Thnh ph H Ch Minh Thng 10 2012 B CNG THNG TRNG I HC CNG NGH THC PHM --------------------
B MN PH GIA THC PHM
Gio vin hng dn : MC XUN HA
DANH SCH NHM: 1. Trn Nguyn Yn Linh 2005100037 2. Phm Trn Qunh Nh 2005100066 3. Mai Th Ngc Bch 2005100096 4. Vn Th Don 2005100462
Thnh ph H Ch Minh Thng 10 2012 Trng i Hc Cng nghip Thc phm
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LI CM N
c th hon thnh bi tiu lun ny trong khong thi gian tng i ngn, ng thi gp chng em tip thu tt nhng kin thc ca mn hc Ph gia thc phm l nh mt phn khng nh nhng s gip chn thnh ca nhiu ngi. Do vy, nhm chng em xin chn thnh by t lng cm n su sc n Ban Gim Hiu Nh Trng cung cp c s vt cht v cc iu kin hc tp khc, c bit l ging vin b mn Mc Xun Ha, ngi trc tip ging dy v trang b nhng kin thc c bn lm nn tng l lun cho bi tiu lun ca chng em. Mc d c gng ht sc nhng do nhiu nguyn nhn khch quan v ch quan nn chc hn khng trnh khi thiu st. Rt mong nhn c s thng cm v chn thnh gp ca thy v cc bn. Xin chn thnh cm n.
Tp H Ch Minh, thng 10 nm 2012 Tp th nhm
Trng i Hc Cng nghip Thc phm
4 MC LC
LI M U...5 CHNG I : GII THIU V NG ASPARTAME..7 1.1 S lc cc loi ng.7 1.2 Khi nim ng Aspartame...8 1.3 Tnh cht......9 1.4 Quy nh v vic s dng ng Aspartame10 1.5 Phng php iu ch Aspartame.11 1.6 ng dng ca Aspartame trong thc phm..13 1.7 Tc hi khi s dng Aspartame qu liu14 CHNG II : VN THI S CA NG ASPARTAME....15 2.1 C ch ca Aspartame khi vo c th...15 2.2 Nhng tranh ci trong vic s dng Aspartame..17 2.3 Kt lun....21 CHNG III : KT LUN...21 TI LIU THAM KHO..23
Trng i Hc Cng nghip Thc phm
5 LI M U
T xa, vic s dng cc cht ph gia trong thc phm tr nn v cng quen thuc: l da to mi thm, ht iu mu ly mu vng cam, l cm ly mu hng tm, thm t vi tru vo rau c lm cng, gc to mu , lm tr dng sen to mi, nu sp dng bt nng lm qunh, Ngy nay, cng vi s pht trin ca kinh t, x hi, c bit l xu th cng nghip ha, hin i ha cc ngnh sn xut, con ngi khng ch cn n no m cn yu cu thc phm phi c mi thm, v phi m v gy hiu ng th gic tt. Vi th trng mi y tim nng to cho cc nh sn xut v ch bin thc phm mt cuc chy ua cnh tranh trong tng sn phm. C nhiu yu t nh hng n mi v v hiu ng th gic ca sn phm nh ngun nguyn liu, cng ngh sn xut, bn cht sn phm v mt trong nhng yu t quan trng quyt nh s thnh cng ca sn phm l vic la chn v s dng cht ph gia thch hp cho tng loi sn phm.. Cht ph gia c th to mu, to mi, to kt cu cho sn phm, ngoi ra n cn c th ko di thi gian bo qun ca thc phm. Nhng nu s dng khng ng mc ch hay qu liu lng cho php c th gy h hi cho sn phm, gy ng c thm ch gy t vong cho ngi s dng. V vy, vic nghin cu Cht ph gia s gip cho ta c mt nn tng kin thc c bn, mt ci nhn chnh xc c th bit cch s dng v pht huy ht ch li to ln ca n trong vic sn xut v ch bin thc phm. c ci nhn chnh xc v li ch cng nh tc hi ca cht ph gia thc thm ta cn phi nghin cu cu to cng nh cc tnh cht ni bt ca n. Khng th p dng 1 cht ph gia cho nhiu loi thc phm vi liu lng nh nhau. Nn mc tiu ca nghin cu l ch ra c nguyn nhn v sao cc cht ph gia c hi hay c li. Hin nay, c khong 600 cht ph gia c trong sn xut, ch bin thc phm. M, mi nm s dng ti trn 30000 tn cht ph gia thc phm . Cho thy vic s dng cht ph gia trong thc phm ngy cng ph bin. Cng vi s i ln ca x hi v cuc sng gp gp thi cng nghip, cc chui ca hng vi cc loi thc n nhanh mc ln nh nm nhm p ng nhu cu cp thit cho mi ngi. Nhng ko theo l mt h ly v cng nghim trng: t l ngi mc bnh nhi mu c tim, m trong mu c bit l bnh bo ph ngy cng tng cao. p ng nhu cu s dng cht lm ngt c th l ng nhng vn m bo khng gy hi n sc khe ngi tiu dng, cc nh ha hc thc phm to ra Trng i Hc Cng nghip Thc phm
6 loi ng ngt hn ng ma thong thng 200 ln li khng sinh ra nng lng gy hi cho sc khe chnh l ng Aspartame. ng Aspartame ngy cng c s dng ph bin cho thy nhu cu thc s v cp thit ca ngi tiu dng i vi n. Thng qua bi tiu lun ny, chng em mun gii thiu mt cch ngn gn nhng c th v ng Aspartame v ch li to ln ca n trong ngnh cng nghip thc phm.
Trng i Hc Cng nghip Thc phm
7 CHNG I GII THIU V NG ASPARTAME
1.1 S LC CC LOI NG ng sinh hc dng cho chuyn ha t bo l glucose nhng trong thc t cuc sng chng ta thng a vo c th cc dng ng n, ng a nh fructose, mantose, saccharose, tinh bt... ly t cc loi hoa, c, qu, thn cy ma, c ci, mt ong... vn c sn trong t nhin. Cc loi ng ha hc ch to v ngt ch khng chuyn ha c, dng trong vic iu tr cho nhng ngi bnh tha cn hay i tho ng. Cc ng tng hp nh: saccharin, manitol, acesulfam K, aspartame, isomalt, sorbitol, sucraloza c php s dng trong ch bin thc phm vi gii hn ti a v c quy nh ca B Y t. ng ha hc (hay l cht ngt tng hp) l cht khng c trong t nhin, thng c v ngt rt cao so vi ng knh saccharose v khng h c mt gi tr dinh dng no khc.
Trng i Hc Cng nghip Thc phm
8 Hnh 1.1 Cc loi ng
1.2 KHI NIM NG ASPARTAME Aspartame l cht ngt tng hp c php s dng trong thc phm vi m s INS l E951, l mt loi ng ha hc khng cha calo. Tn: Aspartyl phenylamin metyl ester K hiu: APM Tn ha hc : 3-Amino-N-( carbomethoxy-phenyletyl)-acid succinamic Hay: N-L--aspartyl-L-phenyllamin-1-metyl ester Cng thc ho hc l C 14 H 18 N 2 O 5 . Khi lng phn t: 294,31 Ngoi quan: Tinh th mu trng, khng mi c v ngt mnh. Chc nng: cht to ngt Gc quay cc ring: []20D +14,5 o - 16,5 o
Tnh tan: t tan trong nc v ethanol pH: 4,5-6,0
Hnh 1.2 : Cng thc cu to ca Aspartame
Trng i Hc Cng nghip Thc phm
9 V ngt ca aspartame c tm ra cng hon ton ngu nhin bi Jame Schlatter. Cht ny c nh ha hc James Schlatter lm vic cho tp on GD Searle pht hin rt tnh c vo nm 1965 trong khi ng ang th nghim thuc chng l lot vt thng. ng lm mt t aspartame dnh ln tay. ng ngh cht ny khng c nn tip tc cng vic m khng ra tay. V th l ng tnh c pht hin ra v ngt ca aspartam khi nm phi n trn ngn tay. Rt nhiu t chc quc t v quc gia cng nhn s an ton ca ng ha hc Aspartame v cht ny cng c y ban Khoa hc ca T chc Nng Lng Quc T (FAO) v T chc Y t Th gii (WHO) cng b chun ADI (Liu lng cho php dng hng ngy). Hin nay, aspartame l cht ngt rt c a chung. N c s dng rng ri trn th gii vi s hin din trong hn 6000 loi thc phm khc nhau nh bnh ko, yogurt, trong cc thc ung t nhit nng nh Coke diete, Pepsi diete vvv c trong dc phm. Aspartame c thng mi ho di mt s tn nh Canderel, Equal, NutraSweet, Sanecta, Tri-Sweet, Aminosweet, Spoonful, sino sweet..
Hnh 1.3 Sn phm thng mi ca Aspartame
1.3 TNH CHT L mt dipeptid, n ngt hn saccharose khong 180 - 200 ln. V ngt ca aspartame kh ging ng. V ngt ny c cm nhn chm hn v ko di lu hn so vi ng. Khng li d v kh chu, tuy nhin mt s ngi nhy cm cho rng ng ny li trn li mt hu v khng ngon. iu ny c th khc phc bng cch trn aspartame vi cc loi ng khc (nh acesulfame K hay saccharine). Trng i Hc Cng nghip Thc phm
10 Ging nh cc dipeptid khc, aspartam c cha nng lng khong 4 Kcal/g (17 Kj/g). Tuy nhin, ch cn mt lng rt nh aspartam to ra ngt cn thit. Do nng lng chng ta a vo c th s khng ng k. Aspartame rt c a chung trong vic s dng thay th ng trong cc sn phm thc phm dnh cho ngi n king. Khi vo c th, bn thn aspartame khng hp th vo mu m tan ra trong rut thnh ba cht: aspartic acid (40%), phenylalanin (50%) v methanol (10%). Khng n nh nhit v pH cao. Phn hy dn trong nc nn nc ngt c aspartam khng gi c lu. 1.4 QUY NH V VIC S DNG NG ASPARTAME Nhiu t chc c uy tn hin nay ng h vic s dng aspartame trong hn mc cho php, bao gm T chc Nng lng Quc t (FAO), T chc Y t Th gii (WHO), y ban Qun l Dc-Thc phm M (FDA). Liu dng cho php ca aspartame mi ngy (ADI) l nh hn hoc bng 40 mg/kg th trng. y l mt trong nhng hm lng cho php s dng cao nht trong s cc ph gia thc phm. Ti Vit Nam, aspartame c php s dng cho cc sn phm nh ung, ko, bia, ru vi mc ch lm to ngt, iu v vi ADI cng t 0 40 mg/kg, ging nh kin ngh ca cc t chc uy tn trn th gii. Trn nhng sn phm c s dng aspartame s phi ghi tn aspartame hoc aspartame hay ghi m s 951. Vit Nam, theo Quyt nh ca B trng B Y T, S 3742/2001/Q-BYT ngy 31 thng 8 nm 2001 ca B trng B Y t v cc cht ph gia c php s dng trong thc phm. c ghi trong bng sau:
Bng: 1.1. Gii hn ti a cht ph gia aspartame trong thc phm [5] SttNhm thc phmML Stt Nhm thc phm ML 1 ung c sa, c hng liu hoc ln men (VD: sa s c la, sa cacao, bia trng, sa chua ung, sa c) 600 2 Qu thanh trng pasteur ng hp hoc ng chai 1000 Trng i Hc Cng nghip Thc phm
11 3 Mt, mt c c, mt hoa qu 1000 4 Hoa qu ngm ng 2000 5 Rau thanh trng pasteur ng hp, ng chai hoc ng ti 1000 6 Bt nho t cacao 3000 7 Ko cng, ko mm, ko nuga... 10000 8 Ko cao su 10000 9 Sn phm dng trang tr thc phm 5000 10 Du trn, gia v (bao gm cc cht tng t mui) 2000 11 Nc rau, qu p 2000 12 Necta rau qu 2000 13 Bia v nc gii kht ch bin t mch nha 600 14 Ru vang 600
1.5 PHNG PHP IU CH ASPARTAME
Hnh 1.4 tinh th Aspartame
Trng i Hc Cng nghip Thc phm
12 Aspartame c cu to t acid aspartic, phenylalanin v metanol. Cc thnh phn ny u tn ti trong t nhin. Tuy nhin bn thn aspartam khng tn ti trong t nhin. N c iu ch thng qua cc qu trnh ln men v tng hp. Ln men Dng s lng ln cc vi khun c trng gm Bacillus flavum v Corynebacterium glutamicum sn xut ra cc acid amin L-aspratic v L-phenylalanin. Mi trng l tng cho s pht trin ca vi khun gm nc m, thc n, ngun cacbon v ngun nit. Thc n l cc loi cacbonhydrat nh mt ma, ng glucose hoc saccharose. Ngun cacbon nh acid acetic, ru hoc cc hidrocacbon. Ngun nit nh NH 3 lng hoc ur. l nhng iu kin ch yu vi khun tng hp ra cc acid amin mong mun. Ngoi ra cn mt s cc yu t khc nh cc vitamin, acid amin Tng hp Aspartame c th c tng hp bng nhiu phng php ha hc khc nhau. Mt phng php thng dng nh sau : u tin cc acid amin phi qua qu trnh x l: L - Phenylalanin thu c t qu trnh ln men c cho phn ng vi metanol to thnh hp cht gi l L phenylalanin metyl ester. Cn acid aspartic phi qua mt qu trnh phn ng che cc v tr trong phn t c th nh hng n phn ng to aspartame, m bo phn ng ch xy ra cc v tr cn thit. Sau khi c x l ph hp, chng c bm vo bnh phn ng v trn ln trong 24 gi nhit phng. K nhit c tng ln 65 0 C (149 0 F) v duy tr trong 24 gi na. Sau phn ng c lm ngui n nhit phng. N c pha long vi dung mi thch hp v c lm kt tinh -18 0 C (0 0 F). Tinh th thu c s c lc tch ring ra ri lm kh. Nhng tinh th ny ch l sn phm trung gian v dng cho phn ng k. Chng c chuyn ha thnh aspartam bng phn ng vi acid acetic. Phn ng ny c thc hin trong mt ci bn ln cha dung dch acid, cht xc tc Pd v H 2 . Chng c trn ln v cho phn ng trong 12 gi. Trng i Hc Cng nghip Thc phm
13 Cht xc tc Pd c loi b bng cch lc v chng ct thu dung mi. Phn cht rn cn li c tinh ch bng cch ha tan trong dung dch etanol v c kt tinh li. Nhng tinh th ny s c lc v lm kh cho ra sn phm cui cng l bt aspartam.
Hnh 1.5: Qui trnh tng hp aspartame
1.6 NG DNG CA ASPARTAME TRONG THC PHM Aspartame c s dng cho vic sn xut cc sn phm khng s dng ng thng thng, thp calorie v n king nh: Nc ung c gas, nc tri cy v sir (s dng cc dng sau: Regular Powder, regular Granular, Fine Granular Cc cht ngt dng c c, dng bt, dng lng (thch hp dng cc dng Regular Powder, Fine Powder, Regular Granular, Fine Granular) ng dng trong cc sn phm s c la cng hoc s c la mm, thc ung hn hp v thc n trng ming nhanh (s dng cc dng: Regular Powder, Fine Powder) Trng i Hc Cng nghip Thc phm
14 Dng cho cc sn phm nh sa chua, thc n ng lnh (s dng cc dng: Regular Powder, Fine Powder) Cc sn phm bnh ko: chewing gum, ko thm, bc h, s c la, tri cy,(D ng Regular Powder, Fine Powder) Dng trong dc phm: thuc vin, si r, bt hn hp, vin si ( dng cc dng: Regular Powder, Fine Powder, Regilar Granular, Fine Granular) SinoSweet cung cp nhiu loi: Regular Powder (Dng bt thng thng): 90% sn phm c mesh l 120 mesh. Regular Granular (Dng ht thng thng): khong 1.5% sn phm ln hn 20 mesh v khong 3% sn phm l ln hn 60 mesh hay ni cch khc l dng ht thng thng th mesh l t 20-60 mesh. Fine Powder (Dng bt mn) (khong 95% sn phm c mesh l 350 mesh) Fine Granular (Dng ht nh) (khong 1.5% sn phm c mesh ln hn 60 mesh v khong 5% sn phm c mesh trn 100 mesh hay ni cch khc th dng ht nh c mesh t 60-100 mesh) Table- top Series (Dng ng vin nn, ng dng ti)
Hnh 1.6 Cc sn phm c cha ng Aspartame
1.7 TC HI KHI S DNG ASPARTAME QU LIU Trng i Hc Cng nghip Thc phm
15 Tuy c ch li v cng to ln, ng gp nhiu trong cc loi thc phm thit yu hin nay nhng nu khng tun th cc quy nh v s dng Aspartame, cc nh sn xut c th gy hu qu nghim trng i vi ngi tiu dng. Aspartame c th gy ra: Ri lon, thiu nng lng hat ng, gim tnh lanh li (decreased alertness), gim st tr nh, n khng ngon. Ci cc, tnh lnh m, h hng (apathy), bp tht teo li, v yu t. Pht trin chm, cc nhim sc th v da, tc, mt, u b mt, v nhiu s au nhc kinh khng hin ra. Thm ch c th dn n ung th gy cht ngi.
CHNG II VN THI S CA NG ASPARTAME
2.1 C CH CA ASPARTAME KHI VO C TH Trong ng Aspartame c 3 thnh phn cn bit: methyl ester, phenylalanine v aspartic acid.
Hnh 2.1 Cu to ca Aspartame 2.1.1 Methyl ester Trng i Hc Cng nghip Thc phm
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Hnh 2.2 Cu trc phn t ca Methyl ester Trong Aspartame, phenylalanine hp vi methanol vi s hin din ca cht xc tc l hydrochloric acid cho ta phn ng ca nhm acid trn nhm phenylalanine. Phn ng thnh hnh gi l methyl ester ca phenylalanine. Hai thnh phn ca aspartame phenylalanine v aspartic acid c nhng phn t m tm khng i xng, ngha l chng l cht ng phn nhng d cu trc, nn chng khng chng hnh nh ln nhau qua lng knh. Methyl ester ca dipeptide, l khi c iu kin thch hp trong mi trng base mnh hay acid mnh, thi b thy phn (hydrolysis) cho ta methanol (Davis et al, 1998) c th sinh c gy hi cho c th. 2.1.2 Phenylalanine
Hnh 2.3 Cu trc phn t ca Phenylalanine Phenylalanine l mt trong nhng amino acid thit yu cho con ngi v tn ti trong cc thc phm t thin nhin. N l s tng hp gia tyrosine v mt s loi neurotransmitters. Nu phenylalanine d tha trong c th th n s b phn nh ra thnh fumarate v acetoacetate, c hai cht ny tham gia mt phn trong vic bin i v to nng lng. Trng i Hc Cng nghip Thc phm
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Hnh 2.4 Cu trc phn t ca Fumarate v Acetoacetate Vic d tha qu nhiu Phenylalanine c th gy ra bnh phenylketonuria (PKU) gy hi n vic chuyn ha protein, lm chm pht trin nghim trng, ri lon cc nhim sc th v da, tc, mt gy nhiu s au nhc kinh khng v lm tn hi n cc h thn kinh. 2.1.3 Aspartic acid Aspartic acid cng cn c gi l aspartate cng l loi t thin nhin c cha amino acids gm nhiu protein. Aspartic acid c xp vo loi khng thit yu ca amino acids, c ngha l khng cn c n cng khng sao. Aspartic acid c nhiu trong thc n hng ngy. Aspartic acid cng ng c coi l quan trng v chng gip tng hp AND mi, tng hp urea v cn gi vai tr nh l neurotransmitter trong no b. Bi th, hm lng ca n trong c th cng cn phi iu ho cn thn. Nu c th cn nhiu aspartic acid c th dng oxaloacetate t tricarboxyline acid cycle (Kreb cycle) ca nng lng bin i. Nu trong c th c d tha hm lng aspartic acid, th n s bin i qua thnh fumarate nhm sinh nng lng.
Hnh 2.5 Cu to phn t ca Aspartic acid
2.2 NHNG TRANH CI TRONG VIC S DNG ASPARTAME 2.2.1 Cc lung kin khng ng trong vic s dng ng Aspartame Trng i Hc Cng nghip Thc phm
18 Aspartame l mt trong nhng cht to ngt nhn to gy nhiu tranh ci nht. C rt nhiu trang thng tin in t, sch, v tp ch nu r nhng l do khc nhau gii thch ti sao khng nn s dng aspartame. S mu thun v li ch trong cc nghin cu thc hin trn aspartame v cch m cc kt qu c thng qua gy ra mt cuc tranh ci. Tin s Robert Walton kho st li nhng nghin cu v aspartame trong s nhng ti liu y khoa c bnh duyt . ng ni rng trong s 166 nghin cu a ra c cu tr li tho ng i vi vn an ton ca con ngi, th c 74 nghin cu l do ngnh cng nghip NutraSweet (nhng cng ty sn xut aspartame) ti tr v 92 nghin cu c ti tr c lp bi nhng t chc khc. Mt trm phn trm kt qu ca nhng nghin cu c thc hin bi cc cng ty sn xut u xc nhn tnh an ton ca aspartame, trong khi 92% cc nghin cu c ti tr c lp tm thy vn i vi aspartame. Cc bo co khc ca nhng cng chc lin bang lm vic cho cc cng ty chu trch nhim cho vic th nghim v phn phi aspartame c trch dn trn tt c cc trang thng tin in t v trong sch ti liu u chng li vic s dng aspartame. Vin Ramazzini ti cng b 2 bo co t nm 2005 l tm thy s gia tng ng k bnh ung th hch v bnh hch cu chut c ch n ung c cha aspartame. Mt bo co khoa hoc cng b nm 2001 ca Cindy Wilson cho hay chnh aspartic acid v phenylalanine l cht c i vi thn kinh m khng c thy hu ht cc amino acids trong cc protein c thy trong con ngi. Hai cht ny qua lun mng chn kim sot no b v hy hoi cc neurons ca no v gy bnh mt tr nh. 2.2.2 Cc bnh l c cho l lin quan n vic s dng ng Aspartame HJ Roberts, MD, t ra thut ng bnh aspartame trong mt cun sch vi hn 1000 trang thng tin v nhng hu qu tiu cc i vi sc kho khi n phi aspartame. Tin s Roberts bo co rng nm 1998, sn phm cha aspartame l nguyn nhn ca 80% khiu ni gi n FDA v ph gia thc phm. Mt s nhng triu chng c a ra bao gm: au u, chng mt, thay i tm trng, nn ma, au bng, chut rt, thay i tm nhn, tiu chy, co git, mt tr nh v mt mi. Cng vi cc triu chng ny, aspartame cn gy nn cc triu chng fibromyalgia (l mt tnh trng mn tnh gy au, co cng v nhy cm vi cc kch thch ca c, dy chng v khp), co tht, au mi, t chn, chut rt, tai, au khp, trm cm, chng ri lon lo u, lu li, m mt, a x cng (Multiple sclerosis: l Trng i Hc Cng nghip Thc phm
19 mt chng ri lon no b v tu sng vi chc nng thn kinh b gim st kt hp vi vic hnh thnh so trn lp ph ngoi ca cc t bo thn kinh), bnh Lupus v cc loi bnh ung th khc.
Hnh 2.6 Tc hi ca vic s dng ng Aspartame au u Mt nghin cu xc nhn rng nhng ngi bo co b nhc u sau khi s dng aspartame th tht s rt d b au u khi s dng aspartame. c ba nghin cu c thc hin vi 200 ngi trng thnh b chng au na u theo phng php double-blind v Placebo-controlled. Kt qu ca ba nghin cu trn ch ra rng triu chng au u xut hin nhiu hn v nghim trng hn i vi nhm cho s dng aspartame. Trm cm Trong mt nghin cu v nh hng ca aspartame trn 40 bnh nhn trm cm, nghin cu c rt ngn do cc phn ng nghim trng ca 13 bnh nhn u tin c th nghim. Kt qu cho thy rng cc c nhn b ri lon tm trng c bit nhy cm vi aspartame v c khuyn trnh s dng chng. Ung th Trong mt nghin cu ban u ca FDA, 12 con chut trong s 320 con b khi u no c tnh pht trin sau khi dng aspartame. Mt s nghin cu khc c thc hin v chia ra 2 kt lun khc nhau: ng h v phn i kt qu trn. Mt nghin cu gn y, c tin hnh bi cc nh nghin cu v Php cho thy khng c mi lin quan gia cht to ngt c hm lng calo thp v ung th. Cc nh nghin cu nh gi mt lot cc nghin cu t nm 1991 n nm 2004. Nhng nghin cu nh gi mi quan h gia cht to ngt Trng i Hc Cng nghip Thc phm
20 c hm lng calo thp v nhiu bnh ung th, bao gm c ming v hng, thc qun, rut, trc trng, hu mn, thanh qun, ngc, bung trng, tuyn tin lit v carcinom t bo thn. Tng cm gic i Mt nghin cu c thc hin vi 14 ngi n king so snh nh hng ca nc gii kht s dng aspartame v nc gii kht dng ng n n lng thc n v mc thm n. Kt qu nghin cu cho thy s thay th cc loi ung dng ng n bng ung dnh cho ngi n king khng lm gim tng lng calo v thm ch c th dung np mt lng cao hn vo nhng ngy tip theo. 2.2.3 Cc lung kin ng trong vic s dng ng Aspartame Vo nm 1996, FDA xem ng Aspartame nh mt cht to ngt a ng dng, v hin nay cht to ngt ny c s dng trong hn 6,000 loi thc phm. bo v lp trng ca mnh, FDA a ra lng n vo hng ngy chp nhn c (ADI) ca aspartame l 50mg/kg th trng. Mt chuyn trn bo Brishtish Medical Joural khng nh rng: Nhng lun chng cho thy khng c mi lin h gia aspartame v ung th, rng tc, suy nhc, mt tr, ri lon hnh vi hay nhng vn khc xut hin trn cc trang thng tin in t. Cc t chc nh C quan tiu chun thc phm, Cc tiu chun thc phm Chu u, Cc qun l Thc phm v thuc c trch nhim qun l cc vn thc phm ch bin i vi sc kho v thc hin nhng nghin cu nu c mt nghi ng hp l no pht sinh. Nm 1988, mc an ton ca Aspartame thuyt phc Hi ng Khoa hc Thc phm Chu u, nhng rt kh thuyt phc cng chng nhng ngi m kin ca h thng l t nhng li n on hn l nhng lun chng chnh xc. C quan tiu chun Thc phm lm cho cng chng ngy cng quan tm vn ny hn, do Hi ng khoa hc Thc phm Chu u phi quyt nh xem xt k lng li hn 500 bo co vo nm 2002. Kt lun c ly t cc nghin cu ho sinh, nghin cu lm sng v nghin cu hnh vi ch ra rng lng n vo hng ngy chp nhn c ca aspartame l 40mg/kg/ ngy th vn hon ton an ton tr trng hp nhng ngi b ri lon di truyn v chuyn ha phenylalanine thnh tyrosine trong c th. Cc nh nghin cu kim tra thi quen n ung ca hn 7.000 nam gii v ph n trong tui trung nin (ch yu l tui 55 tr ln). Da trn cc d liu nh gi, khng c bng chng cho thy ng saccharin hoc cht to ngt khc (ch yu l aspartame) lm Trng i Hc Cng nghip Thc phm
21 tng nguy c ung th ngi nh mt s trang thng tin in t ph bin. Cuc tranh lun vn tip tc trong khi cc nghin cu tip tc c thc hin. Cc c quan an ton thc phm trn ton th gii nh y ban Khoa hc Chu u v thc phm (EFSA), C quan Qun L Thuc v Thc phm M (USFDA), C quan kim tra thc phm Canada (CFIA) nh gi nhiu nghin cu. Tuy nhin, qua xem xt, khng tm thy nhng bng chng khoa hc ng tin cy v cc tc hi ca vic s dng ng Aspartame.. 2.3 KT LUN Cho ti ngy nay cc tranh ci vn cn tip tc. Tuy nhin, vic s dng mt cht g qu nhiu u gy hi cho c th. Vic s dng ng Aspartame cng vy. Quan im chung ca i a s l ng h vic s dng Aspartame trong hn mc cho php. Tuy nhin, ngi tiu dng cng nn thn trng nu bn thn qu mn cm vi Aspartame nht l nhng trng hp v thn kinh.
CHNG III KT LUN
Tuy vn cn nhiu tranh ci xung quanh vic s dng ng Aspartame nhng vn khng th ph nhn tc dng v cng ln ca n i vi ngnh cng nghip thc phm ni chung v cuc sng ca con ngi ni ring. Vn ln nht y l thc ca con ngi. Nu nh cc nh sn xut thc phm c thc bo v sc khe ngi tiu dng, khng lm dng ng Aspartame v bn thn ngi tiu dng c thc bo v sc khe ca mnh th vic mc cc bnh do s dng ng Aspartame khng cn l vn ln. Cc nh qun l cng nn c mt ci nhn khch quan trong vic nghin cu cc tc hi ca Aspartame khng nn bo th t gy nh hng n sc khe v tng lai ca cng dn. Cc nh sn xut khng nn chy theo li nhun, ci li trc mt m lm tri php lut, tai hi hn l e ha n sc khe ca c mt th h. Trng i Hc Cng nghip Thc phm
22 Bn thn mi ngi tiu dng phi la chn cho mnh mt sn phm ph hp vi bn thn nhng vn m bo sc khe. Khng nn v ham hng ha c gi thnh thp m khng cn quan tm n nhn hiu, cht lng, chp nhn mua nhng sn phm khng r ngun gc xut x. Mi ngi tiu dng cng nn trang b cho mnh nhng kin thc c bn trong vic la chn hng ha. Nh qun l nn nghin cu cng nh kim tra st sao vic s dng cc cht ph gia ca cc nh sn xut. T c nhng quy nh trong vic pht trin cc sn phm tt cho sc khe v cm cc cht gy hi n sc khe ngi tiu dng.
Trng i Hc Cng nghip Thc phm
23 TI LIU THAM KHO
1. Bi Th Trng, Aspartame trong Diet Coke, 2008. 2. Hoi Lm, Cht to ngt Aspartame E951, 2011. 3. Thin Nhin, ng ha hc Aspartame v sc khe con ngi, 2008. 4. Dng Thanh Lim, Cht ph gia thc phm v tnh cht v sinh an ton thc phm. Trng i hc Nng Lm, TP.HCM, 2010. 5. http://songvuisongkhoe.blogspot.com/2008/07/c-hi-ca-aspartame-nutra-sweet- equal.html#ixzz1sMwZ47dS 6. www.healthyvitamins guide.com