Admission Control

MSS R5.1 Seminar

GSDC Spain

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60/2882-FCP 101 4136 Uen Rev PA1 2008-09-26 2
What is Admission Control?
Admission Control:
The purpose of the Admission Control is to limit the traffic that is
admitted into the Nb interface (or other IP network) in order to
ensure that all traffic that is admitted meets the requirements on
the quality of the service.
Admission Control limits traffic in the Nb interface and protects
network from overload in case a congestion is detected.
M-MGw supports both static and dynamic admission control
mechanisms.

Note: Feature was already existing before MSS R5.1 and is
enhanced in MSS R5.1

Benefits:
Speech QoS
More efficient network dimensioning
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60/2882-FCP 101 4136 Uen Rev PA1 2008-09-26 3
Why is Admission Control needed?








NLA Architecture:
Inter-site calls are limited by
the number of TDM
channels between the
MSCs.
Once all channels are
occupied, no more inter-site
calls can be established until
a channel is released








LA Architecture
The backbone has no physical limit on
the number of inter-site calls.
But routers can be overloaded with IP
packets:
Queue packets -> delay, jitter
Discard packets -> bad quality
=> Speech quality degraded for ALL
inter-site calls.
T
1
T
2
MGw
T
3
T
4
MGw
Nb-IP
GCP/I
P
Bearer Control
Protocol
IP: Q.IPBCP



MSC-s

MSC-s
GCP/I
P
BSC
BICC
A-Int A-Int
BSC
A-Int


MSC


MSC
BSC
ISUP
A-Int
BSC
N TDM E1s
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60/2882-FCP 101 4136 Uen Rev PA1 2008-09-26 4
Admission Control in MGW
M-MGw supports both static and dynamic admission control:

The static admission control (SAC) is based on the preconfigured limits
to the traffic that is admitted.

The Measurement Based Admission Control (MBAC) is a type of
dynamic admission control.
There are no fixed limits to the total bandwidth of admitted calls and the
admission control is capable of reacting to the changes in the traffic and
the network dynamically.
The MBAC monitors the performance of the network and will block new
call attempts in case congestion indications are received.

MBAC and SAC can be used separately or together.



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60/2882-FCP 101 4136 Uen Rev PA1 2008-09-26 5
Static Admission Control
Limits the amount of traffic sent by MGW into the IP network
Value configurable by operators according to IP backbone link capacity
For IP payload traffic the M-MGw keeps track of the allocated IP payload
bandwidth of all media channels.
When a new connection is made, the bandwidth amount of the new connection
is added to the currently allocated IP payload bandwidth of all media channels
The allocated bandwidth for a call represents the average IP payload bandwidth
that is used by a call of the respective type
The sum of the allocated IP payload bandwidth of all media channels is collected
in a performance measurement counter
If the bandwidth in use reaches 80% level of the operator configurable limit, an
alarm is given informing that node might be running out of IP bandwidth.
If the bandwidth in use reaches 100% limit, an alarm is given that the node has
reached the 100% limit, and starts rejecting new traffic
Emergency calls override the admission control
SAC is not able to react to failure or congestion situations in the IP backbone
network



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60/2882-FCP 101 4136 Uen Rev PA1 2008-09-26 6
MSS 5.1 SAC Enhancements

The estimated bandwidth consumption of a call is now based on
measurements of average bandwidth consumption of previous
calls using the same type of codec and framing.
Static Admission Control (SAC) is also enhanced to distinguish
intra-site and inter-site IP traffic:
Site-internal traffic is not calculated in bandwidth calculations
used for SAC.
Site-internal traffic is never rejected by SAC.

Note: Intention of SAC is to avoid overload of the backbone.
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60/2882-FCP 101 4136 Uen Rev PA1 2008-09-26 7
Measurement Based Admission
Control

Measurement Based Admission Control (MBAC) is an optional feature
for measuring network performance in order to make admission control
decisions
M-MGw detects congestion by monitoring the packet stream.
If the rate of congestion indicators is above a configured threshold, the
MGW will block call bearer setup attempts between itself and the
concerned remote site, until the rate of congestion indicators has
decreased below the threshold.
Traffic between the M-MGw detecting congestion and other sites (from
which no congestion is detected) remains unaffected.
Emergency calls are always accepted




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60/2882-FCP 101 4136 Uen Rev PA1 2008-09-26 8
Measurement Based Admission
Control
The following are interpreted by the MGW as indication of
congestion:
Packet loss
ECN (Explicit Congestion Notification) market packets
Remarked DSCP Packets (NEW in MSS5.1)

In order for MBAC to function correctly, the routers must
be configured to indicate congestion


DCSP and ECN Fields in the DS Field of an IP Packet Header
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60/2882-FCP 101 4136 Uen Rev PA1 2008-09-26 9
MSS 5.1 MBAC Enhancements
MBAC is enhanced to detect congestion from IP packets with remarked
DSCP (Differentiated Services Code Point) field
With DCSP, traffic is classified into classes. Recommended value for IP
payload is EF class (Expedited Forwarding)
Router uses DCSP remarking to inform the M-MGw that the bandwidth
for voice traffic is exceeded. DCSP of IP packets gets changed from
indicating the EF class (Expedited Forwarding) to some other value
Only packets exceeding the allocated bandwidth are re-marked, other
packets remain EF marked
Re-marked packets are forwarded by the IP network as long as there is
still remaining capacity in the network. In case of congestion, re-marked
packets may be dropped in order not to block other traffic
The M-MGw is able to detect packets where the DSCP has been
remarked and interpret them as indications of congestion

MBAC is enhanced to support Mb and Iu over IP interfaces
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60/2882-FCP 101 4136 Uen Rev PA1 2008-09-26 10
MSS 5.1 Admission Control
Enhancements
Benefits:

Improved speech quality during overload situations.

More efficient network dimensioning.

Supports VoIP gateway (Mb) and Iu over IP interfaces.





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60/2882-FCP 101 4136 Uen Rev PA1 2008-09-26 11
Additional Information
Ericsson Media Gateway for Mobile Networks, M-MGw
R5, Network Impact Report
109 48-FGC 101 0191 Uen Rev G, Alex Documents
IP Functionality
1/1551-AXM 101 01/7 Uen B, Alex Documents
User Guide for IP Transport
16/1553-AXM 101 01/7 Uen A, Alex Documents
KSTool Presentation
MSS5.1 Workshop Recordings

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60/2882-FCP 101 4136 Uen Rev PA1 2008-09-26 12