Quy trnh v thit b sn xut kem GVHD: Thy L Vn Vit Mn

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MC LC
I.TNG QUT V KEM ........................................................................................... 2
Gii thiu chung -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2
> Nguyn liu ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2
II.QUY TRNH SN XT ........................................................................................ 5
Gii thch quy trnh cng ngh ---------------------------------------------------------------- 6
1. Chun b nguyn liu ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
2. Phi trn -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
3. ng ho ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7
4. Thanh trng---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
5. chn--- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
6. Lnh ng s b ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10
III. GII THIU THIT B ......................................................................................... 8
1 Thit b lnh ng -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
2 Thit b to hnh, lm cng ------------------------------------------------------------------ 16
3 Thit b to v o chocolate ----------------------------------------------------------------- 28
IV. SN ................................................................................................ PHAM-
29
V.TI LIU THAM KHO ..................................................................................... 33
I. TNG QUAN V KEM
GII THIU CHUNG
Ngy nay, kem l mt sn phm c tiu th rng ri mi quc gia, v thu ht ngi tiu
dng mi la tui khc nhau, nhng t ngi bit rng kem c mt lch s kh lu i. Kem n
xut hin th k th 4 trc cng nguyn, cc quc gia nh La M, Trung Hoa phc v cho
vua cha bng cch ly lnh trn cc nh ni cao v trn vi cc loi tri cy hoc sa to
thnh mn kem.
Theo truyn thuyt th Marco Polo mang b quyt ch bin kem t Trung Quc v M,
sau ny ngi M bin vic sn xut kem thnh mt nn cng ngh ch bin pht trin mnh
m. Nm 1946, b Nancy Johnson ngi New York pht minh ra mt loi t lnh chuyn dng
cha kem, my lm kem ngy nay c mang tn Johnson Patent Ice-Cream Freezer.
Nm 1962, cng ngh lm kem thng mi ln u tin c cp bng sng ch. Cng vi
thi gian, ngnh sn xut kem pht trin mnh m cho ra i nhiu dng sn phm: kem hp,
kem ly, kem chocolate, kem tri cy, kem vani, kem corneto... kem tr thnh mn n trng ming
a thch ca c tr em ln ngi ln.
Theo thng k ca Hip hi kem n th gii, loi kem ph bin nht l kem vani- 29%, k
n l kem chocolate-8.9%, kem ht d v kem du-5.3%, kem tng hp- 4.2%, kem bc
Quy trnh v thit b sn xut kem GVHD: Thy L Vn Vit Mn
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chocolate-3.9%, kem vanola kiu Php-3.8%.
Theo s" liu ca Hip hi cc nh sn xut sa v cc sn phm t sa, M l quc gia
sn xut kem n ln nht th gii vi 61.3 triu hectolit/nm, k n l Trung Quc 23.6 triu
hectolit/nm. Tuy nhin, New Zealand li l nc tiu th kem mnh m nht th gii vi 26.3
triu hectolit/nm, k n l M 22.5 triu hectolit/nm. Trung bnh, mt ngi New Zealand s
dng 26.3 lit kem/nm, trong khi mc tiu th kem ca ngi Trung Quc l 1.81it/nm. Mc
tiu th kem trung bnh ca ngi Vit Nam l 0.3 lit/nm.
NGUYN LIU TRONG SN XUT KEM
1) Sa v cc sn phm t sa:
To nn gi tr dinh dng v hng v cho kem. Sa dng cho sn xut kem c th l sa
ti, sa bt nguyn cream, sa bt gy, cht bo t sa nh cream, b, hay cht bo khan...
Yu cu quan trng vi sa lm kem l phi c hm lng cht bo cao, lng cht bo
trong sa l yu t" gip to nn cu trc c trng ca sn phm.
2) ng:
ng gip to v ngt, hiu chnh hm lng cht kh, tng gi tr dinh dng v gp phn
to cu trc sn phm. Ngoi ng lactose c sn trong sa, thng s dng ng
saccharose, ng nghch o v syrup giu fructose.
M v Chu Au cn s dng cht ngt ngho gi tr dinh dng nh sorbitol, aspartam,
polydextrose... sn xut kem phc v cho ngi b tiu ng hay bo ph.
3) Cht bo:
Cht bo l thnh phn ch yu tham gia vo cu trc ca kem, c th s dng du thc vt
nh du nnh, du ci, du da hay du hng dng kt hp vi cht bo ca sa sn xut
kem. Hm lng du thc vt c th chim 6-10% khi lng kem thnh phm.
4) Cht nh ha:
Cht nh ha c vai tr tng kh nng lin kt gia cc ht cu bo, iu ny quyt nh ln
n kh nng gi nc ca kem. Trong sn xut kem c th s dng cht nh ha thng dng
nh lng trng nhng gi thnh thng kh cao, ngai ra c cc loi cht nh ha khc r
tin hn nh mono hay diglyceride, cc ester ca sorbitol hay ca cc phn t ng...
5) Cht n nh:
Cc cht n nh to ra mng li khng gian hn ch s chuyn ng t do ca cc
phn t nc, nh trong qu trnh lnh ng hn hp nguyn liu sn xut kem, cc tinh
th xut hin s c kch thc nh, kem tr nn ng nht.
Cht n nh dng cho sn xut kem thng c bn cht protein nh gelatin, casein,
albumin, globuline... hay carbohydrate nh agar-agar, gum arabic, CMC
(carboxymethylcellulose)...
6) Cht to hng:
Hng liu cng vi s to hnh kem to ra s a dng cho sn phm kem. Cc loi hng
liu thng s dng nh vanilla, mi cam, mi su ring, du, chocolate, mi c ph... Chng
Quy trnh v thit b sn xut kem GVHD: Thy L Vn Vit Mn
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c trch ly t thc vt hoc c sn xut bng phng php tng hp ha hc. Ngoi ra,
trong sn xut kem, ngi ta cng c th b sung tht qu ct nh, cc loi ht (h o, hnh
nhn, ph, hch, h trn, u phng, iu...), bt cacao, dch chocolate... Nhng nguyn liu trn
ngoi mc ch to hng cn gip tng gi tr dinh dng cho kem thnh phm.
7) Cht mu:
Mu sc to s li cun hp dn cho kem t ci nhn u tin. Cc nhm sn phm cn to
mu l cc sn phm kem c hng v tri cy. Kem c hng v tri cy no th cn c mu ca
loi tri cy y, v d nh kem nho cn c mu nu , kem su ring c mu vng... Nhm cht
mu t nhin c bn mu km hn so vi cht mu tng hp trong iu kin sn xut cng
nghip. Vic s dng cht mu tun theo quy nh s dng ph gia mi quc gia.
8) Nguyn liu khc:
Nc v khng kh: Nc c tc dng to tinh th , to cng cn thit v
to cm gic mt lnh khi s dng sn phm. Khng kh gip cho sn phm c
mm, xp.
Acid: vic b sung acid hu c nh acid citric, acid tartric...ngoi vic to chua
thch hp cho kem, cn c tc dng c ch s pht trin ca mt s" vi sinh vt c
trong sn phm.
Ph gia chng vi sinh vt: thng s dng natri benzoat, tuy nhin nhiu nc
trn th gii khng cho php s dng ph gia ny.
Tinh bt: trong cng thc kem ca nhiu nc trn th gii thng khng s
dng, nhng cc nh sn xut kem ca Vit Nam thng s dng tinh bt bnh
thng hay tinh bt bin tnh nhm mc ch gia tng kt dnh ca khi kem.
II. QUY TRNH CNG NGH
Quy trnh v thit b sn xut kem GVHD: Thy L Vn Vit Mn
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Nguyn liu ph: cht
to nh, cht n inh
mu. mi...
Nguyn liu chnh:
Sa, cream, bt sa
gy, syrup ng
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GII THCH QUY TRNH CNG NGH:
1) Chun b nguyn liu
Nguyn liu c nh lng theo ng cng thc phi trn cho mi loi kem sn xut.
Nguyn liu kh c em cn, nguyn liu dng lng c th cn hay o th tch xc nh
hm lng cn s dng.
i vi cht bo phi c gia nhit ln 35-50C d phi trn.
2) Phi trn
Nguyn liu c a vo thit b phi trn theo mt trt t nht nh, s dng qu trnh c
hc lm nguyn liu c ng nht, s dng thit b phi trn hnh tr ng vi b phn iu
nhit v cnh khuy hot ng tc cao, nhit phi trn thng l 50-65C.
C th kt hp lc v bi kh sau phi trn nhm mc ch tng hiu qu truyn nhit, h tr
qu trnh ng ha v thanh trng.


Hnh 1: H thng bn phi trn ca Tetra Pak
3) ng ha

Simple hopper device for incorporating dry ingredients into recirculating liquids

Quy trnh v thit b sn xut kem GVHD: Thy L Vn Vit Mn
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Trong sn xut kem, hn hp nguyn liu thng c cha hm lng cht bo cao, do vy
phi s dng qu trnh ng ha nhm lm gim kch thc cc ht bo v phn b u chng
trong hn hp.
Ta s dng thit b ng ha hai cp, p sut dao ng trong khong 140-250bar. Hn hp
c gia nhit ln 65-75C trc khi vo thit b ng ha.
Giai on ng ha u tin thng s dng 2/3 n 3/4 p lc tng, kch thc ht phn
tn sau ng ha l 10-12 microns.
Tc ng ca p sut n qu trnh:


Hnh 2: Tc nhn p sut nh hng n cc ht cu bo trong h nh tng.
A) Mu tham kho, 141-35 kg/cm
2
;
B) Khng ng ho; C) 281-35 kg/cm 2 ; D) 35 kg/cm 2. x800.
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4) Thanh trng
Hn hp nguyn liu cn c thanh trng tiu dit hoc c ch h vi sinh vt v
enzyme, ch thanh trng thng c chn l 83-85C trong 15 giy, hoc thanh trng 63c

ng ha p sut cao ng ha p sut thp
Kch thc
Tnh cht, cm quan
Cht to nh S tan chy
Chi ph nng lng p
sut
Khi kem sau pha trn
i tng sn phm
Chi ph thit b Chi ph
vn hnh
Kch thc ca cc ht cu bo
phn tn nh n mc ti a
(0.1-0.3 m)
Gip n nh bt kh v
to s trn bng b mt kem.
S phn b" pha phn
tn tr nn ng u, cu trc
n nh.
Gim nht Trnh
hin tng kt tinh .
Cn cht to nh nhiu hn
Khng tc ng n s tan
chy nhng lm mt mt 1
lng nh cht bo.
Tiu tn nng lng nhiu.
p sut cao t 4000-30000 psi,
ty lng bo trong khi trn.
c bit i vi khi t bo (pha
phn tn t) mun to s ng
nht hn na th bt buc phi
s dng phng php ny.
ng dng cho dng sn phm
cao cp, i hi cht lng cm
quan su sc. Cao, i hi
kt cu vng chc ca thit b.
Cao
Kch thc ht cu bo ln
hn, ty theo yu cu sn
phm.
B mt kem khng n nh.
S phn b" khng ng u.
Yu cu cht to nh khng
cao
Lm chm s tan chy kem
Tit kim 1 phn nng lng
p sut thp t 500-2500 psi
i vi khi c hm lng cht
kh cao v nhiu bo, sn
phm khng i hi ng
nht ti a th c th p dng
phng php ny cho tn
nng lng, ng dng i vi
sn phm c s kt hp pha
phn tn mc va phi.
i hi t hn
Thp
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trong 30 pht.
Trong thc t sn xut 2 qu trnh thanh trng v ng ha thng c tin hnh xen k.
u tin hn hp nguyn liu c dn vo thit b trao i nhit hiu chnh nhit , sau
c dn vo thit b ng ha, ri li c quay tr li thit b trao i nhit thanh trng v
lm ngui.

5) chn
Nguyn liu sau khi thanh trng v ng ha c lm lnh v 2-4C, sau em i chn.
Mc ch ca qu trnh ny l lm cho hn hp nguyn liu t c mt s" tnh cht ha l cn
thit, chun b cho qu trnh lnh ng tip theo: cc cht protein s c hydrate ha hon ton,
mt phn cht bo kt tinh, mt s phn t protein s hp ph ln b mt tip xc pha gia cc
ht cu bo v pha lin tc. Kt qu lm cho kem thu c sau qu trnh lnh ng s c cu
trc mn v ng nht.
Qu trnh chn c thc hin trong thit b v o trong 4-24 gi, nhit 2- 4c. Lp v
o bn ngoi c tc dng lm lnh v cch nhit, hn ch s tn tht nng lng, bn trong
thit b c cnh khuy hot ng lin tc, khuy chm v u n.

Hnh 2: Thit b thanh trng HTST
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6) Lnh ng s b
Qu trnh ny c hai mc ch quan trng:
Thi mt lng khng kh vo hn hp nguyn liu lm tng th tch ca chng.
Lnh ng mt phn nc trong hn hp to cc tinh th vi kch thc tht nh v
ng nht, ng thi phn b u cc tinh th ny trong hn hp.
Tu thuc vo loi sn phm m lng khng kh thi vo hn hp l khc nhau. Thng
thng, th tch hn hp sau khi np khng kh tng t 80-100%. Cc bt kh tht mn xut hin
trong kem s to nn cu trc c trng cho sn phm. Khng kh c s dng trong sn xut
kem cn c x l bi h thng lc nhm loi cc tp cht nh bi v vi sinh vt... nhm m
bo cht lng ca kem thnh phm.
Trong giai on lnh ng s b c khong 30-70% lng nc kt tinh, tu theo phng
php to hnh kem m ngi ta s hiu chnh t l nc kt tinh giai on ny cho ph hp.
Sau qu trnh lnh ng s b ta thu c kem bn thnh phm vi cu trc rt mm v
xp. Tip theo tu theo tng qu trnh to hnh s thc hin theo cc phng php khc nhau, s
c trnh by chi tit phn gii thiu thit b sn xut.
III. GII THIU THIET B SN XAT
1) Thit b lm lnh
Lnh ng l h nhit ca sn phm xung di nhit kt tinh ca nc trong sn
phm . C 3 phng php lm lnh ng chnh l:
+ Lnh ng bng thit b hot ng theo chu trnh lnh.
+ Lnh ng bng cch tip xc vi cht ti lnh bng kim loi.
+ Lnh ng bng cch nhng trong kh nn lng.
Trong cng ngh lm kem th thit b hot ng theo chu trnh lnh c s dng ph
bin, Thit b ny hot ng theo chu trnh lnh gm 4 giai on:
+Giai on 1: Tc nhn lnh c my nn kh nn di p sut cao ha lng.
+Giai on 2: Tc nhn lnh lng c cho qua thit b ngng t to n nhit (ngng

Hnh 3: Thit b chn
Quy trnh v thit b sn xut kem GVHD: Thy L Vn Vit Mn
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t) ra mi trng bn ngoi (dn nng).
+Giai on 3: Tc nhn lnh lng sau khi i qua thit b ngng t c cho vo van tit
lu. Khi i qua van tit lu, tc nhn lnh lng b gim p sut t ngt, bc hi.
+Giai on 4: Tc nhn lnh bc hi trong thit b bc hi. V qu trnh ny thu nhit nn
mi trng xung quanh thit b bc hi b mt nhit lng, gim nhit xung.
Trong phng php lnh ng bng thit b hot ng theo chu trnh lnh ta c 2 phng
php lnh ng kem thng c s dng l:
Lnh ng gin on: lnh ng tng lng hn hp phi trn ti mt thi
im, lin tc tho hn hp kem ra. Thit b lnh ng gin on th t phc tp hn so vi thit b
lnh ng lin tc. Trong mi m thc hin qu trnh lnh ng th sn phm c o lng, b
sung mu, mi v lnh ng ring bit tng phn. Kiu lnh ng ny c chn s dng khi
sn xut kem quy m nh hoc th nghim sn xut sn phm trong phng th nghim. Lnh
ng gin on th t tn km chi ph lp t hn lnh ng lin tc v n cho php to ra nhng
sn phm kem c mi c bit vi th tch nh, qu trnh ng gi c thc hin th cng. Lnh
ng gin on thng thng c thc hin trong thit b hnh tr nm ngang c sc cha
nguyn liu t 15-40 lit. Nhit ca mi cht lm lnh thng c h xung -23C-i~29
0
C
hnh thnh nhng tinh th nh, tuy nhin cc tinh th to ra trong sn phm khi thc hin
qu trnh lnh ng gin on vn ln hn so vi phng php lnh ng lin
Lnh ng gin on thng c s dng cho m kem c th tch 2-40L, mi m mt 15-20
pht thc hin qu trnh lnh ng.

Hnh 4: Thit b lnh ng s b hot ng gin on
Lnh ng lin tc l phng php c pht trin gn y, phng php ny
c th t c nng sut ln n 150-3000L/h. Phng php ny c p dng cho sn xut
quy m ln. Phng thc vn hnh: hn hp kem c bm lin tc vo thit b lnh ng hnh
tru, kh s c cung cp bi my nn. Nhit trung bnh ca kem khi lnh ng lin tc l
khong -5c khi nhit tc nhn lnh ca dn bay hi ng xon -30c, ti nhit ny th 40%
tng lng nc trong kem b ng bng Thit b lnh ng lin tc Hoyer ca tp on Tetra
Pak c dung tch hot ng l 101/h-40001/h.

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Thit b lnh ng Hoyer KF
1) Thit b Hoyer KF c cung cp cho nhng nh my sn xut kem trn quy m ln,
c t ng ha v sn phm t tiu chun cht lng cao. Thit b Hoyer KF th hon ton
khc cc thit b lnh ng khc cc yu t" c bn nh: ton b thit b c lm bng thp
khng r, c gng quan st bit c qu trnh lnh ng kt thc, thp khng r chu c
s va chm v c th dng qu trnh lnh ng mt cch d dng.
Mi loi model ca thit b ny u c h thng iu khin, vn hnh khc nhau. N-model
c iu khin bng cch nhn cc nt iu khin chnh nh: moto, lnh ng v bm. Overrun
control t c bng cch thng xuyn duy tr p lc khng kh....
XC-model l mt thit b lnh ng hot ng c iu khin hon ton t ng. u
im ca thit b ny l: d dng vn hnh thit b, c mn hnh vi tnh th hin th v cc
thng tin nh: nhit v lu lng phi trn, nhit ca kem, lu lng khng kh, nht
ca kem...

2) Thit b lnh ng Hoyer Figus (gm cc model t 200-600): l thit b hnh tr c
lm lnh theo chiu dc, b mt c m Cr. Mt bm piston dng o lng hn hp kem v
lng kh vo.
Model Nng sut (l/h)
Hoyer KF 80 10-100
Hoyer KF 500N 75-500
Hoyer KF 500XC 50-500
Hoyer KF 1000N 150-1000
Hoyer KF 1000N-2 100-1000
Hoyer KF 1000XC 100-1000
Hoyer KF 2000N 350-2300
Hoyer KF 2000XC 230-2300
Hoyer KF 3000XC 300-3000
Hoyer KF 4000XC 400-4000
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Trong sn xut kem ngi ta s dng thit b lnh ng c ng chy (continous ice cream
barral freezer). y l thit b lnh ng lm vic lin tc. cu to ca thit b lnh dng trong sn
xut kem nh sau:

Hnh 5 : M hnh cu to ca thit b lnh ng s b Nguyn l hot ng ca
n ging nh my lnh cng nghip, tuy nhin cu to ca n khc vi my lnh cng nghip.
im khc nhau chnh l c cu lm lnh dng ng barrel freezer c cu trc nh sau
/ The Continuous
/ Ice Cream
/ (Barrel) Freezer

Hoyer Fngus 600
Model Nng sut (l/h)
Hoyer Figus 200 90-220
Hoyer Figus 300 180-300
Hoyer Figus 400 170-450
Hoyer Figus 600 150-600
Hoyer Figus 1200 106-317

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Hnh 6: Cu trc barrel freezer ca my lnh ng s b y l mt ng di c
nhiu lp. Trong c lp cch nhit, lp ti lnh v phn li cha hn hp nguyn liu. Trong
phn li ny c cnh khuy. u ra cu ng cn c thm dao co v cc khe y kem ra
ngoi. Thit b ny lm vic ch lin tc, thi gian nguyn liu chy sut ng ng
khong 15-20 pht. ng c th ng bng khong 50-70% nc trong nguyn liu. Hn hp
nguyn liu khi i vo ng va c lnh ng, va c khuy trn k. iu ny lm cho cc
tinh th rt nh, to nn xp cho sn phm. Mt khc, do nc trong sn phm cha ng
bng ht nn nguyn liu ra khi thit b vn cn st, mm nht nh. V vy, thit b ny
cn c gi l thit b lnh ng s b. Nguyn liu ra khi thit b dng paste, sau nguyn
liu c phi trn vi mt, tri cy ming, u phng, hnh nhn... v chuyn qua giai on to
hnh.

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Hnh 7: Thit b lnh ng s b

Hnh 8: u ra ca berrel freezer
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Hnh 9:
2) Thit b lm cng, to hnh
Qu trnh lm cng:
Qu trnh lm cng to vng chc cho cu trc kem v to hnh cho sn phm. Sn
phm kem sau khi ra khi thit b lnh ng s b c th c chia thnh hai nhm:
Nhm khng cn lm cng to hnh: bao gm kem hp, kem ti, cung cp
cho cc my bn kem lu ng, kem cung cp cho nh hng, nh sn xut thc n
b sung vo sn phm ca mnh. Vi nhm sn phm ny, kem sau khi lm lnh
ng s b c rt trc tip vo hp, bnh cha... trong kho lnh hay vn chuyn
trc tip n ni s dng.
Nhm cn lm cng to hnh: nhm ny gm kem cy, cc loi kem c hnh
dng, kem sau khi c lm lnh ng s b s c a vo my lm cng to
hnh.
Lm cng thc cht l qu trnh kt tinh hon ton nc trong sn phm, qu trnh ny phi
c thc hin nhanh, to ra cc tinh th rt nh; iu ny lm cho kem c cu trc cng
chc nhng vn c xp khi s dng.
Nguyn liu sau khi c lm lnh ng s b c a qua h thng lm cng. H thng
ny c bn cht nh mt my lnh, nhit gin lnh c th t n -80c, thi gian lu ca
nguyn liu khng qu 2 pht. Mi cht lnh thng s dng l NH3 Nit lng hay kh C02.

s b
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Hnh : Nguyn l hot ng ca c cu lm cng.
Nguyn liu c vn chuyn trong cc ng ng, mi cht lnh hay khng kh lnh c
phun trc tip vo khong khng gian gia cc ng. C cu to hnh thng c tch hp cng
vi c cu lm cng thnh mt h thit b. C th to hnh ri lm cng hoc ngc li.
To hnh trc, lm cng sau, c cu lm cng dng bng ti: nguyn liu sau khi
to hnh c t ln bng ti, khng kh lnh c thi trc tip vo h thng, bng ti chuyn
ng a nguyn liu vo bung lnh lm cng.
Hnh 10: C cu lm cng dng bng ti
To hnh sau khi lm cng, s dng h thng lm cng dng ng: nguyn liu c
np vo cc ng, h thng ng ny c t trong bung lnh, khng gian gia cc ng cng
c thi khng kh lnh vi tc cao. Tuy nhin nguyn liu khng tip xc trc tip vi cht
ti lnh, ngy nay ngi ta s dng mi cht lnh bay hi trc tip phn khng gian ny, iu
ny gip gim tn tht nhit v chi ph cho qut gi. Tuy nhin cu to ca bung lm cng dng
ny phc tp hn, i hi kn nghim ngt trnh lm thot mi cht lnh.
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Hnh 1 l:Thit b dng ng tunnel
Li ch ca phng php lm cng nhanh:
- Cht lng tt hn.
- Cu trc kem mn hn.
- t b nh hng khi bao gi bng ba cng trong qu trnh ct gi v phn phi.
- Tnh n nh kem tt hn trong cc bao b c kch thc v hnh dng .
- Chi ph nhn cng v vn chuyn thp hn.
Cc phng php lm cng thng dng:
S Lm ng lnh S Nhng chm S
Khun kim loi (a, tm)
S i lu khng kh
S Kt hp khun kim loi v i lu khng kh a) Lm
cng bng phng php lnh ng:
> u im:
- Thi gian lu gi kem ngn
- Cu trc b mt kem rt mn
- Cht lng ton b sn phm tt hn
> Nhc im:
- Tn chi ph

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- Phng php tt nht lm sn phm dng que
- Thi gian lu gi sn phm ngn nht
- Tc sn xut nhanh vi mc t ng ha cao
- Cht lng sn phm cao
- Qu trnh truyn nhit hiu qu cao
Nhc im
- Qui trnh h thng n l
- Yu cu khu vc sn xut tn km
- Yu cu thit b phi m bo v sinh
- Mt vi b phn thit b thi nc tha nhiu
- S hao ht sn phm trong qu trnh sn xut tng i cao
- Chi ph cho tng b phn sn xut cao
- Quy trnh yu cu khu vc sx rt tn km
- Cc b phn my mc phi m bo v sinh

Hnh : Lm cng bng phng php lnh ng (cryogenic hardening) b) Lm cng bng phng
php nhng chm:
> u im:
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> u im
- Sn xut sn phm c dng hnh vung hay hnh ch nht
- Thi gian lu gi sn phm ngn nht
- Qu trnh truyn nhit hiu qu
- Yu cu khong khng gian nh vi chi ph sn xut t tn km
- S tn tht trong qua trnh lm cng rt t
> Nhc im:
- Khong 5% sn phm c hnh dng khng ng u
- Tn chi ph cho nhng sn phm khng c lm cng
- Sn phm b nh hng khi khng c rt y
- Yu cu nhit lm ng thp

d) Lm cng trong pallet vi lung khng kh lnh:
> u im:
- n gin v my mc so vi cc phng php i lu khng kh khc
- u t chi ph thp

Hnh 12: thit b lm cng bng phng php nhng chm c) Lm cng trong khun:

Hnh 13: thit b lm cng dng tm (plate)
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- Kch thc bao gi a dng
- Chi ph bo dng my thp
> Nhc im:
- Hiu qu lm cng thp
- Yu cu theo di nghim ngt m bo cht lng sn phm
- Chi ph nhn cng cao
- S hao ht sn phm cao
- Hnh dng ng gi khng p

Hnh 14 : Thit b lm cng trong pallet vi lung khng kh lnh,
e) Lm cng bng dy chuyn xon c:
> u im:
- My mc n gin hn so vi phng php i lu khng kh t ng
- khc
- Hiu qua lm cng cao v cc thng s" ci trc
- u t vn t thp ti va phi
- Lm cng ng thi cc sn phm c kch c khc nhau
- S hao ht sn phm thp
- Kch thc c sn trong h thng t 250GPH
> Nhc im:
- Dy ai ch sn phm gii hn 101bs/ft

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f) Lm cng bng phng php s dng cc khay gia chui lin tc (Tray
between contnuos chain):
> u im:
- Thit b n gin nht so vi thit b lm cng bng phng php lm cng bng i lu
khng kh sn phm loi khay
- S di chuyn dng i gip qu trnh lm cng hiu qu hn
- Chi ph u t va phi
- Lm cng ng thi cc sn phm kch thc khc nhau
- S tn tht trong qua trnh lm cng rt t
- H thng khng kh hot ng hiu qu nn tit kim nng lng v gim chi ph
- H thng nh 250GPH
> Nhc im:
- Tc vt liu:2500GPH
- Khng thch hp cho sn xut ng thi nhiu dy chuyn
- Chi ph bo dng cao hn so v phng php tray/transport type systems
- Qut s dng yu cu nng lng cao
- Kh khn trong qu trnh ng gi t ng khi nng sut cao
- Chi ph bo dng cao( chi ph dy ai =35% tng chi ph my)

Hnh 15: thit b lm cng bng dy chuyn xon c.
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Hnh 16: Thit b lm cng Tray between continuos chain
g) Lm cng bng phng php thi gian lu bin i Varible Retention
Time(VRT)
> u im:
- Cho php thay i thi gian lu sn phm vi h thng c kch thc khc nhau
- D dng hot ng vi cc dy chuyn t ng
- Lm cng ng thi cc sn phm kch thc khc nhau
- Tc sn xut cao (trn 10000 GPH)
> Nhc im:
- Chi ph cho cc khay cao
- Chng trnh vn hnh phc tp
- Yu cu p sut cao, khng thay i, nng lng cao
- H thng kch thc nh khong 1500GPH
- Chi ph bo dng cao

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> u im:
- H thng khng kh dng i gip lm cng tt hn
- Chi ph ba tr thp vi thi gian s dng lu (trn 30 nm)
- H thng khng kh hiu qu gim chi ph v nng lng
- Lm cng ng thi cc sn phm kch thc khc nhau
- Thit b n gin nht so vi thit b lm cng bng phng php i lu khng kh
sn phm loi khay
- Chi ph u t va phi
- H thng 10000GPH
> Nhc im:
- H thng phc tp hn so vi
- H thng dy ai xon
- H thng nh nht 750GPH

Hnh 17: Thit b lm cng VRT
h) Lm cng bng cch vn chuyn nhiu khay:
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Qu trnh to hnh:
a) Thit b to hnh cho kem que:
Qu trnh to hnh cho kem que c 2 giai on:
Giai oan phn chia nguvn liu: nguyn liu c dng ng di v c ct thnh tng
thanh (bar) c kch thc ph hp. Kch thc ca cc thanh c th c iu chnh bng tc
chy ca bng ti v tn s hot ng ca dao ct. C 2 dng phn chia: theo chiu ngang
(Horizontal etrusion) v chiu thng ng ( Vertical etrusion).
Hnh 19: Thit b p n ngang
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Hnh 18: Thit b lm cng bng cch vn chuyn nhiu khay
Quy trnh v thit b sn xut kem GVHD: Thy L Vn Vit Mn
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Hnh 20: thit b p n ng.
Hnh 21: Thit b to hnh lm cng kt hp
Giai oan tao hnh cho cc phn nh: cc phn nh c my p khun nh hnh thnh
cc hnh dng a dng nh hnh que, hnh th vt...
b) Thit b to hnh cho kem conerto:
Corneto l kem c rt trong bnh xp (cone). Quy trnh to kem conerto khng cn my
phn chia nguyn liu hay my p khun, ch cn my rt kem. Nguyn tc hot ng cng gn
nh my rt kem hp.
Quy trnh v thit b sn xut kem GVHD: Thy L Vn Vit Mn
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Hnh 22: Thit b rt kem conerto vi 8 u rt.
Thit b trn c th rt cng lc cho 8 bnh cone. Mi ng rt kem cho mt bnh cone c
nhiu ng nh bn trong, mi ng nh c np nhiu loi kem, chng khc nhau v mu sc,
mi v. Khi c bm n u ra cc loi kem ny s ho quyn li vi nhau, to cho sn phm
c hnh thc rt bt mt vi nhiu lp kem xem k.
Hnh dng kem a dng cn c to ra bi u phun, cc u phun khc nhau s to ra
hnh dng kem khc nhau, v d nh hnh xon c, hnh v s, hnh thp...
Hnh 23: Mt s" loi u phun v sn phm ca n
3) Thit b to lp o chocolate
Thit b to lp o chocolate bao gm mt bn cha chocolate c pha vi mt s" cc
nguyn liu ph khc nh u phng, hnh nhn...Kem cy sau khi c tch khun, a qua
bn cha dung dch chocolate 40c to ra mt lp o chocolate cho sn phm ri c a
vo thit b bao gi.
Hnh 24: Cc que kem c o chocolate, hoc 1 lp mu cam.
Hnh 25: Dy chuyn phn chia, p khun, gn que v bao o chocolate
IV. SN PHM
1) Bo qun:
Kem thnh phm c bo qun trong phng lnh -30c, do c th ring v cu trc,
Quy trnh v thit b sn xut kem GVHD: Thy L Vn Vit Mn
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kem thnh phm cn c bo quan trong iu kin ng quy nh trnh nhng bin i v
h hng v mt cht lng.
Ti c s sn xut, nhit bo qun l -30c. Kem c vn chuyn bng xe lnh 25c t
nh my n ni phn phi v tiu th. Ngi tiu dng nn tr kem nhit khng ln hn -
18c.
Quy trnh v thit b sn xut kem GVHD: Thy L Vn Vit Mn
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Nu nhit tng cao khi bo qun, s lm cho lp kem b mt chy ra, gy bin dng sn
phm v nh hng n cu trc ca kem. Khi ta tin hnh lnh ng tr li, mt phn ng
lactose trong sa c th b kt tinh, v ngi tiu dng s cm nhn c cc tinh th ny khi s
dng kem.
Bo qun ng quy nh, thi gian bo qun c th ko di t 6-9 thng.
2) nh gi cht lng sn phm:
> Ch tiu cm quan: sn phm gi nguyn hnh dng, mu mi v c trng.
> Ch tiu vi sinh: hm lng cc vi sinh vt gy bnh nh Samonella, Listeria,
Staphyloccoccus aureus khng ln hn 10 khun lc/ml sn phm.
> Ch tiu ho l: hm lng protein, lipid, glucid tng, lactose, m, hm lng
khong, vitamin... dao ng trong mt khong ln ph thuc vo dng sn phm v
quy nh chung ca mi nc.
3) Cc dng sn phm kem:
Vit Nam:
Th phn kem Vit Nam c phn chia nh sau: Kidos chim th phn cao nht 45,8%,
tip n l Vinamilk 20,8%, Thy T l 20,8%... Ti TPHCM, kem Ki Do dn u vi th phn hn
50%, ng th 2 l Vinamilk 40% v th 3 l Monte Rosa 8%. th trng kem trung v cao cp,
Kidos chim hn 60% th phn.
Hin ti, chuyn phn khc th trng kem vi cc tn tui ln kh r rng, vi nhng
u th ring. Vinamilk ang c u th v cc loi kem hp, kem mang v nh, Monte Rosa li c
u th v nhm kem cao cp bn h thng ca hng, cn Kidos vi 2 nhn hiu Merino v
Kidos Premium li c v th dn u mng th trng kem cy.





Sn phm kem Vinamilk
+ Kem sa 2500vnd/cy, hng chocolate, u phng v kem vani + Kem ly Dino 100ml
3000 vnd/ly, cc loi: du, su ring, vani, chocolate, cm, tri cy, khoai mn, c ph, u
xanh, da.
+ Kem cao cp Vinamilk hp 450ml 15000vnd/hp, 26000vnd/hp loi 11 c cc loi: du, su
ring, vani, chocolate, cm, tri cy, khoai mn, c ph, u xanh, da.
0-
Quy trnh v thit b sn xut kem GVHD: Thy L Vn Vit Mn
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lpnVMi/t

*0*
' ' I Sg S'
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Sn phm kem Kido
Hin nay, KIDOS ang c 2 nhn chnh l Merino v Kidos Premium vi hn 36 sn
phm, trong c 16 sn phm mi so vi kem Walls gm cc chng loi: kem hp, kem h,
kem bnh v kem que. Cc sn phm kem rt a dng gm: Kem Xoi, Kem Mng cu bn
cnh nhng khu v quen thuc ca quc t nh: Kem Chocolate, Kem du v kem Vani.
Nc ngoi:
Sn phm kem cy












Sn phm kem hp
Quy trnh v thit b sn xut kem GVHD: Thy L Vn Vit Mn
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Quy trnh v thit b sn xut kem GVHD: Thy L Vn Vit Mn
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Sn phm kem conerto
Quy trnh v thit b sn xut kem GVHD: Thy L Vn Vit Mn
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TI LIU THAM KHO
1. Nht An, Vit Hoa, ng vo ngh-Cng ngh thc phm, NXB Tr, 2007.
2. L Vn Vit Mn, Cng ngh sn xut cc sn phm t sa, tp l y NXB H Quc gia
TPHCM, 2004
3. Robert T. Marshall, H. Douglas Goff, Richad W.Hartel, Ice Cream, 6
th
edition, Kluwerr
Academic/Pleum Publishers, May 2003.
4. Tetra Pak, Dairy Processing Handbook, Published by Tetra Pak Processing Systems AB,
S-221 86 Lund, Sweden.
5. www.whiteysicecream.com.facility.asp
6. www.florenceicecream.it/index.htm
7. www.tcpionneer.com.tw.products03.htm