Luan Van Tot Nghiep

n tt nghip
GVHD: TS.L QUANG C
TRNG I HC GIAO THNG VN TI TP. H CH MINH

KHOA IN IN T VIN THNG
B MN T NG HA
-----o0o-----
LUN VN TT NGHIP
TI:
IU KHIN BM N NH MC
DNG PLC V BIN TN
GVHD: TS. L QUANG C
SVTH: V TRUNG CAN
NG XUN HU
0851050005
0851050025
TP. H CH MINH 09/2012

SVTH: V TRUNG CAN
NG XUN HU
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NHIM V N TT NGHIP
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BN NHN XT N TT NGHIP
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BN NHN XT N TT NGHIP
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LI CM N
t c thnh qu ngy hm nay, chng em xin chn thnh cm n su sc n

ton th thy (c) khoa in in t vin thng ,c bit l cc thy (c) b mn T
ng Ha ca Trng i Hc Giao Thng Vn Ti Thnh Ph H Ch Minh tn tnh
ch dy chng em trong sut qu trnh hc tp ti trng . l nhng kin thc qu bu
lm nn tng cho chng em hon thnh lun vn ny ng thi l nn mng vng chc
sau ny chng em tip tc hc tp v lao ng ngoi x hi .
Xin chn thnh cm n thy L Quang c l ngi hng dn chnh cng l ngi
tn tnh ch bo, gp v nh hng cho chng em trong sut thi gian lm lun vn.
Xin chn thnh cm n c on Dim Vng gp v to iu kin thun li cho
chng em hon thnh lun vn ny.
Xin gi li cm n n tt c bn b, ngi thn ng vin, ng h chng em trong
thi gian lm lun vn.
Cui cng v kinh nghim v kin thc cn hn ch, kh nng tip thu vn cn gii
hn nn khng th trch c nhng sai st, chng em mong nhn c s quan tm gip
ca cc thy (c) lun vn ny c y v hon thin hn.
Chng em xin chn thnh cm n!
Ngi vit
ng xun Hu
V Trung Can
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TM TT
Trong lun vn ny chng em vn dng cc kin thc c bn c hc ti trng
ng dng vo vic xy dng cc h thng ngoi thc t, nhm chn bi ton n nh
mc nc trong bn cha cng nghip qua va cng c kin thc va tm hiu, thit
k v thi cng h thng vi nhng mc tiu sau:
Tng kt v phn tch cc ng dng v gii php thc t vn iu khin mc

nc ca bn cha trong cng nghip.
Gii php tit kim nng lng.
Tm hiu giao thc USS xy dng truyn thng gia PLC S7-200 v bin tn
qua c th ci t, gim st hot ng ca h thng.
Tnh ton, la chn cc thit b ng lc v iu khin
Tm hiu bin tn MM420 ca Siemens, s dng chc nng iu khin PI trong

bin tn n nh mc nc, tin hnh vic ci t cc thng s ph hp vi h
thng bm n nh mc.
H thng hot ng n nh, tin cy, m bo cc yu cu k thut.
Xy dng h thng SCADA trn phn mm Wincc vi cc chc nng iu khin,

gim st cc thng s k thut nh mc nc, tc ng c, dng in, in
pXut bo co hot ng ca h thng hng tun, hng thng.v lu tr d liu.
To mt Database ty theo gii v truy cp mt cch ch ng.
iu khin gim st thng qua mng LAN.
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MC LC
NHIM V N TT NGHIP ................................................................................. iii

BN NHN XT N TT NGHIP ......................................................................... iv
BN NHN XT N TT NGHIP .......................................................................... v
LI CM N ...................................................................................................................... vi
TM TT ........................................................................................................................... vii
MC LC ......................................................................................................................... viii
DANH SCH HNH V ................................................................................................. xiii
DANH SCH BNG BIU ............................................................................................. xvi
DANH SCH CNG THC .......................................................................................... xvii
CHNG 1: GII THIU TNG QUAN V TI.................................................... 1
1.1.
t vn ............................................................................................................... 1
1.2.
Tm hiu v i tng ............................................................................................. 2
1.2.1.
ng dng .......................................................................................................... 2
1.2.2.
Gii php cng ngh ang c s dng ........................................................ 3
1.3.
La chn gii php v nhim v ti ................................................................... 4
1.3.1.
La chn gii php .......................................................................................... 4
1.3.2.
Nhim v ti................................................................................................. 7
CHNG 2: TNG QUAN L THUYT .......................................................................... 8

2.1.
Nhim v ti ....................................................................................................... 8
2.1.1.
Gii thiu chung v bn nc .......................................................................... 8
2.1.2.
Bn nc s dng trong ti ......................................................................... 9
2.2.
ng c khng ng b ba pha ............................................................................ 10
2.2.1.
Cu to ........................................................................................................... 10
2.2.2.
Nguyn l hot ng ....................................................................................... 11
2.3.
Cm bin o mc .................................................................................................. 12
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Gii thut PID ....................................................................................................... 13
2.4.1.
iu khin bng khu t l P .......................................................................... 13
2.4.2.
iu khin bng khu vi phn t l PD .......................................................... 13
2.4.3.
iu khin bng khu t l tch phn PI ......................................................... 15
2.4.4.
iu khin bng khu vi tch phn t l PID .................................................. 16
2.4.5.
ng dng iu khin PI trong bin tn........................................................... 17
CHNG 3: GII PHP TIT KIM NNG LNG ................................................ 19

3.1.
Vn iu khin lu lng ca bm .................................................................. 19
3.1.1.
iu khin theo kiu truyn thng ................................................................. 19
3.1.2.
iu khin bng bin tn ............................................................................... 19
3.2.
c tnh ca bm .................................................................................................. 21
3.3.
im lm vic ca ti bm ................................................................................... 21
3.3.1.
Dng van tit lu iu chnh lu lng ......................................................... 22
3.3.2.
Dng bin tn thay i tc ng c .......................................................... 23
3.4.
Tnh ton cng sut bm....................................................................................... 23
3.5.
So snh dng van v dung bin tn ...................................................................... 24
CHNG 4: GIAO THC USS....................................................................................... 25

4.1.
Tng quan v giao thc USS ................................................................................. 25
4.2.
Cu trc bc in .................................................................................................. 25
4.2.1.
Tng th .......................................................................................................... 25
4.2.2.
Vng s liu PKW .......................................................................................... 27
4.2.3.
Vng x l d liu PZD .................................................................................. 30
4.3.
S dng cc lnh trong th vin USS ................................................................... 33
4.3.1.
Lnh USS_INIT .............................................................................................. 33
4.3.2.
Lnh USS_CTRL ............................................................................................ 34
4.3.3.
Lnh USS_RPM_x .......................................................................................... 37
CHNG 5: CI T BIN TN.42

5.1.
Ci t nhanh thng s ng c ........................................................................... 42
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5.2.
Nhp thng s bin tn v bo v qu ti ng c ............................................... 43
5.3.
Ci t bo v bin tn v ng c ...................................................................... 44
5.5.
Ci t cho php khi ng li ............................................................................. 45
5.6.
Ti u ha c tnh tng, gim tc ....................................................................... 46
5.7.
Ci t chc nng gim st moment..................................................................... 46
5.8.
Ci t u vo tng t ADC ............................................................................. 47
5.9.
n nh mc vi chc nng PI .............................................................................. 48
5.10. Ci t giao thc USS........................................................................................... 49

CHNG 6: PHT HIN V KHC PHC S C .................................................... 51
6.1.
S c ngun in ngn hn ................................................................................... 51
6.2.
S c ngun cp nc, ng ng, trn bn. ....................................................... 52
6.2.1.
S c ngun cp nc .................................................................................... 52
6.2.2.
S c ng ng............................................................................................. 53
6.2.3.
S c trn bn ................................................................................................ 54
6.3.
S c truyn thng ................................................................................................ 54
6.3.1.
S c trong chng trnh ............................................................................... 54
6.3.2.
S c h bin tn, PLC, cm bin .................................................................. 55
S c h hng thit b truyn thng ......................................................................... 55
6.4.
CHNG 7: GII THUT CHNG TRNH .............................................................. 56

7.1.
S tng qut h thng ...................................................................................... 56
7.1.1.
Giao tip gia PC v PLC ............................................................................. 56
7.1.2.
Giao tip PLC v bin tn .............................................................................. 57
7.1.3.
Cm bin p sut v bin tn ......................................................................... 57
7.2.
Gii thut chng trnh ........................................................................................ 58
CHNG 8: LA CHN THIT B V THI CNG H THNG ............................. 60

8.1.
La chn thit b ................................................................................................... 60
8.1.1.
La chn thit b ng lc ............................................................................. 60
8.1.2.
La chn thit b mch iu khin ................................................................. 63
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Thit k h thng ................................................................................................... 64
8.2.1.
Thit k phn c kh ....................................................................................... 64
8.2.2.
Thit k h thng in .................................................................................... 65
8.3.
Thi cng h thng.................................................................................................. 66
CHNG 9: THIT K H THNG SCADA CHO H THNG ............................... 67

9.1.
Gii thiu chung v cc chc nng s dng trong WinCC .................................. 67
9.1.1.
WinCC ............................................................................................................ 67
9.1.2.
c trng c bn ........................................................................................... 68
9.1.3.
C s d liu ODBC/SQL ............................................................................. 68
9.1.4.
Cc chc nng s dng trong WinCC ........................................................... 70
9.2.
Thit k giao din SCADA trong n................................................................. 78
9.2.1.
Giao din iu khin trung tm ...................................................................... 78
9.2.3.
Giao din c ghi thng s bin tn .............................................................. 83
9.2.4.
Giao din Alarm ............................................................................................. 84
9.2.5.
Giao din Report ............................................................................................ 84
9.2.6.
Giao din Trend/ Table .................................................................................. 86
9.3.
iu khin gim st qua mng LAN ..................................................................... 92
9.3.1.
Gii thiu v mng LAN ................................................................................. 92
9.3.2.
Thit lp kt ni .............................................................................................. 94
9.3.3.
ng dng vo ti ....................................................................................... 96
CHNG 10: KT QU THC HIN V HNG PHT TRIN TI ............. 98

10.1. Kt qu thc hin .................................................................................................. 98
10.2. Nhng kh khn gp phi ................................................................................... 100
10.3. Hn ch ti ..................................................................................................... 100
10.4. Hng pht trin ti ....................................................................................... 100
PH LC ......................................................................................................................... 103
I.
PLC S7-200, CPU 224XP.(nh km) ........... 103
II.
CU TO V NGUYN L HOT NG CHUNG CA BIN TN() ............ 103
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III.
SCADA V PHN MM WINCC..(nh km) ............ 103
IV.
PHN MM STEP7 MICROWIN...(nh km) ........... 103
V.
PHN MM PC ACCESS(nh km) ............ 103
VI.
CHNG TRNH STEP7(nh km) ............ 103
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DANH SCH HNH V
Trang
Hnh 1.1: h thng bm nc cho chung c cao tng ......................................................... 3

Hnh 2.1: Bn kn s dng trong cng nghip ..................................................................... 8
Hnh 2.2: Bn h s dng trong cng nghip. ..................................................................... 9
Hnh 2.3: Bn nc s dng trong n ........................................................................... 10
Hnh 2.4: p ng ra ca iu khin bng khu t l (P) .................................................. 13
Hnh 2.5: p ng ra ca iu khin bng khu vi phn t l (PD) vi P = 1 .................. 14
Hnh 2.6: p ng ra ca iu khin bng khu vi phn t l (PI) vi P = 1 ................... 15
Hnh 2.7: S iu khin s dng b iu khin PID ..................................................... 17
Hnh 3.1 H ng cong c tnh bm .............................................................................. 21
Hnh 3.2 im lm vic ca bm dng van tit lu ........................................................... 22
Hnh 3.3 Cng sut tn hao vi h thng dng van tit lu .............................................. 22
Hnh3.4 im lm vic ca bm dng bin tn ................................................................. 23
Hnh 4.1 Cu trc tng th bc in .................................................................................. 26
Hnh 4.2 Cu to khi d liu ............................................................................................ 26
Hnh 4.3 Cu trc PKE ...................................................................................................... 27
Hnh 4.4: Cu trc lnh USS_INIT .................................................................................... 33
Hnh 4.5: S dng lnh USS_INT trong ti .................................................................. 34
Hnh 4.6: Cu trc lnh USS_CTRL .................................................................................. 34
Hnh 4.7: S dng lnh USS_CTRL trong ti................................................................ 37
Hnh 4.8: Cu trc lnh USS_RPM_x ................................................................................ 37
Hnh 4.9: S dng lnh USS_RPM_R c gi tr dng in ng c .............................. 39
Hnh 4.10: Cu trc lnh USS_WPM_x ............................................................................ 39
Hnh 4.11: S dng lnh USS_WPM_R thay i gi tr Kp trong iu khin PI .............. 41
Hnh 7.1: S tng qut h thng ................................................................................... 56
Hnh 8.2 Bn v thit k c kh h thng ............................................................................ 64
Hnh 8.3 Bn v h thng in ........................................................................................... 65
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Hnh 8.4: M hnh h thng sau khi hon thnh ................................................................ 66

Hnh 9.1: To mt chng trnh WinCC ............................................................................ 68
Hnh 9.2: Mn hnh lm vic ca WinCC .......................................................................... 70
Hnh 9.3: Mn hnh ci t thuc tnh Runtime ................................................................. 71
Hnh 9.4: Giao din chng trnh PC Access .................................................................... 72
Hnh 9.5: Add tag vo WinCC ............................................................................................ 73
Hnh 9.6: Mt mn hnh thit k Graphics Designer ......................................................... 74
Hnh 9.7: Mn hnh Tag Longging ..................................................................................... 74
Hnh 9.8: Mn hnh Alarm Longging ................................................................................. 75
Hnh 9.9: Mn hnh to Report Alarm ............................................................................... 76
Hnh 9.10: Mn hnh User Administrator .......................................................................... 77
Hnh 9.11: Mn hnh iu khin trung tm ........................................................................ 78
Hnh 9.13: Giao din c ghi thng s bin tn ................................................................ 83
Hnh 9.14: Giao din Alarm ............................................................................................... 84
Hnh 9.15: File ACCESS c xut ra v lu tr.............................................................. 85
Hnh 9.16: th dng in ng c ................................................................................. 86
Hnh 9.17: th in p ng c ..................................................................................... 87
Hnh 9.19: th tn s ng c ....................................................................................... 89
Hnh 9.20: th in nng tiu th .................................................................................. 90
Hnh 9.21: th mc nc ............................................................................................... 91
Hnh 9.22: Mng LAN gm 4 my tnh. ............................................................................. 92
Hnh 9.23: Kiu mng LAN u BUS ................................................................................. 93
Hnh 9.24: Kiu mng LAN u RING ............................................................................... 93
Hnh 9.25: Kiu mng LAN u sao. ................................................................................. 94
Hnh 9.26: Khi to kt ni my ch .............................................................................. 95
Hnh 9.27: iu khin, gim st t my khch qua mng LAN ........................................ 96
Hnh 9.28: Giao din SCADA trn my khch ................................................................... 97
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DANH SCH BNG BIU

Bng 4.1 ngha ca tham s AK ...................................................................................... 28
Bng 4.2 ngha tham s AK trong bc in tr li ......................................................... 29
Bng 4.3 M rng thng s ................................................................................................ 29
Bng 4.5 Gi tr tham s STW ............................................................................................ 31
Bng 4.6 Gi tr tham s ZSW ............................................................................................ 32
Bng 5.1: Thng s Reset gi tr mc nh ........................................................................ 42
Bng 5.2: Ci t nhanh thng s ng c ....................................................................... 42
Bng 5.3: Nhp thng s bin tn v bo v qu ti ng c ........................................... 43
Bng 5.4: Ci t bo v bin tn v ng c ................................................................... 44
Bng 5.5: Ci t chc nng khi ng bm ..................................................................... 45
Bng 5.6: Ci t chc nng t khi ng li .................................................................. 45
Bng 5.7: Ti u c tnh tng, gim tc .......................................................................... 46
Bng 5.8: Chc nng gim st Moment trong MM430 ..................................................... 47
Bng 5.9: Ci t u vo tng t ADC .......................................................................... 47
Bng 5.11: Gi tr t PI-MOP v gi tr mc nc thc t ............................................. 49
Bng 5.12: Ci t giao thc USS ..................................................................................... 50
Bng 6.1: Ci t chc nng t khi ng li .................................................................. 52
Bng 6.2: Ci t chc nng khi ng bm ..................................................................... 52
Bng 6.3: Chc nng gim st Moment trong MM430 ..................................................... 53
Bng 6.4: Ci t u vo tng t ADC .......................................................................... 54
Bng 8.1 Bng chn tit din dy dn ................................................................................ 62
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DANH SCH CNG THC

trang
1.1: Tc ng c 3 pha khng ng b ........................................................................ 4
2.1: Quan h mc nc vi p sut ............................................................................... 13
2.2: Hm truyn khu iu khin t l. .......................................................................... 13
2.3: Hm truyn khu iu khin vi phn t l. ............................................................... 14
2.4: Hm truyn khu iu khintch phn t l .............................................................. 15
2.5: Hm truyn b iu khin PID................................................................................. 17
2.6: Mi quan h gia tn hiura u(t) vi tn hiu sai lch e(t) trong b PI ................... 17
3.1: Mi quan h Momen v tc ng c ti bm (qut) ........................................... 20
3.2: Mi quan h cng sut, monen v tc ng c ti bm(qut) ............................ 20
3.3: Mi quan h cng sut v tc ng c ti bm(qut) ........................................ 20
3.4: Tnh chn cng sut bm ......................................................................................... 23
5.1: Cng thc ni suy 2 im .......................................................................................... 50
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DANH SCH T VIT TT
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CHNG 1: GII THIU TNG QUAN V TI
1.1.
t vn
T ng ha qu trnh cng ngh thc s pht trin v ng dng mnh m trong

cng nghip, l s la chn ti u trong mi lnh vc nhm to ra sn phm cht lng
cao, tit kim chi ph sn xut to kh nng cnh tranh mnh m trn th trng.
Hin nay, s nghip cng nghip ha hin i ha ngy cng pht trin mnh m, s
tin b ca khoa hc k thut, trong k thut iu khin t ng cng gp phn rt ln
to iu kin nng cao hiu qu trong qu trnh sn xut.
Trong cc ngnh cng nghip sn xut cht lng nh ha cht, nc ung ng chai,
sa, nc mm, du n, du kh, vn cn iu khin mc lu lng dng chy cn
p ng vi chnh xc cao phc v qu trnh sn xut t hiu qu tt hn, m bo
qu trnh sn xut cc cht lng khng b gin on, tng tui th thit b, ngi vn
hnh khng cn phi trc tip kim tra trong cc bn cha hoc ng m bm lin tc,
vn b cn hay trn trong bn cha cht lng hon ton c khc phc cho d u ra
thay i.
Chnh v vy chng em chn ti l: iu Khin Bm n nh Mc Cht Lng.
Vi yu cu ng dng thc t nh th, i tng ti thc hin chnh y l h bn
nc, h bn nc c hnh thnh vi h thng bm v van x cht lng nhng lun gi
n nh theo gi tr mc t trc, mc cht lng ca bn c duy tr n nh, lm
c iu ny th i hi ta phi iu khin lu lng cht lng t my bm vo h thng
bn nc, lm mc nc trong bn lun lun gi mt gi tr t trc l khng i, vic
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iu khin h thng ny gi c mc cht lng trong bn n nh l tng i kh,

cn phi c s p ng nhanh iu khin my bm khi lu lng nc x thay i.
1.2.
Tm hiu v i tng
1.2.1. ng dng
H thng bm n nh mc c s dng rng ri trong ngnh cng nghip ni chung
v ngnh cng nghip cht lng ni ring nh ha cht, nc ung ng chai, du n, sn
xut xi mng, sn xut giy, sn xut in nng c bit trong h thng cung cp nc
cho h dn, khu chung c, nh cao tng.
V d thc t:
-
Nhu cu s dng nc trong khu cng nghip, khu dn c rt khc nhau trong cc
thi im ca ngy (cao im v thp im), yu cu t ra l phi gii quyt c
vic t ng n nh p sut trn ng ng nc cp, mc nc trn bn cha, v
tit kim nng lng cho h thng cp nc.
p ng nhu cu p lc nc trong h thng lun khi nhu cu s dng nc

thay i bt thng, cc bm trong h thng lun lm vic lin tc ch y
ti. Tuy nhin iu ny dn n 1 s bt li sau:
o p lc nc trong h thng i khi tng qu cao khng cn thit, 1 s thi
im nhu cu s dng nc gim xung nhng h thng bm vn chy y
ti. iu ny gy lng ph nng lng rt ln.
o Cc bm phi chy lin tc dn n gim tui th c kh.
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Hnh 1.1: h thng bm nc cho chung c cao tng

1.2.2. Gii php cng ngh ang c s dng
Trong ngnh cng nghip hin nay cc h thng bm n nh mc hu ht c thit
k vi cc c im sau:
-
Trm thng c ti thiu 2 bm tr ln, cng cp nc vo mt ng ng chnh.
Cc bm c khi ng trc tip hoc sao/tam gic v tt c cc ng c u

hot ng tc nh mc.
Trong qu trnh trm bm hot ng, thng lun lun mt bm ch dng

(mang tnh d phng).
Vic iu chnh p lc trn ng ng chnh hay mc nc c thc hin bng 2

cch:
o Thay i gc m cc van (van tay hoc van in) trong trng hp s thay
i p lc khong cho php. Trng hp p lc vn thiu hoc tha ta c
th ngt hoc ng thm bm (c th l mt bm, hoc nhiu hn).
o iu khin ON/OFF.
iu khin ON/OFF
L kiu diu khin khi bm nc ti mt mc no (t) th cho bm ngng hot
ng, v khi nc c tiu th v gim xung ti mc t thp th cho bm chy.
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u im: Kiu iu khin ON/OFF d thit k, d iu khin, gi thnh thp, ph

hp vi ch Stand by.
Nhc im: h thng khng n nh, p ng chm v khng tt, mc nc lin

tc giao ng xung quanh im t, dng in khi ng ln gy st p, bm ng
m lin tc gy gim tui th.
iu khin thay i gc m van

n nh mc nc cng nh p sut trong ng ng th vn quan tm nht l
iu khin lu lng nc bm ln bn n nh mc nc v p sut theo mt im

t c nh. C th s dng van in vi tn hiu phn hi ca cm bin a v b iu
khin, b iu khin x l a ra tn hiu iu khin ng m van chnh lu lng
bm. Hoc s dng van tay iu chnh trc tip.
-
u im: Gi thnh thp, d thit k.
Nhc im: Cc bm vn chy y ti v lin tc, iu ny gy lng ph nng

lng in v c nhng thi im nhu cu x dng nc gim xung th bm ch
cn chy 50% hay 60% cng sut l p ng c. Vic vn hnh kh khn v
tn chi ph nhn cng v phi cn cng nhn vn hnh trc tip iu khin gc
m valve. Cc bm phi chy lin tc dn n gim tui th phn c kh. Kh
kim sot p lc nc lm nh hng tui th ng ng, nh hng tui th cc
mi ni.
1.3.
La chn gii php v nhim v ti
1.3.1. La chn gii php

Vi cc phng php phn tch nh trn ta c th nhn thy rng vic n nh mc
nc c thit k d dng nhng vn cn rt nhiu nhc im. p ng c nhng
yu cu v n nh mc nc trong cng nghip cng nh dn dng, hin nay cng vi s
pht trin ca khoa hc k thut cng nh ngnh t ng ha cc cng ty ln v lnh vc
ny khng ngng pht trin v cho ra ra i cc loi bin tn vi chc nng chnh l
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thay i tn s ca ng c lm nhim v trn. Nh ta bit tc ng c 3 pha khng

ng b ph thuc vo cc thng s nh cng thc sau:
60 f
p
(1.1)
Trong : n- Tc ng c (vng/ pht).

f- tn s ng c (Hz).
p- S cp cc.
V vy thay i tc ng c ta c th thay i in p hoc thay i tn s, vic
thay i in p li l khng th nn thay i tn s l hp l nht vi vic s dng bin
tn ta c th gii quyt c bi ton n nh mc cng vi vic hn ch cc nhc im
ca cc phng php khc. Vi vic h tr chc nng iu khin PI, bin tn s nhn tn
hiu analog (dng hoc p) t sernsor a v, bin tn s t ng thay i tn s, t
thay i tc bm, v th vic khng ch mc nc trong bn tr nn d dng hn rt
nhiu.Khi nhu cu x dng nc cao, th bin tn s t ng iu khin ng c quay
tc cao nht duy tr mc nc, ngc li khi nhu cu x dng nc thp, bin tn
s iu khin ng c gim tc xung hoc dng hn. Khi nng lng in c
tit kim.
u im khi s dng bin tn
Vic iu chnh mc nc trong bn hon ton t ng, iu ny s tit kim chi ph
nhn cng v khng cn ngi vn hnh.Ton b bm s c iu khin thng qua bin
tn.Vi phng php iu khin U/f, iu khin vector, do tc bm c th thay i
mt cch linh hot. Dng khi ng c hn ch s khng gy st p khi khi ng s
khng nh hng n cc thit b khc.Qu trnh stop, start ca bm c m hn, tc
dng gim tn hi cho ng c v mt c kh, cho h truyn ng cng nh v mt in.
Chi ph bo dng gim.Tit kim nng lng khi nhu cu x dng thay i nhiu. C
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cc chc nng bo v: qu p, thp p, qu nhit,bo v nhit ng c, bo v ngn

mch,o pha, kt rotor,Khi ng bm t t vi vic ci t thi gian tng tc, trnh
gy rung ng ng v s thay i p sut t ngt, trnh nh hng xu cho h
thng.C th kt ni truyn thng vi PLC gim st mi hot ng .ng thi vi cc
chc nng c sn ta c th gii quyt cc s c k thut nh: ht nc bn di, kt
ng ng, ngun in ngn hn.
Gii php truyn thng
iu khin bin tn thng qua PLC thng thng c cc gii php sau:
-
Dng cc u vo ra s ca PLC, nhng ch thc hin c cc chc nng n
gin nh: khi ng, dung, o chiu. Cn vic thay i thi gian khi ng hoc
dng, t li tc khng th thc hin c ch ny.
-
thay i gi tr setpoint bin tn mt i 1 u vo analog v 1 u ra analog,
ngoi ra cn phi s dng cc u vo ra s iu khin bin tn (rt kho khn s

dng trong cc bin tn c 1 u vo s nh MM420).
-
iu khin qua mng Profibus: i vi MM3, MM4 ca Siemens c sn giao
din Profibus trn RS485 Port. Nhng i vi cc ng dng nh th vic thit k mt

mng Profibus l khng kinh t.
-
Dng Port 0 ca PLC kt ni ti cc Port ca bin tn, 1PLC c th iu khin
v gim st c 1 mng ti a 31 bin tn. Mng ny gi l mng USS. Dng kt ni

l im-im. Ta c th iu khin ton b cc chc nng ca bin tn thng qua
mng ny, ngoi ra cn c th gim st c dng in, in p, tc da vo
vng nh m PLC dnh ring cho bin tn. Chi ph cho mng ny l thp v ti u
nht cho cc ng dng nh.
Vi cc gii php iu khin v gim st bin tn nh trn gii php nhm a ra l s
dng giao thc USS kt ni gia PLC v bin tn, rt ph hp cho ng dng nh v c
kh nng pht trin thnh mt h thng ln.
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1.3.2. Nhim v ti
Vi gii php c la chn trn nhm s s dng PLC v bin tn gii quyt
bi ton bm n nh mc vi cc tnh nng sau:
-
Tnh chn cc thit b ng lc v iu khin.
H thng bm v iu khin n nh mc nc ca bn, h thng hot ng tin

cy, m bo cc thng s k thut cho trc.
Ch hot ng manual, ch t ng, ch gim st v iu khin t xa.
H thng t ng iu khin, cho php ci t v thay i cc ch v thng s

hot ng.
Gii php tit kim v gim st tiu th in nng.
Gii quyt cc vn s c k thut nh s c ngun in ngn hn, s c ngun

cp nc, s c ng ng, s c trn bn, s c truyn thng.
H thng SCADA hai cp: cp iu khin trc tip v cp gim st t xa thng qua
mng LAN.
Hin th v gim st cc thng s k thut ca h thng nh mc nc, tc

bm, tiu th in nng.
Lp bo co (report) hng tun, hng thng vn hnh ca h thng.
Lu tr d liu vn hnh.
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GVHD: TS.L QUANG C
CHNG 2: TNG QUAN L THUYT
2.1.
Nhim v ti
2.1.1. Gii thiu chung v bn nc

Bn nc l mt thit b c s dng rng ri trong sn xut v sinh hot, l mt
thit b dng ng cht lng nh: nc, xng, du, axit, dung bn nc nh
lng cc loi cht mi cn s dng. Ty vo nhu cu s dng m c 2 loi bn nc
chnh l bn kn v bn h.
-
Bn kn: l loi bn c ch to kn cch li vi kh, cht lng bn ngoi. Bn kn

c s dng trong cc ng dng:
Lu tr, trong cc dy chuyn sn xut thc phm, dc
phm, ha cht
Trong cng nghip sn xut in nng.
Trong ni hi cng nghip
Hnh 2.1: Bn kn s dng trong cng nghip
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-
GVHD: TS.L QUANG C
Bn h:
S dng trong sinh hot hng ngy.
Cung cp nc cho cc qu trnh sn xut.
Dng trong cng nghip du kh.
Dng trong cng nghip sn xut nh giy, xi mng.
Hnh 2.2: Bn h s dng trong cng nghip.

2.1.2. Bn nc s dng trong ti
V l bc u lm quen vi i tng bm n nh mc nn nhm la chn loi bn
h c dung tch nh, kch thc nh, vt l v sai s khi n nh l tng i ln
H thng bn nc c s dng trong n gm 2 bn:
-
Bn di c kch thc: di 1.1m, rng 90cm, cao 50cm, dung tch ti a c th

cha l gn 0.45
. c s dng cung cp nc cho my bm.
Bn trn c kch thc: di 50cm, rng 50cm, cao 1m, dung tch ti a c th cha
l 0.25
. c s dng cha nc cung cp cho sn xut, s dng. Yu cu
n nh mc.
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Hnh 2.3: Bn nc s dng trong n

2.2.
ng c khng ng b ba pha
2.2.1. Cu to
Cu to ca my in khng ng b bao gm hai b phn chnh l stator v roto
-
Stator: c hai phn chnh l li thp v dy qun.

Li thp stator hnh tr gm nhiu l thp k thut in ghp li. Mt trong
c nhng rnh cha b dy qun pha.
Dy qun stator lm bng cc dy dn bc cch in, t trong cc rnh
c phn b u dc theo chu vi ca li thp. Dy qun stator nhn in
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t mt ngun 3 pha to ra mt t trng quay. Tc quay ca t

trng ny ph thuc tn s ngun in v s cc ca b dy qun.
-
Roto: cng c hai phn chnh l li thp v dy qun.

Li thp roto hnh tr gm nhiu l thp k thut in ghp li. Mt ngoi
c nhng rnh cha dy qun.
C hai loi: lng sc v dy qun.
o Lng sc: gm cc thanh ng hoc nhm t trong rnh, v b ngn
mch bi hai vnh ngn mch hai u. Vi ng c nh, roto c
c nguyn khi, gm thanh dn, vnh ngn mch, cnh tn nhit v
qut.Vi ng c ln, cc thanh bng ng c t vo cc rnh roto v
sit cht vo vnh ngn mch. Nh khng c vnh trt v chi than
nn rt bn, chc, t cn bo tr. Cc thanh dn thng nghing so vi trc
(ta c cm tng nh roto b vn xon); v cc l do:
Lm cho momen quay khng b dao ng v my t n khi
lm vic.
Trnh c v tr rng roto song song v
i din vi rng stator, tc l v tr t tr cc tiu v roto

s b kha" .
Tng chiu di tc dng ca thanh dn.
o Dy qun: l dy qun 3 pha c cng s cc nh dy qun stator,
dy qun roto lun lun u Y v c 3 u ra u vo 3 vnh trt
ny dn in ra mt bin tr 3 pha u Y nm ngoi ng c,
dng khi ng hoc iu chnh tc .
2.2.2. Nguyn l hot ng
-
Nhn in nng t li in v bin thnh c nng chuyn ra ti.
C tc quay nh hn tc t trng, quay cng chiu vi t trng.
Dng in 3 pha c th to ra t trng quay rt mnh.
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Khi cho dng in 3 pha chy vo 3 cuc dy Stator t cch nhau 120 0 .
Trn vng trn th trong Stator xut hin t trng quay Fs . T trng Fs sinh ra
trong cun dy Stator cng dao ng iu ha nh dng in 3 pha u vo, t trng

ny mc vng qua rotor v cm ng trn rotor mt in p cm ng. Rotor ngn mch s
c dng in chy trong rotor.
-
Dng in vo Stator gy ra t trng Fs ,dng in trn Rotor gy ra t
trng Fr. Hai t trng ny tng tc vi nhau to ra monent ko Rotor chuyn ng

theo hng t trng quay Fs . Hoc t thng do dng in Rotor sinh ra hp vi t
thng ca Stator to thnh t thng tng khe h gia Stator v Rotor. T thng tng ny
tc dng vi dng Rotor tao ra monent ko rotor chuyn ng theo hng t trng quay
Fs.
2.3.
Cm bin o mc
Yu cu chnh ca chng ta l n nh mc nc trong bn vy iu quan trng u

tin l lm sao xc nh chnh xc mc nc thc trong bn ti mt thi im nht
nh, v vy phi c thit b c gi tr mc nc trong bn a v b iu khin, thit
b thng c dng l cm bin o mc nc. Cm bin o mc nc th trong thc
t c 3 loi c th p ng nhu cu ny:
-
Cm bin mc.
Cm bin siu m.
Cm bin p sut: lm vic theo nguyn tc so snh p sut ca bn nc vi p
sut ca kh quyn lm chun a ra tn hiu in.p sut ca cm bin c th

chuyn i thnh mc nc trong bn theo t l nh sau:
1m
=0.1 kg/
1m
=0.1 bar
1m
=9806.38 Pa
(2.1)
Cn c vo ng dng ca cc loi cm bin o mc v cc yu t nh gi c, nh cung

cp nhm la chn cm bin p sut o mc nc thc trong bn.
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2.4.
GVHD: TS.L QUANG C
Gii thut PID
2.4.1. iu khin bng khu t l P

-
y l hnh thc iu khin bng cch a tn hiu iu khin da vo s khc bit
mc nc gia mc nc thc t ca i tng v mc nc t, vi K P c xem l

khuch i t l ca b iu khin.
W = Kp.(TS TO)
(2.2)
Hnh 2.4: p ng ra ca iu khin bng khu t l (P)

-
Ta thy h s khch i KP cng ln th sai s xc lp cng nh tuy nhin p ng
ca h thng cng dao ng, vt l cng cao. Nu KP tng qu gii hn th h thng s

tr nn mt n nh. Do khng th c sai s ca h thng bng 0 v cng khng th
tng h s khch i ln v cng.
2.4.2. iu khin bng khu vi phn t l PD
Vn v tnh n nh v qu tm trong iu khin t l vi khuch i ln, c th
c gim i khi thm vo l khu vi phn cho tn hiu sai s.
d
W Kp. TS TO TD . TS TO
dt
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(2.3)
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Vi KD = KP .TD; TD : l thi hng vi phn ca b iu khin PD

K thut c gi l k thut iu khin PD. Khu vi phn c th hiu chnh kh
nng p ng s thay i ti mc nc t, l gim vt l , p ng ra c(t) bt nhp
nh hn, c biu din hnh sau:
Hnh 2.5: p ng ra ca iu khin bng khu vi phn t l (PD) vi P = 1

Da vo p ng qu ca h thng khi thay i gi tr TD v gi h s KP bng
hng s. Ta thy TD cng ln th p ng cng nhanh, thi gian ln cng ngn. Tuy nhin,
nu thi gian ln nhanh qu th s dn n vt l mc d p ng khng c dao ng.
B hiu chnh PD khng th thc hin bng cc linh kin mch th ng, c th dng
khch i thut ton, in tr v t in. Nhc im ca b PD ny l rt nhy v nhiu
v bn thn b PD l mch lc thng cao, vi li ln hn 1 s lm tng s nh hng
ca tn hiu nhiu.
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2.4.3. iu khin bng khu t l tch phn PI

Vn v sai s xc lp c th khc ph bng hiu chnh PI. Hiu chnh PI c tc
dng lm chm p ng qu , tng vt l, gim sai s xc lp. Do h s khch i
ca khu PI bng v cng ti tn s bng 0 nn khu hiu chnh PI lm cho sai s i vi
tn hiu vo l hm nc ca h thng khng c khu tch phn l tng bng 0 (h v sai
bc 1). Ngoi ra khu PI l mt b lc thng thp nn n cn c tc dng trit tiu nhiu
tn s cao tc ng vo h thng.
t
1
W Kp. e( ) . e( )d
TI 0
(2.4)
Vi: e( ) = TS T0
Ki = Kp/TI, TI l thi hng tch phn ca b iu khin PI
Hnh 2.6: p ng ra ca iu khin bng khu vi phn t l (PI) vi P = 1

Khu hiu chnh PI lm cho sai s xc lp ca h thng i vi tn hiu vo l hm
nc bng 0. Tuy nhin khu hiu chnh PI li lm cho h thng km n nh do lm tng
thi gian xc lp.
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Da trn p ng qu ca h thng khi gim thi hng tch phn TI th vt l

ca h thng cng cao, h thng cng chm xc lp. Vy hng s thi hng tch phn TI ta
nn cho gi tr ln nhm hn ch vt l. Tuy vy khi TI bng hng s th nh hng
ca P n cht lng ca h thng chnh l nh hng ca khu khch i, P cng tng th
vt l cng cao, tuy nhin thi gian qu li khng thay i.
2.4.4. iu khin bng khu vi tch phn t l PID
B iu khin PID c s dng rt rng ri trong thc t iu khin nhiu loi i
lp, vi u vo thay i theo hm nc s gy ra vt l v trong vi trng hp l khng
chp nhn c i vi mch ng lc. S c mt ca khu vi phn t l (PD) lm gim
vt l v p ng ra bt nhp nh hn v h thng s p ng nhanh hn. Khu tch
phn t l(PI) c mt trong h thng s dn n sai lch tnh trit tiu( h v sai). Mun
tng chnh xc ta phi tng h s khuch i, song vi mi h thng thc u b hn
ch v s c mt ca khu PI l bt buc. Khu hiu chnh vi tch phn t l (PID) kt hp
nhng u im ca khu PI v PD, c kh nng tng d tr pha tn s ct, kh chm
pha. S c mt PID vng hi tip c th dn n s dao ng trong h do p ng qu
b vt l bi hm Dirac (t).Cc b hiu chnh PID c ng dng nhiu trong cng
nghip di dng thit b iu khin hay thut ton phn mm.
Do s thng dng ca n nn nhiu hng sn xut thit b iu khin cho ra i cc
b iu khin thng mi rt thng dng.
Thc t cc phng php thit k b iu khin PID dng qu o nghim s, gin
Bode hay phng php gii tch rt t c s dng do vic kh khn trong xy dng hm
truyn i tng. Phng php ph bin nht chn tham s PID thng mi hin nay
l phng php Ziegler-Nichols.
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Hnh 2.7: S iu khin s dng b iu khin PID

B iu khin PID c hm truyn lin tc nh sau:
G( s) K p
Ki
1
K d s K p 1
TD s
s
TI s
(2.5)
Vi cc gi tr Kp, Ki, Kd l cc hng s thc.

Phng trnh vi tch phn m t s tng quan gia tn hiu ra u(t) vi tn hiu sai
lch e(t) ca b iu khin PID l:
u (t ) K P .e(t ) K D .
Trong :
de(t )
K I . e(t ).dt
dt
(2.6)
e(t) l sai lch trong h thng e(t) = r(t) c(t).
r(t) v c(t) l tn hiu vo v p ng ra ca h thng.

Vn thit k l cn xc nh gi tr Kp, Ki, Kd sao cho tho mn cc yu cu v cht
lng.
i tng khc nhau nh nhit l nhit, tc ng c, mc cht lng trong bn
cha, L do b iu khin ny c s dng rng ri l v n c kh nng trit tiu sai
s xc lp, tng p ng qu , gim vt l nu cc tham s b iu khin c chn
la thch hp.
Khu hiu chnh khuch i t l (P) c a vo h thng nhm lm gim sai s xc
2.4.5. ng dng iu khin PI trong bin tn
Trong hu ht cc dng bin tn ca cc hng, t bit cc dng dnh cho ng dng
bm/ qut iu tch hp sn cc b iu khin PI hoc PID iu ny lm cho ngi s
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dng d thit k v vn hnh h thng hn. i vi cc ng dng i tng c qun tnh

nh nh p sut,lu lng, mc nc th ch cn s dng b iu khin PI l .Vi
cc i tng c qun tnh ln nh nhit th phi s dng b iu khin PID.
i tng iu khin trong ti l mc nc v vy nhm s s dng chc nng PI
c sn trong bin tn n nh mc nc qua cng c gng s dng ht cc chc
nng bin tn h tr cho cc ng dng bm/ qut.
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CHNG 3: GII PHP TIT KIM NNG

LNG
3.1.
Vn iu khin lu lng ca bm
3.1.1. iu khin theo kiu truyn thng

Bm s c cp ngun trc tip .
Bm lun hot ng ch nh mc.
Vic thay i lu lng thng thng dng van tit lu
Nhn xt :
-
Tng tr khng ng ng .
Lu lng gim nhng cng sut tiu hao gim rt t
V d :
Khi ta dng valve tit lu gim lu lng bm xung cn 80% so vi nh
mc. Theo bnh thng th vi 20% lu lng gim i th cng sut tiu tn cng
gim i mt lng ng k,nhng c th y ch nng lng tiu tn l khong
95% (ch gim 5% cng sut trn 20% lu lng gim).
3.1.2. iu khin bng bin tn
Bm ,qut c cp ngun qua bin tn.
Bm c th hot ng cc ch khc nhau ty thuc vo yu cu.
Vic thay i lu lng c thc hin thng qua vic thay i tt ng
c.
Nhn xt:
-
Khng cn tn tht nng lng trn valve nh kiu truyn thng.
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-
GVHD: TS.L QUANG C
Bm cng khng phi sinh ra cng sut trn trc ln hn nhu cu thc t
chng li sc cn trn valve.

V d:
Khi dng bin tn iu khin bm,nu ta mun gim lu lng xung 80% so
vi nh mc.Ta ch cn iu chnh bin tn gim tc ng c xung.Quan h
gia moment ti v tc ng c (vi ti bm qut) l:
Cng sut:
M=n 2
(3.1)
P=Mn
(3.2)
P n 3
(3.3)
Nu ta gim tc xung cn 80% (0.8) th cng sut ch cn bng (0.8) 3 0.5

iu ny cho ta thy rng bm s ch hot ng vi 50% cng sut nh mc l c
th t c 80% lu lng dn n tit kim in.
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3.2.
GVHD: TS.L QUANG C
c tnh ca bm
L mi quan h gia p sut v lu lng .H c tnh ca bm khi tc bm thay
i c trnh by nh hnh sau.
Hnh 3.1 H ng cong c tnh bm

3.3.
im lm vic ca ti bm
im lm vic ca bm l giao im ca ng cong ca bm v ng cong ca h

thng. Ta xt ng c c tc nh mc l n= 1480 RPM.
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GVHD: TS.L QUANG C
3.3.1. Dng van tit lu iu chnh lu lng
Hnh 3.2 im lm vic ca bm dng van tit lu
Cng sut tn hao i vi h thng dng van tit lu.
Hnh 3.3 Cng sut tn hao vi h thng dng van tit lu

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3.3.2. Dng bin tn thay i tc ng c
Hnh3.4 im lm vic ca bm dng bin tn
3.4.
Tnh ton cng sut bm
Cng sut bm c tnh bng tch ca lu lng nhn vi p sut. y chnh l

din tch trn ng c tuyn. Ta c cng thc tnh cng sut nh sau: xt lu lng Q
tnh theo (m3 /s)
P = (d * H * Q) / k
(3.4)
Vi:
d: Khi lng ring ca cht c bm (kg/m3) .
H: cao ct p cn bm (m) .
Q: lu lng bm (m3/s) .
k: T s gia cng sut u ra vi cng sut trn trc ca bm.
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3.5.
-
GVHD: TS.L QUANG C
So snh dng van v dung bin tn

Dng valve tit lu:
ng c lun chy vi cng sut nh mc, vic thay i lu lng thng qua
vic thay i ng m ca valve. iu ny s gy tn hao nng lng khi chy lu

lng thp (ti bm)
-
Dng bin tn:

Ton b h thng bm qut s c iu khin thng qua bin tn. p sut ca
ton h thng khng i vi mi lu lng (cm bin p sut trn ng ng phn hi

thng s v cho bin tn). Vi phng php iu khin U/f , iu khin vector ,do tc
c th thay i mt cch linh hot. Dng khi ng c hn ch s khng gy st p
khi khi ng s khng nh hng n cc thit b khc. Qu trnh stop ,start c mm
ha nn gim tn hi cho ng c v mt c kh, cho h truyn ng cng nh v mt
in. Chi ph bo dng gim. Khng gii hn s ln khi ng . Tit kim nng lng
khi ti thay i lin tc.
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GVHD: TS.L QUANG C
CHNG 4: GIAO THC USS

4.1.
Tng quan v giao thc USS
Giao thc USS (Universal Serial Interface Protocol) nh ngha mt kiu truy cp theo
nguyn tc master-slave cho thng tin lin lc thng qua bus ni tip .Giao thc USS l
kiu truyn thng ca Siemens dnh ring cho PLC S7-200 v bin tn ca hng. Qua
giao thc ny 1 PLC c th iu khin ti a mt mng gm 32 bin tn, Dng kt ni l
im-im. Ta c th iu khin ton b cc chc nng ca bin tn thng qua mng ny,
ngoi ra cn cn c th gim st c dng in, in p, tc , hng quay...da vo
cc lnh trong th vin USS cho mi bin tn. Chi ph cho mng ny l thp v ti u
nht cho cc ng dng nh v va.
s dng c giao thc ny yu cu bin tn phi c h tr giao thc USS, phn
mm step7-micorowin phi ci t th vin USS. S dng port 0 ca PLC kt ni
USS ,khi chn port 0 cho truyn thng USS khng s dng port 0 vi bt k mc ch
khc .V vy thc hin vic gim st h thng cn la chn PLC c 2 port truyn thng
,c th trong lun vn s dng PLC s7200 -224xp. Cc gi tr ca cc lnh USS yu cu
400 byte ca vng nh V ca PLC ,v vy trc khi lp trnh phi khai bo vng nh V v
khi lp trnh khng s dng li vng nh ny.
S7-200 v bin tn c kt ni truyn thng USS qua cp RS485.Chn s 3 port 0
ca PLC kt ni vi chn 14(P+) ca bin tn ,chn s 8 ni vi chn 15(N-).
4.2.
Cu trc bc in
4.2.1. Tng th
Mi bc in bt u vi k t STX (=02hex) tip theo l chiu di khi d liu (LGE)
v byte a ch (ADR). Bc in kt thc bng k t (BBC).
Trong :
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GVHD: TS.L QUANG C
STX: l mt byte ASCII (02hex) c s dng bit bt u mt k t.
LEG: Quy nh chiu di khi d liu.Khi d liu c chia lm 2 khu vc

PKW( tham s ID-gi tr khu vc) PZD (x l d liu)
ADR: l mt byte duy nht c cha a ch ca slave
BBC: l mt byte kim tra xc nhn tin nhn c s dng. Nu bin tn nhn
c mt tin nhn khng hp l th bin tn s khng tr li.
Hnh 4.1 Cu trc tng th bc in

Cu to khi d liu
Hnh 4.2 Cu to khi d liu

PKW: cha d liu thng s
PKE: cha yu cu, thng s
IND: cha gi tr m rng thng s v gi tr index
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GVHD: TS.L QUANG C
PWE: cha gi tr yu cu.

PZD: cha word iu khin word gim st
STW: cha word iu khin.
ZSW: cha word gim st
HSW: cha im t tn s.
HIW: cha gi tr tn s thc t.
i vi MM420 ch h tr loi bc in PPO1 v PPO3.
4.2.2. Vng s liu PKW
Vng PKW bao gm 4 word, word 1 cha tham s PKE, word 2 cha tham s IND,
word 3 v 4 cha tham s PWE
-
Tham s PKE:
C di 1 word
Hnh 4.3 Cu trc PKE

T bit 0 ti bit 10 cha s ca thng s, bit 11 khng c s dng, t bit 12 ti bit 15
c dng yu cu c hay vit thng s ti bin tn.
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GVHD: TS.L QUANG C
Bng 4.1 ngha ca tham s AK

AK
ngha
0
Khng yu cu
c tham s
Vit tham s word
Vit tham s double word
Yu cu m t ngha
Yu cu c gi tr tham s l 1 mng
Vit tham s dng mng c di 1 word
Vit tham s dng mng c di double word
Yu cu s lng mng thc hin
11
Vit tham s dng mng c di 1 word v lu vo EEPROM
12
Vit tham s dng mng c di double word v lu vo EEPROM
13
Vit tham s dng mng c di 1 word t v lu vo EEPROM
14
Vit tham s dng mng c di double word v lu vo EEPROM
Thng ta ch s dng AK=0, 1, 2, 3
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GVHD: TS.L QUANG C
Bng 4.2 ngha tham s AK trong bc in tr li

AK
ngha
Khng tr li
Chuyn gi tr tham s word
Chuyn gi tr tham s double word
Chuyn phn t m t
Chuyn gi tr tham s dng mng c di word
Chuyn gi tr tham s dng mng c di double word
Chuyn s lng mng phn t
Khng thc hin c yu cu
Khng c trng thi iu khin master cho giao din PKW
Tham s IND
C di 1 word.T bit 0 ti bit 7 cha gi tr index, bit 8 ti bit 11 khng s
dng, bit 12 ti bit 15 cha gi tr m rng thng s
Bng 4.3 M rng thng s
Tham s PWE
C di 2 word, cha gi tr thng s bao gm PWE 1 v PWE 2.
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GVHD: TS.L QUANG C
4.2.3. Vng x l d liu PZD

Vng d liu PZD c thit k iu khin v gim st bin tn. i vi MM420
thng s dng PZD vi chiu di 2word.
Bng 4.4 Cu trc PZD
PLC
PZD1
PZD2
STW
HSW
ZSW
HIW
MM420
MM420
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PLC
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-
GVHD: TS.L QUANG C
Tham s STW
C chiu di 1 word. Tham s STW c chc nng iu khin bin tn trn ng
truyn USS.
Bng 4.5 Gi tr tham s STW

Bit
Chc nng
Gi tr
Bit 00
ON/ OFF1
0 No - 1 Yes
Bit 01
OFF 2
1 No - 0 Yes
Bit 02
OFF 3
1 No - 0 Yes
Bit 03
Kch hot xung
0 No - 1 Yes
Bit 04
Kch hot RFG
0 No - 1 Yes
Bit 05
Khi ng RFG
0 No - 1 Yes
Bit 06
Kch hot im t
0 No - 1 Yes
Bit 07
Xc nhn li
0 No - 1 Yes
Bit 08
Chy nhp phi
0 No - 1 Yes
Bit 09
Chy nhp tri
0 No - 1 Yes
Bit 10
iu khin t PLC
0 No - 1 Yes
Bit 11
o im t
0 No - 1 Yes
Bit 12
Khng s dng
0 No - 1 Yes
Bit 13
Tng im t MOP 0 No - 1 Yes
Bit 14
Gim
im
t 0 No - 1 Yes
MOP
Bit 15
Bng tay/ t xa
0 P0719 set 0
1 P0719 set 1
Tham s HSW
Cha gi tr tn s t
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-
GVHD: TS.L QUANG C
Tham s ZSW
Tham s ny c dng gim st hot ng bin tn trn ng truyn USS.
Bng 4.6 Gi tr tham s ZSW

Bit
Chc nng
Gi tr
Bit 00
Bin tn sn sng
0 No - 1 Yes
Bit 01
Bin tn sn sng hot ng
0 No - 1 Yes
Bit 02
Bin tn ang hot ng
0 No - 1 Yes
Bit 03
Bin tn c li
1 No - 0 Yes
Bit 04
Off 2 hot ng
1 No - 0 Yes
Bit 05
Off 3 hot ng
0 No - 1 Yes
Bit 06
Inhibit hot ng
0 No - 1 Yes
Bit 07
Cnh bo bin tn hot ng
0 No - 1 Yes
Bit 08
lch im t/ gi tr thc t
1 No - 0 Yes
Bit 09
iu khin PZD
0 No - 1 Yes
Bit 10
t tn s ti a
0 No - 1 Yes
Bit 11
Cnh bo dng in gii han 1 No - 0 Yes

motor
Bit 12
Phanh hm ng c hot dng
1 No - 0 Yes
Bit 13
ng c qu ti
1 No - 0 Yes
Bit 14
ng c chy ng chiu
0 No - 1 Yes
Bit 15
Bin tn qu ti
1 No - 0
Yes
Tham s HIW
Cha gi tr tn s thc t ang hot ng
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4.3.
GVHD: TS.L QUANG C
S dng cc lnh trong th vin USS
Th vin ca STEP 7- Micro/Win cung cp 14 chng trnh con, 3 th tc ngt v mt

tp lnh (gm 8 lnh) h tr cho giao thc USS. Nh th vin ny m vic PLC iu
khin gim v st bin tn tr nn d dng hn rt nhiu so vi cc giao thc khc. Cc
khi hm c th hin mt cch trc quan gip vic thit lp mt chng trnh iu
khin khng my kh khn.
4.3.1. Lnh USS_INIT
Hnh 4.4: Cu trc lnh USS_INIT

Lnh USS_ INIT c s dng cho php thit lp hoc khng cho php truyn
thng vi cc bin tn. Trc khi bt k mt lnh USS no khc c s dng, lnh
USS_INIT phi c thc hin trc m khng c xy ra li no. Khi lnh thc hin
xong v bit Done c set ln ngay lp tc trc khi thc hin lnh k tip.
Lnh ny c thc hin mi vng qut khi u vo EN c tc ng.
Thc hin lnh USS_INIT ch mt ln cho mi s thay i trng thi truyn thng. S
dng lnh chuyn i dng to mt xung u vo EN. Khi thay i gi tr ban u cc
tham s s thc hin mt lnh USS_ INIT mi.
Gi tr cho u vo Mode la chn giao thc truyn thng: u vo c gi tr 1 s n
nh Port 0 dng cho giao thc USS v ch cho php lm vic theo giao thc ny. Nu
u vo c gi tr 0 s n nh Port 0 dng cho giao thc PPI v khng cho php lm vic
theo giao thc USS.
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GVHD: TS.L QUANG C
Tc truyn c t cc gi tr: 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600 v

115200 (baud).
u vo Active dng xc nh a ch ca Drive. Ch h tr s a ch Drive t 0
n 31.
Khi lnh USS_INIT kt thc, u ra Done c set ln. u ra Error (kiu byte) cha
kt qu thc hin lnh.
- ng dng trong ti khai bo giao thc USS
Hnh 4.5: S dng lnh USS_INT trong ti

4.3.2. Lnh USS_CTRL
Hnh 4.6: Cu trc lnh USS_CTRL
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GVHD: TS.L QUANG C
Lnh USS_CTRL c s dng iu khin hot ng ca bin tn. Lnh ny

c a vo b m truyn thng, t y, lnh c gi ti a ch ca bin tn, nu a
ch c xc nh tham s Active trong lnh USS _ INIT. Ch mt lnh USS _CTRL
c n nh cho mi Drive.
Bit EN phi c set ln mi cho php lnh USS_CTRL thc hin. Lnh ny lun
mc cao (mc cho php).
Bit RUN (RUN/STOP) cho thy bin tn l on hoc off. Khi bit RUN mc cao,
bin tn nhn lnh khi ng tc danh nh v theo chiu chn trc. Drive
lm vic, cc iu kin phi theo ng nh sau:
-
a ch Drive phi c la chn t u vo Active trong lnh USS_INIT.
u vo OFF2 v OFF3 phi c set 0.
Cc u ra Fault v Inhibit phi l 0.
Khi u vo RUN l OFF, mt lnh c chuyn n MM iu khin gim tc

ng c xung cho n khi ng c dng. u vo OFF2 c s dng cho php iu
khin MM dng vi tc chm. u vo OFF3 c s dng cho php iu khin
MM dng vi tc nhanh.
Bit Resp_R bo nhn phn hi t Drive. Tt c cc hot ng ca bin tn c thm
d thng tin trng thi. Ti mi thi im, S7-200 nhn mt phn hi t Drive, bit
Resp_R c set ln v tt c cc gi tr tip theo c cp nht.
Bit F_ACK (Fault Acknowledge) c s dng nhn bit li t Drive. Cc li ca
Drive c xo khi F_ACK chuyn t 0 ln 1.
Bit Dir (Direction) xc nh hng quay m bin tn s iu khin.
u vo Drive (Drive address) l a ch ca bin tn m lnh USS_ CTRL iu khin
ti. a ch hp l t 0 n 31.
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GVHD: TS.L QUANG C
u vo Type (Drive type) dng la chn kiu bin tn. i vi th h MM3(hoc

sm hn) u vo Type c t 0; cn i vi MM4 gi tr t l 1.
Speed-SP (speed setpoint) l tc cn t theo t l phn trm. Cc gi tr m s lm
ng c quay theo chiu ngc li. Phm vi t: -200% 200%.
Error l mt byte li cha kt qu mi nht ca yu cu truyn thng n Drive.
Status l mt word th hin gi tr phn hi t bin tn.
Speed l tc ng c theo t l phn trm. Phm vi: -200% n 200%.
D-Dir: cho bit hng quay.
Inhibit: cho bit tnh trng ca inhibit (0 - not inhibit, 1-inhibit ). xo bit inhibit
ny, bit Fault phi tr v off, v cc u vo RUN, OFF2,OFF3 cng phi tr v off.
Fault: cho bit tnh trng ca bit li ( 0 - khng c li, 1- li ). Drive s hin th m li.
xo bit Fault, cn phi cha li xy ra li v set bit F_ACK.
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GVHD: TS.L QUANG C
- ng dng trong ti iu khin bin tn MM420
Hnh 4.7: S dng lnh USS_CTRL trong ti
4.3.3. Lnh USS_RPM_x
Hnh 4.8: Cu trc lnh USS_RPM_x

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GVHD: TS.L QUANG C
C 3 lnh c cho giao thc USS.

USS_RPM_W: l lnh c mt tham s Word.
USS_RPM_D: l lnh c mt tham s Douple Word.
USS_RPM_R: l lnh c mt tham s thc.
u vo Drive l a ch ca MM m lnh USS_RPM_x c chuyn ti. a ch
hp l l 0 n 31.
Param l s tham s (l gi tr cn c t bin tn).
Index l con tr ch vo gi tr c. Trong 1 tham s c th c nhiu Index, gi tr
Index chi r gi tr c.
Value l gi tr ca thng s phn hi.
u vo DB_Ptr c cung cp bi a ch ca b m 16 byte. Trong lnh USS
_RPM_x, b m ny dng cha kt qu ca lnh a n t MM.
Khi lnh USS_RPM_x hon tt, u ra Done c set ln v u ra Error (kiu
byte) v u ra Value cha cc kt qu ca vic thc hin lnh. u ra Error v Value s
khng hp l cho n khi u ra Done c set ln.
-
ng dng lnh USS_RPM_x trong ti

Trong ti s dng lnh USS_RPM_x nhm mc ch c gi tr cc thng s
trong bin tn gim st nh: tc ng c, mc nc, tn s, dng in, in nng

tiu thv cng c th c cc thng s khc lc cn thit.
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GVHD: TS.L QUANG C
Hnh 4.9: S dng lnh USS_RPM_R c gi tr dng in ng c

4.3.4. Lnh USS_WPM_x
Hnh 4.10: Cu trc lnh USS_WPM_x

C 3 lnh ghi cho giao thc USS:
USS_WPM_W: l lnh ghi mt tham s Word.
USS_WPM_D: l lnh ghi mt tham s Double Word.
USS _WPM_R: l lnh ghi mt tham s thc.
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GVHD: TS.L QUANG C
u vo Drive l a ch ca MM m lnh USS_WPM_x c chuyn ti. a ch

hp l l 0 n 31.
Param l tham s cn ghi.
Index l bin ch vo gi tr ghi.
Value l gi tr ca thng s cn ghi n b nh RAM trong bin tn.
u vo DB-Ptr c cung cp bi a ch ca b m 16 byte. Trong lnh USS
_WPM_x, b m ny dng cha kt qu ca lnh a n t bin tn.
Khi lnh USS_WPM_x hon tt, u ra Done c set ln v u ra Error (kiu
byte) cha cc kt qu ca vic thc hin lnh.
Khi u vo EEPROM c set ln, lnh s ghi vo c b nh RAM v EEPROM
ca bin tn. Khi u vo EEPROM khng c set th lnh ny s ch ghi vo b nh
RAM.
-
ng dng lnh USS_WPM_x trong ti

Trong ti lnh USS_WPM_x c s dng khi ta cn thay i mt tham s bt
k trong bin tn m khng c ti hin trng. Lnh ny cho php thay i gi tr thng s
bin tn qua mn hnh gim st, qua mng LAN cng nh vic thay i cc thng s k
thut mt cch d dng.
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GVHD: TS.L QUANG C
Hnh 4.11: S dng lnh USS_WPM_R thay i gi tr Kp trong iu khin PI
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GVHD: TS.L QUANG C
CHNG 5: CI T BIN TN
5.1.
Ci t nhanh thng s ng c
Trong bin tn MM420 cho php ci t nhanh cc thng s trn nhn ng c nh:
in p nh mc, dng in nh mc, tn s nh mc
thc hin vic ny u tin ta reset li bin tn cc gi tr mc nh.
Bng 5.1: Thng s Reset gi tr mc nh
Thng s
M t
P0010
P0971
Gi tr
Thng s vn hnh
30
Reset thng s mc nh
Ghi ch/ n v
Ci t gi tr mc nh
Bt u reset
Tin hnh ci t nhanh

Bng 5.2: Ci t nhanh thng s ng c
Thng s
M t
Gi tr
P0003
Mc truy cp ngi dng
P0010
Ci t thng s
Ci t nhanh
P0100
Tiu chun chu u/ Bc m
Chu u [Kw] ,tn s 50hz
P0304
in p nh mc ng c
220
P0305
Dng in nh mc ng c
3.2
P0307
Cng sut nh mc ng c
0.75
KW
P0308
H s cng sut
Bin tn t d h s
P0310
Tn s nh mc
50
Hz
P0311
Tc nh mc ng c
2850
Rpm
P0335
Ch lm mt ng c
Lm mt t nhin
SVTH: V TRUNG CAN

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Ghi ch/n v
Mc M rng
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Lut iu khin
P1300
5.2.
GVHD: TS.L QUANG C

2
Cho ti bm /qut
Nhp thng s bin tn v bo v qu ti ng c
Bng 5.3: Nhp thng s bin tn v bo v qu ti ng c

Thng s
M t
Gi tr
Ghi ch / n v
P0700
Chn ngun lnh
USS trn ng truyn COM
P1000
im t tn s
USS trn ng truyn COM

(dng cho ch manual)
P1080
Tn s nh nht
Hz
P1082
Tn s ln nht
50
Hz
P1120
Thi gian tng tc
10
P1121
Thi gian gim tc
10
P0640
H s qu ti ng c
100
Bng dng nh mc ng c
/%
P3900
Kt thc ci t nhanh
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5.3.
GVHD: TS.L QUANG C
Ci t bo v bin tn v ng c
Bng 5.4: Ci t bo v bin tn v ng c

Thng s
M t
P0290
Ch phn ng qu ti bin
Gim tn s u ra ph hp
vi bm,qut
tn
P0292
Ghi ch/ n v
Gi tr
Cnh bo nhit bin tn
15
S chnh lnh nhit gia

ngng dng v ngng cnh
bo
P0294
Cnh bo qu ti bin tn
95
P0295
Thi gian qut tt khi bin
bin tn dng, n v s
tn dng
Tc ng khi nhit ng
P0610
Thi gian tr qut tt khi
Cnh bo ,dng ,bo li
c n ngng cnh bo
P0614
Mc cnh bo qu nhit ca
100
ng c
5.4.
Ci t chc nng khi ng bm
L hnh thc bt theo cng tc ang quay ca ng c. V d nh khi ng c mt

in hay restart, ng c s khng bt u t tc 0 m bin tn s o tn s thc t ca
Rotor ang quay v bt u xut pht t tn s .
u im: khi ng li ng c ang chy s khng b git, khng li, trong ng dng
bm c th hn ch hin tng ba nc bo v ng ng, vic ci t c thc hin
bng bin tn
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GVHD: TS.L QUANG C
Bng 5.5: Ci t chc nng khi ng bm

Thng s
P1200
M t
Khi ng bm
Gi tr
Ghi ch / n v
Kch hot khi ng theo
chiu t trc
P1202
Dng in khi ng bm
50
i vi ti qun tnh khng

ln nn gim gi tr dng
in khi ng bm, n v
% dng nh mc ng c
P1203
5.5.
Di tm tn s ng c
100
Ci t cho php khi ng li
Vi chc nng ny bin tn s t khi ng li sau s c thp p,mt ngun trong thi
gian ngn.C th s dng gii quyt s c ngun in ngn hn.
Bng 5.6: Ci t chc nng t khi ng li
Thng s
M t
P1210
T khi ng
Gi tr
4
Ghi ch/ n v
Khi ng li sau s c thp
p, mt ngun thi gian ngn
P1211
S ln t khi ng li cho
php
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5.6.
GVHD: TS.L QUANG C
Ti u ha c tnh tng, gim tc
Bng 5.7: Ti u c tnh tng, gim tc

Thng s
M t
P1130
on cong ban u khi tng
Ghi ch/ n v
Gi tr
2
giy
giy
giy
giy
Lin tc lm trn
tc theo ng cong S (n
v tnh theo s)
P1131
on cong th hai khi tng

v tnh theo s)
P1132
on cong ban u khi gim

v tnh theo s)
P1133
on cong cui cng khi

gim tc theo ng cong S
(n v tnh theo s)
P1134
5.7.
Phng php ng cong S
Ci t chc nng gim st moment
Vi chc nng ny ta c th gii quyt cc s c nh ht nc bn di, trn bn, tc

ngn ng ng. y l gii php gii quyt cc s c k thut trong ti, nhng i vi
bin tn MM420 c nhm s dng khng h tr chc nng ny nn nhm chn gii
php khc gii quyt vn trn l dng phao in bo ht nc bn di v trn bn
trn .Chc nng ny c th c ng dng trong bin tn MM430 v cc dng khc.
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Bng 5.8: Chc nng gim st Moment trong MM430

Thng s
M t
Gi tr
Ghi ch / n v
P2181
Ch pht hin s c
P2182
Ngng tn s 1
Hz
P2183
Ngng tn s 2
30
Hz
P2184
Ngng tn s 3
45
Hz
P2185
Ngng Momen trn 1
0.8
Nm
P2186
Ngng Momen di 1
0.5
Nm
P2187
Ngng Momen trn 2
1.3
Nm
P2188
Ngng Momen di 2
Nm
P2189
Ngng Momen trn 3
2.3
Nm
P2190
Ngng Momen di 3
Nm
P2192
Thi gian tr
5.8.
Ci t u vo tng t ADC
Ci t thng s cho u vo tng t c c s ph hp ca tn hiu output cm

bin v u vo tng t ca bin tn. Vi tn hiu a v t cm bin l 1-5 v cho gi tr
t 0-2m nc .Trong ti nhm ch cn o t 0-1m nc.
Bng 5.9: Ci t u vo tng t ADC
Thng s
M t
Gi tr
Ghi ch/n v
P0757
Gi tr x1 ca thang o ADC
P0758
Gi tr y1 ca thang o ADC
P0759
P0760
100
P0761
Chiu rng gii cht
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n nh mc vi chc nng PI
5.9.
Ch PI cho php ngi s dng kch hot/ khng kch hot b iu khin PI. Ch
ci t ti gi tr 1 s kch hot b iu khin PI vng kn v s t ng loi b thi
gian tng tc/gim tc c t trc P1120 v P1121 cng im t tn s thng
thng.
Bng 5.10: Ci t chc nng PI
Thng s
M t
P2200
Kch hot b iu khin PI
P2253
Ngun im t PI
P2240
Gi tr im t PI-MOP
Gi tr
Gh ch/ n v
1
2250
Ngun im t MOP
Ty yu Gi tr 0-100% tng ng
cu
0-4000H
P2257
Thi gian tng tc im t
giy
P2258
Thi gian gim tc im t
giy
P2264
Tn hiu phn hi PI
755.0
Ngun phn hi ADC
P2280
H s t l Kp
C th hiu chnh
P2285
Hng s thi gian tch phn Ti
15
C th hiu chnh
P0702
u vo s 2
13
Tng gi tr im t MOP
P0703
u vo s 3
14
Gim gi tr im t MOP
- Cch xc nh gi tr cho im t PI-MOP

Gi tr im t PI MOP chnh l gi tr mc nc m chng ta cn n nh trong
chc nng PI.Cm bin p sut a v tn hiu t 0 3 V( scale trong ci t u vo
tng t) tng ng t 0 -1m .Khi a v bin tn bin tn tip tc chuyn i t 0-3V
sang 0-100% tng ng 0-1m nc. Gi tr im t PI MOP c gi tr t 0-100% tng
ng 0-1m nc ty theo yu cu s ci t gi tr ny. V d mun n nh mc nc 0.3
m ta ci t P2240 = 30 .Nhng l trn l thuyt vi gi tr cm bin a v l hm
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tuyn tnh, trong thc t qua nhiu ln thc nghim nhm nhn thy rng gi tr cm bin
a v khng tng ng tuyt i vi mc nc m c sai s.C th ta xem xt bng sau.
Bng 5.11: Gi tr t PI-MOP v gi tr mc nc thc t
Gi
tr
t
PI15
25
35
40
34,5
40,5
MOP(P2240) (%)
Gi tr mc nc thc t
15
24
khi n nh (cm)
Da vo bng trn ta c th thy sai s khi h thng n nh .Sai s ny chng ta phi

chp nhn v khng th can thip loi b hon ton nhng vi phng php ni suy 2
im ta c th gim bt c sai s ny.
Vi gi tr Y1 tng ng X1, gi tr Y2 tng ng X2, ta cn bit gi tr Y nm gia
Y1 v Y2 khi bit X ta c cng thc sau
Y=
(Y 2 ( X X 1) Y 1 ( X 2 X ))
( X 2 X 1)
(5.1)
V d ta mun gi tr t n nh l 30 cm (X ). Ta cn tm gi tr t cho P2240 (Y),

nhn bng 7.11 ta thy gi tr n nh 30 nm gia gi tr X1= 24 v gi tr X2=34,5
.Tng ng Y1 =25 v Y2 = 35. Rp vo cng thc 5.1 ta tnh c Y 30,7 . Vy mun
h thng n nh mc 30 cm th gi tr t l 30,7.
5.10. Ci t giao thc USS

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Bng 5.12: Ci t giao thc USS

Thng s
M t
Gi tr
Ghi ch/ n v
P2010
Tc baud USS
19200 baud
P2011
a ch bin tn
0- 31
P2012
Chiu di PZD USS
Word
P2013
Chiu di PKW USS
127
Chiu di thay i
P0971
Lu d liu vo EEPROM
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CHNG 6: PHT HIN V KHC PHC S C

S c k thut l mt iu khng mong mun cng khng th trnh khi trong khi vn
hnh bt k mt h thng no. C nhng s c khng gy nh hng nhiu ti s hot
ng ca h thng nhng c nhng s c c th gy h hng c h thng t t n nhiu
v vy vn pht hin v khc phc s c lun l mt iu quan tm trong khi thit k
v vn hnh h thng.
Trong h thng bm nc nhm tng hp, phn tch, v a ra gii php khc phc
cc sc c gy ra nh hng ln cho h thng.
6.1.
S c ngun in ngn hn
Vn ngun in cung cp cho h thng hot ng l ht sc quan trong, s n nh

v ngun in l yu t quan trong trong vic t hiu qu cao trong sn xut, ngun in
khng nhng nh hng ti cht lng sn xut, s lng sn xut m con c th lm
gim tui th ca thit b nu khng n inh.
Trong ti nhm phn tch s c ngun in ngn hn: l ngun in khng n nh,
chp chn s c ny gy nh hng ti cc thit b nh bin tn, bm v cc thit b
khc. khc phc s c ny nhm la chn gii php c t ch AUTO START v
ch FLY.
AUTO START: l chc nng gip bin tn khi ng li sau khi c in li, gip h
thng vn hnh lien tc hn. Trong trng hp ngun qu khng n nh h thng s
ngng hot ng hn bng cch ci t s ln cho php khi ng li.
FLY: l ch khi ng bm, gip bin tn khi ng ngay tc hin ti khi m
cha v 0, ch ny gip gim ti a h hng v mt c kh ca my bm cng nh
bin tn.
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Bng 6.1: Ci t chc nng t khi ng li

Thng s
M t
T khi ng
P1210
Gi tr
4
Ghi ch/ n v
Khi ng li sau s c thp
p, mt ngun thi gian ngn
S ln t khi ng li cho
P1211
php
Bng 6.2: Ci t chc nng khi ng bm

Thng s
P1200
M t
Khi ng bm
Gi tr
4
Ghi ch / n v
Kch hot khi ng theo
chiu t trc
P1202
Dng in khi ng bm
50
i vi ti qun tnh khng

ln nn gim gi tr dng
in khi ng bm, n v
% dng nh mc ng c
P1203
6.2.
Di tm tn s ng c
100
S c ngun cp nc, ng ng, trn bn.
6.2.1. S c ngun cp nc
Bm chy khng ti khng nhng gy hng hc v c kh m cong tn hoat mt
lng nng lng khng c ch, gii php tit kim nng lng a ra nhm phn tch v
khc phc s c ngun in ngn hn.
Nh bit moment my bm ti l nghch vi tc my bm, khi khng c ti
moment ca my bm s gim, bng cch thit lp di moment lm vic ca ng c ta
s kim sot c thi im moment gim nh hn di lm vic bnh thng v pht hin
s c ngun cp nc.
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Bin tn MM420 khng h tr ch gim st moment, vi gii php a ra nhm

xin trnh by cch ci t chc nng gim st moment trong MM430.
Bng 6.3: Chc nng gim st Moment trong MM430
Ghi ch / n v
Thng s
M t
Gi tr
P2181
Ch pht hin s c
P2182
Ngng tn s 1
Hz
P2183
Ngng tn s 2
30
Hz
P2184
Ngng tn s 3
45
Hz
P2185
Ngng Momen trn 1
0.8
Nm
P2186
Ngng Momen di 1
0.5
Nm
P2187
Ngng Momen trn 2
1.3
Nm
P2188
Ngng Momen di 2
Nm
P2189
Ngng Momen trn 3
2.3
Nm
P2190
Ngng Momen di 3
Nm
P2192
Thi gian tr
Theo nh phn tch MM420 khng c chc nng gim st moment nn nhm chn
gii php khc l dng phao in gn bn di pht hin s c ht nc ngun
cp.
6.2.2. S c ng ng
Trong khi vn hnh ng ng c s c s gy h hng v h thng in ca h thng
v vy cn c gii php chng tc ngn ng ng v khc phc s c khi ng ng b
xi, v.
S dng chc nng gim st moment ta cng c th pht hin c s c tc nghn
ng ng v b ng ng. Ci t nh bng 6.3.
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Cng nh phn tch nh trn MM420 khng c chc nng gim st moment nn nhm
la chn gii php khc:
-
S dng van 1 chiu v chc nng FLY trong bin tn khc phc cc s c
ny (bng 6.2).
Ci t thng s bo v qu ti ng c trong thi gian di
P0640
H s qu ti ng c
100
Bng dng nh mc ng c
/%
6.2.3. S c trn bn
S c trn bn gy tht thot ti nguyn khng cn thit v c th gy h hi n cc
thit b in xung quanh.
Gii php ca nhm: Ci t gii hn u ra ca tn hiu ADC pht hin khi nc
trong bn vt qua ngng , s dng phao in gn nh bn pht hin nc trong
bn y
Bng 6.4: Ci t u vo tng t ADC
Thng s
M t
Gi tr
Ghi ch/n v
P0757
P0758
P0759
P0760
100
P0761
Chiu rng gii cht
6.3.
ADC
S c truyn thng
6.3.1. S c trong chng trnh

Trong chng trnh c s c trong cc lnh truyn thng nh trng nh, ngoi phn
vng nh h thng s bo li v ngng hot ng ca h thng
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Khc phc s c:
Khi bo li trong cc lnh truyn thng PLC s xut ra m li, t m li ta s tra ra li
v khc phc li trong cc lnh truyn thng (Tra m li trong SCADA)
6.3.2. S c h bin tn, PLC, cm bin
Khi c s c h hng cc thit b trong h thng nh bin tn, PLC, cm bin th h
thng s chuyn sang ch cho bm chy vi in p li in. Chuyn ch bng nt
nhn trn h thng. (Km theo bn v Autocad).
6.4.
S c h hng thit b truyn thng
Khi cc thit b truyn thng nh PLC, bin tn xy ra h hng th h thng cho bm

chy vi li in, iu khin bng cc nt nhn trn m hnh.
V mt s hn ch trong ti nn nhm ch a ra gii php cho vn m cha thc
hin c
Km theo bn v u ni v vn hnh
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CHNG 7: GII THUT CHNG TRNH

7.1.
S tng qut h thng
Hnh 7.1: S tng qut h thng

7.1.1. Giao tip gia PC v PLC
PC v PLC giao tip vi nhau thng qua phn mm Wincc, PC Access. T PC lnh
truyn xung PLC thc hin vic iu khin, ngc li PLC phn hi tn hiu v PC
gim st v thu thp d liu h thng .
PLC ng vai tr Master trong h thng v cng l cu ni gia bin tn v PC.
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T mn hnh gim st c th ra lnh cho PLC bt u chng trnh, kt thc chng

trnh, ci t cc thng s theo mun (mc nc t, h s Kp, Ti.) cng nh thay i
cc thng s bin tn, qun l cc li h thng
Gim st cc thng s cn thit nh mc nc, in p, dng in, nng lng tiu
th. Cc gi tr ny c thu thp di dng th.
7.1.2. Giao tip PLC v bin tn
PLC v bin tn giao tip vi nhau qua giao thc USS, bin tn ng vai tr Slave.
Bin tn nhn lnh trc tip t PLC, v p ng mi yu cu t PLC. Qua giao tip
ny ngi s dng c th truy nhp vo bin tn t xa khng nht thit phi truy nhp
bng keypad thng thng.
7.1.3. Cm bin p sut v bin tn
Cm bin p s ghi nhn gi tr mc nc hin ti bn sau xut ra tn hiu in p
t 0-5 V a v u vo analog ca bin tn .Khi nhn c tn hiu phn hi chc nng
PI trong bin tn tnh ton a ra tn hiu iu khin cho ng c bm chy nhanh hay
chm.
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7.2.
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Gii thut chng trnh
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Gii thch chng trnh

-
Sau khi kt ni xong cc thit b, cp ngun cho h thng .Khi ng PLC, bt
mn hnh gim st trn WinCC.Khi khi ng PLC vic u tin PLC thc hin l kch
hot truyn thng USS vi bin tn t lc ny PLC cp nht lin tc cc thng s k thut
nh mc nc trong bn, in p, dng in, tc ng c t bin tn a v mn
hnh gim st.
-
T mn hnh gim st ta chn ch hin trng hoc t xa, ch hin trng
cho php iu khin trc tip trn bng iu khin ca h thng, ch t xa cho php
iu khin qua mn hnh gim st, v qua mng LAN.Ti 1 thi im ch c th iu
khin 1 ch .
-
Tip theo chn ch Auto hoc Manual, c th chn trn mn hnh gim st hoc
bng iu khin ty thuc vo trc chn ch hin trng hay t xa.

-
Vi ch Auto sau khi chn PLC s kch hot b iu khin PI trong bin tn,
vic cn lm u tin l nhp cc thng s ca h thng nh gi tr mc nc t, h s t

l Kp, hng s thi gian tch phn Ti.Sau khi c lnh Start PLC s ra lnh cho bin tn
hot ng vi chc nng PI .T y h thng t ng hot ng n khi c lnh
Stop.(Start=0).
-
Vi ch Manual, khi c chn h thng hot ng theo iu khin ca ngi
vn hnh.Ch c h tr 2 cp tc cho ngi vn hnh d iu khin.Khi chn tc

1 PLC s ra lnh cho bin tn hot ng tn s 50Hz, bm hot ng vi gi tri nh
mc.Khi chn tc 2, PLC ra lnh bin tn hot ng tn s 25Hz, bm hot ng vi
tc bng 1/2 tc nh mc c th tit kim nng lng tiu th.H thng dng khi
c lnh Stop( Start=0).
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CHNG 8: LA CHN THIT B V THI CNG

H THNG
8.1.
La chn thit b
8.1.1. La chn thit b ng lc
- Chn ng c v bm:
Trong ti chn ng c i lin vi bm vi cc thng s nh sau:
o Bm trc ngang.
o ng c 3 pha khng ng b.
o Cng sut ng c 0,75 KW.
o in p nh mc ng c 220 V.
o Dng in nh mc ng c 3,2 A.
o Tn s nh mc ng c 50Hz.
o Tc nh mc ng c 2850 rpm.
o Lu lng bm 90 lt/pht
- Chn bin tn
Chn bin tn hng Siemens th h MM420 chuyn bm qut vi dy cng sut
nh .Chn cng sut bin tn bng cng sut ng c 0,75 KW.
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Hnh8.1: Catalog bin tn MM420
- Chn CB bo v ngn mch bin tn

Chn CB bo v bin tn theo khuyn co ca Siemens v cc thit b i km vi
bin tn. CB c thng s chnh nh sau:
o Dng in nh mc Idm=16 A.
o Dng ngt tc thi 208 A.

o Dng ngt ngn mch Icu= 50KA.
- Chn Contactor iu khin ng ngt bin tn
Chn Contactor theo khuyn co ca Siemens v cc thit b i km vi bin tn .
Contactor c thng s chnh nh sau:
o
Dng in nh mc Idm=17 A.
o in p cun coil 230V, 50/60Hz
- Chn cu ch bo v mch iu khin

Cu ch c chc nng bo v ngn mch mch iu khin, chn cu ch c dng
nh mc ln hn hoc bng dng in ln nht ca mch iu khin. S dng 1 cu ch
cho dy pha vo mch iu khin .Thng s cu ch nh sau:
o Dng in nh mc Idm=17 A,
o Dng nh mc Idm=4 A.
o in p nh mc 220v.
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- Chn cp in mch ng lc
Chn dy dn mch ng lc gm c dy dn cho u vo bin tn v dy
dn u ra bin tn. Tit din dy dn chn theo khuyn co ca Siemens.Chn tit
din dy vo v ra bin tn l 2 mm 2
Bng 8.1 Bng chn tit din dy dn
- Chn cm bin analog o mc nc

o mc nc bn cha c nhiu loi cm bin s dng nh cm bin mc,
cm bin p sut, cm bin siu m. Ty theo yu cu v tng loi cht lng m chn cm
bin ph hp, trong ti s dng cm bin p sut n nh mc nc. Cm bin p
sut hng Sensys c thng s nh sau :
- Di o 0-0.2 par tng ng 0-2m nc
- Ngun cp 11- 28 Vdc
- Tn hiu output 0 - 5 Vdc
- Sai s 0,25%.
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8.1.2. La chn thit b mch iu khin
- Chn PLC
Trong ti c s dng truyn thng USS vi bin tn ng thi gim st hot
ng ca h thng nn cn PLC c 2 port truyn thng .1 port truyn thng vi bin tn
qua giao thc USS, 1 port kt ni vi my tnh gim st qua cp PPI.V vy nhm chn
PLC s7-200 CPU 224 xp . Thng s c bn:
o 14u vo s (DI), 10 u ra s (D0).
o 2 u vo tng t 0-10V(AI), 1 u ra tng t 0-10V hoc 0-20mA
(AO).
o
2 port truyn thng
- Chn nt nhn
Chn nt nhn t th cho cc trng thi Start, Stop, Xa li. Chn switch cho ch
Auto/Manual v chn tc 1 / tc 2.Chn nt nhn gi, hi khi vn xoay cho
trang thi E-Stop
- Chn n bo
Chn n bo cho cc trang thi Strat, Stop, Error vi cc thng s sau:
o in p nh mc 220 VAC
o Dng in nh mc 20mA
-
Ngun DC 24V
S dng ngun DC 24V lm ngun cp cho PLC v cm bin. Ngun c cng sut
80W
-
Chn Relay
S dng relay nhm mc ch cch ly PLC v mch iu khin bo v
PLC.Chn relay c thng s sau:
o in p nh mc 220VAC
o Dng in nh mc 10A
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o in p cun coil 24VDC

o S tip im 2NO, 2NC.
8.2.
Thit k h thng
8.2.1. Thit k phn c kh
Phn c kh ca h thng c thit k trn phn mm autocard .Gm c khung

st lm gi , 2 bn nc, bn di c nhim v cung cp nc , bn trn s dng
n nh mc theo yu cu ti.
Hnh 8.2 Bn v thit k c kh h thng
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8.2.2. Thit k h thng in
Bn v h thng in, s u ni c thit k trn phn mm autocard.
Hnh 8.3 Bn v h thng in

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8.3.
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Thi cng h thng
Sau khi c bn v c kh v h thng in nhm tin hnh thi cng c kh v u ni

cc thit b .Hnh di y l m hnh h thng sau khi hon thnh.
Hnh 8.4: M hnh h thng sau khi hon thnh
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CHNG 9: THIT K H THNG SCADA CHO

H THNG
9.1.
Gii thiu chung v cc chc nng s dng trong WinCC
9.1.1. WinCC
WinCC l vit tt ca Window Control Center (Trung tm iu khin chy trn nn
Window), ni cch khc n cung cp cc cng c phn mm thit lp mt giao din
iu khin chy trn cc h iu hnh ca Microsoft nh WinXP, Win7 Trong dng
sn phm thit k giao din phc v cho vn hnh gim st, WinCC thuc th hng
SCADA (c tnh nng iu khin gim st v thu thp d liu) vi nhng chc nng hu
hiu cho vic iu khin.
Mt trong nhng c im ca WinCC l c tnh m. N c th s dng mt cch d
dng vi cc phn mm chun v phn mm ca ngi s dng, to nn giao din ngimy p ng nhu cu thc t mt cch chnh xc. Nhng nh cung cp h thng c th
pht trin ng dng ca h thng qua WinCC nh mt nn tng m rng h thng.
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Hnh 9.1: To mt chng trnh WinCC

9.1.2. c trng c bn
WinCC ang c ng dng trong nhiu lnh vc khc nhau, ph bin nht l t
ng ha qu trnh iu khin v gim st quy trnh sn xut. Khi mt h thng s
dng chng trnh WinCC iu khin v thu thp d liu t qu trnh, c th m
phng cc s kin xy ra trong qu trnh bng cc s , hnh nh trc quan.
Ngoi kh nng thch ng cho vic xy dng cc h thng c qui m nh v va
khc nhau, WinCC cn c th d dng tch hp vi nhng ng dng c qui m ln nh
h thng qun l vic thc hin sn xut MES (Manufacturing Excution System) v h
thng ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning).
9.1.3. C s d liu ODBC/SQL
C s d liu SQL c tch hp sn trong WinCC. Tt c cc d liu v cu hnh
h thng v cc d liu ca qu trnh iu khin c lu gi trong c s d liu ny.
Ngi dung c th d dng truy cp ti d liu ca WinCC thng qua SQL v ODBC.
Truy cp ny cho php WinCC chia s d liu vi cc ng dng v c s d liu khc
chy trn nn Window.
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ng dng trong lun vn: s dng SQL to mt c s d liu v lu cc thng s hot

ng ca h thng theo chu k 2s cp nhp thng s 1 ln, ta c th truy cp vo c s d
liu to ny bng nhiu hnh thc, trn my ch, trn my con qua mng Internet. S
dng ODBC to mt c s d liu file Access, access lu cc thng s hot ng ca h
thng.
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9.1.4. Cc chc nng s dng trong WinCC

Giao din lm vic ca chng trnh WinCC
Hnh 9.2: Mn hnh lm vic ca WinCC
Computer : ci t cc thuc tnh Runtime
Cho php ci t cc thuc tnh khi chy ch Runtime nh:

-
Alarm Longging.
Tag Longging.
Report.
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Graphics.
Hnh 9.3: Mn hnh ci t thuc tnh Runtime
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Tag Management:
La chn kt ni gia PLC v phn mm WinCC nh:

-
OPC
Kt ni PLC v WinCC qua PC Access

-
PC Access:
Hnh 9.4: Giao din chng trnh PC Access

-
Chn driver kt ni PC Access v WinCC
Vo giao din WinCC click chut phi Tag Management\Add New driver\OPC.
-
Add tag vo WinCC:
Trong th Tag Management chn OPC click chut phi vo OPC Groups chn
System Parameter
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Local\ S7-200.OPC Server\ Brose Server\ Next\ S7-200 OPCServer\ Microwin\

SCADA_MASTER chn tag cn add click Add Items click OK.
Hnh 9.5: Add tag vo WinCC

Graphics Designer
L h thng ha ca WinCC x l tt c u vo u ra hin th trn mn hnh
trong qu trnh hot ng. Kh nng hin th thng tin iu khin di dng ha vi
cc cng c c sn:
-
Cc hnh v ca cc phn t tiu biu (bm, quat, van, nt nhn, n ).
Cc phm, hp thoi, thanh trt.
Cc mn hnh ng dng v hin h.
Cc i tng OLE, ActiveX.
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Hnh 9.6: Mt mn hnh thit k Graphics Designer
Tag Longging
Chc nng c s dng thu thp d liu ca qu trnh cng ngh hin th
chng v lu tr, ta c th t do nh dng cc kiu d liu khi lu tr chng. Cc gi tr

ca qu trnh c th hin bng bng trc tuyn (Online Table) v th (Trend)
Hnh 9.7: Mn hnh Tag Longging

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Alarm Longging
H thng Alarm ca WinCC cung cp y thng tin v cc li v trng thi ni
chung trong qu trnh hot ng. N th hin cc thng bo trong hin ti cng nh trong
qu kh. Cc thng bo ny gip ngi vn hnh sm pht hin ra cc s c khc phc
kp thi trnh cc s c. Ta c th t do la chn cc khi thng bo, cc th hng thng
bo, cc dng thng bo, cc kiu hin th thng bo.
Hnh 9.8: Mn hnh Alarm Longging
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Report Designer
WinCC cung cp h thng bo co cho php ta a cc d liu ra giy. N in cc bo
co v th t thng bo, bo co v vic lu tr cc thng bo, bo co v hot ng ca

ngi vn hnh, bo co v cc thng bo ca h thng, bo co ca ngi s dng v
bo co di dng vn bn in ty .
Hnh 9.9: Mn hnh to Report Alarm
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User Administrator
Cho php phn quyn cho cc i tng. To cc USER thc hin vic ng nhp
vo h thng. User Admistrator c th la chn 2 chc nng cho mi User:
-
Ch c kh nng gim st.
Va gim st va iu khin
Hnh 9.10: Mn hnh User Administrator
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9.2.
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Thit k giao din SCADA trong n

Trong thi i cng ngh sn xut hin i ngy nay, h thng iu khin gim st
v thu thp d liu c p dng ngy cng rng ri trong cc nh my, x nghip sn
xut t ng. H thng SCADA c th kt ni vi rt nhiu thit b o c v iu
khin cc thit b chp hnh t khong cch rt xa (ln n vi ngn cy s).
SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) l mt h thng iu khin
gim st v thu thp d liu. c th iu khin v gim st t xa th h SCADA
phi c h thng giao thc truy cp, truyn ti d liu cng nh h giao din gia
ngi v my (HMI Human Machine Interface).
Thit k giao din SCADA cho h thng thc hin cc chc nng: gim st, iu
khin v thu thp d liu.
9.2.1. Giao din iu khin trung tm
Hnh 9.11: Mn hnh iu khin trung tm
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Giao din l mt h thng SCADA mini, thc hin cc chc nng iu khin, gim st
v thu thp d liu.
Mn hnh giao din iu khin tch hp cc chc nng ca mt h thng SCADA, t
mn hnh iu khin chnh ta c th thc hin truy cp n tng chc nng trong h
thng.
Mn hnh iu khin trung tm gm cc chc nng:
o Phn chc nng chuyn mn hnh iu khin v gim st, nh ngha cc nt
nhn:
INFORMATION: Chuyn ti mn hnh thng tin v ti, thng tin
v gio vin hng dn, sinh vin thc hin v mn hnh ng nhp
vo h thng.
CONFIGURATION: Chuyn ti mn hnh vi chc nng hin th
cu hnh ca h thng,
CONTROL INTERFACE: L giao din iu khin chnh ca h
thng.
ALARM: Chuyn ti mn hnh ALARM, hin th cc cnh bo cho
h thng.
REPORT: Xut d liu ra file Access, lu tr d liu hot ng ca
h thng
READ/WRITE DATA: Chuyn n mn hnh c ghi cc thng s
ca bin tn.
ERROR CODE: Chuyn ti mn hnh tra li ca h thng khi c li
xy ra.
EXIT: C chc nng thot khi mn hnh RUNTIME.
TREND: chuyn ti mn hnh th hin th v bng gi tr ca cc
thng s khi h thng hot ng, bao gm:
Dng in ng c
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in p ng c
Tc ng c
Tn s ng c
in nng tiu th
Mc nc trong bn
o Chc nng PI: L phn c ghi cc gi tr Setpoint, Kp, Ti trong chc nng
t ng ca h thng.
WRITE: Thc hin chc nng ghi cc gi tr PI vo bin tn bao gm
SETPOINT1: ghi gi tr Setpoint khi bin tn dng.
SETPOINT2: Ghi gi tr Setpoint khi bin tn ang hot ng.
KP: Ghi gi tr KP trong iu khin PI ca bin tn.
TI: Ghi gi tr Ti trong iu khin PI ca bin tn.
o Phn iu khin: gm cc nt nhn thc hin cc chc nng:
FIELD: Chn ch iu khin cho h thng l hin trng, tc l
vn hnh h thng bng cc nt nhn m hnh v gim st h thng
trong mn hnh SCADA, xut d liu t mn hnh gim st. Khi
chn ch ny s v hiu ha ch MONITORING. Ch ny
dnh cho cc k s vn hnh m hnh thc t. Vn hnh ch ny
c cc nt nhn:
Cng tc chuyn ch AUTO/MANUAL.
Nt nhn START: Cho h thng hot ng.
Nt nhn STOP: Cho h thng ngng hot ng.
Nt nhn FAUL: Xa li h thng sau khi khc phc s c.
Nt nhn E_STOP: Dng h thng khn cp khi c s c.
Cng tc chn tc cho ch MANUAL.
V cc n hin th cc trang thi h thng ang hot ng.
MONITORING: Chn ch iu khin cho h thng l gim st,
tc l vn hnh v gim st h thng qua mn hnh SCADA. Khi
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chn ch ny s v hiu ha ch FIELD. ch ny s c
cc phm chc nng:
AUTO: Chn ch hot ng l t ng, thc hin chc
nng iu n nh mc nc bng chc nng PI trong bin
tn, gim st v thu thp d liu bng mn hnh SCADA.
MANUAL: Chn ch iu khin cho h thng l bng tay,
l vn hnh my bm chy 2 tc cho trc.
SPEED1: Tc 1 ca my bm ch bng tay.
SPEED2: Tc 2 ca my bm ch bng tay.
START: Cho h thng bt u hot ng ch iu khin
l MONITORING.
STOP: Cho h thng ngng hot ng ch iu khin l
MONITORING.
CLEAR_ERROR: Xa li sau khi khc phc xong li ca
h thng, c thc hin ch iu khin MONITORING.
E_STOP: Cho h thng dng khn cp khi c s c xy ra
ch iu khin l MONITORING.
o H thng hin th n: Mn hnh gm 9 n hin th cc chc nng c

chn v ch ang chy:
ERROR: C s c xy ra.
SPEED1: My bm chy tc 1.
SPEED2: My bm chy ch 2.
MONITORING: Chn ch iu khin l gim st .
FIELD: Chn ch iu khin l hin trng.
AUTO: Ch t ng ang hot ng
MANUAL: Ch bng tay ang hot ng
RUN: H thng ang chy
STOP: H thng dng li.
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o Chc nng hin th: Mn hnh iu khin trung tm hin th cc thng s

ca h thng:
Dng in ng c.
in p ng c.
Tc ng c.
Tn s ng c.
in nng tiu th.
Mc nc.
9.2.2. Giao din thng tin
Giao din th hin thng tin ca n gm:
o Tn trng.
o Tn n.
o Tn gio vin hng dn.
o Tn sinh vin thc hin.
o ng nhp h thng bng nt nhn LONGIN/LONGOUT
o Chuyn qua mn hnh iu khin trung tm CONTROL INTERFACE
Hnh 9.12: Giao din thng tin

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9.2.3. Giao din c ghi thng s bin tn

Mn hnh gm 2 chc nng c v ghi thng s ca bin tn:
o c thng s: mn hnh c thng s thc hin chc nng c tt c cc
thng s ca bin tn, nhp thng s cn c v vo P(R) v thng s s
c c v khi nhn nt READ. Trong thng s bin tn c 2 kiu d
liu ca thng s chnh l WORD v REAL. Cc gi tr tng ng s c
hin cc tng ng.
o Ghi thng s vo bin tn: Mn hnh ghi thng s vo bin tn thc hin cc
chc nng ghi thng s cn ci t vo bin tn. Bin tn cho php ghi 2
kiu d liu l WORD v REAL vo qua truyn thng USS. Nhp thng s
cn ci t vo P(R) v nhp gi tr mun ghi vo GI TR WORD
v GI TR REAL. Trc khi ghi thng s vo bin tn cn xc nh
kiu d liu ca thng s mi thc hin vic ghi thnh cng.
Hnh 9.13: Giao din c ghi thng s bin tn
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9.2.4. Giao din Alarm

Giao din ALARM: Mn hnh ALARM th hin cc cnh bo ca h thng, gip tao
bit c h thng ang hot ng nh th no v khi xy ra s c c th bit c s c
g, v tr s c, cch khc phc s c
Hnh 9.14: Giao din Alarm

9.2.5. Giao din Report
Mn hnh REPORT ca h thng SCADA thc hin chc nng lu tr d liu vn
hnh ca h thng v to mt Database theo mun ca ngi s dng.
Trong chc nng lu tr d liu in bo co: thc hin chc nng ny bng cch to
mt Table gm cc d liu cn in ra bo co, sau mi ngy, mi ca vn hnh c th in bo
co bng phm Print trong giao din REPORT.
To Database: S dng ngn ng VBS v cc hm c h tr sn ca Siemens xut
d liu ra file Access hoc SQL. Qua d liu to ta c th truy cp vo h thng d
liu v xem thng tin vn hnh ca h thng bt c lc no. Bng cch to 12 file Access
trc h thng SCADA s t lu d liu v, trong mi file c 31 table, mi table lu d
liu hot ng ca 1 ngy.
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Cc thng s ca h thng ca m hnh cn in n

o Dng in ng c.
o in p ng c.
o Tc ng c.
o Mc nc trong bn.
o in nng tiu th.
o Ngi ng nhp.
o Thi gian.
Hnh 9.15: File ACCESS c xut ra v lu tr.
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9.2.6. Giao din Trend/ Table

Giao din TREND/TABLE th hin th v bng gi tr cc thng s ca h thng.
Da vo th v bng gi tr ta co th thy c mt cch tng th v thng s
khi h thng hot ng, qua ta c th nh gi c p ng, chnh xc ca
thng s khi h thng hot ng, da vo ta c th iu chnh cho ph hp vi yu cu
Trong cc giao din TREND/TABLE gm cc thng s:
-
Dng in ng c: th hin gi tr dng in ca ng c bng th v bng gi
tr, qua ta c th thy c cc thi im c s c nh qu dng, v bit c p ng

ca dng in trong qu trnh hot ng ca h thng.
Hnh 9.16: th dng in ng c

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in p ng c: Th hin gi tr in p ca ng c bng th v bng gi tr,
qua ta c th thy c cc thi im c s c nh qu p, thp p, v bit c p

ng ca in p trong qu trnh hot ng ca h thng.
Hnh 9.17: th in p ng c
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Tc ng c: th hin tc ng c bng th v bng gi tr, qua ta c
th gim st c p ng ca tc trong qu trnh chy v gim st c li ca h

thng.
Hnh 9.18: th tc ng c
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Tn s ng c: Th hin gi tr ca tn s ng c bng th v bng gi tr.
Hnh 9.19: th tn s ng c
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in nng tiu th: Th hin gi tr ca cng sut tiu th ca h thng bng th
v bng gi tr. Qua ta c th nh gi c mc tiu th in nng ca h thng,

a ra nhng gi php v tit kim nng lng cng nh k hoch u t nhng h thng
tng t.
Hnh 9.20: th in nng tiu th
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Mc nc: Th hin mc nc ca h thng qua th v bng gi tr. Qua ta
c th gim st c p ng ca mc nc, v a ra nhng iu chnh trong cch

iu khin c c p ng nh yu cu
Hnh 9.21: th mc nc
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9.3.
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iu khin gim st qua mng LAN
9.3.1. Gii thiu v mng LAN

LAN l vit tt ca cm t Local Area Netwwork (Mng cc b) cc my tnh trong
mt khu vc hn ch c th kt ni vi nhau qua cc dy cp, qua kt ni m cc my
tnh c th trao i thng tin, d liu cho nhau, dung chung cc thit b ngoi vi.
Mng LAN c nhiu quy m v mc phc tp khc nhau, n c th ch lin kt vi
ba my tnh c nhn v dng chung mt thit b ngoi vi t tin nh my in lazer chng
hn. Cc h thng phc tp hn th c my tnh trung tm (My ch Server) cho php
nhng ngi dng trao i thng tin vi nhau v thm nhp vo cc c s d liu dng
chung.
Hnh 9.22: Mng LAN gm 4 my tnh.

Phm vi ng dng ca mng LAN: mng LAN thng c s dng kt ni cc
my tnh trong 1 gia nh, trong 1 qun NET, trong mt ta nh, c quan, trng hc.
Gii hn ca mng LAN l phm vi bn knh 100m. c li xa hn ngi ta thng s
dng mng Internet kt ni.
Cc kiu kt ni ca mng LAN:
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Mng LAN kiu u BUS:
Hnh 9.23: Kiu mng LAN u BUS

Vi kiu u BUS my tnh c kt ni vi nhau thng qua mt trc cp,
u mi cp c mt Terminador nh du im kt thc ca ng trc. Mi my
tnh c kt ni vi trc cp thng qua transceptor.
u im: tit kim dy cp.
Nhc im: tc chm. Nu trc cp h th h thng ngng hot
ng. Khi c s c th rt kh kim tra v sa li.
-
Mng LAN kiu u RING (u vng):
Hnh 9.24: Kiu mng LAN u RING

Cc my tnh trong mng u vi 1 cp trc khp kn
u im: tit kim dy cp, tc nhanh hn kiu BUS.
Nhc im: nh kiu u BUS.
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Mng LAN u kiu sao:
Hnh 9.25: Kiu mng LAN u sao.

Cc my tnh trong mng c kt ni vi mt thit b chung nh HUB,
SWITCH
u im: cho tc nhanh nht. Cc my c lp vi h thng, khi
c 1 my h th h thng vn hot ng bnh thng. D dng kim
tra v sa li.
Nhc im: tn km v dy v thit b trung gian.
9.3.2. Thit lp kt ni
Trong phn mm WinCC c chc nng Web Nevigator cho php ngi iu khin
c th vn hnh, gim st h thng qua mng cc b (LAN). thc hin c iu ny
yu cu my ch phi ci t phn mm WinCC bao gm : giao din SCADA v c ci
t Web - Nevigator sever .My khch khng cn ci t phn mm Wincc, ch cn ci
t Web - Nevigator client. Sau khi tha mn cc yu cu trn ta tin hnh thit lp cc
bc sau.
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Khi to trn my ch
-
Trong giao din chnh Wincc kch phi vo mc Web-Nevigator chn Web- view
Publisher. Trong ca s hin rat a chn Next, tip theo add tt c cc Graphics Designer
m ta to cho giao din SCADA, chn next cho n khi kt thc,
-
Trong giao din chnh Wincc kch phi vo mc Web-Nevigator chn Web-
Configurator. Trong ca s hin ra chn next , sau in cc thng tin nh hnh nn

di. Phn quan trong nht l a ch IP nu my khch v my ch kt ni chung vi
Modem Internet th a ch IP t ng c to .Nu my khch v my ch n thun
c ni vi nhau bng cp RJ45 th ta phi tin hnh to IP tnh cho my ch v my
khch. Hon thnh ta chn Finish
Hnh 9.26: Khi to kt ni my ch

-
Nh ni trn nu my khch v my ch kt ni qua modem Internet th ti y

l hon thnh vic khi to .Cn vi trng hp kt ni qua RJ45 ta phi tin hnh
to IP tnh trc sau dng a ch khi to.
Sau khi khi to kt ni thnh cng ta lp cc User ng nhp vi cc chc nng

khc nhau trong phn User Administrator. Ty vo i tng ta c th cp cho
User va iu khin va gim st hoc ch c gim st.
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ng nhp t my khch
-
Sau khi to xong User ,t my khch ta s dng trnh duyt web Internet Expoler
nhp a ch IP my ch, sau dng User ng nhp vo giao din SCADA . giao
din SCADA ny c y chc nng m giao din SCADA chnh c.
9.3.3. ng dng vo ti
Vic s dng chc nng Web-Nevigator gip cho nhm gii quyt c yu cu iu
khin v gim st qua mng LAN trong ti.
Hnh 9.27: iu khin, gim st t my khch qua mng LAN
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Hnh 9.28: Giao din SCADA trn my khch
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CHNG 10: KT QU THC HIN V

HNG PHT TRIN TI
10.1. Kt qu thc hin
Sau mt thi gian tm hiu cc ng dng, gii php, cch thc hin nhm thc
hin c m hnh bm n nh mc dng PLC v bin tn , trong qu trnh thc
hin nhm lun bm st nhng yu cu cng nh gii php ra thc thi trn m
hnh v trong iu khin t c mt kt qu tt. Sau y l tm tt li cch thc
hin, gii quyt v gii php cho cc yu cu ra.
o Tm hiu cc ng dng thc t ca h thng trong thc t (chng 1), tm
hiu v nh gi cc gii php khc nhau iu khin mc nc trong bn
(chng 1). a ra gii php ca nhm gii quyt vn n nh mc
(chng 1, chng 3).
o Tm hiu v a ra gii php tit kim in nng to u im trong cch
thc hin, cch gii quyt ti (chng 3)
o T gii php a ra tm hiu, tnh ton v thi cng m hnh (chng 2,
chng 7).
o H thng hot ng n nh vi cc thng s k thut nh: tc cn chy,
mc nc cn n nh, cc thng s hot ng an ton.
o C 3 ch :
Mannual: ch hot ng bng tay (chng 6)
Auto: ch hot ng t ng.
Gim st v iu khin t xa qua man LAN (chng 8).
o Trong qu trnh hot ng ca bin tn ta c th can thip ti cc thng s,
cc hot ng c th ca bin tn bng PLC, c, gi, ci t cc thng s
bng PLC (chng 4 v chng 8).
o Gii quyt cc vn s c ca h thng:
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Ngun in ngn hn: s dng chc nng khi ng bm v chc

nng t khi ng li, gii hn s ln khi ng li trong s c mt
in lin tc (Chng 5)
S c ng ng, ngun cp nc, trn bn: nhm tm hiu cch
khc phc s c trn bng cch ci trong bin tn nhng MM420
khng h tr chc nng gim st momen nn nhm a ra gii php
ny i vi bin tn khc c h tr nh MM430 (Chng 6)
thay th gii php trn nhm ua ra gii php nh sau
khc phc s c:
S dng phao in bn di x l s c ngun cp nc.
S dng phao in bn trn x l s c trn bn.
S dng chc nng khi ng bm, van 1 chiu, khp ni
trnh s c x ng ng, kt ng ng, ba nc
S c truyn thng: tm hiu cc m li ca truyn thng c th
a ra cch khc phc nhanh nht v chnh xc nht (WinCC chng
8).
o Thit k h thng SCADA thc hin cc chc nng iu khin, gim st
v thu thp d liu. H thng SCAD ph hp vi cc mc ch iu khin
v gim st, thu thp d liu v to mt Database c th truy cp cc trng
thi trc ca h thng (chng 8).
Trong h SCADA c th gim st cc thng s hot ng nh: in p,
dng in, mc nc, in nng tiu th..
o Bng vic thit lp mt Database cho h thng th cc hot ng, cc trng
thi ca h thng c lu tr t ng, t Database ny c th lp cc bo
co, thng k tnh ton theo tun theo thng.
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10.2. Nhng kh khn gp phi

V y l m hnh mang tnh cht thc t rt cao nn trong qu trnh thc hin nhm
cn tm hiu mt s h thng thc t, trong qu trnh tm hiu rt kh c th c ti liu
v mt h thng thc t.
Cc thit b s dng trong m hnh l cc thit b cng nghip, v m hnh nh nn
vic tm kim cc thit b cng gp nhiu kh khn.
V chng em cng t c tip sc vi cc h thng thc t nn cn rt thiu v kinh
ngim, hiu bit nn vic tip cn vn , gii quyt vn , thc hin vn cn rt
nhiu thiu st, v rt cn s gip , ch bo ca thy (c).
10.3. Hn ch ti
V chng em cha c nhiu kinh nghim trong vic thc hin mt m hnh thc t nn
trong n cn nhiu im hn ch, cha thc s tt. Khu hiu chnh thng s PI cn
cha c nhiu kinh nghim nn h thng vn dao ng v vt l cao. V mt s vn
m cha m rng thm ng dng trong m hnh.
10.4. Hng pht trin ti
Nh phn tch trn th h thng c tnh ng dng trong thc t rt cao, v vy vic
pht trin ti rt a dng. Mun p dng trong thc t th ch cn tnh ton cc thit b
ph hp vi cc yu cu thc t.
S dng mng truyn thng USS hoc cao cp hn l Profibus c th thit lp mt h
thng trong thc t vi quy m ln.
Vic kt ni PLC v bin tn th c th khai thc ti a cc chc nng ca bin tn
ph hp vi h thng thc t ang hoat ng.
Pht trin iu khin v gim st qua mng Internet, gi thng bo khi c s c qua tin
nhn, gi bo co hng ngy qua Email.
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TI LIU THAM KHO
Ting anh:
[01] Siemens Manual PLC S7 300 SIEMENS
[02] Siemens WinCC V 7.0 SIEMENS
[03] Siemens MM420 manual SIEMENS
[04] Wed Navigation SIEMENS
[05] Application ATV61
[06] WinCC V6-VBS SIEMENS
[07] USS Protocol SIEMENS
[08] USS Protocol- S7-200 SIEMENS
Ting vit
[09] Hng dn s dng MM420 ting vit (cha r tc gi)
[10] Hng dn s dng WinCC (cha r tc gi)
[11] Hng dn s dng Step7 Microwin (cha r tc gi)
[12] iu khin hin i (cha r tc gi)
[13] Tit kim nng lng bm qut (cha r tc gi)
[14] Bin tn 2012 (cha r tc gi)
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Web:
PLC-SCADA.COM.VN
Plcvietnam.com
Webdien.com
Tailieu.vn
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PH LC
I.
PLC S7-200, CPU 224XP.(nh km)
II.
CU TO V NGUYN L HOT NG CHUNG CA BIN TN()
III.
SCADA V PHN MM WINCC..(nh km)
IV.
PHN MM STEP7 MICROWIN...(nh km)
V.
PHN MM PC ACCESS(nh km)
VI.
CHNG TRNH STEP7(nh km)
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Page 104

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n tt nghip

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TRNG I HC GIAO THNG VN TI TP. H CH MINH

TP. H CH MINH 09/2012

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t c thnh qu ngy hm nay, chng em xin chn thnh cm n su sc n

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Tng kt v phn tch cc ng dng v gii php thc t vn iu khin mc

Gii php tit kim nng lng.

Tnh ton, la chn cc thit b ng lc v iu khin

Tm hiu bin tn MM420 ca Siemens, s dng chc nng iu khin PI trong

H thng hot ng n nh, tin cy, m bo cc yu cu k thut.

Xy dng h thng SCADA trn phn mm Wincc vi cc chc nng iu khin,

iu khin gim st thng qua mng LAN.

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NHIM V N TT NGHIP ................................................................................. iii

Tm hiu v i tng ............................................................................................. 2

Gii php cng ngh ang c s dng ........................................................ 3

La chn gii php v nhim v ti ................................................................... 4

La chn gii php .......................................................................................... 4

CHNG 2: TNG QUAN L THUYT .......................................................................... 8

Gii thiu chung v bn nc .......................................................................... 8

Bn nc s dng trong ti ......................................................................... 9

ng c khng ng b ba pha ............................................................................ 10

Nguyn l hot ng ....................................................................................... 11

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Gii thut PID ....................................................................................................... 13

iu khin bng khu t l P .......................................................................... 13

iu khin bng khu vi phn t l PD .......................................................... 13

iu khin bng khu t l tch phn PI ......................................................... 15

iu khin bng khu vi tch phn t l PID .................................................. 16

ng dng iu khin PI trong bin tn........................................................... 17

CHNG 3: GII PHP TIT KIM NNG LNG ................................................ 19

Vn iu khin lu lng ca bm .................................................................. 19

iu khin theo kiu truyn thng ................................................................. 19

iu khin bng bin tn ............................................................................... 19

Dng van tit lu iu chnh lu lng ......................................................... 22

Dng bin tn thay i tc ng c .......................................................... 23

Tnh ton cng sut bm....................................................................................... 23

So snh dng van v dung bin tn ...................................................................... 24

CHNG 4: GIAO THC USS....................................................................................... 25

Tng quan v giao thc USS ................................................................................. 25

Vng s liu PKW .......................................................................................... 27

Vng x l d liu PZD .................................................................................. 30

S dng cc lnh trong th vin USS ................................................................... 33

Lnh USS_INIT .............................................................................................. 33

Lnh USS_CTRL ............................................................................................ 34

Lnh USS_RPM_x .......................................................................................... 37

CHNG 5: CI T BIN TN.42

Ci t nhanh thng s ng c ........................................................................... 42

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Nhp thng s bin tn v bo v qu ti ng c ............................................... 43

Ci t cho php khi ng li ............................................................................. 45

Ti u ha c tnh tng, gim tc ....................................................................... 46