POST26 Tin hnh qu trnh hu x l bi ton theo bc thi
gian.
RFORCE Xc nh ton b cc d liu phn lc c lu tr.
SOLU Xc nh cc li gii c lu tr cho mi bc thi gian.

2.5 Mt s c php khai bo cu lnh trong ANSYS
Cc khai bo lnh trong tin x l Preprocessor (/PREP7):
1. Khai bo kiu phn t:
ET: Kiu phn t.
C php: ET, ITYPE, Ename, KOP1,...., KOP6, INOPR.
Hm: Kiu phn t, gi kiu phn t trong th vin phn t.
Tham s:
ITYPE: S th t ca kiu phn t trong m hnh hnh hc.
Ename: Tn m kiu phn t.

KOP1~KOP6: Chn cc tham s, kiu bi ton (Tu chn theo
kiu phn t).
INOPR: Mc nh =1, tt c li gii theo phn t trong xut kt
qu kiu bng s b hu.
ETDELET: Xa kiu phn t
C php: ETDELET, ITYP1, ITYP2, INC.
Hm: Lnh xo kiu phn t c nh ngha.
Tham s:
ITYP1: Xo kiu phn t nh ngha u.
ITYP2: Xo kiu phn t nh ngha cui
INC: Bc nhy t ITYP1 v ITYP2, mc nh = 1.
ETABLE: Bng phn t
C php: ETABLE, Lab, ITEM, COMP.
Hm: Lp bng d liu phn t.
Tham s:
Lab: Nhn.
ITEM, COMP: Cc i lng c k trong bng.

2. Khai bo vt liu:
R hoc REAL: Khai bo cc hng s vt liu.
C php: R, NSET, R1, R2, R3,...R6.
Hm: R hoc Real khai bo cc hng s c trng hnh hc vt
liu.
Tham s:
NSET: S hiu vt liu khai bo.

R1~R6: Cc m nhn cc hng s vt liu (Th d R1:
nhp din tch mt ct, cc tham s cn nhp khc nh cc c
trng hnh hc, m men qun tnh).
RMORE: Khai tip cc hng s vt liu
C php: RMORE, R7, R8,..., R12.
Hm: Khai bo cc hng s c trng hnh hc vt liu(tip).
Tham s:
R7~R12: Cc tham s vt liu nh s t 7 n 12.
RDELE: Xa hng s vt liu
C php: RDELE, NSET1, NSET2, NINC.
Hm: Xo cc hng s c trng hnh hc vt liu nh
ngha.
Tham s:
NSET1: Xo phn t nh ngha u tin.
NSET2: Xo phn t nh ngha sau cng.
NINC: Bc gia NSET1 v NSET2, mc nh =1.
MP: Thuc tnh vt liu
C php: MP, Lab, Mat, C0, C1, C2, , C4.
Hm: Xc nh cc hng s thuc tnh vt l v nhit ca
vt liu.
Tham s:
Lab: Cc nhn ca thuc tnh:
EX: M dun n hi theo trc X.
EY: M dun n hi theo trc Y.
EZ: M dun n hi theo trc Z.
GXY: M un trt theo mt X-Y.

GXZ: M un trt theo mt X-Z.
GYZ: M un trt theo mt Y-Z.
NUXY: H s Poisson trn mt X-Y.
NUXZ: H s Poisson trn mt X-Z.
NUYZ: H s Poisson trn mt Y-Z.
MU: H s ma st (Theo nh lut Coulomb).
Cc h s vt l khc nh h s dn n nhit, h s n hi
MAT: H s vt liu.
Khi tnh cht vt liu bin i theo thi gian, nhit c th biu
din theo a thc: H(T) = C0 + C1T + C.T
2
+ C3.T
3
+ C4.T
4
.
Cc h s C0, C1, C2, C3, C4 l cc h s ca a thc.
MPDELET: Xa thuc tnh vt liu
C php: MPDELET, Lab, MAT1, MAT2, INC.
Hm: Xo khai bo thuc tnh vt liu.
Tham s:
Lab: Cc nhn ca thuc tnh vt liu
MAT1: Nhn vt liu u.
MAT2: Nhn vt liu cui.
INC: Bc nhy gia nhn 1 v nhn 2.
3. Xy dng m hnh FEM:
N: nh ngha nt.
C php: N, NODE, X, Y, Z, THXY, THYZ, THZX.
Hm: nh ngha nt trong h ta c chn.
Tham s:
NODE: S th t nt.
X, Y, Z: Ta ca nt trong h ta c chn.

THXY: Gc quay ca trc XY.
THYZ: Gc quay ca trc YZ.
THZX: Gc quay ca trc ZX.
FILL: in nt chen gia 2 nt bit
C php: FILL, NODE1, NODE2, NFILL.
Hm: in chn cc nt gia hai c nh ngha
Tham s:
NODE1: Nt u.
NODE2: Nt cui trong an cn chia.
NFILL: Chia u khong v in nt vo khong gia.
4. Lnh xy dng m hnh hnh hc:
POINTS: im
K
C php: K, NPT, X, Y, Z.
Hm: nh ngha im hnh hc.
Tham s:
NPT: S th t im.
X, Y, Z: Ta im.
KFILL
C php: KFILL, NP1, NP2, NFILL.
Hm: in cc im gia hai im cho trc.
Tham s:
NP1: S th t ca im th nht.
NP2: S th t ca im th hai.
NFILL: S im cn chia gia NP1 v NP2.

Line: ng
L
C php: L, P1, P2.
Hm: nh ngha ng t 2 ng cho trc.
Tham s:
P1: im u.
P2: im cui.
LDIV
C php:LDIV, NL1, RATIO, PDIV, NDIV, KEEP.
Hm: Chia ng thnh nhiu an phn t.
Tham s:
NL1: S hiu ng cn chia.
RATIO: T l chiu di cn chia.
PDIV: S im chia.
NDIV: S lng an mi, mc nh =2.
KEEP = 0: ng c b xo.
= 1: ng c gi nguyn.
AREA
C php: A, P1, P2, P3, P4, ...
Hm: nh ngha din tch t cc im bit
Tham s: P1, ..., P9: Cc im c nh ngha

VOLUM
V
C php: V, P1,..., P8
Hm: nh ngha th tch t cc im bit

Tham s: P1, ..., P8: Cc im c nh ngha

VA
C php: VA, A1, ..., A10.
Hm: nh ngha din tch t cc din tch nh ngha
Tham s: A1, ..., A10: Cc din tch c nh ngha

Cc khai bo lnh trong H gii bi ton Solution (/SOLU):
1. nh kiu bi ton:
ANTYPE
C php:ANTYPE, Type, Status.
Hm: Chn kiu tnh ton.
Tham s:
Type:
Static (=0): Phn tch tnh.
Buckle (=1): Phn tch lp.
Modal (=2): Phn tch kiu MOD.
Harmic (=3): Phn tch dao ng iu ho.
Trans (=4): Phn tch chuyn i.
Substr (=7): Phn tch cu trc con.
Spectr (=8): Phn tch ph.
Status:
New: Trng thi tnh.
est: Khi ng li bi ton c.
Mc nh: ANTYP, Static, New.
2. Lin kt v gi ta
D

C php:
D,NODE,Lab,VALUE,VALUE2,NEND,NINC,Lab2,., Lab6.
Hm: nh ngha lin kt, chuyn v v gc quay ca nt -
t do DOF.
Tham s:
NODE: Tn nt.
Lab: Nhn UX, UY, UZ chuyn v.
ROTX, ROTY, ROTZ: Gc quay.
VALUE: Gi tr chuyn v hoc quay.
VALUE2: Gi tr o.
NEND: Nt kt thc t lin kt.
NINC: Bc tin nt t NODE n NEND.
Lab2,,Lab6: Cc bc chuyn v / quay b sung.
DSYM
C php:DSYM, Lab, Norm, KCN.
Hm: Xc nh lin kt trn mt i xng.
Tham s:
Lab: SYM: iu kin bin i xng.
ASYM: iu kin bin phn i xng.
Norm: X, Y, Z: Php tuyn ca mt phng i xng.
KCN: H ta xc nh mt phng i xng.
3. t ti:
F
C php: F, NODE, Lab, VALUE, VALUE2, NEND, NINC.
Hm: t lc tp trung ti cc nt.
Tham s:
NODE: Tn nt.

Lab: Nhn FX, FY, FZ: Lc.
MX, MY, MZ:Mmen.
VALUE: Gi tr lc hoc mmen.
VALUE2: Gi tr o.
NEND: Nt kt thc.
NINC: Bc tin t nt NODE n NEND.
TUNIF
C php: TUNIF, TEMP.
Hm: nh ngha nhit nt n v.
Tham s:
TEMP: Tr s nhit .
CDWRITE
C php: CDWRITE, Option, Fname, Ext, Dir.
Hm: Ghi d liu hnh hc v ti vo File m ASCII.
Tham s:
Option ALL: Tt c cc d liu.
GEOM: D liu hnh hc.
SOLVE
C php: SOLVE.
Hm: Khi ng tnh ton.

Cc khai bo lnh trong hu x l Postprocessor (/POST1, /POST26):
Hu x l c nhim v xut cc kt qu theo yu cu ngi dng vi
iu kin c th, cc d liu c th xut di dng bng, th, file d
liu
1. t bc x l:
SET

C php: SET, LSTEP, SBSTEP, FACT, KIMG, TIME,
ANGLE.
Hm: c cc d liu t file.RST cc kt qu c lu sau khi
x l SOLUTION x l trong postprocessor.
Tham s:
LSTEP: t s bc tnh ca d liu vo c.
SBSTEP: t s bc tnh con.
FACT: T l mc nh = 1.0
KIMG =0: Phn thc dng khi phn tch phc s.
=1: Phn o khi phn tch phc s.
TIME: Thi gian.
ANGLE: Gc lch pha trong bi ton dao ng iu ho.
2. V chuyn v:
PLDISP
C php: PLDISP, KUND.
Hm: Biu din chuyn v ca cc phn t c chn.
Tham s:
KUND = 0: Ch biu din hnh cc phn t chuyn v.
= 1: Biu din hnh chuyn v v cha chuyn v.
=2: Biu din nh 1 nhng c mi lin kt gia
phn chuyn v v cha chuyn v.
KSCAL = 0: Biu din c t theo t l cho hnh
khng bin dng.
= 1: Biu din c t theo t l cho hnh bin
dng.
3. Biu din kt qu bng bng:
PRRSOL

C php: PRRSOL, Lab.
Hm: Biu din kt qu tnh ton theo cc nt di dng bng.
Tham s:
LAB: FX, FY, FZ.
MX, MY, MZ.
4. Cc lnh iu khin mn hnh
- Lnh chn mn hnh v ca s:
/SHOW
C php: /SHOW, Fname, EXT, VECT, NCPL.
Hm: V th theo cc s liu tnh ton.
Tham s:
Fname: Tn file nh, nu dng mn hnh VGA ca PC cn gi
ra
EXT: Tn kiu file nh.
VECT = 0: Raster mode.
= 1: Vector mode.
NCPL: nh mu: 4 = 16 mu; 8 = 256 mu.
/WINDOW
C php: /WINDOW, WN, XMIN, XMAX, YMIN, YMAX,
/ WINDOW, WN, TOP (BOT, LEFT, RIGHT)
Hm: nh ngha ca s lm vic.
Tham s:
WN: S th t ca cc ca s (t 1~5)
XMIN, XMAX, YMIN, YMAX: To ca cc ca s.

Chng 3
ng DNG Phn mm ansys gii bi ton
tm tn s ring v dng dao ng ring ca
mt s kiu dm c bn
Chng 3 ny, ta s ng dng phn mm ANSYS gii bi ton tm
tn s ring v dng dao ng ring ca mt s kiu dm ng cht c bn.
Ni dung ch yu gii thiu mt s chng trnh tm tn s ring v dng
dao ng ring v un thun tu ca mt s kiu dm ng vi cc iu kin
bin khc nhau.

3.1 Gii thiu v phn t dm BEAM3
3.1.1 M t phn t BEAM3 (2-D Elastic Beam)
BEAM3 l phn t dm n hi 2D dng trc c kh nng chu c
sc ko, chu nn, v chu un. Phn t ny c ba bc t do ti mi nt: tnh
tin theo cc trc X, Y v quay quanh trc Z.

Hnh 3.1. M t dm BEAM3.
Trong hnh v trn, m t cc v tr nt v h to cho phn t
dm ny. Phn t BEAM3 c nh ngha bi hai nt (I, J), mt din tch
mt ct ngang (A), m men chng un (I), chiu cao dm (H), v cc thuc

tnh ca vt liu khc nh: mt khi ( ), m un n hi (E) l nhng
gi tr m ta cn khai bo trong chng trnh.
3.1.2 Khai bo phn t dm BEAM3
ANSYS quy nh cc khai bo trong phn t dm BEAM3 nh sau:
Tn phn t (Element Name):
BEAM3
Cc nt (Nodes):
I, J
Cc bc t do (Degrees of Freedom):
UX, UY, ROTZ
Cc hng s (Real Constans):
Din tch mt ct (Area), m men chng un (Iyy), chiu cao
(H).
Cc thuc tnh vt liu (Material Properties):
M un n hi (EX), mt khi (DENS).
3.2 Cc bi ton c th
3.2.1 Bi ton tm tn s ring v dng dao ng ring v un ca dm ch
nht mt u ngm
bi: Cho dm ch nht c m hnh nh sau:

Hnh 3.2. M hnh dm ch nht mt u ngm.

Trong : E = 20.10
10
N/m
2
; = 7850 kg/ m.
H = 0,06 m; B = 0,04 m; L = 2,3 m.
Yu cu: Tm tn s ring v dng dao ng ring v un ca dm.
Chng trnh ANSYS nh sau:
/UNITS,MKS ! Thit lp h n v cho c bi ton l MKS
/VERIFY,DAM CHU NHAT MOT DAU NGAM
JPGPRF,500,100,1 ! Macro thit lp vic in kt qu di dng nh JPEG
/SHOW,JPEG ! Xc nh cc thng s cho vic biu din nh JPEG
/PREP7 ! Lnh tin x l
/TITLE,DAM CHU NHAT MOT DAU NGAM ! t tiu cho bi ton
ET,1,BEAM3 ! Khai bo kiu phn t, kiu dm phng BEAM3
MP,EX,1,20E10 ! Khai bo m un n hi E = 20.10
10
N/m
2
.
MP,DENS,1,7850 ! Khai bo khi lng ring = 7850 kg/m.
R,1,0.24E-2,0.72E-6,0.06 ! Khai bo c trng hnh hc: Din tch A =
0.24E-2 m
2
, mmen chng un I= 0.72E-6 m
4
, H = 0.06m.
K,1 ! nh ngha im 1 ti 0,0,0.
K,2,2.3 ! nh ngha im 2 ti X= 2.3.
L,1,2 ! nh ngha ng thng ni hai im 1v 2.
LESIZE,ALL,,,30 ! Chia ton b ng thng thnh 30 khong.
LMESH,1 ! Chia li ng thng.
FINISH ! Kt thc tin x l.
/SOLU ! Lnh gii.
ANTYPE,MODAL ! Chn kiu phn tch cho bi ton, kiu MODAL.

MODOPT,REDUC,10,,,10 ! In ton b hnh dng cc kiu (MODE)
thu gn.
MXPAND ! M rng cho ton b cc kiu MODE cho c bi
ton.
M,3,UY,31 ! nh ngha cc bc t do chnh theo trc Y t nt
3 n nt 31.
M,2,UY ! nh ngha bc t do chnh theo trc Y ti nt 2.
OUTPR,ALL,ALL ! Thit lp in tt c cc d liu ca cc nt ra.
DK,1,ALL ! t iu kin bin hn ch tt c cc bc t do ti
nt 1 (mt u ngm).
PSOLVE,ELFORM ! To cc ma trn phn t.
PSOLVE,TRIANG ! a ra ma trn ng cho.
PSOLVE,EIGREDUC ! Tnh ton cc tr ring v vect ring s dng.
phng php gii HOUSEHOLDER.
PSOLVE,EIGEXP ! M rng qu trnh gii bi ton cc vect ring.
FINISH ! Kt thc qu trnh gii.
/POST1 ! Lnh bt u qu trnh hu x l POST1.
SET,LIST ! c cc kt qu trong file kt qu sau khi gii
x l trong /POST1 theo th t.
SET,1,1 ! c li gii ca bc tnh 1.
PLDISP,1 ! In dng dao ng ca li gii 1.
PLDISP,1 ! In dng dao ng ca bc tnh 2.

PLDISP,1 ! In dng dao ng bc tnh 5.
PRNSOL,U,COMP ! V chuyn v ca nt.
PRNSOL,ROT,COMP ! V gc xoay ca nt.
/POST26 ! Bt u qu trnh hu x l trong /POST26.
*GET,FREQ,MODE,1,FREQ ! In ra tn s ca kiu (MODE) 1.

FINISH ! Kt thc qu trnh gii bi ton.

Cc kt qu ANSYS tnh ton nh sau:
A. Cc gi tr tn s ring - f (Hertz) ca 10 MODE u tin:
*GET FREQ FROM MODE 1 ITEM=FREQ VALUE= 9.24695589
B/ Biu din mt ct ngang ca dm ch nht:

Hnh 3.3. Mt ct ngang ca dm ch nht v cc s liu v mt ct.
C. Biu din mt s dng dao ng ring ng vi cc tn s ring:

Hnh 3.4. Dng dao ng ring th 1 ng vi tn s ring ca MODE 1.

Hnh 3.5 Dng dao ng ring th 2 v 3 ng vi tn s ring ca MODE 2
v 3.

Hnh 3.6. Dng dao ng ring th 3 v 4 ng vi tn s ring ca MODE
3 v 4.

Bng kt qu cc tn s ring dao ng un ca dm ch nht mt u
ngm ANSYS gii so vi phng php gii tch Bng 1
S th t
MODE
Tn s ring dao
ng un tnh theo
ANSYS
(rad/s)
Tn s ring dao
ng un
tnh theo gii tch
(rad/s)
1 58,1003374 40,7779
2 363,8224618 367,001
3 1017,425277 1019,45
4 1990,086929 1998,12
5 3281,983524 3303,01
6 4888,623130 4934,13
7 6804,956849 6891,47
8 9025,245538 9175,03
9 11543,25555 11784,8
10 14352,48133 14720,8
3.2.2 Bi ton tm tn s ring v dng dao ng ring v un ca
dm ch nht hai u ngm

Hnh 3.7. M hnh dm ch nht hai u ngm.

Trong : E = 20.10
10
N/m
2
; = 7850 kg/ m.
H = 0,06 m; B = 0,04 m; L = 2,3 m.
Chng trnh gii bng ANSYS nh sau:
/UNITS,MKS ! Thit lp h n v cho c bi ton l MKS
/VERIFY,DAM CHU NHAT HAI DAU NGAM
/TITLE,DAM CHU NHAT HAI DAU NGAM ! t tiu cho bi ton
10
N/m
2
.
R,1,0.24E-2,0.72E-6,0.06 ! Khai bo c trng hnh hc: Din tch
A = 0.24E-2m
2
4
, H =
0.06m.
K,1 ! nh ngha im 1 ti 0,0,0.
K,2,2.3 ! nh ngha im 2 ti X= 2.3.
/SOLU ! Lnh gii.

thu gn.
MXPAND ! M rng cho ton b cc kiu MODE cho c bi
ton.
3 n nt 31.
nt 1.
nt (ngm hai u).
PSOLVE,EIGEXP ! M rng qu trnh gii cc vect ring.



Cc kt qu ANSYS gii nh sau:
A. Cc gi tr tn s ring ca 10 kiu (MODE):
*GET FREQ FROM MODE 1 ITEM=FREQ
VALUE= 58.8279555
VALUE= 162.007135
VALUE= 317.128096
VALUE= 523.169776
VALUE= 779.540977
VALUE= 1085.47460
VALUE= 1440.09327
VALUE= 1842.43532

VALUE= 2291.49165
VALUE= 2786.25215
B. Biu din mt s dng dao ng ring ng vi cc tn s ring:

Hnh 3.8. Dng dao ng ring th nht ng vi tn s ring ca MODE 1.

Hnh 3.9a. Dng dao ng ring th nht ng vi tn s ring ca MODE
2.

Hnh 3.9b. Dng dao ng ring th 3 ng vi tn s ring ca MODE 3.

Bng kt qu cc tn s ring dao ng v un ca dm ch nht hai u
ngm ANSYS gii v gii bng gii tch
S th t
MODE
Tn s ring dao
ng un tnh
theo ANSYS
(rad/s)
Tn s ring dao
ng un
tnh theo PP gii
tch (rad/s)
1 369,6269456 367,001
2 1017,920850 1019,45
3 1992,574593 1998,12
4 3287,172650 3303,01
5 4898,000413 4934,13
6 6820,238058 6891,47

7 9048,372875 9175,03
8 11576,36253 11784,8
9 14397,86667 14720,8
10 17506,53857 17983,1

3.2.3 Bi ton tm tn s ring v dng dao ng ring v un ca dm ch
nht hai u bn l

Hnh 3.11. M hnh dm ch nht hai u bn l.
Trong : E = 20.10
10
N/m
2
; = 7850 kg/ m.
H = 0,06 m; B = 0,04 m; L = 2,3 m.
/UNITS,MKS ! Thit lp h n v cho c bi ton l MKS.
/VERIFY,DAM CHU NHAT HAI DAU BAN LE
/TITLE,DAM CHU NHAT HAI DAU BAN LE ! t tiu cho bi ton

10
N/m
2
.
R,1,0.24E-2,0.72E-6,0.06 ! Khai bo c trng hnh hc: Din tch
A = 0.24E-2 m
2
4
, H =
0.06m.
K,1 ! nh ngha im 1 ti 0,0,0.
K,2,2.3 ! nh ngha im 2 ti X= 2.3.
/SOLU ! Lnh gii.
thu gn.
MXPAND ! M rng cho ton b cc kiu MODE.
3 n nt 31.
DK,1,UX, , , , ,UY ! t iu kin bin hn ch cc bc t do
theo phng UX v UY ti nt 1.
DK,2,UY ! t iu kin bin hn ch cc bc t do theo
phng UY ti nt (hai u bn l).



Cc kt qu ANSYS tnh ton nh sau:
*GET FREQ FROM MODE 1 ITEM=FREQ VALUE=
25.9527589

103.724169
233.055525
413.522054
644.542782
925.394925
1255.23344
1633.11662
2058.03894
2528.97276
B. Biu din mt s dng dao ng ring ng vi cc tn s ring:


2 v 3.


Bng kt qu cc tn s ring dao ng ca dm ch nht hai u bn l
ANSYS gii v kt qu gii tch
S th t
MODE
Tn s ring dao
ng tnh theo
ANSYS
(rad/s)
Tn s ring dao
ng un
tnh theo gii tch
(rad/s)
1 163,0659934 163,112
2 651,7181747 652,446
3 1464,331050 1468
4 2598,235694 2609,79
5 4049,781738 4077,79
6 5814,427796 5872,02
7 7886,864307 7992,47
8 10261,17435 10439,1
9 12931,04003 13212
10 15890,00449 16311,2
3.2.4 Bi ton tm tn s ring v dng dao ng ring v un ca dm hnh
trn mt u ngm
bi: Cho dm hnh trn c m hnh nh sau:

Hnh 3.15. M hnh dm trn mt u ngm.

Trong : E = 20.10
10
N/m
2
; = 7850 kg/ m.
d = 0,1 m; L = 2,3 m.
/UNITS,MKS ! Thit lp h n v cho c bi ton l MKS.
/VERIFY,DAM TIET DIEN TRON MOT DAU NGAM
/TITLE,DAM TIET DIEN TRON MOT DAU NGAM ! t tiu
10
N/m
2
.
R,1,0.78479E-2,0.48986E-5,0.1 ! Khai bo c trng hnh hc:
Din tch A=0.78479E-2 m
2
, mmen chng
un I= 0.48986E-5 m
4
, H = d = 0.1m.
K,1 ! nh ngha im 1 ti 0,0,0.
K,2,2.3 ! nh ngha im 2 ti X= 2.3.
/SOLU ! Lnh gii.

thu gn.
MXPAND ! M rng cho ton b cc kiu MODE
3 n nt 31.
nt 1 (mt u ngm).



Cc kt qu ANSYS gii nh sau:
13.3363071
83.4407138
233.023367
454.896305
748.304339
1111.21255
1541.29101
2035.92222

2592.28663
3207.45277
B/ Biu din mt ct ngang ca dm hnh trn:

Hnh 3.16. Mt ct ngang ca dm hnh trn v cc s liu v mt ct.
C. Biu din mt s dng dao ng ring ng vi cc tn s ring:

Hnh 3.17.Dng dao ng ring th nht ng vi tn s ring ca MODE 1.

2 v 3.

4 v 5.

Bng kt qu cc tn s ring dao ng ca dm trn mt u ngm
ANSYS gii v gii bng gii tch
S th t
MODE
Tn s ring dao
ng tnh theo
ANSYS
(rad/s)
Tn s ring dao
ng un
tnh theo gii
tch (rad/s)
1 83,7944888 58,497
2 524,2734670 529,647
3 1464,128996 1471,24
4 2858,197780 2883,63
5 4701,734828 4766,82
6 6981,954367 7120,81
7 9684,217028 9945,59
8 12792,07658 13241,2
9 16287,81727 17007,6
10 20153,02012 21244,7
3.2.5 Bi ton tm tn s ring v dng dao ng ring v un ca dm
ch I mt u ngm
bi: Cho dm ch I c m hnh nh sau:

Hnh 3.20. M hnh dm ch I mt u ngm.

trong : E = 20.10
10
N/m
2
; = 7850 kg/ m.
H = 0,1 m; L = 2,3 m; b = 0,055 m; t = 7,2.10
-3
m; d= 4,5. 10
-3
m.

/UNITS,MKS ! Thit lp h n v cho c bi ton l MKS:
/VERIFY,DAM TIET DIEN CHU I MOT DAU NGAM
/TITLE,DAM TIET DIEN CHU I MOT DAU NGAM ! t tiu .
10
N/m
2
.
R,1,0.11772E-2,0.19438E-5,0.1 ! Khai bo c trng hnh hc:
Din tch A=0.11772E-2 m
2
, mmen chng
un I= 0.19438E-5 m
4
, H = 0.1m.
K,1 ! nh ngha im 1 ti 0,0,0.
K,2,2.3 ! nh ngha im 2 ti X= 2.3.
/SOLU ! Lnh gii.

thu gn.
MXPAND ! M rng cho ton b cc kiu MODE.
3 n nt 31.
nt 1 (mt u ngm).


Cc kt qu ANSYS tnh nh sau:
21.6810954
135.288734
376.214201
729.975504
1191.65666
1753.61141
2407.43232
3144.27746
3955.28172

4831.90473

B. Biu din mt ct ngang ca dm ch I:

Hnh 3.21. Mt ct ngang ca dm ch I v cc s liu v mt ct.
C/ Biu din mt s dng dao ng ring ng vi cc tn s ring:

Hnh 3.22. Dng dao ng ring th nht ng vi tn s ring ca MODE1.

2 v 3.

4 v 5.

Bng kt qu cc tn s ring dao ng ca dm ch I mt u ngm
ANSYS gii v gii bng gii tch
S th t
MODE
Tn s ring dao
ng tnh theo
ANSYS
(rad/s)
Tn s ring dao
ng un
tnh theo gii tch
(rad/s)
1 136,2263401 95,6327
2 850,0441887 860,694
3 2363,823540 2390,82
4 4586,571361 4686
5 7847,399617 7746,25
6 11018,26545 11571,6
7 15126,34338 16161,9
8 19756,07794 21517,3
9 24851,76799 27637,8
10 30359,75281 34523,4
TI LIU THAM KHO
ANSYS Basic Analysis Guide
ANSYS Advanced Analysis Techniques Guide
ANSYS Operations Guide
ANSYS Modeling and Meshing Guide
ANSYS Structural Analysis Guide
ANSYS Thermal Analysis Guide
ANSYS Electromagnetic Field Analysis Guide
ANSYS CFD Flotran Analysis Guide
ANSYS Coupled-Field Analysis Guide
ANSYS Elements Reference
ANSYS Commands Reference
ANSYS Theory Reference

Huong Dan ANSYS

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