Standard English Grammar

STANDARD ENGLISH GRAMMAR ACE, CGEt
NOUN - 2/51
Pronoun - 3/51
Article 7/51
Adjective 9/51
Adverbs 10/51
Verb 12/51
Conjunction 16/51
None finite Verb - 18/51
Question tags 20/51
prefixes and suffixes 22/51
Comparison of adjective and adverb 25/51
If clause and wish form 28/51
active voice and passive voice - 30/51
Preposition 33/51
Tense 35/51
Sentence and clause 41/51
Direct and indirect Speech 43/51
AGREEMENT OF SUBJECT AND VERB 49/51
8/24/13
-1WORDS

1. Noun
(
)
2.
)
Pronoun
(
3. Adjective
4.
Adverb
5. Verb
(
)
6.
Conjunction
2
)
7.
Preposition
8.
Interjection
NOUN
Noun
1. Common Noun
school .
man, dog, pen,

2. Proper Noun

Ladda, Dang, Diccky, Toyota, Thailand
3. Collective Noun

of
of

4. Material Noun

,
,
,
common Noun
Material Noun
cow, ox,
beef
5. Abstract Noun
, ,

happiness
, Slavery
, eating
1.
Subject
.
2.
Object
.
3.
Object
Preposition
(
) .
4.
Complement
.
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5.
Appositive
.
6.
Address
(

, Comma ).
7.
Possessive
(

Apostrophes )
1.
a book ,
2.
Books,
a cat etc.
cats .
etc.
1.
Masculine
Gender
2. Feminine
3.
Common
4.
Nature
Gender
boy, man.etc.

girl, woman etc.
Gender
Teacher, Studentetc.

pen, desketc.
Gender
1.

Boy
2.
3.

Boy-friend
ess
Girl

Prince
Princess
girl-friend
4.

Grand-father
Grand-mother
.
Pronoun
Pronoun (
)

(
,
),
, ,
Pronoun
1. Personal Pronoun
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2. Possessive Pronoun
3. Definite
Pronoun
4. Indefinite Pronoun
5. Interrogative Pronoun
6. Relative Pronoun
7. Reflexive Pronoun

8. Distributive Pronoun
1. Personal Pronoun
2 3
we
you
he,
you
she,
it
the
Personal Pronoun
Me
My
mine
myself
We
us
Our
ours
ourselves
You
you
Your
yours
yourself
He
him
his
his
himself
she
her
Her
hers
herself
It
It
its
its
itself
they
them
there
theirs
themselves
2. Possessive Pronoun
2.1

Your book is green, mine is red.
2.2

this pencil is mine, that one is your.
2.3
(
A
night.
friend of yours was killed last

3. Definite Pronoun

6
(
which )
this,
These,
that,
one
those, ones
4. Indefinite pronoun

Definite Pronoun)
some, any, all, someone, somebody, anybody, few, everyone, many, nobody,
everybody,
otheretc.
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everybody, otheretc.

5. Interrogative pronoun

Who , whom, whose , what, which
Who ()
. Who is standing
there ?
?.

Whom ()
(
Who ).
Whom do you love ?
?.

Whose ()

. Whose is the car ?
What ()

:-
What delayed you ?
.
-

What
What
do you want ?
Which (
)
, ,
Which is the best?
?.(
Whose ,which, what

6. Relative Pronoun

Who, Whom, Whose, Which, Where, what, when, why, that .

Who (

The man who came here last

week is my cousin.
Whom (

The boy whom you saw
yesterday is my brother.
Whose (
..)
Whose
Whose
The girl whose father is a teacher goes to school every day.
.(
Father).

Which (
,)
The animal
which has wing is
a bird.
has wings) The kitten which I gave to my aunt is very
naughty.
.(
gave
I gave to my aunt).
Where (

The night club is the place where is
not suitable for children.
is not suitable for

children ) The hotel is the place where I like best .
.(
like).

What (,
What

I know what is in the box.
When (
,
)
,,
,
Sunday is the day when we dont work.
Why (
)
reason )
This is the reason why I go to Hong
Kong.
.
,
That (
,)
, ,
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1.

He is the tallest man that I
have ever seen.
2.

China is the first country that I am going to visit.
.
3.

She has much money that she give me.
4.
someone, somebody, something, anyone, anything,

anybody, anyone, everything, no one, nothing, etc.
There is nothing that I can do for you.
.
7. Reflexive Pronoun

5
myself, yourself, .
Themselves.
:1.
I
.
myself study English.
2.

I will punish myself if I do mistakes

.
3.
spoke
to the President himself .
.
4.

by

Pranee
makes her dress by herself.
8. Distributive Pronoun
each
, either
, neither
There are ten boy each has one hundred bath.
10
100 .
|

|
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-2Article
Article

Article
)
Article
1.
Indefinite Article

A , An.
2.
Definite Article
The .
1.
2.

3.

4.

a book, a man, a bus, a
pen
*

A
AN
(H
)

AN
AN
1.
2.
3.
A , E , I , O , U.
4.
*

AN
(U E
).
A AN

1.
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2.

THE
The
,
The
1.

The
2.

The

3.
4.

The

The
)
5.
6.
7.

The

The

.
The water in the bottle is very poor.

the
1.
2.

the
(

,,
,
,
,
,

a, an, the
)
the
When you go out, dont forget to close a door.
(
).
When you go out, dont forget to close the door.
().

a, an, the
-

a,
an
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A boy like to see monkey.
.
-

the
The man in this room is our teacher.
.
*
a , an
the
A black cat, the cat is fat.
a, an
the
Article
Adjective
()
Good, tall,
Adj.
fat ..etc.
2
Adj.
1.
Adj.

The
A
fat man cant run quick.

clever boy can answer a difficult problem.
2.
Verb to be

.
Somsri is beautiful.
My
dog is black.
*

Adj. 1 2

Adj.
Adj.
Adj.
Adj.
1. Descriptive Adj.
)
Good, fat,
tall, thin, rich ,etc.
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2. Proper Adj.
(
)
Adj.
Thai ( Thailand), English (

England)
3. Quantitative Adj.
many, much, little, some, any, all .

He has many friend
.
4. Numeral Adj.
One, Two,
Three
5. Demonstrative Adj.
the, same, this, that, these, those, such,

such a .
He is in the same room.
.
6. Possessive Adj.
3 )

my, your, our, his,

.
her, its, there .
His dog is white.
7. Interrogative Adj.
What (), Which () ,Whose ()

Whose house is
that ?
?.
8.
Distributive Adj.
each, (
), either (
,
),
neither (
), every (
)
Either blank is flooded.
Adjective
Adverbs
Adverbs

,
Adverbs

Adverbs
-

The old man walk slowly.
-
Dang is very strong.

-
Adverbs
Adverbs
The train runs very
fast.
Adverbs
Adverbs
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1. Simple Adverbs
6
1. Adverbs
yesterday, ...
of time
2. Adverbs of place
now, ago,
near, far, in,
out,
always,
3. Adverbs of frequency
often, again,
usually,
4. Adverbs of Manner
well,
slowly, quickly, fast..
5. Adverbs of Quantity
Many, much, very, too, quite

6. Adverbs of affirmation or negation
yes, no, not, not at all
2. Interrogative Adverbs
1.
When (
), How long (
).
2.
Where (
).
3.
How many (
), How often (
4.
How (
)(
)..
do).
5.
How much (
).
6.
Why (
).
3.Conjunctive Adverbs
Why, Where, When, How, Whenever, While , As,

Wherever..
Adverbs
Adj.

fast,
hard, low, right, etc
Verb to be
Adj.
-
Adverbs.
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Adverbs
Verb
Verb (
)
Tense (
)
Voice (
) Mood (
)
Verb
1.
Transitive Verb
2.
Intransitive
Verb
3.
Auxiliary Verb
Tens, Voice, Mood.
1.

Kick (), Eat (
)
.
1.

A mango.
2
Him.
3.
(
)
To study.

4.
ing
sleeping.
5.

I dont know what to do.
6.

I know who will come tomorrow.
*

The people made him king. (
)
.
2.

Run, sleep, swim, sit.

Verb to
be (
,
,
) Verb to have (

) Become
),
) Look (
Seem (
), Feel (
) Taste (
) Appear
) Smell (
(,
) , Grow (
)
.
3.
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Mood, Voice, Tense
24
.
Is, am, are, was, were
Have, has, had,
Do, dose, did
Will, would
Shall, should
Can, could
May, might
Must
Need
Dear
Ought to, us to.
*

24

.
Ladda is a beautifily girl.
().
Ladda is drinking water.
(
).
Verb to be
Verb to be
1.
Ing
Continuous
tense.
3 (
2.
A glass is

broken.
.
3.
Infinitive

I am to see my home every

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year.
Verb to do
Verb to
.
1.
Verb to have
Verb to be
Verb to do
2.
1
(
ing do, dose )
3.
.
4.
.
5.
Verb to do
Verb to have
Verb to have
1.
Perfect tense.

2.

I have to meet you tomorrow.
3.
Have + noun + Verb 3 .

He has his house
repaired.
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Will, shall, would, should.

Will
Shall
2, 3.
I, We.
Would
1.
will
2.

3.
Better
rather
Should
.
1.
Shall .
2. Should
May, Might
May
.
1.
)
2.

(
)*

.
3.
()
4.
().
5.
().
Might
1.
May.
2.

May ).
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Need
Need

Need

To
).

Need

""
To Need ).
Dear
To.
Dear

Ought to
Ought to

is
do
should

.
Used to
Used to

1

used to
is
do).
Verb
Conjunction
Conjunction (
)
Conjunction
1.
Conjunction
2.
Conjunction
Conjunction
and, or,
but, because, so, as, for, whether, until, after, before, if, though,
that, when, beside
He is sick so he go to see doctor.
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Conjunction
- Either.or
Either he or I am mistaken.
.

- Neither..or

).

Neither you nor he studies mathematics.
- As well as
"
" (
He
as well as I is sick
.
- Not onlybut also
..

) (
2
Malisa is not only beautiful but
also clever.
Conjunction
|

|
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-3None finite Verb

None finite Verb
.
None finite Verb
1. Infinitive
2. Gerund
3. Participle
Infinitive
3

.
[ to Verb 1].
[Verb + ing]
[ Verb + ing , Verb 3]
To
1.

To walk in the morning is good for
health.
2.

He like to speak English with his friend.
3.

She has to go now.
4.
(

)
5.
.
6.
*
Infinitive

To
Infinitive with out
to
do, does, did ,

will, would,
shall, should, can, could, may,
might, must, need, dear

to
(
is,
am, are, was, were, has, have, had, infinitive

to
.
(
Gerund
ing
)
Walking, studying etc.
Verbal noun
1.
Swimming is
good exercise.
2.
She remembered seeing
me.
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3.
We are found of learning
English.
4.
His duty is
cleaning.
5.
)

Hyphen (-)

Reading-room, Swimming pool etc.

*
Gerund Infinitive
Gerund Infinitive
Participle
ing

3

.
1. Present Participle
1
ing
Going, walking, eating, sleeping, coming,
etc.
.
1.
Verb to be
Continuous
tense.
2.
.
3.
).
4.
2. Past Participle
ed.

Walked, slept,
gone . ..etc.
.
1.
Verb to have
Perfect
tense.
2.
Verb to be
(Passive voice).
3.
4.
5.

.
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3. Perfect Participle
Having + Verb 3
Having finish + Past Simple Tense
Perfect Participle

(,)

Non-finite Verb
Question tags
Question tags
Question tags
1.
Comma (,)
Question
tags
2.

Question tags
.
3.

Question tags
4.
24
Question tags
.
5.
24
Question tags
Verb to do
.
6.
Question tags Question tags

Question tags
.
7. Question tags
24
not

do not
= dont
does not
will not
shall not
are not
=
=
doesnt
wont
=
=
shant
arent
etc.
*
need, dear
Question tags

Verb to do .
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*

Used to
Question tags

used

did
(
Verb to have

).

Question tags
, ,

.
., Will you ?

Question tags
Lets, Let me
Question tags
Lets , Let me
...........,
Shall we ?
Let me
Question tags
, Will you ?
Question tags

Yes,
No

2
1. [Short Answer].
2. [long Answer].
Yes, I am
, No, he isnt.
Yes, I am a student. , No he isnt
here.
Question tags
4/15
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prefixes
and suffixes
prefixes

prefixes
10

(1) Un (
)
(adj.)
(adv.)
happy (
unhappy (
wise ()
unwise (
)
suitable ()
unsuitable (
(2) Im (
)
( adj.)
possible (
)
proper (
)
pure (
impossible (
improper (
impure (
(3) In (
)
(adj.)

direct ()
complete (
)
expensive ()
indirect (
)
incomplete (
inexpensive (
)
(4) Re (
)
write (
)
rewrite (
speak (
)
respeak (
birth (
)
rebirth
(5) Dis (
)

like ()
dislike (
)
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appear ()
agree
use
(
)
()
disappear(
)
disagree
disuse
(
)
(6) Mis (
)
understand ()
spell ()
call (
)
misunderstand(
)
misspell (
)
miscall (
(7) per (
)

pay (
)
history (
prepay (
prehistory (
(8)
(9)
Tri ()
Bi ()
angle (
)
triangle (
)
cycle ()
tricycle ()
cycle ()
bicycle ()
polar ()
bipolar (
)
sexual ()
(10)
En
bisexual (
)
camp (
)
sure
(
)
encamp (
)
ensure ()
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large
(
)
enlarge
Suffix

8
.
1. er (
)

teach ()
run (
)
speaker (
or (
)
act (
)
actor (
)
govern ()
governor (
,
direct (
)
3.
runner (
speak (
)
2.
teacher (
,
director(
en (
)

.
gold ()
wood ()
light (
)
4. ly (
)
golden (
)
wooden (
)
lighten (
slow ()
quick (
)
happy (
slowly (
)
quickly (
happily (
5 ful (
)

.
beauty ()
use ()
wonder ()
beautiful(
)
useful (
wonderful()

6. less (
)
...
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job()
live (
could ()
jobless (
lifeless (
)
coldness()
7. ness ()
happy (
happiness (
)
light ()
lightness ()
soft (
)
softness (
)
8. y (
)

sun (
sunny (
)
stone (
)
stony (
storm (
)
stormy (
prefixes an suffixes
Comparison of adjective and adverb

adjective
adverb
adjective
adverb
adjective adverb
1.
2)
2.
2)
3.
3
)
Comparison of adjective
Comparison of adjective

1.
8/15
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as + Adjective + as
as long as , as tall as, as beautiful as , as well as
This chair is as long as that one.
.(Adjective)
not so + adjective + as
: This chair is not so big as that one.
(Adjective)
: I dont work so hard as you did.
.(Adverb)

2.
Comparative adjective + than
=
....
....
taller than, bigger than, more beautiful than etc.
You are taller than I am.

He is taller than I (
than me), You are cleverer

than we.(
than us)

3.
)

the

the + Superlative adjective
=
...
the most beautiful girl, the tallest man , the biggest boy etc.
John is the tallest boy in the class.
).
er est
.
er
.
est
9/15
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tall taller tallest (

),
small smaller smallest (

)
(
er est
Comparison of adverb
Comparison of adverb
1.
as + Adverb + as
He speaks English as well as I do.
.
2.
Comparative adverb + than
=
....
....

He speaks French faster than I do.
.
*
than
(Subject)
(Object)

He
loves you more than I.
, She loves you more than me.
3.
3
(
Superlative adverb
=
...
Fastest, most slowly, hardest, most beautifully etc .
Of three us, you speak loudest.

3
er est
.
er
.
est
hard harder hardest (, ),
fast faster fastest

10/15
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(
)
(
er est
)
If clause and wish form
If clause
If clause

1.

2.
)

3.
If clause
1. Main clause ()
2. If clause (
)
If clause

Main clause
Main
clause
If clause

Tens

Tens If clause Main clause
1.
(If clause)
(Main clause)
Present Simple
Future Simple
2.
Past Simple
Future in the Past
3.

Past Perfect
Future Perfect in
the Past
11/15
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1.
If the sun rise, it will be a day.

(Imperative)
If clause
Present Simple
Tens
Tens
If you see the teacher, ask him that

problem.

2.
)
If you came here yesterday, you would see her.
) If she were a bird, she

would sing all day.

Verb to be
were

3.
If he hadnt gone there, he wouldnt have been killed.
Wish form
Wish form
1.
(Present Time)
Wish Form + Past Simple Tens

I am a poor man. I wish I were a rich man.
(
)
Wish

Past Simple Tens
2.
(Past Time)
Wish Form + Past perfect Tens

I was a poor man last year. I wish I had been a rich man last year.
.
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3.
(Future Time)
Wish Form + Future Simple in the Past

I shall study mathematics tomorrow. I wish I should study English
tomorrow.
wish

Past Simple Tens
Tens
as if
(
Present Simple
Past
Simple)
as though
(
Past Simple
Past
perfect)
if only
,

(1.
Past Simple
Future Simple in the Past 2.
Past perfect
Future perfect in the Past )

Its time + Past
... (

Past Simple Tens )
I would rather + Past

Past Simple Tens )
If clause and wish form
active voice and passive voice

Active voice

. I wrote a
letter yesterday.
Passive voice

. A letter was
written by me yesterday.
Active voice
Passive voice
1. Object Active
Subject Passive
2.
Verb to be

() Tens
Active
3.
Active
3
4. Subject Active
by
3 Passive Voice
13/15
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Active : He kicked a football yesterday.

Passive : A football was kicked by him yesterday.
Passive voice 12 Tens
Active
Passive

Tens
Present Simple
= S + is, am, are V.3 + by
Present Continuous
Present Perfect
= S + is, am, are + being + V.3 + by..

= S + has been, have been + V.3 +by
Present Per. Cont.

by.(
)
Past Simple
= S + has been, have been + being + V.3 +
= S + was, were + V.3 + by..
Pas Continuous
= S + was being, were being + V.3 + by.
Pas Perfect
= S + had been + V.3 + by..
Past per. Conti.
= S + had been being +V.3 + By..(
Future Simple
= S + will be, shall be + V.3 + by..
Future Continuous
Future Perfect
= S + will be, shall be + being + V.3 + by

= S +
will have, shall have + been + V.3
+by.
Future Per. Conti. = S + will have been being, shall have been
being + V.3 + by..(
Active Voice
Object 2
(Object) 2
(1) Direct Object

(2) Indirect Object

to

Active : The teacher gave me a book yesterday.

Passive : I was given a book by the teacher yesterday.
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Passive : A book was given to me by the teacher yesterday.
(Object)
Anybody, They, We, People, No one, Someone, Somebody,

Anyone,
..
Active
: No one likes this picture.
Passive : This picture isnt liked. ( no by no one)
Active Voice
Passive Voice

Let + Object + Be + Verb 3
Active : Open the window.
Passive : Let the window be opened.

1. Passive voice
Verb to be

3
2. Active Voice
(Object)

Passive
voice
3.
Subject Active
by
Passive
by

Active Voice and Passive voice
|

|
15/15
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-4Preposition

Preposition (

,
,
,
.
Preposition
1.
Preposition
2. Preposition
[Single Preposition].
[Preposition phrase].
Preposition
44
in,
on, at, under, to, from, of, off, since, for, near, around, inside,
outside, beneath, towards, into, till, until, fromto, with, without,
by, up, down, after, before, beside, besides, against, through,
across, along, above, over, behind, below, underneath, during,
between, among, fromuntil, within, forwards .
Preposition
in, at, on
,
In:
,
,

I like to
swim in the morning.
At :
, noon, night, midnight, midday,
Christmas, Easter

They want home at three
oclock,
15.00 .
On :

on Sunday, On New Years Day , On Kings
Birthday. etc.
On time
(
).
He come on time.
.
The train
In time
(
,
).
arrived at the station in time.
).

at, in
at :

at school, at the
hotel.
1/8
8/24/13
in :
in Thailand.
In the house, in a country

During, between, among
During:
During visiting Thailand, I had seen the Emerald

Buddha Temple.
Between:
She is
standing between you and me.
(

between
and ).
Among :
3

The
teacher is standing among us .
in, on, by
in :

in the bus, in the plane
house,
on :

on a
on a motor-cycle..
by :
Article
by bus,
by
train

on, over, above
on :
over :

above :
).
Preposition
Preposition
2/8
8/24/13
1.
2 [ two words Preposition].

2.
3 [three words Preposition].
according to ,
because of
instead of
owing to
by means of
:
, in spite of
in order to :
,
on account of
in front of
:
, in back of :

for the sake of :
, of the point of :
on the point of
:
,
in consequence of :
belong to (
) , arrive at (
), ask. for (), agree with (
),
consist of
), live on (
()
protect from (
), believe in (,
) , make of (
),
be afraid of (,)

preposition
Tense
Tense
(
)
tense
tense
tense
tense
tense
.
Tense
3 tense
1.
Present tense
3/8
8/24/13
2.
Past tense
3.
Future
tense
tense

tense 4
1 . Simple
2.
tense
).
Continuous tense
3. Perfect tense
).
4. Perfect continuous tense
).
Tense 12
[Present]
).
[1.1]
S + Verb 1 + (
).
[1.2]
S + is,am,are + Verb 1 ing + (
[1.3]
S + has,have + Verb 3 + .(

).
[1.4] S + has,have + been + Verb 1 ing + (
).
[2.1] S + Verb 2 + ..(
).
[Past]
[2.2] S + was,were + Verb 1 +(
).
[2.3] S + had + verb 3 + (
).
[2.4] S + had + been + verb 1 ing + (
).
[3.1] S + will,shall + verb 1 +.(
).
[Feature]
[3.2] S + will,shall + be + Verb 1 ing + .(
).
[3.3] S + will,shall + have + Verb 3 +(
4/8
8/24/13
-
).
[3.4] S + will,shall + have + been + verb 1 ing +.. ..(
).
tense

[1.1] Present simple tense
He walks.
1.
.
2.
).
3.

, ,

4.
).
5.
6.

If (),
unless (
), as soon as (
,
), till () ,
whenever (
), while (
)
.
7.
always (), often (

), every day (
)
.
8.
[1.1]
[1.1] .
[1.2] Present continuous tense
He is walking.

1.
(
now
).

2.
.
3.
.
*
,,

,

Tense
[1.3] Present perfect tense

He has walk
.
5/8
8/24/13
1.
Since
(
) for (
)
.
2.
ever () , never (
)
.
3.
(

Tense

4.

Just (
), already (
),
yet ( ), finally (
[1.4] Present perfect continuous tense

.
He has been walking
[1.3]
*

[1.3]
[1.4]
[2.1] Past simple tense
He walked.
.
1.
Yesterday, year
.
2.
(
Always, every day )
(
yesterday, last
month ) 2
3.
ago
4.
[2.1]
[2.1] .
[2.2] Past continuous tense
He was walking .
-
1.
( 2.2

2.2 -

2.1).

2.
all day yesterday etc.

3.
6/8
8/24/13
1 )

2.1 2.2
He was cleaning the house while I was cooking breakfast.
[2.3] Past perfect tense
He had walk.
.
1.

2.3

2.1.
2.

She had breakfast at eight o clock yesterday.
[2.4] past perfect continuous tense
He had been walking.
2.3
tense
When we arrive at the meeting , the lecturer had been speaking for an
hour .
1 .
[3.1] Future simple tense
He will walk.
tomorrow, to night,
next week, next month

* Shall
Will
I,
we.
2 .
Will, shall
.
Will, shall
.
Be going to ()
[3.2]
Future continuous
tense
He will be walking.
1.
(

).
2.
.
7/8
8/24/13
3.2
-
1.1
S + will be, shall be + Verb 1 ing.

S + Verb 1 .
[3.3] Future prefect tens
He will walked.
.
1.
by

by tomorrow , by next week
.
2.
.
-
3.3
1.1
S + will, shall + have + Verb 3.

S + Verb 1 .
[3.4] Future prefect continuous tense

He will have been
walking.
3.3
3.4
* Tense
Tense
Tense
|

|
8/8
8/24/13
-5Sentence and clause
Sentence

(Subject)
(Verb)

The bird flied.

Shoot.
, Go. ,Come here.
, Look out.
Clause
Sentence

Sentence

Clause.

Sentence
: I
know.
: How old is he ?
Clause
: I know how old he is.
Sentence
Sentence
1. Simple Sentence ()
That girl cooks her breakfast by herself.

2. Compound Sentence ()
Simple Sentence
2
Conjunction

(and, or, as, but)
(Simple Sentence)
= He open the door.
(Simple Sentence)
= He walked into the room.
(Compound Sentence) = He open the door and walked into the room.
3. Complex Sentence ( )
2 2

Main
Clause (
)
Subordinate Clause(
Main Clause
)
..
Complex Sentence = This is the house that I bought last year.

1/11
8/24/13
Main Clause
= This is the house.
Subordinate Clause = that I bought last year.

4. Compound Complex Sentence ( )

Compound Complex Sentence = I couldnt remember
what his name is, but I will ask him. =
Subordinate Clause
Subordinate Clause (
)
1. Noun Clause (
)
Noun Clause
:- what, that, which, where, when, why, who, whom,

whose, how. Noun Clause
(1)

Where he stays is not answered.
(2)

..
I know where he lives.
(3)
Preposition
She is waiting for what she wants.
(4)

The books are what they want.
(5)

The news that he was
dead is not true.
2. Adjective Clause (
Adjective Clause
(Adjective)
which, where, when, why, who, whom,

whose, of which, that(

as(
),
), before(
but(
), after(
)
Noun Clause
)
He reads the book which I gave him.
3. Adverb Clause (
Adverb (
(Main Clause)
Adverb Clause
2/11
8/24/13
1. Adverb Clause
(Manner)

as, as if,
as hough.
2. Adverb Clause
(Place)

where, wherever,
as far as, as near as.
3. Adverb Clause
(Time)

when, e, while,
since, as, before, after, until, as soon as, as long as, all the time(that).
4. Adverb Clause
(Reason)

because, as,
since, seeing, that, now that.
5. Adverb Clause
(Purpose)

so as, in
order that, for the purpose, that, for fear that.
6. Adverb Clause
(Concession)

although,
thought, even thought, even if.
7. Adverb Clause

(Comparison)

as +
Adjective + as, as + Adverb + as, not so + Adjective + as, not so +
adverb + as.
8. Adverb Clause

(Condition)

if, if
only, unless, whether, supposing that, provided that, on condition that, in
case.
9. Adverb Clause
(Result)

so that, so.that,
such.that, soas to.
Sentence and clause
Direct and indirect Speech

Direct Speech

Chamras said it is my pen
indirect Speech

Chamras said that it was his pen.
Direct Speech
Direct Speech
1
3/11
8/24/13
1.
(
He said
2.

Comma ( , )

( : )
( ;
)

3.
He said The first heroine in Thai history was Tao Suranaree.
2
1.
(
He said
2.
Comma ( , )

3.
He said
said he

The first heroine in Thai history was Tao Suranaree he said.
(or said he).
3
1.
(
He said
2 .

he said
he said
Comma ( , )
3.

he said
( . ) Full stop
The first heroine in Thai history he said was Tao Suranaree
Direct Speech
indirect Speech
Direct Speech
indirect Speech

4/11
8/24/13
1.
say
say that
said
said that
say to +
tell +
+ that
said to +
tell +
+ that
2.
)
I
he or she
me
him or her
my
his or her
mine
his or hers
myself
himself or herself
we
they
us
them
our
their
ours
theirs
ourselves
themselves
you (subject)
you (object)
me
your
my
yours
mine
yourself
myself
3.
Tense
Direct speech
Indirect speech
5/11
8/24/13
Present Simple
Past Simple
Present Continuous
Past Continuous
Present perfect
Past perfect
Past Simple
Past perfect
Will
Would
Shall
Should
Can
Could
May
Might
Must
Had to
4. .
today , tonight
that day, that night
yesterday
the day before, the previous day
last night
the night before
last week
the week before
last month
the month before
last year
the year before
the day before

yesterday
the day after
tomorrow
next week, next month
next year
thus
now
ago
two day after, in two days time

two day after, in two days after
the next day, the following day
the week after, the month after
the year after
so
then, at that time
before
shortly, before then
6/11
8/24/13
recently
that, those, there, go
this, these, here, come

*

Present Simple Tens
Tens
Tens

Tens
Direct = She says I am reading a book now.
Indirect = She says that she is reading a book then.
Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
say
ask
said
asked
say to +
ask +
said to +
asked +

2.
Direct Speech

that

3.
Direct Speech

24

Question Words
Whether
if (

that

4.
Direct Speech

5.
,
Tens
..
Direct
: He said to me, Why did you come here yesterday?.

:
Indirect : he asked me why I had gone there the day before.

:
7/11
8/24/13
Direct Speech
Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
1.

2.

(Object)
3.

to
Direct Speech
Direct Speech
Direct : He said to his servant, Cook breakfast for me.
Indirect : He order his servant to cook breakfast for him.

Order
()

Command
(
)

Tell
(
)
Ask
(

)
please
indirect Speech
please
ask )
Beg
, ,

(
) (
ask
Advise
,
, (
)
Indirect
Speech
not to
dont
do not

Indirect Speed
...
8/11
8/24/13
Direct : My friend said to me, Dont bring my book here.
Indirect : My friend asked me not to bring his book there.
Direct and indirect Speech
AGREEMENT OF SUBJECT AND VERB

(Verb)
Agreement of Subject and Verb
(Subject)
1.
book, dog, cat

2.
books, dogs, cats

1.
2
and
Deang and Dam

are friend.

*

and

Rice and curry is her favorite meal.

2.
and
2
Article
: The manager and owner of this

company is to Hong Kong soon :
Article
.
: The manager and the owner of this school are going to England now. :
3.
3.1
Article
Article
A white and
9/11
8/24/13
black cat is sleeping the table.
3.2
Article
A white and a black cat are playing under the

table.
4.
with, together with, along with, as

well as, including, in addition to, accompanied by, etc
Manu, with his
friend, is doing exercises.
5.
There Here
There is a rubber on the table. (

)
There are rubbers on the table. (

: There she goes alone. (
)
: There they play football.
(
)
6.
(Phrase)
(Subordinate Clause)

The boy
who is reading these books is very wise. (
)
7.
someone
anyone
everyone
no one
somebody
anybody
everybody
no body
something
anything
everything
nothing
somewhere
anywhere
everywhrer
(Conjuction)

8.
(subject)
or(
) ,either.or(
) neither..nor (
) not
only.but also (
. ...

. ..
)
9.
who, which, where Adjective Class
3
10. A number of +
(plural Noun)
,
The number of +
(plural Noun)
10/11
8/24/13
11.
,

,
12.
13.
14.
Pronoun ()
all, both,
few,(
a few), many, some, several, none of
15.
people, police, cattle() children(

) etc.
16.
news, physics, mathematic etc.
17.

trousers () shorts () tongs (
) etc.
18.
fish
sheep
deer
trout
salmon
bison
Agreement of Subject and Verb
(
STANDARD ENGLISH GRAMMAR

ACE,CGEt)
****************************************************************
11/11

Standard English Grammar

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Standard English Grammar

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STANDARD ENGLISH GRAMMAR ACE, CGEt

man, dog, pen,

Ladda, Dang, Diccky, Toyota, Thailand

friend of yours was killed last

What delayed you ?

Which is the best?

which has wing is

has wings) The kitten which I gave to my aunt is very

is not suitable for

This is the reason why I go to Hong

have ever seen.

someone, somebody, something, anyone, anything,

myself study English.

to the President himself .

There are ten boy each has one hundred bath.

When you go out, dont forget to close a door.

When you go out, dont forget to close the door.

A boy like to see monkey.

The man in this room is our teacher.

A black cat, the cat is fat.

fat man cant run quick.

Thai ( Thailand), English (

many, much, little, some, any, all .

the, same, this, that, these, those, such,

my, your, our, his,

What (), Which () ,Whose ()

Dang is very strong.

near, far, in,

Many, much, very, too, quite

yes, no, not, not at all

Why, Where, When, How, Whenever, While , As,

hard, low, right, etc

Tens, Voice, Mood.

Kick (), Eat (

The people made him king. (

Mood, Voice, Tense

Ladda is drinking water.

I am to see my home every

I have to meet you tomorrow.

Have + noun + Verb 3 .

Will, shall, would, should.

-3None finite Verb

Infinitive with out

do, does, did ,

She remembered seeing

We are found of learning

Going, walking, eating, sleeping, coming,

Question tags Question tags

Yes, I am a student. , No he isnt

Comparison of adjective and adverb

as long as , as tall as, as beautiful as , as well as

This chair is as long as that one.

: This chair is not so big as that one.

Comparative adjective + than

taller than, bigger than, more beautiful than etc.

You are taller than I am.

than me), You are cleverer

John is the tallest boy in the class.

tall taller tallest (

small smaller smallest (

He speaks English as well as I do.

Comparative adverb + than

He speaks French faster than I do.

, She loves you more than me.