Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1 1
3-3 2-2
1-1
45
0
2 2
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d
L
L
60
0
60
0
6000
12000
9000
6000
12000
12000
6000
12000
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0
L
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MT 5 HlNH 0RNU LUR MRl
THNU UlU TlLH LUL
i 1/12
150
150
410
400 400
1000
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i 1/12
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1300 1000 1000
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Z. 680 I80 008 N8I
Cua mai nha cng nghip gm :
a- Khung chju luc :
Kt cu chiu luc cua cua mai thng thuong la
khung BTCT hay thep . Loai khung b tng ct thep ch dung
cho nha khung bng btng ct thep ; con khung thep dung
c cho nha co khung chu lc bng thep hoc BTCT
Khung cua mai duoc cu tao tu khung ngang va h
giang .
Khung ngang duoc tao thanh boi cac thanh chng
dung , xa ngang va cac thanh xin .
b- B phn bao che va cac kt cu phu :
B phn bao che cua cua mai thuong bao gm :
- Mai cua cua mai thuong co cu tao dng b voi
mai nha. B chn cua mai phai lam cao ln d chng mua hat
- Canh cua cua cua mai chiu sang hoac hn hop
thuong duoc lam thanh bang , co tm tole chan khe ho giua
cac canh d chng mua hat , co truc xoay nam ngang o phia
trn , o giua ( dong mo bang m to din ) hoac c dinh.
Chiu cao canh cua co th ly bang 1250 ; 1500 ;
1750mm hoac 1200 ; 1500 ; 1800mm .
Chiu dai 6 hoac 12m , theo buoc khung .
- Cac kt cu phu cua cua mai bao gm tm chan
cho cua mai thng gio, h thng dong, mo cua va thit bi lau
chui, sua chua cua mai .
144
)QQ
Trong nha cng nghip tuong duoc phn loai :
Theo giai phap kt cu : tuong chiu luc, tuong tu
mang, tuong treo .
Theo vt liu : tuong gach xy , tuong khi xy,
tuong panen btng ct thep, tuong tm nhe .
Theo kha nang cach nhit : tuong khng cach nhit
va tuong cach nhit .
Theo vi tri dat tuong : tuong ngoai, tuong doc , tuong
ngang, tuong hi .
l. TUUNU URLH VR KHl XRT NHU
Tng chu lc co chiu day tu 220mm tro ln ,
bang gach dac, phu thuc vao cac loai tai trong, chiu cao,
chiu dai tuong .Tuong chiu luc duoc xy ln mong gach da
hoac b tng ct thep .
Tng t mang co chiu day 110, 220mm bang
gach dac hoac rng , duoc xy ln mong bang gach , dm
momg btng ct thep va dm giang tang cuong .
Tng treo co chiu day tu 110 dn 220mm, tt
nht bang gach rng , duoc xy trn dm mong, dm giang
btng ct thep hoac thep .
Khi xy dung loai tuong nay cho nha khung cn chu y
neo tuong vao ct bang cac thep neo .
145
GHI CHU :
a. Tuong tu mang xy trn dm mong
b. Tuong gach treo
c. Chi tit neo tuong gach .
1. Ct btng ct thep 2. Dm mai 3. Panel mai
4. Dm mong 5.m k dm 6. Tuong gach
7. Lanh t va vang 8. Mai dua 9. Ct thep
10.Xa ngang 11.Tuong treo 12.Cua s 13. Neo
ll. TUUNU TRM BE TNU LT THEP LU 5UUN
Chia lam 2 loai :
1. 000 k000 0800 00I0I
Su dung cho cac phn xuong ngui, cac phn
xuong co qua trlnh san xut sinh nhiu nhit d thua , cho cac
xi nghip xy dung o vung co khi hu nong .
Tuong thuong la tuong tu mang hay tuong treo, ch
tao bang btng ct thep thuong hoac ung luc truoc .
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2
4
1
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6
6
5
a.
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12
9
6000
10
b.
1
1
13
13
9
9
13
6
c.
146
Kich thuoc danh ngha cua panel tuong la :
* Rng 1,2 ; 1,5 ; 1,8m * Dai 6 hoac 12m .
Z. 000 800I 0800 00I0I
Tuong panel cach nhit co cu tao tu mt lop hoac
nhiu lop , co kich thuoc tuong tu panel thuong .
6000
1200
1800
280300
1500,3000,6000 160 240
200 300
900 1500
12001800
6000
1200
1800
120200
6000 100120
1200
1800
3000 6000
12001500
1800
70100
6000 12000
300
1200
1800
147
Lin kt panel tuong vao ct
lll. TUUNU BRNU TRM NHE
Tuong bang tm nhe (tn, Iibro ximang ..) duoc su
dung cho cac nha xuong khng yu cu cach nhit, cho
xuong cn thoat nhit , cho cac xuong co nguy co n , cac
tuong d thao lap ,v.v.
12000
1200
2400
300
12000
1200
1800
250300
1
5
3
4
2
1
5
3
4
2
500
7
6
1. Ct
2. Tm tuong co suon
3. Thep L d han vao ct
dung lin kt voi tm tuong
4. Thep lin kt tm tuong
5. Cht lin kt
1. Ct o vi tri du hi
2. Tm tuong co suon
3. Thep L o ct
4. Thep lin kt tm tuong
5. ng thep giu c dinh k/cach
6. Tm goc
7. Thanh thep lk 2 tm du hi
va tuong doc
148
a . Lin kt tuong voi mai b. Lin kt chn tuong
, Q , , Q{ , , QQ
v, jQ )QQ Q{Q (), J
l. LUR 5
1. F080 I08I 0000
Cua s nha cng nghip chia thanh cac loai sau :
* Theo chuc nang co :
Cua chiu sang duoc lam bang kinh c dinh .
Cua thng gio duoc lam bang chop g, kim loai,
nhua ,v.v.c dinh .
Cua hn hop duoc lam bang cua kinh xoay
theo truc dung, ngang, chop kinh xoay, hoac
mt phn kinh c dinh , mt phn chop thoang,
cua kinh lua .
* Theo hlnh thuc co :
Cua s loai gian doan thuong su dung cho nha
co kt cu tuong chiu luc, cho cac xuong co
yu cu chiu sang khng nhiu .
Khi xuong cn nhiu anh sang, co th dung
cua bang ngang mt hoac nhiu lop .
65
65
45
150
6
6
6. Khi k
Xa g mai
Tm mai
Tm goc
Xa g
tuong
2
2.Vit
1
1.Tm tole tuong
a
b
149
Cua s bang dung cho anh sang tt, nhung
khng dng du .
Cua s mang lon rt phu hop voi cac
nha cng nghip kiu Pavillon
Theo kinh nghim, trong diu kin khi hu Vit Nam
nn dung loai cua kinh lt truc ngang o giua hoac o trn d co
th chiu sang, thng gio tu nhin tt, dng thoi chng duoc
mua hat .
Loai cua, hlnh dang, kich thuoc va vi tri b tri cua s
xac dinh trn co so yu cu chiu sang cua san xut, thng
gio tin nghi trong xuong, dac dim san xut va giai phap t
hop kin truc mat dung cng trlnh .
Z. 680 I80 0000
Tuong tu nhu trong nha dn dung , cu tao chung
cua cua s nha cng nghip gm co : khun cua , canh cua va
trong mt s truong hop con co thm h thng dong , mo cua
Theo vt liu co : cua khung bang g, khung bang
thep va khung bang b tng ct thep
Cua ly theo mdun : chiu rng 500 mm
chiu cao 600 mm
ll. LUR l
Cua di b tri trn cac lung vn chuyn, lung hang,
kich thuoc cua phu thuc phuong tin vn chuyn, theo vi tri
dong mo ta co :
Cua mo theo truc dung
Cua cun
Cua dy
150
lll. LRL LURl TRM LHE
Trong 1 cng trlnh kin truc, vn d che mua, che
nang rt quan trong , nht la trong diu kin khi hu nuoc ta
mua nhiu nang gay gat. Ngoai vn d che mua, che nang
tm che con co tac dung tang ve thm my kin truc cng
trlnh
1. 8N 000 080
Thuong dat trn tuong, trn cac cua s va thuong
goi la vang
Z. 8N 000 000
Loai tm che nay chu yu che nang. Khi thit k
phai nghin cuu huong mat troi d nang khng lot vao nha.
200
600
NNG
151
J. 8N 000 00I00
tang hiu qua thng gio tu nhin cho nha cng
nghip trn tuong thuong lam nhung l thng gio khng cn
cua nhung cn phai che mua nang .
: cang nho che mua cang tt nhung
hiu qua chiu sang kem
: cang lon thng gio cang tt nhung
thm my kem ( 45
o
)
152
CHUONG 5
5RN , NEN VR KET LRU PHU
J Q v, Q Q v
Kt cu nn , san nha cng nghip co anh huong rt
lon dn cht luong cng trlnh, nang sut lao dng va cht
luong san phm, do vy khi thit nn nha cng nghip phai
tun theo cac tiu chun qui pham nht dinh . Nn cua xuong
phai thoa man yu cu san xut , cac loai tac dng , yu cu
cht luong cng trlnh d ra.
l. NHUNU TEU LRU LHUNU LHU THlET KE NEN ,
5RN LNU NUHlEP
1. 1L0 60 k1 h0
* Bao dam du cuong d d chiu duoc tac dung
cua tai trong .
* It bi mai mon khi nguoi va phuong tin
vn chuyn di lai .
* bn phai tuong ung voi d bn cng trlnh .
* Khng dn din .
Z. 1L0 60 60k6 k6hL
* Co kha nang chiu duoc tac dung cua vt li,
hoa hoc .
* Nn co tinh cht dan hi d khi vn chuyn,
di lai it gy ting n .
* i lai va vn chuyn thun loi it bi can tro .
153
J. 1L0 60 L 8Ikh
* Mat nn khng duoc sinh khi ,bui va mui .
` Mat nn khng sinh ra cac cht co anh huong
dn suc khoe cua cng nhn nhu khi m, hoi
nuoc.
4. 1L0 60 80 00k6
` D sua chua va khi sua chua khng anh huong
dn san xut .
* D quet don, khng tron truot, v sinh, mau sac
my quan .
* Khng bi pha hoai, bin dang khi co vt roi
va cham, khng chay va chiu lua tt .
* Hop ly kinh t
llj LRU TRU LHUNU LUR 5RN NEN
NHR LNU NUHlEP.
Nn san nha cng nghip thuong gm cac lop sau :
1 L0 N8I 000
La lop truc tip chiu tac dung co hoc, vt li, hoa
hoc . Mat nn tt, xu co anh huong truc tip dn d bn cua
ca nn, anh huong dn san xut.Lop phu mat chia lam ba loai
chinh : lop ao lin tuc ( dt dm chat, cac loai b tng ..); lop
ao bang vt liu roi ( cac loai gach lat, tm b tng , kim loai,
g...); lop ao bang vt liu cun (cac loai tm nhua tng hop )
Z L0 00N
Lop dm giu chuc nang truyn luc xung nn
dt. Chung thuong duoc lam bang cac vt liu nhu cat, xi, da
dam, soi, btng, b tng gach vo hoac da dam . Trong nha
nhiu tng do chinh la panen hay ban san .
154
Chiu day lop dm duoc xac dinh theo tinh toan .
Theo kinh nghim thuc t, chiu day ti thiu cua lop dm co
th ly bang 60mm dn 100mm phu thuc vao vt liu lam
lop dm .
J L0 If00 I80
Lop trung gian co hai chuc nang : lam phang mat
lop dm va lin kt cac khi khac nhau thanh mt khi .
Chung co th la vua xi mang cat , vua bitum cat , thuy tinh
long ...
4 680 I0 0800 00I0I , 0800 8N , 0800 0000
Trong nha cng nghip nhiu tng nu do yu cu
cua san xut co th cu tao thm cac lop cach nhit, cach m,
su dung btng nhe, btng xi than .Lop cach nuoc co tac
dung ngan khng cho cac dich th trn mat nn thm xung
duoi va khng cho hoi nuoc tu duoi dt thm ln mat nn .
L0 000
La lop do tt ca cac lop trn , o nn nhado la nn
dt tu nhin , o nha nhiu tng do la san chiu luc .
, ),Q , jQ,{ , , QQ Q{}
l. NEN LU LUP RU LlEN TUL
1. k00 08I
Z. k00 08 00I
uoc lam tu hn hop soi, cat, dt set, hn hop da
dam to, nho co hoac khng rai nhua duong, vua xi mang cat
J. k00 080 00 I00 xI N80, 00 I00 0008 0000
4. k00 080 08 N8I
. k00 080 t08 t8 00 I00 00|0 80lI
155
llj NEN BRNU VRT LlEU RUl
Co th la cac loai tm lat nhu : tm btng, gach la
nem, ban kim loai, gach hoa, van...
arh hoa XM Z00xZ00xZ0
Vua XM IoI M.60 day Z0
8kh 8T6T M.Z00 day 100
arh hoa XM Z00xZ00xZ0
Vua XM IoI M.60 day Z0
Iop 8T 4a 4x6 M.76 day 100
Iop phong m
Iop 8T nhua
hn 4I IhIn nhIn
8an van day 80
m g 40 x 60
8kh 8T6T
Iop vua XM 4anh mau
Iop 8T 4a 4x6 M.76 day 100
Iop 4I 4p IuoI nuor 4m ky
hn 4I IhIn nhIn
hh 8h kT hh
hh kT hhk h hh XM h6 8T
hh 8T hhk h hh khIT hh 8T 6hI k6T
156
Mat nn co th lat bang cac loai vt liu roi ( da hc, gach,
gm.....)
lllj LRU TRU LHl TlET LHU TEU LUR NEN 5RN
1 k00 0I00 080
Trong nhung truong hop sau cn cu tao khe bin
dang trong mat nn :
a/ Nhit d nn dt 0
o
trong thoi gian dai .
b/ Lop chiu luc cua nn o dang toan khi .
c/ Nn trong cung mt nha lam bang nhiu loai
vt liu khac nhau
Khoang cach theo hai chiu giua cac khe bin
dang cua nn tu 20 30m .
Tm IoIe VI IIu xp
1
2
3
4
2
3
1
arh hor gm
Vua XM IIn kI
1
2
4
1
Z
a hr
Iop 4I 4p
Iop 8Ing garh vo
2
3
8
4
157
Z LI00 k0I 000 ,0080 I000 t8 00I
J 680 I80 0000 f8 If00 N8I 000
Khi trong nn co phuong tin vn chuyn trn ray,
duong ray trong nn duoc cu tao nhu sau :
a/ cao dinh ray d cao mat nn.
( Nu trong pham vi dat ray co kim loai o trang thai
long, mat ray phai nh han ln khoi nn d kim loai khng
lp kin duong ray ).
b/ Phn nn nam giua 2 thanh ray nn
cung loai vt liu.
c/ Mat nn la ban lat phai co dm cat
hoac da vun .
d/ Ray qua khe bin dang phai cu tao
khe bin dang .
e/ Doc mep duong ray phai chua ranh d
banh xe chay.
uong ray 8an kIm IoaI
Thanh g rhen
Ta veI g
p g
Gach hoa 60 - 150
158
1HI1 B] J^ CHUY^ 1RO^G ^HA C^G ^GHIP
Tuy theo yu cu cua qui trlnh san xut, bt ky trong xuong san xut
lon hoac nho, thng thuong du dung thit bi vn chuyn nng cao d dua vt
gia cng tu may nay sang may khac, dng thoi d lap dat, thao go, sua chua
may ...
1. Cn truc 1 ray (palng)
Cu tao gm mto, banh xe va toi moc nng cu hang, palang duoc
gan vao thanh thep I va gan vao kt cu do mai .
Palang co th diu khin bang din hoac bang tay, suc nng 0,125
10T vn chuyn dn nhiu noi
Uu dim: linh hoat, don gian , cn thit co th un cong thanh thep I
d vn chuyn dn vi tri khac nhau trong xuong.
Nhuoc dim : vn chuyn theo mt duong nht dinh, suc nng nho .
2. Cn truc treo
Con goi la cn truc kiu dm
Cu tao gm moteur, banh xe va b phn moc cu hang, moteur
chay trn mt thanh thep I. O hai du thanh thep I co banh xe d chay trn 2
thanh ray mac vao mep duoi cua kt cu do mai
Uu dim : Vn chuyn duoc khap xuong Co suc truc lon 10 T
1000
Vung hoat dng cua Palang
b
L L
159
Dm thep I d b phn moteur hoat dng .
Dm thep I lam ch tua cho dm thep 1 chay doc xuong
3. Cn truc kiu cu
Trong nha cng nghip 1 tng cn truc kiu cu la phuong tin vn
chuyn tt hon ca Suc truc cua no dn 600 T va nhip dn 50m
Cu tao : gm co xe con trong do co moteur, banh xe moc nng cu
hang, chay trn dm thep (nu suc truc nho) hoac trn 2 dan thep (suc truc lon).
u 2 dan thep co banh xe chay trn 2 duong ray dat trn dm cu truc.
1
2
100
2
2
5
6
3
4
3
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
B phn diu khin
B phn banh xe 2 dan thep
uong ray & dm cu truc Moc cu hang B phn xe con
L
2
1
1
2
2
1
2000 1250 l
l
l 1250
160
Mt s dang cn truc kiu cu co cu tao dac bit phuc vu cho cng
nghip luyn thep.
4. Cn truc kiu congson
Phuc vu vn chuyn cuc b trong pham vi hep, no thuong duoc
lin kt vao tuong, ct . Suc truc dat 1 T, pham vi hoat dng 180
0
.
5. Quan h giua nhjp nha va nhjp cn truc :
- L
k
: Nhip cu truc const .
- e : Khoang cach tu truc dinh vi dn truc duong ray.
3,2 ; 5m
2 ; 3,2m
3,2 ; 4,5 ; 6,3m
3,2 ; 4m
Q 30 T
e L
k
e
L
L L
k
2e
161
162