TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP TP.

HCM
KHOA CNG NGH C KH
B MN CAD/CAM-CNC






























TP.HCM, thng 03/2007
Lp trnh Phay CNC
PHNG THC HNH CAD/CAM/CNC 1

CHNG 1: C S LP TRNH NC

1.1. Chng trnh NC
Bao gm chui ch th di chuyn dao, ch th ng ngt v ph tr cn thit
iu khin my t ng thc hin cng vic gia cng.
C nhiu nh dng ca mt chng trnh NC, ph bin nht l nh dng a ch
lnh (word address format). nh dng bao gm cc m lnh (commands) c
truyn n h thng servo, rle, cng tc thc hin cc tc v gia cng. Cc
m lnh lin kt nhau to thnh khi lnh (Block). B iu khin my s thc
hin cc thao tc iu khin theo tng khi lnh mt. Kt thc mt khi lnh s
c du kt thc khi (EOB). Cu trc ca mt chng trnh CNC c minh ha
nh sau:














a) a ch lnh (Address):
L ch ci alphabet u lnh, ch th v tr lu tr d liu s theo sau.
Bng 1. Cc m lnh NC

Nhm lnh a ch ngha
S hiu chng trnh O S hiu chng trnh
S th t khi lnh N S th t khi lnh
Lnh G G Phng thc ni suy chuyn ng
Kch thc X,Y,Z Trc chuyn ng tnh tin chnh
U,V,W Trc chuyn ng tnh tin ph
A,B,C Trc quay chnh
I,J,K Ta tm cung trn
Lp trnh Phay CNC
PHNG THC HNH CAD/CAM/CNC 2
R Bn knh cung trn
Tc chy dao F Tc chy dao
Tc trc chnh S Tc quay trc chnh
Chn dao T S hiu dao
Lnh ph M Lnh ng/ ngt (ON/OFF)
B iu khin bn xoay
S hiu thanh ghi dch
chnh
D,H S hiu thanh ghi dch chnh
Dng tm thi P,X Thi gian dng tm thi
Lnh gi chng trnh P S hiu chng trnh con;
S ln lp li chng trnh con
Tham s P,Q Tham s ca chu trnh

b) T Lnh (Word):
L chui k t, s, ch th mt i lng iu khin nht nh.
V d:
N10 : s th t khi lnh
G01 : ni suy ng thng
X2.0: ta phng X
F300: tc chy dao
T07 : s hiu dao
M09 : ngt bm dung dch trn ngui,
c) Khi lnh (Block):
L chui cc lnh y thc hin mt th tc di chuyn hoc mt tc v
hot ng ca my. Khi lnh c coi l n v c bn ca chng trnh NC.
Cu trc in hnh ca khi lnh nh sau:

N__ G__ X__ Y__ M__ S__ T__ EOB(;)



V d:
N05 G21 : h mt
N10 G90 G00 X0 Y0 : ta tuyt i, chy dao nhanh n (0,0)
N15 G91 X30. : ta tng i, chy dao nhanh n (30,20)
N20 G01 X20. Y40. F120 : ni suy ng thng n ta (20,40), tc chy
dao 120 mmpm
N30 X-30. Y-10. : ta tng i, ni suy ng thng n (-30,10)
N10 G90 G00 X0 Y0 : ta tuyt i, chy dao nhanh v (0,0)
S th t
khi lnh
Lnh G Lnh kch thc Lnh ph
Lnh tc
trc chnh
Lnh chn
dng c ct
K t kt thc
khi lnh
Lp trnh Phay CNC
PHNG THC HNH CAD/CAM/CNC 3
d) Cu trc chng trnh NC:
C 2 lai chng trnh:
- Chng trnh chnh (main program)
- Chng trnh con (subprogram): L chng trnh ph c gi t
chng trnh chnh, thng dng khi trong chng trnh chnh c nhiu
on lp li.
Cu trc tng qut ca chng trnh NC bao gm:
- u tp tin (Tape start): k t (%) khai bo bt u tp tin chng
trnh.
- Nhn tp tin (Leader section): tiu tp tin chng trnh.
- u chng trnh (Program start) : k t khai bo bt u chng trnh.
- Thn chng trnh (Program section): cc lnh gia cng.
- Ch thch (Command section): ch dn hoc ch thch cho ngi vn
hnh.
- Cui tp tin (Tape end): k t khai bo kt thc tp tin chng trnh.
1.2. Cc phng thc lp trnh NC
Theo s tr gip ca my tnh i vi lp trnh, c th phn bit 2 phng thc
lp trnh NC: Lp trnh trc tip (khng c tr gip ca my tnh) v lp trnh t
ng (c tr gip ca my tnh).
a) Lp trnh trc tip:
Ngi lp trnh c th t bin son chng trnh NC trn c s nhn dng hon
ton chnh xc ta chy dao. Thng s dng cho cc trng hp gia cng
n gin. Vic truyn chng trnh NC vo b nh ca h iu khin my bng 2
phng php:
- Nhp t cc thit b ngoi: a mm, bng t, cng giao tip (hnh a)
Lp trnh Phay CNC
PHNG THC HNH CAD/CAM/CNC 4
- Nhp t Panel iu khin theo ch MDI (Manual Data Input) (hnh b)

b) Lp trnh t ng:
Ngi lp trnh s dng ngn ng h tr lp trnh hoc phn mm CAD/CAM nh
cng c tr gip chuyn i t ng d liu hnh hc v d liu cng ngh
thnh chng trnh NC. C 3 phng php:
- Lp trnh bng phn mm NC (hnh a)
- Lp trnh bng ngn ng x l hnh hc: APT (hnh b)
- Lp trnh bng phn mm CAD/CAM


1.3. Lp trnh theo cng ngh CAD/CAM
L phng php lp trnh t ng ph bin nht hin nay. Phng php lp trnh
ny cho php ta to nn c cc chng trnh gia cng nhng chi tit rt phc
tp mt cch d dng, chnh xc. V c bn, CAD/CAM bao gm 2 thnh phn.
- CAD : xc lp hnh hc chi tit gia cng, to nn m hnh vt th cn gia
cng bao gm: cc im, ng, b mt, khi.
- CAM : s dng d liu hnh hc sn phm to ng chy dao v thc
hin chc nng qun l v iu khin sn xut nh lp trnh ch to, lp
k hoch sn xut, qun l cht lng, hoch nh ngun lc sn xut,
Lp trnh Phay CNC
PHNG THC HNH CAD/CAM/CNC 5
Quy trnh lp trnh NC theo cng ngh CAD/CAM gm cc bc c bn
sau:
a) Thit k mu gia cng trn phn mm CAD
b) Xc lp tin trnh gia cng
c) La chn cng ngh gia cng NC (phng thc chy dao) cho tng bc
gia cng
d) Xc lp thng s NC cho chc nng gia cng NC tng ng
e) Thc thi trnh x l i vi chc nng gia cng NC to ng chy dao
(toolpath generation)
f) Thc thi trnh hu x l (post processing) bin dch d liu chy dao
thnh chng trnh NC (M G, M).

1.4. Nhp/xut chng trnh NC
Phng php nhp/xut chng trnh NC ph bin hin nay l dng ng truyn
trc tip RS-232-C nhp/xut d liu t my tnh sang my CNC v ngc li.

Nhp/xut d liu qua RS-232-C
Lp trnh Phay CNC
PHNG THC HNH CAD/CAM/CNC 6

CHNG 2: LP TRNH PHAY NC

2.1. Cc im chun trong my phay CNC


Ngi vn hnh my phay CNC thng quan tm n 3 thng s chnh: im
khng ca my (Machine zero - M), im khng ca chi tit hay phi
(Workpiece zero - W), v im thay dao (Tool change point).

Lp trnh Phay CNC
PHNG THC HNH CAD/CAM/CNC 7
2.2. H ta trong my phay CNC
Qui tc bn tay phi xc nh chiu trong my phay CNC:
Lng bn tay quay v pha ngi vn hnh: (quy c trc chnh chuyn ng cn
bn my ng yn ti v trong thc t th bn my chuyn ng theo 2 phng
x, y cn trc chnh ch chuyn ng theo phng z)
Ngn tay gia ch chiu dng trc Z lun hng v pha trc chnh.
Ngn tay tr ch chiu dng trc Y.
Ngn tay ci ch chiu dng trc X.
xc nh chiu quay a ngn ci theo chiu dng ca trc, cc ngn
tay cn li nm theo chiu quay dng ca trc quay. Qui c tn gi
ca cc trc quay quanh X, Y, Z ln lt l A, B, C.
2.3. Lnh ci t h to tuyt i (G92)
- Cu trc: G92 XxYyZz ;
x,y,z l ta hin thi ca dao so vi h to cn ci t.
Lp trnh Phay CNC
PHNG THC HNH CAD/CAM/CNC 8
- Mc ch :
o ci t h ta gia cng.
o B tr s khc bit gia h ta lp trnh v h ta gia cng
V d 1:
G90 G92 X0 Y0 Z0 G90 G92 X-50. Y-70. Z0

V d 2: Lp trnh khoan 4 l su 0.5 s dng G92

N100 G90 G92 X-50. Y-70. Z0
N110 . . .
N120 G00 X30. Y40. Z2.
N130 G01 Z-10. F100.
N140 . . .

Lp trnh Phay CNC
PHNG THC HNH CAD/CAM/CNC 9
N05 G90 G17; : ta tuyt i, mt phng XY
N10 T01 M06; : thay dao hin ti bng dao s 1
N15 G92 X-6.25 Y3.23 Z4.55;: nh ngha gc ta
N20 G00 X1.5 Y1.; : chy dao nhanh ti H1
N25 Z0.2; : tin dao nhanh ti Z0.2
N30 G01 Z-0.5 F7.5; : khoan l H1 su 0.5, tc 7.5
N35 G00 Z0.2; : thot dao v Z0.2
N40 Y4.; : chy dao nhanh ti H2
N45 G01 Z-0.5 F7.5; : khoan l H2 su 0.5
N50 G00 Z0.2; : thot dao v Z0.2
N55 X6.; : chy dao nhanh ti H3
N60 G01 Z-0.5 F7.5; : khoan l H3 su 0.5
N65 G00 Z0.2; : thot dao v Z0.2
N70 Y1.; : chy dao nhanh ti H4
N75 G01 Z-0.5 F7.5; : khoan l H4 su 0.5
N80 G00 Z0.2; : thot dao v Z0.2
N85 X-6.25 Y3.23 Z4.55; : chy dao nhanh tr v gc my
N90 G90 X0 Y0 Z0; : thit lp li h ta my
N95 M30; : kt thc chu trnh

V d 3: Lp trnh khoan 4 l su 0.5 s dng G92 trong trng hp h ta
gia cng khng trng vi h ta lp trnh.


Chng trnh:


N05 G90 G17; : ta tuyt i, mt phng XY
N10 T02 M06; : thay dao hin ti bng dao s 2
N15 G00 X0 Y0; : chy dao nhanh ti gc h ta gia cng
N20 G92 X-6. Y-4.; : nh ngha h ta lp trnh so vi h ta chi tit
N25 G00 X0 Y-2.; : chy dao nhanh ti H1
N30 G01 Z-0.5 F5.; : khoan l H1 su 0.5, tc 5
N35 G00 Z0.2; : thot dao v Z0.2
N40 X2. Y0.; : chy dao nhanh ti H2
N45 G01 Z-0.5 F5.; : khoan l H2 su 0.5
Lp trnh Phay CNC
PHNG THC HNH CAD/CAM/CNC 10
N50 G00 Z0.2; : thot dao v Z0.2
N55 X0 Y2.; : chy dao nhanh ti H3
N60 G01 Z-0.5 F5.; : khoan l H3 su 0.5
N65 G00 Z0.2; : thot dao v Z0.2
N70 X-2. Y0; : chy dao nhanh ti H4
N75 G01 Z-0.5 F5.; : khoan l H4 su 0.5
N80 G00 Z0.2; : thot dao v Z0.2
N85 X-6. Y4.; : chy dao nhanh tr v gc h ta chi tit
N90 G90 X0 Y0; : tr v h ta chi tit
N95 M30; : kt thc chu trnh
2.4. Lnh ci t to gia cng gin tip (G54 n G59)
Khi chng trnh yu cu s dng nhiu h ta , vic thay i gi tr ta
tr nn phc tp. Phn ln cc h iu khin CNC u c kh nng xc
lp cng mt lc nhiu h ta lm vic. Lc ny ta s dng G54 - G59.
Ngoi ra, dng G54 - G59 c rt nhiu u im so vi G92, do vy khi lp
trnh gia cng a s ta s dng G54 - G59 thay cho G92. Xc nh cng
lc c ti a 6 h ta t G54 - G59.
Ch khi s dng lnh G54~G59:
i. Lnh G54 l mc nh ca h thng khi khi ng.
ii. Dng G54 - G59 vi X, Y, Z- trong cng mt khi (block)
lnh, X, Y, Z l ta tng ng im 0 chi tit v dng c
ct s di chuyn ti v tr .



Lp trnh Phay CNC
PHNG THC HNH CAD/CAM/CNC 11
Chng trnh:
%
O0001
G54;
G90 G40 G49 G80 G17 G21;
G91 G28 Z0;
G91 G28 X0 Y0;
T01 M06;
G90 S2000 M03;
G00 G43 H01 Z50.
G56;
G00 X0 Y0 M08;
G91;
G98 G83 Z-17. R1. Q3. F80.;
M98 P905;
G55;
G00 X0 Y0 M08;
G91;
G98 G83 Z-17. R1. Q3. F80.;
M98 P906;
G57;
G00 X0 Y0 M08;
G91;
G98 G83 Z-17. R1. Q3. P2000 F80.;
M98 P907;
G54;
G00 Z50. M05;
G91 G28 Z0 M09;
G90 G40 G49 G80
M30;
%
2.5. Lnh ta v kch thc
a. Ta tuyt i v ta tng i (G90/G91)
o Tuyt i G90:(ABS: absolute). Dao chuyn ng ti im ch th
xc nh bng gi tr tuyt i so vi im chun.
Cc chng trnh con:

0905
G91 G99 X0 Y0;
X20.;
X20.;
X20.;
G98 X20.;
G90 G80;
M99;
0906
G91 G99 X0 Y0;
Y15.;
Y15.;
G98 Y15.;
G90 G80;
M99;
0907
G91 G99 X20. Y0;
X-20. Y20.;
X-20. Y-20;
G98 X20. Y-20.;
G90 G80;
M99;

N10 G90;
N15 G00 X30. Y30. Z2.;
N20 G01 Z-6. F100.;
N30 X110. Y75.;
Lp trnh Phay CNC
PHNG THC HNH CAD/CAM/CNC 12

o Tng i G91: (INC: incremental). V tr hin ti ca dao c xem
l im chun cho chuyn ng k tip. Ta im ti tnh t
khong cch im trc .


b. H inch/mt (G20/G21)
- G20: v h inch: n v di inch, Lng tin dao: inch/vng hoc
inch/pht, Tc ct: feet/pht
- G21: n v h mt: n v di mm, Lng tin dao: mm/vng hoc
mm/pht, Tc ct: m/pht.

2.6. Cc lnh di chuyn dao (G00, G01, G02, G03)
C 3 phng thc di chuyn dao: chy dao nhanh (G00), ni suy ng
thng (G01), ni suy cung trn (G02, G03)
a. Chy dao nhanh (G00)
Lnh G00 ch th di chuyn dao theo hnh trnh thng, vi tc chy dao
nhanh ti v tr xc nh bi t kch thc IP.
- C php: G00 Xx Yy Zz ;
Vd: G00 X100.Y100. Z50.
- C 2 hnh thc chy dao nhanh: Chuyn ng trong mt phng XY v
chuyn ng tin dao theo phng Z, trong lu vn tin dao v
thot dao). Hnh trnh chy dao nhanh c thc hin trc tip theo
ng thng ti im ch th.
N10 G00 X30. Y30. Z2.;
N15 G91;
N20 G01 Z-8. F100.;
N30 X80. Y45.;
Lp trnh Phay CNC
PHNG THC HNH CAD/CAM/CNC 13
- Lnh G00 dng nh v nhanh dao ct n v tr cn thit thc
hin gia cng ti .


b. Chy dao ni suy thng vi F nh trc (G01)
Lnh G01 ch th di chuyn dao theo bin dng thng, vi tc nh
ngha bi hm Ff (feedrate), ti v tr xc nh bi t kch thc IP.
- Nu khng xc nh F, xem nh F=0 => khng di chuyn;
Ff c s dng cho n khi c gi tr mi c xc lp.
G01 c dng gia cng theo cc ng thng
- Cu trc: G01 Xx Yy Zz Ff;
Th d: G01 X100.Y100. F200.;
X12.Y2.5 ;
N90 X30. Y65. Z12.;
N95 G90;
N100 G00 X105. Y35. Z2.;


N90 X30. Y65. Z12.;
N95 G91;
N100 G00 X75. Y-30. Z-10.;


Lp trnh Phay CNC
PHNG THC HNH CAD/CAM/CNC 14

c. Chy dao ni suy theo cung trn thun chiu kim ng h (G02)
Lnh G02, ch th di chuyn dao theo bin dng cung trn vi tc f c
nh ngha bi lnh F ti v tr xc nh bi t kch thc IP.
- C th lp trnh ni suy cung trn theo 2 phng php: phng php
I-J-K v Phng php R.
- Cu trc: G02 IP I_ J_K_F;
G02 IP R_F;



N90 G90
N95 G00 X30. Y30. Z2.;
N100 G01 Z-6. F100.;
N105 X110. Y75.;


N90 G00 X30. Y30. Z2.;
N95 G91;
N100 G01 Z-8. F100.;
N105 X80. Y45.;



IP : ta im cui cung trn
I, J, K: ta tm cung trn so vi im u.
Cch xc nh: tnh t im u v tm cung trn,
nu theo chiu dng trc x, y, z th I, J, K ly gi
tr dung; ngc li ly gi tr m.
R : bn knh cung trn (R ly gi tr dng nu
cung nh hn 180 , R ly gi tr m nu cung
ln hn 180 )

Lp trnh Phay CNC
PHNG THC HNH CAD/CAM/CNC 15

d. Chy dao theo cung trn ngc chiu kim ng h (G03)
Lnh G03 ch th di chuyn dao theo bin dng cung trn vi tc f c
nh ngha bi lnh F ti v tr xc nh bi t kch thc IP.
- C th lp trnh ni suy cung trn theo 2 phng php: phng php I-
J-K v Phng php R.
- Cu trc: G03 IP I_ J_K_F;
G03 IP R_F;







IP : ta im cui cung trn
I, J, K: ta tm cung trn so vi
im u
R : bn knh cung trn (R ly gi
tr dng nu cung nh hn 180 ,
R ly gi tr m nu cung ln hn 180
)

F100.
F100.
Lp trnh Phay CNC
PHNG THC HNH CAD/CAM/CNC 16

F100.
F100.
Lp trnh theo R:
-
R>0 khi cung trn nh
hn 180
0
- R<0 khi cung trn ln
hn 180
0

Lp trnh Phay CNC
PHNG THC HNH CAD/CAM/CNC 17
V d 1: S dng phng php I, J, K lp trnh qu o chy dao theo hnh sau:

N50 G90; : ta tuyt i
N55 G00 X-1. Y-1.; : chy dao nhanh n S
N60 G01 X0 Y0 F100.; : ni suy ng thng ti A vi tc 100 mm/p
N65 Y2.134; : gia cng ti B
N70 G03 X0.5 Y3. I-0.5 J0.866; :ni suy cung trn gia cng ti C
N75 X0 Y3.866 I-1. J0; : gia cng ti D
N80 G01 Y5.5; : ni suy ng thng gia cng ti E
N85 G02 X0.5 Y6. I0.5 J0; : ni suy cung trn gia cng ti F
N90 G01 X4.5; : ni suy ng thng gia cng ti G
N95 G02 X6. Y4.5 I0 J-1.5; : ni suy cung trn gia cng ti H
N100 G01 Y0; : ni suy ng thng gia cng ti I
N105 X0; : ni suy ng thng gia cng ti A
N110 G00 X-1. Y-1.; : chy dao nhanh v S
Lp trnh Phay CNC
PHNG THC HNH CAD/CAM/CNC 18
V d 2: S dng phng php R lp trnh qu o chy dao theo hnh sau:



Chng trnh:

N05 G90 G21; : ta tuyt i, h mt
N10 T01 M06 : thay dao
N15 G92 X100. Y86. Z95.;: nh ngha gc h ta gia cng ti A
N20 G00 X0 Y0 Z0 S2500 M03; : chy dao nhanh ti A, trc chnh quay 2500
v/p, cng chiu kim ng h
N25 Z12.5; : tin dao n Z12.5
N30 G01 Z-12.5 F150.; : n dao n Z-12.5, t 150 mm/p
N35 X-20. Y30.; : gia cng t A ti B
N40 G02 X10. Y100. R80.;: ni suy cung trn gia cng t B ti C
N45 G01 X140. Y60.; : ni suy ng thng gia cng t C ti D
N50 G02 X150. Y0 R50.; : ni suy cung trn gia cng t D ti E
N55 G01 X0 Y0; : ni suy ng thng gia cng t E ti A
N60 G00 Z12.5 ; : thot dao v Z12.5
N65 G91 G28 Z0 M05; : tr v im tham chiu theo phng Z, dng trc
chnh
N70 G91 G28 X0 Y0; : tr v im tham chiu theo phng XY
N75 M30; : kt thc chng trnh

Lp trnh Phay CNC
PHNG THC HNH CAD/CAM/CNC 19

V d 3: S dng phng php R lp trnh qu o chy dao theo hnh sau:




Chng trnh:

N05 G90 G21; : ta tuyt i, h mt
N10 T01 M06; : thay dao
N15 G00 X-2. Y1. ; : chy dao nhanh
N20 G01 X0 Y0 F0.8; : ni suy ng thng gia cng ti A
N25 Y40.; : ni suy ng thng gia cng ti B
N40 G02 X2. Y6. R2.; : ni suy cung trn gia cng ti C
N45 G01 X80.; : ni suy ng thng gia cng ti D
N50 G02 X9. Y2.258 R2.; : ni suy cung trn gia cng ti E
N55 G01 X0 Y0; : ni suy ng thng gia cng ti A
N60 G00 X-2. Y-1. ; : chy dao nhanh tr v v tr ban u
N65 G91 G28 Z0; : tr v im tham chiu theo phng Z,
N70 G91 G28 X0 Y0; : tr v im tham chiu theo phng XY
N75 M05; : dng trc chnh
N80 M02; : dng chng trnh
N75 M30; : kt thc chng trnh
Lp trnh Phay CNC
PHNG THC HNH CAD/CAM/CNC 20

2.7. Lnh tr v im tham chiu (G28, G29, G30)
Lnh G28: ch th chy dao nhanh t im hin thi ti im trung gian v
sau tr v im gc my. C cc nh dng sau:
o Tr v im tham chiu theo 1 trc: G28 Zz;
o Tr v im tham chiu theo hai trc: G28 Xx Yy;
o Tr v im tham chiu theo 3 trc: G28 Xx Yy Zz;
Lu :
- G28 thng s dng vi mode G91.
- G28 lm dao di chuyn nhanh bt chp ch trc .
V d: G91 G28 Z0 : tr v im tham chiu theo phng z;
G91 G28 X0 Y0 : tr v im tham chiu theo phng XY.


Lnh G29: ch th thc hin chy dao nhanh t im gc my ti im
trung gian v sau n im X_Y_Z_.
nh dng: G29 X_Y_Z_;
Lp trnh Phay CNC
PHNG THC HNH CAD/CAM/CNC 21
Lu : G29 s dng im trung gian c nh ngha bi G28, do G29
s dng sau G28. Lnh G29 thng s dng sau khi thay dao, di chuyn
dao ti v tr xut pht bt
u chng trnh gia cng
mi.






V d:

N45 G01 X2.0 Y2.0; gia cng
ti im A
N50 G90 G28 X2.0 Y10.5; tr
v im tham chiu R i qua
im trung gian B
N55 T2 M6; thay dao
N70 G29 X1.0 Y3.0; tr v C t
im tham chiu R qua im
trung gian B



Lnh G30: Dng tr v im tham chiu th 2,3,4 (tng ng vi a ch
Pp) v i qua im trung gian xc nh bi lnh kch thc IP.
Lp trnh Phay CNC
PHNG THC HNH CAD/CAM/CNC 22
nh dng: G30 Pp X_Y_Z_;
Khi Pp = 2 -> tr v im tham chiu th 2;
Tng t cho Pp =3 hay Pp =4
X_Y_Z_.;: ch im trung gian
V d 1:
G91G30P2X0Y0Z0: tr v im tham chiu th 2.











2.8. Chn mt phng di chuyn (G17, G18, G19)
C 3 mt phng gia cng chnh:XY,ZX,YZ
- G17: mt phng XY c nhn t chiu Z+ n Z-
- G18: mt phng ZX c nhn t chiu Y+ n Y-
- G19: mt phng YZ c nhn t chiu X+ n X-

2.9. Khi ng v ngng trc chnh (M03/M04 v M05)
- C php: M03 /M04 S1000
- Gii thch: quay trc chnh cng/ ngc chiu kim ng h vi vn tc
1000 vng/pht.
V d 2:

Hin ti dao v tr A
G30 P2 X1. Y1. chuyn ng
t A n im trung gian B
v tip tc ti im tham
chiu th hai C
G30 P3 X11. Y3. chuyn
ng t A n im trung
gian D v tip tc ti im
tham chiu th ba E

Lp trnh Phay CNC
PHNG THC HNH CAD/CAM/CNC 23
- M05: ngng quay trc chnh (ngng chng trnh)
2.10. Lnh s vng quay trc chnh Ss
- Xc lp s vng quay ca trc chnh (vng/pht)
V d: M03 /M04 S1500
2.11. Lnh thay i dng c ct
- C php: Tt M06;
- Tt : nh ngha dao s hiu t cn thay. Vd: T1M06 (chn dao s 1)
- M06: lnh thay dao
- Phn ln cc my CNC yu cu thot dao theo phng Z trc khi thay
dao.
- Lnh T chn dao nhng khng thay dao, do phi dng vi lnh M06.
- Cn b tr chiu di dao do mi dao c chiu di khc nhau.
2.12. Lnh tt/m bm nc ti ngui
- M08: khi ng ti ngui (Flood)
- M09: Tt ch ti ngui
2.13. Lnh tm ngng chng trnh M00/M01
- M00: khi dng M00, chng trnh s tm dng cho n khi nt START
c nhn.
- M01: khi dng M01, chng trnh s tm dng cho n khi nt
Optional Stop c chn.
2.14. Lnh kt thc chng trnh
- M30: Kt thc chng trnh v quay li u chng trnh (thng
dng)
- M02: Kt thc chng trnh nhng khng quay li u chng trnh
2.15. Lnh tm dng di chuyn trc chnh G04Pp
- Dng tm thi dng di chuyn trc chnh trong khong thi gian p
micro giy.
V d: G04 P500
2.16. Vn tc tin bn, lng chy dao Ff
- Tc chy dao: F (feedrate); th d: F500 (500 mm/pht)
- G94 G20 F7.5 : Tc chy dao 7.5 IPM
- G95 G20 F0.02 : Tc chy dao 0.02 IPR
- G94 G21 F150. : Tc chy dao 150 MMPM
Lp trnh Phay CNC
PHNG THC HNH CAD/CAM/CNC 24
- G95 G21 F1.2 : Tc chy dao 1.2 MMPR
2.17. Lnh gi chng trnh con (Sub-program call)
- C php: M98 P_ _ _ _ _ _ _;
- T lnh P kt hp vi s hiu chng trnh
- 3 s u sau P l s ln thc hin chng trnh con. 4 s tip theo ch
s chng trnh con.
V d: M98 P050003;: gi chng trnh con O0003 v lp li 05 ln
- Cui chng trnh con l lnh M99, iu khin dng chng trnh quay
li ni gi chng trnh con (chng trnh chnh).
2.18. B tr bn knh dao G41, G42, G40
- iu khin s yu cu lp trnh theo ta tm dao (tool center
coordinate) nhng khi gia cng chi tit s dng im bin dao ct. Do
vy, nu lp trnh theo kch thc trn bn v th phi dch chnh dao
i mt on bng bn knh dao. Php dch chnh trn gi l b tr bn
knh (radius compensation).
- Lp trnh b tr bn knh c thc hin bi lnh G41, G42. Hy b tr
dng lnh G40.
G41: b tr bn knh bn tri mi dao
G42: b tr bn knh bn phi mi dao
G40: Hy b tr bn knh mi dao.
- Cu trc: G01/G00 G41/G42 Xx Yy Hh Ff ;
- ng dng ca b tr bn knh:
o Dao gia cng khc dao lp trnh. Thay v vit li chng trnh, ngi
vn hnh ch cn thay i gi tr b tr.
o Phi thay dao gy v khng c dao tng t nh lp trnh.
o S thay i kch thc do dao b mn, hoc mi v sa li.
o Thc hin gia cng th v tinh cho cng mt chng trnh.
Lu :
- Phi xc nh mt phng gia cng trc khi thc hin b tr.
- Lng b tr
c xc nh
bi a ch D v
c ci vo b
nh my
(offset) trc
khi s dng.
Lp trnh Phay CNC
PHNG THC HNH CAD/CAM/CNC 25

That ch b tr bn knh G40

V d 1: lp trnh c b tr bn knh dao


N1 G91 ... Incremental coord. setting
N2 G01 Z-2.5 F150. ... Z-axis, depth of cut = 2.5 mm
N3 G17 F300. ... X-Y cutting plane setting
N4 G41 D10. Y30. ... A, tool radius compensation start
N5 Y100. ... A~B linear cutting
N6 X30. Y40. ... B~C linear cutting
50
40
30
50
10

40
30 40 80 40
S
I
A
H G F
M
O
P
K L
N
4
B
E
C D
J 30
50
Y
X
Lp trnh Phay CNC
PHNG THC HNH CAD/CAM/CNC 26
N7 G02 X100. I50. ... C~D circular cutting
N8 G01 X30. Y-40. ... D~E linear cutting
N9 Y-100. ... E~F linear cutting
N10 X-40. ... F~G linear cutting
N11 G03 X-80. R50. ... G~H circular cutting
N12 G01 X-70. ... H~I linear cutting
N14 Z2.5 ... Z-axis, tool raised by 2.5 mm
N15 G40 ... Compensation cancelled for comp. direction
change
N16 M01 ... Option stop
N17 G0 X130. Y90. F200. ... Move to point N
N18 G01 Z-2.5 F150. ... Z-axis, depth of cut = 2.5 mm
N19 G42 Y-40. F300. ... N~O linear cutting
N20 X-60. ... O~J linear cutting
N21 Y30. ... J~K linear cutting
N22 G02 X80. I40. ... K~L circular cutting
N23 G01 Y-30. ... L~M linear cutting
N24 X-60. ... M~P linear cutting
N25 Z2.5 ... Z-axis, tool raised by 2.5 mm
N26 G40 X-60. Y-80. ... Radius comp. cancel, move to start point S
N27 M02 ... Program end


2.19. B tr chiu di dao (G43, G44, G49)
- C php: G43 /G44 Z_H_
Hay G43 /G44 H_
- G49 : hy b tr chiu di dao
L php hiu chnh theo phng trc z kh s
khc bit gia chiu di dao thc t v chiu di
dao lp
trnh.




Lp trnh Phay CNC
PHNG THC HNH CAD/CAM/CNC 27
ng dng ca b tr chiu di dao:

- Dng nhiu dao trong mt chng trnh, ta ci t to gia cng
(G54) cho mt dao no , cc dao cn li phi dng b tr chiu di.
- Ct nhiu lp khc nhau vi cng mt chng trnh. Lc ny ta dng
lng b tr dao nh chiu su ct cho cc lp.
Lnh G43: b tr dng (modal):
Khi s dng G43, gi tr b tr xc nh bi m H_ s c cng vo gi
tr ta ch nh bi cu lnh trong chng trnh. Tc l dao c nng
ln theo chiu dng mt on xc nh bi Hh. Vy G43 dng khi dao
thc t di hn dao lp trnh (dao ci t ta ).
V d: Khi H1 gn gi tr 20.0; H2 gn gi tr 30.0
Cu lnh:
G90 G43 Z100.0 H1 ; Z s di chuyn n 120.0
G90 G43 Z100.0 H2 ; Z s di chuyn n 130.0
Lnh G44: b tr theo chiu m
- Khi s dng G44, gi tr b tr xc nh bi m H s b tr bi gi tr
ta ch nh bi cu lnh trong chng trnh. Tc l dao c h
thp theo chiu m mt on xc nh bi Hh. Vy G44 dng khi dao
thc t ngn hn dao lp trnh (dao ci t ta ).
V d: H1 gn gi tr 20.0; H2 gn gi tr 30.0
G90 G44 Z100.0 H1 ; Z s di chuyn n 80.0
G90 G44 Z100.0 H2 ; Z s di chuyn n 70.0
- Lnh G49 : hy b tr chiu di dao
Tuy nhin ta cng c th s dng H00 hy b chiu di. H00 lun c
ngha l 0.

V d 1:

N1 G00 Z0.
N2 G0 X1. Y2.
N3 G43 Z-20. H10.
N4 G01 Z-30. F200.
N5 G49 Z0.




Lp trnh Phay CNC
PHNG THC HNH CAD/CAM/CNC 28
V d 2:

N1 G00 X-2. Y-2.
N2 G44 Z-30. H1.
N3 G01 Z-40.
N4 G49 Z0.
2.20. Chu trnh khoan tm G81
Cu trc: G98/G99 G81 IP R_F_;
R: im reference (thng l im cch b mt cao nht ca phi)

V d: Vit chng trnh khoa tm 4 l [(10,20), (10,-20), (-10,20), (-10, -20)],
su 3mm, s vng quay 500 vng/ pht, tc 20 mm/ pht, s dng dao s 1,
phun dung dch trn ngui.

Chng trnh:
%
O0001
G91 G28 Z0.;
G91 G30 Z0.;
T01 M06;
G40 G49 G80 G17 G21;
G90 G54 G00 X0 Y0;
G43 H01 Z50.;
S500 M03;
G98 G81 X10. Y20. Z-3. R1. F20. M08
Y-20.;
X-10. Y20.;
Y-29.;
G00 Z50. M09;
G91 G28 Z0;
M05;
M30;
2.21. Chu trnh khoan l su G83
Cu trc: G98/G99 G83 IP R_Q_F_;
R: im referencce (thng l im cch b mt cao nht
ca phi)
Q: chiu su khoan
V d: Vit chng trnh khoan 4 l ng knh 4mm
[(10,20), (10,-20), (-10,20), (-10, -20)], su 15mm, s
vng quay 400 vng/ pht, tc 25 mm/ pht, s dng
dao s 2, phun dung dch trn ngui.

Chng trnh:
%
O0002
G91 G28 Z0.;
G91 G30 Z0.;
T02 M06;
G40 G49 G80 G17 G21;
G90 G54 G00 X0 Y0;
G43 H02 Z50.;
Lp trnh Phay CNC
PHNG THC HNH CAD/CAM/CNC 29
S400 M03;
G98 G83 X10. Y20. Z-15. R1. Q3. F25. M08
Y-20.;
X-10. Y20.;
Y-29.;
G00 Z50. M09;
G91 G28 Z0;
M05;
M30;
2.22. Chu trnh tar G84
Cu trc: G98/G99 G84 IP R_F_;

V d: Vit chng trnh tar 4 l M5 [(10,20), (10,-20), (-10,20), (-10, -20)],
su 10mm, bc ren 1mm/vng, s vng quay 20 vng/pht ( tc =
1mm/vng * 20 vng/pht = 20 mm/ pht), s dng dao s 3, phun dung dch
trn ngui.

Chng trnh:
%
O0003
G91 G28 Z0.;
G91 G30 Z0.;
T03 M06;
G40 G49 G80 G17 G21;
G90 G54 G00 X0 Y0;
G43 H03 Z50.;
S20 M03;
G98 G84 X10. Y20. Z-15. R1. F20. M08
Y-20.;
X-10. Y20.;
Y-29.;
G00 Z50. M09;
G91 G28 Z0;
M05;
M30;