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H thng cnh bo v iu khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS

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Phn 1
TNG QUAN V CC LINH KIN DNG TRONG TI
I. Gii thiu v GSM Module SIM900
1. Khi qut v tin nhn SMS:
SMS l t vit tt ca Short Message Service. l mt cng ngh cho php
gi v nhn cc tn nhn gia cc in thoi vi nhau. SMS xut hin u tin
Chu u vo nm 1992. thi im , n bao gm c cc chun v GSM (Global
System for Mobile Communications). Mt thi gian sau , n pht trin sang
cng ngh wireless nh CDMA v TDMA. Cc chun GSM v SMS c ngun gc
pht trin bi ETSI. ETSI l ch vit tt ca European Telecommunications
Standards Institute. Ngy nay th 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) ang
gi vai tr kim sot v s pht trin v duy tr cc chun GSM v SMS.
Nh ni trn v tn y ca SMS l Short Message Service, t cm
t , c th thy c l d liu c th c lu gi bi mt tin nhn SMS l rt
gii hn. Mt tin nhn SMS c th cha ti a l 140 byte (1120 bit) d liu. V
vy, mt tin nhn SMS ch c th cha :
+ 160 k t nu nh m ha k t 7 bit c s dng (m ha k t 7 bit th
ph hp vi m ha cc l t latin chng hn nh cc l t alphabet ca ting Anh).
+ 70 k t nu nh m ha k t 16 bit Unicode UCS2 c s dng (cc
tin nhn SMS khng cha cc k t latin nh k t ch Trung Quc phi s dng m
ha k t 16 bit).
Tin nhn SMS dng text h tr nhiu ngn ng khc nhau. N c th hot
ng tt vi nhiu ngn ng m c h tr m Unicode , bao gm c Arabic, Trung
Quc, Nht bn v Hn Quc.Bn cnh gi tin nhn dng text th tin nhn SMS cn
c th mang cc d liu dng binary. N cn cho php gi nhc chung, hnh nh
cng nhiu tin ch khc ti mt in thoi khc.
H thng cnh bo v iu khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS

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Mt trong nhng u im ni tri ca SMS l n c h tr bi cc in
thoi c s dng GSM hon ton. Hu ht tt c cc tin ch cng thm gm c dch
v gi tin nhn gi r c cung cp, s dng thng qua sng mang wireless.
Khng ging nh SMS, cc cng ngh mobile nh WAP v mobile Java th khng
c h tr trn nhiu model in thoi.
S dng tin nhn SMS ngy cng pht trin v tr ln rng khp :
- Cc tin nhn SMS c th c gi v c ti bt k thi im no.
Ngy nay, hu ht mi ngi u c in thoi di ng ca ring mnh v
mang n theo ngi hu nh c ngy. Vi mt in thoi di ng , bn c th gi
v c cc tin nhn SMS bt c lc no bn mun, s khng gp kh khn g khi
bn ang trong vn phng hay trn xe bus hay nh
- Tin nhn SMS c th c gi ti cc in thoi m tt ngun.
Nu nh khng chc cho mt cuc gi no th bn c th gi mt tin nhn
SMS n bn ca bn thm ch khi ngi tt ngun my in thoi trong lc bn
gi tin nhn . H thng SMS ca mng in thoi s lu tr tin nhn ri sau
gi n ti ngi bn khi in thoi ca ngi bn ny m ngun.
- Cc tin nhn SMS t gy phin phc trong khi bn vn c th gi lin
lc vi ngi khc
Vic c v vit cc tin nhn SMS khng gy ra n o. Trong khi , bn
phi chy ra ngoi khi rp ht, th vin hay mt ni no thc hin mt cuc
in thoi hay tr li mt cuc gi. Bn khng cn phi lm nh vy nu nh tin
nhn SMS c s dng.
- Cc in thoi di ng v chng c th c thay i gia cc sng
mang Wireless khc nhau.
Tin nhn SMS l mt cng ngh rt thnh cng v trng thnh. Tt c cc
in thoi mobile ngy nay u c h tr n. Bn khng ch c th trao i cc tin
nhn SMS i vi ngi s dng mobile cng mt nh cung cp dch v mng
sng mang wireless, m ng thi bn cng c th trao i n vi ngi s dng
khc cc nh cung cp dch v khc.
H thng cnh bo v iu khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS

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- SMS l mt cng ngh ph hp vi cc ng dng Wireless s dng
cng vi n.
Ni nh vy l do:
Th nht, tin nhn SMS c h tr 100% bi cc in thoi c s dng
cng ngh GSM. Xy dng cc ng dng wireless trn nn cng ngh SMS c th
pht huy ti a nhng ng dng c th dnh cho ngi s dng.
Th hai, cc tin nhn SMS cn tng thch vi vic mang cc d liu
binary bn cnh gi cc text. N c th c s dng gi nhc chung, hnh nh,
hot ha
Th ba, tin nhn SMS h tr vic chi tr cc dch v trc tuyn.
2. Gii thiu GSM Module SIM900
SIM900 l 1 Module GSM/GPRS 4 bng tn lm vic cc tn s: GSM
850MHz, EGSM 900MHZ, DCS 1800MHz v PCS 1900MHz. SIM900 c y
cc tnh nng c bn ca 1 in thoi di ng GSM nh gi v nhn cuc gi, nhn
v nhn tin SMS, gi v nhn d liu bng kt ni GPRS thng qua tp lnh AT
Cc thng s c bn:
Ngun cung cp: 3,2 ~ 4,8V
Bng tn: EGSM 900Mhz, DCS 1800 Mhz v PCS 1900Mhz, SIM900 c
th t ng tm kim cc bng tn
Ph hp vi GSM Phase 2/2+
Cng sut pht:
Class 4 (2W) vi GSM 850 v EGSM 900
Class 1 (1W) vi DCS 1800 v PCS 1900
Kt ni GPRS:
GPRS c nhiu rnh loi 8 ( la chn )
GPRS c nhiu rnh loi 10 ( mc nh )
Gii hn nhit :
Bnh thng -30C ti +70C
H thng cnh bo v iu khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS

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Hn ch : - 40C ti -30C v +80C ti +85C
Nhit bo qun: -45C ti 90C
D liu GPRS:
GPRS d liu download: Max 85.6 kbps
GPRS d liu upload: Max 42.8 kbps
S m ha: CS-1, CS-2, CS-3 v CS-4
Sim 300CZ tch hp giao thc TCP/IP
CSD: Tc truyn dn CSD: 2; 4; 8; 9; 6; 14 KPPS
H tr USSD.
SMS:
MT, MO, CB, Text and PDU mode
B nh SMS: Sim card
FAX: Nhm 3 loi 1.
Giao tip SIM card: H tr sim card: 1,8v ; 3v
Anten ngoi: c tip im kt ni vi antena ngoi.
m thanh:
Loi b ting di.
Kh nhiu.
Serial port:
Tc baud: 1200bps n 115200bps.
S dng cho tp lnh AT v d liu.
H tr Autobauding cho tc baud t 1200bps n 57600.
Debug port:
Giao tip qua chn DBG_TXD v DBG_RXD.
Dng cho vic chnh sa v nng cp firmware.
Qun l danh sch: H tr cc mu danh sch: SM, FD, LD, RC,ON, MC
ng h thi gian thc.
c tnh vt l (c im):
H thng cnh bo v iu khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS

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Kch tht 24x24x3mm
Nng 3.4 g
Hnh 1.1: Kch thc ca SIM900

H thng cnh bo v iu khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS

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Hnh 1.2: Hnh chp mt trn v mt di SIM900
3. S chn v chc nng tng chn ca SIM900

Hnh 1.3: S chn SIM900
Chn 1,2 : iu khin tt/m module.
Chn 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10: chn giao tip cng COM.
H thng cnh bo v iu khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS

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- DTR : Data Terminal ready ( DTE sn sng lm vic).
- RI : Ring Indicator (bo chung).
- DCD : Data Carier detect (DCE pht hin sng mang).
- DSR : Data Set Ready (DCE sn sng lm vic).
- CTS : Clear To Send (DCE sn sng nhn d liu).
- RTS : Request To Send (DTE yu cu truyn d liu).
- TXD : Transmitted Data (d liu truyn).
- RXD : Received Data (d liu nhn).
Chn 11, 12, 13, 14: chn giao tip mn hnh LCD. Chc nng giao tip
LCD khng h tr trong firmware tiu chun, s dng, ngi dng phi sa i
firmware.
Chn 15 (VDD_EXT): ngun 2.8V cung cp cho mch ngoi.
Chn 16 (NRESET): reset module (tch cc mc thp).
Chn 17, 18, 29, 39, 45, 46, 53, 54, 58, 59, 62, 63, 64, 65 (GND): chn mas.
Chn 19, 20 (MIC_P, MIC_N): ng vo micro.
Chn 21, 22 (SPK_P, SPK_N): ng ra loa.
Chn 23, 24 (LINEIN_R, LINEIN_L): ng vo m thanh.
Chn 25 (ADC): ng vo b chuyn i Analog-Digital (0 ~ 2.8V).
Chn 26 (VRTC): ngun cung cp cho RTC.
Chn 27, 28 (DBG_TXD, DBG_RXD): dng tu chnh v nng cp
firmware.
Chn 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 (SIM_VDD, SIM_DATA, SIM_CLK, SIM_RESET,
SIM_PRESENCE): cc chn giao tip vi SIM card.
- SIM_VDD: chn cp ngun cho SIM.
- SIM_DATA: ng vo, ra d liu.
- SIM_CLK: cp xung clock cho SIM.
- SIM_RESET: reset SIM.
- SIM_PRESENCE: chn gip pht hin th SIM.
H thng cnh bo v iu khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS

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Chn 35, 36 (PWM1, PWM2): ng ra iu ch xung dng cho n bn phm
v b rung.
Chn 37, 38 (SDA, SCL): chn dng cho giao tip IC.
Chn 40-44, 47-51, 67, 68: cc ng vo ra v kt ni vi Keypad.
Chn 52 (NETLIGH): ng ra n hin th trng thi mng.
Chn 55, 56, 57 (VBAT): ng vo ngun cung cp cho Module.
Chn 60 (RF_ANT): kt ni vi antena ngoi.
Chn 66 (STATUS): ng ra n hin th trng thi hot ng ca Module.
4. Tp lnh AT ca Module SIM900:
Module SIM900 giao tip vi vi iu khin hoc my tnh thng qua giao
tip RS232 v c iu khin thng qua b tp lnh AT vit tt ca t Attention
do Dennis Hayes pht minh ra vo nm 1977. Trong tp lnh AT, mi cu lnh
c bt u vi ch AT hoc at.
Cc thut ng:
- <CR> : Carriage return (0x0D).
- <LF> : Line Feed (0x0A).
- MT (Mobile Terminal): Thit b u cui mng (trong trng hp
ny l Module SIM900).
- TE (Terminal Equipment) Thit b u cui (my tinh, vi iu
khin).
4.1. Cc lnh khi to GSM Module SI M900
Cc lnh khi to ch cn c thc thi 1 ln, sau lu li v tr thnh cu
hnh mc nh ca modem. Cu hnh mc nh ny khng thay i, k c khi mt
ngun. Phn khi to ny khng lin quan n qu trnh hot dng sau ny ca
modem. Do c th khi to ring trc khi a vo vn hnh trong h thng.
ATZ<CR> : Reset modem, kim tra module hot ng bnh
thng cha. Chui c tr v c dng
ATZ<CR><CR><LF>OK<CR><LF>.
H thng cnh bo v iu khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS

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ATE0<CR> : Tt ch echo lnh. Chui tr v c dng
ATE0<CR><CR><LF>OK<CR><LF>.
AT+CLIP=1<CR> : nh dng chui tr v khi nhn cuc gi.
Thng thng, ch mc nh, khi c cuc gi n, chui tr
v s c dng: <CR><LF>RING<CR><LF>
Sau khi lnh AT+CLIP=1<CR> c thc thi, chui tr v s
c dng: <CR><LF>RING<CR><LF>
<CR><LF>+CLIP: "0929047589",129,"",,"",0<CR><LF>
Chui tr v c cha thng tin v s in thoi gi n. Thng tin
ny cho php xc nh vic c nn nhn cuc gi hay t chi cuc gi.
AT&W<CR> : Lu cu hnh ci t c thit lp bi cc lnh
ATE0 v AT+CLIP vo b nh.
AT+CMGF=1<CR> : Thit lp qu trnh truyn nhn tin nhn
c thc hin ch text (mc nh l ch PDU). Chui tr v s c
dng: <CR><LF>OK<CR><LF>
AT+CNMI=2,0,0,0,0<CR> : Thit lp ch thng bo cho
TE khi MT nhn c tin nhn mi. Chui tr v s c dng:
<CR><LF>OK<CR><LF>
Sau khi lnh trn c thit lp, tin nhn mi nhn c s c
lu trong SIM, v MT khng truyn tr v TE bt c thng bo no. TE s
c tin nhn c lu trong SIM trong trng hp cn thit.
AT+CSAS<CR> : Lu cu hnh ci t c thit lp bi cc
lnh AT+CMGF v AT+CNMI.
4.2. Cc lnh thc hin cuc gi
ATDxxxxxxxxxx;<CR> : Quay s cn gi. Chui tr v c
dng:
<CR><LF>OK<CR><LF>
H thng cnh bo v iu khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS

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Chui ny thng bo lnh trn c nhn v ang c thc thi.
Sau l nhng chui thng bo kt qu qu trnh kt ni (nu nh kt ni
khng c thc hin thnh cng).
Nu MT khng thc hin c kt ni do sng yu, hoc khng c
sng (th bng cch tho antenna ca modem GSM), chui tr v s c dng:
<CR><LF>NO DIAL TONE<CR><LF>
Nu cuc gi b t chi bi ngi nhn cuc gi, hoc s my
ang gi tm thi khng hot ng (chng hn nh b tt my) chui tr v
c dng: <CR><LF>NO CARRIER<CR><LF>
Nu cuc gi khng th thit lp c do my nhn cuc gi ang
bn (v d nh ang thng thoi vi mt thu bao khc), chui tr v s c
dng:
<CR><LF>BUSY<CR><LF>
Tng thi gian t lc modem nhn lnh cho n lc nhn c
chui trn thng thng l 4 giy.
Nu sau 1 pht m thu bao nhn cuc gi khng bt my, chui
tr v s c dng:
<CR><LF>NO ANSWER<CR><LF> (60s)
Trong trng hp qu trnh thit lp cuc gi din ra bnh thng,
khng c chui thng bo no c tr v, v chuyn sang giai on thng
thoi.
Qu trnh kt thc cuc gi c din ra trong hai trng hp:
u nhn cuc gi gc my trc: chui tr v s c dng:
<CR><LF>NO CARRIER<CR><LF>
u thit lp cuc gi gc my trc: phi tin hnh gi lnh
ATH, v chui tr v s c dng:
<CR><LF>OK<CR><LF>
Sau khi c khi to bng lnh AT+CLIP=1, khi c cuc gi
n, chui tr v s c dng:
H thng cnh bo v iu khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS

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<CR><LF>RING<CR><LF>
<CR><LF>+CLIP:
"0929047589",129,"",,"",0<CR><LF>
Chui tr v c hin th s in thoi yu cu c kt ni, da
trn thng tin ny c th ra quyt nh nhn cuc gi hay t chi cuc gi.
Nu s in thoi gi n khng hp l, t chi nhn cuc gi
bng lnh ATH<CR>, v chui tr v s c dng:
<CR><LF>OK<CR><LF>
Nu s in thoi gi n l hp l, nhn cuc gi bng cch gi
lnh ATA<CR>, v chui tr v s c dng:
<CR><LF>OK<CR><LF>
Kt thc cuc gi, ch ng gc my bng cch gi lnh
ATH<CR>.
4.3. Cc lnh v tin nhn SMS
a) c tin nhn
Khi c tin nhn mi, module s tr v 1 chui c dng:
<CR><LF>+CMTI: SM,x<CR><LF>
Vi x l v tr ca tin nhn c lu trong Sim card.
c tin nhn trong ngn 1 bng lnh AT+CMGR=1<CR>.
Nu ngn 1 khng cha tin nhn, ch c chui sau c tr v:
<CR><LF>OK<CR><LF>
Nu ngn 1 c cha tin nhn, ni dung tin nhn s c gi tr v
TE vi nh dng nh sau:
<CR><LF>+CMGR: "REC
UNREAD","+841228678499",,"07/05/12,09:32:05+28"
<CR><LF>NI DUNG<CR><LF>
<CR><LF>OK<CR><LF>
H thng cnh bo v iu khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS

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Cc tham s trong chui tr v bao gm trng thi ca tin nhn
(REC UNREAD), s in thoi gi tin nhn (+841228678499) v thi gian
gi tin nhn (07/05/12,09:32:05+28) v ni dung tin nhn.
y l nh dng mc nh ca module SIM900 lc khi ng.
Dng m rng c th c thit lp bng cch s dng lnh AT+CSDH=1
trc khi thc hin c tin nhn.
Sau khi c, tin nhn c xa i bng lnh AT+CMGD=1<CR>.
b) Gi tin nhn:
Lnh AT s dng gi tin nhn nh sau
:AT+CMGS="01228678499"
Sau SIM900 s gi tr v chui c dng <CR><LF>> (k t >
v 1 khong trng)
By gi ta nhp ni dung tin nhn v kt thc bng k t c m
ASCII l 0x1A (CTRL+Z)
Gi k t ESC (m ASCII l 27) nu khng mun tip tc gi tin
nhn na. Khi TE s gi tr v chui
<CR><LF>OK<CR><LF>.
Chui tr v thng bo kt qu qu trnh gi tin nhn c nh dng
nh sau:
<CR><LF>+CMGS: 62<CR><LF>
<CR><LF>OK<CR><LF>
Trong 62 l mt s tham chiu cho tin nhn c gi. Sau
mi tin nhn c gi i, gi tr ca s tham chiu ny s tng ln 1 n v.
S tham chiu ny c gi tr nm trong khong t 0 n 255.
Thi gian gi mt tin nhn vo khong 3-4 giy (kim tra vi
mng Mobi phone).
H thng cnh bo v iu khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS

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Nu tnh trng sng khng cho php thc hin vic gi tin nhn
(th bng cch tho antenna), hoc chc nng RF ca modem khng c
cho php hot ng (do s dng cc lnh AT+CFUN=0 hoc AT+CFUN=4),
hoc s tin nhn trong hng i pha tng i vt qua gii hn cho php,
hoc b nh cha tin nhn ca MT nhn c tin nhn b trn, MT s gi
thng bo li tr v v c nh dng nh sau:
<CR><LF>+CMS ERROR: 193<CR><LF>
<CR><LF>+CMS ERROR: 515<CR><LF>
Chc nng truyn nhn tin nhn v chc nng thoi c tch bit.
Khi ang thng thoi vn c th truyn nhn c tin nhn. Khi truyn nhn
tin nhn vn c th tin hnh thit lp v kt thc cuc gi.
4.4. Cc lnh v GPRS
AT+CGATT : lnh gn hay tch thit b khi GPRS.
AT+CGDCONT : nh ngha dng PDP.
AT+CGQMIN : cht lng dich v mc thp nht.
AT+CGQREQ : cht lng dich v.
AT+CGDATA : trng thi d liu vo.
AT+CGREG : tnh trng ng k ca mng.
AT+CGCOUNT : m gi d liu vo.
Trong gii hn ca ti, ta ch s dng n cc lnh thc hin vic gi v
c tin nhn SMS.
II. Gii thiu Vi iu khin Microchip PIC16F877A
1. Khi qut v Vi iu khin PIC16F877A
Khi x l trung tm ng vai tr chnh l PIC16F877A s lm nhim v
chnh l tip nhn v x l cc d liu n v i mt cch t ng. ti s dng
PIC16F877A v nhng u im vt tri ca n so vi cc vi iu khin khc.V
H thng cnh bo v iu khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS

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mt tnh nng v cng nng th c th xem PIC vt tri hn rt nhiu so vi VK
h 89 vi nhiu module c tch hp sn nh ADC 10 BIT, PWM 10 BIT,
EEPROM 256 BYTE, COMPARATER, VERF COMPARATERV mt gi c
th c i cht chnh lch nh gi 1 con 89S52 khong 20.000 th PIC16F877A l
80.000 nhng khi so snh nh th th ta nn xem li phn linh kin cho vic thit k
mch nu nh s dng VK h 89 mun c ADC phi dng thm IC ADC chng
hn nh ADC 0808 hay 0809 vi gi vi chc ngn v b opamp th khi s dung
PIC n tch hp cho ta sn cc module c ngha l khng cn b sung thm
ADC, Opam, EPPROM v PIC c sn trong n. Ngoi ra vic s dng VK
PIC16F877A c nhiu thun li hn trong thit k board, khi board mch s nh
gn v p hn d thi cng hn rt nhiu, v tnh v gi c tng cng cho n lc
thnh phm th PIC c th xem nh r hn VK h 89. Mt iu c bit na l tt
c cc con PIC c s dng th u c chun PI tc chun cng nghip thay v
chun PC (chun dn dng).
Ngoi ra, PIC c ngn ng h tr cho vic lp trnh ngoi ngn ng Asembly
cn c ngn ng C vi rt nhiu trnh bin dch nh CCS, HTPIC, MirkoBasic,
Bn cnh vi b dy ca s pht trin lu i PIC to ra rt nhiu din n si
ni v PIC c trong v ngoi nc. Chnh v vy chng ta s c nhiu thun li
trong vic d dng tm kim cc thng tin lp trnh cho cc dng PIC.
Dng PIC16F877A c chn s dng trong ti l dng ph thng vi
cc tnh nng c bn v d cho vic s dng vi:
- Tp lnh lp trnh ch c 35 lnh vi di 14bit rt d nh v d hc.
Mi lnh u c thc thi trong 1 chu k xung clock. Tc hot ng ti
a cho php l 20MHz vi 1 chu k lnh l 200ns.
- B nh chng trnh: 8K x 14 words; b nh d liu: 368 x 8 Bytes (RAM);
b nh d liu EEPROM 256 x 8 bytes.
- Kh nng ngt ln n 14 ngun ngt.
H thng cnh bo v iu khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS

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- Di in th hot ng rng: t 2.0V n 5.5V
- Mc cng sut tiu th thp:
Nh hn 0.6 mA khi in th cp l 3V, tn s thch anh 4 MHz
20 A khi in th cp l 3V, tn s thch anh 32 kHz
Nh hn 1 A ch ch vi ngun d phng.
- S PORT I/O l 5 vi 33 pin I/O.
- Cc c tnh ngoi vi bao gm cc khi chc nng sau:
Timer0: b m/ nh thi 8 bit vi b chia tn s 8 bit.
Timer1: b m/ nh thi 16 bit vi b chia tn s, c th thc hin chc
nng m da vo xung clock ngoi vi ngay khi vi iu khin hot ng
ch sleep.
Timer2: b m/ nh thi 8 bit.
2 b Capture (thu thp) 16 bit vi chnh xc ti a l 12.5ns
2 b Compare (so snh) 16 bit vi chnh xc ti a l 200ns
2 b PWM (iu ch rng xung) 10 bit
Cc chun giao tip ni tip SSP (Synchronous Serial Port), SPI (Serial
Peripheral Interface Bus) v IC (Inter-Integrated Circuit).
Chn giao tip ni tip USART vi 9 bit a ch.
Cng giao tip song song PSP (Parallel Slave Port) vi cc chn iu
khin RD, WR, CS bn ngoi.
1 b ADC vi 8 knh 10 bit.
Bn cnh l mt vi c tnh khc ca vi iu khin nh:
B nh Flash vi kh nng ghi xo c 100.000 ln.
B nh EEPROM vi kh nng ghi xo c 1.000.000 ln.
D liu b nh EEPROM c th lu tr trn 40 nm.
Kh nng t np chng trnh vi s iu khin ca phn mm.
H thng cnh bo v iu khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS

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Np c chng trnh ngay trn mch in ICSP (In Circuit Serial
Programming) thng qua 2 chn.
Watchdog Timer vi b dao ng trong.
Chc nng bo mt m chng trnh.
Ch Sleep tit kim nng lng.
C th hot ng vi nhiu dng Oscillator khc nhau.

H thng cnh bo v iu khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS

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2. S khi v khi qut cu trc phn cng ca VK PIC16F877A
2.1. S khi vi iu khin PIC16F877A

H thng cnh bo v iu khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS

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2.2. Mt s c tnh ca CPU
2.2.1. Configuration bit
y l cc bit dng la chn cc c tnh ca CPU. Cc bit ny c
cha trong b nh chng trnh ti a ch 2007h v ch c th c truy xut trong
qu trnh lp trnh cho VK. Chi tit v cc bit ny nh sau:

Bit 13 : CP (Code Protection)
1: tt ch bo v m chng trnh.
0: bt ch bo v m chng trnh.
Bit 12, 5, 4 : khng quan tm v c mc nh mang gi tr 0.
Bit 11 : DEBUG (In-circuit debug mode bit)
1: khng cho php, RB7 v RB6 c xem nh cc pin xut nhp
bnh thng.
0: cho php, RB6 v RB7 l cc pin c s dng cho qu trnh
debug.
Bit 10, 9 : WRT1 : WRT0 (Flash Program Memory Write Enable bit)
11: tt chc nng chng ghi, EECON s iu khin qu trnh ghi ln
tan b nh chng trnh.
10: ch chng ghi t a ch 0000h : 00FFh.
01: ch chng ghi t a ch 0000h : 07FFh.
00: ch chng ghi t a ch 0000h : 0FFFh.
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Bit 8 : CPD (Data EEPROM Memory Write Protection bit)
1: tt chc nng bo v m ca EEPROM.
0: bt chc nng bo v m.
Bit 7 : LVP (Low-Voltage (Single supply) In-Circuit Serial
Programming Enable bit
1: cho php ch bp chng trnh in p thp, pin RB3/PGM
c s dng cho ch ny.
0: khng cho php ch np chng trnh in p thp, in p
cao c a vo pin MCLR, pin RB3 l pin I/O bnh thng.
Bit 6 : BODEN (Brown-out Reset Enable bit)
1: cho php BOR (Brown-out Reset).
0: khng cho php BOR.
Bit 3 : PWRTEN (Power-up Timer Enable bit)
1: khng cho php PWR.
0: cho php PWR.
Bit 2 : WDTEN (Watchdog Timer Enable bit)
1: cho php WDT.
0: khng cho php WDT.
Bit 1, 0 : Fosc1 Fosc0 (la chn lai oscillator)
11: s dng RC oscillator.
10: s dng HS oscillator.
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01: s dng XT oscillator.
00: s dng LP oscillator.
2.2.2. Cc c tnh ca Oscillator
PIC16F877A c kh nng s dng mt trong 4 lai oscillator, l:
LP: (Low Power Crystal).
XT: Thch anh bnh thng.
HS: (High-Speed Crystal).
RC: (Resistor/Capacitor) dao ng RC.
i vi cc lai oscillator LP, HS, XT, oscillator c gn vo VK thng
qua cc pin OSC1/CLK1 v OSC2/CLK0.
2.2.3. Ngt (Interrupt)
PIC16F877A c n 15 ngun to ra ht ng ngt c iu khin bi
thanh ghi INTCON (bit GIE). Bn cnh mi ngt cn c 1 bit iu khin v c
ngt ring. Cc c ngt vn c set bnh thng khi tha mn iu kin ngt xy
ra bt chp trng thi ca bit GIE, tuy nhin hat ng ngt vn ph thuc vo bit
GIE v cc bit iu khin khc. Bit iu khin ngt RB0/INT v TMR0 nm trong
thanh ghi INTCON, thanh ghi ny cn cha bit cho php cc ngt ngai vi PEIE.
Bit iu khin cc ng8t nm trong thanh ghi PIE1 v PIE2. C ngt ca cc ngt
nm trong thanh ghi PIR1 v PIR2.
Trong mt thi im ch c mt chng trnh ngt c thc thi, chng
trnh ngt c kt thc bng lnh RETFIE. Khi chng trnh ngt c thc thi,
bit GIE t ng c xa, a ch lnh tip theo ca chng trnh c ct vo b
nh Stack v b m chng trnh s ch n a ch 0004h. Lnh RETFIE c
dng that khi chng trnh ngt v quay tr v chng trnh chnh, ng thi
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bit GIE cng c set cho php cc ngt hat ng tr li. Cc c hiu c
dng kim tra ngt no ang xy ra v phi c xa bng chng trnh chnh
trc khi cho php ngt tip tc hat ng tr li ta c th pht hin thi im
tip theo m ngt xy ra.
i vi cc ngt ngai vi nh ngt t chn INT hay ngt t s thay i trng
thi cc pin ca PORTB, vic xc nh ngt no xy ra cn 3 hoc 4 chu k lnh ty
thuc vo thi im xy ra ngt.

2.2.3.1. Ngt INT
Ng8t ny da trn s thay i trng thi ca pin RB0/INT. Cnh tc ng
gy ra ng8t c th l cnh ln hay cnh xung v c iu khin bi bit INTEDG
(thanh ghi OPTIONREG<6>). Khi c cnh tc ng thch hp xut hin ti pin
RB0/INT, c ngt INTF c set bt chp trng thi cc bit iu khin GIE v
PEIE. Ngt ny c kh nng nh thc CK t ch sleep nu bit cho php ngt
c set trc khi lnh SLEEP c thc thi.
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2.2.3.2. Ngt do s thay i trng thi cc pin trong PORTB
Cc pin PORTB<7:4> c dng cho ngt ny v c iu khin bi bit
RBIE (thanh ghi INTCON<4>). C ngt ca ngt ny l bit RBIF (INTCON<0>).
2.3. Cc cng xut nhp ca PI C16F877A
VK PIC16F877A c 5 cng xut nhp, bao gm PORTA, PORTB, PRTC,
PORTD, PORTE. Mun xc lp chc nng ca mt chn trong PORT A l input, ta
set bit iu khin tng ng vi chn trong thanh ghi TRISA v ngc li, mun
xc lp chc nng ca mt chn trong PORT A l output, ta clear bit iu khin
tng ng vi trong trong thanh ghi TRISA. Tng t i vi cc PORT v cc
thanh ghi iu khin tng ng TRIS (i vi PORT A l TRISA, i vi PORT B
l TRISB, i vi PORT C l TRISC, i vi PORT D l TRISD, i vi PORT D
l TRISD).
2.3.1. PORT A
PORT A (RPA) bao gm 6 I/O pin. y l cc chn hai chiu
(bidirectional pin), ngha l c th xut v nhp c. Chc nng I/O ny c iu
khin bi thanh ghi TRISA (a ch 85h). Bn cnh PORT A cn l ng vo ca
b ADC, b so snh, ng vo xung clock ca Timer0 v ng vo ca b giao tip
MSSP (Master Synchronous Serial Port).
Cc thanh ghi SFR lin quan n PORTA bao gm:
o PORTA (a ch 05h) : cha gi tr cc pin trong PORTA.
o TRISA (a ch 85h) : iu khin xut nhp.
o CMCON (a ch 9Ch) : thanh ghi iu khin b so snh in
p.
o ADCON1 (a ch 9Fh) : thanh ghi iu khin b ADC.
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Hnh 1.5: S khi ca chn
RA4/T0CKL

Hnh 1.4: S khi cc chn RA3:RA0 v RA5
2.3.2. PORT B
PORTB (RPB) gm 8 pin I/O. Bn cnh mt s chn ca PORT b cn
c s dng trong qu trnh np chng trnh cho VK vi cc ch np khc
nhau. PORT B cn lin quan n ngt ngai vi v b Timer0. PORT B cn c
tch hp chc nng in tr ko ln c iu khin bi chng trnh.
Cc thanh ghi SFR lin quan n PORTB bao gm:
o PORTB (a ch 06h, 106h) : cha gi tr cc pin trong
PORT B.
o TRISB (a ch 86h, 186h) : iu khin xt nhp.
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o OPTION_REG (a ch 81h, 181h): iu khin ngt ngoi vi v b
Timer0.
Hnh 1.6: S khi cc chn RB3:RB0

Hnh 1.7: S khi cc chn
RB7:RB4
2.3.3. PORT C
PORT C (RPC) gm 8 pin I/O. Bn cnh , PORT C cn cha cc chn
chc nng ca b so snh, b Timer1, b PWM v cc chun giao tip ni tip IC,
SPI, SSP, USART.
Cc thanh ghi iu khin lin quan n PORT C;
o PORTC (a ch 07h) : cha gi tr cc pin trong PORT C.
o TRISC (a ch 87h) : iu khin xut nhp.
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Hnh 1.9: S khi cc chn
RC2:RC0 v RC7:RC5
Hnh 1.10: S khi cc chn Rc4:RC3
2.3.4. PORT D
PORT D (RPD) gm 8 pin I/O. PORT D cn l cng xt d liu ca chun
giao tip PSP (Parallel Slave Port).
Cc thanh ghi lin quan n PORT D bao gm:
o Thanh ghi PORTD : cha gi tr cc pin trong PORT D.
o Thanh ghi TRISD : iu khin xut nhp.


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Hnh 1.21: S khi cc chn RD7:RD0
2.3.5. PORT E
PORT E (RPE) gm 3 chn I/O. Cc chn ca PORT E c ng vo analog.
Bn cnh PORTE cn l cc chn iu khin ca chun giao tip PSP.
Cc thanh ghi lin quan n PORT E bao gm:
o PORTE : cha gi tr cc chn trong PORTE.
o TRISE : iu khin xut nhp v xc lp cc
thng s cho chun giao tip PSP.
o ADCON1 : thanh ghi iu khin khi ADC.


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Hnh 1.22: S khi cc chn RE2:RE0

2.4. T chc b nh:
Cu trc b nh ca vi iu khin PIC16F877A bao gm b nh chng trnh
(Program memory) v b nh d liu (Data Memory).
2.4.1. B nh chng trnh
B nh chng trnh ca VK PIC16F877A l b nh Flash, dung lng b
nh 8K word (1 word = 14 bit) v c phn thnh nhiu trang (t page 0 n page
3). Nh vy, b nh chng trnh c kh nng cha c 8x1024 = 8192 lnh (1
lnh sau khi m ho s c dung lng 1 word 14bit)
m ho c a ch ca 8K word b nh chng trnh, b m chng
tirnh2 c dung lng 13 bit (PC<12:0>)
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Khi vi iu khin c reset, b m chng trnh s ch n a ch 0000h
(Reset Vector). Khi c ngt xy ra, b m chng trnh s ch n a ch 0004h
(Interrupt Vector).
B nh chng trnh khng bao gm b nh stack v kh6ong c a ch
ho bi b m chng trnh

Hnh 1.23: S b nh chng trnh PIC16F877A
2.4.2. B nh d liu
B nh d liu ca PIC l b nh EEPROM c chia lm nhiu Bank. i
vi PIC16F877A, b nh d liu c chia lm 4 Bank. Mi Bank c dung lng
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128 Byte, bao gm cc thanh ghi c chc nng c bit SFR (Special Functin
Register) nm cc vng a ch thp v cc thanh ghi mc ch chung GPR
(General Purpose Register) nm vng a ch cn li trong Bank. Cc thanh ghi
SFR thng xuyn c s dng (v d nh thanh ghi STATUS) s c t tt
c cc Bank ca b nh d liu gip thun tin trong qu trnh truy xut v lm
gim bt lnh ca chng trnh. S c th ca b nh d liu PIC16F877A nh
sau:

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Hnh 1.24: S b nh d liu PIC16F877A
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2.4.2.1. Thanh ghi chc nng c bit SFR
y l cc thanh ghi c s dng bi CPU hoc c dng thit lp v
iu khin cc khi chc nng tch hp bn trong VK. C th phn thanh ghi SFR
lm 2 loi: thanh ghi SFR lin quan n cc chc nng bn trong (CPU) v thanh
ghi SFR dng thit lp v iu khin cc khi chc nng bn ngoi ( v d:
ADC, PWM). Phn ny s cp n cc thanh ghi lin quan n chc nng bn
trong. Cc thanh ghi dng thit lp v iu khin cc khi chc nng s c
nhc n khi ta cp n cc khi chc nng
Thanh ghi STATUS (03h, 83h, 103h, 183h): thanh ghi cha kt qu
thc hin php ton ca khi ALU, trng thi reset v cc bit chn
bank cn truy xut trong b nh d liu.

Thanh ghi OPTION_REG (81h, 181h): thanh ghi ny cho php c v
ghi, cho php iu khin chc nng pull-up ca cc chn trong
PORTB, xc lp cc tham s v xung tc ng, cnh tc ng ca
ngt ngoi vi v b m Timer0.

Thanh ghi INTCON (0Bh, 8Bh, 10Bh, 18Bh): thanh ghi ny cho php
c v ghi, cha cc bit iu khin v cc bit c hiu khi Timer 0 b
trn, ngt ngoi vi RB0/INT v ngt interrupt-on-change ti cc chn
ca PORTB.

Thanh ghi PIE1(8Ch): cha cc bit iu khin chi tit cc ng8t ca
cc khi chc nng ngai vi.
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Thanh ghi PIR1 (0Ch) cha c ngt ca cc khi chc nng ngai vi,
cc ngt ny c cho php bi cc bit iu khin cha trong thanh
ghi PIE1.

Thanh ghi PIE2 (8Dh): cha cc bit iu khin cc ngt ca cc khi
chc nng CCP2, SSP bus, ng8t ca b so snh v ngt ghi vo b
nh EEPROM.

Thanh ghi PIR2 (0Dh): cha cc c ngt ca cc khi chc nng
ngai vi, cc ngt ny c cho php bi cc bit iu khin cha
trong thanh ghi PIE2.

Thanh ghi PCON (8Eh): cha cc c hiu cho bit trng thi cc ch
reset ca vi iu khin.

2.4.2.2. Thanh ghi mc ch chung GPR
Cc thanh ghi ny c th c truy xut trc tip hoc gin tip thng qua
thanh ghi FSG (File Select Register). y l cc thanh ghi d liu thng thng,
ngi s dng c th ty theo mc ch chng trnh m c th dng c thanh ghi
ny cha cc bin s, hng s, kt qu hoc cc tham s phc v cho chng
trnh
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2.4.3. STACK
Stack khng nm trong b nh chng trnh hay b nh d liu m l mt
vng nh c bit khng cho php c hay ghi. Khi lnh CALL c thc hin hay
khi 1 ngt xy ra lm chng trnh b r nhnh, gi tr ca b m chng trnh PC
t ng c VK ct vo trong stack.
B nh stack trong VK PIC h 16F87xA c kh nng cha c 8 a ch
v hoat ng theo c ch xoay vng. Ngha l gi tr ct vo b nh stack ln th 9
s ghi ln gi tr ct vo stack ln u tin
Khng c c hiu no cho bit trng thi stack, do khng th bit c
khi no stack trn. Cc thao tc vi b nh stack s han ton c iu khin bi
CPU.
2.5. Timer 0
y l mt trong ba b m hoc b nh thi ca VK PIC16F877A.
Timer 0 l b m 8 bit c kt ni vi b chia tn s (prescaler) 8 bit. Cu trc
ca Timer 0 cho php ta la chn xung clock tc ng v cnh tch cc ca xung
clock. Ngt Timer 0 s xut hin khi Timer 0 b trn. Bit TMR0IE (INTCON<5>) l
bit iu khin ca Timer 0. TMR0IE = 1 cho php ngt Timer 0 tc ng, TMR0IE
= 0 khng cho php ngt Timer 0 tc ng.
Mun Timer 0 hat ng ch timer ta clear bit TOSC
(OPTION_REG<5>), khi gi tr thanh ghi TMR0 s tng theo tng chu k xung
ng h (tn s vo Timer 0 bng tn s oscillator). Khi gi tr thanh ghi TMR0
t FFh tr v 00h, ngt Timer 0 s xut hin. Thanh ghi TMR0 cho php ghi v xa
gip ta n nh thi im ngt Timer0 xut hin mt cch linh ng.
Mun Timer 0 hat ng ch Counter ta set bit TOSC
(OPTION_REG<5>). Khi xung tc ng ln b m c ly t chn
RA4/TOCK1. Bit TOSE (OPTION_REG<4>) cho php lc chn cnh tc ng vo
b m. Cnh tc ng l cnh ln nu TOSE = 0 v cnh tc ng l cnh xung
nu TOSE = 1.
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Hnh 1.25: S khi ca Timer 0
Khi thanh ghi TMR0 b trn, bit TMR0IF (INTCON<2>) s c set. y
chnh l c ngt ca Timer0. C ngt ny phi c xa bng chng trnh trc
khi b m bt u thc hin qu trnh m. Ngt Timer0 khng th nh thc
VK t ch sleep.
B chia tn s (prescaler) c chia s gia Timer 0 v WDT (Watchdog
Timer). iu c ngha l nu prescaler c s dng cho Timer 0 th WDT s
khng c c h tr ca prescaler v ngc li.
2.6. ADC
ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) l b chuyn i tn hiu t dng tng
t sang dng s. VK PIC16F877a c 8 ng vo analog (RA4:RA0 v RE2:RE0).
Hiu in th chun VREF c th la chn l VDD, VSS hay hiu in th chun
c xc lp trn 2 chn RA2 v RA3. Kt qu chuyn i t tn hiu tng t sang
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tn hiu s l 10 bit s tng ng v c lu trong 2 thanh ghi
ASRESH:ADRESL. Khi khng s dng b chuyn i ADC, cc thanh ghi ny c
th c s dng nh cc thanh ghi thng thng khc.

Hnh 1.26: S khi b chuyn i ADC
Qui trnh chyn i t tng t sang s bao gm cc bc sau:
1- Thit lp cc thng s cho b chuyn i ADC:
Chn ng vo Analog, chn in p mu (da trn cc
thng s ca thanh ghi ADCON1).
Chn knh chuyn i AD (thanh ghi ADCON0).
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Chn xung clock cho knh chuyn i AD (thanh ghi
ADCON0).
Cho php b chuyn i AD hat ng (thanh ghi
ADCON0).
2- Thit lp c c ngt cho b AD
Clear bit ADIF.
Set bit ADIE.
Set bit PEIE.
Set bit GIE.
3- i cho ti khi qu trnh ly mu han tt.
4- Bt u qu trnh chuyn i (set bit GO/DONE).
5- i cho ti khi qu trnh chuyn i han tt bng cch:
Kim tra bit GO/DONE. Nu GO/DONE =0, qu trnh
chuyn i han tt.
Kim tra c ngt.
6- c kt qu chuyn i v xa c ngt, set bit GO/DONE (nu
cn tip tc chuyn i).
7- Tip tc thc hin cc bc 1 v 2 cho qu trnh chuyn i tip
theo.
Cn ch l c 2 cch lu kt qu chuyn i AD, vic la chn cc lu
c iu khin bi bit ADFM v c minh ha c th trong hnh sau:
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Hnh 1.27: Cc cch lu kt qu chuyn i ADC
Cc thanh ghi lin quan n b chuyn i ADC bao gm:
INTCON (a ch 0Bh, 8Bh, 10Bh, 18Bh): cho php cc ngt (cc bit
GIE, PEIE).
PIR1 (a ch 0Ch): cha c ngt AD (bit ADIF).
PIE1 (a ch 8Ch): cha bit iu khin AD (ADIE).
ADRESH (a ch 1Eh) v ADRESL (a ch 9Fh): cc thanh ghi cha
kt qu chuyn i AD.
PORTA (a ch 05h) v TRISA(a ch 85h): lin quan n cc ng vo
analog o83 PORTA.
PORTE (a ch 09h) v TRISE (a ch 89h): lin quan n cc ng vo
analog PORTE.
2.7. Giao tip ni tip
2.7.1. USART
UASRT ( Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter) l
mt torng hai chun giao tip ni tip. USART cn c gi l giao din giao tip
ni tip SCI (Serial Communication Interface). C th s dng giao din ny cho
cc giao tip vi cc thit b ngoi vi, vi cc VK khc hay vi my tnh. Cc
dng ca giao din USART ngai vi bao gm:
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Bt ng b (Asynchronous).
ng b_Master Mode.
ng b_Slave Mode.
Hai pin dng cho giao din ny l RC6?TX/CK v RC7/RX/DT, trong
RC6/TX/CK dng truyn xung clock (baud rate) v RC7/RX/DT dng truyn
data. Trong trng hp ny ta phi setbit TRISC<7:6> v SPEN (RCSTA<7>)
cho php giao din USART.
PIC16F877A c tch hp sn b to tc baud BRG (Baud Rate
Generator) 8 bit dng cho giao din USART. BRG thc cht l mt b m c th
c s dng cho c hai dng ng b v bt ng b v c iu khin bi thanh
ghi PSBRG. dng bt ng b, BRG cn c iu khin bi bit BRGH
(TXSTA<2>). dng ng b tc ng ca bit BRGH c b qua. Tc baud
do BRG to ra c tnh theo cng thc sau:

Trong X l gi tr ca thanh ghi RSBRG (X l s nguyn v 0 < X < 255).
Cc thanh ghi lin qua n BRG bao gm:
TXSTA (a ch 98h): chn ch ng b hay bt ng
b (bit SYNC) v chn mc tc baud (bit BRGH).
RCSTA (a ch 18h): cho php hat ng cng ni tip (bit
SPEN).
RSBRG (a ch 99h): quyt nh tc baud.
2.7.2. USART bt ng b
ch truyn ny USART hat ng theo chun NRZ ( None Return to
Zero), ngha l cc bit truyn i s bao gm 1 bit Start, 8 hoc 9 bit d liu (thng
thng l 8 bit) v 1 bit Stop. Bit LSB s c truyn i trc. Cc khi truyn v
nhn data c lp vi nhau s dng chung tn s tng ng vi tc baud cho qu
trnh dch d liu (tc baud gp 16 hay 64 ln tc dch d liu ty theo gi tr
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ca bit BRGH), v m bo tnh hiu qu ca d liu th hai khi truyn v nhn
phi dng chung mt nh dng d liu.
B USART bt ng b bao gm cc thnh phn quan trng sau:
B pht tc baud ( BRG )
Mch ly mu
B pht bt ng b.
B thu bt ng b.
2.7.2.1. Truyn d liu qua chun giao tip USART bt ng b
Thnh phn quan trng nht ca khi truyn d liu l thanh ghi dch d liu
TSR (Transmit Shift Register). Thanh ghi TSR s ly d liu t thanh ghi m dng
cho qu trnh truyn d liu TXREG. D liu cn truyn phi c a trc vo
thanh ghi TXREG. Ngay sau khi bit Stop ca d liu cn truyn trc c
truyn xong, d lu t thanh ghi TXREG s c a vo thanh ghi TSR, thanh
ghi TXREG b rng, ngt xy ra v c hiu TXIF (PIR1<4>) c set. Ngt ny
c iu khin bi bit TXIE (PIE1<4>). C hiu TXIF vn c set bt chp trng
thi ca bit TXIE hay tc ng ca chng trnh (khng th xa TXIF bng chng
trnh) m ch reset v 0 khi c d liu mi c a vo thanh ghi TXREG.
Hnh 1.28: S khi ca khi truyn d liu USART
Trong khi c hiu TXIF ng vai tr ch th trng thi thanh ghi TXREG th
c hiu TRMT (TXSTA<1>) c nhim v th hin trng thi thanh ghi TSR. Khi
H thng cnh bo v iu khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS

GVHD: Ks. Phm Quang Tr Page 40 SVTH: Trn Nguyn Hong

thanh ghi TSR rng, bit TRMT s c set. Bit ny ch c v khng c ngt no
c gn vi trng thi ca n. Mt im cn ch na l thanh ghi TSR khng c
trong b nh d liu v ch c iu khin bi CPU.
Khi truyn d liu c cho php hot ng khi bit TXEN (TXSTA<5>)
c set. Qu trnh truyn d liu ch thc s bt u khi c d liu trong thanh
ghi TXREG v xung truyn baud c to ra. Khi khi truyn d liu c khi
ng ln u tin, thanh ghi TSR rng. Ti thi im , d liu a vo thanh ghi
TXREG ngay lp tc c load vo thanh ghi TSR v thanh ghi TXREG b rng.
Lc ny ta c th hnh thnh 1 chui d liu lin tc cho qu trnh truyn d liu.
Trong qu trnh truyn d liu nu bit TXEN b reset v 0, qu trnh truyn kt thc,
khi truyn d liu c reset v pin RC6/TX/CK chuyn n trng thi high-
impedance.
Trong trng hp d liu cn truyn l 9 bit, bit TX9 (TXSTA<6>) c set
v bit d liu th 9 s c lu trong bit TX9D (TXSTA<0>). Nn ghi bit d liu
th 9 vo trc, v khi ghi 8 bit d liu vo thanh ghi TXREG trc c th xy ra
trng hp ni dung thanh ghi TXREG s c load vo thanh ghi TSG trc, nh
vy d liu truyn i s b sai khc so vi yu cu.
Tm li, truyn d liu theo giao din USART bt ng b, ta cn thc
hin tun t cc bc sau:
1- To xung truyn baud bng cch a cc gi tr cn thit vo thanh ghi
RSBRG v bit iu khin mc tc baud BTGH.
2- Cho php cng giao din ni tip bt ng b bng cch clear bit SYNC
v set bit PSEN.
3- Set bit TXIE n cn s dng ngt truyn.
4- Set bit TX9 nu nh dng d liu cn truyn l 9 bit.
5- Set bit TXEN cho php truyn d liu (lc ny bit TXIF cng s c
set).
6- Nu nh dng d liu l 9 bit, a bit d liu th 9 vo bit TX9D.
7- a 8 bit d liu cn truyn vo thanh ghi TXREG.
H thng cnh bo v iu khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS

GVHD: Ks. Phm Quang Tr Page 41 SVTH: Trn Nguyn Hong

8- Nu s dng ngt truyn, cn kim tra li cc bit GIE v PEIE (thanh ghi
INTCON).
Cc thanh ghi lin quan n qu trnh truyn d liu bng giao din USART
bt ng b:
Thanh ghi INTCON (a ch 0Bh, 8Bh, 10Bh, 18Bh): cho
php tt c cc ngt.
Thanh ghi PIR1 (a ch 0Ch): cha c hiu TXIF.
Thanh ghi PIE1 (a ch 8Ch): cha bit cho php ngt
truyn TXIE.
Thanh ghi RCSTA (a ch 18h): cha bit cho php cng
truyn d liu (hai pin RC6/TX/CK v RC7/RX/DT).
Thanh ghi TXREG (a ch 19h): thanh ghi cha d liu
cn truyn.
Thanh ghi TXSTA (a ch 98h): xc lp cc thng s cho
giao din.
Thanh ghi SPBRG (a ch 99h): quyt nh tc baud.
2.7.2.2. Nhn d liu qua chun giao tip USART bt ng b
D liu c a vo t chn RC7/RX/DT s kch hat khi phc hi d
liu. khi phc hi d liu thc cht l mt b dch d liu tc cao v c tn s
hat ng gp 16 ln hoc 64 ln tn s baud. Trong khi tc dch ca thanh
ghi nhn d liu s bng vi tn s baud hoc tn s ca oscillator.
H thng cnh bo v iu khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS

GVHD: Ks. Phm Quang Tr Page 42 SVTH: Trn Nguyn Hong

Hnh 1.29: S khi ca khi nhn d liu USART
Bit iu khin cho php khi nhn d liu l bit RCEN (RCSTA<4>). Thnh
phn quan trng nht ca khi nhn d liu l thanh ghi nhn d liu RSR (Receive
Shift Register). Sau khi nhn din bit Stop ca d liu truyn ti, d liu nhn c
trong thanh ghi RSR s c a vo thanh ghi RCGER, sau c hiu RCIF
(PIR<5>) s c set v ngt nhn c kch hat. Ngt ny c iu khin bi
bit RCIE (PIE1<5>). Bit c hiu RCIF l bit ch c v khng th c tc ng
bi chng trnh. RCIF ch reset v 0 khi d liu nhn vo thanh ghi RCREG
c c v khi thanh ghi RCREG rng. Thanh ghi RCREG l thanh ghi c b
m kp (double-buffered register) v hat ng theo c ch FIFO (First In First
Out) cho php nhn 2 byte v byte th 3 tip tc c a vo thanh ghi RSR. Nu
sau khi nhn c bit Stop ca byte d liu th 3 m thanh ghi RCREG vn cn
y, c hiu bo trn d liu (Overrun Error bit) OERR (RCSTA<1>) s c set,
d liu trong thanh ghi RSR s b mt i v qu trnh a d liu t thanh ghi RSR
vo thanh ghi RCREG s b gin an. Trong trng hp ny cn ly ht d liu
thanh ghi RSREG vo trc khi tip tc nhn byte d liu tip theo. Bit OERR phi
c xa bng phn mm v thc hin bng cch clear bit RCEN ri set li. Bit
FERR (RCSTA<2>) s c set khi pht hin bit Stop ca d liu nhn vo. Bit d
H thng cnh bo v iu khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS

GVHD: Ks. Phm Quang Tr Page 43 SVTH: Trn Nguyn Hong

liu th 9 s c a vo bit RX9D (RCSTA<0>). Khi c d liu t thanh ghi
RCREG, 2 bit FERR v RX9D s nhn cc gi tr mi. Do cn c d liu t
thanh ghi RCSTA trc khi c d liu t thanh ghi RCREG trnh b mt d
liu.
Tm li, khi s dng giao din nhn d liu USART bt ng b cn tin
hnh tn t cc bc sau:
1- Thit lp tc baud (a gi tr thch hp vo thanh ghi SPBRG v bit
BRGH).
2- Cho php cng giao tip USART bt ng b (clear bit SYNC v set bit
SPEN).
3- Nu cn s dng ngt nhn d liu, set bit RCIE.
4- Nu d liu truyn nhn c nh dng l 9 bit, set bit RX9.
5- Cho php nhn d liu bng cch set bit CREN.
6- Sau khi d liu c nhn, bit RCIF s c set v ngt c kch hat
(nu bit RCIE c set).
7- c gi tr thanh ghi RCSTA c bit d liu th 9 v kim tra xem
qu trnh nhn d liu c b li khng.
8- c 8 bit d liu t thanh ghi RCREG.
9- Nu qu trnh truyn nhn c li xy ra, xa li bng cch xa bit CREN.
10- Nu s dng ngt nhn cn set bit GIE v PEIE (thanh ghi INTCON).
Cc thanh ghi lin quan n qu trnh nhn d liu bng giao din USART
bt ng b:
Thanh ghi INTCON (a ch 0Bh, 8Bh, 10Bh, 18Bh): cha
cc bit cho php tan b cc ngt (bit GIER v PEIE).
Thanh ghi PIR1 (a ch 0Ch): cha c hiu RCIE.
Thanh ghi PIE1 (a ch 8Ch): cha bit cho php ngt
RCIE.
Thanh RCSTA (a ch 18h): xc nh cc trng thi trong
qu trnh nhn d liu.
H thng cnh bo v iu khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS

GVHD: Ks. Phm Quang Tr Page 44 SVTH: Trn Nguyn Hong

Thanh ghi RCREG (a ch 1Ah): cha d liu nhn c.
Thanh ghi TXSTA (a ch 98h): cha cc bit iu SYNC
v BRGH.
Thanh ghi SPBRG (a ch 99h): iu khin tc baud.
2.8. S chn PI C16F877A


H thng cnh bo v iu khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS

GVHD: Ks. Phm Quang Tr Page 45 SVTH: Trn Nguyn Hong

Phn 2
THIT K V THI CNG
I. S KHI TNG QUT CA TON H THNG














GSM
MODULE
SIM900
KHI NGUN CUNG CP
KHI X
L
KHI CM
BIN
KHI
CNG
SUT
KHI
HIN TH
KEYPAD
K
H

I

G
I
A
O

T
I

P

H thng cnh bo v iu khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS

GVHD: Ks. Phm Quang Tr Page 46 SVTH: Trn Nguyn Hong

Khi ngun cung cp :
Khi ny cho ra 2 ngun n p 5V cung cp cho vi iu khin, cc thit b
ngoi vi (LCD, cm bin) v 4V GSM Module Sim900 t 1 ngun 12VDC
Khi giao tip:
C chc nng nhn tin nhn SMS nhn lnh iu khin thit b v gi tin
nhn cnh bo, report. Khi ny gm 1 thit b in thoi di ng v Module
SIM900
o Thit b in thoi di ng: dnh cho ngi s dng (iu khin)
gi tin nhn iu khin v nhn tin nhn cnh bo v report.
o GSM Module SIM900: Module ny c gn Sim card s dng
dch v gi v nhn tin nhn SMS t nh cung cp dch v vin
thng.
Khi ngi s dng mun iu khin m 1 thit b th gi 1 tin nhn vi ni
dung theo c php: Dev<tn thit b>on, tng t nh vy, c php tt 1 thit b
l: Dev<tn thit b>of. Hoc iu khin nhiu thit b cng lc th mi lnh
iu khin 1 thit b c t xung hng. V d:
Dev1 on
Dev2 on
Dev3 of
Sau khi lnh iu khin c gi i, ngi s dng s nhn 1 tin nhn report
vi ni dung: Device <tn thit b> turned on.
bit c tnh trng cc thit b, ngi s dng c th son tin nhn vi
ni dung: STATUS v tin nhn report nhn v c dng : Device <tn thit b> is on.
V d: Device 1 2 3 is on.
Trong trng hp pht hin khi, gas r r hoc ngi l t nhp, ngi s
dng s nhn c tin nhn cnh bo: SMOKE/GAS detected! V Stranger
H thng cnh bo v iu khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS

GVHD: Ks. Phm Quang Tr Page 47 SVTH: Trn Nguyn Hong

detected! Cc tin nhn ny s c gi lin tc mi 2 pht 1 ln cho n khi ngi
s dng c c v nhn 1 tin nhn xc nhn vi mt khu nh trc, trong
trng hp ny l 270486.
Khi vi x l:
Khi ny thc hin x l cc tin nhn iu khin m ngi s dng gi n
bt/tt thit thng qua cc Relay, nhn cc tn hiu cm bin, ng thi son ni
dung cc tin nhn cnh bo, report gi qua Module SIM900.
Khi ny do VK PIC16F877A m nhn .
Khi cng sut:
Khi ny gm 5 Transistor BJT 2SC1815 lm nhim v khuch i tn hiu
iu khin t VK PIC16F877A ng ngt 5 Relay.
Khi cm bin:
Khi ny gm 2 cm bin, 1 cm bin pht hin kh gas/khi MQ6 v 1 cm
bin pht hin chuyn ng bng hng ngoi RE 200B. Cm bin gas MQ6 s a
ra 1 in p dao ng t 2,6V (khi bnh thng) n 4,9V (khi pht hin kh gas).
Cm bin RE200B khi pht hin 1 s chuyn ng trong phm vi hot ng s xut
ra 1 xung vi rng xung Ton v Toff iu chnh c.
Khi hin th:
Khi ny gm 1 LCD 16x2 LM1602 hin th trng thi thit b v h thng
Keypad:
Khi ny gm 1 bn phm qut ma trn 4x4 dng bt tt thit b bng tay.

H thng cnh bo v iu khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS

GVHD: Ks. Phm Quang Tr Page 48 SVTH: Trn Nguyn Hong

II. S NGUYN L PHN CNG V TNH TON
Qu trnh thit k phn cng s dng phn mm Proteus 7.8 Sp2.
1. Ngun cung cp:
1.1. Ngun cung cp cho GSM Module:

Ngun cung cp cho SIM900 l t 3.2V n 4.8V. Khi Module SIM900 thc
hin truyn d liu c th gy st p ngun, trnh hin tng ny, ngun cung
cp i hi phi cung cp dng 2A cho Module. Trong mch s dng IC n p
Switching LM2596S-ADJ c kh nng cung cp 1 dng 3A, vi di in p u vo
rng t 1.2V n 37V v in p u ra iu chnh c.
in p u ra c tnh theo cng thc:
Vout = Vref (1 +

)
Vi Vref = 1.23V.
R3 thng c chn xp x 1K.
R2 c tnh vi cng thc: R2 = R1 (


H thng cnh bo v iu khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS

GVHD: Ks. Phm Quang Tr Page 49 SVTH: Trn Nguyn Hong

Trong mch, vi R1 c chn l 1K, in p Vout chn 4V, ta tnh c
R2:
R2 = 1K (

= 2.25K
Vi kt qu tnh c nh trn, ta chn R2 l 2.2K
Nt nhn B1 dng ng m ngun, khi nhn B1, IC LM2596 s ngt in
ng ra. Nt nhn ny dng Reset Module SIM900 khi xy ra li, mc d
Module SIM900 c chn Reset ring nhng theo khuyn co t hng dn ca nh
sn xut khng nn dng thng xuyn v c th gy ra h hng cho Module nn
nt nhn B1 trong trng hp ny s Reset bng cch ngt ri cp ngun tr li
Module SIM900 reset.
Cc t in 470uF l loi Aluminum v t in 100nF l loi t gm.
Diode bo v IC LM2596 in p ngc sinh ra do cun cm L1, y dng
lai diode Schottky 3A/40V.
Cun cm Ferrite Bead ngn nhiu cao tn s dng lai 3 vng 430
@10MHz.

H thng cnh bo v iu khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS

GVHD: Ks. Phm Quang Tr Page 50 SVTH: Trn Nguyn Hong

1.2. Ngun cung cp cho VK PI C16F877A, LCD v cc cm bin:
V dng in tiu th ca VK PIC16F877A, LCD v cc cm bin thp nn
trong mch ch dng IC n p LM7805 vi dng in n p cc i l 1.5A
Cc t in lc ngun l loi t gm v t aluminum tng t nh mch
ngun cung cp cho Module SIM900.
Ferrite Bead FB2 dng chn nhiu cao tn.

H thng cnh bo v iu khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS

GVHD: Ks. Phm Quang Tr Page 51 SVTH: Trn Nguyn Hong

2. Module SIM900:
2.1. Khi giao tip SI M card:
Module SIM900 h tr giao tip c 2 lai Sim card 1.8V v 3V, ngun cung
cp cho Sim card c ly t ngun n p bn trong Module SIM900. Chn
H thng cnh bo v iu khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS

GVHD: Ks. Phm Quang Tr Page 52 SVTH: Trn Nguyn Hong

SIM_DATA c gn 1 in tr ko ln 15K bn trong module nn ta khng
cn phi thm in tr ko ln bn ngai. Module SIM900 h tr chc nng gn
nng Sim card, ngha l c th gn Sim card m khng cn ngt ngun hay khi
ng li Module, chn SIM_PRESENCE s dng chc nng ny. Trong mch,
ta khng dng n chn SIM_PRESENCE nn chn ny trng.
2.2. Khi hin th trng thi hat ng v khi RF ca Module
H thng cnh bo v iu khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS

GVHD: Ks. Phm Quang Tr Page 53 SVTH: Trn Nguyn Hong

Khi hin th trng thi ca Module SIM900 gm 2 n LED D2 v D3 ly
tn hiu t 2 chn STATUS v NETLIGHT sau khi c khuch i bi 2
Transistor NPN 2SC1815.
n STATUS D3 sng khi Module hat ng v tt khi Module ch
SLEEP.
n NETLIGH D2 c 4 trng thi th hin tnh trng mng:
Trng thi D2 Trng thi Module SIM900
Tt Module khng hat ng (LEEP)
Sng 64ms, tt 800ms Module cha kt ni mng GSM (ang
d mng )
Sng 64ms, tt 3000ms Module kt ni vi mng GSM, sn
sng gi v nhn tin nhn, cuc gi
Sng 64ms, tt 300ms ang kt ni GPRS
Module SIM900 a ra 1 ng kt ni vi RF antena, y, ta ni vi 1
socket gn vo 1 dy dn n antena ngai. Socket ny c t gn Module
SIM900.

H thng cnh bo v iu khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS

GVHD: Ks. Phm Quang Tr Page 54 SVTH: Trn Nguyn Hong

2.3. Khi giao tip vi VK:
Khi cp ngun, Module SIM900 trng thi ch, chuyn trng thi ca
Module SIM900 t ch ch sang ch hat ng, chn PWRKEY c ni vi
mas v gi trong 1s ri ngt. y, Transistor Q3 thc hin vic ni chn
PWRKEY vi mas, tn hiu iu khin c a ra t chn D0 ca VK
PIC16F877A.
Module chuyn t trng thi hat ng sang trng thi ch, ta cng ni
chn PWRKEY vi mas, gi trong 1s ri ngt, hoc c th dng lnh AT:
AT+CPOWD=1.

H thng cnh bo v iu khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS

GVHD: Ks. Phm Quang Tr Page 55 SVTH: Trn Nguyn Hong

Giao tip RS232:
V VK PIC16F877A s dng in p 5V, mc logic ca PIC16F877A l
5V, cn Module SIM900 s dng in p 3.7 ~ 4.5V, mc logic l 3.3V nn thc
hin vic giao tip RS232 gia 2 thit b phi thc hin chuyn i in p mc
logic cho ph hp vi mi thit b.
- Tn hiu pht t VK c a qua 1 cu phn p ri n chn Receive ca
SIM900.

T s trn, ta c:


5R16 = 3.3 (R16 + R17)
1.7R16 = 3.3R17
H thng cnh bo v iu khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS

GVHD: Ks. Phm Quang Tr Page 56 SVTH: Trn Nguyn Hong

R17 ~ 0.51R16
Ta chn R16 = 10K, suy ra R17 = 5.1K
- Tn hiu pht t Module SIM900 c khuch i in p bi 2 Transistor
NPN 2SC1815 ri n chn Receive ca PIC16F877A
Nguyn l hat ng ca mch khuch i in p nh sau:
Khi chn TXD ca Module SIM900 mc thp (0), Q1 khng dn, Q2
c phn cc bi R1 nn dn, chn RXD ca VK nhn mc 0.
Khi chn TXD ca SIM900 mc cao (1), Q1 dn, Q2 ngt, chn RXD
ca VK nhn mc 1.
3. Cc cm bin:
3.1. Cm bin chuyn ng PI R
* Gii thiu cm bin PIR RE200B:
Cm bin chuyn ng dng hng ngai PIR (Pyroelectric Passive Infrared
Sensor) RE200B l 1 cm bin hng ngoi th ng c thit k nhn bc x
H thng cnh bo v iu khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS

GVHD: Ks. Phm Quang Tr Page 57 SVTH: Trn Nguyn Hong

c di sng trong di xung quanh bc sng 10 micromet. nhy quang ph
ca cm bin c ti u ha nhn bc x c th ca con ngi.

* S mch in:
Tn hiu t sensor RE200B c IC BISS0001 khuch i qua 2 b Op-Amp
bn trong IC, tn hiu ng ra chn 2 ca IC l tn hiu logic (0 v 1) c a n
H thng cnh bo v iu khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS

GVHD: Ks. Phm Quang Tr Page 58 SVTH: Trn Nguyn Hong

VK x l, rng xung Ton v Tof ca tn hiu ny c th c iu chnh
bi 2 bin tr R30 (Tof) v R31(Ton) v c tnh bi cng thc:
Ton = 24576 x R31 x C27
Tof = 24 x R30 x C26
IC BISS0001 l IC chuyn dng dng cho cm bin PIR, s khi bn
trong ca IC nh sau:
IC BISS0001 c 2 ch hat ng l: Retriggerable v Non-Retriggerable
c iu khin bi chn 1 (A), c th hin qua biu xung sau:

H thng cnh bo v iu khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS

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H thng cnh bo v iu khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS

GVHD: Ks. Phm Quang Tr Page 60 SVTH: Trn Nguyn Hong

Trong mch, 2 ch Retriggerable v Non-Retriggerable c chn bng
cch ni Jump TER2.
3.2. Cm bin GAS/SMOKE:
Cm bin GAS/SMOKE dng trong mch l cm bin MQ6 ca hng
HANWEI SENSORS, vt liu cm nhn kh gas l SnO2 vi c im dn yu
trong khng kh bnh thng v dn mnh khi trong khng kh xut hin kh Gas,
dn ny tng theo nng kh Gas c trong khng kh. Cm bin MQ6 c
nhy cao vi cc kh Butan, Propan, LPG v cc kh t t nhin, nhy ca MQ6
thp hn i vi khi v Alcohol.
p ng vi cc lai kh ca cm bin, o nhit 20C, m 65%, nng
oxi 21%, RL (trong mch l R18) = 20K th hin trong bng sau:

H thng cnh bo v iu khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS

GVHD: Ks. Phm Quang Tr Page 61 SVTH: Trn Nguyn Hong

Vi Ro: in tr cm bin khi nng PLG trong khng kh l 1000ppm.
Rs: in tr cm bin cc nng ca cc lai Gas khc nhau.
S mch in:
in p a ra t Sensor MQ6 c a vo Op-Amp MCP601 vi li
thay i c bng cch iu chnh R21, ng ra ca Op-Amp c a vo ng vo
Analog ca VK PIC16F877A.
Gi tr in p o c ng ra cm bin trong iu kin khng kh bnh
thng l khang 2.6V v khi c kh Gas l 4.8V, khi c khi thuc l khang gn
3V.
Gi tr in p o c ng ra Op-Amp sau khi chnh li trong iu kin
khng kh bnh thng l khang 3V, khi c khi l khang 3.4V v khi c gas l
4.9V.

H thng cnh bo v iu khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS

GVHD: Ks. Phm Quang Tr Page 62 SVTH: Trn Nguyn Hong

4. Khi vi iu khin PIC16F877A:

Keypad c ni vi Port B ca VK.
Cc chn Data ca LCD 1602 ni vi RD4~RD7, cc chn E, RW, RE ni
vi Port E ca VK. n Background ca LCD c iu khin bi chn RC0.
Tn hiu t Gas sensor a vo chn RA0, tn hiu t PIR sensor a vo
chn RA1.
Chn RA5 iu khin LED D12, hin th trng thi hat ng ca VK.
Cc chn RL1(RD2), RL2(RD1), RL3(RC5), RL4(RC2), RL5(RC1) a n
khi cng sut ng ngt relay tt/m thit b.
H thng cnh bo v iu khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS

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Chn RD0 iu khin tt m GSM Module, RD3 iu khin transistor Q10
ng ngt ci BUZZ
VK s dng thch anh 20MHz.
5. Khi cng sut:

Khi ny gm 5 Transistor ly tn hiu iu khin t cc chn RL1 ~ RL5
ca VK ng ngt cc relay 12V tt/m thit b qua cc tip im ni vi cc
terminal TER4 ~ TER8.
6. S mch in tan mch:




H thng cnh bo v iu khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS

GVHD: Ks. Phm Quang Tr Page 64 SVTH: Trn Nguyn Hong


H thng cnh bo v iu khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS

GVHD: Ks. Phm Quang Tr Page 65 SVTH: Trn Nguyn Hong

III. Lp trnh phn mm cho VK
1. Lu gii thut cho tan chng trnh



















BEGIN
Khai bo th vin
PIC16F877A
Khai bo cu hnh s
dng PIC16F877A
Khai bo tn s thch
anh
Khai bo khi giao tip
ni tip RS232
Khai bo cc driver cho
LCD, Keypad
Khai bo cc bin tan
cc
Ngt USART
Ngt Timer0
Chng trnh chnh
X l cc lnh iu
khin
END
Chng trnh con kim tra bn
phm v ng ngt relay
H thng cnh bo v iu khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS

GVHD: Ks. Phm Quang Tr Page 66 SVTH: Trn Nguyn Hong

2. Lu gii thut chng trnh con ngt USART:



















BEGIN
Khai bo cc bin
i, data, str[]
Lu d liu nhn
c vo bin data
Nu data =
\n hoc \r
Reset bin i
Lu d liu vo b
m str[i], tng gi
tr bin i thm 1
So snh v kim
tra d liu lu
trong b m
Gn cc bin
tng ng x l
Xa b m, reset
bin i
END
N
Y
Y
N
H thng cnh bo v iu khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS

GVHD: Ks. Phm Quang Tr Page 67 SVTH: Trn Nguyn Hong

3. Lu gii thut chng trnh con ngt Timer0:



















BEGIN
Khai bo bin
Khi to ngt
Tng bin
count ln 1
Count =1000
Vgas sensor > 4V
c gi tr analog
t Gas sensor
PIR sensor =1
Gn bin smk
x l
Gn bin PIR
x l
Xa c ngt
END
Kim tra ng vo
PIR sensor
N
N
N
Y
Y
Y
H thng cnh bo v iu khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS

GVHD: Ks. Phm Quang Tr Page 68 SVTH: Trn Nguyn Hong

4. Lu gii thut chng trnh con kim tra bn phm v ng ngt
Relay:


















BEGIN
Kim tra v so snh cc
phm c bm
Gn cc bin tbxm (x:
1~5) tng ng vi cc
bin c bm
Kim tra v x
l cc bin
tbxm (x: 1~5)
)
ng Relay
Ngt Relay
END
= 0
# 0
H thng cnh bo v iu khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS

GVHD: Ks. Phm Quang Tr Page 69 SVTH: Trn Nguyn Hong

5. Lu gii thut chng trnh chnh (main):



















BEGIN
Thit lp trng thi cc
ng vo/ra
Ci t khi ADC
Kch hat ngt USART
Kch hat SIM900
Gi lnh xa cc tin
nhn v tr 1 ~ 9 ti
SIM900
Delay 30s (i SIM900
kt ni mng GSM)
Gi tin nhn thng bo
sn sng n ngi s
dng
Kch hat b m
Timer0
Kim tra bin
smk
Gi tin nhn
cnh bo
Qut bn phm v gi chng
trnh con kim tra phm bm
N
Y
H thng cnh bo v iu khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS

GVHD: Ks. Phm Quang Tr Page 70 SVTH: Trn Nguyn Hong





















Kim tra bin
PIR
Kim tra cc bin lnh bt tt
thit b v bin lnh ngt cnh
bo khi
Gi tin nhn
cnh bo
Gi chng trnh con
ng ngt Relay
Xa bin PIR
Kim tra tin
nhn n
Gi lnh c tin
nhn
Kim tra s
in thai
Gi tin nhn
report
Xa tin nhn
lnh c
Y
Y
Y
N
N
N
H thng cnh bo v iu khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS

GVHD: Ks. Phm Quang Tr Page 71 SVTH: Trn Nguyn Hong

Phn 3
KT LUN
I. Kt lun
Qua thi gian nghin cu, thi cng n c bn c hon thnh. Nh s
hng dn nhit tnh, tn tm ca thy Phm Quang Tr, cng vi ni lc c gng
ca bn thn sinh vin thc hin ti, n ny c hon thnh ng thi
gian nh nh v t c yu cu t ra theo yu cu l thit k v thi cng
h thng iu khin thit b t xa qua tin nhn SMS. Trong qu trnh thc hin
ti thu c nhng kt qu nht nh nh sau:
Mch in c thit k, thi cng hon chnh gi gn trong 1 module v
c th nghim nhiu ln, cho kt qu hot ng n nh trong thc t.
Xy dng c m hnh ng dng iu khin cc thit b v h thng bo
ng.
Trong n ny, em trnh by kh y v chc nng, cu trc ca tng
khi trn board mch in tch hp. Nh vy, gip ngi c c th nm bt, hiu
c chc nng ca tng khi mt cch d dng. Bn cnh , ni dung ca ti
c trnh by kh chi tit r rng bng cch s dng nhng t ng thng dng, cc
hnh nh i km gip ngi c d hiu v c th thc hin mt cch tng t, t
hiu qu trong mt thi gian ngn.
H thng iu khin thit b trong nh t xa thng qua tin nhn SMS c thc
hin nh trong ti l mt h thng vi cc chc nng t c nh sau:
H thng c th iu khin c thit b in t xa thng qua tin nhn SMS:
+ Sau khi gi tin nhn lnh th vi ni dung tin nhn , b x l s thc thi qu
trnh x l, sau l iu khin thit b mt cch t ng.
H thng cnh bo v iu khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS

GVHD: Ks. Phm Quang Tr Page 72 SVTH: Trn Nguyn Hong

+ Tin nhn c gi i t ngi iu khin iu khin thit b in v ngi
iu khin cng nhn c tin nhn tr ngc li vi ni dng tin nhn l iu
khin c cc thit b hay cha v h thng cnh bo.
+ H thng c kh nng c bo v tt, ch vi s in thoi c ci t sn
ca ngi s dng mi c th iu khin c h thng.
H thng c chc nng cnh bo s c: cnh bo bng tin nhn SMS ti ngi
dng khi pht hin c kh Gas trong khng kh v c ngi l xm nhp trong vng
pht hin ca cm bin chuyn ng.
thc hin c cc chc nng nu trn, em tm hiu, nghin cu cc vn
c lin quan ti ti nh : h PIC16F877A, Module SIM900, cc ngn ng lp
trnh tng ng nh CCS, b lnh AT Command dnh cho GSM Module, v cc
vn khc lin quan ti ti.
Cui cng, theo nhn nh ch quan ca em th n c hon thnh ng
thi gian cho php v trnh by kh y cc mng kin thc lin quan, cc
vn lin qua ti ti.
II. Hng pht trin ti
Do thi gian thc hin ti c hn v lng kin thc c nhn l nht nh nn
ti thc hin xong ch p ng c mt phn nh ca mt h thng hon chnh.
V vy, ti ny thm phong ph hn, mang nhiu tnh thc t hn na, c kh
nng ng dng cao hn th ti cn a thm vo nhng yu cu nh sau:
Ngoi vic iu khin gim st bng tin nhn SMS, ta cng c th iu khin
Camera chp hnh ri sau gi tin nhn a phng tin n in thoi thng
qua chc nng kt ni GPRS ca Module SIM900.
S dng thm nhiu loi cm bin khc, chng hn nh cm bin nhit o
nhit , cm bin m khng kh o m khng kh, ng dng vo
H thng cnh bo v iu khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS

GVHD: Ks. Phm Quang Tr Page 73 SVTH: Trn Nguyn Hong

ti. Nh th ngi dng c th hnh dung ra c ton b khng gian trong ngi
nh.
M rng iu khin c nhiu hn na cc thit b trong nh.
ti khng nhng ch p dng cho vi cc ta nh m nn c m rng p
dng i vi iu khin cc thit b s dng ni cng cng.
M rng thm chc nng thay i hoc thm s in thoi iu khin v nhn
tin nhn cnh bo thng qua bn phm v mn hnh LCD ph hp hn vi thc
t s dng trong cc gia nh.
Hy vng vi nhng hng pht trin nu trn cng vi nhng tng khc ca
cc bn, ca ngi c- nhng ngi i sau - s pht trin hn na ti ny, khc
phc nhng hn ch, tn ti ca ti, lm cho ti tr nn phong ph hn, mang
tnh ng dng cao hn vo trong thc t cuc sng, phc v cho nhng li ch ca
con ngi trong tng lai.

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