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LI CM N
Vi lng knh trng v bit n su sc, ti xin chn thnh cm n c gio TS.
Mai Th Tuyt Nga. Ngi trc tip hng dn, ch bo, gip ti trong sut
qu trnh thc hin n tt nghip ny.
Ti xin cm n cc thy c trong B mn Cng ngh Thc phm, Khoa Ch
bin, Trng hc Nha Trang, Cng ty C phn TH Milk to iu kin thc hin
cho n tt nghip ny. Ti cng xin c gi li cm n chn thnh ti tt c cc
thy c trong Khoa dy cho ti nhng kin thc chuyn ngnh c bn.
Cui cng ti xin gi li cm n ti tt c gia nh, bn b, nhng ngi
lun ng vin gip ti trong sut thi gian va qua.
ii
MC LC
Trang
M U................................................................................................................................1
1.2. Vng nguyn liu:............................................................................................7
1.3. Th trng tiu th:..........................................................................................7
1.4. Ngun cung cp nc......................................................................................7
1.5. Ngun cung cp in:......................................................................................8
1.6. Ngun cung cp hi nc:..............................................................................8
1.7. Ngun cung cp nhin liu:.............................................................................8
1.8. H thng thot nc:.......................................................................................8
1.9. X l nc thi:.................................................................................................8
1.10. Giao thng vn ti:.........................................................................................9
1.11. Kh nng cung cp ngun nhn lc:............................................................9
3.2. Thuyt minh quy trnh: (Quy trnh tham kho ti nh my):.......................17
3.2.1. Sa ti nguyn liu: ..................................................................................17
3.2.2. Cc nguyn liu khc:..................................................................................18
3.2.3. Kim tra - thu nhn:.....................................................................................21
3.2.4. Lm lnh bo qun:......................................................................................21
3.2.5. Ly tm tch bo v tiu chun ha: ............................................................22
- Tch mt phn cht bo ra khi sa nguyn liu...............................................22
3.2.15. Rt v bao gi:.............................................................................................25
3.2.16. Sn phm: ..................................................................................................26
PHN 4: TNH CN BNG VT CHT.........................................................................27
Tiu hao.......................................................................................................................36
(%)................................................................................................................................36
Tiu hao.......................................................................................................................37
(%)................................................................................................................................37
6.2.18. Gara t:.........................................................................................................62
Chn kch thc l: ...................................................................................................63
6.4. THUYT MINH TNG MT BNG NH MY:......................................64
7.1.2. Tnh cng sut ng lc:..................................................................................68
7.1.3. Tnh in nng tiu th hng nm: ........................................................................70
Chn my bin p 3 pha cch ly 300 KVA. .......................................................................71
7.2.1.1. Lng nhit cn dng cho qu trnh gia nhit ly tm:............................72
7.2.1.3. Lng nhit cn dng cho qu trnh gia nhit trc ng ha ln 1: . .73
7.2.1.4. Lng nhit cn dng cho qu trnh thanh trng:......................................74
7.2.1.7. Lng nhit tiu tn trong qu trnh tit trng sa: ...............................75
8.1.2. Vn u t cho my mc, thit b: ..................................................................82
PHN 9: AN TON LAO NG V V SINH NH MY...........................................90
9.1 AN TON LAO NG...................................................................................90
iii
iv
DANH MC VIT TT
TCVN:
VL:
Vn lu ng
VT:
Vn u t
VC:
Vn c nh
NH:
Ngn hng
M:
LN:
Li nhun
TDT:
T:
GDP:
Tc tng trng
Q-BCN:
UHT:
DANH MC BNG
Trang
M U................................................................................................................................1
1.2. Vng nguyn liu:............................................................................................7
1.3. Th trng tiu th:..........................................................................................7
1.4. Ngun cung cp nc......................................................................................7
1.5. Ngun cung cp in:......................................................................................8
1.6. Ngun cung cp hi nc:..............................................................................8
1.7. Ngun cung cp nhin liu:.............................................................................8
1.8. H thng thot nc:.......................................................................................8
1.9. X l nc thi:.................................................................................................8
1.10. Giao thng vn ti:.........................................................................................9
1.11. Kh nng cung cp ngun nhn lc:............................................................9
3.2. Thuyt minh quy trnh: (Quy trnh tham kho ti nh my):.......................17
3.2.1. Sa ti nguyn liu: ..................................................................................17
3.2.2. Cc nguyn liu khc:..................................................................................18
Ch tiu vi sinh.....................................................................................................21
Tng s VSV........................................................................................................21
Max 5000 cfu/g....................................................................................................21
Nm men..............................................................................................................21
Max 500 cfu/g......................................................................................................21
Nm mc..............................................................................................................21
Max 500 cfu/g......................................................................................................21
Ch tiu kim loi nng (mg/kg)............................................................................21
3.2.3. Kim tra - thu nhn:.....................................................................................21
3.2.4. Lm lnh bo qun:......................................................................................21
3.2.5. Ly tm tch bo v tiu chun ha: ............................................................22
- Tch mt phn cht bo ra khi sa nguyn liu...............................................22
3.2.15. Rt v bao gi:.............................................................................................25
3.2.16. Sn phm: ..................................................................................................26
PHN 4: TNH CN BNG VT CHT.........................................................................27
Tiu hao.......................................................................................................................36
(%)................................................................................................................................36
Tiu hao.......................................................................................................................37
(%)................................................................................................................................37
6.2.18. Gara t:.........................................................................................................62
Chn kch thc l: ...................................................................................................63
6.4. THUYT MINH TNG MT BNG NH MY:......................................64
vi
DANH MC CC HNH
Trang
M U................................................................................................................................1
1.2. Vng nguyn liu:............................................................................................7
1.3. Th trng tiu th:..........................................................................................7
1.4. Ngun cung cp nc......................................................................................7
1.5. Ngun cung cp in:......................................................................................8
1.6. Ngun cung cp hi nc:..............................................................................8
vii
viii
M U
Trong t nhin him c mt loi thc phm no c thnh phn dinh dng
y v hi ha nh sa ti. Sa va cung cp cho con ngi ngun nng lng
di do, va cung cp cc cht cn thit cho s to lp c th. Cc thnh phn chnh
trong sa gm c:
+ Protein trong sa c to thnh bi cc amino axit. C khong 20 loi
amino axit khc nhau, trong c 8 loi cn thit cho ngi ln v 9 loi cn thit
cho tr em. Protein trong sa rt giu cc loi amino axt ny, nn c gi tr dinh
dng v c h s s dng cao so vi ngun protein thc vt.
Cc protein trong sa gm 2 nhm chnh:
* Proteinn ho tan nh: albumin, imunoglobulin, lisozim, lactoferin,
lactoperoxydaza
* Protein trng thi keo khng bn (casein) gm mt phc h mixen
hu c ca cc caseinat v canxi phosphat.
+ Lipit ca sa bao gm: cht bo, cc phosphatit, glicolipit, steroit
Cht bo sa l mt thnh phn quan trng. V mt dinh dng, cht bo c
sinh nng lng cao, c cha cc vitamin ha tan trong cht bo (A, D, E). Cht
bo tn ti trong sa dng hnh cu c kch thc rt nh t 0,1 15m . Mi th
cu m c bao bc bi mt lp mng mng. Mng ny rt bn, c tc dng bo
v, gi cho chng khng kt hp c vi nhau v bo v cht bo khi b phn
hu bi cc enzym c trong sa v do to ra mi i.
+ Gluxit: Lactoza chim v tr quan trng nht trong gluxit ca sa. Hm
lng lactoza trong sa thay i t 3,6 5,5%. Lactoza tn ti trong sa dng t
do v dng lin kt vi cc protein v cc gluxit khc. ngt ca lactoza km
sacaroza 30 ln, ha tan trong nc cng km hn. Lactoza l mt trong nhng
ngun nng lng quan trng, chng chuyn thnh hp cht nng lng cao, c th
tham gia vo tt c cc phn ng sinh ha. Ngoi ra chng cn cung cp nguyn
liu cho qu trnh tng hp mt s hp cht ho hc quan trng trong c th.
n v
2000
2005
2010
bnh qun mi
ngi
- Lng sa tiu Ngn lt
dng trong nc
2. S lng sa xut khu:
- Sa bt
(Quy ra sa ti)
- Sa c
(Quy ra sa ti)
Cng 1 + 2
7,7
6,2
2001-2005 2006-2010
Tn
(Ngn lt)
Ngn hp
Ngn lt
Ngn lt
34.400
258.000
1.000
1.000
719.000
44.000
330.000
1.104
1.104
998.104
56.000
5
420.000
1.219
2
1.219
1.321.219 6,8
5
2
5,8
Sa c
2%
1%
Sa bt
15%
10%
25%
20%
Sa chua cc loi
15%
15%
Kem cc loi
10%
10%
2005
2010
Tnh, thnh ph
Tng
Tng
n b
vt sa
n b
vt sa
61.103
27.499
78.591
35.365
Lm ng
4.533
2.000
7.385
3.300
II. Ty Nam B
9.913
4.461
26.011
11.696
9.578
4.310
32.270
14.508
IV. Bc Trung B
12.500
5.625
39.500
17.775
V. ng bng Bc B
21.217
9.545
49.100
22.095
VI.Vng ni pha Bc
18.917
8.512
38.382
17.270
Tng cng
137.761
61.952
252.239
113.459
1
I. ng Nam B
10
0,91 -0,95.
28-350C
- Nhit ng c:
18-26 0C
- Ch s it:
32-37
- Ch s x phng:
218 - 235
1,5 3.
26 - 30
- Ch s khc x:
1,453 - 1,462
11
Polypeptit
peptit
axit amin
26 -29 g/l
-lactoglobulin:
26 -29 g/l
-lactalbumin:
2,4 - 4 g/l
Imunoglobulin
0,8 -1,5g/l
12
Trong cc thnh phn trn, Cazein c coi l thnh phn quan trng nht
ca sa.V mt cu trc, cazein l cc ht cu c ng knh thay i t 40 - 200
mm v bng phng php ly tm ngi ta c th tp hp tt c cc ht ny th
lng nh keo c mu trng hoc kt ta cazein di dng ht mixen ln nh qu
trnh axit ho sa n pH ng in ( pH = 4,6 ).
2.1.3. ng lactoza:
L thnh phn ch yu ca ng cha trong sa, vi hm lng khong
50g/l, tn ti ch yu 2 dng v . Lactoza khi b thu phn to ra cc phn t
ng glucoza v mt phn t ng galactoza.
C12H22O11 + H2O
C6H12O6 + C6H12O6
Lactoza
Glucoza
Galactoza
Axit butilic
CH3CHOH-COOH
Axit propionic
13
C6H12O6 + C6H12O6
Lactoza
Glucoza
Galactoza
diaxetyl
axetoin
14
b. Cc enzym:
Cc enzym tn ti trong sa c ngha ln trong cng ngh ch bin sa v
cc sn phm sa cng nh bo qun sa, cc enzym trong sa c chia lm hai
nhm chnh.
Nhm enzym thu phn: gm Lipaza, photphataza, galactaza, proteaza,
amylaza. Trong , vai tr ca cc enzym Lipaza c tnh quyt nh n qu trnh
ch bin v bo qun sa. Lipaza c tc dng thu phn cht bo to thnh axit bo
v glyxerin c pH = 9,4.
Nhm enzym oxy ho: gm Reductaza, lactoperoxydaza, catalaza. Cc
enzym ny c vai tr quan trng trong qu trnh lm bin tnh sa.
2.1.7. Vi sinh vt trong sa:
Gm: Vi khun, nm men, nm mc.
Nm men: C dng hnh cu, elip, tr, kch thc ln nht t 2 - 9mm. Phn
ng cc loi chuyn ng thnh ru v sinh sn theo kiu ny chi.
Nm mc: Ch yu l Muco v Rhizopus. Cc loi nm mc ny gy nn
nhng bin ng khi sn xut cc sn phm nh: B, phomt. Ngoi ra cn c:
Penicillium, Aspergillus.
Vi khun: Hu ht c kch thc t bo ng nht, kch thc khng vt
qu vi micromet. Cc vi khun trong sa: Coccus, Bacterium... quan trng l vi
khun lactic.
Thng thng trong sa chng c c im:
+ H hp hiu kh hay ym kh tu tin.
+ Khng sn sinh ra cc hp cht nitrat.
+ Ln men cc loi ng cc iu kin khc nhau.
+ t hay khng tit ra enzym proteaza trong sa
Hai loi vi khun in hnh trong cng ngh ch bin sa l:
Streptococcus thermophillus. c coi l tc nhn ca s hnh thnh axit v
qu trnh chn ca phomt.
15
16
17
18
Cc thng s
Hm lng cht bo
Hm lng cht kh
pH
T trng
axit
Yu cu
3- 4 %
11,8- 12,8%
6,6
1,027 1,032
12 18oT
Cc thng s
Tng cht kh (%)
Hm lng cht bo (%)
Hm lng cht kh khng m (%)
Hm lng ng (%)
pH
Yu cu
15,8
3,2
8,6
4,0
6,4 6,8
19
- Mu sc: Khng mu
- Mi v: Khng
- Nitrat 30 mg/l
Ch tiu VSV:
- Tng s vi khun hiu kh 1000
cfu/ml
- Coliform 0/100 ml
Ch tiu ho l:
- pH: 7 - 8,5
- cng: 70 mg/l
- Hm lng Clo d 0,3 mg/l
- Hm lng st tng s 0,1 mg/l
20
Ch tiu cm quan
Tiu chun
Tinh th ng u khng vn cc
mu trng
V
V ngt c trng, khng c v l
Mi
Khng c mi l
Hm lng Saccharose 99,9%
Hm lng tro
0,03%
mu
30 ICUMSA
Hm lng m
0,05%
2 ppm
< 0,02%
10/10 g
Ch tiu vi sinh
Tp cht
ng kh
Nm men, nm mc
Clostridium
perfringens
Ch Pb
Quy cch ng gi
Date
Ch tiu ha l
0/g
5 ppm
50 kg/bao
Bao b gm 2 lp: PP v PE
Cn t nht 18 thng ti thi
im nhp
Yu cu
21
1
2
Cm quan
Trng thi
Ch tiu vi sinh
Mu sc
Tng s VSV
Mu trng nht.
Max 5000 cfu/g
Nm men
Nm mc
Enterobacteiaceae
Staphylococcus
E.coli
Salmonella
Ch tiu kim loi As
nng (mg/kg)
Pb
Hg
Cd
Quy cch ng gi
Thi hn s dng
Bao b c nhiu lp vi lp PE
ngoi
- Cn t nht 2/3 hn s dng,
22
23
24
25
26
27
Sa ti nguyn liu
2
X
3
X
4
X
5
X
6
X
7
X
8
x
10 11 12
X X X X
10 11 12
X X X X
Sa ti nguyn liu
2
X
3
X
4
X
5
X
6
X
7
X
8
x
28
Thng
S ngy
sn xut
trong
thng
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1 nm
31
28
31
30
31
30
31
31
30
31
30
31
365
Sa ti tit trng c
ng
S ngy sn
S ca sn
xut trong
xut trong
thng
thng
15
45
16
48
19
57
16
48
18
54
18
54
8
24
19
57
17
51
17
51
18
54
17
51
594
Vy mt nm lm 1032 ca.
4.5. Tnh cn bng vt cht:
Sn xut sn lng 160 tn sn phm/ngy.
Mt ngy nh my s sn xut c 20 gi, cn 4 h v sinh thit b.
160 tn sn phm s c chia lm 20 m.
Lng nguyn liu sa ti l 160 tn/ngy = 8 (tn/m) = 8 (tn/h).
i sang th tch:
8.000
= 7.692,307(l / me).
1,04
Gr 100
29
gh
8000
= 7692,307(l / me).
1,04
Gr 100
gh
7692,307
= 7770(l / me) .
(100 1)
7770 100
= 7785,578(l / me) .
(100 0,2)
7785,578 100
= 7793,372(l / me) .
(100 0,1)
30
7793,372 100
= 7801,173(l / me) .
(100 0,1)
7801,173 100
= 7808,98(l / me) .
(100 0,1)
STCH
T
Theo quy tc tam gic: 99,9 = 95,9 = 4
G=
4
4
= 8121,34
= 338,742 (kg/m).
99,9 4
95,9
338,742 100
= 340,444(kg / me) .
(100 0,5)
7775,456
= 7548,986(l / me)
1,03
31
M(cht bo)
3,9%
X(cht bo)
3,9%
T(cht bo)
40 %
Y(cht bo)
3,9%
Z(cht bo)
0,05 %
Z + Y(cht bo)
3,2%
32
X+Y=Z+T+Y=M
Theo cng thc ng cho Peason:
Vi lng sa ly tm tch bo
(Z) 0,05
36,1
(Z) 0,05
0,7
3,9
3,2
(T) 40
3,85
(Y) 3,9
3,15
Nh vy ta c:
Z
40 3,9
=
= 9,38
T
3,9 0,05
Z
3,9 3,2
=
= 0,22
Y
3,2 0,05
Kt qu:
Z = 1.382,737 (kg/m).
T = 147,402 (kg/m).
Z + T + Y = 7.814,458
Y = 6.284,7 ((kg/m).
Z = 1.382,737 (l/m).
7667,337
= 7440,016 (l/m).
1,03
7440,016 100
= 7451,467(l / me).
(100 0,1)
33
43166,666 100
= 43603 (hp).
(100 1)
34
X(cht bo)
3,9%
T(cht bo)
40 %
Y(cht bo)
3,9%
Z(cht bo)
0,05 %
Z + Y(cht bo)
3,2%
Z 0,05
36,1
Z 0,05
3,9
T 40
0,7
3,2
3.85
Y 3,9
3,15
35
Nh vy ta c
Z
40 3,9
=
= 9,38
T
3,9 0,05
Z
3,9 3,2
=
= 0,22
Y
3,2 0,05
Kt qu:
Z = 1.443,120(kg/m).
T = 153,637 (kg/m).
Z + T + Y = 8.156,609
Y = 6.559,637 (kg/m).
7777,443 100
= 7793,029(l / me).
(100 0,1)
7769,666 100
= 7777,443(l / me).
(100 0,1)
43166,666 100
= 43603 (hp).
(100 1)
36
G=
43167
= 1080(thng ).
40
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Nguyn vt liu v bn
thnh phm qua cc cng
on
Lc, tch kh
Lm lnh
Ly tm tch bo
Gia nhit, bi kh
ng ha
Thanh trng
Lu tr, gia nhit
Lng sa sau phi trn
Lng ng
Ph gia
Lng sa trc phi trn
Lc, tr m
ng ha
Tit trng UHT
Chit rt
S hp
Tiu hao
(%)
0,2
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,5
0,2
0,1
0,1
1
1
l/m
7.466,400
7.451,467
7.440,016
7.586,852
7.571,678
7.564,107
7.556,542
7.808,980
340,444
5,278
7.548,986
7.801,173
7.793,372
7.785,578
7.770,000
43.603,000
l/ngy
149.328,000
149.029,340
148.800,320
151.737,040
151.433,560
151.282,140
151.130,840
156.179,600
6.808,880
105,560
150.979,720
156.023,460
155.867,440
155.711,560
155.400,000
872.060,000
37
Bng 4.5. Bng tng kt tnh cn bng vt cht cho dy chuyn sn xut sa
ti tit trng khng ng:
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Nguyn vt liu v bn
thnh phm qua cc cng
on
Lc, tch kh
Lm lnh
Ly tm tch bo
Gia nhit, bi kh
ng ha
Thanh trng
Lu tr, gia nhit
Lng sa sau phi trn
Ph gia
Lng sa trc phi trn
Lc, tr m
ng ha
Tit trng UHT
Chit rt
S hp
Tiu hao
l/m
(%)
0,2
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,2
0,1
0,1
1
1
7.793,029
7.777,443
7.769,666
7.919,038
7.903,200
7.895,297
7.887,401
7.808,980
5,278
7.879,514
7.801,173
7.793,372
7.785,578
7.770,000
43.603,000
l/ngy
155.860,580
155.548,860
155.393,320
158.380,760
158.064,000
157.905,940
157.748,020
156.179,600
105,560
157.590,280
156.023,460
155.867,440
155.711,560
155.400,000
87.2060,000
38
(kg/m).
Tnh s xe l:
n=
8026,819
= 0,944 < 1
0.85 10 10 3
7793,029
= 0,974 < 1 .
8000
39
7777,443
= 0,972 < 1 .
8000
. D 2 . Ht
Chn: Ht = 1,3D.
h = 0,3D.
Chiu cao ton thit b l H0:
1
3
+ 2. ..
D2
.h
4
40
. D 2 .1,3.D
4
1
3
+ 2. ..
D2
.0,3.D
4
Ht
h = 0,3xD = 0,611(m).
H = 1,9xD = 3,874(m).
- Lng dch sa cn cha sau lm lnh l: 7.777,443
- Chn h s cha y l 0,85.
n=
7777,443
= 0,915 < 1
10.000 0,85
41
7.919,038
= 0,989 < 1
8000
Vy chn 1 thit b.
7. Thit b ly tm:
- Chn thit b ly tm lm sch Tetra Centri D407 SGP ca hng Tetra Pak
Thy in:
Nng sut: 8.000 lt/h
Kch thc ca thit b l 1200x800x1500 mm
Motor: 11 kW/h, dng in xoay chiu 3 pha 60 Hz, 400 V .
- Cng dng: lm sch ton b lng sa nguyn liu trc khi a i sn xut
Lng sa trc khi vo ly tm l: 7.769,666 (l/m).
S thit b cn l: n =
7769,666
= 0,971 < 1
8000
Vy chn 1 thit b
8. Bn cn trung gian v bn cha Cream:
Bn cn bng trung gian c dng hnh tr ng, y hnh chm cu, v thng
c lm bng thp khng g, bn trong thng c gn cc tm kim loi c tc dng
l khuy o, pha trn thng l ng c c gn vi cnh khuy nm st y.
Cng sut thit b: 3,9 KW/h.
* Tnh kch thc thng:
Gi D l ng knh ca thn hnh tr.
Ht l chiu cao ca thn hnh tr.
h l chiu cao ca thn hnh chm cu.
Chiu cao ton thit b l H:
H = Ht + 2x h = 1,3D +2x 0,3D = 1,9D
42
Gi
. D 2 . Ht
4
1
3
+ 2. ..
D2
.h
4
Chn: Ht = 1,3D.
h = 0,3D.
Chiu cao ton thit b l H0:
Vy H = Ht + 2x h = 1,3D +2x 0,3D = 1,9D.
Th Vtb =
. D 2 .1,3.D
4
1
3
+ 2. ..
D2
.0,3.D
4
D = 1,503 (m).
Ta tnh c kch thc ca thng:
Ht
Ht = 1,3xD = 1,953(m).
h = 0,3xD = 0,4509(m).
H = 1,9xD = 2,855(m).
y l bn cha chuyn sa t thit b ly tm sang thit b gia nhit, bn ch
cha tm thi trong 1 thi gian ngn nn 4.000 (l) l m bo.
Chn 2 bn: 1 bn trung gian v 1 bn cha cream c th tch 4000 (l).
9. Thit b gia nhit:
Chn thit b gia nhit c nng sut 8.000 (l/h).
Thit b gia nhit kiu tm bn c nhiu tm
Nhit 65 70 0C.
Kch thc ca thit b l: 500x2400x2000
Lng sa cn gia nhit trong cng on ny l: 7.719,038 (l/m).
Vy s thit b cn l: n =
Vy chn 1 thit b.
10. Thit b bi kh:
7719,038
= 0,964 < 1
8000
43
7719,038
= 0,964 < 1
8000
Vy chn 1 thit b.
11. Thit b thng ng ha:
Chn thit b ng ha c nng sut 8.000 (l/h).
Chn thit b ng ha 2 cp.
p lc 200 bar.
Lng sa trong cng on ng ha i sang th tch l: 7.903,2 (l/m)
S lng thit b cn l:
n=
7903,2
= 0,987 < 1
8000
Vy ta chn 1 thit b.
12. Thit b thanh trng:
Chn thit bi thanh trng c nng sut 8.000 (l/h).
Lng sa trong cng on thanh trng l: 7.895,297 (l/m).
S lng thit b l: n =
7895,297
= 0,986 < 1
8000
Vy chn 1 thit b.
Cng sut h thng thanh trng: 16 KW/h.
13. Bn cha sau thanh trng:
Bn cha sau thanh trng c dng hnh tr ng, y hnh chm cu, v
thng c lm bng thp khng g, bn trong thng c gn cc tm kim loi c
tc dng l khuy o, pha trn thng l ng c c gn vi cnh khuy nm
st y.
Cng sut thit b: 5 KW/h.
Tnh kch thc thng:
44
Gi
. D 2 . Ht
4
1
3
+ 2. ..
D2
.h
4
Chn: Ht = 1,3D
h = 0,3D
Chiu cao ton thit b l H0
Vy
Th
Vtb =
. D 2 .1,3.D
4
1
3
+ 2. ..
D2
.0,3.D
4
D = 2,039 (m)
Ta tnh c kch thc ca thng:
Ht
Ht = 1,3xD = 2,650(m)
h = 0,3xD = 0,611(m)
H = 1,9xD = 3,874(m)
- Lng dch sa cn cha sau thanh trng l: 7.895,297 (l/m).
- Chn h s cha y l 0,85
n=
7895,297
= 0,928 <1
10.000 0,85
45
7887,401
= 0,985 < 1 .
8000
Vy chn 1 thit b.
15. Thit b phi trn c cnh khuy:
- Chn b phi trn Tetra Almix 10 do Thy in sn xut
- c tnh k thut:
Cng sut: 8 000 lt/gi
Kch thc: 180 x 900 x 1400 mm
Cc c phn tip xc vi sn phm c lm bng thp khng g
Ngun in cung cp: 11,5 kW/h, in 3 pha 380V, 50 Hz.
- Cng dng: S dng bm tun hon trn cc nguyn liu nh ng.
cht n nh. hng vi sa ti nguyn liu.
Lng sa trc cng on trn l: 7.808,98(l/m).
S thit b phi trn l: n =
7808,98
= 0,976 < 1
8000
Vy chn 1 thit b.
16. Bn trn:
Bn trn c dng hnh tr ng, y hnh chm cu, v thng c lm bng
thp khng g, bn trong thng c gn cc tm kim loi c tc dng l khuy o,
pha trn thng l ng c c gn vi cnh khuy nm st y.
Cng sut thit b: 5 KW/h.
Tnh kch thc thng:
Gi
46
. D 2 . Ht
4
1
3
+ 2. ..
D2
.h
4
Chn: Ht = 1,3D
h = 0,3D
Chiu cao ton thit b l H0
Vy
Th
Vtb =
. D 2 .1,3.D
4
1
3
+ 2. ..
D2
.0,3.D
4
D = 2,039 (m).
Ta tnh c kch thc ca thng:
Ht
Ht = 1,3xD = 2,650(m).
h = 0,3xD = 0,611(m).
H = 1,9xD = 3,874(m).
- Lng dch sa cn cha sau trn l: 7.808,98 (l/m).
- Chn h s cha y l 0,8.
n=
7808,98
= 0,976 <1
10.000 0,8
47
Bn cha sau trn c dng hnh tr ng, y hnh chm cu, v thng c
lm bng thp khng g, bn trong thng c gn cc tm kim loi c tc dng l
khuy o, pha trn thng l ng c c gn vi cnh khuy nm st y.
Cng sut thit b: 5KW/h
Tnh kch thc thng:
Gi
. D 2 . Ht
4
1
3
+ 2. ..
D2
.h
4
Chn: Ht = 1,3D
h = 0,3D
Chiu cao ton thit b l H0
Vy H = Ht + 2x h = 1,3D +2x 0,3D = 1,9D
Th Vtb =
. D 2 .1,3.D
4
1
3
+ 2. ..
D2
.0,3.D
4
Ht
7.808,98 (l/m).
48
7808,98 2
= 0,918 <1
20.000 0,85
Chn 1 bn cha.
18. H thng lm lnh sau trn:
Chn thit b lm lnh nhanh kiu Alpha- Laval.
Nng sut 8.000 (l/h).
Cng sut tiu th 12,5 KW/h.
Tiu th nng lng: nc lnh 2 oC, 3 bar, 8.000 lt/h.
- Cng dng: lm lnh sa nguyn liu u vo t 12oC xung 4oC.
- Nguyn l hot ng: thit b trao i nhit dng tm.
Kch thc 200x500x900 (mm).
S lng thit b l n =
7808,98
= 0,976 < 1 .
8000
Chn 1 thit b.
19. Thit b lc khi bm sang thit b UHT:
Lng sa trc khi lc sang thit b UHT l: 7.801,173 (l/h).
Cng sut thit b: 6,6 KW/h.
Chn 1 thit b lc khung bn c nng sut 8.000 (l/m).
Kch thc 1600x800x1000.
S lng thit b l n =
7801,173
= 0,975 < 1
8000
Vy chn 1 thit b.
20. Thit b ng ha ln 2:
Chn thit b ng ha 2 cp.
Nng sut ca thit b l 8.000 (l/h).
p lc 200 bar.
Lng sa trong cng on l: 7.793,372 (l/m).
S lng thit b l: n =
7893,372
= 0,974 < 1
8000
49
7785,578
= 0,973 < 1
8000
Vy chn 1 thit b.
22. Bn cha sau UHT:
Lng sa sau UHT l 7785.78 (l/m).
Chn bn cha sau UHT c th tch 20.000 (lt).
Bn cha sau trn c dng hnh tr ng, y hnh chm cu, v thng c
lm bng thp khng g, bn trong thng c gn cc tm kim loi c tc dng l
khuy o, pha trn thng l ng c c gn vi cnh khuy nm st y.
Cng sut thit b: 7,5 KW/h.
Tnh kch thc thng:
Gi D l ng knh ca thn hnh tr.
Ht l chiu cao ca thn hnh tr.
50
. D 2 . Ht
4
1
3
+ 2. ..
D2
.h
4
Chn: Ht = 1,3D.
h = 0,3D.
Chiu cao ton thit b l H0.
Vy H = Ht + 2x h = 1,3D +2x 0,3D = 1,9D.
Th Vtb =
. D 2 .1,3.D
4
1
3
+ 2. ..
D2
.0,3.D .
4
Ht
7785,578 2
= 0,915 <1
20.000 0,85
Chn 1 bn cha.
51
7770
= 43166,666 (hp).
180 10 3
Trong mt m s hp l:
S thit b l: n =
43166,666
= 1,79 < 2
24000
52
Tn thit b
Xe bn
Tip nhn sa ti
Thit b lm lnh sau tip nhn.
Bn tm cha
Bn cn bng cho my ly tm
Thit b trao i nhit dng tm
Thit b ly tm
Bn cha sau ly tm
Bn cha cream
Thit b ng ha ln 1
H thng my thanh trng
Thit b tch kh
Bn cha sa sau thanh trng
H thng gia nhit trc khi phi trn
Thit b phi trn
Bn trn
H thng lm lnh sau trn
Bn cha sau phi trn
Thit b lc khi bm sang UHT
H thng UHT
Bn cha sau UHT
My chit rt A3 Speed
H thng my bao gi (my bn ng ht, ng
mng co, ng thng, indate)
Nng sut
(l/h).
9.708,737
8.000
8.000
10.000
1.000
8.000
8.000
4.000
4000
8.000
8.000
8.000
10.000
8.000
8.000
10.000
8.000
20.000
8.000
8.000
20.000
8.000
8.000
S
lng
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
53
S 6.1. S t chc nh my
1 ngi
1 ngi
- Phng ng lc:
2 ngi
3 ngi
2 ngi
- Phng bo tr:
2 ngi
54
3 ngi
- Phng y t:
2 ngi
- Phng QA:
5 ngi
- Phng k ton:
4 ngi
3 ngi
1 ngi
- V sinh.git l:
2 ngi
- Li xe:
2 ngi
- Nh n:
4 ngi
Tng s: 39 ngi.
Nhn lc lm vic trc tip:
Bng 6.1. Nhn lc lm vic trc tip.
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Nhim v
Li xe, ph xe mua nguyn liu
Tip nhn nguyn liu.lm lnh ly tm
Thanh trng
Phi trn
Tit trng UHT
Chit rt
Hon thin sn phm
Trng ca
T trng
CIP
Ngi t than
X l nc thi
X l nc cp
Trm bin p
Vn chuyn sn phm qua kho
Kho lnh
Thng k
Phng QA
Th kho
Kho thnh phm
S ngi/ca
6
1
1
3
1
2
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
4
1
1
S ngi/ ngy
6
3
3
9
3
6
15
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
6
3
6
12
3
1
55
21
22
Bo tr
Bo v
4
2
Tng
- Tng nhn lc ca nh my: 39+113=152 (ngi).
12
6
113
: 100 (mm)
+ Lp b tng chu lc
: 300 (mm)
+ Lp ct m
: 200 (mm)
: 300 (mm).
+ Lp btng dy
: 40 (mm).
56
57
46 0,5 = 23
ngi.
46 0,5 = 23 ngi.
0,2 23 = 4,6m 2
3 1,08 = 3,24m 2
3 0,8 = 2,4m 2 .
58
0,2 23 = 4,6m 2 .
3 1,08 = 3,24m 2 .
3 0,8 = 2,4m 2
Phng git l:
Chn kch thc phng 33m Din tch phng: 3 3 = 9 (m2)
Phng pht o qun v bo h lao ng:
Chn kch thc phng 33m .
Din tch phng: 3x3 = 9 (m2).
* Tng din tch nh sinh hot v sinh:
F1 = (4,6 + 3,24 + 2,4) 2 + 9 + 9 = 38,48m 2
m2.
59
N
n
863340
= 215,835 (pallet).
4000
- ng c cha trong bao 50kg, kch thc mi bao: 0,8 x 0,4 x 0,2 (m).
Trong kho cha, bao c t nm ngang, cc bao c chng ln nhau
thnh tng chng, mi chng xp 15 bao.
- Chiu cao mi chng l: 0,2 x 15 = 3 (m).
- Din tch mi bao nm ngang l: 0,8 x 0,4 = 0,32 (m2).
- H s tnh n khong cch gia cc bao: a = 1,1.
60
m2.
N
n
863340
= 21.583,5 (thng).
40
21.583,5
= 134,896 (pallet).
160
61
62
63
Tn cng trnh
Kch thc (m)
100 25 8
Phn xng sn xut chnh
4 3 4
Phng bo v (2)
20 8 8
Khu hnh chnh
20 8 4
Nh n
48 85 8
Khu vc kho thnh phm
100 60 8
Kho nguyn vt liu
6 4 6
Trm bin p
10 4 6
Khu x l nc thi
9 6 6
Phn xng c in
8 6 6
Kho ha cht.nhin liu (vt t k thut)
9 6 6
Nh ni hi
6 6 6
Nh pht in d phng
6 6 6
lnh trung tm
12 5
Khu cung cp nc v x l nc
D = 4, H = 4
i nc
12 5,5 4
Nh xe (2)
Nh v sinh, git l, pht o qun bo h
17
lao ng
8 6 4
8 6 4
18 Gara t
19 Nh xe bn v ch hng
15 7 6
6 4 4
20 Kho ha cht
Tng din tch cc cng trnh
6.3. TNH KHU T XY DNG NH MY
6.3.1. Din tch khu t:
Fkd =
Fxd
K xd
64
13.567
= 38.762,857( m 2 ).
0,35
Fsd
Fkd
Trong :
Ksd: h s s dng, n nh gi ch tiu kinh t k thut tng mt bng nh my .
Fsd: din tch s dng nh my .
Fsd = Fcx + Fgt + Fxd .
Trong :
23.335,24
= 0,602 .
38.762,857
65
66
67
Ptd
Po
68
STT
Tn cng trnh
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Tng
Din
Ptd
Po
nc
Pcs
Pt
tch. Sp ri
2
W/m (W) (W) (ci) (W)
(m2) (Lux)
2500
50
11,3 28250 200 141 28200
12
10
3,6
43,2
40
80
160
48
160
160
4080
6000
24
40
54
48
54
36
36
60
10
20
30
20
40
40
10
20
20
10
40
27
20
10
20
10
10
10
3,6
4
4
4
7
7
3,6
6
6
3,6
7
7
7
3,6
6
3,6
3,6
3,6
576
192
640
640
28560
42000
86,4
240
324
172,8
378
252
252
216
0
172,8
378
86,4
40
40
40
40
200
200
40
100
40
40
100
100
100
100
100
40
40
40
14
5
16
16
143
210
2
2
8
4
4
3
3
2
9
4
9
2
560
200
640
640
28600
42000
80
200
320
160
400
300
300
200
900
160
360
80
104380
48
105
24
69
Tn thit b
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Tip nhn sa ti
Thit b lm lnh t xe bn vo.
Bn tm cha
Bn cn bng cho my ly tm
Thit bi trao i nhit dng tm
Thit b ly tm
Bn cha sau ly tm
H thng my thanh trng
Thit b tch kh
Bn cha sa sau thanh trng
H thng gia nhit trc khi phi trn
Thit b phi trn
Bn cha cream
Bn trn
H thng lm lnh sau trn
Bn cha sau phi trn
Thit b lc khi bm sang UHT
H thng UHT
Bn cha sau UHT
My chit A3 speed
H thng my bao gi (my bn ng
21
ht, ng mng co, ng thng, indate)
22 Bm HPT
23 Bm ly tm
Tng
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
Cng sut
tiu th KW
7,5
7,5
5
2,2
7
11
3,9
16
5,5
5
10,5
11,5
3,9
5
12,5
5
6,6
16
7,5
11
Tng cng
sut
7,5
7,5
10
2,2
7
11
3,9
16
5,5
10
10,5
11,5
3,9
10
12,5
5
6,6
16
7,5
22
29
29
6
8
1
2
6
16
237,1
S lng
70
71
Xc nh s t in:
S lng t in cn dng:
n=
Qp
q
222,962
= 22,29 22 .
10
Vy chn n = 22t.
Sau khi chn t ta th li v tnh c cos thc t theo cng thc sau:
Ptt 2
Costt =
P 2 tt 2 + ( Qtt 2 n.q )
Costt =
246,64
2
= 0,916
Chn my bin p
Pchn =
Ptt
246,64
=
= 269,257 (KVA).
Costt
0,916
72
73
7.2.1.2. Lng nhit cn dng cho qu trnh gia nhit trc bi kh:
Q2 = GsCs (t2 t1) kcal.
Trong :
Gs: l lng sa cn gia nhit.
t2: nhit sa sau khi gia nhit.
t1: nhit sa trc khi gia nhit.
Cs: Nhit dung ring ca sa c kh 12,5%.
Cs = Cn (1- B) + CckB kcal/kg.oC.
Trong :
Cn: nhit dung ring ca nc, kcal/kg.oC.
Cck: nhit dung ca cht kh, kcal/kg.oC.
B: hm lng cht kh, %
Cs =1(1 0,125) + 0,95 0,125 = 0,994kcal / kg .o C
74
Gs = 8.132,155(kg/m).
t 2 = 75o C , t1 = 600 C
Q 4 = 8.132,155 0,994 (75 60) = 121.250,431( kcal ) .
7.2.1.5. Lng nhit cn dung cho qu trnh gia nhit trc trn:
Q5 = GsCs (t2 t1) kcal.
Trong :
75
76
Vy lng hi cn cp l:
D=
1.005.763,025
= 2.138,374kg
(649,3 126,7) 0,9
G (i h i n )
Q.
77
Trong :
Q: nhit lng ca du . Q = 6728,2 kcal/kg .
G: nng sut hi . G =2.604,548 kg/h .
: hiu sut l hi . = 70 % .
ih: hm nhit ca hi p sut lm vic . ih = 657,3 kcal/kg .
in: hm nhit ca nc p sut lm vic . in = 152,2 kcal/kg .
D=
Xng:
Du DO:
Du nhn:
Trong o:
Gs: khi lng sa ti (kg/m)
Cs: Nhit dung ring cua sa ti (kcal/kg.oC)
t1. t2: nhit sa trc va sau khi lam lanh (oC)
- Gs = 8017.211 kg/m
- Cs = 0.994 kcal/kg.oC (vi ham lng cht kh la 12.5%)
- t1 = 10oC, t2 = 4oC
Q1 = 8017,211 0,994 (10 4) = 47871,953 (kcal/m)
7.3.2. Chi ph lnh cho qu trnh thanh trng:
Sa s c lm ngui bng nc xung 35 0C ri mi lm ngui tip lnh.
78
Trong o:
Gs: khi lng sa ti (kg/ca)
Cs: Nhit dung ring cua sa ti (kcal/kg.oC)
t1, t2: nhit sa trc va sau khi lam lanh (oC)
- Gs = 8.132,155 kg/m
- Cs = 0.994 kcal/kg.oC (vi ham lng cht kh la 12.5%)
- t1 = 75oC, t2 = 35oC
Qn1 = 8132,155 0,994 (75 35) = 322.683,910 (kcal/m).
Lng nc cn lm ngui l:
Theo nh lun bo ton ta c:
Qn1 = Qn = m.cn .(t s t t )
322.683,910
Trong o:
Gs: khi lng sa ti (kg/ca).
Cs: Nhit dung ring cua sa ti (kcal/kg.oC).
t1. t2: nhit sa trc va sau khi lam lanh (oC).
- Gs = 8131.595 kg/m.
- Cs = 0.994 kcal/kg.oC (vi ham lng cht kh la 12.5%).
- t1 = 35 oC, t2 = 6 oC
Q2 = 8132,155 0,994 (35 6) = 234.417,5 (kcal/m).
7.3.3. Chi ph lnh cho qu trnh tit trng:
Sa sau khi tit trng s c lm ngui bng nc lnh xung 35 0C.
Qn 2 = Gs Cs (t1 t 2 ) . (kg/m).
79
Trong o:
Gs: khi lng sa ti (kg/ca).
Cs: Nhit dung ring cua sa ti (kcal/kg.oC).
t1, t2: nhit sa trc va sau khi lam lanh (oC).
- Gs = 8097,001 kg/m.
- Cs = 0.992 kcal/kg.oC (vi ham lng cht kh la 15,8%).
- t1 = 90 oC, t2 = 35 oC.
Q2 = 8.097,001 0,992 (90 35) = 443.690,376 (kcal/m).
Lng nc cn lm ngui l:
Theo nh lun bo ton ta c:
Qn1 = Qn = m.cn .(t s t t )
443.690,376
3
Suy ra: c(t t ) = 1 (35 25) = 44.369,037(l ) = 44,369m
s
t
(kg/m).
80
2,604 m3/h=62,496(m3/ngy)
24 1,5 = 36 (m3/h).
81
Tn cng trnh
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Din tch
(m2)
ngi
Thnh tin
2500
48
160
160
4080
6000
24
40
54
48
54
36
36
60
12,5
132
(106 /m2)
1,5
0,8
1,3
1
1
1
0,8
0,9
0,8
0,8
0,8
0,8
0,8
0,9
1
0,8
(106 )
3750
38,4
208
160
4080
6000
19,2
36
43,2
38,4
43,2
28,8
28,8
54
12,5
105,6
48
0,8
38,4
48
105
0,8
0,8
38,4
84
24
0,8
19,2
14.826,1
Tng
Gi V1 vn u t cho xy dng, Vy V1 = 14.826,1 10 6 (ng).
Vn u t xy dng cc cng trnh ph:
82
Tn thit b
Xe bn
Tip nhn sa
Thit b lm lnh t xe bn ln
Bn tm cha
Bn cn bng cho my ly tm
Thit b trao i nhit dng tm
Thit b ly tm
Bn cha sau ly tm
H thng my thanh trng
Bn cha sa sau thanh trng
H thng gia nhit trc khi phi trn
Thit b phi trn
Thit bn cha cream
Bn trn
H thng lm lnh sau trn
Bn cha sau phi trn
Thit b lc khi bm sang UHT
H thng UHT
Bn cha sau UHT
My chit rt
My pht in
My bin p
L hi
H thng kh nn
S lng
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
n gi (106)
1200
600
450
600
400
435
1000
400
540
700
600
750
540
380
450
600
220
1500
929
3000
65
70
700
700
Thnh tin
2400
600
450
1200
400
435
1000
400
540
1400
600
750
540
760
450
600
220
1500
929
6000
65
70
700
700
83
STT
24
25
26
27
29
30
31
32
Tn thit b
H thng x l nc
My mc phn xng c in
My mc phng th nghim
CIP
Bm ly tm
Bm HPT
H thng lm lnh
Tng
S lng
1
1
1
1
8
6
1
n gi (106)
900
700
1600
950
30
15
750
Thnh tin
900
700
1600
950
240
90
750
27.939
84
'
85
Danh mc
Nc
in
Du DO
Du FO
Xng
Du nhn
n gi
n v
S lng
(103 )
6
1,5
21
15
22
50
m3
Kw
lt
lt
lt
lt
179.470,992
2.066.862,931
2752
2.306.115,456
206400
3440
Tng
Thnh tin
(106 )
1.076,825
3.100,294
57.792
34.591,855
4.540,8
172
43.899,566
STT
Danh mc
n v
1
2
3
Sa ti
ng RE
Bao b hp giy
Ph gia (cht n nh,
cht nh ha).
lt
kg
ci
(103 )
12
20
1
kg
150
S lng
(l/nm).
Thnh tin
53.616.039,52
2.242.254,72
294.017.094
(106 )
643.392,474
46.845,094
294.017,094
36.312,64
5.446,896
Tng
989.701,558
86
Mt hng
Sa ti
87
+ Chi ph khc bng tin (chi ph qun l x nghip, chi ph phn xng, chi
ph ngoi sn xut).
Trc ht, tnh chi ph sn xut chung cho c 2 mt hng, sau nhn vi h
s phn b s c chi ph sn xut chung ca tng mt hng.
Khu hao ti sn c nh:
H = Hxd + Htb =3.855,582+1.037,777=4.893,359 (ng/nm).
Chi ph bo dng my mc thit b, sn sa cng trnh xy dng:
+ Chi ph bo dng thit b: (ly 10 % vn u t cho thit b)
10% x V2 = 3.855,82.106 (ng/nm).
+ Chi ph sn sa cng trnh xy dng:
(ly 5% vn u t cho xy dng)
5% V'1 = 1.037,777 10 6 (ng/nm).
106(ng/nm).
GT =
FT
QT
88
Trong :
- QT: nng sut ca dy chuyn sa ti. Q = 52,923.106 lt/nm
-
1.061.637,662 . 10 6
52,923
GT =
= 20.060,040 (ng/lt).
20.060,040
= 3.610,807
1
(ng/hp).
0,18
(ng/nm)
8.5.2. Tnh tng vn u t:
Vn lu ng:
VL = F = 1.061.637,662 106 (ng/nm)
Tng vn u t:
VT = VC + VL = 1.061.637,662 106 + 59.311,36 106
=1.20.949,022 106 (ng/nm).
8.5.3. Tnh doanh thu (thu VAT):
Doanh thu/nm =gi bn doanh s/nm
89
sa
ti
52,923
Dung
Gi
Gi
Nng sut
Doanh thu
tch
thnh
bn
(hp/nm)
(106./nm)
hp(ml)
(/hp) (/hp)
294.017.09 3.610,80
180
5.850
1.720.000
4
7
ly 28% doanh thu
(ng/nm)
VC
59.311,36 10 6
=
= 4,389 (nm).
LN + H
8.619,985 + 4.893,359
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
2
3
5
6
Cm quan: mi v, mu
sc, trng thi.
Ly tm tch bo Phn trm tch bo cn
tch ra
Sa sau thanh VSV tng s (TPC),
trng
Ha l: nhit sa vo,
sa ra.
Sa sau khi trn Thi gian trn, cht n
nh v ph gia tan
cha, thi gian tun
hon, lng ng
tan cha, nhit trn.
Tiu chun ha Kim tra bo
Mi ln tch
bo
Thi gian
khuy u
t yu cu
t yu cu
t yu cu
t yu cu
t yu cu
t yu cu
98