B QUC PHNG.

HC VIN K THUT QUN s .

N MN HC CNG NGH CH TO MY.

bi:Thit k qui trnh cng ngh ch to trc khuu my Dp tm

Hc vin thc hin :

Phng Quc Hon
Lp
: My Tu Thu K234
Gio vin hng dn : Trn Hu Quang

H NI 2002.
NHIM V N

H v tn.Phnh Quc Hon. Lp: My Tu thu K234.Khoa :ng lc. 1 .Tn

ti: Thit h QTCN gia Gng ch tit Trc khuu my Dp tm.
2.
Cc
s liu ban u:
Bn v chi tit s:036.
Trang b cng ngh t chn.
3.
N
dung bn thuyt minh:
Li ni u.
/-PHN TCH SN PHM.
//-CHN PHUNG PHP CH TO PHI.
///-LP QUI TRNH CNG NGH GIA CNG c.
/V-TNH TON THT K G.
Ti liu tham kho.
4.
Bn
v:
01 Bn v chi tit hiu chnh (kh A3 ).
01 Bn v lng phi (kh A3 ).
01 Bn v s nguyn cng (khAo).
01 Bn v lp g (kh A,).
5.
Ti
liu khc:
01 Tp phiu cng ngh.
Ngy giao n: .............................. Ngy np n: .....................................
Gio vin hng dn.

Trn Hu Quang.

HA ova JLHX NYHN

MVQ OMH N31A OVID V13 I3X

NVHM

/7f?

//i^^

LI NI U.
Mn hc CNCTM c v tr quan trng trong chng trnh o to k s v cn b k thut v thit
k ch to cc loi my, trang b c kh phc v cc ngnh kinh t nh cng nghip, nns nghip,
giao thng vn ti, in lc,v..v. n mn hc CNCTM l n vn dng l thuyt ca nhiu mn
hc: CNKL1, CNKL2, CNCTM, Dung sai,.. gii quyt mt nhim v cng ngh . Vi mc ch
nh vy ti tin hnh thit k qui trnh cng ngh gia cng trc khuu my Dp tm.
Gia cng trc khuu my Dp tm l mt cng vic ht sc phc tp yu cu th bc cao, g,
my chuyn dng c tnh chnh xc cao. Cc nguyn cng gia cng trc khuu my Dp tm u
i hi phi c g song do phm vi nghin cu cng nh s hn ch v mt thi gian nn trong
n ch tin hnh thit k g cho nguyn cng phay 1 'nh then trn trc. y l nguyn cng
c tin hnh sau khi nhit luyn .
Vic hon thnh n mn hc s to cho hc vin c c s tt tm hiu thit k cc loi chi tit
khc.Pht huy tr sng to, thc t ch, t gic trong nghin cu gii quyt cc nhim v khoa hc
khc, hnh thnh phng php lun khoa hc cho ngi hc vin, c bit l cch tra cc bng biu.
Mc d c nhiu c gng trong nghin cu tham kho ti liu t ra cc gi thit v so snh kt
lun, tuy nhin do kin thc thc t cn hn ch, khi lng cng vic tng i lm, cc mn hc
v g cha nhiu nn trong n s cn c nhng thiu st. Ti rt mong nhn c s ng
gp kin xy dng ti c hon chnh hn.
Ti xin chn thnh cm n s hng dn ch bo ca thy gio hng dn Trn Hu Quang v s
gip ca cc ng ch trong lp gip ti hon thnh n ny.
Hc vin:
Phng Quc Hon.
Mc lc:
Li ni u
Mc lc

Trang
4
5

Chns I: Phn tch chi tit, chn phi v xc nh phng php ch to

1.1 Phn tch chi tit gia cng.
1.2 Xc nh phng php ch to phi.
Chng II : Lp qui trnh cng ngh gia cng c .
2.1 Th t cc nguyn cng .
2.2 S nguyn cng .
2.3 Tnh v tra lng d cho cc nguyn cng .
2.4 Tnh v tra ch ct cho cc nguyn cng .
Chng III: Thit k g .
3.1 Thit k g .
3.2 Nguyn l lm vic ca g .
Ti liu tham kho.

Ati.

6
6
7
8
8
8
15
18
23
23
26
27

CHNG I
PHN TCH CHI TIT V XC NH PHNG PHP CH TO PHI. Trong ni dung
chng ny chng ta s xem xt iu kin lm vic ca trc khuu my Dp tm t a ra c
nhns kt lun v tnh cng ngh ca kt cu.
1.1. Phn tch ch tit gia cng:
Trc khuu my Dp tm l mt trong nhng chi tit quan trng nht, bin chuyn ng tnh tin
thnh chuyn ng quay.
Trng thi lm vic ca trc khuu my Dp tm rt nng. Trong qu trnh lm vic, trc khuu chu
tc dng ca lc qun tnh ( qun tnh chuyn ng tnh tin v qun tnh chuyn ng quay).Nhng
lc ny c tr s rt ln v thay i theo chu k nn c tnh cht va p rt mnh. Ngoi ra cc lc tc
dng ni trn cn gy hao mn ln trn cc b mt ma st ca c trc v c bin. V vy i trong c
cu trc khuu phi m cc yu cu bn, cng vng, trng lng nh, t mn, chnh xc gia cng,

 bng cao,..
Trc khuu my Dp tm c cc b phn chnh nh sau:
1. u trc khuu .
2. C trc khuu .
3. M khuu .
4. C bin .
5. ui trc khuu.
u trc khuu: Thng dng nhn cng sut t my chnh.
C trc khuu : l b phn lp trc ln .
M khuu: L b phn ni c trc v c bin. Trong n ny m khuu c dng hnh trn
C bin : L phn ni vi thanh truyn to chuyn ng quay.
ui trc khuu: Thng lp vi cc chi tit my ca c cu truyn dn cng sut
So vi cc loi trc khuu khc v mt kt cu trc khuu my Dp tm l tng i n gin, ch to
phi bng phng php dp nng hoc rn khun. Tuy nhin do c kch thc ln nn trc khuu my
Dp tm li tr nn kh gia cng. Khi ct gt cn phi ch n cng vng ca dao. chnh xc
v bng l ph hp vi cc b mt lm vic.
Trong thc t sn xut trc khuu my Dp tm ngi ta thng c cc bin php cn 2 ngh lm
tng sc bn ca trc nh sau :
Dng phng php rn khun ch to trc .
Lm chai b mt bng phun bi thp, phun ct thch anh hoc ln cn b mt to cho lp b mt c
ng sut d nn lm tng sc bn mi.
Nhit luyn bng phng php tt nh ti cao tn, thm Nit,..
Mi bng b mt,
Tm li trc khuu my Dp tm l mt chi tit tng i on gin, kch thc ln, s b mt gia
cng l t nht c th. Do lm vic trong iu kin chu li trng cao nn yu cu k thut cao v th
gia cng trc khuu my Dp tm phi t chnh xc cao. Trong cc phn tip theo ta s nghin
cu phng php gia cng chi tit ny.
Dng sn xut: Trc khuu my Dp tm c qui m sn xut dng lot va, sn lng hng nm trung
bnh.
Ati.

1.2. Xc inh phng php ch tao phi.

Trong chng ny chng ta s phn tch chi tit v cc phng php gia cng quyt nh phng
php ch to phi.
Cn c vo hnh dng ca chi tit ta thy rng ch c th c cc phng php gia cng l rn ( rn t
do hoc rn khun) hoc c.
- i vi phng php c, thng l c cc trc khuu l thp ccbon, thp hp kim v sang
grafit cu. Phng php c trc khuu c nhng u im nh: trng lng phi v lng d gia cne
nh, ng thi c th c c nhng kt cu phc tp ca trc khin cho vic phn b khi lng
bn trong trc khuu c th thc hin theo mun t c sc bn cao nht. Tuy nhin phng
php c trc khuu cn c rt nhiu nhc im, l:
Thnh phn kim loi c kh ng u; thp kt tinh khng u tinh th pha trong th hn tinh
th pha ngoi, gang grafit cu c qu trnh cu ho khng hon ton nn nh hng n sc bn
ca trc khuu.
D xy ra cc khuyt tt c nh 1 ' ngt, r kh, rn nt ngm,..
Sc bn ko , nn ti cc gp khc km.
i vi phng php rn, trc khi gia cng ta phi tin hnh v thng ho kh ni lc. Trc
khi mi phi ti hoc ram m bo tnh nng ca trc khuu.

Cn c vo hnh dng ca chi tit, u nhc im ca cc phng php rn, c. phng n ca

n ny ta chn phng php ch to phi l rn khun.
CHNG II
LP QUI TRNH CNG NGH GIA CNG c Trong chng ny, t vic xc
nh phi l rn khun ta s tin hnh phn tch v gii quyt cc vn theo trnh t cc nguyn cng
sau:
2.1 Th t cc nguvn cng:
to ra sn phm chi tit trc khuu my Dp tm ta phi tin hnh gia cng theo th cc nguyn
cng sau:
Nguyn cng 1 : Phay mt u v khoan l tm.
Nguyn cng 2 : Tin th mt tr 45 v c>35.
Nguyn cng 3 : Tin tinh mt tr (>45 v ()35.
Nguyn cng 4 : Tin th c bin.
Nguyn cng 5 : Tin tinh c bin.
Nguyn cng 6 : Phay rnh then.
Nguyn cng 7 : Nhit luyn.
Nguyn cng 8 : Mi mt tr 4>45 v c>35.
Nguyn cng 9: Mi c bin.
2.2 S cc nguvn cng:
Theo cch phn chia nh trn c 10 nguyn cng, tuy nhin nguyn cng nhit luyn khng c s
nguyn cng m ta ch hnh dung l phi c nhng nguyn cng ny.
Cc s nguyn cng c th hin ln lt nh sau:
NGUYN CNG I: PHAY MT AU V KHOAN L TM.

Chn chun th: mt tr ngoi ca u v ui trc.

Chn my: tra bng 25 phn ph lc ti liu [7] ta chn my phay v khoan tm bn t ng k hiu
MP-76M c cc thng s chnh nh sau:
-ng knh chi tit gia cng: 25--80 [min].
-Chiu di chi tit gia cng: 400 [mm].
-Gii hn s vng quay ca dao: 1255 [v/p].
Chn dng c :
-Dao phay: theo bng IX-67 trang 258 ti liu [9] chn dao phay cn lp rng nh c cc thng s
c bn ca dao nh sau:
D=90[mm]; d=27[mm]; L=60[mm]; z=20[r];
-Dng c khoan l tm: tra bng IX- 67 trang 224 ti liu [9] chn mi khoan tm
chuyn dng
g: 2 khi V ngn .
Cc bc trong nguyn cng:
Phay mt u.
Khoan l tm.
NGUYN CNG II:TIN TH 045 v 035.

Chn chun: 2 l tm khng ch 5 bc t do.

Chn my: tra bng 4 trang 110 phn ph lc ti liu [7] ta chn my tin ren vt vn nng k hiu
1K62 c cc thng s c bn nh sau:
-ng knh gia cng ln nht: 400[mm].

-S cp tc : 23.
-Gii hn vng quay ca trc chnh: 12,5^-2000 [v/p].
My tin ren vt 1K62 c cc cp tc [mm]: 12,5; 16; 20; 25; 31,5; 40; 50; 63; 80; 100; 125;
160; 200; 250; 315; 400; 500; 630; 800; 1000; 1250; 1600; 2000.
Chn dao: theo bng 4-6 trang 263 ti liu [5] chn dao tin ngoi thn cong c gc nghing chnh
l 90(phi v tri) gn hp kim cng T15K6 c kch thc c bn l: h X b X L = 16 X 1 X 100
[mm].
g : 2 mi tm v kp tc.
Cc bc trong nguyn cng:
Ln g 1.
1. Tin th t 45,925
2. Tin th t 35,56
3. Vt mt.
Ln g 2.
4. Tin th t 45,925
5. Tin th t 35,56
6. Vt mp.
NGUYN CNG III: TIN TINH 45 v 35.

ArtM. Qff/)' 17/fifWfi

Chn my, g, dao, th t cc bc ging nguyn cng II.

Chn chun: 2 l tm khng ch 5 bc t do.
Chn my: tra bng 4 trang 110 phn ph lc ti liu [7] ta chn my tin ren vt vn nng k hiu
1K62 c cc thng s c bn nh sau:
-ng knh gia cng ln nht: 400[mm].
-S cp tc : 23.
-Gii hn vng quay ca trc chnh: 12,5^-2000 [v/p].
My tin ren vt 1K62 c cc cp tc [mm]: 12,5; 16; 20; 25; 31,5; 40; 50; 63; 80; 100; 125; 160;
200; 250; 315; 400; 500; 630; 800; 1000; 1250; 1600; 2000.
Chn dao: theo bng 4-6 trang 263 ti liu [5] chn dao tin ngoi thn cong c gc nghing chnh
l 90(phi v tri) gn hp kim cng T15K6 c kch thc c bn l: h X b X L = 16 X 10 X 100
[mm].
nh v : 2 mi tm v kp tc. Hn ch 5 bc t do Cc bc trong nguyn cng:
Ln g 1.
1 .Tin tinh t 45,535
2.
Tin tinh t
35,26 Ln g 2.
3.
Tin tinh t 45,535
4.
Tin tinh t 35,26

10

NGUYN CNG IV: TIN TH c BIN .

5
Chn chun: chun tinh u trc, ui trc v mt im m khuu; chun th: g trc. nh v: 2
khi V ngn.
Chn my: my tin 1K62 ging nguyn cng 2.
Chn dao: tra bng IX-13 trang 164 ti liu [9] chn dao tin lng gn hp kim cng c k hiu dao:
21041-001-BK6 c cc thng s c bn l:
B= 16 [mm]; H= 25 [mm]; L= 200 [mm]; h= 19,1 [mm]; b)= 6,7 [mm].
Th t nguyn cng:
- Tin th c bin t ()35,56 NGUYN
CNG V: TIN TINH c BIN .

11

Nguyn cng V c chun, my, g, dao ging nh nguyn cng IV.

Chn chun: chun tinh u trc, ui trc v mt im m khuu; chun th: g trc. nh v:
2 khi V ngn.
Chn my: my tin 1K62 ging nguyn cng 2.
Chn dao: tra bng IX-13 trang 164 ti liu [9] chn dao tin lng gn hp kim cng c k hiu
dao: 21041 -001-BK6 c cc thng s c bn l:
B= 16 [min]; H= 25 [mm]; L= 200 [mm]; h= 19,1 [min]; b|= 6,7 [mm].
Th t nguyn cng:
+Tin tinh c bin t ()35,26
Nguyn cng VI khc nguyn cng V ch cng ngh (ta s xem xt trong phn tra ch ct).
NGUYN CNG VI: PHAY RNH THEN.

Chn chun: Mt tr ngoi ca u trc khuu, ui trc khuu v 1 im m khuu. nh v: 2

khi V ngn v 1 cht t.
Chn my: chn my phay vn nng 6M82D4
Chn dao: tra bng 4-65 ti liu [5] chn dao phay ngn ui tr c cc thng s c bn nh sau:
+ ng knh dao phay: 4 [mm].
+ Chiu di phn li ct: 11 [mm].
+ Chiu di ton b dao: 43 [mm].
+S rng dao loi 1 l 4.
Th t nguyn cng:
+Phay rnh then di 50 [mm].
NGUYN CNG VII: NIIIT LUYN.
NGUYN CNGVIII: MI CC MT TR C 045 v 035.

12

Chn chun: hai l tm khng ch nm bc t do.

nh v : ging nguyn cng II.
Chn my: tra bng 10 trang 113 phn ph lc ti liu [7] ta chn my mi trn nsoi k hiu 3A151
c cc
thng s
c bn
nh sau:
+ ng
knh gia
cng ln
nht: 200
[mm].
+ Chiu
di gia cng
ln nht:
750 [mm].
+Cn
1 1 C
trc:
4.
+ S
vng
quay ca trc chnh: 1080; 1240; S vng quay ca phi gia
cng: 75; 150; 300;
+TC ca bn my: 0,1H-0,6 [mm/p].
+Dch chuyn ngang ln nht ca mi: 200 [mm].
+Cng sut ca ng c: 7,5 [kW].
+Kch thc my: 2100x3100 [mm].
Chn mi: tra bng IX- 93 trang 304 ti liu [9] ta chn mi phng k hiu c cc thng s
c bn nh sau:
+ng knh mi: 80 [mm].
+Chiu dy ca mi: 63 mm].
Chn ht mi: tra bng 4-166 trang 418 ti liu [5] ta chn mi c ht l 50.
Cht kt dnh : Karemic.
Th t cc bc trong nguyn cng:
Ln g 1 ;
+ Mi th c trc t 45,1 di 65 [mm].
+ Mi tinh c trc t 44,95 di 65 [mm].
+ Mi th u trc t 35,01di 90 [mm],
+ Mi tinh u trc t 34,95di 90 [mm].
Ln g 2;
+Mi th c trc t 45,1 di 65 [mm],
+ Mi tinh c trc t 44,95 di 65 [mm].

13

+ Mi th ui trc t c)35,0ldi 70 [mm]. + Mi

tinh ui trc t ()34,95di 70 [mm]. NGUYN
CNG IX: MI c BIN .

5
Chn chun, g ging nguyn cng IV.
Chn my ging nguyn cng VIII
Chn my: tra bng 10 trang 113 phn ph lc ti liu [7] ta chn my mi trn nsoi k hiu 3
A151 c cc thng s c bn nh sau:
+ ng knh gia cng ln nht: 200 [mm].
+ Chiu di gia cng ln nht: 750 [min].
+Cn mc trc: N4.
+ S vng quay ca trc chnh: 1080; 1240; S vng quay ca phi gia cng: 75; 150; 300;
+TC ca bn my: 0, l--0,6 [mm/p].
+Dch chuyn ngang ln nht ca mi: 200 [mm].
+Cn2 sut ca ng c: 7,5 [kW].
+Kch thc my: 2100x3100 [mm].
Chn ht mi: tra bng 4-166 trang 418 ti liu [5] ta chn mi c ht l 50.
Cht kt dnh : Karemic.
Chn : tra bng IX- 93 trane 304 ti liu [9] ta chn mi phng k hiu nn.Kch thc ca
nh sau:
+ ng knh : 80 [mm].
+Chiu dy :32 [mm].
Chn ht mi: tra bng 4-166 trang 418 ti liu [5] ta chn mi c ht l 50.
Cht kt dnh : Karemic.
Th t cc bc trong nguyn cng:
+ Mi th c bin t ()35,01 di40 [mm].
+ Mi tinh c bin t ()34,95 di 40 [mm].
2.3 Tnh v tra lng d cho cc nguyn cng:

14

2.3.1 Tnh lng cl cho b mt tr ngoi 45 ^ 5 B mt tr ngoi c cc

yu cu k thut:
nhm b mt: Ra= 0,63.
Vt liu thp C45, nhit luyn t cng 48...52 HRC.
Qu trnh gia cng b mt tr phi qua cc nguyn cng:
1. Tin th t phi rn.
2. Tin tinh.
3. Nhit luyn.
4. Mi!
Theo s tay cng ngh, cng thc tnh lng d cho b mt i xng ngoi:
Trong :
Zbmin- lng d gia cng nh nht.
Rz- nhp nh b mt do bc st tnrc li.
h - chiu su lp h hng b mt do bc cng ngh st trc li.
A- sai lch v v tr khng gian do bc cong ngh st trc li.
eb- sai s g t chi tit bc cng ngh ang thc hin.
Vi b=c+8k;
ec- sai s chun.
k- sai s kp cht.
Sau y ta s ln lt tnh lng d cho tng nguyn cng.
Theo bng 3 84 [5] phi rn khun c cc gi tr sau y:
Rz + h - 1500 lm].
V gia cng c chng tm 2 u nn sai s g t trong trng hp ny eb = 0.

Sai lch khng gian tng cng c xc nh theo cng thc sau:

Ai = ^/aIk2 + A21,

Trong :
y _ cong tng cng , do c g trn mi tm

nn As =

K .L

Vi K cong gii hn ca phi trn lmm chiu di AK =3 m/mm

( bng 3 75 st).
L chiu di ton b chi tit, L = 400 mm.
AK = 3.400 = 1200 m
A/; _ lch tm do khoan mi tm, A/; = 0,25. A/T2 + 1 T_dung sai ng
nh phi, bng 3 91 [5]T = 1,5 mm>l Nn A/;= 0,25T = 0,25.1,5 0,375mm.
Ai = Vl,22 + 0,3752 = 1,581 mm.
Sai lch khng gian cn li c tnh theo cng thc: Ax = Kchx .A Trong : Kchx h
s chnh xc; i vi tin th: Kchx= 0,06; i vi tin tinh: Kchx = 0,04 ; i vi mi th:
Kchx= 0,02;
Nh vy sai lch khng gian cn li c tnh theo cng thc:
15

LS'*//t't- ////y

)///}////C/tP

Sau tin th:th= 0,06.1581 = 94,86[|um].

Sau tin tinh: Atinh= 0,04.1581 = 63,24 [|am].
Vy ta c:
Nguyn cng tin tl:
2Zmin = 2(1500 + 1581) = 3081.2[|am]=6162 [um].
Neuvn cm tin tinh:
Tra bng 3 84 [st] sau tin th c: Rz=50 [|im]; h=50 [|am]
=>2Zmin = 2(50 + 50 + 94,86) = 2.194,86 [|im]=3 89,72 [xnl
Vn theo bne 3 84 [st] sau tin tinh c: Rz= 20 [|am]; h = 30 [|am].
Nguyn cng nhit uyn:
Sau nguyn cng nhit luyn chnh xc gim i 1 cp, nhm b mt tng ln t 1-5-2 cp, cc
gi tr tng ng sau nhit luyn: Rz= 60 [|um];h = 60 [um].
Tra bng 3 75 [st] c:
= Ak.L = 1,5.65 = 97,5 [|Lim].
Nsuvn cns mi tli:
2Zmin = 2 (60 + 60 + 97,5) = 2.217,5[|um] = 435 Lum].
Ngun cng mi tinh:
Sau mi th c: Rz= 6,3 [|Lim];h = 20 [|am]; A = 0,06.435 = 26,1. =>2Zmin
= 2(6,3 + 20 + 26,1) = 2.52,4 [|Lim] = 104,8 [um].
T kt qu tnh ton ta lp ra bng ghi kt qu theo qui tc sau:
Ct kch thc tnh ton:
Ly kch thc chi tit ln lt cng vi lng d nh nht.
Mai th: d4= 44,995 + 0,105 = 45,1 [mm].
Tin tinh: d3= 45,1 + 0,435 = 45,535 [mm]. Tin
th: d2= 45,535 + 0,390 = 45,925 mm]. Phi: d,
= dph = 45,925 + 6,162 = 52,087 [mm].
Ct dung si;
Ct dung sai c ghi theo tr s dung sai ca tng nguyn cng.
Ct kch thc gii hn:
Lm trn kch thc tnh ton n gi tr c ngha ca dung
saita c kch
thc gii
hn nh nht. Sau ly kch thc gii hn nh nht
cng vi dung
sai ta c kch
thc gii hn ln nht.
Ct lng d gii hn c xc nh nh sau:
2Zmax l hiu cc kch thc sii hn ln nht.
2Zmin l hiu cc kch thc gii hn nh nht.
T ta lp c bng:
Th
t Cc yu t to thnh Gi tr tnh ton
nguyn lng d [|Lim]
cng
Rz

A,

2Z
min

16

Dung
sai
[|im]
T

Kch thc gii Tr s gii hn

hn[mm]
ca lng d
[um]
^l

Phi

1581

52,287

1500

52

53,5

Tin
th

50

50

94,86

6162

45,925

400

46,3

46,7

5700

6800

Tin
tinh
Nhit
luyn
Mi
th
Mi
tinh

20

30

63,24

389,72 45,535

120

45,7

45,82

600

880

60

60

97,5

6,3

20

26,1

435

45,1

30

45,3

45,33

400

490

104,8

44,995

16

45

45,016

300

314

0,63

2.3.2 Tra lng d cho cc nguyn cng cn li:

Cn c vo phng php ch to phi v cc kch thc ca phi tra bng VII-45 trang 556 ti liu
[13] ta c bng tra lng d cho cc nguyn cng nh sau:
Nguyn
cng
I
II

III

IV
V
VI
VII
VIII

Bc

Ni dung cc bc

Lng dmm]

1
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3

Phay mt u
Khoan l tm
Tin th c trc ()45 di 65
Tin th u trc ()35 di 90
Vt mp
Tin th c trc 45 di 65
Tin th ui trc () 35 di 70
Vt mp
Tin tinh c trc 45 di 65
Tin tinh u trc ()35 di 90
Tin tinh c trc 45 di 65

Tin tinh ui trc 35 di 70

0,3

1
1
1
1
1
2
3
4
5
6

Tin th c bin 35 di 40
Tin tinh c bin 35 di 40
Phay 1 'nh then
Nhit luyn
Mi th c trc 45 di 65
Mi th u trc (j>35 di 90
Mi th c trc ()45di 65
Mi th ui trc <>35 di 70
Mi tinh c trc c>45 di 65
Mi tinh u trc 35 di 90

1,8
0,3

17

3
3
3
3
0,3
0,3
0,3

0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,06
0,06

Ghi ch

IX

7
8

Mi tinh c trc 45 di 65
Mi tinh ui trc 35 di 70

0,06
0,06

1
2

Mi th c bin 35 di 40
Mi tinh c bin 35 di 40

0,25
0,06

Artti. Qfffi*' 17/fifWfi

2.4 Tnh v tra ch ct cho cc nguyn cng:

+0,0
2.4.1 Tnh ch ct cho nguyn cng tin tinh 45
11
a. Chiu su ct:
-0.005
Lng d cho tin tinh l 389,72 |am nn chn t= 194,86
urn .
b. Lng chy dao:
Theo bng 5-14 trang 13 [st]: t nhm b mt tin tinh: Ra=l,25 |im; bn knh nh dao r = 1 mm ta tra
c s = 0,165 mm/v , chn theo my ta c s = 0,17 mm/v.
c. Tc ct:
Tc ct V c tnh theo cng thc sau:

-X*

Tm.tx.sy Trong :

T - tui bn ca dao, chn T=60 [ph].

Cv - h s iu chnh tc ct; X , y, m l cc s m ph thuc vo dng c ct, vt liu gia cng v
phns php gia cng.
Tra bng 5-17 trang 14 [6] vi vt liu l thp C40, vt liu dao T15K6, tin dc ngoi
vi s< 0,3 [mm/v] ta c:
Cv= 420; x-0,15; y= 0,2; m= 0,2;
Kv - h s tch lu, Kv= KMv.Knv.Kuv;
KMv - h s ph thuc vo cht lng ca vt liu gia cng, tra bng 5-1 trang 6 [6] ta
750 ..

C = Kn.{)"' ,tra bng 5-2 trang 6 [st] ta c Kn= 1; nv=l,75 thp C40 c b =

750[MPa]. Thay s vo cng thc trn ta c KMv= 1,0 Knv -h s ph thuc vo tnh trng phi,
tra bng 5-5 trang 8 [st] ta c Knv= 0,8.
Kuv - h s ph thuc vo cht lng vt liu dng c ct, tra bng 5-6 trang 8 [6] ta c L
Cui cng ta c: Kv= 1,0. 0,8. 1= 0,8
Thay cc s liu tm c vo cng thc tnh V ta c: V, = 95,68 [m/p].
(Vi k hiu vt l vn tc ct tnh ton).
S vng quay tnh ton ca trc chnh:
n

1000.V

1000.95,68 _ _

, = L =
n.D 3,14.60

= 508 v/p .

Chn theo my nm= 630 [v/p].

_ 3,14.60.630

_^v=

'

--- = 1 1 8,69 [m/ph].

1000

d. Lc ct P:
Cc lc ct thnh phn c xc nh theo cng thc:

18

p x y z =O.C P i .t x '.S y i .v"'.K P i (*).

H s Cp , X, y, n ph thuc vo tng iu kin gia cng c th; tra bng 5-23 trang 18 [6] ta c:
Cp =300; Cpy=243; CPx=339;
X Z =1,0;

x v =0,9;

X x =l,0;

*=0,75; = 0,6; yx=0,5; nz=

-0,15; ny= -0,3; nx= -0,4;
Kpi - h s iu chnh : Kpi = Kp.Kyp.K^p.Krpi (**).
1,|,|,| ph thuc vo cc iu kin ct c th, tra bng 5-23 trang 16 [6] ta c :
K<pp7 0,89, KYPz 1 , 1 ,
1,
19
K<ppy 0,5 Kypy 1,4; KPy 1 Kj-Py 1
K<ppx 1,87; Kypx 1,4', K^px 1', Krpx1^
Thay vo cng thc (**) ta c:
KPx= 1,638;
Kpy= 0,7;
Kp =0,979;
Thay cc s liu va tm c vo cng thc (*) ta c: px=
18[N].
Py= 42
[N]. p = 64
[N].
e. Cng sut ct:
Cng sut ct c tnh theo cng thc:
N = Pz'v =0,124 [ k W ] .

1020.60

f. Thi gian gia cng:

Ta c cng thc tnh thi gian gia cng:
0-

^ L

+ L + z<2

s.n
L- chiu di b mt gia cng, L= 65 [mm],
L- chiu di n dao, do = 90^> L,= 0;
L2= 0,5H-2 mm, chn L2=l [mii].
Nh vy ta c T0= 0,62^ [ph].
T kt qu tnh ton ta lp c bng sau: __________ ____________ __________ ___________
t[mm]
S [mm/v]
n[v/p]
Nc[kW]
ToLph]
___Ch ct
Bc
Tin tinh 45,535
0,1949
0,17
630
0,124
0,62
2.4.2 Tra ch ct cho cc nguyn cng:
a.Tra ch ct cho nguyn cng I :
Tra bng 33 trang 66 ti liu [7], bng 5-88, bng 5-125, bng 5-126, bng 5-129 ti liu [6].
Tra bng 5-126 ta c v= 316 m/p; khi tnh n cc h s hiu chnh v= 316.0,79. 1. 1. 0,9. 1= 225
[m/], t gi tr V ny ta tnh c n (s vng quay ca trc chnh) v chn gi tr n theo my c
n= 800 [v/]. T n ny kt hp vi s rng dao phay ta s tra

19

''/)/) f

Ati.

M/r f'/ti /g/y tt,

c cng sut ct Nc, tuy nhin gi tr Nc ny ln hn cng sut ca

my nn ta phi
chn li n; chn n= 318 thy tho mn iu kin Nc < Nm.T.Vy ta lp c bng ch ct cho nguyn
cng I nh sau:
'^^Ch ct Bc

t[mm]

s [mm/v]

n[v/p]

Nc[kW]

T0[ph]

Phay mt u
4
0.1
318
4,6
0,3
Khoan l tm
0,22
318
2,2
0,052
b. Tra ch ct cho nguyn cng II:
Tra bng 5-60 trang 52, bng 5-64 trang 56 ti liu [6], bng 33 trang 66 ti liu [7].
T bng 5-64 tra c v= 182 v/p t tnh c n= 966 v/p => chn theo my ta c n= 800 v/p. T
t, s, V tra ra c Nc; tra bng 33 trang 66 ti liu [7] tra c T0.
T ta c bng ch ct cho nguyn cng II:
ct
t[mm]
n[v/p]
Nc[kW]
T0[ph]
s [mm/v]
Bc
Tin th c truc
3
0,5
800
5,8
0,814
Tin th u tmc
3
0,5
800
5,8
0,656
Vt mp
Tin th c truc
3
0,5
800
5,8
0,904
Tin th ui truc
3
0,5
800
5,8
0,656
Vt mp
= 966 (tnh
c. Tra ch ct cho nguyn cng III:
Tra bng 5-12 [st] c s= 0,17 [mm/v], bng 5-63 c v= 182 [m/p] suy ra n theo cng
thc a ra phn trn) chn n theo my ta c n= 630 [v/p]. Bng tra ch ct
cho nguyn cng III:
ct
Bc
Ln s mt
Tin tinh c truc
Tin tinh u tmc
Ln g hai
Tin tinh c truc
Tin tinh u tmc

t[mm]

s [mm/v]

n[v/p]

Nc[kW]

T0[ph]

0,195
0,195

0,17
0,17

630
630

2
2

0,3493
0,4725

0,195
0,195

0,17
0,17

630
630

2
2

0,4393
0,525

d.Tra ch ct cho nguyn cng IV

Tng t nh khi tra ch ct cho nguyn cng II ta lp c bng ch ct cho cc nguyn cng
V.

Gti ct Bc t[mm]
Tin th c bin
0,9
e.Tra ch ct cho nguyn cng V:

s [mm/r]

n[v/p]

Nc[kW]

T0[ph]

0,5

800

3,4

0,407

20

n en n/l e/t' /n ___________________________________________ /t/t JQ/k. 7ffn

Tng t nh khi tra ch ct cho nguyn cng III ta lp c bng ch ct cho nguyn cng
VI:
____________ ___________
____________ _________
t[mm]
n[v/p]
NJkW]
T0[ph]
s [mm/r]
""'""^'CU ct
Bc
Tin tinh c bin
0,15
0,17
630
2
0,2363
f.Tra ch ct cho nguyn cng VI:
Tra bng 5-186 trang 160 ti liu [6], bng 33 trang 66 ti liu [7] ta lp c bng ch ct cho
nguyn cng V: __________________ ___________ ____________ ____________ _________
n[v/p]
Nc[kW]
T0[ph]
s [mm/p]
^^Ch ct Bc t[mm]
Phay rnh then
0,2
16
1000
2
0,455
g. Tra ch ct cho nguyn cng Tra [X:
bng 5-203 trang 181, bng 5-2 ta c 05 trang 183 ti liu [6], bng 33 trang 66 ti liu [7] 3ng IX:
bng ch ct cho nguyn c<
t[mm]
nct[v/p]
Nc[kW]
T0[ph]
sct [mm/p]
'^^-Ch ct Bc
Ln g 1
Mi th c true
0,25
1,15
60
5,0
0,3311
Mi th u true
0,25
1,15
60
6,3
0, 502
Ln g 2
Mi th c true
0,25
1,15
60
5,0
0,3311
Mi th ui true
0,25
1,15
60
6,3
0,4518
Tra bng 5-204 trang 182, bng 5-205 trang 205 ti liu [6], bng 33 [7] ta c bng ch ct cho
mi tinh:
Tmin 1
nct[v/p]
Nc[kW]
T0[ph]
sct [mm/p]
'"'""^-Ch ct
Bc
Ln g 1
Mi tinh c true
0,06
1
155
4,0
0,231
Mi tinh u true
0,06
1
155
6,3
0,315
Ln g 2
Mi tinh c true
0,06
1
155
4,0
0,231
Mi tinh ui true
0,06
1
155
6,3
0,35
i. Tra ch ct cho nguyn cng X:
Tra bng 5-203 trang 181, bng 5-205 trang 183 ti liu [6], bng 33 trang 66 ti liu [7] ta c bng
ch ct cho cc nguyn cng ny nh sau:
^^Ch ct Bc

t[mm]

sct [mm/pl

nct[v/p]

Nc[kW]

T0[phJ

Mi th c bin

0,25

1,15

60

5,0

0,455

Mi tinh c bin

0,06

155

4,0

0,158

CHNG III THIT K G.

Trong ni dung chng ny ta s thit k s cho nguyn cng rnh then. Ni dung ca chng bao

21

gm: thit k g, nguyn l lm vic ca g.

g phay c dng trn my phay xc nh v tr tng i gia phi v dao phay, nh thi
kp cht chi tit phay rnh then.
3.1 Thit k g:
3.1.1 Xc nh my:
Trong chng III ta xc nh my cho nguyn cng phay rnh then l my phay vn nng 682
c cc s liu chnh nh sau:
-Kch thc ca bn my: 320x1250[mm].
-Chiu rng rnh chT: 18 [mm].
-Khong cach ln nht t bn my n trc chnh: 450[mm].
3.1.2 Phng php nh v v kp cht:
nh v chi tit ln s nh 2 khi V nsn hn ch 4 bc t do.Mt khi V ngn t vo g trc bc
nh v bc t do tnh tin. S dng thm 1 cht t nh v chng xoay ti mt im ca c bin.
Kp cht: nh m kp v bu lng.
3.1.3.S kt cu ca g:
S kt cu ca g c th hin bn v g (Tp bn v).
. lc kp cn thit:

Trong s trn ta chn L=2.1.

Theo bng XII-23 trang 516 ti liu [9] ta c cng thc tnh:
N L
N . = = > w =
1

By gi ta phi tnh phn lc N, ti gi ta (khi V).

S phn lc ti gi ta:

22

^) (/ e/ /t/l e/i t /H

'/^/t/ Qfie ?n

N1

S phn lc gi ta.
chi tit nh v chc chn trong qu trnh gia cng th phay lc ma st ti cc b mt tip xc
phi ln hn lc ct dc trc to ra khi phay.
S tnh lc ct khi phay nh sau:

23

'/9/t/ C 7&n

^) (/ e/ /t/l e/i t /H

Lc ct tip tuyn c
thc:
\0.cp.f\syz.Bn
R
-= ----- Jq ----------Zw

xc nh theo cng
K

M,

D .n

trong :
R:- lc ct tip tuyn.
Cp- h s nh hng ca vt liu, tra bng 541 trang 34 ti liu [6] ta c: Cp= 68,2.
x-0,86;y=0,72;u=l;q=0,786;w=0;
t- chiu su ct, t= 0.2 [min] .
s,- lng chy dao rng, S7= 0,118 [mm/r].
B- b rng phay, B= 4[mm]
D- ng knh dao phay, D= 4 [mm]. ns vng quay ca dao, n= 1000[v/p].
KMv- h s ph thuc vo vt liu, tra bng 5-9 trang 9 ti liu [6] ta c
K = (-^-Y
750

trong n=0,3; b=750 MPa.

=>,V=(^)"J=1.0;
=>RZ= 1

0
4

.
.(1000)

.4.1 0 - 255,9 [N.

Cc thnh phn lc khc c ly nh sau:

Lc hng knh PV=0,4.RZ = 0,4.255,9 =102,36 [N]. Lc
chy dao PS=0,4.RZ = 0,4.255,9 = 102,36 [N].
Lc vung gc vi lc chy dao Pv= 0,9.RZ =0,9.255,9 =230,31 [N].
n gin khi tnh lc kp ta cho rng ch c lc Ps tc dng ln chi tit. Trong trng hp ny c
cu kp cht phi to ra lc ma st ln hn lc Ps Do ta phi c:
N = K

N,+ N2+ ( Nj+ N2).COS45. A > Ps; N, = N2;

p,
' /.(V2 + 2)
Trong f l h s ma st, theo bng 34 trang 86 ti liu [7] ta c f = 0,1 .
24

 l h s an ton ; = Ky... K6.

K0 - h s an ton tnh cho tt c cc trng hp, K0 = 1,5.
K, - h s tnh n trng hp tng lc ct khi bng thay i, Kj= 1,2. K2 - h s
tng lc ct khi dao mn, chn K2= 1,8.
K3 - h s tng lc ct khi gia cng gin on, K3= 1,2.
K4 - h s tnh n sai s ca c cu kp cht, K4= 1,3.
K5- h s tnh n mc thun li ca c cu kp bng tay, chn K5= 1. K6 - h s
tnh n m men lm quay chi tit, K6= 1,5.
T ta c
K= 1,5.1,2.1,8.1,2.1,3.1.1,5=7,58 .
Vy ta c N,= ---------Zt- = 2272,5[N]
.(2 + 72)
Do W=2.Nj =2.2272,5 . cos45 = 3213,8 [N].
3.1.5. Tnh kch thc bu lng kp:

Trong : -h s, =1,4 i vi ren h mt c bn.

- ng sut ko, =0,8 KG/mm2 i vi bu lng bng thp 45. W- lc
kp cn thit.

Theo cng thc trang 510 ti liu [9]

tng cng vng v ph hp vi kt cu ca g ta chn d = lOmm.
3.1.6. Tnh sai s cho php ca g:
Da theo phng php tnh sai s cho php ca g trong ti liu [7] trang 88 ta
= e g d f-[ c 2 + k 2 + m 2 + d c 2 ]
Trong :
[ej - sai s cho php ca g.
[cg] - sai s g t, eg = - ; - dung sai ca nguyn cng

phay rnh then. Tra bng 8

trang 55 ti liu [14] c =0,075 [mm],

[ej - sai s chun do chun nh v khng trng vi gc kch
thc gy ra, trong kt cu
g ny chun nh v trng vi gc kch thc nn c = 0.
k - sai s kp cht do lc kp gy ra, 8k = 0 do lc kp vung gc vi ng trc chi
tit.
m - sai s do g b mn gy ra
8 I=.Vw.
Vi : - h s ph thuc kt cu nh v. Khi chun tinh l khi V th = 0,5 -T- 0,8; ta chn =
0,5;
N - s chi tit c sia cng trn g, ta cng chn N = 1000 chi tit.

25

Vy c 8m = 0,5./00 = 15,8 [mm].

c - sai s iu chnh, Ly sc= 10 [].

26

Cui cng ta c: [e,] = ][25]2 - [2 + 02 + 15,82 + 102] = 17 [|Lim] =0,017 [mm].

3.2 Nguvn l lm vic ca g:
g thc hin nguyn cng phay rnh then thit k lm vic theo nguyn l nh

M cc thanh kp v t chi tit ln 2 khi V.

Kp cht bng cc ai c vi lc kp nh tnh ton mc 4.1.4 .
a kt cu ln bn my nh then dn hng. Khi chi tit v tr cn gia cng c nh
bng cc bu lng kp.

Khi gia cng xong nguyn cng ca 1 chi tit tho ai c, m thanh kp v tip tc a chi
tit k tip vo gia cng.

27

n eti tiA e/t 't m

TI LIU THAM KHO.

[1]
.Cng ngh ch to my, tp 1. Trns HBK.
Nh xut bn khoa hc v k thut 1997.
[2]
.Cng ngh ch to my, tp 2. Trng HBK.
Nh xut bn khoa hc v k thut 1997.
[3]
.s
tay v Atlas g.
Nh xut bn khoa hc v k thut.
[4]
.Kt cu v tnh ton ng c t trong, tp 2.
Nh xut bn i hc v trung hc chuyn nghip.
[5]
.S
tay CNCTM tp 1.
Nh xut bn khoa hc v k thut 2000.
[6] . S tay CNCTM tp 2.
Nh xut bn khoa hc v k thut 2000.
[7] .Thit k n CNCTM.
Trn vn ch, NXBKH&KT 1999.
[8]
.Hng
dn bi tp cng ngh phi.
HVKTQS 1998.
[9]
.S tay CNCTM tp II, III, IV.
NXBKH&KT 1976.
[10]
.S
tay thit k CNCTM tp 1.
NXBKH&KT 1970.
[11 ].V k thut c kh tp 1.
Trn hu Qu-ng vn C-Nguyn vn Tun, NXBGD-2000.
[12]
.V
k thut c kh tp 2.
Trn hu Qu-ng vn C-Nguyn vn Tun, NXBGD-2000.
[13]
.S
tay CNCTM tp I.
NXBKH&KT 1976.
[14]
.S
tay dung sai.
HVKTQS-1986.

28