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Tran S Tung Tch phan

Trang 1
Nhac lai Gii han ao ham Vi phan
1. Cac gii han ac biet:
a)

=
x 0
sinx
lim 1
x

He qua:

=
x 0
x
lim 1
sinx

=
u(x) 0
sinu(x)
lim 1
u(x)

=
u(x) 0
u(x)
lim 1
sinu(x)

b)
x
x
1
lim 1 e, x R
x


+ =



He qua:
1
x
x 0
lim(1 x) e.

+ =
x 0
ln(1 x)
lim 1
x

+
=
x
x 0
e 1
lim 1
x

-
=
2. Bang ao ham cac ham so s cap c ban va cac he qua:
(c) = 0 (c la hang so)
1
(x )' x
a a-
= a
1
(u )' u u'
a a-
= a
2
1 1
'
x x

= -



2
1 u'
'
u u

= -



( )
1
x '
2 x
=
( )
u'
u '
2 u
=
x x
(e )' e =
u u
(e )' u' .e =
x x
(a )' a . lna =
u u
(a )' a . lna . u' =
1
(ln x )'
x
=
u'
(ln u )'
u
=
a
1
(log x ')
x. lna
=
a
u'
(log u )'
u. lna
=
(sinx) = cosx (sinu) = u.cosu
2
2
1
(tgx)' 1 tg x
cos x
= = +
2
2
u'
(tgu)' (1 tg u).u'
cos u
= = +
2
2
1
(cot gx)' (1 cot g x)
sin x
-
= = - +
2
2
u'
(cot gu)' (1 cot g u).u'
sin u
-
= = - +
3. Vi phan:
Cho ham so y = f(x) xac nh tren khoang (a ; b) va co ao ham tai x (a; b) . Cho so
gia Dx tai x sao cho x x (a; b) + D . Ta goi tch y.Dx (hoac f(x).Dx) la vi phan cua
ham so y = f(x) tai x, ky hieu la dy (hoac df(x)).
dy = y.Dx (hoac df(x) = f(x).Dx
Ap dung nh ngha tren vao ham so y = x, th
dx = (x)Dx = 1.Dx = Dx
V vay ta co: dy = ydx (hoac df(x) = f(x)dx)
Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 2
NGUYEN HAM VA TCH PHAN



1. nh ngha:
Ham so F(x) c goi la nguyen ham cua ham so f(x) tren khoang (a ; b) neu moi x
thuoc (a ; b), ta co: F(x) = f(x).
Neu thay cho khoang (a ; b) la oan [a ; b] th phai co them:
F'(a ) f(x) va F'(b ) f(b)
+ -
= =

2. nh ly:
Neu F(x) la mot nguyen ham cua ham so f(x) tren khoang (a ; b) th :
a/ Vi moi hang so C, F(x) + C cung la mot nguyen ham cua ham so f(x) tren
khoang o.
b/ Ngc lai, moi nguyen ham cua ham so f(x) tren khoang (a ; b) eu co the
viet di dang: F(x) + C vi C la mot hang so.
Ngi ta ky hieu ho tat ca cac nguyen ham cua ham so f(x) la f(x)dx.

Do
o viet:
f(x)dx F(x) C = +


Bo e: Neu F(x) = 0 tren khoang (a ; b) th F(x) khong oi tren khoang o.

3. Cac tnh chat cua nguyen ham:

( )
f(x)dx ' f(x) =


af(x)dx a f(x)dx (a 0) =


[ ] f(x) g(x) dx f(x)dx g(x)dx + = +


[ ] [ ] f(t)dt F(t) C f u(x) u'(x)dx F u(x) C F(u) C (u u(x)) = + = + = + =



4. S ton tai nguyen ham:
nh ly: Moi ham so f(x) lien tuc tren oan [a ; b] eu co nguyen ham tren oan o.
8o| 1. NGUYEN HAM
Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 3
BANG CAC NGUYEN HAM

Nguyen ham cua ca c ham so s cap
thng gap
Nguyen ham cua cac ham so hp
(di ay u = u(x))
dx x C = +

du u C = +


1
x
x dx C ( 1)
1
a+
a
= + a -
a +


1
u
u du C ( 1)
1
a+
a
= + a -
a +


dx
ln x C (x 0)
x
= +


du
ln u C (u u(x) 0)
u
= + =


x x
e dx e C = +


u u
e du e C = +


x
x
a
a dx C (0 a 1)
lna
= + <


u
u
a
a du C (0 a 1)
lna
= + <


cosxdx sinx C = +

cos udu sin u C = +


sinxdx cosx C = - +

sin udu cos u C = - +


2
2
dx
(1 tg x)dx tgx C
cos x
= + = +


2
2
du
(1 tg u)du tgu C
cos u
= + = +


2
2
dx
(1 cot g x)dx cot gx C
sin x
= + = - +


2
2
du
(1 cot g u)du cot gu C
sin u
= + = - +


dx
x C (x 0)
2 x
= + >


du
u C (u 0)
2 u
= + >


1
cos(ax b)dx sin(ax b) C (a 0)
a
+ = + +


1
sin(ax b)dx cos(ax b) C (a 0)
a
+ = - + +


dx 1
ln ax b C
ax b a
= + +
+


ax b ax b
1
e dx e C (a 0)
a
+ +
= +


dx 2
ax b C (a 0)
a ax b
= + +
+



Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 4

Von de 1: Ik0 0|0h 000IE0 hkN 8k00 0|0h 00hk

Bai toan 1: CMR F(x) la mot nguyen ham cua ham so f(x) tren (a ; b)
PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Ta thc hien theo cac bc sau:
+ Bc 1: Xac nh F(x) tren (a ; b)
+ Bc 2: Chng to rang F'(x) f(x) vi x (a; b) = "
Chu y: Neu thay (a ; b) bang [a ; b] th phai thc hien chi tiet hn, nh sau:
+ Bc 1: Xac nh F(x) tren (a ; b)
Xac nh F(a
+
)
Xac nh F(b

)
+ Bc 2: Chng to rang
F'(x) f(x), x (a ; b)
F'(a ) f(a)
F'(b ) f(b)
+
-
= "


V du 1: CMR ham so:
2
F(x) ln(x x a) = + + vi a > 0
la mot nguyen ham cua ham so
2
1
f(x)
x a
=
+
tren R.
Giai:
Ta co:
2
2
2
2 2
2x
1
(x x a)'
2 x a
F'(x) [ln(x x a)]'
x x a x x a
+
+ +
+
= + + = =
+ + + +

2
2 2 2
x a x 1
f(x)
x a(x x a) x a
+ +
= = =
+ + + +

Vay F(x) vi a > 0 la mot nguyen ham cua ham so f(x) tren R.
V du 2: CMR ham so:
x
2
e khi x 0
F(x)
x x 1 khi x 0

=

+ + <


La mot nguyen ham cua ham so
x
e khi x 0
f(x)
2x 1 khi x 0

=

+ <

tren R.
Giai:
e tnh ao ham cua ham so F(x) ta i xet hai trng hp:
a/ Vi x 0 , ta co:

x
e khi x 0
F'(x)
2x 1 khi x 0
>
=

+ <


b/ Vi x = 0, ta co:
Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 5
ao ham ben trai cua ham so tai iem x
0
= 0.

2 0
x 0 x 0
F(x) F(0) x x 1 e
F'(0 ) lim lim 1.
x 0 x
- -
-

- + + -
= = =
-

ao ham ben phai cua ham so tai iem x
0
= 0.

x 0
x 0 x 0
F(x) F(0) e e
F'(0 ) lim lim 1.
x 0 x
+ +
+

- -
= = =
-

Nhan xet rang F'(0 ) F'(0 ) 1 F'(0) 1.
- +
= = =
Tom lai:
x
e khi x 0
F'(x) f(x)
2x 1 khi x 0

= =

+ <


Vay F(x) la mot nguyen ham cua ham so f(x) tren R.

Bai toan 2: Xac nh cac gia tr cua tham so e F(x) la mot nguyen ham cua ham so f(x)
tren (a ; b).
PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Ta thc hien theo cac bc sau:
+ Bc 1: Xac nh F(x) tren (a ; b)
+ Bc 2: e F(x) la mot nguyen ham cua ham so f(x) tren (a ; b), ieu kien la:
F'(x) f(x) vi x (a; b) = "
Dung ong nhat cua ham a thc gia tr tham so.
Chu y: Neu thay (a ; b) bang [a ; b] th phai thc hien chi tiet hn, nh sau:
+ Bc 1: Xac nh F(x) tren (a ; b)
Xac nh F(a
+
)
Xac nh F(b

)
+ Bc 2: e F(x) la mot nguyen ham cua ham so f(x) tren (a ; b), ieu kien la:

F'(x) f(x), x (a ; b)
F'(a ) f(a)
F'(b ) f(b)
+
-
= "

gia tr cua tham so.



Bai toan 3: Tm hang so tch phan
PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Dung cong thc a hoc, tm nguyen ham: F(x) = G(x) + C
Da vao e bai a cho e tm hang so C.
Thay gia tr C vao (*), ta co nguyen ham can tm.

Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 6
V du 3: Xac nh a , b e ham so:
2
x khi x 1
F(x)
ax b khi x 1

=

+ >


la mot nguyen ham cua ham so:
2x khi x 1
f(x)
2 khi x 1

=

>

tren R.
Giai:
e tnh ao ham cua ham so F(x) ta i xet hai trng hp:
a/ Vi x 1 , ta co:
2x khi x 1
F'(x)
2 khi x 1
<
=

>


b/ Vi x = 1, ta co:
e ham so F(x) co ao ham tai iem x = 1, trc het F(x) phai lien tuc tai x = 1, do
o :
x 1 x 1
limF(x) limF(x) f(1) a b 1 b 1 a (1)
- +

= = + = = -
ao ham ben trai cua ham so y = F(x) tai iem x = 1.

2
x 1 x 1
f(x) F(1) x 1
F'(1) = lim lim 2.
x 1 x 1
-

- -
= =
- -

ao ham ben phai cua ham so y = f(x) tai iem x
0
= 0.

x 1 x 1 x 1
F(x) F(1) ax b 1 ax 1 a 1
F'(1 ) lim lim lim a.
x 1 x 1 x 1
+ + +
+

- + - + - -
= = = =
- - -

Ham so y = F(x) co ao ham tai iem x = 1 F'(1 ) F'(1 ) a 2.
- +
= = (2)
Thay (2) vao (1), ta c b = 1.
Vay ham so y = F(x) co ao ham tai iem x = 1, neu va ch neu a = 2, b = 1.
Khi o: F(1) = 2 = f(1)
Tom lai vi a = 2, b = 1 th F(x) la mot nguyen ham cua ham so f(x).
V du 4: Xac nh a , b , c e ham so:
-
= + +
2 2x
F(x) (ax bx c)e la mot nguyen ham cua
2 2x
F(x) (2x 8x 7)e
-
= - - + tren R.
Giai:
Ta co:
2x 2 2x
F'(x) (2ax b)e 2(ax bx c)e
- -
= + - + +
2 2x
2ax 2(a b)x b 2c e
-
= - + - + -


Do o F(x) la mot nguyen ham cua f(x) tren R
F'(x) f(x), x R = "
- + - + - = - + - "
2 2
2ax 2(a b)x b 2c 2x 8x 7, x R

a 1 a 1
a b 4 b 3
b 2c 7 c 2
= =

- = = -


- = - =


Vay
-
= - +
2 2x
F(x) (x 3x 2)e .
Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 7
BAI TAP
Bai 1. Tnh ao ham cua ham so
x
F(x) ln tg
2 4
p
= +



T o suy ra nguyen ham cua ham so
1
f(x)
cos x
= .
Bai 2. Chng to rang ham so
2
ln(x 1)
, x 0
F(x)
x
0 , x 0
+

=


la mot nguyen ham cua ham so
2
2 2
2 ln(x 1)
, x 0
f(x)
x 1 x
1 , x 0
+
-
=
+


Bai 3. Xac nh a, b, c sao cho ham so
2 x
F(x) (ax bx c).e
-
= + + la mot nguyen ham cua
ham so
2 x
f(x) (2x 5x 2)e
-
= - + tren R.
S: a = 2 ; b = 1 ; c = 1.
Bai 4. a/ Tnh nguyen ham
3 2
2
x 3x 3x 7
F(x) cua f(x) va F(0) 8.
(x 1)
+ + -
= =
+

b/ Tm nguyen ham F(x) cua
2
x
f(x) sin va F .
2 2 4
p p
= =



S: a/
2
x 8
F(x) x ;
2 x 1
= + +
+
b/
1
F(x) (x sinx 1)
2
= - +
Bai 5. a/ Xac nh cac hang so a, b, c sao cho ham so:

2
F(x) (ax bx c) 2x 3 = + + - la mot nguyen ham cua ham so:

2
20x 30x 7 3
f(x) tre n khoang ;
2 2x 3
- +
= +

-

b/ Tm nguyen ham G(x) cua f(x) vi G(2) = 0.
S: a/ a 4; b 2; c 1; = = - = b/
2
G(x) (4x 2x 10) 2x 3 22. = - + - -








Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 8
Von de 2: Ik0 0|0h 000IE0 hkN 8k00 IE0 80 0000 8k00
0k0 000IE0 hkN 00 8k0

V du 1: CMR , neu f(x)dx F(x) C = +

th
1
f(ax b)dx F(ax b) C v i a 0.
a
+ = + +


Giai:
Ta luon co:
1
f(ax b)dx f(ax b)d(ax b) vi a 0.
a
+ = + +
Ap dung tnh chat 4, ta c:
1 1
f(ax b)dx (ax b)d(ax b) F(ax b) C (pcm)
a a
+ = + + + +

.
Ghi chu: Cong thc tren c ap dung cho cac ham so hp:
f(t)dt F(t) C f(u)du F(u) C, vi u u(x) = + = + =


V du 2: Tnh cac tch phan bat nh sau:
a/
3
(2x 3) dx +

b/
4
cos x.sinxdx

c/
x
x
2e
dx
e 1 +

d/
2
(2lnx 1)
dx
x
+


Giai:
a/ Ta co:
4 4
3 3
1 1 (2x 3) (2x 3)
(2x 3) dx (2x 3) d(2x 3) . C C.
2 2 4 8
+ +
+ = + + = + = +


b/ Ta co:
5
4 4
cos x
cos x.sinxdx cos xd(cos x) C
5
= - = - +


c/ Ta co:
x x
x
x x
2e d(e 1)
dx 2 2ln(e 1) C
e 1 e 1
+
= = + +
+ +


d/ Ta co:
2
2 3
(2lnx 1) 1 1
dx (2lnx 1) d(2lnx 1) (2lnx 1) C.
x 2 2
+
= + + = + +


V du 3: Tnh cac tch phan bat nh sau:
a/
2
x
2sin dx
2

b/
2
cot g xdx

c/ tgxdx

d/
3
tgx
dx
cos x


Giai:
a/ Ta co:
2
x
2sin dx (1 cosx)dx x sinx C
2
= - = - +


b/ Ta co:
2
2
1
cot g xdx 1 dx cot gx x C
sin x

= - = - - +




c/ Ta co:
sinx d(cosx)
tgxdx dx ln cosx C
cosx cosx
= = - = - +


Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 9
d/ Ta co:
3
3 4 4 3
tgx sinx d(cosx) 1 1
dx dx cos x C C.
cos x cos x cos x 3 3cos x
-
= =- = - + = - +


V du 4: Tnh cac tch phan bat nh sau:
a/
2
x
dx
1 x +

b/
2
1
dx
x 3x 2 - +


Giai:
a/ Ta co:
2
2
2 2
x 1 d(1 x ) 1
dx ln(1 x ) C
1 x 2 1 x 2
+
= = + +
+ +


b/ Ta co:
2
1 1 1 1
dx dx dx
x 3x 2 (x 1)(x 2) x 2 x 1

= = -

- + - - - -



x 2
ln x 2 ln x 1 C ln C.
x 1
-
= - - - + = +
-


BAI TAP
Bai 6. Tm nguyen ham cua cac ham so:
a/
2
x
f(x) cos ;
2
= b/
3
f(x) sin x.
S: a/
1
(x sinx) C ;
2
+ + b/
3
1
cos x cos x C.
3
- + +
Bai 7. Tnh cac tch phan bat nh :
a/
x x
e (2 e )dx;
-
-

b/
x
x
e
dx ;
2

c/
2x x x
x
2 .3 .5
dx
10

.
d/
2 5x
x
e 1
dx;
e
-
+

e/
x
x
e
dx
e 2 +


S: a/
x
2e x C; - + b/
x
x
e
C;
(1 ln2)2
+
-
c/
x
6
C
ln6
+
d/
2 6x x
1
e e C;
6
- -
- - + e/
x
ln(e 2) C + + .
Bai 8. Tnh cac tch phan bat nh :
a/
4 4
x x 2 dx
-
+ +

; b/
3 5
x xdx

; c/
2
x x 1dx +

;
d/
2001
(1 2x) dx; -

e/
3 4lnx
dx
x
-


S: a/
3
x 1
C;
3 x
- + b/
5 7
5
x C;
7
+ c/
2 2
1
(x 1) x 1 C
3
+ + + ;
d/
2002
1 (1 2x)
. C;
2 2002
-
- + e/
1
(3 4lnx) 3 4lnx C.
6
+ + +
Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 10

Von de 3: Ik0 0|0h 000IE0 hkN 8k00 Ph0000 PhkP Phk0 0h

Phng phap phan tch thc chat la viec s dung cac ong nhat thc e bien oi bieu
thc di dau tch phan thanh tong cac bieu thc ma nguyen ham cua moi bieu thc o
co the nhan c t bang nguyen ham hoac ch bang cac phep bien oi n gian a biet.
Chu y quan trong: iem mau chot la phep phan tch la co the rut ra y tng cho rieng
mnh t mot vai minh hoa sau:
Vi
3 2 6 3
f(x) (x 2) th vie t lai f(x) x 4x 4. = - = - +
Vi
2
x 4x 5 2
f(x) th viet lai f(x) x 3
x 1 x 1
- +
= = - +
- -
.
Vi
2
1 1 1
f(x) th vie t la i f(x)
x 5x 6 x 3 x 2
= = -
- + - -

Vi
1 1
f(x) th vie t la i f(x) ( 3 2x 2x 1)
2 2x 1 3 2x
= = - - +
+ + -

Vi
x x 2 x x x
f(x) (2 3 ) th vie t la i f(x) 4 2.6 9 . = - = - +
Vi
3
f(x) 8cos x.sinx th vie t la i f(x) 2(cos3x 3cosx).sinx = = +
2cos3x.sinx 6cosx.sinx sin4x sin2x 3sin2x sin4x 2sin2x. = + = - + = +

2 2
tg x (1 tg x) 1 = + -

2 2
cot g x (1 cot g x) 1 = + -

n 2
n
2 2
x (1 x ) 1 1
x
1 x 1 x
+ +
= +
+ +
.
o ch la mot vai minh hoa mang tnh ien hnh.

V du 1: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
2002
I x(1 x) dx. = -


Giai:
S dung ong nhat thc : x = 1 (1 x)
ta c:
2002 2002 2002 2003
x(1 x) [1 (1 x)](1 x) (1 x) (1 x) . - = - - - = - - -
Khi o:

2002 2003 2002 2003
2003 2004
I (1 x) dx (1 x) dx (1 x) d(1 x) (1 x) d(1 x)
(1 x) (1 x)
C.
2003 2004
= - - - = - - - + - -
- -
= - + +



Tong qua t: Tnh tch phan bat nh: I x(ax b) dx, vi a 0
a
= +


S dung ong nhat thc:
1 1
x .ax [(ax b) b]
a a
= = + -
Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 11
Ta c:

1
1 1
x(ax b) [(ax b) b)(ax b) [ (ax b) d(ax b) (ax b) d(ax d)]
a a
a a a+ a
+ = + - + = + + - + +


Ta xet ba trng hp :
Vi a = 2, ta c:
1 2
2
1
I [ (ax b) d(ax b) (ax b) d(ax b)]
a
- -
= + + - + +



2
1 1
[ln ax b ] C.
a ax b
= + + +
+

Vi a = 1, ta c:

1
2 2
1 1
I [ d(ax b) (ax b) d(ax b)] [ax b ln ax b ] C.
a a
-
= + - + + = + - + +


Vi R \ { 2; 1}, a - - ta c:
2 1
2
1 (ax b) (ax b)
I [ ] C.
a 2 1
a+ a+
+ +
= + +
a + a+


V du 2: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
2
dx
I
x 4x 3
=
- +


Giai:
Ta co:
2
1 1 1 (x 1) (x 3) 1 1 1
. .
x 4x 3 (x 3)(x 1) 2 (x 3)(x 1) 2 x 3 x 1
- - -
= = = -

- + - - - - - -

Khi o:
- -
= - = - = - - - +

- - - -

1 dx dx 1 d(x 3) d(x 1) 1
I . [ ' .(ln x 3 ln x 1) C
2 x 3 x 1 2 x 3 x 1 2


-
= +
-
1 x 3
ln C.
2 x 1


V du 3: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
dx
I
x 2 x 3
=
+ + -


Giai:
Kh tnh vo t mau so bang cach truc can thc, ta c:

1 1
2 2
3 3
1 1
I ( x 2 x 3)dx [ (x 2) d(x 2) (x 3) d(x 3)]
5 5
2
[ (x 2) (x 3) ] C.
15
= + + - = + + + - -
= + + - +


V du 4: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
2
dx
I .
sinx. cos x
=


Giai:
S dung ong nhat thc:
2 2
sin x cos x 1, + =
Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 12
Ta c:
2 2
2 2 2 2
2
1
1 sin x cos x sinx 1 sinx 1
2
. .
x x
sinx. cos x sinx.sin x cos x sinx cos x
cos tg
2 2
+
= = + = +
Suy ra:
2 2
2
x 1
d tg
sinx d(cosx) 1 x
2 2
I dx dx ln tg C.
x x x
cos x cos x cosx 2
cos tg tg
2 2 2



= + = - + = + +


V du 5: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
4
dx
I .
cos x
=


Giai:
S dung ket qua:
2
dx
d(tgx)
cos x
=
ta c:
2 2 3
2 2
1 dx 1
I . (1 tg x)d(tgx) d(tgx) tg xd(tgx) tgx tg x C.
cos x cos x 3
= = + = + = + +



BAI TAP
Bai 9. Tm ho nguyen ham cua cac ham so:
a/
2 3
f(x) (1 2x ) ; = - b/
3 x 2
3
2 x x e 3x
f(x)
x
- -
= ;
c/
2
(2 x)
f(x) ;
x
+
= d/
1
f(x)
3x 4 3x 2
=
+ - +

S: a/
3 5 7
12 8
x 2x x x C
5 7
- + - + ; b/
x
4
e ln x C;
3x x
- - + +
c/
3 3 2 2 6
24 3
6 x x x x x C;
7 5
+ + + d/
3 3
1
(3x 4) (3x 2) C.
9

- + + +


Bai 10. Tm ho nguyen ham cua cac ham so:
a/
2
1
f(x) ;
x 6x 5
=
- +
b/
2
4x 6x 1
f(x) ;
2x 1
+ +
=
+

c/
3 2
4x 4x 1
f(x) ;
2x 1
+ -
=
+
d/
3
2
4x 9x 1
f(x) ;
9 4x
- + +
=
-

S: a/
1 x 5
ln C;
4 x 1
-
+
-
b/
2
1
x 2x ln 2x 1 C;
2
+ - + +
c/
3 2
2 1 1 1
x x x ln 2x 1 C
3 2 2 4
+ - - + + ; d/
2
x 1 2x 3
ln C.
2 12 2x 3
-
- +
+

Bai 11. Tm ho nguyen ham cua cac ham so:
Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 13
a/
2
(sinx cos x) ; + b/ cos 2x . cos 2x ;
3 4
p p
- +


c/
3
cos x;
d/
4
cos x; e/
4 4
sin x cos x; + f/
6 6
sin 2x cos 2x. +
S: a/
1
x cos2x C
2
- + ; b/
1 7 1
sin 5x sin x C
10 12 2 12
p p
+ + - +



c/
3 1
sinx si n3x C;
4 12
+ + d/
3 1 1
x si n2x si n4x C;
8 4 31
+ + +
e/
3 sin4x
x C;
4 16
+ + f/
5 3
x sin8x C.
8 64
+ +
Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 14

Von de 4: Ik0 0|0h 000IE0 hkN 8k00 Ph0000 PhkP 00I 8IE0 80
Phng phap oi bien so c s dung kha pho bien trong viec tnh cac tch phan bat
nh. Phng phap oi bien so e xac nh nguyen ham co hai dang da tren nh ly sau:
nh ly:
a/ Neu f(x)dx F(x) C va u (x) = + = j

la ham so co ao ham th f(u)du F(u) C = +

.
b/ Neu ham so f(x) lien tuc th khi at x = j(t) trong o j(t) cung vi ao ham cua no
(j(t) la nhng ham so lien tuc, ta se c: f(x)dx f[ (t)]. '(t)dt. = j j


T o ta trnh bay hai bai toan ve phng phap oi bien nh sau:
Bai toan 1: S dung phng phap oi bien so dang 1 tch tch phan bat nh I f(x)dx. =


PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Ta thc hien theo cac bc:
+ Bc 1: Chon x = j(t), trong o j(t) la ham so ma ta chon cho thch hp.
+ Bc 2: Lay vi phan dx = j(t)dt
+ Bc 3: Bieu th f(x)dx theo t va dt. Gia s rang f(x)dx = g(t)dt
+ Bc 4: Khi o I g(t)dt. =


Lu y: Cac dau hieu dan ti viec la chon an phu kieu tren thong thng la:
Dau hieu Cach chon
2 2
a x -
x a sint vi t
2 2
x x cost v i 0 t
p p

= -

= p


2 2
x a -
a
x v i t ; \ {0}
sint 2 2
a
x v i t [0; ] \ { }
cost 2
p p
= -

p
= p


2 2
a x +
x a tgt vi t
2 2
x a cot gt vi 0 t
p p

= - < <

= < < p


a x a x
hoa c
a x a x
+ -
- +
x = acos2t
(x a)(b x) - - x = a + (b a)sin
2
t

V du 1: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
2
dx
I .
(1 x )
=
-


Giai:
at x sint; t
2 2
p p
= - < <
Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 15
Suy ra:
3 2
2 3
dx costdt dt
dx costdt & d(tgt)
cos t cos t
(1 x )
= = = =
-

Khi o:
2
x
I d(tdt) tgt C C.
1 x
= = + = +
-


Chu y: Trong v du tren s d ta co:
2 3 3
2
x
(1 x ) cos t va tgt
1 x
- = =
-

la bi:
2
2 2
cos t cost
t cost 0
2 2
cost 1 sin t 1 x

=
p p
- < < >

= - = -


V du 2: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
2
2
x dx
I
x 1
=
-


Giai:
V ieu kien x 1 > , ta xet hai trng hp :
Vi x > 1
at:
1
x ; 0 t
sin2t 4
p
= < < Suy ra:
2
2cos2tdt
dx
sin 2t
=

2 2 2 2
3 3 3
2
x dx 2dt 2(cos t sin t) dt
sin 2t 8sin t cos t
x 1
+
= - = -
-


2 2
2 2 2
1 1 1 1
(cot gt. tgt. )dt
4 sin t cos t sint cost
1 1 1 2 1
(cot gt. tdt. )
4 sin t cos t tgt cos t
1 d(tgt)
[ cot gt.d(cot gt) tgt.d(tgt) 2 ].
4 tgt
=- + +
= - + +
= - - + +

Khi o:
1 d(tgt)
I [ cot gt.d(cot gt) tgt.d(tgt) 2 ]
4 tgt
= - - + +



2 2 2 2
2 2
1 1 1 1 1
( cot g t tg t 2ln tgt ) C (cot g t tg t) ln tgt C
4 2 2 8 2
1 1
x x 1 ln x x 1 C.
2 2
= - - + + + = - - +
= - - - - +

Vi x < 1 e ngh ban oc t lam
Chu y: Trong v du tren s d ta co:
2 2 2 2
cot g t tg t 4x x 1 va tgt x x 1 - = - = - -
la bi:
4 4 2
2 2
2 2 2 2 2
cos t sin t 4cos2t 4 1 sin 2t 4 1
cot g t tg t 1
cos t.sin t sin 2t sin 2t sin2t sin 2t
- -
- = = = = -
tgt =
-
= = = -
2 2
2
sint 2sin t 1 cos2t 1 cos 2t
cos t 2sint. cost sin2t sin2t
sin 2t
= - -
2
1 1
1
sin2t
sin 2t

Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 16
V du 3: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
2 3
dx
I
(1 x )
=
+


Giai:
at: x tgt; t
2 2
p p
= - < < . Suy ra:
3
2 2
2 3
dt dx cos tdt
dx & cos tdt.
cos t cos t
(1 x )
= = =
+

Khi o:
2
x
I costdt sint C C
1 x
= = + = +
+


Chu y:
1. Trong v du tren s d ta co:
2 2
1 x
cos t va sint
1 x 1 x
= =
+ +

la bi:
2
2
cos t cost
t cost 0
x
2 2 sint tgt. cost
1 x

=
p p
- < < >

= =

+

2. Phng phap tren c ap dung e giai bai toan tong quat:

2 2 2k 1
dx
I , v i k Z.
(a x )
+
=
+



Bai toan 2: S dung phng phap oi bien so dang 2 tch tch phan I f(x)dx. =


PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Ta thc hien theo cac bc:
+ Bc 1: Chon t = y(x), trong o y(x) la ham so ma ta chon cho thch hp
+ Bc 2: Xac nh vi phan = y dt '(x)dx.
+ Bc 3: Bieu th f(x)dx theo t va dt. Gia s rang f(x)dx = g(t)dt
+ Bc 4: Khi o I g(t)dt. =











Dau hieu Cach chon
Ham so mau co t la mau so
Ham so f(x, (x) j t (x) = j
Ham
a.sinx b. cosx
f(x)
c.sinx d. cosx e
+
=
+ +

x x
t tg (v i cos 0)
2 2
=
Ham
1
f(x)
(x a)(x b)
=
+ +

Vi x + a > 0 & x + b > 0, at:
t x a x b = + + +
Vi x + a < 0 & x + b < 0, at:
t x a x b = - + - -

Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 17
V du 4: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
3 2 8
I x (2 3x ) dx. = -


Giai:
at:
2
t 2 3x = - . Suy ra: dt 6xdx =

3 2 8 2 2 8 8 9 8
2 t 2 t 1 1
x (2 3x ) dx x (2 3x ) xdx .t . dt (t 2t )dt.
3 3 6 18
- -
- = - = = - = -



Khi o:
9 8 10 9 10 9
1 1 1 2 1 1
I (t 2t )dt t t C t t C
18 18 10 9 180 81

= - = - + = - +


V du 5: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
2
x dx
I
1 x
=
-


Giai:
at:
2
t 1 x x 1 t = - = -
Suy ra:
2 2 2
4 2
x dx (1 t ) ( 2tdt)
dx 2tdt & 2(t 2t 1)dt
t 1 x
- -
=- = = - +
-

Khi o:
4 2 5 3 4 2
1 2 2
I 2 (t 2t 1)dt 2 t t t C (3t 10t 15)t C
5 3 15

= - + = - - + + = - - + +


2 2
2 2
[3(1 x) 10(1 x) 15] 1 x C (3x 4x 8) 1x C
15 15
=- - - - + - + = - + + - +

V du 6: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
5 2 2
3
I x (1 2x ) dx. = -


Giai:
at:
3
3 2 2
1 t
t 1 2x x
2
-
= - = . Suy ra:
2
3
2xdx t tdt,
2
=-

3
5 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 7 4
3 3
1 t 3 3
x (1 2x ) dx x (1 2x ) xdx .t t dt (t t )dt.
2 4 8
-
- = - = - = -



Khi o:
7 4 8 5 6 3 2
3 3 1 1 3
I (t t )dt t t C (5t 8t )t C
8 8 8 5 320

= - = - + = - +



2 2 2 2 2
3
3
[5(1 2x ) 8(1 2x )] (1 2x ) C
320
= - - - - +

4 2 2 2
3
3
(20x 4x 3) (1 2x ) C.
320
= - - - +
V du 7: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
3
I sin x cos xdx. =


Giai:
at:
2
t cosx t cosx = =
dt = sinxdx,
Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 18

3 2 2
4 6 2
sin x cosxdx sin x cos x sinxdx (1 cos x) cosx sinxdx
(1 t ).t.(2tdt) 2(t t )dt.
= = -
= - = -

Khi o:
6 2 7 3 6 2
1 1 2
I 2 (t t )dt 2 t t C (3t 7t )t C
7 3 21

= - = - + = - +



3
2
(cos x 7cosx) cosx C.
21
= - +
V du 8: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
3
2
cosx.sin xdx
I
1 sin x
=
+


Giai:
at:
2 2
t 1 x x 1 t at 1 sin x = - = - = +
Suy ra: dt 2sinxcosxdx, =

3 2
2 2
cosx.sin xdx sin x. cos x.sinxdx (t 1)dt 1 1
1 dt.
1 sin x 1 sin x 2t 2 t
-
= = = -

+ +

Khi o:
2 2
1 1 1
I 1 dt f12(t ln t C [1 sin x ln(1 sin x)] C
2 t 2

= - = - + = + - + +


V du 9: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
2
8
cos xdx
I .
sin x
=


Giai:
at: t = cotgx
Suy ra:
2
1
dt dx,
sin x
= -

2 2
2 2 2 2
8 6 2 4 2 2
2 2 2
cos xdx cos x dx 1 dx dx
cot g x cot g x.(1 cot g x)
sin x sin x sin x sin x sin x sin x
t .(1 t ) dt.
= = = +
= +

Khi o:
2 2 6 4 2 7 5 3
1 2 1
I t .(1 t )dt (t 2t t )dt t t t C
7 5 3

= + = + + = + + +





7 5 3
1
(15cot g x 42cot g x 35cot g x) C.
105
= + + +
V du 10: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
x x / 2
dx
I
e e
=
-


Giai:
at:
x / 2
t e
-
=
Suy ra:
x / 2
x / 2
1 dx
dt e dx 2dt ,
2 e
=- - =

x / 2
x x / 2 x x / 2 x / 2 x / 2
dx dx e dx 2tdt 1
2(1 )dt
e e e (1 e ) e (1 e ) 1 t t 1
-
- -
-
= = = = +
- - - - -

Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 19
Khi o:
x / 2 x / 2
1
I 2 1 dt 2(e ln e 1) C.
t 1
- -

= + = + + +

-


Chu y: Bai toan tren a dung ti kinh nghie m e la chon cho phep oi bien
x / 2
t e ,
-
=
tuy nhien vi cach at
x / 2
t e = chung ta cung co the thc hien c bai toan.
V du 11: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
x
dx
I
1 e
=
+

.
Giai:
Cach 1:
at:
x 2 x
t 1 e t 1 e = + = +
Suy ra:
x
2 2 2
x
2tdt dx 2tdt 2tdt
2tdt e dx dx & .
t 1 t(t 1) t 1
1 e
= = = =
- - -
+

Khi o:
x
2
x
dt t 1 1 e 1
I 2 ln C ln C
t 1 t 1
1 e 1
- + -
= = + = +
- +
+ +


Cach 2:
at:
x / 2
t e
-
=
Suy ra:
x / 2
x / 2
1 dx
dt e dx 2dt ,
2 e
-
= - =

x x x x / 2 x 2
dx dx dx 2dt
1 e e (e 1) e e 1 t 1
- -
-
= = =
+ + + +

Khi o:
2 x / 2 x
2
dt
I 2 2ln t t 1 C 2ln e e 1 C
t 1
- -
= - = - + + + = - + + +
+


V du 12: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
2
dx
I , vi a 0.
x a
=
+

.
Giai:
at:
2
t x x a = + +
Suy ra:
2
2 2 2
x x a x dx dt
dt 1 dx dx
t
x a x a x a
+ +
= + = =

+ + +


Khi o:
2
dt
I ln t C ln x x a C.
t
= = + = + + +


V du 13: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
dx
I
(x 1)(x 2)
=
+ +

.
Giai:
Ta xet hai trng hp:
Vi
x 1 0
x 1
x 2 0
+ >
> -

+ >


at: t x 1 x 2 = + + +
Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 20
Suy ra:
1 1 ( x 1 x 2)dx dx 2dt
dt dx
t 2 x 1 2 x 2 2 (x 1)(x 2) (x 1)(x 2)
+ + +
= + = =

+ + + + + +


Khi o:
dt
I 2 2ln t C 2ln x 1 x 2 C
t
= = + = + + + +


Vi
x 1 0
x 2
x 2 0
+ <
< -

+ <


at: t (x 1) (x 2) = - + + - +
Suy ra:
[ (x 1) (x 2)]dx 1 1
dt dx
2 (x 1) 2 (x 2) 2 (x 1)(x 2)
- + + - +

= - - =

- + - + + +



dx 2dt
t (x 1)(x 2)
= -
+ +

Khi o:
dt
I 2 2ln t C 2ln (x 1) (x 2) C
t
= - = - + = - - + + - + +


BAI TAP
Bai 12. Tm ho nguyen ham cua cac ham so sau:
a/
2 9
f(x) x (x 1) ; = - b/
4
10
x
f(x) ;
x 4
=
-
c/
2
3
x x
f(x) ;
(x 2)
-
=
-
d/
2
4
x 1
f(x) ;
x 1
-
=
+

S: a/
12 11 10
1 2 1
(x 1) (x 1) (x 10) C.
12 11 10
- + - + - + b/
5
5
1 x 2
ln C.
20 x 2
-
+
+

c/
2
2x 5
ln x 2 C;
(x 2)
-
- - +
-
d/
2
2
1 x x 2 1
ln C.
2 2 x x 2 1
- +
+
+ +

Bai 13. Tm ho nguyen ham cua cac ham so sau:
a/
2
2x
f(x) ;
x x 1
=
+ -
b/
2 2 3
1
f(x) (a 0)
(x a )
= >
+
; c/
3 2
1
f(x) .
x x
=
-

S: a/
3 2 3
2 2
x (x 1) C;
3 3
- - + b/
2 2 2
x
C;
a x a
+
+

c/
3
6 6
x
6 x ln x 1 C.
2

+ + - +



Bai 14. Tm ho nguyen ham cua cac ham so sau:
a/
5
3
cos x
f(x) ;
sinx
= b/
1
f(x)
cos x
= ; c/
3
sinx cosx
f(x)
sinx cos x
+
=
-
;
d/
3
cos x
f(x) ;
sinx
= e/
4
1
f(x) .
sin x
=
S: a/
2 14 8 3 3 3
3 3 3
sin x sin x sin x C;
2 14 4
+ - +
Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 21
b/
x
ln tg C;
2 4
p
+ +


c/
3
3
1 si n2x C;
2
- +
d/
2
1
ln sinx sin x C;
2
- + e/
3
1
cot g x cot gx C.
3
- - +
Bai 15. Tm ho nguyen ham cua cac ham so sau:
a/
2x
1
f(x) ;
1 e
=
+
b/
x
x 1
f(x) ;
x(1 xe )
+
=
+

c/
x x
x x
2 .3
f(x) ;
9 4
=
-
d/
1
f(x) ;
xlnx. ln(lnx)
=
S: a/
x 2x
ln(e e 1) C;
- -
- + + + b/
x
x
xe
ln C;
1 xe
+
+

c/
x x
x x
1 3 2
, ln C;
2(ln3 ln2) 3 2
-
+
- +
d/ ln ln(lnx) C. +

Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 22
Von de 5: Ik0 0|0h 000IE0 hkN
8k00 Ph0000 PhkP 0h Phk0 000 Phk0

Cong thc tnh tch phan tng phan: udv uv vdu. = -


Bai toan 1: S dung cong thc tch phan tng phan xac nh I f(x)dx. =


PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Ta thc hien theo cac bc sau:
+ Bc 1: Bien oi tch phan ban au ve dang:
1 2
I f(x)dx f (x).f (x)dx. = =


+ Bc 2: at:
1
2
u f (x) du
dv f (x)dx v
=


=


+ Bc 3: Khi o: I uv vdu. = -


V du 1: Tch tch phan bat nh:
2
2
xln(x x 1)
I
x 1
+ +
=
+

.
Giai:
Viet lai I di dang:
2
2
x
I ln(x x 1) dx.
x 1
= + +
+


at :
2
2
2 2
2
2
1 x
u ln(x x 1)
dx
x 1
du
x
x x 1 x 1
dv
x 1
v x 1
+

= + +
+

= =


+ + +
=

+

= +


Khi o:
2 2 2 2
I x 1ln(x x 1) dx x 1ln(x x 1) x C. = + + + - = + + + - +


V du 2: Tch tch phan bat nh: I cos(lnx)dx. =


Giai:
at :
1
u cos(lnx) du sin(lnx)dx
x
dv dx
v x
-
= =


Khi o: I xcos(lnx) sin(lnx)dx. = +

(1)
Xet J sin(lnx)dx. =


at:
1
u sin(lnx) du cos(lnx)dx
x
dv dx
v x.

= =


Khi o: J x.sin(lnx) cos(lnx)dx x.sin(lnx) I = - = -

(2)
Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 23
Thay (2) vao (1), ta c:
x
I x. cos(lnx) x.sin(lnx) I I [cos(lnx) sin(lnx)] C.
2
= + - = + +
Chu y: Neu bai toan yeu cau tnh gia tr cua mot cap tch phan:
1 2
I sin(lnx)dx va I cos(lnx)dx = =


ta nen la chon cach trnh bay sau:
S dung tch phan tng phan cho I
1
, nh sau:
at :
1
u sin(lnx) du cos(lnx)dx
x
dv dx
v x

= =


Khi o:
1 2
I x.sin(lnx) cos(lnx)dx x.sin(lnx) I . (3) = - = -


S dung tch phan tng phan cho I
2
, nh sau:
at :
1
u cos(lnx) du sin(lnx)dx
x
dv dx
v x

= = -


Khi o:
2 1
I x. cos(lnx) sin(lnx)dx x. cos(lnx) I . (4) = - = +


T he tao bi (3) va (4) ta nhan c:


1 2
x x
I [sin(lnx) cos(lnx)] C. I [sin(lnx) cos(lnx)] C.
2 2
= - + = + +

V du 3: Tch tch phan bat nh:
2
ln(cosx)
I dx.
cos x
=


Giai:
at :
2
u ln(cosx) sinx
du dx
cosx
dx
dv
v tgx
cos x
=
= -


=

=


Khi o:
2
2
1
I ln(cos x).tgx tg xdx ln(cosx).tgx 1 dx
cos x

= + = + -




ln(cosx).tgx tgx x C. = + - +

Bai toan 2: Tnh I P(x)sin xdx (hoa c P(x) cos xdx) = a a

vi P la mot a thc thuoc
*
R[X] va R . a
PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 24
Ta la chon mot trong hai cach sau:
Cach 1: (S dung tch phan tng phan). Ta thc hien theo cac bc sau:
+ Bc 1: at :
du P'(x)dx
u P(x)
.
1
dv sin xdx v cos x
=
=


= a = - a


a

+ Bc 2: Khi o:
1 1
I P(x) cos P'(x).cos x.dx. = - a + a
a a


+ Bc 3: Tiep tuc thu tuc tren ta se kh c a thc.
Cach 1: (S dung phng phap he so bat nh). Ta thc hien theo cac bc sau:
+ Bc 1: Ta co: I P(x)cos xdx A(x)sin x B(x) cos x C. (1) = a = a + a +


trong o A(x) va B(x) la cac a thc cung bac vi P(x).
+ Bc 2: Lay ao ham hai ve cua (1), ta c:
P(x). cos x [A'(x) B(x)].sin [A(x) B'(x)]. cosx (2) a = + a+ +
S dung phng phap he so bat nh ta xac nh c cac a thc A(x) va B(x)
+ Bc 3: Ket luan.
Nhan xet: Neu bac cua a thc P(x) ln hn hoac bang 3 ta thay ngay cach 1 to ra qua
cong kenh, v khi o ta can thc hien thu tu c lay tch phan tng phan nhieu hn ba lan.
Do o ta i ti nhan nh chung sau:
Neu bac cua P(x) nho hn hoac bang 2, ta la chon cach 1.
Neu bac cua P(x) ln hn 2, ta la chon cach 2.
V du 4: Tnh :
2
I x.sin xdx =

(HL_1999)
Giai:
Bien oi I ve dang c ban:

2
1 cos2x 1 1 1 1
I x dx xdx xcos2xdx x xcos2xdx (1)
2 2 2 4 2
-
= = - = -




Xet J xcos2xdx. =


at :
2
dx
du dx
u x
x 1
dv cos2xdx
1
v si n2x
2

= =

=
+


Khi o:
x 1 x 1
J sin2x sin2xdx sin2x cos2x C.
2 2 2 4
= - = + +

(2)
Thay (2) vao (1) ta c:
2
1 x 1
I x sin2x cos2x C.
4 4 8
= + + +
V du 5: Tnh :
3 2
I (x x 2x 3)sinxdx. = - + -


Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 25
Giai:
Ta co:
3 2
I (x x 2x 3)sinxdx = - + -



3 2 3 2
1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
(a x b x c x d ) cosx (a x b x c x d )sinx C (1) = + + + + + + + +
Lay ao ham hai ve cua (1), ta c:

3 2 3 2
2 1 2 1 2 1 2
3 2
1 2 1 2 1 2 1
(x x 2x 3)sinx [a x (3a b )x (2b c )x c d ]. cos x
[a x (3a b )x (2b c )x c d ].sinx (2)
- + - = + + + + + + -
- - - - - + -

ong nhat ang thc, ta c:

2 2
1 2 2 1
1 2 2 1
1 2 2 1
a 0 a 1
3a b 0 3a b 1
(I) va (II)
2b c 0 2b c 2
c d 0 c d 3
= - =

+ = - = -


+ = - =


+ = - + = -


Giai (I) va (II), ta c:
1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
a 1, b 1, c 4, d 1, a 0, b 3, c 2, d 4. = - = = = = = = - = -
Khi o:
3 2 2
I ( x x 4x 1)cosx (3x 2x 4)sinx C. = - + + + + - + +

Bai toan 3: Tnh
( )
ax ax
I e cos(bx)dx hoac e sin(bx) v i a, b 0. =


PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Ta la chon mot trong hai cach sau:
Cach 1: (S dung tch phan tng phan). Ta thc hien theo cac bc sau:
+ Bc 1: at :
ax ax
du bsin(bx)dx
u cos(bx)
.
1
v e dv e dx
a
= -
=


= =


Khi o:
ax ax
1 b
I e cos(bx) e sin(bx)dx. (1)
a a
= +


+ Bc 2: Xet
ax
J e sin(bx)dx. =


at
ax ax
du bcos x(bx)dx
u sin(bx)
1
v e dv e dx
a
=
=


= =


Khi o:
ax ax ax
1 b 1 b
J e sin(bx) e cos(bx)dx e sin(bx) I. (2)
a a a a
= - = -


+ Bc 3: Thay (2) vao (1), ta c:
a ax
1 b 1 b
I e cos(bx) [ e sin(bx) I]
a a a a
= + -

ax
2 2
[a. cos(bx) b.sin(bx)e
I C.
a b
+
= +
+

Cach 2: (S dung phng phap hang so bat nh). Ta thc hien theo cac bc :
+ Bc 1: Ta co:
ax ax
I e cos(bx)dx [Acos(bx) B.sin(bx)]e C. (3) = = + +


trong o A, B la cac hang so.
Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 26
+ Bc 2: Lay ao ham hai ve cua (3), ta c:

ax ax ax
ax
e . cos(bx) b[ Asin(bx) Bcos(bx)]e a[Acos(bx) Bsin(bx)]e
[(Aa Bb). cos(bx) Ba Ab)sin(bx)]e .
= - + + +
= + + -

ong nhat ang thc, ta c:
2 2
2 2
a
A
Aa Bb 1
a b
Ba Ab 0 b
B
a b

+ = +


- =

+

+ Bc 3: Vay:
ax
2 2
[a. cos(bx) b.sin(bx)]e
I C.
a b
+
= +
+

Chu y:
1. Neu bai toan yeu cau tnh gia tr cua mot cap tch phan:

ax ax
1 2
I e cos(bx)dx va I e sin(bx)dx. = =


ta nen la chon cach trnh bay sau:
S dung tch phan tng phan cho I
1
, nh sau:
at:
ax ax
du bsin(bx)dx
u cos(bx)
1
v e dv e dx
a
= -
=


= =


Khi o:
ax ax ax
1 2
1 b 1 b
I e cos(bx) e sin(bx)dx e cos(bx) I . (3)
a a a a
= + = +


S dung tch phan tng phan cho I
1
, nh sau:
at:
ax ax
du bcos(bx)dx
u sin(bx)
1
v e dv e dx
a
=
=


= =


Khi o:
ax ax ax
2 1
1 b 1 b
I e sin(bx) e cos(bx)dx e sin(bx) I . (4)
a a a a
= - = -


T he tao bi (3) va (4) ta nhan c:


ax ax
1 2
2 2 2 2
[a. cos(bx) b.sin(bx)]e [a.sin(bx) b.cos(bx)]e
I C. I C.
a b a b
+ -
= + = +
+ +

2. Phng phap tren cung c ap dung cho cac tch phan:

ax 2 ax 2
1 2
J e sin (bx)dx va J e cos (bx)dx. = =


V du 6: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
x 2
I e . cos xdx. =


Giai:
Cach 1: Viet lai I di dang:

x x x x x
1 1 1
I e .(1 cos2x)dx ( e dx e . cos2xdx) (e e .cos2xdx) (1)
2 2 2
= + = + = +


Xet
x
J e . cos2xdx. =


Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 27
at:
x x
u cos2x du 2sin2xdx
dv e dx v e
= = -


= =


Khi o:
x x
J e cos2x 2 e sin2xdx (2) = +


Xet:
x
K e sin2xdx. =


at:
x x
u sin2x du 2cos2xdx
dv e dx v e
= =


= =


Khi o:
x x x
K e sin2x 2 e cos2xdx e sin2x 2J (3) = - = -


Thay (3) vao (2), ta c:

x x x
1
J e cos2x 2(e si n2x 2J) J (cos2x 2sin2x)e C (4)
5
= + - = + +
Thay (4) vao (1), ta c:

x x x
1 1 1
I [e (cos2x 2sin2x)e ] C (5 cos2x 2sin2x)e C
2 5 10
= + + + = + + +
Cach 2:
x x
1
I e .(1 cos2x)dx (a b. cos2x c.sin2x)e C. (5)
2
= + = + + +


Lay ao ham hai ve cua (5), ta c:

x x x
x
1
e (1 cos2x) ( b.sin2x 2c. cos2x)e (a b. cos2x c.sin2x)e
2
[a (2x b) cos2x (c 2b)sin2x]e . (6)
+ = - + + + +
= + + + -

ong nhat ang thc, ta c:
2a 1 a 1/ 2
2(2c b) 1 b 1/ 10.
2(c 2b) 0 c 1/ 5
= =

+ = =


- = =


Vay:
x
1
I (5 cos2x 2sin2x)e C.
10
= + + +
Bai toan 4: Tnh
x
I P(x)e dx
a
=

vi P la mot a thc thuoc R[X] va


*
R . a
PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Ta la chon mot trong hai cach sau:
Cach 1: (S dung tch phan tng phan). Ta thc hien theo cac bc sau:
+ Bc 1: at :
ax x
du P'(x)dx
u P(x)
.
1
v e dv e dx
a
=
=


= =

a

+ Bc 2: Khi o:
x x
1 1
I P(x)e P'(x).e .dx.
a a
= -
a a


+ Bc 3: Tiep tuc thu tuc tren ta se kh c a thc.
Cach 2: (S dung phng phap he so bat nh). Ta thc hien theo cac bc :
Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 28
+ Bc 1: Ta co:
x x
I P(x).e .dx A(x)e C. (1)
a a
= = +


trong o A(x) la a thc cung bac vi P(x)
+ Bc 2: Lay ao ham hai ve cua (1), ta c:

x x
P(x).e [A'(x) A(x)].e (2)
a a
= + a
S dung phng phap he so bat nh ta xac nh c A(x).
+ Bc 3: Ket luan
Nhan xet: Neu bac cua a thc P(x) ln hn hoac bang 3 ta thay ngay cach 1 to ra qua
cong kenh, v khi o ta can thc hien thu tu c lay tch phan tng phan nhieu hn ba lan.
Do o ta i ti nhan nh chung sau:
Neu bac cua P(x) nho hn hoac bang 2, ta la chon cach 1.
Neu bac cua P(x) ln hn 2, ta la chon cach 2.
V du 7: Tnh :
3x
I xe dx. =


Giai:
at:
3x 3x
du dx
u x
1
v e dv e dx
3
=
=


= =

. Khi o:
3x 3x 3x 3x
1 1 1 1
I xe e .dx xe e C.
3 3 3 9
= - = - +


V du 8: Tnh :
3 2 2x
I (2x 5x 2x 4)e dx = + - +


Giai:
Ta co:
3 2 2x 3 2 2x
I (2x 5x 2x 4)e dx (ax bx cx d)e C. (1) = + - + = + + + +


Lay ao ham hai ve cua (1), ta c:

3 2 2x 3 2 2x
(2x 5x 2x 4)e [2ax (3a 2b)x (2b 2c)x c 2d]e (2) + - + = + + + + + +
ong nhat ang thc ta c:
2a 2 a 1
3a 2b 5 b 1
2b 2c 2 c 2
c 2d 4 d 3
= =

+ = =


+ = - = -


+ = =


Khi o:
3 2 2x
I (x x 2x 3)e C. = + - + +

Bai toan 5: Tnh I x . lnxdx, vi R \ { 1}.
a
= a -


at :
1
1
du dx
u lnx
x
1 dv x dx
v x
1
a
a+

=
=


=

=

a +

Khi o:
1 1 1
2
x x x x
I lnx dx lnx C.
1 1 1 ( 1)
a+ a a+ a+
= - = - +
a+ a + a + a +


Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 29
V du 9: Tnh
2
I x ln2xdx. =


at :
2
3
dx
du
u ln2x
x
1 dv x dx
v x
3

=
=


=

=

. Khi o:
3 3 3
2
x x x
I ln2x x dx ln2x C.
3 3 9
= = - +


BAI TAP
Bai 16. Tm ho nguyen ham cua cac ham so sau:
a/ f(x) lnx; = b/
2 2x
f(x) (x 1)e = + ; c/
2
f(x) x sinx; =
d/
x
f(x) e sinx; = e/ f(x) x. cos x; = f/
x 2
f(x) e (1 tgx tg x). = + +
S: a/ xlnx x C - + b/
2 2x
1
(2x x 3)e C;
4
- + +
c/
2
(2 x) cosx 2sinx C; - + + d/
x
1
e (sinx cosx) C;
2
- +
e/ 2 x(x 6)sin x 6(x 2) cos x C; - + - + f/
x
e tgx C. +
Bai 17. Tm ho nguyen ham cua cac ham so sau:
a/
x
f(x) e ; = b/
2
lnx
f(x) ;
x

=


c/
2 2
f(x) (x 1) cos x; = +
d/
2x
f(x) e . cos3x;
-
= e/ f(x) sin(lnx); = f/
2
f(x) x K, (K 0); = +
S: a/
x
2( x 1)e C; - + b/
2
ln x
2lnx 2x C;
x
- - +
c/
3 2
(x 1) (x 1) sin2x (x 1) cos2x sin2x
C;
6 4 4 8
+ + +
+ + - +
d/
2x
e
(3sin3x 2cos3x) C;
13
-
- + e/ [ ]
x
sin(lnx) cos(lnx C;
2
+ +
f/
2 2
x K
x K ln x x K C.
2 2
+ + + + +
Bai 18. Tm ho nguyen ham cua cac ham so sau:
a/
3
f(x) x lnx = (HVQY_1999) b/
2
f(x) (x 2)sin2x = + (HP_2000)
c/ f(x) xsin x = (HMC_1998)
S: a/
4 4
1 1
x lnx x C;
4 16
- + b/
2
1 x 1
(x 2)cos2x sin2x cos2x C;
2 2 4
- + + + +
c/
3
2 x cos x 6xsin x 12 x cos x 12sin x C. - + + - +


Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 30
Von de 6: Ik0 0|0h 000IE0 hkN
8k00 Ph0000 PhkP 0000 000IE0 hkN Ph0

Y tng chu ao cua phng phap xac nh nguyen ham cua f(x) bang ky thuat dung ham phu la
tm kiem mot ham g(x) sao cho nguyen ham cua cac ham so f(x) g(x) de xac nh hn so vi
ham so f(x), t o suy ra nguyen ham F(x) cua ham so f(x).
Ta thc hien theo cac bc sau:
+ Bc 1: Tm kiem ham so g(x).
+ Bc 2: Xac nh cac nguyen ham cua cac ham so f(x) g(x), tc la:

1
2
F(x) G(x) A(x) C
(I)
F(x) G(x) B(x) C
+ = +

- = +


+ Bc 3: T he (I), ta nhan c:
1
F(x) [A(x) B(x)] C
2
= + +
la ho nguyen ham cua ham so f(x).

V du 1: Tm nguyen ham ham so:
sinx
f(x) .
sinx cosx
=
-

Giai:
Chon ham so phu:
cosx
g(x)
sinx cosx
=
-

Goi F(x) va G(x) theo th t la nguyen ham cua cac ham so f(x), g(x). Ta co:

sinx cosx
f(x) g(x)
sinx cosx
+
+ =
+


1
2
sinx cosx d(sinx cosx)
F(x) G(x) dx ln sinx cosx C .
sinx cosx sinx cosx
sinx cosx
f(x) g(x) 1 F(x) G(x) dx x C .
sinx cosx
+ -
+ = = = - +
- -
-
- = = - = = +
-


Ta c:
1
2
F(x) G(x) ln sinx cosx C
1
F(x) (ln sinx cosx x) C.
2 F(x) G(x) x C
+ = - +

= - + +

- = +


V du 2: Tm nguyen ham ham so:
4
4 4
cos x
f(x)
sin x cos x
=
+

Giai:
Chon ham so phu:
4
4 4
sin x
g(x)
sin x cos x
=
+

Goi F(x) va G(x) theo th t la nguyen ham cua cac ham so f(x), g(x). Ta co:

4 4
1 4 4
sin x cs x
f(x) g(x) 1 F(x) G(x) dx x C
sin x cos x
+
+ = = + = = +
+



4 4 2 2
4 4 2 2 2 2 2
2
cos x sin x cos x sin x cos2x
f(x) g(x)
1
sin x cos x (cos x sin x) 2cos x.sin x
1 sin 2x
2
- -
- = = =
+ + -
-

Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 31
2 2
2cos2x d(sin2x) 1 sin2x 2
F(x) G(x) dx ln C
2 sin2x sin 2x 2 2 2 sin2x 2
-
- = = - = - +
- - +


Ta c:
1
2
F(x) G(x) x C
1 1 2 sin2x
F(x) x ln C.
1 2 sin2x
2 2 2 2 sin2x F(x) G(x) ln C
2 2 2 sin2x
+ = +

+
= + +
+
- - = +

-

V du 3: Tm nguyen ham ham so:
2
f(x) 2sin x.sin2x. =
Giai:
Chon ham so phu:
2
g(x) 2cos x.sin2x. =
Goi F(x) va G(x) theo th t la nguyen ham cua cac ham so f(x), g(x). Ta co:
2 2
1
2 2
2
f(x) g(x) 2(sin x cos x).sin2x 2sin2x F(x) G(x) 2 sin2xdx cos2x C
f(x) g(x) 2(sin x cos x).sin2x 2cos2x.sin2x sin4x
1
F(x) G(x) sin4xdx cos4x C
4
+ = + = + = = - +
- = - = - = -
- = - = +


Ta c:
1
2
F(x) G(x) cos2x C
1 1
F(x) cos2x cos4x C.
1
2 4 F(x) G(x) cos4x C
4
+ = - +

= - + +


- = + +


V du 2: Tm nguyen ham ham so:
x
x x
e
f(x) .
e e
-
=
-

Giai:
Chon ham so phu:
x
x x
e
g(x) .
e e
-
-
=
-

Goi F(x) va G(x) theo th t la nguyen ham cua cac ham so f(x), g(x). Ta co:

x x
x x
x x x x
x x
1
x x x x
x x
2 x x
e e
f(x) g(x)
e e
e e d(e e )
F(x) G(x) dx ln e e C
e e e e
e e
f(x) g(x) 1 F(x) G(x) dx x C .
e e
-
-
- -
-
- -
-
-
+
+ =
-
+ -
+ = = = - +
- -
-
- = = - = = +
-


Ta c:
x x
1 x x
2
F(x) G(x) ln e e C
1
F(x) (ln e e x) C.
2
F(x) G(x) x C
-
-

+ = - +

= - + +

- = +


BAI TAP
Bai 19. Tm nguyen ham cua cac ham so:
a/
sinx
f(x) ;
sinx cosx
=
+
b/
2
f(x) sin x. cos2x. = c/
x
x x
e
f(x)
e e
-
=
+

S: a/
1
(x ln sin x cos x C;
2
- + + b/
1 1
(si n2x si n4x x) C;
4 4
- - + c/
x x
1
(x ln e e ) C.
2
-
+ + +

Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 32
Von de 7: 000IE0 hkN 0k0 hkN 80 h00

e xac nh nguyen ham so hu t ta can linh hoat la chon mot trong cac phng
phap c ban sau:
1. Phng phap tam thc bac hai
2. Phng phap phan tch
3. Phng phap oi bien
4. Phng phap tch phan tng phan
5. S dung cac phng phap khac nhau.

1. PHNG PHAP TAM THC BAC HAI
Bai toan 1: Xac nh nguyen ham cac ham hu t da tren tam thc bac hai
PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Tren c s a tam thc bac hai ve dang chnh tac va dung cac cong thc sau:
1.
2
2
xdx 1
ln x a C
2 x a
= +

(1)
2.
2 2
dx 1 x a
ln C, vi a 0
2a x a x a
-
= +
+ -

(2)
V du 1: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
4 2
xdx
I
x 2x 2
=
- -


Giai:
Ta co:
2
4 2 2 2 2 2
dx xdx 1 d(x 1)
2 x 2x 2 (x 1) 3 (x 1) 3
-
= =
- - - - - -



2 2
2 2
1 1 x 1 3 1 x 1 3
. ln C ln C.
2 3 x 1 3 4 3 x 1 3
- - - -
= + = +
- + - +

Chu y: Cung co the trnh bay bai toan tng minh hn bang viec oi bien so trc khi
ap dung cac cong thc (1), (2). Cu the:
Bien oi tch phan ban au ve dang:
4 2 2 2
xdx xdx
x 2x 2 (x 1) 3
=
- - - -


at
2
t x 1 = -
Suy ra:
2 2 2
xdx 1 dt
dt 2xdx & . .
2 (x 1) 3 t 3
= =
- - -

Khi o :
2
2 2
1 dt 1 1 t 3 1 x 1 3
I . ln C ln C.
2 2 t 3 2 3 t 3 4 3 x 1 3
- - -
= = + = +
- + - +



Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 33
V du 2: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
3
4 2
x dx
I
x x 2
=
- -


Giai:
Ta co:
2
3
2
2 2
2 2
1 1
x
x dx 1 1 2 2
I d x
2 2
1 9 1 9
x x
2 4 2 4

- +



= = -



- - - -





2 2 2
2 2
2 2
2
2
2
2
2
4 2
2
1 1 1
x d x d x
1 1 2 2 2
2 4
1 9 1 9
x x
2 4 2 4
1 3
x
1 1 1 9 1 1
2 2
. ln x . ln C
1 3
2 2 2 4 4 3
x
2 2
1 1 x 2
ln x x 2 ln C.
4 2 x 1

- - -


= +

- - - -


- -

= - - + +


- +
-
= - - + +
+


2. PHNG PHAP PHAN TCH
Bai toan 2: Xac nh nguyen ham cac ham hu t bang phng phap phan tch
PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Can hieu rang thc chat no la mot dang cua phng phap he so bat nh, nhng ay e
phan tch
P(x)
Q(x)
ta s dung cac ong nhat thc quen thuoc.
Dang 1: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
2
2
x
I dx, v i a 0.
(ax b)
=
+


PHNG PHAP CHUNG
S dung ong nhat thc:

2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
1 1 1
x .a x [(ax b) b] [(ax b) 2b(ax b) b ]
a a a
= = + - = + - + +
Ta c:
2 2 2
2
x 1 (ax b) 2b(ax b) b
.
(ax b) a (ax b)
a a
+ - + +
=
+ +


2
2 2 1
1 1 2b b
.
a (ax b) (ax b) (ax b)
a- a- a

= - +

+ + +


Khi o:
2
2 2 1
1 dx 2bdx b dx
I .
a (ax b) (ax b) (ax b)
a- a- a

= - +

+ + +




2
3 2 1
1 d(ax b) 2bd(ax b) b d(ax b)
.
a (ax b) (ax b) (ax b)
a- a- a

+ + +
= - +

+ + +


.
Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 34
V du 3: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
2
39
x
I dx.
(1 x)
=
-


Giai:
S dung ong nhat thc:
2 2
x (1 x) 2(1 x) 1 = - - - +
Ta c:
2 2
39 39 37 37 39
x (1 x) 2(1 x) 1 1 2 1
.
(1 x) (1 x) (1 x) (1 x) (1 x)
- - - +
= = - +
- - - - -

Khi o:
37 38 39
dx 2dx dx
I
(1 x) (1 x) (1 x)
= - +
- - -



36 37 38
1 2 1
C.
36(1 x) 37(1 x) 38(1 x)
= - + +
- - -

Chu y: M rong t nhien cua phng phap giai tren ta i xet v du:
V du 4: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
3
10
x
I dx.
(x 1)
=
-


Giai:
S dung ong nhat thc (cong thc Taylo):
3 2 3
x 1 3(x 1) 3(x 1) (x 1) . = + - + - + -
Ta c:
3 2 3
10 10
x 1 3(x 1) 3(x 1) (x 1)
(x 1) (x 1)
+ - + - + -
=
- -


10 9 8 7
1 3 3 1
.
(x 1) (x 1) (x 1) (x 1)
= + + +
- - - -

Khi o:
10 9 8 7
1 3 3 1
I dx
(x 1) (x 1) (x 1) (x 1)

= + + +

- - - -



9 8 7 6
1 3 3 1
C.
9(x 1) 8(x 1) 7(x 1) 6(x 1)
= - - - - +
- - - -

Dang 2: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
n 2 n
dx
I , v i a 0 va n
(ax bx c)
=
+ +

nguyen dng.
PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Ta xet cac trng hp sau:
Trng hp 1: Neu n = 1
Ta xet ba kha nang cua
2
b 4ac D = -
Kha nang 1: Neu D > 0
Khi o:
2 1
2
1 2 1 2 1 2
1 1 1 (x x ) (x x )
.
a(x x )(x x ) a(x x ) (x x )(x x ) ax bx c
- - -
= =
- - - - - + +


1 2 1 2
1 1 1
.
a(x x ) x x x x

= -

- - -


Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 35
Do o:
1 1 2
1 2 1 2 1 2
1 1 1 1
I dx [ln x x ln x x ] C.
a(x x ) x x x x a(x x

= - = - - - +

- - - -



1
1 2 2
1 x x
. ln C.
a(x x ) x x
-
= +
- -

Kha nang 2: Neu D = 0
Khi o:
2 2
0
1 1
ax bx c a(x x )
=
+ + -

Do o:
2
0 0
1 dx 1
I C.
a a(x x ) (x x )
= = - +
- -


Kha nang 3: Neu D < 0
Khi o thc hien phep oi bien x tgt v i t ; .
2 2
p p
= -



Trng hp 2: Neu n > 1
Bang phep oi bien
b
t x ,
2a
= + ta c:
n n 2 n
1 dt
I
a (t k)
=
+


S dung phng phap tch phan tng phan vi phep at:

2 n 2 n 1
1 2ntdt
u du
(t k) (t k)
dv dt v t
+

= = -

+ +


= =


Khi o:
2 2
n n 2 n 2 n 1 n 2 n 2 n 1
1 t t dt 1 t [(t k) k]dt
I 2n 2n
a (t k) (t k) a (t k) (t k)
+ +
+ -
= + = +


+ + + +




n 2 n 2 n 2 n 1
n
n n 1 n 1 n n 2 n 2 n
n 1
n n 1 2 n 1
1 t dt dt
2n k
a (t k) (t k) (t k)
1 t t
2n(I kI ) 2nkI (2n a )I
a (t k) (t k)
t
2(n 1(kI (2n 2 a )I (1)
(t k)
+
+ +
-
+ -

= + -


+ + +


= + - = + -

+ +

- = + - -
+


Chu y: V cong thc (1) khong c trnh bay trong pham vi sach giao khoa 12, do o ca c
em hoc sinh khi lam bai thi khong c phep s dung no, hoac neu trong trng hp c
s dung th o la mot cong thc qua cong kenh rat kho co the nh c mot cach chnh
xac, do vay trong tng hp n > 1 tot nhat cac em nen trnh bay theo cac bc sau:
Bc 1: Xac nh I
1
.
Bc 2: Xac nh I
n
theo I
n1
(chng minh lai (1)).
Bc 3: Bieu dien truy hoi I
n
theo I
1
ta c ket qua can tm.

V du 5: Cho ham so
2
1
f(x)
x (m 2)x 2m
=
- + +

Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 36
Tnh tch phan bat nh I f(x)dx =

biet:
a/ m = 1 b/ m = 2.
Giai:
a/ Vi m = 1:
2
dx dx dx d(x 2) d(x 1)
I f(x)dx
x 2 x 1 x 2 x 1 x 3x 2
- -
= = = - = -
- - - - - +



x 2
ln x 2 ln x 1 C ln C.
x 1
-
= - - - + = +
-

b/ Vi m = 2:
2
dx 1
I f(x)dx C.
x 2 (x 2)
= = = - +
- -


V du 6: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
2 3
dx
I
(x 4x 3)
=
+ +


Giai:
Xet tch phan
n 2 n
dx
J
(x 4x 3)
=
+ +

, ta lan lt co:
Vi n = 1

1 2
dx dx 1 1 1 1 x 1
J dx ln C.
(x 1)(x 3) 2 x 1 x 3 3 x 3 x 4x 3
+
= = = - = +

+ + + + + + +



Vi n > 1
Bang phng phap tch phan tng phan vi phep at:

2 n 2 n 1
1 2ntdt
u du
(t 1) (t 1)
dv dt v t
+

= = -

- -


= =


Khi o:
2 2
n 2 n 2 n 1 2 n 2 n 1
t t dt t [(t 1) 1]dt
J 2n 2n
(t 1) (t 1) (t 1) (t 1)
+ +
- +
= + = +
- - - -



n n 1 2 n 2 n 2 n 1 2 n
t dt dt t
2n 2n(J J )
(t 1) (t 1) (t 1) (t 1)
+ +

= + + = + +

- - - -




n 1 n n n 1
2 n 2 n 1
n n 1 n 2 n 1
t t
2nJ (2n 1)J 2(n 1)J (2n 3)J
(t 1) (t 1)
1 t
J 2n 3)J
2(n 1) (t 1)
+ -
-
- -
= - - - - = - - -
- -

= - = + -

- -


Do o:
2 1 2
1 t
J J
2 t 1

= - +

-



3 2 1 2 2 2 2 2
1 t 1 t 1 t
I J 3J 3 J
4 4 2 (t 1) (t 1) t 1

= = - + = - + - +


- - -



2 2 2
x 2 3(x 2) 3 x 1
ln C.
16 x 3 4(x 4x3 ) 8(x 4x 3)
+ + +
= - + + +
+ + + + +

Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 37
Dang 3: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
n 2 n
( x )dx
I , v i a 0
(ax bx c)
l +m
=
+ +

va n nguyen dng.
PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Phan tch:
b
x (2ax b)
2a 2a
l l
l + m = + + m -
Khi o:
n 2 n 2 n
(2ax b)dx b dx
I ( )
2a 2a (ax bx c) (ax bx c)
l + l
= + m -
+ + + +


a/ Vi
n 2 n
(2ax b)dx
J
2a ((ax bx c)
l +
=
+ +

th:
Neu n = 1, ta c:

2
1 2
(2ax b)dx
J ln ax bx c C.
2a 2a ax bx c
l + l
= = + + +
+ +


Neu n > 1, ta c:

n 2 n 2 n 1
(2ax b)dx 1
J . C.
2a 2a(n 1) (ax bx c) (ax bx c)
-
l + l
= = - +
- + + + +


b/ Vi
n 2 n
dx
K ,
(ax bx c)
=
+ +

ta a biet cach xac nh trong dang 2.


Tong quat hep: Trong pham vi pho thong chung thng gap tch phan bat nh sau:

2
P(x)dx
I , vi a 0
ax bx c
=
+ +

va bac cua P(x) ln hn 1.


Ta thc hien theo cac bc sau:
Bc 1: Thc hien phep chia a thc P(x) cho
2
ax bx c + + ta c:

2 2
2 2
P(x) x
Q(x)
ax bx c ax bx c
2ax b b 1
Q(x) . ( ).
2a 2a ax bx c ax bx c
l + m
= +
+ + + +
l + l
= + + m -
+ + + +

Bc 2: Khi o:
2 2
(2ax b)dx b dx
I Q(x)dx ( ) .
2a 2a ax bx c ax bx c
l + l
= + + m -
+ + + +


Chu y: Tuy nhien trong trng hp
2 2
ax bx c co b 4ac 0 + + D = - >
(ta c hai nghiem x
1
, x
2
), chung ta thc hien phep phan tch:

2
1 2
x 1 A B
.
a x x x x ax bx c
l + m
= +

- - + +


V du 7: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
3 2
2
(2x 10x 16x 1)dx
I
x 5x 6
- + -
=
- +


Giai:
Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 38
Bien oi:
3 2
2 2
2x 10x 16x 1 4x 1 A B
2x 2
x 3 x 2 x 5x 6 x 5x 6
- + - -
= + = + +
- - - + - +

Ta c hang ang thc: 4x 1 A(x 2) B(x 3) (1) - = - + -
e xac nh A, B trong (1) ta co the la chon mot hai cach sau:
Cach 1: Phng phap ong nhat he so
Khai trien ve phai cua (1) va sap xep a thc theo th t bac lui dan, ta co:
4x 1 (A B)x 2A 3B. - = + + -
ong nhat ang thc, ta c:
A B 4 A 11
2A 3B 1 B 7
+ = =


- - = - = -


Cach 2: Phng phap tr so rieng:
Lan lt thay x = 2, x = 3 vao hai ve cua (1) ta c he:
A 11
B 7
=

= -


T o suy ra:
3 2
2
2x 10x 16x 1 11 7
2x .
x 3 x 2 x 5x 6
- + -
= + -
- - - +

Do o:
2
11 7
I 2x dx x 11ln x 3 7ln x 2 C.
x 3 x 2

= + - = + - - - +

- -


Nhan xet: Trong v du tren viec xac nh cac he so A, B bang hai cach co o phc tap
gan giong nhau, tuy nhien vi bai toan ca n phan tch thanh nhieu nhan t th cach 2
thng to ra n gian hn.

Dang 4: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
2
1 1 1
n 2
(a x b x c )dx
I , vi a 0
(x )(ax bx c)
+ +
=
- a + +


PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Ta xet ba kha nang cua D = b
2
4ac
Kha nang 1: Neu D > 0, khi o:
2
1 2
ax bx c a(x x )(x x ) + + = - -
Khi o phan tch:
2
1 1 1
2
1 2
a x b x c A B C
x x x x x (x )(ax bx c)
+ +
= + +
- a - - -a + +

Do o:
1 2
1 2
A B C
I dx Aln x Bln x x Cln x x C
x x x x x

= + + = -a + - + - +

-a - -


Kha nang 2: Neu D = 0, khi o:
2 2
0
ax bx c a(x x ) . + + = -
Khi o phan tch:
2
1 1 1
2 2
0 0
a x b x c A B C
x x x (x )(ax bx c) (x x )
+ +
= + +
- a - -a + + -

Do o:
0 2
0 0 0
A B C C
I dx Aln x Bln x x C.
x x x x x (x x )

= + + = -a + - - +

- a - - -


Kha nang 3: Neu D < 0
Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 39
Khi o phan tch:
2
1 1 1
2 2 2
a x b x c A B(2x b) C
x (x )(ax bx c) ax bx c ax bx c
+ + +
= + +
- a -a + + + + + +

Do o:
2 2
A B(2ax b C
I dx
x ax bx c ax bx c
+
= + +

- a + + + +



2
2
dx
Aln x Bln | ax bx c | C
ax bx c
= - a + + + +
+ +


Trong o tch phan
2
dx
J
ax bx c
=
+ +

c xac nh bang phep oi bien x = tgt vi


t ;
2 2
p p
-


.
Tong qua t: Tnh tch phan bat nh:

2
P(x)dx
I , v i a 0
(x )(ax bx c)
=
-a + +

va bac cua P(x) ln hn 2.


Ta thc hien theo cac bc sau:
Bc 1: Thc hien phep chia a thc P(x) cho
2
(x )(ax bx c) - a + + ta c:
2
1 1 1
2 2
P(x) a x b x c
Q(x)
(x )(ax bx c) (x )(ax bx c)
+ +
= +
-a + + -a + +

Bc 2: Khi o:
2
1 1 1
2
(a x b x c )dx
I Q(x)dx
(x )(ax bx c)
+ +
= +
- a + +


V du 8: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
2
3
(x 2x 2)dx
I
x 1
+ -
=
+


Giai:
Bien oi:
2 2
3 2 2 2
x 2x 2 x 2x 2 A B(2x 1) C
x 1 x 1 (x 1)(x x 1) x x 1 x x 1
+ - + - -
= = + +
+ + + - + - + - +


2
3
(A 2B)x (A B C)x A B C
x 1
+ - - - + - +
=
+

ong nhat ang thc, ta c:
A 2B 1 A 1
A B C 2 B 1
A B C 2 C 0
+ = = -

- + + = =


- + = - =


Khi o:
2
3 2
x 2x 2 1 2x 1
x 1 x 1 x x 1
+ - -
= - +
+ + - +

Do o:
2
2
2
1 2x 1 x x 1
I dx ln | x 1| ln | x x 1| C ln C
x 1 x 1 x x 1
- - +

= - + = - + + - + + = +

+ + - +




Dang 5: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
2 2
dx
I , vi a b
(x a) (x b)
=
+ +


Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 40
PHNG PHAP CHUNG
S dung ong nhat thc:

2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
2
(x a) (x b)
1,
a b
1 (x a) (x b) 1 1 1
(a b)(x a)(x b) x b x a (x a) (x b) (a b)
1 1 2 1
(x a)(x b) (a b) (x b) (x a)
1 1 2 (x a) (x b) 1
.
a b (x b)(x a) (a b) (x b) (x a)
1 1
(a b)
+ - +
=

-

+ - +
= = -

- + + + + + + -


= - +

+ + - - +

+ - -
= - +

- + + - + +

=
-
2 2
2 1 1 1
a b x b x a (x b) (x a)


- - +

- + + + +


ta c:

2 2 2
2
2
1 1 2 1 1 1
I
a b x b x a (a b) (x b) (x a)
1 1 2 1
(ln | x b | ln | x a) | C
x a a b x a (a b)
1 2 x a 2x a b
ln C.
a b x b (x b)(x a) (a b)

= - - +

- + + - + +



= - - + - + - +

+ - + -

+ + +
= - +

- + + + -



V du 9: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
2 2
dx
I
(x 3) (x 1)
=
+ +


Giai:
S dung ong nhat thc:

2 2
2 2
(x 3) (x 1)
1,
2
1 (x 3) (x 1) 1 1 1
2(x 3)(x 1) 4 x 1 x 3 (x 3) (x 1)
+ - +
=


+ - +
= = -

+ + + + + +



2 2 2 2
2 2
1 1 2 1 1 1 (x 3) (x 1) 1
4 (x 1)(x 3) 4 (x 1)(x 3) (x 1) (x 3) (x 1) (x 3)
1 dx dx dx dx
4 x 1 x 3 (x 1) (x 3)
1 1 1 1 x 3 2x 4
ln | x 1| ln | x 3 | C ln C.
4 x 1 x 3 4 x 1 (x 1)(x 3)
+ - +
= - + = - +

+ + + + + + + +


= - + +

+ + + +

+ +
= - - + + + - + = - +

+ + + + +




Dang 6: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
P(x)
I dx
Q(x)
=


Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 41
PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Gia s can xac nh:
P(x)
I
Q(x)
=

bang phng phap he so bat nh.
Ta thc hien theo cac bc sau:
Bc 1: Phan tch Q(x) thanh cac a thc bat kha quy, gia s la:
n m k
Q(x) A (x).B (x).C (x), v i n, m, k N. =
trong o A(x), B(x), C(x) la a thc bac hai hoac bac nhat.
Bc 2: Khi o ta phan tch:

n m k
i i j j t t
n m k
1 2 1 2 1 2
i i j j t j
i 1 j 1 t 1
P(x) E(x)
D(x)
Q(x) A (x).B (x).C (x)
a .A'(x) a b .B'(x) b c .C'(x) c
D(x)
A (x) A (x) B (x) B (x) C (x) C (x)
= = =
= +

= + + + + + +




Xac nh c cac he so
i i j j t t
1 2 1 2 1 2
a , a , b , b , c , c bang phng phap he so bat nh.
Bc 3: Xac nh:

i i j j t t
n m k
1 2 1 2 1 2
i i j j t t
i 1 j 1 t 1
a .A'(x) a b .B'(x) b c .C'(x) c
I D(x)dx
A (x) A (x) B(x) B(x) C (x) C (x)
= = =

= + + + + + +





V du 10: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
3 2
3 2
x 3x x 6
I dx.
x 5x 6x
- + +
=
- +


Giai:
Ta co:

3 2 2 2
3 2 3 2
x 3x x 6 2x 5x 6 2x 5x 6 a b c
1 1 1 .
x(x 2)(x 3) x x 2 x 3 x 5x 6x x 5x 6x
- + + - + - +
= + = + = + + +
- - - - - + - +

Ta c hang ang thc:
2
2x 5x 6 a(x 3)(x 2) bx(x 3) cx(x 2) (1) - + = - - + - + -
e xac nh a, b, c trong (1) ta co the la chon mot trong hai cach sau:
Cach 1: Phng phap ong nhat he so
Khai trien ve phai cua (1) va sap xep a thc theo th t bac lui dan, ta co:
2 2
2x 5x 6 (a b c)x (5a 3b 2c)x 6a - + = + + - + + +
ong nhat ang thc, ta c:
a b c 2 a 1
5a 3b 2c 5 b 2
6a 6 c 3
+ + = =

+ + = = -


= =


Cach 2: Phng phap tr so rieng:
Lan lt thay x = 0, x = 2, x = 3 vao hai ve cua (1) ta c he:
a 1
b 2
c 3
=

= -


Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 42
Khi o:
3 2
3 2
x 3x x 6 1 2 3
1
x x 2 x 3 x 5x 6x
- + +
= + - +
- - - +

Do o:
1 2 3
I 1 dx x ln | x | 2ln | x 2 | 3ln | x 3 | C.
x x 2 x 3

= + - + = + - - + + +

- -


V du 11: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
3
7x 4
I dx.
x 3x 2
-
=
- +


Giai:
Ta co:
3 2 2
7x 4 7x 4 a b c
x 1 x 2 x 3x 2 (x 2)(x 1) (x 1)
- -
= = + +
- + - + + - -


2
2
(b c)x (a b 2c)x 2a 2b c
(x 2)(x 1)
+ + + - + - +
=
- -

Ta c hang ang thc:
2
7x 4 a(x 2) b(x 1)(x 2) c(x 1) (1) - = + + - + + -
e xac nh a, b, c trong (1) ta co the la chon mot trong hai cach sau:
Cach 1: Phng phap ong nhat he so:
Khai trien ve phai cua (1) va sap xep a thc theo th t bac lui dan, ta co:
2
7x 4 (b c)x (a b 2c)x 2a 2b c. - = + + + - + - +
ong nhat ang thc, ta c:
b c 0 a 1
a b 2c 7 b 2
2a 2b c 4 c 2
+ = =

+ - = =


- + = - = -


Cach 2: Phng phap tr so rieng:
Lan lt thay x = 0, x = 2, x = 3 vao hai ve cua (1) ta c he:
a 1
b 2
c 2
=

= -


Khi o:
3 2
7x 4 1 2 2
.
x 1 x 2 x 3x 2 (x 1)
-
= + -
- + - + -

Do o:
2
1 2 2 1
I dx 2ln | x 1| 2ln | x 2 | C.
x 1 x 2 x 1 (x 1)

= + - = - + + - + + +

- + - -


V du 12: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
3 2
4 3
x x 4x 1
I
x x
- - -
=
+


Giai:
Ta co:
3 2 3 2
4 3 3 3 2
x x 4x 1 x x 4x 1 a b c d
x x 1 x x x (x 1) x x
- - - - - -
= = + + +
+ - +

3 2
3
(c d)x (b c)x (a b)x a
x (x 1)
+ + - + + +
=
+

Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 43
ong nhat ang thc, ta c:
c d 1 a 1
b c 1 b 3
a b 4 c 2
a 1 d 1
+ = = -

+ = - = -


+ = - =


= - = -


Khi o:
3 2
4 3 3 2
x x 4x 1 1 3 2 1
.
x x 1 x x x x
- - -
= - - + -
+ +

Do o:
3 2 2
1 3 2 1 1 3
I dx 2ln | x | ln | x 1| C.
x x 1 x x x 2x

= - - + - = + + - + +

+



3. PHNG PHAP OI BIEN
Bai toan 3: Xac nh nguyen ham cac ham hu t bang phng phap oi bien
PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Neu tch phan can xac nh co dang:
k 1 k
k
x .P(x )dx
I .
Q(x )
-
=


Ta thc hien theo cac bc sau:
Bc 1: at t = x
k
, suy ra :
k 1
dt kx dx,
-
=
Khi o:
1
1
1 P (t)dt
I (1)
k Q (t)
=


Trong o P
1
(x), Q
1
(x) la a thc co bac nho hn P(x) va (Q(x).
Bc 2: Tnh tch phan trong (1)
Chu y: Ta nhan thay s m rong t nhien vi dang:
'(x).P[ (x)]dx
I
Q[ (x)]
j j
=
j


trong o j(x) la mot a thc bac k cua x.
Khi o at t = j(x).
V du 13: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
3
8 2
x dx
I .
(x 4)
=
-


Giai:
at t = x
4

Suy ra:
3
3
8 2 2 2
x dx 1 dt
dt 4x dx & .
4 (x 4) (t 4)
= =
- -

Khi o:
2 2
1 dt
I
4 (t 4)
=
-


S dung ong nhat thc:
2
1
1 [(t 2) (t 2)]
16
= + - -
Ta c:
2
2 2 2 2 2
1 [(t 2) (t 2)] 1 1 2 1
I dt dt
64 64 (t 4) (t 2) t 4 (t 2)
+ - -
= = - +

- - - +



Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 44

4 4
2 8 4
1 1 1 t 2 1
ln C
64 t 2 2 t 2 t 2
1 2t 1 t 2 1 2x 1 x 2
ln C ln C
64 2 t 2 64 2 t 4 x 4 x 2
-
= - - - +

- + +


- -
= - - + = - - +



+ - - +



V du 14: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
4 3 2
(2x 1)dx
I
x 2x 3x 2x 3
+
=
+ + + -


Giai:
Bien oi I ve dang:
2 2
(2x 1)dx
I
(x x 1) 4
+
=
+ + -


at
2
t x x 1 = + + . Suy ra:
2 2 2
(2x 1)dx dt
dt (2x 1)dx & .
(x x 1) 4 t 4
+
= + =
+ + - -

Khi o:
2
2 2
dt t 2 x x 1
I ln C ln C.
t 2 t 4 x x 3
- + -
= = + = +
+ - + +


V du 15: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
2
4
x 1
I dx.
x 1
-
=
+


Giai:
Bien oi I ve dang:
2 2
2
2
2
1 1
1 1
x x
I dx dx.
1
1
x
x 2
x
x
- -
= =

+
+ -




at
1
t x .
x
= + Suy ra:
2
2 2 2
1
1
1 dt
x
dt 1 dx &
x t 2
1
x
x
-

= - =

-


+



Khi o:
2
1
x 2
dt 1 t 2 1
x
I ln C ln C
1
t 2 2 2 t 2 2 2
x 1
x
+ -
-
= = + = +
- +
+ +



2
2
1 x x 2 1
ln C.
2 2 x x 2 1
- +
= +
+ +

4. S DUNG PHNG PHAP TCH PHAN TNG PHAN
Phng phap nay cho du t c s dung o i vi ca c ham so hu t, tuy nhien trong
nhng trng hp rieng no lai to ra kha hie u qua.
Bai toan 4: Xac nh nguyen ham cac ham hu t bang phng phap tch phan tng
phan
PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 45
Neu tch phan can xac nh co dang:
n
P(x)Q'(x)dx
I
Q (x)
=


Ta thc hien theo cac bc sau:
Bc 1: at
n
u P(x)
du
Q'(x)dx
dv v
Q (x)
=



=


Bc 2: Khi o: I uv vdu. = -


V du 16: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
4
2 3
x dx
I
(x 1)
=
-


Giai:
Bien oi I ve dang:
3
2 3
x .xdx
I
(x 1)
=
-


at :
3 2
2 3 2 3
u x du 3x dx
xdx 1
dv v
(x 1) 4(x 1)
= =


= =

- -


Khi o:
3 2
2 3 2 2
x 3 x dx
I (1)
4 4(x 1) (x 1)
= +
- -


Xet tch phan:

2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2
x dx 1 [(x 1) (x 1)] dx 1 1 2 1
J dx
4 4 (x 1) (x 1) (x 2) x 1 (x 1)
1 1 x 1 1 1 x 1 2x
ln C ln C (2)
4 x 1 x 1 x 1 4 x 1 x 1
+ + -
= = = + +

- - - - +

- -
= - + - + = - +

- + + + -



Thay (2) vao (1), ta c:
3
2 3 2
x 3 x 1 2x
I ln C.
16 x 1 4(x 1) x 1
-
= - + - +

+ - -


Chu y: e xac nh tch phan J chung ta cung co the tiep tuc s dung tch phan tng phan
nh sau:
at:
2 2 2
u x du dx
xdx 1
dv v
(x 1) 2(x 1)
= =


= = -

- -


Khi o:
2 2 2
x 1 dx x 1 x 1
J ln .
2 4 x 1 2(x 1) x 1 2(x 1)
-
= - + = - +
+ - - -


5. S DUNG CAC PHNG PHAP KHAC NHAU
Trong phan nay chung ta se i xem xet mot vai bai toan c giai bang cac phng
phap khac nhau va muc ch quan trong nha t la can hoc c phng phap suy luan
qua moi v du.
Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 46
V du 17: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
2
4 2
x 3
I dx.
x(x 3x 2)
-
=
+ +


Giai:
at
2
t x = . Suy ra:
3 2 8
t 3
dt 2xdx & x (2 3x ) dx dt.
t(t 1)(t 2)
-
= - =
+ +

Khi o:
t 3
I dt
t(t 1)(t 2)
-
=
- +


Ta co:
2
t 3 a b c (a b c)t (2a 2b c)t 2a
t(t 1)(t 2) t t 1 t 2 t(t 1)(t 2)
- + + + + + +
= + + =
+ - + + + +

ong nhat ang thc, ta c:
a b c 0 a 3/ 2
3a 2b c 1 b 4
2a 3 c 5/ 2
+ + = = -

+ + = =


= - = -


Khi o:
t 3 3 1 4 5 1
t(t 1)(t 2) 2 t t 1 2 t 2
-
= - + -
+ + + +

Do o:
3 1 4 5 1 3 5
I dt ln t 4ln | t 1| ln | t 2 | C
2 t t 1 2 t 2 2 2

= - + - = - + + - + +

+ +



2 2 2
3 5
ln(x ) 4ln(x 1) ln(x 2) C.
2 2
=- + + - + +
V du 18: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
6 2
dx
I .
t(x 1)
=
+


Giai:
at
3
t x = . Suy ra:
2
6 2 2 2
dx 1 dt
dt 3x dx & .
3 x(x 1) t(t 1)
= =
+ +

Khi o:
2 2
1 dt
I
3 t(t 1)
=
+


Ta co:
4 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 a bt ct (a b)t (2a b c)t a
t t(t 1) t 1 (t 1) t(t 1)
+ + + + +
= + + =
+ + + +

ong nhat, ta c:
a b 0 a 1
2a b c 0 b 1
a 1 c 1
+ = =

+ + = = -


= = -


2 2 2 2 2
dt 1 t t
.
t t(t 1) t 1 (t 1)
= - -
+ + +

Do o:
2
2 2 2 2
1 t t 1 1 1
I dt ln | t | ln | t 1| . C
t 2 2 t 1 (t 1) t 1

= - - = - + + +

+ + +



2 6
2 2 6 6
1 t 1 1 x 1
(ln ) C (ln ) C.
2 2 t 1 t 1 x 1 x 1
= + + = + +
+ + + +

Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 47
V du 19: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
4
4
1 x
I dx.
x(1 x )
-
=
+


Giai:
at
4
t x = . Suy ra:
4
3
4
1 x 1 1 t
dt 4x dx & .
4 t(1 t) x(1 x )
- -
= =
+ +

Khi o:
1 1 t
I dt
4 t(1 t)
-
=
+


Ta co:
2 2
1 t a b (a b)t a
t(1 t) t t 1 t(t 1)
- + +
= + =
+ + +

ong nhat ang thc, ta c:
a b 1 a 1
a 1 b 2
+ = - =


= = -


1 t 1 2
t(1 t) t t 1
-
= -
+ +

Do o:
4
2 4 2
1 2 | t | x
I dt ln | t | 2ln | t 1| C ln C ln C.
t t 1 (t 1) (x 1)

= - = - + + = + = +

+ + +


V du 20: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
3
3 4
(x 1)dx
I
x(x 4)(x 4x 1)
-
=
- - +

.
Giai:
Bien oi I ve dang:
3
4 4
(x 1)dx
I
(x 4x)(x 4x 1)
-
=
- - +


S dung ong nhat thc:
4 4
1 (x 4x 1)( (x 4x) = - + - -
Ta c:
4 4 3 3 3
4 4 4 4
[(x 4x 1) (x 4x)](x 1)dx (x 1)dx (x 1)dx
I
(x 4x)(x 4x 1) x 4x x 4x 1
- + - - - - -
= = -
- - + - - +



4
4 4
4
1 1 x 4x
(ln | x 4x | l n | x 4x 1|) C ln C.
4 4 x 4x 1
-
= - - - + + = +
- +

V du 21: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
2
4 3 2
x 1
I dx.
x 2x x 2x 1
-
=
+ - + +


Giai:
Chia ca t va mau cua bieu thc di dau tch phan cho
2
x 0, ta c:

2
2 2
2
2
1 1
1
d x d x 1
1
x x
x
I dx
2 1
1 1 1
x 2x 1
x 2 x 3 x 1 4
x x
x x x

+ + +
-

= = =

+ - + +
+ + + - + + -





2
2
1
x 1 2
1 1 x x 1
x
ln C ln C.
1
4 4 x 3x 1
x 1 2
x
+ + -
- +
= + = +
+ +
+ + +

Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 48
BAI TAP
Bai 20. Tnh tch phan sau:
a/
2
dx
;
4x 8x 3 + +

b/
2
dx
;
x 7x 10 - +

c/
2
dx
.
3x 2x 1 - -


S: a/
1 2x 1
ln C;
4 2x 3
+
+
+
b/
1 x 5
ln C;
3 x 2
-
+
-
c/
1 3x 3
ln C.
4 3x 1
+
+
+

Bai 21. Tnh cac tch phan sau:
a/
2
2x 7
dx;
x 3x 2
-
- +

b/
2
5x 7
dx;
x 3x 2
-
- +

c/
2
2x 7
dx;
x 5x 6
+
+ +

d/
2
2x 5
dx;
9x 6x 1
+
- +


S: a/ 5ln x 1 3ln x 2 C; - - - + b/
9 x 1
5ln x 1 ln C;
2 x 1
-
+ - +
+

c/ 3ln x 2 ln x 3 C; + - + + d/
2 17 1
ln 3x 1 . C.
9 9 3x 1

- - +

-

Bai 22. Tnh cac tch phan sau:
a/
xdx
;
(x 1)(2x 1) + +

b/
2
2
2x 41x 91
dx;
(x 1)(x x 12)
+ -
- - -

c/
3 2
dx
;
6x 7x 3x - -


d/
3
3
x 1
dx;
4x x
-
-

e/
3
2
(x 3x 2)dx
;
x(x 2x 1)
- +
+ +

f/
2
2
(x 2) dx
.
x(x 2x 1)
+
- +


S: a/
1 1
ln x 1 ln x C;
2 2
+ - + + b/ 4ln x 1 5ln x 4 7ln x 3 C; - + - + + +
c/
1 2 3 3 1
ln x ln x ln x C;
3 33 2 11 3
- + - + + +
d/
1 7 1 9 1
x ln x ln x ln x C;
4 16 2 16 2
+ - - - + +
e/
4
x 2ln x 4ln x 1 C;
x 1
+ + - +
+
f/
9
4ln x 2ln x 1 C.
x 1
- - - +
-

Bai 23. Tnh cac tch phan sau:
a/
4 2
xdx
;
x 3x 2 - +

b/
7
4 2
x dx
;
(x 1) +

c/
4 2
xdx
;
x 2x 1 - -

d/
5
6 3
x dx
;
x x 2 - -

e/
2
2dx
;
x(x 1) +


f/
5
6 3
x dx
;
x x 2 - -

g/
10 2
dx
;
x(x 1) +

h/
2
4
x 1
dx;
x 1
-
+

i/
3
2 2
x
dx;
(x 1) +

k/
2
10
x dx
.
(1 x) -


S: a/
2
2
1 x 2
ln C;
2 x 1
-
+
-
b/
4
4
1 1
ln x 1 C;
4 x 1

- + +

+

c/
2
2
1 x (1 2)
ln C;
4 2 x (1 2)
- +
+
- -
d/
3
6 3
3
1 1 x 2
ln x x 2 ln C;
6 18 x 1
-
- - + +
+

Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 49
e/
2
2
x
ln C;
x 1
+
+
f/
2
2
1 x
ln C;
8 x 4
+
+

g/
10
10 10
1 x 9
ln C;
9 x 1 x 1

+ +

+ +
h/
1
x 2
1
x
ln C;
1
2 2
x 2
x

+ -

+

+ +


i/
2
2
1 1
ln(x 1) C;
2 x 1

+ + +

+
k/
7 8 9
1 1 1
C.
7(x 1) 4(x 1) 9(x 1)
- - - +
- - -

Bai 24. Cho ham so
2
2
2x 2x 5
f(x)
x 3x 2
+ +
=
- +

a/ Tm m, n, p e
2
m n p
f(x)
(x 1) x 1 x 2
= + +
- - +

b/ Tm ho nguyen ham cua f(x) (HTM_1994)
S: a/ m 3; n 1; p 1. = = = b/
3
ln (x 1)(x 2) C.
x 1
- + - +
-

Bai 25. Tm ho nguyen ham cua cac ham so:
a/
4
3
x 2
f(x) ;
x x
-
=
-
b/
2
2
1 x 1
ln C.
2 x
-
+ (HTM_1994)
S: a/
2 2
1 1
x 2ln x ln x 1 C;
2 2
+ - - + b/
2
2
1 x 1
ln C.
2 x
-
+
Bai 26. Cho ham so
2
3
3x 3x 3
y
x 3x 2
+ +
=
- +
.
a/ Xac nh cac hang so a, b, c e
2
a b c
y .
(x 1) x 1 x 2
= + +
- - -

b/ Tm ho nguyen ham cua y (HQGHa Noi_1995)
S: a/ a = 3; b = 2; c = 1. b/
3
2ln x 1 ln x 2 C.
x 1
- + - + + +
-

Bai 27. Tm ho nguyen ham cua ham so:
a/
2001
2 1002
x
f(x)
(1 x )
=
+
b/
1999
1
f(x)
x(x 2000)
=
+

c/
2
2 2
x 1
f(x)
(x 5x 1)(x 3x 1)
-
=
+ + - +

S: a/
1001
2
2
1 x
C;
2002 1 x

+

+
b/
1999
1999
1 x
ln C;
1999 2000 x 2000
+
- +

c/
2
2
1 x 3x 1
ln C.
8 x 5x 1
- +
+
- +

Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 50

Von de 8: 000IE0 hkN 0k0 hkN l0000 0Ik0

e xac nh nguyen ham cac ham lng giac ta can linh hoat la chon mot trong cac
phng phap c ban sau:
1. S dung cac dang nguyen ham c ban.
2. S dung cac phep bien oi lng giac a ve cac nguyen ham c ban.
3. Phng phap oi bien.
4. Phng phap tch phan tng phan.

1. S DUNG CAC DANG NGUYEN HAM C BAN
Bai toan 1: Xa c nh nguyen ham cac ha m lng giac bang vie c s du ng cac dang
nguye n ham c ban.

Dang 1: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
dx
I
sin(x a)sin(x b)
=
+ +



PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Ta thc hien theo cac bc sau:
Bc 1: S dung ong nhat thc:

sin(a b) sin[(x a) (x b)
1
sin(a b) sin(a b)
- + - +
= =
- -

Bc 2: Ta c:

dx 1 sin[(x a) (x b)]
I dx dx
sin(x a)sin(x b) sin(a b) sin(x a)sin(x b)
+ - -
= =
+ + - + +



1 sin(x a). cos(x b) cos(x a).sin(x b)
dx
sin(a b) sin(x a)sin(x b)
1 cos(x b) cos(x a)
dx dx
sin(a b) sin(x b) sin(x a)
1
[ln | sin(x b)} ln | sin(x a) |] C
sin(a b)
1 sin(x b)
ln C.
sin(a b) sin(x a)
+ + - + +
=
- + +
+ +
= -

- + +

= + - + +
-
+
= +
- +



Chu y: Phng phap tren cung c ap dung cho cac dang tch phan sau:
1.
dx
I
cos(x a) cos(x b)
=
+ +

, s dung ong nhat thc


sin(a b)
1 .
sin(a b)
-
=
-

2.
dx
I
sin(x a) cos(x b)
=
+ +

, s dung ong nhat thc


cos(a b)
1 .
cos(a b)
-
=
-

Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 51
V du 1: Tm ho nguyen ham cua ham so
1
f(x)
sinx. cos x
4
=
p
+


.
Giai:
Cach 1: S dung phng phap trong dang toan c ban
S dung ong nhat thc:
cos x x
cos
4
4
1 2 cos x x .
4 2
cos
4
2
p
p
+ -


p
= = = + -

p



Ta c:
cos x x cos x cosx sin x sinx
4 4 4
F(x) 2 dx 2
sinx.cos x sinx.cos x
4 4
p p p
+ - + + +


= =
p p

+ +





sin x
cosx 4
2 dx dx
sinx
cos x
4
sinx
2 ln | sinx | ln cos x C 2 ln C
4
cos x
4
p
+



= +
p


+




p
= - + + = +

p


+




Cach 2: Da tren ac thu cua ham f(x)
Ta co:
2
dx dx
F(x) 2 2
sinx.(cosx sinx) sin x(cot gx 1)
= =
- -



d(cot gx) d(cot gx 1)
2 2 2 ln cot gx 1 C.
cot gx 1 cot gx 1
-
= - = - = - - +
- -



Dang 2: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
dx
I
sinx sin
=
+ a


PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Ta thc hien theo cac bc sau:
Bc 1: Bien oi I ve dang:
dx 1 dx
I (1)
x x
sinx sin 2
sin . cos
2 2
= =
+ a - a
+ a


Bc 2: Ap dung bai toan 1 e giai (1).
Chu y: Phng phap tren cung c ap dung cho cac dang tch phan sau:
1.
dx
I , v i | m| 1
sinx m
=
+


2.
dx dx
I va I , v i | m| 1
cos x cos cosx m
= =
+ a +

.
Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 52
V du 2: Tm ho nguyen ham cua ham so
1
f(x)
2sinx 1
=
+
.
Giai:
Bien oi f(x) ve dang:
1 1 1 1 1
f(x) . . (1)
6x 6x 1 2 4
sinx sin sin . cos 2 sinx
6 12 12 2
= = =
p + p - p

+ +



S dung ong nhat thc:
6x 6x
cos cos
2 6x 6x
12 12 6
1 cos
12 12 3 3
cos
6
2
+ p - p p
-

+ p - p

= = = -

p


Ta c:
3x 6x
cos
1
12 12
F(x)
6 6x
2 3
sin . cos
12 12
+ p - p
-


=
+ p - p



6x 6x 6x 6x
cos . cos sin .sin
1
12 12 12 12
6x 6x
2 3
sin . cos
12 12
6x 6x
cos sin
1
12 12
dx dx
6x 6x
2 3
sin cos
12 12
6x
sin
1 6x 6x 1
12
ln sin ln cos C ln C.
6x
12 12 2 3 3
cos
12
+ p - p + p - p
+
=
+ p - p
+ p - p


= +

+ p - p


+ p
+ p + p
= - + = +

- p




Dang 3: Tnh tch phan bat nh: I tgx.tg(x )dx. = + a


PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Ta thc hien theo cac bc sau:
Bc 1: Bien oi I ve dang:

sinx.sin(x )
I tgx.tg(x )dx dx
cos x. cos(x )
cosx. cos(x ) sinx.sin(x )
1 dx
cosx. cos(x )
cos dx dx
dx cos x (1)
cosx. cos(x ) cosx. cos(x )
+ a
= + a =
+ a
+ a + + a
= -

+ a

a
= - = a -
+ a + a



Bc 2: Ap dung bai toan 1 e giai (1).
Chu y: Phng phap tren cung c ap dung cho cac dang tch phan sau:
Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 53
1. I tg(x ).cot g(x )dx. = + a +b


2. I cot g(x ). cot g(x )dx. = + a +b


V du 3: Tm ho nguyen ham cua ham so f(x) tgx.tg x
4
p
= +


.
Giai:
Bien oi f(x) ve dang:
sinx.sin x cosx. cos x sinx.sin x
4 4 4
f(x) 1
cos x. cos x cosx. cos x
4 4
p p p

+ + + +


= = -
p p

+ +




cos
2 1
4
1 . 1.
2
cosx. cos x cos x. cos x
4 4
p
= - = -
p p
+ +



Khi o:
2 dx 2 dx
F(x) dx x (1)
2 2
cosx. cos x cos x.cos x
4 4
= - = - +
p p
+ +




e i xac nh :
dx
J
cosx. cos x
4
=
p
+

ta la chon mot trong hai cach sau:


Cach 1: S dung phng phap trong dang toan c ban.
S dung ong nhat thc:
sin x x
sin
4
4
1 2 sin x x
4 2
sin
4
2
p p
+ -


p

= = = + -


p


Ta c:

sin x x
sin x cosx cos x sinx
4 4 4
J 2 dx 2 dx
cosx. cos x cosx. cos x
4 4
sin x
sinx
4
2 dx dx 2 ln cosx x ln cosx C
cosx 4
cos x
4
cosx
2 ln
p p p

+ -
+ - +


= =
p p
+ +


p
+


p


= - = - + + +


p


+



=


C 2 ln 1 tgx C.
cos x
4
+ = - - +
p

+



Cach 2: Da tren ac thu cua ham di dau tch phan
Ta co:
2
dx dx
J 2 2
cosx.(cosx sinx) cos x(1 tgx)
= =
- -


Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 54

d(tgx) d(1 tgx)
2 2 2 ln 1 tgx C
1 tgx 1 tgx
-
= = - = - - +
- -


Vay ta c: F(x) x ln 1 tgx C. = - - - +

Dang 4: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
dx
I
asinx bcos x
=
+


PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Ta co the la chon hai cach bien oi:
Cach 1: Ta co:

2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2
2 2
1 dx 1 dx
I
x x
sin(x )
a b a b
2sin cos
2 2
x
d tg
1 dx 1
2
x x x
a b a b
2tg cos tg
2 2 2
1 x
ln tg C.
2
a b
= =
+ a + a
+ a
+ +
+ a


= =
+ a + a + a
+ +
+ a
= +
+



Cach 2: Ta co:

2
2 2 2 2
2
2 2 2 2
1 dx 1 sin(x )dx
I
sin(x ) sin (x )
a b a b
1 d[cos(x )] 1 cos(x ) 1
ln C.
cos(x ) 1 cos (x ) 1
a b 2 a b
+ a
= =
+ a + a
+ +
+ a + a -
= - = - +
+ a + + a -
+ +


Chu y: Chung ta cung co the thc hien bang phng phap ai so hoa vi viec oi bien:
x
t tg .
2
=
V du 4: Tm ho nguyen ham cua ham so
2
f(x)
3sinx cosx
=
+
.
Giai:
Ta co:
2dx dx dx
F(x)
x x
3sinx cosx
sin x 2sin cos
6 2 12 2 12
= = =
p p p +
+ + +





2
x
d tg
dx x
2 12
ln tg C.
x x x 2 12
2tg cos tg
2 12 2 12 2 12
p
+


p


= = = + +
p p p
+ + +




Dang 5: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
1 1
2 2
a sinx b cosx
I dx.
a sinx b cosx
+
=
+


PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Ta thc hien theo cac bc sau:
Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 55
Bc 1: Bien oi :
1 1 2 2 2 2
a sinx b cosx A(a sinx b cos x) B(a cosx b sinx) + = + + -
Bc 2: Khi o:

2 2 2 2
2 2
A(a sinx b cosx) B(a cosx b sinx)
I dx
a sinx b cosx
+ + -
=
+



2 2
2 2
2 2
a cosx b sinx
A dx B dx Ax Bln a sinx b cosx C
a sinx b cosx
-
= + = + + +
+


V du 5: Tm ho nguyen ham cua ham so
4sinx 3cos x
f(x)
sinx 2cos x
+
=
+
.
Giai:
Bien oi: 4sinx 3cos x a(sinx 2cos x) b(cosx 2sinx) + = + + -
(a 2b)sinx (2a b) cosx = - + +
ong nhat ang thc, ta c:
a 2b 4 a 2
2a b 3 b 1
- = =


+ = = -


Khi o:
2(sinx 2cosx) (cosx 2sinx) cosx 2sinx
f(x) 2 .
sinx 2cosx sinx 2cos x
+ - - -
= = -
+ +

Do o:
cosx 2sinx d(sinx 2cosx)
F(x) 2 dx 2 dx
sinx 2cosx sinx 2cosx
- +
= - = -

+ +


2x ln sinx 2cosx C = - + +
Dang 6: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
1 1
2
2 2
a sinx b cosx
I dx
(a sinx b cosx)
+
=
+


PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Ta thc hien theo cac bc sau:
Bc 1: Bien oi :
1 1 2 2 2 2
a sinx b cosx A(a sinx b cosx) B(a cosx b sinx) + = + + -
Bc 2: Khi o:

2 2 2 2
2
2 2
A(a sinx b cosx) B(a cosx b sinx)
I dx
(a sinx b cosx)
+ + -
=
+



2 2
2
2 2 2 2
dx a cosx b sinx
A B dx
a sinx b cosx (a sinx b cosx)
-
= +
+ +



2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
A dx B
sin(x ) a sinx b cosx
a b
A x B
ln | tg | C
2 a sinx b cosx
a b
= -
+ a +
+
+ a
= - +
+
+


Trong o
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
b a
sin va cos
a b a b
a = a =
+ +

Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 56
V du 6: Tm ho nguyen ham cua ham so
8cos x
f(x)
2 3sin2x cos2x
=
+ -
.
Giai:
Bien oi:
2 2 2
8cosx 8cosx
f(x)
3sin x 2 3sinxcos x cos x ( 3sinx cosx)
= =
+ + +

Gia s: 8cosx a( 3sinx cosx) b( 3cosx sinx) (a 3 b)sinx (a b 3)cosx = + + - = - + +
ong nhat ang thc, ta c:
a 2
a 3 b 0
b 2 3
a b 3
= - =


=
+ =


Khi o:
2 2 3( 3 cos x sinx)
f(x)
3sinx csx ( 3sinx cosx)
-
= -
+ +

Do o:
2
2dx d( 3sinx cosx)
F(x) 2 3
3sinx cosx ( 3sinx cosx)
+
= -
+ +



1 x 2 3
ln tg C.
2 2 12 3sinx cos x
p
= + - +

+

Chu y: Trong li giai tren ta a tan dung ket qua trong v du 4 la:

2dx 1 x
ln tg C
2 2 12 3sinx cosx
p
= + +

+


Dang 7: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
dx
I
asinx bcos x c
=
+ +


PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Ta xet 3 kha nang sau:
1. Neu
2 2
c a b = +
Ta thc hien phep bien oi:
2
1 1 1 1
.
x
asinx bcosx c c[1 cos(x )] 2c
cos
2
= =
- a
+ + + - a

trong o
2 2 2 2
a b
sin va cos
a b a b
a = a =
+ +

Khi o:
2 2
x
d
1 dx 1 1 x
2
I tg C.
x x
2c c 2 2
cos cos
2 2
-a

-a

= = = +
-a -a


2. Neu
2 2
c a b = - +
Ta thc hien phep bien oi:
Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 57
2
1 1 1 1
.
x
asinx bcosx c c[1 cos(x )] 2c
sin
2
= =
-a
+ + - - a

trong o
2 2 2 2
a b
sin va cos
a b a b
a = a =
+ +

Khi o:
2 2
x
d
1 dx 1 1 x
2
I cot g C.
x x
2c c c 2
sin sin
2 2
-a

- a

= = = +
-a -a


3. Neu
2 2 2
c a b +
Ta thc hien phep oi bien
x
t tg .
2
=
Khi o:
2
2 2 2
2dt 2t 1 t
dx , sinx & cosx .
1 t 1 t 1 t
-
= = =
+ + +

V du 7: Tnh tch phan bat nh
2dx
I
2sinx cosx 1
=
- +

.
Giai:
at:
x
t tg ,
2
= ta c:
2 2
2
2
1 1 1 x 1 2dt
dt . dx 1 tg dx (1 t )dx dx
x
2 2 2 2 1 t
cos
2

= = + = + =

+

Khi o:
2
2 2 2
2 2
4dt x
tg 1
2dt d(t 1) t 1
1 t 2
I 2 ln C ln C
x
t 1 4t 1 t t 2t (t 1) 1
tg 1
1
2
1 t 1 t
-
+ -
+
= = = = + = +
+ - + + -
+
- +
+ +



x
ln tg C.
2 4
p
= - +




Dang 8: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
1 1 1
1 2 2
a sinx b cosx c
I dx.
a sinx b cosx c
+ +
=
+ +


PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Ta thc hien theo cac bc sau:
Bc 1: Bien oi:
1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2
a sinx b cosx c A(a sinx b cosx c ) B(a cos x b sinx) C + + = + + + - +
Bc 2: Khi o:

2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
A(a sinx b cos x c ) B(a cosx b sinx) C
I
a sinx b cosx c
a cosx b sinx dx
A dx B dx C
a sinx b cosx c a sinx b cosx c
+ + + - +
=
+ +
-
= + +
+ + + +



Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 58

2 2 2
2 2 2
dx
Ax Bln a sinx b cosx c C
a sinx b cosx c
= + + + +
+ +


trong o
2 2 2
dx
a sinx b cosx c + +

c xac nh nh dang 4.
V du 8: Tm ho nguyen ham cua ham so
5sinx
f(x) .
2sinx cosx 1
=
- +
.
Giai:
Gia s: 5sinx = a(2sinx cosx + 1) + b(2cosx + sinx) + c
= (2a + b)sinx + (2b a)cosx + a + c.
ong nhat ang thc, ta c:
2a b 5 a 2
2b a 0 b 1
a c 0 c 2
+ = =

- = =


+ = = -


Khi o:
2(2sinx cos x 1) (2cosx sinx) 2
f(x)
2sinx cosx 1
- + + + -
=
- +


2cosx sinx 2
2
2sinx cosx 1 2sinx cosx 1
+
= + -
- + - +

Do o:
2cosx sinx 2
F(x) 2dx dx dx
2sinx cosx 1 2sinx cosx 1
+
= + -
- + - +



d(2sinx cos x 1) 2dx
2 dx
2sinx cosx 1 2sinx cosx 1
x
2x ln | 2sinx cosx 1| ln tg C.
2 2
- +
= + -
- + - +
p

= + - + - - +




Chu y: Trong li giai tren ta a tan dung ket qua trong v du 7 la:
2dx x
ln tg C.
2sinx cosx 1 2 4
p
= - +

- +


Dang 9: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
2 2
1 1 1
2 2
a sin x b sinxcosx c cos x
I dx.
a sinx b cosx
+ +
=
+


PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Ta thc hien theo cac bc sau:
Bc 1: Bien oi:
2 2
1 1 1
a sin x b sinx. cosx c cos x + +
2 2
2 2
(Asinx Bcosx)(a sinx b cosx) C(sin x cos x) = + + + +
Bc 2: Khi o:

2 2
2 2
2 2
(Asinx Bcosx)(a sinx b cos x) C
I dx
a sinx b cosx
dx
(Asinx Bcosx)dx C
a sinx b cosx
+ + +
=
+
= + +
+



Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 59

2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
C dx
Acosx Bsinx
sin(x )
a b
C x
Acosx Bsinx ln | tg | C
1
a b
=- + +
+ a
+
+ a
= - + + +
+


trong o
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
b a
sin va cos
a b a b
a = a =
+ +
.
V du 9: Tm ho nguyen ham cua ham so
2
4sin x 1
f(x)
3sinx cosx
+
=
+
.
Giai:
Gia s:
2 2 2 2 2
4sin x 1 5sin x cos x (asinx bcosx)( 3sinx cosx) c(sin x cos x) + = + = + + + +
2 2
(a 3 c)sin x (a b 3)sinx. cosx (b c) cos x. = + + + + +
ong nhat ang thc, ta c:
a 3 c 5
a 3
a b 3 0 b 1
b c 1 c 2

+ =
=


+ = = -


+ = =


Do o:
2dx
F(x) ( 3sinx cosx)dx
3sinx cosx
= - -
+



1 x
3 cosx sinx ln tg C.
2 2 12
p
= - - - + +



Chu y: Trong li giai tren ta a tan dung ket qua trong v du 4 la:
2dx 1 x
ln tg C.
2 2 12 3sinx cosx
p
= + +

+


Dang 10: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
2 2
dx
I .
asin x bsinxcosx ccos x
=
+ +


PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Ta thc hien theo cac bc sau:
Bc 1: Bien oi I ve dang:
2 2
dx
I
(atg x btgx c) cos x
=
+ +


Bc 2: Thc hien phep oi bien: t = tgx
Suy ra:
2 2 2 2
1 dx dt
dt dx &
cos x (atg x btgx c) cos x at bt c
= =
+ + + +

Khi o:
2
dt
I .
at bt c
=
+ +


V du 10: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
2 2
dx
I
3sin x 2sinxcosx cos x
=
- -


Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 60
Giai:
S dung ang thc:
2
dx
d(tgx)
cos x
=
Ta co:
2 2 2 2
1
d tgx
dx 1 d(tgx) 1
3
I
3 3 (3tg x 2tgx 1) cos x
1 4 1 4
tgx tgx
3 9 3 9

-


= = =
- -

- - - -





1 2
tgx
1 1 tgx 1 1 sinx cosx
3 3
ln C ln C ln C.
1 2
4 4 3tgx 1 4 3sinx cos x
tgx
3 3
- -
- -
= + = + = +
+ +
- +


2. S DUNG CAC PHEP BIEN OI LNG GIAC A VE CAC NGUYEN HAM C
BAN
Bai toan 2: Xac nh nguyen ham ca c ha m lng giac s dung cac phep bie n oi
lng giac
PHNG PHAP CHUNG
S dung cac phep bien oi lng giac a bieu thc di dau tch phan ve dang quen
thuoc. Cac phep bien oi thng dung bao gom:
Phep bien oi tch thanh tong (chung ta a thay trong phng phap phan tch)
Ha bac
Cac ky thuat bien oi khac.
Chung ta se lan lt xem xet cac v du mau.

2.1. S dung phep bien oi tch thanh tong:
ay chung ta nh lai cac cong thc sau:
a/
1
cosx.cosy [cos(x y) cos(x y)]
2
= + + - c/
1
sinx.cosy [sin(x y) sin(x y)]
2
= + + -
b/
1
sinx.siny [cos(x y) cos(x y)]
2
= - - + d/
1
cosx.siny [sin(x y) sin(x y)]
2
= + - -

V du 11: Tm ho nguyen ham cua ham so f(x) cos3x. cos5x. = (HAN97)
Giai:
S dung cac phep bien oi tch thanh tong, ta c:
1
f(x) (cos8x cos2x)
2
= +
Khi o:
1 1 1 1
F(x) (cos8x cos2x)dx sin8x sin2x C.
2 2 8 2

= + = + +


Chu y: Neu ham f(x) la tch cua nhieu hn 2 ham so lng giac ta thc hien phep bien
oi dan, cu the ta i xem xet v du sau:
Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 61
V du 12: Tm ho nguyen ham cua ham so f(x) tgxtg x tg x
3 3
p p
= - +



Giai:
Ta co:
sinx.sin x .sin x
3 3
f(x) (1)
cosx. cos x .cos x
3 3
p p
- +


=
p p

- +



S dung cac phep bien oi tch thanh tong, ta c:

1 2
sinx.sin x .sin x sinx cos2x cos
3 3 2 3
p p p
- + = -



1 2
cosx. cos x . cos x cos cos cos2x
3 3 2 3
p p p
- + = +




1 1 1 1 1
cosx cos2x.cosx cosx (cos3x cosx) cos3x.
4 2 4 4 4
= - + = - + + =
Suy ra: f(x) = tg3x
Khi o:
1 1 sin3x 1 d(cos3x) 1
F(x) tg3xdx dx ln cos3x C.
4 4 cos3x 12 cos3x 12
= = = - = - +


2.2. S dung phep ha bac:
ay chung ta nh lai cac cong thc sau:
a/
2
1 cos2x
sin x
2
-
= c/
3
3sinx sin3x
sin x
4
-
=
b/
2
1 cosx
cos x
2
+
= d/
3
3cosx cos3x
cos x
4
+
=
c s dung trong cac phep ha bac mang tnh cuc bo, con hang ang thc:
2 2
sin x cos x 1. + =
c s dung trong cac phep ha bac mang tnh toan cuc cho cac bieu thc, v du nh:
4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1
sin x cos x (sin x cos x) 2sin x. cos x 1 sin 2x 1 (1 cos 4x)
2 4
1 3
cos 4x
4 4
+ = + - = - = - -
= +


6 6 2 2 3 2 2 2
3
sin x cos x (sin x cos x) 3sin x cos x) 1 sin 2x
4
3 3 5
1 (1 cos4x) cos4x .
8 8 8
+ = + - + = -
= - - = +


V du 13: (HVQHQT_98): Tm ho nguyen ham cua ham so :
a/
3
f(x) sin x.si n3x =
b/
3 3
f(x) sin x. cos3x cos x.sin3x. = +
Giai:
Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 62
a/ Bien oi f(x) ve dang:

2
3sinx sinx 3 1
f(x) .sin3x sin3x.sinx sin 3x.
4 4 4
-
= = -

( )
3 1 1
cos2x cos4x x (1 cos6x) (3cos2x 3cos4x cos6x 1)
8 8 8
= - - - = - + - .
Khi o:
1
F(x) (3cos2x 3cos4x cos6x 1)dx
8
= - + -


1 3 3 1
sin2x sin4x sin6x x C.
8 2 4 6

= - + - +



b/ Bien oi f(x) ve dang:

3sinx sin3x cos3x 3cosx
f(x) . cos3x .sin3x
4 4
- +
= +

3 3
(cos3x.sinx sin3x. cosx) sin4x.
4 4
= + =
Khi o:
3 3
F(x) sin4xdx cos4x C.
4 16
= = - +



2.3. S dung cac phep bien oi lng gia c khac nhau
ay ngoai viec van dung mot cach linh hoat cac cong thc bien oi lng giac ca c
em hoc sinh con can thiet biet cac nh hng trong phep bien oi.

V du 14: (HNT TP.HCM_99): Tm ho nguyen ham cua ham so :
a/
sinx cosx
f(x) ;
sinx cosx
-
=
+
b/
cos2x
f(x) .
sinx cosx
=
+

Giai:
a/ Ta co:
sinx cosx d(sinx cosx)
F(x) ln(sinx cos x) C
sinx cosx sinx cosx
- +
= = - = - + +
+ +


b/ Ta co:
2 2
cos2x cos x sin x
F(x) dx dx
sinx cosx sinx cos x
-
= =
+ +


(cos x sinx)dx sinx cosx C. = - = + +


V du 15: (HNT HN_97): Tnh tch phan ba t nh:
sin3x.sin4x
I .
tgx cot g2x
=
+


Giai:
Bien oi bieu thc di dau tch phan ve dang:

sin3x.sin4x sin3x.sin4x 1
sin4x.sin3x.sin2x (cosx cos7x)sin2x
cos x
tgx cot g2x 2
cos x.sin2x
= = = -
+

Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 63

1 1
(sin2x. cosx cos7x.sin2x) (sin3x sinx sin9x sin5x).
2 4
= - = + - +
Khi o:
1
I (sinx sin3x sin5x sin9x)dx
4
= + + -



1 1 1 1
(cosx cos3x cos5x cos9x) C.
4 3 5 9
= - + - +
Tong qua t: Cach tnh phan dang:
m n
sin x. cos xdx

vi m, n la nhng so nguyen c
tnh nh cac phep bien oi hoac dung cong tc ha bac.

3. PHNG PHAP OI BIEN
Bai toan 3: Tnh tch phan cac ham lng giac bang phng phap oi bien
PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Tnh tch phan bat nh sau: I R(sinx, cosx)dx =

trong o R la ham hu t.
Ta la chon mot trong cac hng sau:
Hng 1: Neu R( sinx, cosx) R(sinx, cos x) - = -
th s dung phep oi bien tng ng la t = cosx
Hng 2: Neu R(sinx, cosx) R(sinx, cosx) - = -
th s dung phep oi bien tng ng la t = sinx
Hng 3: Neu R( sinx, cosx) R(sinx, cos x) - - = -
th s dung phep oi bien tng ng la t = tgx
(oi khi co the la t = cotgx).
Do o vi cac tch phan dang:
1.
n
I tg xdx, vi n Z =

c xac nh nh phep oi bien t = tgx.


2.
n
I cot g xdx, v i n Z =

c xac nh nh phep oi bien t = cotgx.


Hng 4: Moi trng hp eu co the a ve tch phan cac ham hu t bang phep oi
bien
x
t tg .
2
=
V du 16: (HNT Tp.HCM_97): Tnh tch phan bat nh:
cos x sinx. cosx
I dx.
2 sinx
+
=
+


Giai:
Bien oi I ve dang:
(1 sinx)cosx
I
2 sinx
+
=
+


at t = sinx
Suy ra:
(1 sinx) cos x 1 t
dt cosxdx & dx dt
2 sinx 2 t
+ +
= =
+ +

Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 64
Khi o:
1 t 1
I dt 1 dt t ln | 2 t | C sinx ln | 2 sinx | C
2 t 2 t
+
= = - = - + + = - + +

+ +


Nhan xet: Trong bai toa n tren s d ta nh hng c phep bien oi nh vay la bi
nhan xet rang: R(sinx, cosx) = R(sinx, cosx) do o s dung phep oi bien
tng ng la t = sinx.
V du 17: (HTCKT HN_96): Tnh tch phan bat nh:
4 3 5
dx
I .
sin x. cos x
=


Giai:
Bien oi I ve dang:
3 8 2 3
4 4
dx dx
I
tg x. cos x cos x tg x
= =


at: t = tgx
Suy ra:
2
2 3 4 3
4
dx dx dt
dt &
cos x
cos x tg x t
= =
Khi o:
4
4
4 3
dt
4 t C 4 tgx C.
t
= + = +


Chu y: Nh chung ta a thay trong van e 8 la
2
1 1
| t | t
= ieu nay rat quan trong, khi
khi o ta phai xet hai trng hp t > 0 va t < 0.
V du 18: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
2
sinxdx
I
cosx sin x 1
=
+


Giai:
at t = cosx dt = sinxdx do o:
2
dt
I
t 2 t
= -
-


Ta can xet hai trng hp t > 0 va t < 0. Cu the:
Vi t > 0, ta c:

2
2 2
2
2 2
1
d
dt 1 2 2 1 2 2 t
t
I ln 1 C ln C.
t t t 2 2 2 2
t 1 1
t t


+ -

= = = + - + = +
- -


Vi x < 0, ta c:

2
2
2 2
2 2
1
d
dt 1 2 2
t
I ln 1 C
t t 2 2 2
t 1 1
t t
1 2 2 t 1 2 1 sin x
ln C ln C.
t cosx 2 2



= = - = - + - +
- -
+ - + +
= - + = +


Tom lai ta c:
Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 65

2 2
1 2 2 t 1 2 1 sin x
I ln C ln C.
t cosx 2 2
+ - + +
= + = +

4. PHNG PHAP TCH PHAN TNG PHAN
Bai toan 3: Xac nh nguye n ham cac ha m lng gia c bang phng phap tch phan
t ng phan.
PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Chung ta a c biet trong van e: Xac nh nguyen ham bang phng phap tch phan
tng phan, oi vi cac dang nguyen ham:
Dang 1: Tnh: P(x)sin xdx hoac P(x) cos xdx a a

vi P la mot a thc thuoc R[x] va
*
R . a
Khi o ta at:
u P(x) u P(x)
hoac
dv sin xdx dv cos xdx
= =

= a = a


Dang 2: Tnh:
ax ax
e cos(bx) (hoa c e sin(bx) vi a, b 0


Khi o ta at:
ax ax
u cos(bx) u sin(dx)
hoa c
dv e dx dv e dx
= =

= =


V du 19: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
2
x
I dx
cos x
=


Giai:
S dung phng phap tch phan tng phan, bang cach at:

2
u x
du dx
dx
v tgx dv
cos x
=
=



= =


Khi o:
sinx d(cosx)
I x.tgx tgxdx x.tgx dx x.tgx x.tgx ln | cosx | C.
cosx cos x
= - = - = + = + +


V du 20: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
2
3
cos xdx
I .
sin x
=


Giai:
Bien oi I ve dang:
3
cosx.d(sinx)
I .
sin x
=


at:
3 2
u cosx du sinxdx
d(sinx) 1
dv v
sin x sin x
= = -


= = -



Khi o:
2 2 2
cosx dx cosx x cosx x
I d ln tg ln tg C.
sinx 2 2 sin x sin x sin x

= - - = - - = - - +





Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 66
BAI TAP
Bai 28. Tm ho nguyen ham cua ham so:
a/
1
f(x)
cosxcos x
4
=
p
+


b/
1
f(x)
2 sinx cos x
=
+ -

c/
2
cos x
f(x)
sinx 3 cosx
=
+
d/
sinx
f(x)
1 sin2x
=
+
e/ f(x) sinx.si n2x. cos5x =
f/ f(x) (sin4x cos4x)(sin6x cos6x) = + + g/
( )
f(x) sin x . 2 sin2x
4
p
= - +



S: a/ 2 ln 1 tgx C; - - + b/
1 x
cot g C;
2 8 2
p
- + +



c/
1 1 x
sin x ln tg C;
2 6 8 2 6
p p
+ + + +


d/
1 x 1
ln tg C;
2 8 2(sinx cos x) 2 2
p
+ + +

+

e/
1 1 1 1
sin2x sin4x sin8x C;
4 2 4 8

+ - +


f/
1 3
(33x 7sin4x si n8x) C;
64 8
+ + +
g/
1 1
4cos x sin x sin 3x C.
2 4 4 3 4
p p p
- - + + - - +




Bai 29. Tm ho nguyen ham cua ham so sau:
a/
3
sin x
f(x)
3sin4x sin6x 3sin2x
=
- -
(HSP II Ha Noi _1999)
b/ I cos5x.tgxdx =

K cos3x.tgxdx =

(HNT Tp.HCM A_2000)
c/
1
f(x)=
sin2x 2sinx -
d/
2
x
f(x)
sin x
= e/
cot gx
f(x)
1 sinx
=
+

f/ f(x) tg x . cot g x
3 6
p p
= + +


g/
2
f(x) (x 2)sin2x = +
S: a/
1 si n3x 1
ln C;
48 sin3x 1
-
- +
+

b/ I 2sinx 2sin3x sin5x C; = - + +
1
K cos3x 2cosx C;
3
= - + +
c/
1 2 cos x 1
ln C;
8 1 cos x cosx 1
-
+ +

- -

d/ xcot gx ln sinx C; - + +
e/
sinx
ln C;
1 sinx
+
+
f/
cos x
1 3
x ln C;
3
cos x
3
p
-


+ +
p
+



g/
2
1 1 3
x cos2x xsin2x cos2x C.
2 2 4
- + - +

Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 67
Von de : 000IE0 hkN 0k0 hkN 80 0

e xac nh nguyen ham cua cac ham so vo t ta can linh hoat la chon mot trong
cac phng phap c ban sau:
1. Phng phap oi bien.
2. Phng phap tch phan tng phan.
3. S dung cac phep bien oi.

Hai cong thc thng s dung:
1.
2
2
xdx
x a C
x a
= +


2.
2
2
dx
ln x x a C.
x a
= + +



1. PHNG PHAP OI BIEN
Bai toan 1: Xac nh nguyen ham cac ham so vo t bang phng phap oi bien

Dang 1: Tnh tch phan bat nh cac ham hu t oi vi x va
n
ax b
cx d
+
+
co dang:

n
axx b
I R x, dx vi ad bc 0.
cx d

+
= -

+


PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Ta thc hien theo cac bc sau:
Bc 1: Thc hien phep oi bien:
at:
n
n
n
n
ax b ax b b dt
t t x
cx d cx d ct a
+ + -
= = =
+ + -

Bc 2: Bai toan c chuyen ve: I S(t)dt. =


Chu y: Vi hai dang ac biet:
a x a x
I R x, dx hoa c I R x, dx
a x a x

+ -
= =

- +


chung ta
a biet vi phep oi bien: x = acos2t.
Trng hp ac biet, vi
a x
I dx
a x
+
=
-

, ta co the xac nh bang cach:


V
a x
a x
+
-
co ngha khi
2
a x a nen x a 0, do o (a x) a x. - < + > + = +
Khi o:
2 2
2 2 2 2
x x a x dx xdx
I dx dx a
a x a x
a x a x
+ +
= = = +
- -
- -


Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 68
Trong o:
2 2
dx
a b +

c xac nh bang phep oi bien x = asint.



2 2
2 2
xdx
a a x C.
a x
= - - +
-


V du 1: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
2 3 3
dx
I
x 1[ x 1) 1]
=
+ + +


Giai:
at:
3 3
t x 1 t x 1 = + = + . Suy ra:
2
2
2 2
2 3 3
dx 3t dt 3tdt
3t dt dx &
t(t 1) t 1
x 1[ (x 1) 1]
= = =
+ +
+ + +

Khi o:
2
2 2
3
2 2
3tdt 3 d(t )
I ln(t 1) C ln[ (x 1) 1] C.
2 t 1 t 1
= = = + + = + + +
+ +


V du 2: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
dx
I
2x 2x 1
=
+


Giai:
at:
2
t 2x 1 t 2x 1 = + = + . Suy ra:
2 2
dx tdt dt
2tdt 2dx &
(t 1)t t 1 2x 2x 1
= = =
- - +

Khi o:
2
dt 1 t 1 1 2x 1 1
I ln C ln C.
2 t 1 2 t 1 2x 1 1
- + -
= = + = +
+ - + +


V du 3: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
3 2 4
xdx
I
x x
=
-


Giai:
Ta nhan xet:
2 1 1
3 2 4 3 2 4
x x , x x va x x = = = , t o 12 la boi so chung nho nhat cua cac
mau so, do o at x = t
12

Suy ra:
17 14 4
11 9 4
8 3 5 5
3 2 4
xdx 12t dt 12t dt t
dx 12t dt & 12 t t dt
t t t 1 t 1
x x

= = = = + +

- - -
-

Khi o:
4 10 5
9 4 5
5
t t t 1
I 12 t t dt 12 ln | t 1| C.
10 5 5 t 1

= + + = + + - +

-


Dang 2: Tnh tch phan bat nh
dx
I
(x a)(x b)
=
+ +


PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Ta xet hai trng hp:
Trng hp 1: Vi
x a 0
x b 0
+ >

+ >


Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 69
at: t x a x b = + + +
Trng hp 2: Vi
x a 0
x b 0
+ <

+ <


at: t (x a) (x b) = - + + - +
V du 4: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
2
dx
I
x 5x 6
=
- +


Giai:
Bien oi I ve dang:
dx
I
(x 2)(x 3)
=
- -


Ta xet hai trng hp:
Vi
x 2 0
x 3
x 3 0
- >
>

- >

. at: t x 2 x 3 = - + -
suy ra :
1 1 ( x 2 x 3)dx dx 2dt
dt dx
t 2 x 2 2 x 3 2 (x 2)(x 3) (x 2)(x 3)
- + -
= + = =

- - - + - -


Khi o:
dt
I 2 2ln | t | C 2ln | x 2 x 3 | C
t
= = + = - + + +


Vi
x 2 0
x 2
x 3 0
- <
<

- <

. at: t x 2 3 x = - + -
suy ra :
1 1 [ 2 x 3 x]dx dx 2dt
dt dx
t 2 2 x 2 3 x 2 (x 2)(x 3) (x 2)(x 3)
- + -
= + = = -

- - - - - -


Khi o:
dt
I 2 2ln | t | C 2ln | 2 x 3 x | C
t
= - = - + = - - + - +


Dang 3: Tnh tch phan bat nh cac ham hu t oi vi x va
2 2
a x - co dang:
2 2
I R(x, a x )dx, vi ad bc 0. = - -


PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Ta thc hien theo cac bc sau:
Bc 1: Thc hien phep oi bien:

2 2
x | a | sint v i t
(hoac co the t x a x )
2 2
x | a | cos t vi 0 t
p p
= -

= + -

= p


Bc 2: Bai toan c chuyen ve: I S(sint, cost)dt. =



Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 70
V du 5: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
3
2
x dx
I .
1 x
=
-


Giai:
Cach 1: at: x sint, t
2 2
p p
= - < <
Suy ra:
3 3
3
2
x dx sin t. cosdt 1
dx costdt & sin tdt (3sint sin3t)dt
cost 4
1 x
= = = = -
-

Khi o:
1 3 1
I (3sint sin3t)dt tgt C cost cos3t C
4 4 12
= - = + = - + +



3 3 2
3 1 1 1
cost (4cos t 3cosxt) C cos t cost C cos t 1 cost C
4 12 3 3

= - + - + = - + = - +




2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1
(1 sin t) 1 C (1 x ) 1 1 x C (x 2) 1 x C
3 3 3

= - - + = - - - + = - + - +



Chu y: Trong cach giai tren s d ta co:

2
2 2
cos t cost
t cost 0
2 2
cost 1 sin t 1 x

=
p p
- < < >

= - = -


Cach 2: at
2 2 2
t 1 x x 1 t = - = -
Suy ra:
3 2 2 2
2
2 2 2
x dx x .xdx x .xdx (1 t )( tdt)
2xdx 2tdt & (t 1)dt
t
1 x 1 x 1 x
- -
= = = = = -
- - -

Khi o:
2 3 2 2 2
1 1 1
I (t 1)dt t t C (t 3)t C (x 2) 1 x C
3 3 3
= - = - + = - + = - + - +


Dang 4: Xac nh nguyen ham cac ham so hu t oi vi x va
2 2
a x + co dang:
2 2
I R(x, a x )dx, vi ad bc 0. = + -


PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Ta thc hien theo cac bc sau:
Bc 1: Thc hien phep oi bien:

2 2
x | a | tgt v i t
(hoac co the t x a x )
2 2
x | a | cot gt vi 0 t
p p
= - < <

= + +

= < < p


Bc 2: Bai toan c chuyen ve: I S(sint, cost)dt. =


V du 6: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
2
I 1 x dx. = +


Giai:
Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 71
Cach 1: at: x tgt, t .
2 2
p p
= - < < Suy ra:
2
2 3
dt dt
dx & 1 x dx .
cos t cos t
= + =
Khi o:
3 4 2 2
dt costdt costdt
I
cos t cos t (1 sin t)
= = =
-


at: u = sint. Suy ra:
2 2 2 2
costdt du
du costdt &
(1 sin t) (u 1) (u 1)
= =
- + -

Khi o:
2 2
du 1 u 1 2u
I ln C
4 u 1 (u 1)(u 1) (u 1) (u 1)
+
= = - +

- + - + -



2 2
2 2 2
2
2
2
2 2 2 2
1 sint 1 2sint
ln C
4 sint 1 (sint 1)(sint 1)
x x
1 2
1
1 x 1 x
ln C
x
x x 4
1 1 1
1 x 1 x 1 x
1 x 1 x
ln 2x 1 x C
4
x 1 x
1 1
(2ln | x 1 x | 2x 1 x ) C (ln | x 1 x | x 1 x ) C.
4 2
+
= - +

- + -


+

+ +

= - +

- + -

+ + +


+ +

= + + +

- +

= + + + + + = + + + + +

Cach 2: at:
2
2 2 2 2
t 1
t x 1 x t x 1 x (t x) 1 x x
2t
-
= + + - = + - = + =

2 2
2
t 1 t 1
1 x t
2t 2t
- +
+ = - =
Suy ra:
2 2 2
2 2 2
2
x x 1 x 2t t 1
dt 1 dx dx dx dx dt
1 x t 1 2t
1 x
+ + +
= + = = =

+ +
+



2 2 2 2
2
2 3 3
t 1 t 1 1 (t 1) 1 2 1
1 x dx . dt dt t dt
2t 4 4 t 2t t t
+ + +
+ = = = + +



Khi o:
2
3 2
1 2 1 1 1 1
I t dt t 2ln | t | C
4 t 4 2 t 2t

= + + = + - +



2 2 2
2
2 2
1 1 1
t 4ln | t | C 4x 1 x 4ln x 1 x C
8 8 t
1
(ln x 1 x x 1 x ) C.
2



= - + + = + + + + +



= + + + + +

Cach 3: S dung phng phap tch phan tng phan
at :
2
2
xdx
du
u x 1
x 1
dv dx
v x

=
= +

+
=


Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 72
Khi o:
2
2
2
x dx
I x x 1
x 1
= + -
+


Vi
2 2
2
2
2 2
x dx [(x 1) 1]dx dx
J x 1dx
x 1
x 1 x 1
+ -
= = = + -
+
+ +



2
I ln x x 1 C (2) = - + + +
Thay (2) vao (1) ta c:

2 2 2 2
I x x 1 (I aln) x x 1 C 2I x x 1 ln x x 1 C = + - - + + + = + + + + +

2 2
x 1
I x 1 ln x x 1 C.
2 2
= + + + + +
Chu y:
1. Trong cach giai th nhat s d ta co:

2
2
1 x
1 x cost va sint
cost
1 x
+ = =
+

la bi:
2
2
cos t cost
t cost 0
x
2 2 sint tgt. cost
1 x

=
p p
- < < >

= =

+

2. Ca ba phng phap tren (tot nhat la phng phap 2) c ap dung e giai bai toan
tong quat:

2 2 2 2
2
a x dx
x adx ln x x a x a C; ln x x a C.
2 2
x a
+ = + + + + + = + + +
+


3. Vi tch phan bat nh sau tot nhat la s dung phng phap 1:

2 2 2k 1
dx
, vi k Z.
(a x )
+

+


4. Vi tch phan bat nh: (x a)(x b)dx + +

ta co the thc hien nh sau:


at:
2
a b (b a)
t x & A
2 4
+ -
= + = -
suy ra:
2
dt dx & (x a)(x b)dx t Adt = + + = +
Khi o:
2 2 2
A t
I t Adt ln t t A t A C
2 2
= + = + + + + +



2
(b a) a b 2x a b
ln x (x a)(x b) (x a)(x b) C.
8 2 4
- + + +
= + + + - + + + +

Dang 5: Tnh tch phan bat nh cac ha m hu t oi vi x va
2 2
x a - co dang:
2 2
I R(x, x a )dx, vi ad bc 0. = - -


Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 73
PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Ta thc hien theo cac bc sau:
Bc 1: Thc hien phep oi bien:

2 2
| a |
x v i t ; \ {0}
sint 2 2
(hoac co the t x a )
| a |
x v i t [0; ] \ { }.
cost 2
p p
= -


= -
p

= p


Bc 2: Bai toan c chuyen ve: I S(sint, cost)dt. =


V du 7: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
2 2
xdx
I
2x 1 3 x 1
=
- + -


Giai:
Cach 1: at:
2 2 2
t x 1 t x 1 = - = -
Suy ra:
2
2 2 2 2
xdx xdx tdt
2tdt 2xdx &
2t 3t 1
2x 1 3 x 1 2(x 1) 3( x 1 1
= = =
+ +
- + - - + - +

Khi o:
2
tdt
I
2t 3t 1
=
+ +


Ta co:
2
t t a b (a 2b)t a b
(2t 1)(t 1) 2t 1 t 1 (2t 1)(t 1) 2t 3t 1
+ + +
= = + =
+ + + + + + + +

ong nhat ang thc, ta c:
a 2b 1 a 1
a b 0 b 1
+ = = -


+ = =


Khi o:
2
t 1 1
.
2t 1 t 1 2t 3t 1
= - +
+ + + +

Do do:
2
1 1 1 1 (t 1)
I dt ln | 2t 1| ln | t 1| C ln C
2t 1) t 1 2 2 | 2t 1|
+
= - + = - + + + + = +

+ + +



2 2
2
1 ( x 1 1)
ln
2
2 x 1 1
- +
=
- +

Cach 2: V ieu kien |x| > 1, ta xet hai trng hp:
Vi x > 1:
at:
1
x , t [0; )
cost 2
p
= . Suy ra:
2
sintdt
dx ,
cos t
=

2 2
2
2 2
2 2
2
1 sint
. dt
xdx (1 tg t)tgt.dt (1 tg t)tgt.dt
cost cos t
2
2(1 tg t) 1 3tgt 2tg t 3tgt 1
2x 1 3 x 1
1 3tgt
cos t
+ +
= = =
+ - + + +
- + -
- +

Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 74
Khi o:
2
2
(1 tg t)tgt.dt
I .
2tg t 3tgt 1
+
=
+ +


at: u = tgt. Suy ra:
2
2
2 2 2
dt (1 tg t)tgt.dt u.du
du (1 tg t)dt &
cos t 2tg t 3tgt 1 2u 3u 1
+
= = + =
+ + + +

Khi o:
2
1 1 1 1 (u 1)
I dt ln 2u 1 ln u 1 C ln C
2u 1 u 1 2 2 | 2u 1|
+
= - + = - + + + + = +

+ + +



2 2 2
2
1 (tgt 1) 1 ( x 1 1)
ln C ln C.
2 2tgt 1 2
2 x 1 1
+ - +
= + = +
+
- +

Vi x < 1 (t lam)

Dang 6: Tnh tch phan bat nh cac ha m hu t oi vi x va
2
ax bx c + + co dang:
2
I R(x, ax bx c)dx, vi ad bc 0 = + + -


PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Ta co the la chon mot trong hai cach sau:
Cach 1: a I ve cac dang nguyen ham c ban a biet.
Ta xet cac trng hp sau:
Trng hp 1: Neu a > 0 va D < 0.
Bc 1: Ta co:
2
2
2ax b
ax bx c 1
4a

D +
+ + = - +


-D


Bc 2: Thc hien phep oi bien:
2ax b
t
+
=
-D

Bc 3: Bai toan c chuyen ve:
2
I S(t, 1 t )dt = +


Trng hp 2: Neu a < 0 va D > 0.
Bc 1: Ta co:
2
2
2ax b
ax bx c 1
4a

D +
+ + = - -


D


Bc 2: Thc hien phep oi bien:
2ax b
t
+
=
D

Bc 3: Bai toan c chuyen ve:
2
I S(t, 1 t )dt = -


Trng hp 3: Neu a > 0 va D > 0.
Bc 1: Ta co:
2
2
2ax b
ax bx c 1
4a

D +
+ + = -


D


Bc 2: Thc hien phep oi bien:
2ax b
t
+
=
D

Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 75
Bc 3: Bai toan c chuyen ve:
2
I S(t, t 1)dt = -


Cach 2: S dung phep the Euler:
Ta xet cac trng hp sau:
1. Neu a > 0, at
2
ax bx c t x a hoa c t x a. + + = - +
2. Neu c > 0, at
2
ax bx c tx c hoa c tx c. + + = + -
3. Neu tam thc
2
ax bx c + + co biet so D > 0 th

2
1 2
ax bx c a(x x )(x x ). + + = - - Khi o at:
2
1
ax bx c t(x x ). + + = -
V du 8: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
2
I x 2x 2dx. = + +


Giai:
Cach 1: S dung phep oi bien: t x 1 dt dx. = + =
Khi o:
2
I t 1dt. = +


Tch phan tren chung ta a biet cach xac nh trong v du 6.
Cach 2: S dung phep oi bien:

2 2
2 2 2
2
t 2 (t 2t 2)dt
x 2x 2 t x x 2x 2 (t x) x dx
2(t 1) 2(t 1)
- + +
+ + = - + + = - = =
+ +

Khi o:
2 2 4
2
2 3
t 2 (t 2t 2)dt 1 (t 4)dt
I x 2x 2dx t . .
2(t 1) 4 2(t 1) (t 1)
- + + +
= + + = - =

+ + +



S dung ong nhat thc:

4 4 4 3 2
t 4 [(t 1) 1] 4 (t 1) 4(t 1) 6(t 1) 4(t 1) 5. + = + - + = + - + + + - + +
Do o:
2
2
1 6 4 1 t 4
I [t 1 4 ]dt [ 3t 6ln | t 1| ] C
4 t 1 4 2 t 1 (t 1)
= + - + - = - + + + +
+ + +



2 2
2
2
2
1 ( x 2x 2 x)
[ 3( x 2x 2 x)
4 2
4
6ln x 2x 2 x 1 ] C.
x 2x 2 x 1
+ + +
= - + + + +
+ + + + + + +
+ + + +

Dang 7: Tnh tch phan bat nh
2
dx
I
( x ) ax bx c
=
l + m + +


PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Ta thc hien theo cac bc sau:
Bc 1: Thc hien phep oi bien:
1
t
x
=
l + m

Bc 2: Bai toan c chuyen ve:
2
dt
I
t t
=
a +b + g


Chu y: Phng phap tren co the c ap dung cho dang tong quat hn la:
Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 76
n 2
(Ax B)dx
I
( x ) ax bx c
+
=
l + m + +


V du 9: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
2
dx
I
(x 1) x 2x 2
=
+ + +


Giai:
at:
1 1
t x 1
x 1 t
= = -
+

suy ra:
2
1
dx dt,
t
= -
2
2
2
2 2
2
dt
1
khi t 0
t( )dt
dx dt 1 t
t
dt
1 1
(x 1) x 2x 2
khi t 0 1 t. 1
t t
1 t

- >
-
+
= = - =

+ + +

< + +

+


Khi o:
Vi t > 0, ta c:

2
2
2
dt 1 1
I ln t 1 t C ln 1 C
x 1 (x 1)
1 t
= - = - + + + = - + + +
+ +
+



2 2
2
1 x 2x 2 x 1 1 x 2x 2
ln C ln C ln C.
x 1 x 1
1 x 2x 2
+ + + + - + +
= - + = + = +
+ +
+ + +

Vi t < 0, ta c:

2
2
2
dt 1 1
I ln t 1 t C ln 1 C
x 1 (x 1)
1 t
= = + + + = + + +
+ +
+

2
1 x 2x 2
ln C.
x 1
- + +
= +
+

Tom lai vi t 0 x 1 - ta luon co:
2
1 x 2x 2
I ln C.
x 1
- + +
= +
+


3. S DUNG TCH PHAN TNG PHAN
Bai toan 3: Tnh tch phan cac ham vo t bang phng phap tch phan tng phan
PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Vi cac ham vo t, trong pha m vi pho thong phng phap tch pha n tng phan t c s
dung, tuy nhien chung ta cung can xem xet.
V du 10: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
2
I x adx = +


Giai:
at:
2
2
xdx
du
u x a
x a
dv dx
v x

=
= +

+
=


Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 77
Khi o:
2
2
2
x dx
I x x a
x a
= + -
+

(1)
Vi
2 2
2
2 2 2
x dx [(x a) a]dx dx
J x adx a
x a x a x a
+ -
= = = + -
+ + +



2
I aln x x a C. = - + + + (2)
Thay (2) vao (1) ta c:
2 2 2 2
x a
I x x a (I aln x x a C) I x a ln x x a C.
2 2
= + - - + + + = + + + + +
4. S DUNG CAC PHEP BIEN OI
Dang 1: Tnh tch phan bat nh
x a
I dx, vi a 0
x a
-
= >
+


PHNG PHAP CHUNG
V ieu kien
x a
x a'

< -


Ta xet hai trng hp:
Vi x a th:
2 2 2 2 2 2
x a x a 2xdx dx
dx dx a
x a
x a 2 x a x a
- -
= = -
+
- - -



2 2 2 2
x a ln x x a C. = - - + - +
Vi x < a th:
2 2 2 2 2 2
x a a x dx 2xdx
dx dx a
x a
x a x a 2 x a
- -
= = -
+
- - -



2 2 2 2
ln x x a x a C. = + - - - +
V du 11: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
x 1
I dx
x 1
-
=
+


Giai:
V ieu kien
x 1
x 1

< -

. Ta xet hai trng hp:


Vi x 1 . Ta co:
2 2
2 2 2
x 1 2xdx dx
I dx x 1 ln x x 1 C
x 1 2 x 1 x 1
-
= = - = - - + - +
- - -


Vi x < 1. Ta co:

2 2
2 2 2
1 x dx 2xdx
I dx ln x x 1 x 1 C
x 1 x 1 2 x 1
-
= = - = + - - - +
- - -



Dang 2: Tnh tch phan bat nh
dx
I , v i a 0 vab c 0.
ax b ax c
= -
+ + +


Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 78
PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Kh tnh vo t mau so bang cach truc can thc, ta c:

1
I ( ax b ax c)dx
b c
= + + +
-

1/ 2 1/ 2
1
[ (ax b) d(ax b) (ax c) d(ax c)]
a(b c)
= + + + + +
-



3 3
2
[ (ax b) (ax c) ] C
2a(b c)
= + + + +
-

V du 12: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
dx
I x 1
x 1
= + -
+


Giai:
Kh tnh vo t mau so bang cach truc can thc, ta c:

1/ 2 1/ 2
3 3
1 1
I ( x 1 x 1)dx [ (x 1) d(x 1) (x 1) d(x 1)]
2 2
1
[ (x 1) (x 1) ] C
3
= + + - = + + + - -
= + + - +


Chu y: Mot phep bien oi rat pho bien oi vi cac ham so vo t la phng phap phan
tch, chung ta se i xem xet cac dang c ban sau:

Dang 3: Tnh tch phan bat nh
2
v(x)dx
I
u (x)
=
a


PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Ta thc hien theo cac bc sau:
Bc 1: Phan tch:
2
2 2 2 2
v(x) a[u (x) ] bu(x) c
u (x) u (x) u (x) u (x)
+ a
= + +
+ a + a + a + a

S dung phng phap hang so bat nh ta xac nh c a, b, c.
Bc 2: Ap dung cac cong thc:
1.
2
2
xdx
x a C.
x a
= +

2.
2
2
dx
ln x x a C
x a
= + +


3.
2 2 2
x a
x adx x a ln x x a C.
2 2
= + +


V du 13: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
2
2
(2x 1)dx
I
x 2x
+
=
+


Giai:
Ta co:
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2
2x 1 2x 1 a[(x 1) 1] b(x 1) c
x 2x (x 1) 1 (x 1) 1 (x 1) 1 (x 1) 1
+ + + - +
= = + +
+ + - + - + - + -

Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 79

2
2
ax (2a b)x b c
x 2x
+ + + +
=
+

ong nhat ang thc, ta c:
a 2 a 2
2a b 0 b 4
b c 1 c 5
= =

+ = = -


+ = =


Khi o:
2
2
2 2 2
2x 1 4(x 1) 5
2 (x 1) 1
x 2x (x 1) 1 (x 1) 1
+ +
= + - - +
+ + - + -

Do o:
2
2 2
4(x 1) 5
I [2 (x 1) 1 ]dx
(x 1) 1 (x 1) 1
+
= + - - +
+ - + -



2 2 2 2
(x 1) x 2x ln x 1 x 2x 4 x 2x 5ln x 1 x 2x C = + + - + + + - + + + + + +

2 2 2
(x 1) x 2x 4ln x 1 x 2x 4 x 2x C. = + + + + + + - + +
BAI TAP
Bai 30. Tm ho nguyen ham cua cac ham so sau:
a/
3
x 1
;
3x 1
+
+
b/
x
;
2x 1 1 + +
c/
3
x
;
x 2 +
d/
3
3 4
x
;
1 x 1 + +
e/
3
1
;
x x +

f/
2
3
1
;
(2x 1) 2x 1 + - +
g/
10
x
x 1 +
h/
1
tgx
2x 1 2x 1
+
+ + -

S: a/
5 2
3 3
1 1
(3x 1) (3x 1) C;
3 5

+ + + +


b/
3
1 1
(2x 1) (2x 1) C;
6 4
+ - + +
c/
2 3 2
1
(x 2) 2 x 2 C;
3
+ - + + d/
3 3 4 2 4 4
3
3 3 3
(x 1) x 1 ln( x 1 1) C;
8 4 4
+ - + + + + +
e/
3 6 6
2 x 3 x 6 x ln( x 1) C; - - + + +
f/
2 6 6 6
3
(2x 1) 3 2x 1 3ln 2x 1 1 C;
2
+ + + + - - +
g/
19 9
10 10
10 10
(x 1) (x 1) C;
19 9
+ - + + h/
3 3
1
ln cosx (2x 1) (2x 1) C.
3

- + + - - +



Bai 31. Tm ho nguyen ham cua cac ham so sau:
a/
2
x
;
9x 6x -
b/
2
1
;
x 2x 3 + +
c/
2
1
;
x 6x 8 + +
d/
2
1
x x 1 - -

e/
2
4x 5
;
x 6x 1
+
+ +
f/
2
2x
;
x x 1 + -
g/
2
4
x 1
;
x x 1
+
+
h/
2 2 3
x
.
1 x (1 x ) + + +

S: a/
2 2
1
9x 6x ln 3x 1 9x 6x C;
9
- + - + - + b/
2
ln x 1 x 2x 3 C; + + + + +
c/
2
ln x 3 x 6x 8 C; + + + + + d/
2
1
ln x x x 1 C;
2
- + - - +
Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 80
e/
2 2
4 x 6x 1 7ln x 3 x 6x 1 C; + + - + + + + + f/
2 2 3
2 2
x (x 1) C;
3 3
- - +
g/
2
1 1
ln x x 2 C;
x 2

- + - + +


h/
2
2 1 1 x C. + + +
Bai 32a/ Biet rang
2
2
dx
ln(x x 3) C.
x 3
= + + +
+


Tm nguyen ham cua
2
F(x) x 3dx = +


b/ Tnh
2
x 4x 8dx. - +


S: a/
2 2
1 3
x x 3 ln(x x 3) C.
2 2
+ + + + +
b/
2 2
1
(x 2) x 4x 8 2ln x 2 x 4x 8 C.
2
- - + + - + - + +
Bai 33. Tm ho nguyen ham cua cac ham so sau:
a/
2 3
1
;
(x 16) +
b/
2 3
1
.
(1 x ) -

S: a/
2
x
C;
16 x 16
+
+
b/
2
x
C.
1 x
+
-

Bai 34. Tm ho nguyen ham cua cac ham so sau:
a/
2
1
;
(x 1) 1 x - -
b/
2
x 1
;
(x 1) x 1
-
+ +
c/
2
1
;
(x 1) x 2x 3 - - + +

d/
2
1
;
x x x 1 + + +
e/
2
2
x
;
x x 1 + +
f/
1
.
1 x 1 x + + +

S: a/
1 x
C;
1 x
+
- +
-
b/
2
2
1 x 2(x 1)
ln x x 1 2 ln C;
2(x 1)
- + +
+ + + +
+

c/
2
1 2 x 2x 3
ln C;
2 2(x 1)
+ - + +
- +
-

d/
4
2
3
3 1 t
ln C, vi t x x x 1.
2(1 2t) 2
1 2t
+ + = + + +
+
+

e/
2 2
1 1 1
(2x 3) x x 1 ln x x x 1 C;
4 8 2
- + + - + + + + +
f/
1 1 1 t 1 1 x
x x x.t ln C, vi t .
2 2 4 t 1 x
- +
+ - + + =
+




Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 81
Von de 10: 000IE0 hkN 0k0 hkN 80 8IE0 IE

e xac nh nguyen ham cua cac ham so sieu viet ta can linh hoat la chon mot
trong cac phng phap c ban sau:
1. S dung cac dang nguyen ham c ban
2. Phng phap phan tch
3. Phng phap oi bien
4. Phng phap tch phan tng phan.

1. S DUNG CAC DANG NGUYEN HAM C BAN
Bai toan 1: Xac nh nguyen ham cac ham sieu viet d a tren cac dang nguyen ham
c ban
PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Bang cac phep bien oi ai so, ta bien oi bieu thc di dau tch phan ve cac
dang nguyen ham c ban a biet.
V du 1: Tnh cac tch phan bat nh sau:
a/
x x
dx
I
e e
-
=
-

b/
x x
x x
2 .e
J dx
16 9
=
-

Giai:
a/ Ta co:
x x
2x x
d(e ) 1 e 1
I ln C
2 e 1 e 1
-
= = +
- +


b/ Chia t va mau so cua bieu thc di dau tch phan cho 4
x
, ta c:

x
x x
2x 2x x
4
4 4
d 1
1 1 1
3 3 3
J dx dx . ln C
4 4
2
4 4 4
ln ln
1 1 1
3 3
3 3 3



-

= = = +

- - +





x x
x x
1 4 3
. ln C.
2(ln4 ln3) 4 3
-
= +
- +


2. PHNG PHAP PHAN TCH
Bai toan 2: Xac nh nguyen ham ham sieu vie t bang phng phap phan tch
PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Can hieu rang thc chat no la mot dang cua phng phap he so bat nh, nhng
ay ta s dung cac ong nhat thc quen thuoc.
V du 2: Tnh tch phan bat nh :
x
dx
I .
1 e
=
-


Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 82
Giai:
S dung ong nhat thc:
x x
1 1 e ) e = - +
Ta c:
x x x
x x x
1 (1 e ) e e
1 .
1 e 1 e 1 e
- +
= = +
- - -

Suy ra:
x x
x
x x
e d(1 e )
I 1 dx dx x ln 1 e C.
1 e 1 e
-
= + = - = - - +

- -


3. PHNG PHAP OI BIEN

Bai toan 3: Xac nh nguyen ham ham sieu vie t bang phng phap oi bien
PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Phng phap oi bien c s dung cho ca c ham so sieu viet vi muc ch chu
ao e chuyen bieu thc di dau tch phan ve cac dang hu t hoac vo t, tuy nhien
trong nhieu trng hp can tiep thu nhng kinh nghiem nho a c minh hoa bang cac
chu y trong van e 4.
V du 3: Tnh tch phan bat nh :
2x
dx
I .
1 e
=
+


Giai:
Cach 1: at
2x 2 2x
t 1 e t 1 e = + = +
Suy ra:
2x
2 2 2
2x
tdt dx tdt dt
2tdt 2e dx dx &
t 1 t(t 1) t 1
1 e
= = = =
- - -
+

Khi o:
2x
2
2x
dt 1 t 1 1 1 e
I ln C ln C
2 t 1 2 t 1
1 e 1
- +
= = + = +
+ -
+ +


Cach 2: at: t = e
x

Suy ra:
x
x
dx
dt e dx dt ,
e
-
=- - =
2x 2x 2x x 2x 2
dx dx dx dt
.
1 e e (e 1) e e 1 t 1
- -
-
= = =
+ + + +

Khi o:
2 x x
2x 2
dx dt
ln t t 1 C ln e e 1 C.
1 e t 1
- -
= - = - + + + = - + + +
+ +


V du 4: Tnh tch phan bat nh :
x x/ 2
dx
I
e e
=
-


Giai:
at
x/ 2
t e
-
= . Suy ra:
x/ 2
x/ 2
1 dx
dt e dx 2dt ,
2 e
-
= - =
x/ 2
x x/ 2 x x/ 2 x/ 2 x / 2
dx dx e dx 2tdt 1
2 1 dt
1 t t 1 e e e (1 e ) e (1 e )
-
- -
-
= = = = +

- - - - -

Khi o:
x / 2 x / 2
1
I 2 1 dt 2(e ln e 1 C.
t 1
- -

= + = + + +

-


4. PHNG PHAP TCH PHAN TNG PHAN
Bai toan 4: Tm nguyen ham cac ham sieu viet ba ng phng phap tch phan tng
phan
Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 83
PHNG PHAP CHUNG
Bai toan 1: Tnh:
ax ax
e cos(bx) (hoa c e sin(bx) vi a, b 0


Khi o ta at:
ax ax
u cos(bx) u sin(bx)
hoa c
dv e dx dv e dx
= =

= =


Bai toan 2: Tnh:
x *
P(x)e dx vi R
a
a


Khi o ta at:
x
u P(x)
dv e dx
a
=



V du 5: Tm ho nguyen ham cua ham so
2 x
f(x) (tg x tgx 1)e . = + +
Giai:
Ta co:
2 x 2 x x
F(x) (tg x tgx 1)e (tg x 1)e e tgxdx. = + + = + +

(1)
Xet tch phan
x
J e tgxdx. =
at:
2
2
x
x
dx
u tgx du (1 tg x)dx
cos x
dv e dx
v e

= = = +


=

=


Khi o:
x 2 x
J e tgx (tg x 1)e . = - +


Thay (2) vao (1) ta c
x
F(x) e tgx C. = + (2)

5. S DUNG CAC PHNG PHAP KHAC NHAU
V du 6: Tnh tch phan bat nh:
2x
dx
I
1 e
=
+


Giai:
Ta co:
x x
2x x 2x 2x 2x
dx dx e dx d(e )
1 e e e 1 e 1 e 1
- -
- - -
= = = -
+ + + +
(1)
Khi o:
x
x 2x
x
d(e )
I ln(e e 1) C
e 1
-
- -
-
= = - + + +
+


Chu y: Ta co the s dung phng phap oi bien e lam tng minh li giai, bang cach:
at t = e
x
. Suy ra:
x
2x 2
dt dt
dt e dx &
1 e t 1 t
= =
+ +

Khi o:
2
2
2
2 2
1
d
dt dt 1 1
t
I ln 1 C
t t 1 1
t 1 t
t 1 1
t t



= = = - = - + + +
+
+ +



x 2x
ln(e e 1) C.
- -
= - + + +
Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 84
ng nhien cung co the at t = e
x
ta se thu c li giai giong nh tren, xong se
that kho giai thch vi cac em hoc sinh cau tra li Tai sao lai ngh ra cach at an phu
nh vay?
Chu y: Neu cac em hoc sinh thay kho hnh dung mot cach can ke cach bien oi e a
ve dang c ban trong bai toan tren th thc hien theo hai bc sau:
Bc 1: Thc hien phep oi bien:
at t = e
x

Suy ra:
x x 2x x 2 2
dt e dx & e e 2e 2dx t 2t 2dt (t 1) 1dt = - + = - + = - +
Khi o:
2
I (t 1) 1dt. = - +


Bc 2: Thc hien phep oi bien:
at u = t 1
Suy ra:
2 2
du dt & (t 1) 1dt u 1du = - + = +
Khi o:
2 2 2
u 1
I u 1du u 1 ln u u 1 C
2 2
= + = + + + + +



2 2
x
2x x x 2x x
t 1 1
(t 1) 1 ln t 1 (t 1) 1 C
2 2
e 1 1
e 2e 2 ln e 1 e e 2 C
2 2
-
= - + + - + - + +
-
= - + + - + - + +

V du 8: Tm nguyen ham ham so :
x
x x
e
f(x)
e e
-
=
+

Giai:
Chon ham so phu:
x
x x
e
g(x)
e e
-
-
=
+

Goi F(x) va G(x) theo th t la nguyen ham cua cac ham so f(x), g(x). Ta co:

x x
x x
e e
f(x) g(x)
e e
-
-
-
- =
+


x x x x
x x
1 x x x x
e e d(e e )
F(x) G(x) dx ln e e C
e e e e
- -
-
- -
- +
- = = = + +
+ +



x x
2 x x
e e
f(x) g(x) 1 F(x) G(x) dx x C .
e e
-
-
+
+ = = + = = +
+


Ta c:
x x
x x 1
2
F(x) G(x) ln e e C 1
F(x) (ln e e x) C.
2
F(x) G(x) x C
-
-

+ = + +
= + + +

- = +



BAI TAP
Bai 35. Tm ho nguyen ham cua cac ham so sau:
a/
x x
2 .e ; b/
x
1
;
1 e +
c/
x
1 x
;
x(1 x.e )
+
+
d/
lnx
;
x

e/
x x
e .sin(e ); f/
2x
2x
e
;
e 2 +
g/
1
;
xlnx
h/
2
x
x.e .
Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 85
S: a/
x x
2 .e
C;
1 ln2
+
+
b/
x
x
e
ln C;
1 e
+
+
c/
x
x
xe
ln C;
1 xe
+
+

d/
2
lnx. lnx C;
3
+ e/
x
cos(e ) C; - + f/
2x
1
ln e 1 C;
2
+ +
g/ ln lnx C; + h/
2
x
1
e C.
2
+
Bai 36. Tm ho nguyen ham cua cac ham so sau:
a/
2x
x
e 1
;
e
-
b/
3x 2 3x
(1 e ) .e ; + c/
2x
4 x
e
;
e 1 +
d/
x
1
;
1 e +
e/
2x
4 x
e
e 1 +

f/
x
1
.e ;
x
g/
cosx
sinx
;
e
h/
x x
1
.
e (3 e )
-
+

S: a/
x x
e e C;
-
+ + b/
3x 3
1
(1 e ) C;
9
+ + c/
x 7 x 3
4 4
4 4
(e 1) (e 1) C;
7 3
+ - + +
d/
x
t 1
ln C, v i t e 1;
t 1
-
+ = +
+
e/
t 1
2t ln C, v i t 1 lnx;
t 1
-
+ + = +
+

f/
x
2e C; + g/
x
e C;
-
+ h/
x
x
3e
ln C.
3e 1
+
+

Bai 37. Tm ho nguyen ham cua cac ham so sau:
a/
2 3x
x e ; b/
2x
e . cos3x; c/
x
e .sinx; d/
3
lnx
;
x



e/
n
x . lnx, n 1. -
S: a/
3x 2
1
e (9x 6x 2) C;
27
- + + b/
2x
1
e (2cos3x 3sin3x) C;
13
+ +
c/
x
1
e (sinx cosx) C;
2
- + d/
3 2
2
1 3 3 3
ln x ln x lnx C;
2 2 4 2x

- + + + +



e/
n 1 n 1
2
x x
lnx C;
n 1 (n 1)
+ +
- +
+ +

Bai 38. Tm ho nguyen ham cua cac ham so sau:
a/
2 x
2
x e
;
(x 2) +
b/
x
(1 sinx)e
1 cos x
+
+
c/
x x
e e 2;
-
+ + d/
2
1 1 x
ln ;
1 x 1 x
+
- -

e/
2
ln(x x 1); + - f/
lnx
;
x 1 lnx +
g/
2
2
xln(x x 1)
.
x 1
+ +
+

S: a/
x
x 2
.e C;
x 2
-
- +
+
b/
x
e sinx
C;
1 cosx
+
+
c/
x 3x 2x
e (e e ) C; + +
d/
2
1 1 x
ln C;
4 1 x
+
+

-

e/
2 2
xln(x x 1) x 1 C; + - - - +
f/
2
(1 lnx) 1 lnx 2 1 lnx C;
3
+ + - + + g/
2 2
x 1. n x x 1 x C. + + + - +
Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 86


1. nh ngha tch phan:
Ta co cong thc Niutn Laipnit:
b
b
a
a
f(x)dx F(x) F(b) F(a). = = -


Chu y: Tch phan
b
a
f(x)dx

ch phu thuoc vao f, a, b ma khong phu thuoc vao cach ky


hieu bien so tch phan. V vay ta co the viet:
b b b
a a a
F(b) F(a) f(x)dx f(t)dt f(u)du ... - = = = =



2. Y ngha hnh hoc cua tch phan:
Neu ham so f(x) lien tuc va khong am tren [a ; b] th tch phan
b
a
f(x)dx

la dien tch
hnh thang cong gii han bi o th cua ham so y f(x, tru c Ox) = va hai ng thang
x = a va x = b.

3. Cac tnh chat cua tch phan:
Gia s cac ham so f(x), g(x) lien tuc tren khoang K va a, b, c la ba iem cua K, da
vao nh ngha tch phan ta co cac tnh chat sau:
Tnh chat 1. Ta co
a
a
f(x)dx 0 =


Tnh chat 2. Ta co
b a
a b
f(x)dx f(x)dx. = -


Tnh chat 3. Ta co
b b
a a
kf(x)dx k f(x)dx, vi k R. =


Tnh chat 4. Ta co
b b b
a a a
[f(x) g(x)dx f(x)dx g(x)dx. =


Tnh chat 5. Ta co
c b c
a a a
f(x)dx f(x)dx f(x)dx. = +


Tnh chat 6. Neu
b
a
f(x) 0, x [a; b]th f(x)dx 0 "


Tnh chat 7. Neu
b b
a a
f(x) g(x), x [a; b] th f(x)dx g(x)dx. "


8o| 2. ICH FHAN
Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 87
Tnh chat 8. Neu
b
a
m f(x) M, x [a; b] th m(b a) f(x)dx M(b a). " - -


Tnh chat 9. Cho t bien thien tren oan [a; b] th G(t) =
t
a
f(x)dx

la nguyen ham cua


f(t) va G(a) = 0.

V du 1: Tnh cac tch phan sau:
a/
2 2
3
1
x 2x
I dx;
x
-
=

b/
x 4
4
0
J (3x e )dx. = -


Giai:
a/ Ta co:
2
2
2
1
1
1 2 2
I dx ln | x | (ln2 1) (ln1 2) ln2 1.
x x x

= - = + = + - + = -


b/ Ta co:
4
x
2
4
0
3
J x 4e (24 4e) (0 4) 28 4e.
2

= - = - - - = -



Chu y: Trong v du tren ta a s dung nh ngha cung cac tnh cha t 1, 3 va 4 e tnh tch
phan V du sau ay se s dung tnh cha t 5 e tnh tch phan cua ham cha dau tr tuyet
oi.
V du 2: Tnh tch phan sau:
1
x
1
J e 1 dx.
-
= -


Giai:
Xet dau cua ham so y = e
x
1
Ta co: y = 0
x
e 1 0 x 0 - = =
Nhan xet rang:
x
x 0 e 1 y 0 > > >

x
x 0 e 1 y 0 < < <
Ta co bang xet dau:
x 1 0 1 +
y 0 +
Do o:
0 1
1
0
x x x
1 0
1 0
1
J (1 e )dx (e 1)dx (x e) (e x) e 2.
2
-
-
= - + - = - + - = + -


Chu y: S dung tnh chat 6, 7, 8 ta se i chng minh c cac bat ang thc tch phan.
V du 3: Chng minh rang:
3 / 4
2
/ 4
dx
.
4 2 3 2sin x
p
p
p p

-


Giai:
Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 88
Tren oan
3
;
4 4
p p


ta co:

2 2
2
2 1 1 1
sinx 1 sin x 1 1 3 2sin x 2 1.
2 2 2 3 2sin x
- -
-

Do o:
3 / 4 3 / 4 3 / 4
2
/ 4 / 4 / 4
1 dx
dx dx.
2 3 2sin x
p p p
p p p

-

(1)
trong o:
3 / 4
3 / 4
3 / 4 3 / 4
/ 4
/ 4 / 4
/ 4
1 1
dx x & dx x 2.
2 2 4
p
p
p p
p
p p
p
p
= = = =

(2)
Thay (2) vao (1) ta c:
3 / 4
2
/ 4
dx
4 2 3 2sin x
p
p
p p

-

(pcm).
V du 4: Cho ham so:
2
x a khi x 0
f(x)
x 1 khi x 0
+ <
=

+


a/ Xet tnh lien tuc cua ham so a cho tai iem x
0
= 0.
b/ Vi a e ham so lien tuc tai x = 0, hay xac nh
1
1
f(x).dx.
-


Giai:
a/ Ham so xac nh vi moi x R.
Ta co:
2
x 0 x 0 x 0 x 0
lim f(x) lim(x 1) 1 va lim f(x) lim(x a) a.
+ + - -

= + = = + =
f(0) 1. =
Vay:
Neu a = 1 th
x 0 x 0
lim f(x) lim f(x) f(0) 1
+ -

= = = ham so lien tuc tai x
0
= 0
Neu a 1 th
x 0 x 0
lim f(x) lim f(x)
+ -

ham so gian oan tai x
0
= 0
b/ Ta co:

1 0 0 0 1
2
1 1 1 1 0
11
f(x)dx f(x)dx f(x)dx (x 1)dx (x 1)dx .
6
- - - -
= + = + + + =


Chu y: Nh vay chung ta s dung hau het cac tnh chat e giai cac v du ve tch phan,
duy con tnh chat th 9 o co mot dang toan ma cac hoc sinh can quan tam la ao
ham cua ham so xac nh bi tch phan. Ta co cac dang sau:
Dang 1: Vi
x
a
F(x) f(t)dt F'(x) f(x). = =


Vi
a x
x a
F(x) f(t)dt th viet lai F(x) f(t)dt F'(x) f(x). = = - = -


Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 89
Dang 2: Vi
u(x)
a
F(x) f(t)dt F (x) u'(x)f[u(x)]. = =


Dang 3: Vi
u(x)
v(x)
F(x) f(t)dt =

th viet lai:

u(x) v(x)
a a
F(x) f(t)dt f(t)dt F'(x) u'(x)f[u(x)] v'(x)f[v(x)] = - = -


minh hoa bang v du sau:

V du 5: Tnh ao ham cua cac ham so:
a/
x
t 2
a
F(x) (e cost )dt; = +

b/
2
a
2
x
G(x) (t 2 1)dt; = + +


c/
2
x
3
2x
H(x) (t sint)dt. = +


Giai:
a/ Ta co:
x
t 2 x 2
a
F(x) [ (e cost )dt]' e cos x . = + = +


b/ Ta co:
2
2
a x
2 2 2 2 2 2
a
x
G(x) [ (t t 1)dt]' [ (t t 1)dt]' (u)' .(u u 1) = + + = - + + = + +


trong o: u = x
2
, do o:
2 4 4 4 4
G'(x) (x )' .(x x 1) 2x(x x 1). = + + = + +
c/ Ta co:
2 2
x x 2x
3 3 3
2x a a
H'(x) [ (t sint)dt]' [ (t sint)dt (t sint)dt]' = + = + - +



3 3
(u)' .(u sinu) (v)' .(v sinv), = + + + trong o:
2
u x va v 2x, = = do o:

2 6 2 6 2 3
H'(x) (x )' .(x sin ) (2x)' .(8x sin2x) 2x(x sinx ) 2(8x sin2x) = + + + = + + +
TONG KET CHUNG:
e tnh tch phan xac nh ngoai cac phng phap c ban ma chung ta a biet e xac
nh nguyen ham, cu the co:
1. Phng phap s dung bang nguyen ham c ban.
2. Phng phap phan tch
3. Phng phap oi bien
4. Phng phap tch phan tng phan.
5. S dung cac phep bien oi.
con co them mot vai phng phap khac v du nh phng phap cho lp tch phan at biet.
Von de 1: 0h 0h Phk0 8k00 Ph0000 PhkP Phk0 0h

Bang viec s dung cac ong nhat thc e bien oi bieu thc di dau tch phan
thanh tong cac bieu thc ma nguyen ham cua moi bieu thc o co the nhan c t bang
nguyen ham hoac ch bang cac phep bien oi n gian a biet, t o ta xac nh c gia
tr cua tch phan.

Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 90
V du 1: (HTM HN_95) Tnh tch phan:
1 5
2
0
x
I dx.
x 1
=
+


Giai:
S dung ong nhat thc:
5 5 3 3 3 2 2
x x x x x x x (x 1) x(x 1) x. = + - - + = + - + +
Ta c:
1
1
3 4 2 2
2
0 0
x 1 1 1 1 1
I x x dx x x ln(x 1)] ln2 .
4 2 2 2 4 x 1

= - + = - + + = -


+


V du 2: (e 91) Cho
sinx
f(x)
cos x sinx
=
+

a/ Tm hai so A, B sao cho
cosx sinx
f(x) A B
cosx sinx
-
= +

+

b/ Tnh
/ 2
0
f(x)dx.
p


Giai:
a/ Ta co:
sinx cosx sinx (A B) cosx (A B)sinx
A B
cosx sinx cosx sinx cosx sinx
- + + -
= + =

+ + +

ong nhat ang thc, ta c:
A B 0
1
A B .
A B 1 2
+ =
= = -

- =


b/ Vi ket qua cau a/ ta c:

/ 2
/ 2 / 2
0 0 0
1 cosx sinx 1
f(x)dx dx x ln(cosx sinx) .
2 2(cosx sinx 2 4
p
p p
- p
= - - = - - + = -

+




BAI TAP
Bai 1. Tnh cac tch phan:
a/
4
0
dx
;
x

b/
1
0
x 1 xdx; -

c/
1 2
0
x 2x 3
dx;
2 x
- -
-

d/
2
1
dx
x 1 x 1 + + -


S: a/ 4 b/
4
5
c/
1
ln2
2
- d/
1
(3 3 2 2 1)
3
- -
Bai 2. Tnh cac tch phan:
a/
3 2
0
4sin x
;
1 cos x
p
+

b/
8
2 2
0
tg 2x(1 tg 2x)dx;
p
+

c/
x
x 2
0
e
dx;
(e 1) +

d/
3
e
1
dx
x 1 lnx +


S: a/ 2 b/
1
6
c/
1
6
d/ 2
Bai 3. Tm cac gia tr cua a e co ang thc:
2
2 3
1
[a (4 4a)x 4x ]dx 12. + - + =


Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 91
S: a = 3
Bai 4. Cho hai ham so f(x) = 4cosx + 3sinx va g(x) = cosx + 2sinx.
a/ Tm cac so A, B sao cho g(x) = A.f(x) + B.f(x)
b/ Tnh
4
0
g(x)
dx.
f(x)
p


S: a/
2 1
A ; B ;
5 5
= = - b/
1 7
ln
10 5 4 2
p
-
Bai 5. Tm cac hang so A, B e ham so f(x) = Asinpx + B thoa man ong thi cac ieu
kien:
2
0
f '(1) 2 va f(x)dx 4. = =


S:
2
A ; B 2. = - =
p





Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 92

Von de 2: 0h 0h Phk0 8k00 Ph0000 PhkP 00I 8IE0 80

Phng phap oi bien so e tnh tch phan xac nh co hai dang c ban (ngoai ra
con dang 3) da tren nh ly sau:
nh ly:
a. Neu f(x)dx F(x) C va u (x) = + = j

la ham so co ao ham trong [a ; b] th:



(b)
(b)
(a)
(a)
f(u)du F(u)
j
j
j
j
=


b. Neu ham so f(x) xac nh va lien tuc tren oan [a ; b], ham so x = j(t) xac nh va
(i) Ton tai ao ham j(t) lien tuc tren oan [a; b]
(ii) j(a) = a va j(b) = b.
(iii) Khi t bien oi t a en b th x bien thien trong oan [a ; b]
Khi o:
b
a
f(x)dx f[ (t)] '(t)dt.
b
a
= j j



Bai toan 1: S dung phng phap oi bien so dang 1 tnh tsch phan
b
a
I f(x)dx. =


Giai:
Ta thc hien theo cac bc sau:
Bc 1: Chon x = j(t), trong o j(t) la ham so ma ta chon cho thch hp.
Bc 2: Lay vi phan dx = j(t)dt
Bc 3: Tnh cac can a va b tng ng theo a va b
Bc 4: Bieu th f(x)dx theo t va dt. Gia s rang f(x)dx = g(t)dt
Bc 5: Khi o: I g(t)dt.
b
a
=


Lu y: Chung ta can nh la i cac dau hieu dan ti viec la chon an phu kieu tren thong
thng la:
Dau hieu Cach chon
2 2
a x -
x a sint vi / 2 t / 2
x a cost v i 0 t
= - p p

= p


2 2
x a -
a
x v i t [ ; ] \ {0}
sint 2 2
a
x v i t [0; ] \ { }
cost 2
p p
= -

= p


2 2
a x +
x a tgt v i / 2 t / 2
x a cot gt vi 0 t
= - p < < p

= < < p


Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 93
Dau hieu Cach chon
a x a x
hoa c
a x a x
+ -
- +
x = acos2t
(x a)(b x) - -
2
x a (b a)sin t = + -

V du 1: (HTCKT_97) Tnh tch pha n : =
-

2 2
2
0 2
x
I dx.
1 x

Giai:
at x = sint, khi o: dx = costdt
oi can: vi x= 0 t = 0;
2
x t .
2 4
p
= =
Ta co:
2 2 2 2
2 2
x dx sin t. cos tdt sin t. cos tdt sin t costdt 1
(1 cos2t)dt.
cos t cos t 2
1 x 1 sin t
= = = = -
- -

Khi o:
/ 4
/ 4
0 0
1 1 1 1
I (1 cos2t)dt t sin2t .
2 2 2 8 4
p
p
p
= - = - = -


V du 2: Tnh tch phan :
2/ 3
2
2
dx
I
x x 1
=
-


Giai:
at
2
1 cos t
x , khi o : dx dt
sint sin t
= = -
oi can: vi x= 1 t = p/2;
2
x t .
3 3
p
= =
Khi o:
/ 2 / 2
2
/ 2
/ 3
/ 3 / 3
2
1
costdt
sin t
dt t
1
6
1
sint 1
sin t
p p
p
p
p p
-
p
= = =
-


Chu y: Cung co the s dung phep oi:
2/ 3
2 2
2
dx
I
1
x 1
x
=
-

.
T o s dung phep oi bien
1
t ,
x
= ta se nhan c:
3 / 2
2
1/ 2
dt
I .
1 t
=
-


Roi tiep tuc s dung phep oi bien t = sinu, ta c
/ 3
/ 3
/ 6
/ 3
I du u .
6
p
p
p
p
p
= = =


o chnh la li giai co the bo sung (e phu hp vi han che chng trnh cua Bo
Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 94
GD&T) hau het cac tai lieu tham khao trc ay.
V du 3: Tnh tch phan :
0
a
a x
I dx, (a 0)
a x
+
= >
-


Giai:
at x a. cos2t, khi o : dx 2a.sin2tdt. = = -
oi can: vi x a t
2
p
= - = ; x 0 t
4
p
= =
Ta co:
a x a a. cos2t
dx ( 2a.sin2tdt) cot gt ( 2a.sin2tdt)
a x a a.cos2t
+ +
= - = -
- -


2
4a. cos t.dt 2a(1 cos2t)dt. = - = - +
Khi o:
/ 2
/ 2
/ 4
/ 4
1
I 2a (1 cos2t)dt 2a t sin2t a 1
2 4
p
p
p
p
p
= - + = - - = -

.

Bai toan 2: S dung phng phap oi bien so dang 2 tnh tch phan
b
a
I f(x)dx. =


Giai:
Ta thc hien theo cac bc sau:
Bc 1: Chon x = j(t), trong o j(t) la ham so ma ta chon cho thch hp, roi xac nh x =
y(x) (neu co the).
Bc 2: Xac nh vi phan dx = j(t)dt
Bc 3: Tnh cac can a va b tng ng theo a va b
Bc 4: Bieu th f(x)dx theo t va dt. Gia s rang f(x)dx = g(t)dt
Bc 5: Khi o: I g(t)dt.
b
a
=


Lu y: Cac dau hieu dan ti viec la chon an phu kieu tren thong thng la:

Dau hieu Cach chon
Ham co mau so t la mau so
Ham f(x, (x)) j t (x) = j
Ham
a.sinx b. cosx
f(x)
c.sinx d.cosx e
+
=
+ +

x x
t tg (v i cos 0)
2 2
=
Ham
1
f(x)
(x a)(x b)
=
+ +

Vi x + a > 0 & x + b > 0, at:
t x a x b = + + +
Vi x + a < 0 & x + b < 0, at:
t x a x b = - - + - -
Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 95
V du 4: Tnh tch phan :
/ 3
2
/ 6
cosdx
I
sin x 5sinx 6
p
p
=
- +


Giai:
at x = sint, khi o: dt = cosxdx
oi can: vi
1
x t
6 2
p
= = ;
3
x t
3 2
p
= =
Ta co:
2 2
cosdx dt dt
(t 2)(t 3) sin x 5sinx 6 t 5t 6
= =
- - - + - +

A B [(A B)t 2A 3B]dt
dt
t 3 t 2 (t 2)(t 3)
+ - -
= + =

- - - -

T o:
A B 0 A 1
2A 3B 1 B 1
+ = =


- - = = -


Suy ra:
2
cosxdx 1 1
dt.
t 3 t 2 sin x 5sinx 6

= -

- - - +

Khi o:
3 / 2
3 / 2
1/ 2 1/ 2
1 1 t 3 3(6 3)
I dt ln ln
t 3 t 2 t 2 5(4 3)
- -

= - = =

- - - -


V du 5: Tnh tch phan :
7 3
3 2
0
x dx
I
1 x
=
+


Giai:
at
3 2 3 2
t x 1 t x 1, = + = + khi o:
2
2
3t dt
3t dt 2xdx dx .
2x
= =
oi can: vi x = 0 t = 1; x 7 t 2. = =
Ta co:
3 3 2
3 4
3 2
x dx x .3t dt
3t(t 1)dt 3(t t)dt.
2xt
1 x
= = - = -
+

Khi o:
2
2 5 2
4
1 1
t t 141
I 3 (t t)dt 3 .
5 2 10

= - = - =



Bai toan 3: S dung phng phap oi bien so dang 3 tnh tch phan
b
a
I f(x)dx. =


Giai:
Da vao viec anh gia can cua tch phan va tnh chat cua ham so di dau tch
phan ta co the la chon phep at an phu, thong thng:
Vi
a
a
I f(x)dx 0
-
= =

co the la chon viec at x = t


Vi
/ 2
0
I f(x)dx
p
=

co the la chon viec at t x.
2
p
= -
Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 96
Vi
0
I f(x)dx
p
=

co the la chon viec at t = p x


Vi
2
0
I f(x)dx
p
=

co the la chon viec at t = 2p x
Vi
b
a
I f(x)dx =

co the la chon viec at x = a + b + t


Ghi chu: Xem va n e 6
V du 6: Tnh tch phan :
1
2004
1
I x sinxdx
-
=


Giai:
Viet lai I ve di dang:
0 1
2004 2004
1 0
I x sinxdx x sinxdx.
-
= +

(1)
Xet tch phan
0
2004
1
J x sinxdx.
-
=


at x t dx dt = - = - khi o:
2
2
3t dt
3t dt 2xdx dx .
2x
= =
oi can: x = 1 t = 1; x = 0 t = 0
Khi o:
0 1
2004 2004
1 0
I ( t) sin( t)dt x sinxdx. = - - - = -


Thay (2) vao (1) ta c I = 0. (2)
V du 7: (HGT Tp.HCM_99) Tnh tch pha n :
/ 2 4
4 4
0
cos x
I dx.
cos x sin x
p
=
+


Giai:
at t x dx dt
2
p
= - = -
oi can: vi x = 0 t =
2
p
; x t 0.
2
p
= =
Khi o:
4
0 / 2 / 2 4 4
4 4 4 4
4 4
/ 2 0 0
cos ( t)( dt)
sin tdt sin x
2
I dx.
cos t sin t cos x sin x
cos ( t) sin ( t)
2 2
p p
p
p
- -
= = =
p p
+ +
- + -


Do o:
/ 2 / 2 4 4
4 4
0 0
cos x sin x
2I dx dx I .
2 4 cos x sin x
p p
+ p p
= = = =
+





Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 97
BAI TAP
Bai 6. Tnh cac tch phan sau:
a/
1
5 3 6
0
x (1 x ) dx; -

b/
1
4 2
0
xdx
x x 1 + +

c/
3
5 2
0
x 1 x dx; -

d/
3
2
2
0
sinx. cos x
dx
1 cos x
p
+


S: a/
1
;
168
b/
3
18
p
c/
848
;
105
d/
1 1
ln2.
2 2
-
Bai 7. Tnh cac tch phan sau:
a/
6
2
0
cosx.dx
;
6 5sinx sin x
p
- +

b/
2
0
cosx
dx;
7 cos2x
p
+


c/
1
x
1
cosx.dx
;
e 1
-
+

d/
2
0
x.sinx. cos xdx
p


S: a/
10
ln ;
9
b/
2
;
12
p
c/ sin1; d/ ;
3
p

Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 98

Von de 3: 0h 0h Phk0 8k00 Ph0000 PhkP 0h Phk0 000 Phk0

Cong thc:
b b
b
a
a a
udv uv vdu = -



Bai toan1: S dung co ng thc tch phan t ng phan xac nh
b
a
I f(x)dx. =


PHNG PHAP GIAI
Ta thc hien theo cac bc sau:
Bc 1: Bien oi tch phan ban au ve dang:
b b
1 2
a a
I f(x)dx f (x).f (x)dx. = =


Bc 2: at:
1
2 2
u f (x) du
dv f (x )dx v
=


=


Bc 3: Khi o:
b
b
a
a
I uv vdu. = -


Chung ta can nh lai cac dang c ban:
Dang 1: I P(x)sin xdx (hoac P(x) cos xdx) = a a

vi P la mot a thc thuoc R[x] va
*
R a khi o at u = P(x).
Dang 2:
ax ax
I e cos(bx) (hoa c e sin(bx)) =

vi a, b 0 khi o at u = cos(bx) hoac u =
sin(bx)).
Dang 3:
x x
I P(x)e dx (hoa c I P(x)e dx)
a a
= =

vi P la mot a thc thuoc R[x] va
*
R a
khi o ta at u = P(x).
Dang 4: I x . lnxdx, vi R \ { 1}
a
= a -

khi o at u = lnx.
V du 1: Tnh tch phan:
/ 2
2
0
I (x 1)sinxdx.
p
= +


Giai:
at:
2
du 2xdx u (x 1)
v cosx dv sinxdx
= = +


= - =


Khi o:
/ 2 / 2
/ 2
2
0
0 0
I (x 1) cosx 2 xcosxdx 1 2 xcosxdx
p p
p
= - + + = +

(1)
Xet tch phan
/ 2
0
J xcos xdx.
p
=


Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 99
at:
u x du dx
dv cosxdx v sinx
= =


= =


Khi o:
/ 2
/ 2 / 2
0 0
0
J xsinx sinxdx cosx 1
2 2
p
p p p p
= - = + = -

(2)
Thay (2) vao (1) ta c: I 1 2 1 1.
2
p
= + - = p -



V du 2: (e 37). Tnh tch phan:
2x 2
0
I e sin xdx.
p
=


Giai:
Bien oi I ve dang:
2x 2 2x
0 0
1
I e sin xdx e (1 cos2x)dx
2
p p
= = -

(1)
Xet tch phan:
2
2x 2x
1
0
0
1 e 1
I e dx e
2 2 2
p
p p
= = = -

(2)
Xet tch phan:
2x
2
0
I e cos2xdx
p
=


at:
2x 2x
du 2sin2xdx
u cos2x
1
v e dv e dx
2
= -
=


= =


Khi o:
2
2x 2x 2x
2
0
0 0
1 e 1
I e cos2x e sin2xdx e sin2xdx
2 2 2
p
p p p
= + = - +

(3)
Xet tch phan:
2x
2, 1
0
I e sin2xdx
p
=


at:
2x 2x
du 2cos2xdx
u sin2x
1
v e dv e dx
2
=
=


= =


Khi o:
2
2x 2x
2, 1 2
0
0
I
1
I e sin e cos2xdx I .
2
p
p
= - = -

1442443
(4)
Thay (4) vao (3), ta c:
2 2
2 2 2
e 1 e 1
I I I .
2 2 4 4
p p
= - - = - (5)
Thay (2), (5) vao (1), ta c:
2 2
2
1 e 1 e 1 1
I [ ( )] (e 1).
2 2 2 4 4 8
p p
p
= - - - = -
V du 3: (HHH Tp.HCM_2000) Tnh tch phan:
2
2
1
ln(1 x)
I dx.
x
+
=


Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 100
Giai:
at:
2
1
u ln(1 x) du dx
1 x
dx
1 dv
v
x
x

= + =

+


=

=


Khi o:
2
2 2
1
1 1
1 1 1 1 1
I ln(x 1) dx ln3 ln2 dx
x x(x 1) 2 x 1 x

= - + + = - + + +

+ +



2
1
1 3
ln3 ln2 (ln | x | ln(x 1)) ln3 3ln2.
2 2
= - + + - + = - +

BAI TAP
Bai 8. Tnh cac tch phan sau:
a/
x
2
0
e .sin3xdx;
p

b/
1
2 x
0
(x 1) e dx; +

c/
e
2
1
(x. lnx) dx;


d/
1
2
0
xln(x 1)dx +

e/
2
0
cosx.ln(1 cosx)dx;
p
+

f/
e
1
2
e
lnx
dx.
(x 1) +


S: a/
x
3 2e
;
13
-
b/
2
5e 1
;
4
-
c/
3
7e 1
27
-
d/
1
ln2 ;
2
- e/ 1;
2
p
- f/
2e
.
e 1 +

Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 101

Von de 4: 0h 0h Phk0 0k0 hkN 0h0k 0k0 | 0IE 00I

Bai toan: Tnh tch phan:
b
a
I f(x, m)dx. =


PHNG PHAP GIAI
Ta thc hien theo cac bc sau:
Bc 1: Xet dau bieu thc f(x, m) tren [a, b]
T o phan c oan [a, b] thanh cac oan nho, gia s:
1 1 2 k
[a, b] [a, c ] [c , c ] ... [c , b]. =
ma tren moi oan f(x, m) co mot dau.
Bc 2: Khi o:
1 2
1 k
c c b
a c c
I f(x, m) dx f(x, m) dx ... f(x, m)dx. = + + +


V du 1: Tnh tch phan:
4
2
1
I x 3x 2dx
-
= - +


Giai:
Ta i xet dau ham so
2
f(x) x 3x 2 = - + tren [1, 4], ta c:
x 1 1 2 4
f(x) + 0 0 +
Khi o:
1 2 4
2 2 2
1 1 2
I (x 3x 2)dx (x 3x 2)dx (x 3x 2)dx
-
= - + - - + + - +



1 2 4
3 2 3 2 3 2
1 1 2
1 3 1 3 1 3 19
x x 2x x x 2x x x 2x .
3 2 3 2 3 2 2
-

= - + - - + + - + =



Chu y: Vi ca c bai toan cha tham so can ch ra c cac trng hp rieng biet cu a tham
so e kheo leo chia c khoang cho tch phan, ta xet hai dang thng gap trong pham vi
pho thong sau:
Dang 1: Vi tch phan:
b
a
I x dx. = - a


PHNG PHAP GIAI
Khi o vi x [a, b] can xet cac trng hp:
Trng hp 1: Neu a b th:

b
b 2
a a
x 1
I ( x)dx x (a b)(a b 2 )
2 2

= a- = a - = - + - a


Trng hp 2: Neu a < a < b th:
Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 102

b
b 2 2
a
a
x x
I ( x)dx (x )dx ( x ) ( x)
2 2
a
a
a
a
= a- + - a = a - + - a


2 2 2
1
(a b) (a b ).
2
= a + + a+ +
Trng hp 3: Neu a a th:

b
b 2
a
a
x 1
I (x )dx ( x) (a b)(2 a b).
2 2
= - a = - a = - a- -



Dang 2: Vi tch phan:
b
2
a
I x x dx. = - a +b


PHNG PHAP GIAI
Khi o vi x [a, b] can xet cac trng hp:
Trng hp 1: Neu
2
4 0 D = a - b th:
b
2
a
I (x x )dx = + a +b


Trng hp 2: Neu D > 0 th
2
x x 0 + a +b = co hai nghiem phan biet
1 2
x x . <
Neu
1 2 1 2
x x a hoac b x x < < th:
b
2
a
I (x x )dx. = + a +b


Neu
1 2
x a b x < th:
b
2
a
I (x x )dx. = + a +b


Neu
1 2
x a x b < < th:
2
2
x b
2 2
a x
I (x x )dx (x x )dx. = - + a +b + + a +b


Neu
1 2
a x b x < th:
1
1
x b
2 2
a x
I (x x )dx (x x )dx. = + a +b - + a +b


Neu
1 2
a x x b th:
1 2
1 2
x x b
2 2 2
a x x
I (x x )dx (x x )dx (x x )dx. = +a +b - +a +b + +a +b


Chu y: Vi bai toan cu the thng th cac nghiem x
1
, x
2
co the c so sanh t nhien vi
cac can a, b e giam bt cac trng hp can xet va ay la ieu cac em hoc sinh can lu
tam.
V du 2: (HYD TP.HCM_96) Tnh tch phan:
1
0
I x. x a dx (a 0) = - >


Giai:
Ta i xet cac trng hp sau:
Trng hp 1: Neu a 1
Khi o:
1
1 1 3 2
2
0 0 0
x ax a 1
I x.(x a)dx (x ax)dx .
3 2 2 3

= - - = - - = - - = -




Trng hp 2: Neu 0 < a < 1
Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 103
Khi o:
a 1 a 1
2 2
0 a 0 0
I x.(x a)dx x.(x a)dx (x ax)dx (x ax)dx = - - + - = - - + -



a 1
3 2 3 2 3
0 a
x ax x ax a a 1
.
3 2 3 2 3 2 3

= - - + - = - +




BAI TAP
Bai 9. Tnh cac tch phan sau:
a/
5
3
(| x 2 | | x 2 | dx;
-
+ - -

b/
1
2
1
(| 2x 1| (x | )dx;
-
- -

c/
1
4 2
1
| x | dx
;
x x 12
-
- -


d/
4
2
1
x 6x 9dx; - +

e/
1
1
4 | x | .dx;
-
-

f/
1
1
| x | xdx
-
-


g/
3
x
0
| 2 4 | dx; -

h/
3
3 2
0
x 2x xdx. - +


S: a/ 8; b/
3
2
c/
2 3
ln ;
7 4
d/
5
;
2

e/ 2(5 3); - f/
2 2
;
3
g/
1
4 ;
ln2
+ h/
24 3 8
.
15
+

Bai 10. Tnh cac tch phan sau:
a/
2
2
| sinx | dx;
p
p
-

b/
0
2 2cos2xdx
p
+


c/
0
1 sin2xdx;
p
-

d/
2
0
1 sinx.dx.
p
+


S: a/ 2; b/ 4; c/ 2 2; d/ 4 2.
Bai 11. Cho
1
x
0
I(t) | e t | .dx, t R = -


a/ Tnh I(t).
b/ Tm gia tr nho nhat cua I(t), vi t R.
S: a/
t 1 e, t e
2t. lnt 3t e 1, 1 t e
e t 1, t 1
+ -

- + + < <

- -

b/
2
minI(t) ( 3 1) , t e. = - =
Bai 12. Tnh cac tch phan sau:
a/
1
0
| x m | dx; -

b/
2
2
1
| x (a 1)x a | dx. - + +


S: a/
2
1
m, m 0
2
1
m m , 0 m 1.
2

- + <

b/
3
3a 5
,a 2
6
(a 1) 3a 5
, 1 a 2
3 6
5 3a
, a 1
6
-

- -
- < <





Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 104
Von de 5: 0k0h 0h:

b b
a a
max[f(x), g(x)]dx, min[f(x), g(x)]dx.

Phng phap:
Ta tm max[f(x), g(x)], min[f(x), g(x) bang cach xet hieu:
f(x) g(x) - tren oan [a ; b]
Gia s ta co bang xet dau:



T bang xet dau ta co:
vi x [a; c] th max[f(x), g(x)] f(x) =
vi x [c; b] th max[f(x), g(x)] g(x). =
T o:
b c b
a a c
max[f(x), g(x)dx [f(x),g(x)]dx max[f(x), g(x)]dx = +



c b
a c
f(x).dx g(x).dx = +


Cach tm min[f(x), g(x)] thc hien tng t.

V du: Tnh tch phan:
2
0
I max[f(x), g(x)]dx, =

trong o
2
f(x) x va g(x) 3x 2. = = -
Giai:
Xet hieu:
2
f(x) g(x) x 3x 2 - = - + tren oan [0 ; 2] :



Do o:
Vi
2
x [0; 1] th max[f(x); g(x)] x =
Vi x [1; 2] th max[f(x); g(x)] 3x 2 = -
Ta co:
1 2
0 1
I max[f(x); g(x)]dx max[f(x); g(x)]dx = +



1
2
3
1 2
2 2
0 1
0 1
x 3
x dx (3x 2)dx x 2x
3 2
1 3 17
6 4 2 .
3 2 6

= + - = + -


= + - - + =


BAI TAP
Bai 13. Tnh cac tch phan sau:
a/
2
2
0
max(x; x )dx;

b/
2
2
1
min(1; x )dx;


c/
2
3
0
min(x; x )dx;

d/
2
0
(sinx, cosx)dx.
p


S: a/
55
;
6
b/
4
;
3
c/
7
;
4
d/ 2 2. -


x a c b
f(x) g(x) + 0

x 0 1 2
f(x) g(x) + 0

0
Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 105
Von de 6: l0P 0k0 0h Phk0 0k0 8IE

Trong van e nay ta i chng minh roi ap dung mot so tnh chat cho nhng lp tch
phan ac biet.

Tnh chat 1: Neu f(x) lien tuc va la ham le tren [a ; a] th:
a
a
I f(x)dx 0.
-
= =


PHNG PHAP GIAI
Bien oi I ve dang:
a 0 a
a a 0
I f(x)dx f(x)dx f(x)dx
- -
= = +

(1)
Xet tnh phan
0
a
J f(x)dx.
-
=


at x t dx dt = - = -
oi can: x = a t = a; x = 0 t = 0
Mat khac v f(x) la ham le f(t) = f(t).
Khi o:
0 a a
a 0 0
J f( t)dt f(t)dt f(x)dx. = - - = - = -


Thay (2) vao (1) ta c I = 0 (pcm).
Ap dung:
V du 1: Tnh tch phan:
1/ 2
1/ 2
1 x
I cosx. ln dx.
1 x
-
-
=

+


Giai:
Nhan xet rang: ham so
1 x
f(x) cos x.ln
1 x
-
=

+
co:
Lien tuc tren
1 1
;
2 2

-




1 x 1 x
f(x) f( x) cos x.ln cos( x). ln
1 x 1 x
- -
+ - = + -

+ +


1 x 1 x
ln ln cosx ln1. cosx 0.
1 x 1 x
- +
= + = =


+ -

f( x) f(x). - = -
Vay, f(x) la ham le tren
1 1
;
2 2

-


, do o theo tnh chat 1 ta c I = 0.
Chu y quan trong:
1. Khi gap dang tch phan tren thong thng hoc sinh ngh ngay ti phng phap tch
Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 106
phan tng phan, xong o lai khong phai y kien hay. ieu o cho thay viec nhn nhan
tnh chat can va ac tnh cu a ham so di da u tch phan e t o nh hng viec la
chon phng phap giai rat quan trong.
2. Tuy nhien vi mot bai thi th v tnh chat 1 khong c trnh bay trong pham vi kien
thc cua sach giao khoa do o cac em hoc sinh len trnh bay nh sau:

0 1/ 2
1/ 2 0
1 x 1 x
I cosx. ln dx cosx. ln dx
1 x 1 x
-
- -
= +

+ +

. (1)
Xet tnh chat
0
1/ 2
1 x
J cosx. ln dx
1 x
-
-
=

+


at x t dx dt = - = -
oi can:
1 1
x t .
2 2
= - = x = 0 t = 0.
Khi o:

0 1/ 2 1/ 2
1/ 2 0 0
1 t 1 t 1 x
I cos( t). ln dt cost. ln dt cosx. ln dx
1 t 1 t 1 x
+ - -
= - - = - = -

- + +

(2)
Thay (2) vao (1) ta c I = 0.
3. Vay ke t ay tr i chung ta se i ap dung y tng trong phng phap chng minh
tnh chat e giai v du trong muc ap dung.

Tnh chat 2: Neu f(x) lien tuc va la ham chan tren oan [a ; a] th:
a a
a 0
I f(x)dx 2 f(x)dx.
-
= =


PHNG PHAP GIAI
Bien oi I ve dang:
a 0 a
a a 0
I f(x)dx f(x)dx f(x)dx
- -
= = +

(1)
Xet tnh phan
0
a
J f(x)dx.
-
=


at x t dx dt = - = -
oi can: x = a t = a; x = 0 t = 0
Mat khac v f(x) la ham chan f(t) = f(t)
Khi o:
0 a a a
a 0 0 0
J f( t)dt f(t)dt f(t)dt f(x)dx = - - = = =

(2)
Thay (2) vao (1) ta c
a
0
I 2 f(x)dx =

pcm.
Chu y quan trong:
1. Trong pham vi pho thong tnh chat tren khong mang nhieu y ngha ng dung, do o
khi gap cac bai toan kieu nay chung ta tot nhat c xac nh:
a
a
I f(x)dx
-
=


Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 107
bang cach thong thng, th du vi tch phan:
1
2
1
I x dx.
-
=


Ta khong nen s dung phep bien oi:
1
1 3
2
0
0
2x 2
I 2 x dx .
3 3
= = =


bi khi o ta nhat thiet can i chng minh lai tnh chat 2, ieu nay khien bai toan tr
nen cong kenh hn nhieu so vi cach lam thong thng, cu the:
1
3
1
x 2
I .
3 3
-
= =
2. Tuy nhien khong the phu nhan s tien li cua no trong mot vai trng hp rat ac
biet.
Tnh chat 3: Neu f(x) lien tuc va la chan tren R th :
x
0
f(x)dx
I f(x)dx v i R va a 0.
a 1
a a
+
-a
= = "a >
+


PHNG PHAP GIAI
Bien oi I ve dang:
0
x x x
0
f(x)dx f(x)dx f(x)dx
I
a 1 a 1 a 1
a a
-a -a
= = +
+ + +


Xet tnh phan
0
1 x
f(x)dx
I
a 1
-a
=
+


at x t dx dt = - = -
oi can: x = 0 t = 0; x = a t = a.
Mat khac v f(x) la ham chan f)t) = f(t).
Khi o:
0 t t
1 t t t
0 0
f( t)dt a f(t)dt a f(t)dt
I
a 1 a 1 a 1
a a
-
a
-
= = =
+ + +


Vay:
t x
t x x
0 0 0 0
a f(t)dt f(x)dx (a 1)f(x)dx
I f(x)dx.
a 1 a 1 a 1
a a a a
+
= = = =
+ + +


Ap dung:
V du 2: Tnh tch phan:
1 4
x
1
x dx
I
2 1
-
=
+


Giai:
Bien oi I ve dang:
0 1 4 4
x x
1 0
x dx x dx
I
2 1 2 1
-
= +
+ +

(1)
Xet tch phan
0 4
x
1
x dx
J
2 1
-
=
+


at x = t dx = dt
oi can: x = 1 t = 1, x = 0 t = 0.
Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 108
Khi o:
0 1 1 4 4 t 4 x
t t x
1 0 0
( t) dt t .2 .dt x .2 .dx
J
2 1 2 1 2 1
-
-
= - = =
+ + +

(2)
Thay (2) vao (1) ta c:
1 1 1 1 4 x 4 4 x
4
x x x
0 0 0 0
x .2 .dx x dx x (2 1)dx 1
I x dx .
5 2 1 2 1 2 1
+
= + = = =
+ + +



Tnh chat 4: Neu f(x) lien tuc tren 0;
2
p


th:
/ 2 / 2
0 0
f(sinx)dx f(cosx)dx.
p p
=


CHNG MINH
at t x dx dt
2
p
= - = -
oi can: x 0 t ,
2
p
= = x t 0.
2
p
= =
Khi o:
/ 2 0 / 2 / 2
0 / 2 0 0
f(sinx)dx f(sin( t)dt f(cost)dt f(cosx)dx
2
p p p
p
p
= - - = =

pcm.
Chu y quan trong:
Nh vay viec ap dung tnh chat 4 e tnh tch phan:

/ 2 / 2
0 0
I f(sinx)dx (hoa c I f(cosx)dx).
p p
= =


thng c thc hien theo cac bc sau:
Bc 1: Bang phep oi bien t x
2
p
= - nh trong phan chng minh tnh chat,
ta thu c
/ 2
0
I f(cosx)dx.
p
=


Bc 2: i xac nh kI (no c phan tch
/ 2 / 2
0 0
kI f(sinx)dx f(cosx)dx)),
p p
= a +b


thng la:
/ 2 / 2 / 2
0 0 0
2I f(sinx)dx f(cosx)dx [f(sinx) f(cosx)]dx
p p p
= + = +

.
T o suy ra gia tr cua I.
Ap dung:
V du 3: Tnh tch phan:
/ 2 n
n n
0
cos xdx
I
cos x sin x
p
=
+


Giai:
at t x dx dt
2
p
= - = -
oi can: x 0 t ,
2
p
= = x t 0.
2
p
= =
Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 109
Khi o:
n
0 / 2 / 2 n n
n n n n
n n
/ 2 0 0
cos t ( dt)
sin tdt sin x
2
I dx.
cos t sin t cos x sin x
cos t sin t
2 2
p p
p
p

- -


= = =
p p
+ +
- + -




Do o:
/ 2 / 2 n n
n n
0 0
cos x sin x
2I dx dx I .
2 4 cos x sin x
p p
+ p p
= = = =
+


Tnh chat 5: Neu f(x) lien tuc va f(a + b x) = f(x) th
b b
a a
a b
I xf(x)dx f(x)dx.
2
+
= =


CHNG MINH
at x a b t dx dt = + - = -
oi can: x = a t = b; x = b t = a
Khi o:
a b
b a
I (a b t)f(a b t)( dt) (a b t)f(t)dt = + - + - - - + -



b b b b b
a a a a a
(a b)f(t)dt tf(t)dt (a b) f(t)dt xf(x)dx (a b) f(t)dt I = + - = + - = + -



b b
a a
a b
2I (a b) f(t)dt I f(x)dx.
2
+
= + =


He qua 1: Neu f(x) lien tuc tren [0 ; 1] th: I xf(sinx)dx f(sinx)dx
2
p-a p-a
a a
p
= =


Hng dan chng minh: at x = p t dx = dt.
Ap dung:
V du 4: Tnh tch phan:
2
0
xsinxdx
I .
4 cos x
p
=
-


Giai:
Bien oi I ve dang:
2 2
0 0 0
xsinxdx xsinxdx
I xf(sinx)dx.
4 (1 sin x) 3 sin x
p p p
= = =
- - +


at x t dx dt = p- = -
oi can: x = p t = 0; x = 0 t = p.
Khi o:
0
2 2 2 2
0 0 0
( t)sin( t)dt ( t)sintdt sintdt t sintdt
I
4 cos ( t) 4 cos t 4 cos t 4 cos t
p p p
p
p - p - p - p
= - = = -
- p- - - -



2 2 2
0 0 0
d(cost) d(cost) d(cost)
I 2I
4 cos t 4 cos t cos t 4
p p p
= -p - = -p = p
- - -



2
0 0
d(cost) 1 cost 2 ln9
I . ln .
2 2 4 cost 2 8 cos t 4
p
p
p p - p
= = =
+ -


Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 110
He qua 2: Neu f(x) lien tuc tren [0 ; 1] th:
2 2
I xf(cosx)dx f(cosx)dx.
p-a p-a
a a
= = p


Hng dan chng minh: at x = 2p t dx = dt.
Ap dung:
V du 5: Tnh tch phan:
2
3
0
I x. cos xdx
p
=


Giai:
at x 2 t dx dt = p - = -
oi can: x = 2p t = 0; x = 0 t = 2p.
Khi o:
0 2
3 3
2 0
I (2 t). cos (2 t)( dt) (2 t). cos tdt
p
p
= p - p - - = p -



2 2 2
3 3
0 0 0
2 cos tdt t cos tdt (cos3t 3cos t)dt I
2
p p p
p
= p - = + -



2
0
1
2I sin3t 3sint 0 I 0.
2 3
p
p
= + = =



Tnh chat 6: Neu f(x) lien tuc va f(a + b x) = f(x) th
b
a
I f(x)dx 0. = =


CHNG MINH
at x a b t dx dt = + - = -
oi can: x = a t = b; x = b t = a
Khi o:
a b b
b a a
I f(a b t)( dt) f(t)dt f(x)dx I 2I 0 I 0. = + - - = - = - = - = =


Ap dung:
V du 6: (CSPKT_2000) Tnh tch phan:
/ 2
0
1 sinx
I ln dx.
1 cos x
p
+
=

+


Giai:
at t x dx dt
2
p
= - = -
oi can: x 0 t ,
2
p
= = x t 0.
2
p
= =
Khi o:
0 / 2
/ 2 0 0
1 sin t
1 cost 1 sint
2
I ln ( dt) ln dt ln dt
1 sint 1 cos t
1 cos t
2
p p
p
p
+ -


+ +

= - = = -

p + +

+ -





/ 2
0
1 sinx
ln dx I 2I 0 I 0.
1 cosx
p
+
= - = - = =

+


Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 111
Chu y: Neu ta phat bieu lai tnh chat 6 di dang:
Gia s f(x) len tuc tren [a ; b], khi o:
b a
a b
f(x)dx f(a b x)dx" = + -


ieu o se giup chung ta co c mot phng phap oi bien mi, cu the ta xet
v du sau:
V du 7: Tnh tch phan:
/ 4
0
I ln(1 tgx)dx.
p
= +


Giai:
at t x dx dt
4
p
= - = -
oi can: x 0 t ,
4
p
= = x t 0
4
p
= =
Khi o:
0 / 4 / 4
/ 4 0 0
1 tgt 2
I ln[1 tg( t)dt ln(1 )dt ln dt
4 1 tgt 1 tgt
p p
p
p -
= - + - = + =
+ +



/ 4 / 4 / 4
/ 4
0
0 0 0
[ln2 ln(1 tgt)]dt ln2 dt ln(1 tgt)dt ln2.t I
p p p
p
= - + = - + = -



ln2 ln2
2I I .
4 8
p p
= =
Tnh chat 7: Neu f(x) lien tuc tren oan [0 ; 2a] vi a > 0 th
2a a
a 0
f(x)dx [f(x) f(2a x)]dx. = + -


CHNG MINH
Ta co:
2a a 2a
a 0 a
f(x)dx f(x0dx f(x)dx = +

(1)
Xet tch phan
2a
2
a
I f(x)dx. =


at x 2a t dx dt = - = -
oi can: x = a t = a; x = 2a t = 0.
Khi o:
0 a a
2
a 0 0
I f(2a t)dt f(2a t)dt f(2a x)dx = - - = - = -

(2)
Thay (2) vao (1) , ta c:

2a a a a
a 0 0 0
f(x)dx f(x)dx f(2a x)dx [f(x) f(2a x)]dx = + - = + -

. (pcm)
Ap dung:
V du 8: Tnh tch phan:
3
0
I sinx.sin2x.sin3x. cos5xdx.
p
=


Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 112
Giai:
Viet lai I di dang:

3 / 2 3
0 3 / 2
I sinx.sin2x.sin3x. cos5xdx sinx.sin2x.sin3x. cos5xdx.
p p
p
= +

(1)
Xet tch phan
3
3 / 2
J sinx.sin2x.sin3x. cos5xdx.
p
p
=


at x 3 t dx dt = p - = -
oi can:
3 3
x t ,
2 2
p p
= = x 3 t 0. = p =
Khi o:
0
3 / 2
J sin(3 t).sin2(3 t).sin3(3 t). cos5(3 t)dt
p
= - p - p- p- p -



3 / 2 3 / 2
0 0
sint.sin2t.sin3t. cos5tdt sinx.sin2x.sin3x. cos5xdx.
p p
= - = -

(2)
Thay (2) vao (1), ta c: I = 0.
Tnh chat 8: Neu f(x) lien tuc tren R va tuan hoan vi chu ky T th :
a T T
a 0
f(x)dx f(x)dx.
+
=


CHNG MINH
Ta co:
T a a T T
0 0 a a T
f(x)dx f(x)dx f(x)dx f(x)dx
+
+
= + +

(1)
Xet tch phan
T
3
a T
I f(x)dx.
+
=


at t x T dx dt = - =
oi can: x = a + T t = a; x = T t = 0.
Khi o:
0 a a
3
a 0 0
I f(t T)dt f(t)dt f(x)dx. = + = - = -

(2)
Thay (2) vao (1) , ta c:
T a T
0 a
f(x)dx f(x)dx.
+
=

(pcm)
Ap dung:
V du 8: Tnh tch phan:
2004
0
I 1 cos2xdx.
p
= -


Giai:
Viet lai I di dang:

2004 2 4 2004
0 0 2 2002
I 2 sinx dx 2( sinx dx sinx dx ... sinx dx)
p p p p
p p
= = + + +

(1)
Theo tnh chat 8, ta c:
Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 113

2 4 2
0 2 0
sinx dx sinx dx 1002( sinxdx sinxdx)
p p p p
p p
= = -



2
0
1002 2(cosx cosx ) 4008 2.
p p
p
= + =
Nhan xet: Nh vay neu bai thi yeu cau tnh tch phan dang tren th cac em hoc sinh nha t
thiet phai phat bieu va chng minh c tnh chat 8, t o ap dung cho tch phan can tm.
BAI TAP
Bai 14. Tnh cac tch phan sau:
a/
2
1
x
1
1 x
dx;
1 2
-
-
+

b/
2
2
2
x cosx
dx;
4 sin x
p
p
-
+
-

c/
3
0
x.sin x.dx;
p

d/
2
x
sin x
dx;
3 1
p
-p
+


e/
2 2
2
x
2
x | sin x |
dx;
1 2
p
p
-
+

f/
4
1
2
1
x sinx
dx;
x 1
-
+
+

g/
2 1
x 2 2
1
(e .sinx e .x )dx;
-
+


h/
1
3 2
1
ln (x x 1) dx;
-
+ +

i/
1
x 2
1
dx
;
(e 1)(x 1)
-
+ +

k/
7
2
7 7
0
sin x
dx.
sin x cos x
p
+


S: a/ ;
4
p
b/
1
ln9;
2
c/
3
;
4
p
d/ ;
2
p
e/ 2; p+
f/
4
;
2 3
p
- g/
2
2
e ;
3
h/ 0; i/ ;
4
p
k/ .
4
p

Bai 15. Cho lien tuc tren R va thoa man: f(x) f( x) 2 2cos2x, x R + - = - "
Tnh tch phan
3
2
3
2
I f(x)dx.
p
p
-
=

S: 6.
Bai 16. Chng minh rang:
tg cot g
1 1
2 2
e e
x.dx dx
1, (tg 0)
x 1 x(x 1)
a a
+ = a >
+ +

.
Bai 17. Cho ham so f(x) lien tuc tren oan
1
[0; ) thoa man f(t) f ,
t

+ =


vi t 0 " > va
ham so.
f(tgx) , neu 0 x
2
g(x)
f(0) , neu x
2
p

=

p


Chng minh rang:
a/ g(x) lien tuc tren 0; ;
2
p


b/
2 4
0
4
g(x).dx g(x).dx.
p p
p
=


Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 114

Von de 7. 0h Phk0 0k0 hkN 80 h00
(xem lai van e 7 cua bai hoc 1)

BAI TAP
Bai 18. Tnh cac tch phan sau:
a/
4
3
2
0
x 1
dx;
x 9
-
+

b/
1
2
1
x.dx
;
(x 2)
-
+

c/
2
5
2 2
1
(2x 18)dx
;
(x 6x 13)
+
- +

d/
9
5 2
5 3
0
x .dx
;
(x 1) +


e/
15
4 2
0 8 2
4
x .dx
;
(x 1) +

f/
1
n
0
(1 x) dx; +

g/
1
2 n
0
x(1 x ) dx; -


S: a/
20
18;
3
p
- b/
4
ln3 ;
3
- c/
11 7
;
8 4
p
+ d/
2
;
45

e/
5
35 25
. 125 ;
192 192
+ f/
n 1
2 1
;
n 1
+
-
+
g/
1
.
2(n 1) +

Bai 19. Tnh cac tch phan sau:
a/
3
2
8
1
x .dx
;
x 1 +

b/
1 3
2
2
0
x .dx
;
x 3x 2 - +

c/
2
4
0
dx
;
x(x 1) +


d/
tga cot ga
1 1
2 2
e e
x.dx dx
, (tga 0)
1 x x(1 x )
+ >
+ +

e/
2
b
2 2
0
(a x )dx
, (a, b 0);
(a x )
-
>
+


f/
2 6 2
2
4
1
x 1
dx;
x 1
+
+
+

g/
1 5 2
2
4 2
1
(x 1)dx
.
x x 1
+
+
- +


S: a/ ;
16
p
b/
1 21 3 7
ln ln ;
4 2 4 2
+ c/
1 32
ln ;
4 17
d/1;
e/
2
b
;
a b +
f/ ;
8
p
g/ .
4
p













Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 115
Von de 8. 0h Phk0 0k0 hkN l0000 0Ik0
(xem lai van e 8 cua bai hoc 1)

BAI TAP
Bai 20. Tnh cac tch phan sau:
a/
8
0
cos2x.dx
;
sin2x cos2x
p
+

b/
3
4
4
0
4sin x.dx
;
1 cos x
p
+

c/
4
2 2
0
dx
;
sin x 2sinxcosx 8cos x
p
+ -


d/
4
6 6
0
sinx.dx
;
sin x cos x
p
+

e/
6 6
4
x
4
sin x cos x
dx;
6 1
p
p
-
+
+

f/
4
3
0
cos2x.dx
;
(sinx cosx 2)
p
+ +


g/
2
0
sinx 7cosx 6
dx;
4sinx 3cosx 5
p
+ +
+ +

h/
2
0 2 2 2 2
sinx. cosx dx
dx (a, b 0)
a . cos x b .sin x
p


S: a/
1
ln2;
16 8
p
+ b/
3 2 2
2 ln ;
2
+
c/
1 2
ln ;
6 5
d/
2
ln4;
3

e/
5
;
32
p
f/
2
8 5 8 2
;
27 (2 2)
+
-
+
g/
9 1
ln ;
2 8 6
p
+ + h/
1
.
| b | | a | +

Bai 21. Tnh cac tch phan sau:
a/
3
2
6
cis x.dx
;
sinx
p
p
b/
4
0
cos x sinx
dx;
2 sin2x
p
-
+

c/
3 3
2
3
3
cot g. sin x sinx.dx
;
sin x
p
p
-


d/
3
0
x.sinx. cos x.dx;
p

e/
3
2
3
x.sinx.dx
;
cos x
p
p
-

f/
4 3
0
x cos x.sin x.dx.
p
-


S: a/ ln( 2 1); + b/
3 2
ln ;
2 1

+

+

c/
3
9
;
24
-
d/ ;
3
p
e/
4
2ln(2 3);
3
p
- + f/
4
.
35
p

Bai 22. Tm hai so A, B e ham so
2
sin2x
f(x)
(2 sinx)
=
+
co the bieu dien di dang:
2
A. cosx B. cosx
f(x) .
2 sinx (2 sin)
= +
+ +

T o tnh:
0
2
f(x).dx.
p
-


S: A = 4; B = 2; ln4 2.
Bai 23. Tnh cac tch phan sau:
a/
2
2
0
x . cosx.dx;
p

b/
2
2
2
4
cos ( x).dx;
p
p

c/
3
2
4
x.dx
;
sin x
p
p

Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 116
d/
2
4
0
x.tg x.dx;
p

e/
3
3
8
0
sin x.dx;
p

f/
2x
2
0
x
x .sin .dx;
2


S: a/
2
2;
4
p
- b/
2
3 1
;
8 2
p
+ c/
(9 4 3)
;
36
p -

d/
2
1
ln2 ;
4 2 32
p p
- - e/ 3 6; p- f/
2
8( 4). - p +
Bai 24. Tnh cac tch phan sau:
a/
n 1
0
sin x.cos(n 1).dx, (n N, n 1);
p
-
+

b/
n 1
0
cos x.sin(n 1)x.dx;
p
-
-


c/
n
2
0
cos x.sin(n 1)x.dx;
p
+

d/
n
2
0
cos x.sin(n 2)x.dx.
p
+


S: a/ 0; b/ 0; c/ 0; d/
1
.
n 1 +

Bai 25. Tnh cac tch phan sau:
a/
2
0
I ( cos x sinx)dx;
p
= -

b/
n
2
n n
0
cos x.dx
I ;
cos x sin x
p
=
+


c/
2
3
0
5cosx 4sinx
I ;
(cosx sinx)
p
-
=
+

d/
2
2 2
0
3sinx 4cos x
I dx.
3sin x 4cos x
p
+
=
+


S: a/ 0; b/ ;
4
p
c/
1
;
2
d/ ln3.
2 3
p
+
Bai 26. at:
2 2
6 6
0 0
sin x.dx cos x.dx
I va J .
sinx 3 cosx sinx 3. cos x
p p
= =
+ +


a/ Tnh: I 3J va I + J.
b/ T cac ket qua tren hay tnh cac gia tr cua I, J va K :
5
3
3
2
cos2x.dx
K .
cosx 3sinx
p
p
=
-


S: a/
1
I 3J 1 3; I J ln3;
4
- = - + = b/
1 3 1
K ln3 .
8 2
-
= -
Bai 27.a/ Chng minh rang:
6 5
2 2
0 0
cos x. cos6x.dx cos x.sinxsi n6x.dx
p p
=


b/ Tnh:
5 7
2
0
J cos x. cos x.dx.
p
=


S: b/ J = 0.




Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 117
Von de . 0h Phk0 0k0 hkN 80 0
(xem lai van e 9 cua bai hoc 1)

BAI TAP
Bai 28. Tnh cac tch phan sau:
a/
3
3
2
2
x 1 dx
. ;
x 1 (x 1)
-

+ -

b/
6
4
x 4 dx
. ;
x 2 x 2
-
+ +

c/
1
0
x
.(x 2).dx;
4 x
-
-


d/
2
2
0
1 x
.dx;
1 x
+
-

e/
1
*
0 m m m
dx
, m N .
(1 x ). 1 x

+ +


S: a/
3 3
3
( 3 2);
2
- b/ ln3 1; - c/ 4; p-
d/
1
( 4 2 2);
4
p + - e/
m
1
1.
2
-
Bai 29. Tnh cac tch phan sau:
a/
4
2 2
dx
;
x 16 x -

b/
6
2 3 2
dx
;
x x 9 -

c/
1
3 2
0
x . 1 x dx; +


d/
2
2 2
1
x 4 x .dx;
-
-

e/
2
2 3
0
x (x 4) .dx; +

f/
3
2 2 3
2
0
x . (3 x ) . -


S: a/
1
ln tg ;
4 12
p
-


b/ ;
18
p
c/
2
( 2 1);
15
-
d/
5 3
;
6 4
p
- e/
32
(4 2 1);
5
- f/
9
(4 9 3).
64
p+
Bai 30. Tnh cac tch phan sau:
a/
2
4
4 3
3
x 4
dx;
x
-

b/
2
1
2
2
2
1 x
.dx;
x
-

c/
1
2
1
2
4
dx
;
x x -

d/
2
1
0 2
x .dx
;
2x x -


e/
a
2 2 2
0
x x x .dx; -

f/
2a
2
0
x 2ax x .dx; -

g/
n
a n 1
2
0 2 2n
x .dx
(a 0; n 2).
a x
-
>
-


S: a/
1
(4 3 );
3
- p b/
1
(4 );
4
- p c/ ;
6
p
d/
1
(3 8);
4
p -
e/
4
a
;
16
p
f/
3
a
;
2
p
g/ .
6n
p

Bai 31. Tnh cac tch phan sau:
a/
2
0
dx
;
x 3 x 1
p
+ + +

b/
1
1 2
dx
;
1 x 1 x
-
+ + +


Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 118
c/
2
1 2 2
dx
;
x ( x 1 x) + +

d/
8
4 2
(2x 1)dx
;
x 4x x 2
+
- + +


S: a/
19
3 2;
6
- - b/ 1;
c/
(2 5)( 2 1) 2 2 5
ln ;
2 2
+ - -
+ d/
1
8 3 2 ln(3 2 2).
2
- - +
Bai 32. Cho
n
a
0 3 3
x .dx
I ; (a 0, n N)
x a
= >
+


a/ Vi gia tr nao cua n th I khong phu thuoc vao a.
b/ Tnh I vi n tm c.
S: a/
1
n ;
2
= b/
2
ln(1 2).
3
+





















Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 119
Von de 10. 0h Phk0 0k0 hkN 8IE0 IE
(xem lai van e 10 cua bai hoc 1)

BAI TAP
Bai 33. Tnh cac tch phan sau:
a/
ln2
2x
0
1 e .dx; -

b/
x x
ln5
x
0
e . e 1
dx;
e 3
-
+

c/
e
1 2
dx
;
x 1 ln x -


d/
e
2
1
dx
;
x(1 ln x +

e/
2
e
1
1 ln x
dx;
x
+

f/
3 2
e
1
lnx 1 ln x
.
x
+


S: a/
1 2 3
3 ln ;
2 2 3

-
+

+

b/ 4 ; -p c/ ;
6
p

d/ ;
4
p
e/
2 1
ln(1 2);
2 2
+ + f/
3
3
( 16 1).
8
-
Bai 34. Tnh cac tch phan sau:
a/
2
2
0
lnx
dx;
x

b/
2
e
2
e
1 1
dx;
lnx ln x

-

c/
3
2
e
e
ln(lnx).dx
;
x


d/
1
0
ln(x 1).dx
;
x 1
+
+

e/
e
2
1
lnx.dx
;
(x 1) +

f/
3
2
6
ln(sinx).dx
.
cos x
p
p

S: a/
1
(1 2ln 2);
2
- b/
2
1
(2e e );
2
- c/
27
ln ;
4e

d/ 2 ln4 4 2 4; - + e/ 0; f/
3 3 3
ln .
3 2 6
p
-
Bai 35. Tnh cac tch phan sau:
a/
2
2
0
log (1 tgx).dx;
p
+

b/
4
0
ln(1 tgx)dx;
p
+


c/
1 cosx
2
0
(1 sinx)
ln dx;
1 cosx
p +
+
+

d/
x
1
x 3
0
x.e dx
;
(1 e ) +


S: a/ ;
8
p
b/ ln2;
8
p
c/ 2ln2 1; - d/
2
2
e 4e 1 1 e 1
ln .
2 2 4(e 1)
+ + +
-

+

Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 120

Von de 11: Ph0000 0h 8k Ph0000 0h 0h Phk0

e giai phng trnh, bat phng trnh tch phan thong thng trc tien ta can i
xac nh tch phan trong phng trnh, bat phng trnh o, sau o se thu c mot
phng trnh, bat phng trnh ai so quen thuoc.

BAI TAP
Bai 36. Giai va bien luan phng trnh sau vi an x:
x
0
2 (mt m 2)dt 3 m - + = -


S: m > 4 : vo nghiem
m = 4 :
1 2
1
x x
2
= =
m = 0 :
3
x
4
=

1, 2
m 2 4 m
0 m 4 : x
m
- -
< =
Bai 37. Bien luan theo m so nghiem cua phng trnh:
x
1
1 1
(t )dt m
t 2
- = -


S:
1
m
2
< : vo nghiem

1
m
2
= : x = 1

1
m
2
> : 2 nghiem
Bai 38. Cho
x
2t 2t
0
I(x) (e e )dt.
-
= +


a/ Tnh I(x) khi x = ln2
b/ Giai va bien luan phng trnh: I(x) = m.
S: a/
15
;
8
b/
2
x ln m 1 m , m = + + "
Bai 39. Giai cac phng trnh sau vi an x (x > 0) :
a/
x
1
e
1 lnt
dt 18;
t
+
=

b/
x
2
2
dt
;
2
t t 1
p
=
-

c/
x
t
0
e 1.dt 2 ;
2
p
- = -


d/
2
x
t 1 x x
0
1
(2 . ln2 2t 2)dt 2 .
2
- -
- + = +

e/
x
t 1
7
0
7 . ln7dt 6log (6x 5), v i x 1.
-
= -


Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 121
f/
x
2
2 2
3
2
tdt
6 2x(1 2 1 x )
1 t . 1 1 t
= - + -
- + -


S: a/
5 7
x e ; x e ;
-
= = b/ x 2; = c/ x = ln2;
d/ x = 1; e/ x = 1; x = 2; f/
1
x .
2
=
Bai 40. Tm m e phng trnh:
x
3 2
1
x [3t 4(6m 1)t 3(2m 1)]dt 1 + + - - - =


co 3 nghiem phan biet co tong bnh phng bang 27.
S: m = 1.
Bai 41. Giai cac phng trnh sau:
a/
x
4
0
3
(4sin t )dt 0;
2
- =

b/
x
2
0
cos(t x )dt sinx; - =


c/
x
2 3
0
dt
tgx v i x [0; 1).
(1 t )
=
-


S: a/ x K , K Z;
2
p
=
b/
x K
x l2 l 0, 1, 2,...
1 1 m8
x , m 0, 1, 2...
2
= p

= p =

+ p

= =

c/ x = 0.

Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 122

Von de 12: hIE lkP 0000 h00 0I h0I

1. Nhan xet:
Trong nhng trng hp ham di dau tch phan phu thuoc vao tham so n (n N), khi o
ngi ta thng ky hieu I
n
e ch tch phan phai tnh.
1. Hoac la oi hoi thiet lap mot cong thc truy hoi, tc la cong thc bieu dien
I
n
theo cac I
n+K
, ay 1 K n.
2. Hoac la chng minh mot cong thc truy hoi cho trc.
3. Hoac sau khi co cong thc truy hoi oi hoi tnh mot gia tr
0
n
I cu the nao
o.

2. Mot so dang thng gap:
Dang 1:
/ 2
n
n
0
I sin x.dx (n N)
p
=


a t:
n 1 n 2
u sin x du (n 1)).sin x.dx
- -
= = -
dv sinx.dx v cosx. = = -

- p
-

= - + - -

n 1 / 2
n 0 1 2 n
I sin x. cosx] (n 1).(I I )

Dang 2:
/ 2
n
n
0
I cos x.dx (n N)
p
=


a t:
n 1 n 2
u cos x du (n 1).cos x.dx
- -
= = - -
dv cosx.dx v sinx. = =

n 1 / 2
n 0 n 2 n
I cos x.sinx] (n 1).(I I )
- p
-

= + - -



Dang 3:
/ 4
n
n
0
I tg x.dx.
p
=


Phan tch:
+

= = - = + -


n 2 n 2 n n 2
2
1
tg x tg x.tg x tg x. 1 tg x(1 tg x 1)
cos x

Suy ra:
n 2 n
1
I I
n 1
+
+ =
+
(khong dung tch phan tng phan)

Dang 4:
/ 2 / 2
n n
n n
0 0
I x . cosx.dx va J x .sinx.dx.
p p
= =


a t:
n n 1
u x du n.x .dx.
-
= =
dv cosx.dx v sinx = =

2
n n
I nJ 1 (1)
2
p
= - -



Tng t:
n n 1
J 0 nI (2)
-
= +
T (1) va (2)
n
n n 2
I n(n 1)I .
2
-
p
+ - =




Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 123
Dang 5:
1
n x
n
0
I x .e .dx =


a t:
n n 1
u x du nx .dx
-
= =

x x
dv e .dx v e . = =

n x 1
n 0 n 1
I [x .e ] nI
-
= -

Dang 6:
1 1 n
n x
n n x
0 0
x
I dx hay I x .e .dx
e
-
= =


a t:
n n 1
u x du nx .dx
-
= =

x x
dv e .dx v e .
- -
= = -

x x 1
n 0 n 1
I [ x .e ] nI
-
-
= - +

Dang 7:
e
n *
n
1
I ln x.dx (n Z ) =


a t:
n n 1
1
u ln x du n.ln x, dx
x
-
= =
dv dx v x. = =

n e
n 1 n 1 n n 1
I [x. ln x] n.I I e nI .
- -
= - = -

BAI TAP
Bai 42. Cho
n
n
I sin x.dx =

va
n
n
J cos x.dx =

, vi n N, n 2.
Chng minh cac cong thc truy hoi sau:

n 1
n n 2
1 n 1
I sin x. cosx I .
n n
-
-
-
= - +
n 1
n n 2
1 n 1
J sinx. cos x J .
n n
-
-
-
= +
Ap dung ta tnh I
3
va J
4
.
S:
2
3
1 2
I sin x. cosx cosx C.
3 3
= - - +

3
4
1 3 3
J sinx. cos x x sin2x C.
4 8 16
= + + +
Bai 43. Cho
n
n
I x .sinx.dx =

va
n
n
J x . cosx.dx =

, vi n N, n 2.
Chng minh rang:

n n 1
n n 2.
I x . cosx nx .sinx n(n 1).I
-
-
= - = - -

n n 1
n n 2
J x .sinx n.x . cosx n(n 1).J .
-
-
= + - -
Ap dung ta tnh I
2
va J
2
.
S:
2
2
I x cos x 2x.sinx 2cosx C. = - - + + +

2
4
J x sinx 2xcosx 2sinx C. = + - +
Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 124
Bai 44. Cho
n x
n
I x .e .dx, n N, n 1. =


Chng minh rang:
n x
n n 1
I x .e n.I .
-
= -
Ap dung tnh I
5
.
S:
x 5 4 3 2
5
I e (x 5x 20x 60x 120x 120) C. = - + - + - +
Bai 45. Cho
/ 2
n
n
0
I sin x.dx, (n N)
p
=


a/ Thiet lap cong thc lien he gia I
n
va I
n+2
.
b/ Tnh I
n
.
c/ Chng minh rang ham so f: N R vi
n n 1
f(n) (n 1)I .I .
+
= +
d/ Suy ra
/ 4
n
n
0
J cos x.dx.
p
=


S: b/
(n 1)(n 3)(n 5)...1
. , n chan
n(n 2)(n 4)...2 2
I(n)
(n 1)(n 3)(n 5)...2
, n le
n(n 2)(n 4)...3
- - - p

- -

=

- - -

- -


c/
0 1
f(n) f(0) I .I .
2
p
= = = d/
n n
J I . =
Bai 46. at;
/ 4
n
n
0
I tg x.dx, (n N)
p
=


Tm he thc lien he gia I
n
va I
n+2
.
S:
n n 2
1
I I .
n 1
+
+ =
+

Bai 47. Cho
1 n
*
n
0
x
I dx, (n N )
1 x
=
-


Chng minh rang:
n n 1
(2n 1)I 2n.I 2 2.
-
+ + =
Bai 48. Cho
1 nx
*
n x
0
e
I dx, (n N )
1 e
-
-
=
-


a/ Tnh I
1
.
b/ Tm he thc gia I
n
va I
n1
.
S: a/
1
2e
I ln ;
1 e
=
+
b/
n 1
1 n)
n I
1
I (e 1)
1 n
-
-
+
= -
-




Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 125
Von de 13: 8k 0k00 h00 0h Phk0

Cho hai ham so f(x) va g(x) lien tuc tren [a ; b]

Dang 1: Neu f(x) 0, x [a; b] " th :
b
a
f(x) 0


dau = xay ra khi f(x) 0, x [a; b] = "

Dang 2: e chng minh:
b b
a a
f(x).dx g(x).dx

.
ta can chng minh: f(x) g(x), x [a; b] "
dau = xay ra khi f(x) g(x), x [a; b] = "
roi lay tch phan 2 ve.

Dang 3: e chng minh:
b
a
f(x).dx B

(B la hang so).
ta tm mot ham so g(x) thoa cac ieu kien:
b
a
f(x) g(x), x [a; b]
g(x).dx B
"



Dang 4: e chng minh:
b
a
A f(x).dx B

.
ta tm 2 ham so h(x) va g(x) thoa ieu kien:

b b
a a
h(x) f(x) g(x), x [a; b]
h(x).dx A, g(x).dx B
"

= =



Hoac ta chng minh: m f(x) M, vi m minf(x), M maxf(x) = =
sao cho:
b b
a a
m.dx m(b a) A, M.dx M(b a) B. = - = = - =



Dang 5:
b b
a a
f(x).dx | f(x) | dx

.
dau = xay ra khi f(x) 0, x [a; b] "
BT (5) c suy ra t BT dang 2 vi nhan xet sau: x [a; b] " , ta luon co:
| f(x) | f(x) | f(x) | -

b b b
a a a
| f(x) | dx f(x).d(x) | f(x) | dx -

(lay tch phan 2 ve)

b b
a a
f(x).dx | f(x) | .dx.


Ghi chu:
Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 126
1. Thc chat chng minh bat ang thc tch phan chnh la chng minh:
f(x) g(x), x [a; b]. " Neu dau = xay ra trong bat ang thc f(x) g(x) ch ta i
mot so hu han iem x [a; b] th ta co the bo dau = trong bat ang thc tch phan.
2. Do BT la mot da ng toan phc tap, nen moi dang tren co nhieu ky thuat giai, v vay
trong phan bai tap nay, khong i theo tng dang tren ma i theo tng ky thuat giai.

Ky thuat 1: Dung phng phap bien oi tng ng hoac chan tre n, chan di

BAI TAP
Bai 49. Chng minh cac bat ang thc:
a/
1 19
3 3 6
0
1 x .dx 1
20 20 2
1 x
< <
+

b/
1
2 3
0
dx 2
.
6 8
4 x x
p p
< <
- -


c/
1/ 2
2 2
0
1 dx 1
.
50 (3 2cosx) 2(3 3)
< <
+ +

d/
200
100
cosx.dx 1
x 200
p
p
<
p


Bai 50. Chng minh cac bat ang thc:
a/
2
/ 2
sin x
0
e.
e .dx
2 2
p
p p
< <

b/
2
1
x
0
1
1 e .dx 1.
e
-
-


c/
3 x
2
1
e .sinx
0 dx
x 1 12e
-
p
< <
+


Bai 51. Cho
t 4
0
tg x
I(t) dx,
cos2x
=

vi 0 t .
4
p
< < Chng minh rang:
3
2
(tg t 3tgt)
3
tg(t ) e
4
+
p
+ >
Bai 52. at:
2 t
1
lnx
J(t) dx,
x

=

vi t > 1.
Tnh J(t) theo t, t o suy ra: J(t) < 2, t 1. " >

Ky thuat 2: Dung ba t ang th c Cosi hay Bu Nhia Cop Ski

BAI TAP
Bai 53. Chng minh cac bat ang thc:
a/
/ 2
0
27
sinx(2 3 sinx)(7 4 sinx)dx
2
p
p
+ - <


b/
/ 3
/ 4
2
cos x(5 7 cos x 6cosx)dx .
3
p
p
p
+ - <


c/
e
1
lnx(9 3 lnx 2lnx)dx 8(e 1) - - -


Bai 54. Chng minh cac bat ang thc:
a/
/ 3
2 2 2 2
0
( 8cos x sin x 8sin x cos x)dx 2
p
+ + + p


Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 127
b/
e
2 2
1
( 3 2ln x 5 2ln x)dx 4(e 1) + + - -


Bai 55. S dung bat ang thc dang 5 chng minh:
a/
1
2
0
sinx x.dx
;
1 x 4
p
<
+

b/
2
3cosx 4sinx 5
.
x 1 4
- p



Ky thuat 3: S dung GTLN GTNN cua ham so tren mien lay tch phan bang bang
bien thien.

BAI TAP
Bai 56. Chng minh cac bat ang thc:
a/
2
2
1
2 x.dx 1
;
5 2 x 1
< <
+

b/
1
2
0
4
0 x(1 x) .dx ;
27
< - <


c/
11
7
54 2 ( x 7 11 x).dx 108;
-
+ + -


d/
2
2
1/ 4 x x 2
0
2.e e .dx 2e ;
- -

e/
2
0
3 dx 2 3
3 3
cos x cosx 1
p
p p
< <
+ +

.

Ky thuat 4: S dung tnh chat o ng bien, nghch bien cua ham so bang cach tnh ao
ham

BAI TAP
Bai 57. Chng minh cac bat ang thc:
a/
/ 3
/ 4
3 sinx.dx 1
;
4 x 2
p
p
< <


b/
2
0
2 7 (2 sinx)(6 sinx).dx 2 15.
p
p + - p


c/
2
1
1
x
1 x
0
4
e 1 x, x 0. Suy ra : e dx
4
+
p+
> + " >


d/
2
200
x x
100
e x, x. Suy ra : e .dx 0, 01.
-
"


e/
4
3
3
x dx
1 lnx , vi x e. Suy ra : 0,92 1.
e lnx
< < > < <



Ky thuat 5: S dung bat a ng thc Bu Nhia Cop Ski trong tch phan bai tap 9.16

BAI TAP
Bai 58. Chng minh rang neu f(x), g(x) la hai ham so lien tuc tren [a ; b] th ta co:
Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 128
2
b b b
2 2
a a a
f(x).g(x).dx f (x).dx. g (x).dx.





(BT tren goi la BT Bua Nhia Cop Ski trong tch phan)
Bai 59. Chng minh rang:
2
1 1 1
0 0 0
f(x).g(x).dx f(x).dx. g(x).dx





Bai 60. Cho f(x) la ham so xac nh lien tuc tren [0 ; 1] va f(x) 1, x [0; 1] " .
Chng minh rang:
2
1 1
2
0 0
1 f (x).dx 1 f(x).dx .

- -




Bai 61. Biet
1
0
dx 2
ln2 . Ch ng min h : Ln2 .
x 1 3
= >
+


Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 129

Von de 14: 0h 0I0I hk0 00k 0h Phk0

Trong bai toan tm gii han cua tch phan thng co 2 dang sau:

Dang 1: Tm
t
t
a
lim f(x).dx, (t a)

>


Ta tnh tch phan
t
a
f(x).dx

phu thuoc vao t, sau o dung nh ly ve gii han e tm


ket qua.

Dang 2: Tm
b
n
a
lim f(x, n).dx, (n N)


Dung BT tch phan em tch phan ve dang:
b
a
A f(x, n).d(x) B



b
n n n
a
limA lim f(x, n).dx limB


Sau o, neu:
b
n n n
a
limA limB l th lim f(x, n).dx l

= = =


* Nhac lai nh ly ham kep:
Cho ba day so
n n n
a , b , c cung thoa man cac ieu kien sau:

*
n n n
n n
n n
n N , a b C
lima limC l

"

= =

. Khi o:
n
n
limb l

=

BAI TAP
Bai 62. a/ Tnh
x
1
dt
I(x) , (x 1)
t(t 1)
= >
+

b/ Tm
x
lim I(x)
+

S: a/
2x
ln ;
x 1 +
b/ ln2.
Bai 63. a/ Tnh
ln10 x
3 x
b
e .dx
I(b) ;
e 2
=
-

b/ Tm
b ln 2
lim I(b)


S: a/
b 2/ 3
3 1
6 (e 2)
2 2

- -


b/ 6.
Bai 64. Cho
1 nx
*
n x
0
e .dx
I (n N )
1 e
-
-
=
+


Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 130
Tnh
n n 1 n
x
I I , t o tm lim I .
-
+
+
S: a/
2
2
t 1
ln4 ln
(t 2)
+
+
+
b/ ln4.
Bai 65. a/ Tnh
x
2 t
x
0
I(x) (t 2t).e .dt. Tm lim I(x)
-
= +


b/ Tnh
x
2 2
x
1
2t. lnt.dt
I(x) , (x 1). Tm lim I(x).
(1 t )
+
= >
+


S: a/ 0; b/ ln 2.
Bai 66. a/ Tnh theo m va x > 0 tch phan:
m
e
m
x
I (x) t.(m lnt).dt. = -


b/ Tm
m
x 0
lim I (x).
-

Tm m e gii han nay bang 1.


S: a/
2m 2 2
1
e 2x lnx (2m 1)x
4

+ - +

b/
2m
1
e ; m ln2.
4
=

Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 131
NG DUNG CUA TCH PHAN




Von de 1: 0IE0 0h h0h hk00 0000

1. Dien tch hnh thang cong gii han bi 4 ng:

(c) : y f(x)
y 0 (tru c hoa nh Ox)
x a
x b (a b)
=

= <

c tnh bi cong thc:


b
a
S f(x) dx =

(1)
2. Phng phap giai toan:

* Ta can phai tm ay u 4 ng nh tre n
* va v can phai bo dau gia tr tuye t o i ne n ta co 2 cach gia i sau:


Cach 1. Phng phap o th:
* Ve o th (C) : y = f(x) vi x [a ; b]
a/ Trng hp 1:
Neu o th (C) nam hoan toan
tren truc hoanh Ox (hnh a) th:

b
a
(1) S f(x).dx =


b/ Trng hp 2:
Neu o th (C) nam hoan toan
di truc hoanh Ox (hnh b) th:

b
a
(1) S f(x).dx = -


c/ Trng hp 3:
Neu o th (C) cat truc hoanh Ox tai mot iem
co hoanh o x = x
0
(nh hnh c) th:

0
x b
a a
(1) S f(x).dx f(x) .dx = + -


* Ghi chu: Neu f(x) khong oi dau tren oan [a ; b] th ta dung cong thc sau:
b
a
S f(x)dx =



y
x
(C): y = f(x)
S
a b 0
(Hnh a)
y
x S
a b
0
(Hnh a)
(C): y = f(x)
a
y
S
S
a 0 b x
S = S
1
+ S
2
(Hnh c)
8o| 1. DIEN ICH HNH FHANG
Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 132
Cach 2. Phng phap ai so:
Giai phng trnh hoanh o giao iem : f(x) = 0 (*)
Giai (*) e tm nghiem x tren oan [a ; b].
Neu (*) vo nghiem tren khoang (a ; b) th ta xet dau f(x) tren oan [a ; b] e bo dau
gia tr tuyet oi hoac ta s dung trc tiep cong thc sau:

b
a
S f(x)dx =


Neu (*) co nghiem x = x
0
va f(x)
co bang xet dau nh hnh ben th:

0
0
x b
a x
S f(x)dx f(x)dx. = -



Ghi chu:
(1) Dien tch S luon la mot gia tr dng (khong co gia tr S 0).
(2) Vi cau hoi: Tnh dien tch gii han bi (C): y = f(x) va truc hoanh th ta phai tm
them hai ng x = a, x = b e lam can tch phan, hai ng nay chnh la giao iem
cua (C) va truc Ox, la 2 nghiem cua phng trnh f(x) = 0 (theo phng phap ai so).
Vi cau hoi n gian hn nh: Tnh dien tch gii han bi ng (C) : y = f(x) th ta
phai hieu o la s gii han bi (C) va truc hoanh.
(3) Mot so ham co tnh oi xng nh: parabol, ng tron, elip, ham gia tr tuyet oi, mot
so ham can thc; li dung tnh oi xng ta tnh mot phan S roi em nhan hai, nhan ba,
... (cung co the s dung tong hoac hieu dien tch).
(4) Phan ln dang toa n loai nay ta nen dung phng phap o th hieu qua hn; mot so t
phai dung phng phap ai so nh ham lng giac v ve o th kho.
x a x
0
b
f(x) + 0

Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 133

Von de 2: 0IE0 0h h0h Phk00 0I0I hk0 80I hkI 00000 (0
1
), (0
Z
)

1. Dien tch hnh phang gii han bi hai ng (C
1
), (C
2
)

1
2
(C ): y f(x)
(C ):y g(x)
x a
x b (a b)
=

= <

c tnh bi cong thc:


b
a
S f(x) g(x) dx = -



2. Phng phap giai toan:
Cach 1. Phng phap o th:
* Tren cung mat phang toa o ta ve 2 o th:
1 2
(C ) :y f(x) va (C ) : y g(x) = = .
a/ Trng hp 1: (C
1
) khong cat (C
2
)
Xac nh v tr: Tren oan [a ; b] th (C
1
) nam tren
(C
2
) hay (C
2
) nam tren (C
1
) bang cach ve mot
ng thang song song vi truc tung Oy cat hai
o th tai M va N.
Khi o neu M tren N th o th cha M se nam tren o th
cha N.
Neu (C
1
) nam tren (C
2
) th:
b
a
S [f(x) g(x)]dx. = -

(h.2a)
Neu (C
2
) nam tren (C
1
) th:
b
a
S [g(x) f(x)]dx. = -

(h.2b)
Trong trng hp 1, ta co the dung trc tiep cong thc sau:

b
a
S [f(x) g(x)]dx . = -


b/ Trng hp 2: (C
1
) cat (C
2
) tai iem I co hoanh o x
0
.

0
0
x b
a x
S g(x) f(x) dx f(x) g(x) dx = - + -


Hoac dung cong thc sau:

0
0
x b
a x
S [f(x) g(x)]dx [f(x) g(x)]dx = - + -


Cach 2. Phng phap ai so:
Lap phng trnh hoanh o giao iem: f(x) = g(x) (*)
Neu (*) vo nghiem tren khoang (a ; b) th ta xet hieu f(x) g(x) e bo dau | |.
Neu (*) co mot nghiem x
0
thuoc khoang (a ; b) th:

y
x 0
M
N
a b
(C
2
)
(C
1
)
S
(hnh 2a)

y
x 0
M
N
a b
(C
1
)
(C
2
)
S
(hnh 2b)
x
y
0 a x
0

b
S
2

S
1

I
(C
2
): y = g(x)
(C
1
): y = f(x)
Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 134

0
x b
a a
S f(x) g(x) dx f(x) g(x) dx = - + -


roi xet lai t au tren cac oan
0 0
[a; x ] va [x ; b].
Ghi chu:
(1) Trong thc hanh ta nen dung phng phap o th.
(2) Khi giao iem cua (C
1
) va (C
2
) khong chac chan nh so hu t hoac so vo t, ta nen
thc hien them viec giai phng trnh hoanh o f(x) = g(x) cho chnh xac.
(3) Hoanh o giao iem cua (C
1
) va (C
2
) la cac can cua tch phan.
(4) Tren ay khi tnh dien tch ta a coi x la bien, y la ham. Tuy nhien trong mot so
trng hp ta coi y la bien cua ham x (ngha la x = f(y)), khi o viec tnh dien tch se
n gian hn.
Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 135

Von de 3: 0IE0 0h h0h Phk00 0I0I hk0 80I 0hIE0 00000

Xet ai dien 4 ng
1 2 3 4
(C ), (C ), (C ), (C ) .
Ta dung phng phap o th (duy nhat)
Ve 4 ng tren cung mot mat phang
va xac nh hoanh o giao iem gia chung
(x
1
, x
2
, x
3
, x
4
)
Dien tch hnh phang S can tm:
1 2 3
S S S S = + +

3 1 4
1 2 3
x x x
1 3 4 3 4 2
x x x
S [(C ) (C )]dx [(C ) (C )]dx [(C ) (C )]dx. = - + - + -


x
y
x
4
x
3
x
2
x
1
0
A
B
(C
3
)
(C
4
)
(C
1
)
(C
2
)
C
S
3

S
2

S
1

D
Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 136

Von de 4: 0IE0 0h l00 0hk k 0IE0 0h 0h0 0hk

Tm dien tch ln nhat va nho nhat cua hnh phang S.
Phng phap:
Thiet lap cong thc tnh S theo mot hoac nhieu tham so cua gia thiet (gia s la m), tc
la, ta co: S = g(m).
Tm gia tr ln nhat, gia tr nho nhat cua g(m) bang mot trong cac phng phap:
+ Tam thc bac hai
+ Bat ang thc Cosi hoac Bu Nhia Cop Ski.
+ S dung ao ham
Chu y: Cac can a, b thng lay t nghiem x
1
, x
2
la hoanh o giao iem cua (C) va (d).

V du 1: (Van e 1): Tnh dien tch cua mien kn gii han bi ng cong

2
y x 1 x = + , truc Ox va ng thang x = 1.
Giai:
* ng cong (C) :
2
y x 1 x = + cat truc hoanh Ox khi:
2
x 1 x 0 x 0. + = =
* Ta co:
2
x 1 x 0, v i moi x [0; 1] + . Do o dien tch S can tm la:
1
2
0
S x 1 x .dx. = +


* at:
2 2 2
u 1 x u 1 x 2u.du 2xdx u.du xdx. + = + = =
* oi can: x = 0 u = 1; x = 1 u 2. =
* Ta co:
2
2 3
2
0 0
u 1
S u du (2 2 1)
3 3

= = = -

(vdt)
V du 2: (van e 1): Tnh dien hnh phang gii han bi cac ng

1 lnx
y ; x 1, x e.
x
+
= = =
Giai:
* Dien tch hnh phang S can tm:
e
1
1 lnx
S dx
x
+
=


* at:
2
1
u 1 lnx u 1 lnx 2u.du dx.
x
= + = + =
* oi can: x = 1 u = 1; x = e u 2. =
* Ta co:
2
2
2 3
1 1
2 2 2
S 2u .du u (2 2 1 (2 2 1)
3 3 3

= = = - = -

(vdt)
V du 3 (van e 2): Tnh dien tch hnh phang gii han bi cac ng:
2 2
y x 2x va y x 4x. = - = - +
Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 137
Giai:
* Phng trnh hoanh o giao iem cua 2 ng:
2 2
x 2x x 4x - = - +

2
2x 6x 0 x 0 hay x 3. - = = =
* o th (P
1
):
2 2
2
y x 2x va (P ) :y x 4x = - = - +
nh tren hnh ve.
Hai o th cat nhau tai 2 iem O(0 ; 0) va A(3 ; 3).
* Dien tch hnh phang S can tm:

3
3 3 3
2 2 2 2
0 0
2x
S x 4x) (x 2x) dx ( 2x 6x)dx 3x 9 (vdt)
3

= - + - - = - + = - + =




V du 4 (van e 2): Parabol y
2
= 2x chia hnh phang gii han bi ng tron

2 2
x y 8 + = thanh hai phan. tnh dien tch moi phan o
Giai:
* Phng trnh hoanh o giao iem cua (P):
2 2 2
y 2x va (C):x y 8; = + =

2
x 2x 8 (vi x 0) + =
2
x 2 y 2
x 2x 8 0
x 4 (loai)
= =
+ - =

= -


Toa o giao iem B(2 ; 2), C(2 ; 2).
* Ta tnh dien tch tam giac cong OAB;
at:
2 2 2
2
1 OAB
0 2
S S 2x.dx 8 x .dx = = + -


vi:
2
2
3
0 0
2 8
2x.dx 2. x .
3 3

= =


Tnh:
2 2
2
2
8 x .dx I. - =


at: x 2 2.sint dt 2 2. cost.dt. = =
oi can: x 2 t / 4 = = p ; x 2 2 t / 2 = = p

/ 2 / 2 / 2
2
/ 4 / 4 / 4
/ 2
/ 4
1 cos2t
I 2 2. cost.2 2. cost.dt 8 cos t.dt 8 dt
2
sin2t
4 t 2.
2
p p p
p p p
p
p
+
= = =

= + = p -




* Do o:
1
8 2
S 2 .
3 3
= + p - = p +
* Do tnh oi xng nen:
OBAC OAB
4
S 2.S 2 .
3
= = p +
y
x
4 3 2 1 0
1
1
3
4
(P
1
)
A
(P
2
)
(P)
x
A
2 2
S
1

B
C
o
2
2
2
y
Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 138
* Goi S la dien tch hnh tron (C)
2
S .R 8 = p = p
* Goi S
2
la phan dien tch hnh tron con lai
2 OBAC
4
S S S 8 2
3

= - = p - p +




2
4
S 6 .
3
= p-
V du 5 (van e 4): Chng minh rang khi m thay oi th Parabol (P): y = x
2
+ 1 luon cat
ng thang (d): y = mx + 2 tai hai iem phan biet. Hay xac nh m sao cho phan dien
tch hnh phang gii han bi ng thang va parabol la nho nhat.
Giai:
* Phng trnh hoanh o giao iem cua (P) va (d):

2
x 1 mx 2 + = +
2
x mx 1 0 (1) - - =

2
m 4 0, m D = + > "
* Vay (d): luon cat (P) tai 2 iem phan biet
A, B co hoanh o x
1
, x
2
la nghiem cua (1).
* Dien tch hnh phang S la:

2
2
1 1
x
x
3 2
2
x x
x mx
S (mx 2 x 1)dx x
3 2

= + - - = - + +



3 3 2 2
2 1 2 1 2 1
2 2
2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1
2 2 2 2 3
1 m
(x x ) (x x ) (x x )
3 2
1
(x x ). 2(x x x x ) 3m(x x ) 6
6
1 1 4
m 4. 2(m 1) 3m 6 (m 4) .
6 6 3
= - - + - + -
= - - + + - + -


= - + + - - = +


Vay:
4
minS khi m 0.
3
= =
V du 6 (van e 3): Tnh dien tch hnh phang gii han bi cac ng:
2
2
x 27
y x , y , y .
8 x
= = =
Giai:
* o th
2
2
1 2
x 27
(P ) : y x , (P ) : y , (H) : y
8 x
= = =
nh tren hnh ve.
* Phng trnh hoanh o giao iem cua
(P
1
) va (H):

2
27
x
x
=
3
x 27 x 3 toa o A(3, 9). = =
* Phng trnh hoanh o giao iem cua (P
2
) va (H):
y
x
A
x
1
0 x
2

B
2
(d)
(P)
y
x
S
2

S
1

(P
1
)
(P
2
)
B
A
(H)
9/2
3
9
0 3 6 9
Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 139

2
x 27 9
x 6 toa o B 6, .
8 x 2

= =



* Dien tch hnh phang S can tm:

3 6 2 2
2
1 2
0 3
x 27 x
S S S (x )dx dx ... 27ln2 (vdt)
8 x 8

= + = - + - = =



.
V du 7 (van e 3): Tnh dien tch hnh phang gii han bi cac ng: parabol (P):
2
y 4x x = - va cac ng tiep tuyen vi parabol nay, biet rang cac tiep tuyen o i qua
M(5/2, 6).
Giai:
* Phng trnh ng thang (d) qua M he so goc K:

5
y K x 6
2

= - +



* (d) tiep xuc (P) khi he sau co nghiem:

2
5
4x x K x 6 (1)
2
4 2x K (2)

- = - +

- =


* The (2) vao (1) ta c:

2
5
4x x (4 2x)(x ) 6
2
- = - - +

2
x 1 K 1
x 5x 4 0
x 4 K 4
= =
- + =

= = -


* Vay co 2 phng trnh tiep tuyen la:
1 2
(d ) :y 2x 1; (d ) : y 4x 16 = + = - +
* Dien tch hnh phang S can tm:

5/ 2 4
2 2
1 2
1 5/ 2
9
S S S (2x 1 4x x )dx ( 4x 16 4x x )dx ...
4
= + = + - + + - + - + = =

(vdt).
V du 8 (van e 3): Tnh dien tch gii han bi cac ng:
2
y x 4x 3 va y 3. = - + =
Giai:
* Ve o th (C):
2
y f(x) x 4x 3 = = - +
* Xet o th (C) : y f(x) =
f(x), f(x) 0
f(x), f(x) 0

=

- <


* T o th (C) ta suy ra o th (C) nh sau:

+ Gi nguyen phan o th (C) na m tren Ox
+ Lay o i x ng phan o th (C) na m d i Ox qua truc hoanh


* o th (C) la hp cua 2 phan tren
y
(d
2
) (d
1
)
M
S
1

S
2

(P)
B
x 4 5/2 1 2 0
3
4
6
A
x 4 3
2
1 0
1
3
(C)
y
Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 140
* ng thang y = 3 cat (C) tai A(0 ; 3), B(4 ; 3).
* Goi S la dien tch hnh phang can tm.
* Do tnh oi xng nen ta co:

1 2
S 2(S S ) = +

2 1 2
2 2 2
0 0 1
2. (3 x 4x 3)dx 2 [3 (x 4x 3)]dx [3 ( x 4x 3)]dx
...............
8 (vdt)

= - - + = - - + + - - + -


=


Bang xet dau:


x 0 1 2 3
x
2
4x+3 + 0 0 +
Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 141
BAI TAP
Bai 1. Cho Parabol (P):
2
y x 4x 3 = - + va ng thang (d) : y = x 1.
Tnh dien tch gii han bi:
a/ (P) va truc Ox; b/ (P), truc Ox va truc Oy;
c/ (P), truc Ox, x = 2 va x = 4; d/ (P) va (d);
e/ (P), (d), x = 0 va x = 2.
S: a/
4
;
3
b/
4
;
3
c/ 2; d/
9
;
2
e/ 3.
Bai 2. Tnh dien tch gii han bi cac ng:
a/
2
1
(C) : y x ,
2x
= + tiem can xien cua (C), x = 1 va x = 3;
b/
5
y x(x 1) , = + truc Ox, truc Oy va x = 1;
c/
2 2
2(y 1) x va (y 1) x 1 - = - = - ;
d/
2 2 2
y x 2x 2, y x 4x 5 y x 4x 3 va y 1; = - + = + + = - + =
e/
2
x 1 8
y , y , y (vi x 0).
8 x x
= = = >
S: a/
1
;
3
b/
418
;
35
c/
4
;
3
d/
9
;
4
e/ 7ln2.
Bai 3. Tnh dien tch gii han bi:
a/
2
(C) : y x 2x = - va tiep tuyen vi (C) tai O(0 ; 0) va A(3 ; 3) tren (C).
b/ (C)
3 2
: y x 2x 4x 3, y 0 = - + - = va tiep tuyen vi (C) tai tiep iem co hoanh
o x = 2.
S: a/
9
;
4
b/
5
.
48

Bai 4. Cho Parabol (P):
2
y x = va ng tron (C) :
2 2
9
x y 4x 0
4
+ - + = .
a/ Chng to (P) va (C) tiep xuc nhau tai A va B.
b/ Tnh dien tch hnh phang gii han bi (P) va cac tiep tuyen chung tai A va B.
S: a/
3 6 6 6 3 6 6 6
A ; ; y x ; B ; ; y x .
2 2 6 4 2 2 6 4

= + - = - -


b/
6
.
2

Bai 5. ng thang (d): x 3y + 5 = 0 chia ng tron (C):
2 2
x y 5 + = thanh hai phan,
tnh dien tch moi phan.
S:
1 2
5 5 15 5
S ; S .
4 2 4 2
p p
= - = +
Bai 6. Tnh dien tch hnh phang gii han bi cac ng
a/
2
y x , y x. = = b/
3
x y 1 0; x y 1 0. - + = + - =
c/
2 2 2
x y 8; y 2x. + = = d/
2 3 2
y 2 x ; y x . = - =
Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 142
e/
4
x 1
y ; x 0; x .
2
1 x
= = =
-

S: a/
1
;
3
b/
5
;
4
c/
4
2 ;
3
p+ d/
32
;
15
e/ .
12
p

Bai 7. Tnh dien tch hnh phang gii han bi cac ng:
a/
x
y x.e ; y 0; x 1; x 2. = = = - = b/
2
y x. ln x; y 0; x 1; x e. = = = =
c/
x x
y e ; y e ; x 1.
-
= = = d/
x 2
y 5 ; y 0; x 0; y 3 x.
-
= = = = -
e/
5 x
y (x 1) ; y e ; x 1. = + = =
S: a/
2
2
e 2;
3
- + b/
2
1
(e 1);
4
- c/
1
e 2;
2
+ -
d/
24 1
;
25ln5 2
+ e/
23
e.
2
-
Bai 8. Tnh dien tch hnh phang gii han bi cac ng:
a/
2
x
y 2x va y x 4;
2
= + = + b/
2
y x 2 x 3 va 3x 5y 9 0; = - + + + - =
c/
x
y va y 0; x 1; x 2;
x 1
= = = =
+
d/
1
y lnx ; y 0; x va x e.
e
= = = =
S: a/
26
;
3
b/
55
;
6
c/
2
1 ln ;
3
- d/
2
2 .
e
-
Bai 9. Tnh dien tch hnh phang gii han bi cac ng:
a/
2
y sinx cos x, = + cac truc toa o va x = p;
b/
2
y sin x sinx 1, = + + cac truc toa o va x .
2
p
=
c/ y x sin x; y x; x 0; x 2 . = + = = = p
d/
2
y x sin x; y ; x 0; x . = + = p = = p
S: a/ 2 ;
2
p
+ b/
3
1 ;
2
p
+ c/ 4; d/ .
2
p

Bai 10. Dien tch gii han bi cac ng tha ng x = 1; x = 2; y = 0 va Parabol (P) bang
15. Tm phng trnh cua (P), biet (P) co nh la I(1 ; 2).
S:
2
y 3x 6x 5. = - +
Bai 11. Tnh dien tch hnh phang gii han bi (C):
2
x 2x 3
y ,
x 2
+ -
=
+
tien can xien
x = 0 va x = m > 0. Tm gii han cua dien tch nay khi m . +
S:
m
m 2
S 3ln ; lim S .
2
+
+
= = +



Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 143
Bai 12. Cho (H):
2x
y .
x 1
=
-

a/ Chng minh rang hnh phang c gii han bi (H), tiem can ngang va cac
ng thang x = a + 1; x = 2a + 1 co dien tch khong phu thuoc vao tham so a
dng.
b/ Lap phng trnh tiep tuyen (d) cua (H) tai goc toa o. Tnh dien tch hnh
phang gii han bi (H), (d) va ng thang x = 2.
S: a/ 2ln2; b/ 2ln3.
Bai 13. Cho Parabol (P) : y = x
2
. Hai iem A va B di ong tren (P) sao cho AB = 2.
a/ Tm tap hp trung iem I cua AB
b/ Xac nh v tr cua A, B sao cho dien tch cua phan mat phang gii han bi (P)
va cat tuyen AB at gia tr ln nhat.
S: a/
2
2
1
y x ;
1 4x
= +
+
b/ maxS 1; A( 1; 1); B(1; 1). = -
Bai 14. ng thang (D) i qua iem
1
M ; 1
2



va cac ban knh truc dng Ox, Oy la p
thanh mot tam giac. Xac nh (D) e dien tch tam giac co gia tr nho nhat va tnh
gia tr o.
S: (D) : y 2x 2. = - +
Bai 15. Cho Parabol (P): y = x
2
. Viet phng trnh ng thang (d) i qua I(1 ; 3) sao cho
dien tch hnh phang gii han bi (d) va (P) at gia tr nho nhat.
S: y 2x 1. = +
Bai 16. Tren Parabol (P) :
2
y x = lay hai iem A(1 ; 1) va B(3 ; 3). Tm iem M tren
cung

AB cua (P) sao cho tam giac MAB co dien tch ln nhat.
S:
1 1
M ;
3 9




Bai 17. Xet hnh (H) gii han bi ng tron (C):
2
y x 1 = + va cac ng thang
y = 0; x = 0; x = 1. Tiep tuyen tai iem nao cua (C) se cat t (H) ra mot hnh thang
co dien tch ln nhat.
S:
5 1 5
maxS ; M ; .
4 2 4

=



Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 144


Chu y: Khi tm the tch cua vat the tron xoay ta can xac nh:
* Mien hnh phang (H) sinh ra. ((H) gii han bi 4 ng: x =..., x = ..., y = ..., y = ...)
* (H) quay quanh truc Ox hoac truc Oy e ta dung cong thc thch hp.
Neu (H) quay quanh truc Ox th ham di dau tch phan la y = f(x), bien x va hai can
la x. Neu (H) quay quanh truc Oy th ham di dau tch phan la x = f(y), bien y va hai
can la y.

Van e 1: The tch vat tron xoay do hnh phang (H) gii han bi 4 ng:
(C) :y f(x); y 0; x a; x b (a b) = = = = < sinh ra khi quay quanh truc Ox c tnh bi cong
thc:
b b
2 2
a a
V y .dx [d(x)] .dx = p = p







Dien tch:
b
a
S f(x) .dx =

The tch:
b
2
a
V [f(x)] .dx = p


Van e 2: The tch vat tron xoay do hnh phang (H) gii han bi 4 ng:
(C) :x f(y), x 0, y a, y b (a b) = = = = < sinh ra khi quay quanh truc Oy c tnh bi cong
thc:
b b
2 2
a a
V x .dy [f(y)] .dy = p = p








Dien tch:
b
a
S f(y) dy. =

The tch:
b
2
a
V [f(y)] .dy = p


y
x b a
(H)
(C)
y
x
(H)
(C)
a
b


y
x
b
a
(H)
(C)
0
y
x
(C)
a
b
0
8o| 2. IHE ICH VAI IPON XOAY
Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 145
Van e 3: The tch vat tron xoay do hnh phang (H) gii han bi 4 ng:
1 2
(C ) : y f(x), (C ) : y g(x), x a, x b (a b) = = = = < vi f(x) va g(x) cung dau) sinh ra khi
quay quanh truc Ox c tnh bi:
b
2 2
a
V f (x) g (x) .dx = p -

(3)
* f(x) va g(x) cung dau co ngha la hai phan o th cung nam mot pha oi vi truc Ox,
vi moi x oan [a; b].
* e bo dau | | trong cong thc (3) ta chu y cac trng hp sau:

TH1:
1 2
(C ) (C ) va f(x) g(x) 0, x [a; b]: = > "

b
2 2
a
(3) V [f (x) g (x)].dx = p -





TH2:
1 2
(C ) (C ) va f(x) g(x) 0, x [a; b]: = < "

b
2 2
a
(3) V [f (x) g (x)].dx = p -





TH3:
1 2
(C ) ca t (C ) tai 2 iem A, B co hoanh o
x = a, x = b va d(x) > g(x) 0, x [a; b]: "

b
2 2
a
(3) V [f (x) g (x)].dx = p -





TH4:
1 2
(C ) ca t (C ) tai 2 iem A, B co hoanh o
x = a va f(x) < g(x) 0, x [a; b]: "

b
2 2
a
(3) V [f (x) g (x)].dx = p -




y
x 0
(H)
a b
(C
2
)
(C
1
)
y
y
x
0
(H)
a b
(C
1
)
(C
2
)
y
y
x
(H)
A B
a b
0
(C
2
)
(C
1
)
y
x
(H)
A B
a b
0
(C
2
)
(C
1
)
Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 146
TH5:
1 2
(C ) ca t (C ) tai 3 iem A, B, C, trong o x
A
= a
x
B
= b, x
C
= c vi a < c < b nh hnh ben:

1 2
(3) V V V = +

c b
2 2 2 2
a c
[f (x) g (x)]dx [g (x) f (x)]dx. = p - + p -




Van e 4: The tch vat tron xoay do hnh phang (H) gii han bi 4 ng:
1 2
(C ) : x f(y), (C ) : x g(y), y a, y b (a b) = = = = < vi f(y) va g(y) cung dau) sinh ra khi
quay quanh truc Oy c tnh bi:
b
2 2
a
V f (y) g (x) .dy = p -

(4)


TH1:
1 2 1 2
(C ) (C ) va x f(y) x g(y) 0, = = > =
vi moi y [a; b].

b
2 2
a
(4) V [f (y) g (y)].dy = p -





TH3:
1 2
(C ) ca t (C ) tai 2 iem A, B co tung o

A B
y a y b = < = va
1 2
x f(y) x g(y) 0, = > =
vi moi y [a; b].

b
2 2
a
(4) V [f (y) g (y)].dy = p -




* Cac TH2, TH4 va TH5 thc hien tng t nh van e 3.

V du 1: Xet hnh phang gii han bi (P) : y
2
= 8x va ng thang x = 2. Tnh the tch
khoi tron xoay khi quay hnh phang noi tren:
a/ quanh truc hoanh
b/ quanh truc tung.
Giai:
a/
2
(P): y 8x (P) : y 8x (x 0) = =
The tch V khoi tron xoay sinh ra khi quay hnh phang gii han bi (P) va x = 2 quanh
truc Ox la:
y
x
C
(C
1
)
(C
2
)
V
2

V
1

A
a c b
B
y
x
2

(H)
C
2

C
1

b
a
A
B
x
1

x
(H) x
1

x
2

y
x 0
C
2
C
1

a
b
Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 147

2 2
2
0 0
V y .dx 8x.dx 16 = p = p = p

(vtt).
b/
2 2
1
(P) : y 8x x y
8
= =
The tch V khoi ... quanh truc tung la:

2 4 4
2 2 2 4
1 4
1 1 899
V 2 y du 2 y dy ...
8 64 32
- -
p
= p - = p - = =



(vtt).
V du 2: Goi (H) la hnh phang gii han bi truc hoanh va parabol (p) :
2
y 2x x = - . Tnh
the tch cua khoi tron xoay khi cho (H)
a/ quay quanh truc hoanh
b/ quay quanh truc tung.
Giai:
a/ The tch V khoi tron xoay khi quay (H) quanh truc hoanh la:

2 2
2 2 2
0 0
16
V y .dx (2x x ) dx ...
15
p
= p = p - = =

(vtt).
b/
2 2
(P) : y 2x x x 2x y 0 (1) = - - + =

1 1
2 2
' 1 y 0 0 y 1
x 1 1 y, (0 x 1)
(1)
x 1 1 y, (1 x 2)
D = -

= - -

= + -


The tch V khoi tron xoay khi quay (H) quanh truc tung la:

1 1 1
2 2
2 1 2 1 2 1
0 0 0
8
V (x x )dy (x x )(x x )dy 2(2 1 y)dy ... .
3
p
= p - = p + - = p - = =


V du 3: Cho hnh gii han elip:
2
2
x
y 1
4
+ = quay quanh truc hoanh. Tnh the tch cua
khoi tron xoay c tao nen.
Giai:
2 2
2 2 2
x x 1
(E) : y 1 y 1 y 4 x , (| x | 2)
4 4 2
+ = = - = -
The tch V khoi tron xoay can tm la:

2 2
2 2
2 2
8
V y .dx (4 x ).dx ...
4 3
- -
p p
= p = - = =

(vtt).
V du 4: Goi (D) la mien kn gii han bi cac ng: y x, y 2 x = = - va y = 0.
Tnh the tch vat the tron xoay khi quay (D) quanh truc Oy.
Giai:
y
x 0
1
2 2
1
y
x 2 1 0
(H)
1
(P)
x
2

x
1

x
y
4
0

x = 2
2
(P)
Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 148

1
y x x x 2 = = =

2
y 2 x x x 2 y. = - = = -
The tch vat the tron xoay
khi quay (D) quanh truc Oy la:

1 1
2 2 2 2 2
2 1
0 0
V (x x )dy [(2 y) (y ) ] = p - = p - -



32
15
p
= (vtt).

BAI TAP
Bai 18. Tnh vat the tron xoay sinh ra bi phep quay quanh truc Ox cua mien (D) gii han
bi cac ng:
a/ y = lnx; y = 0; x = 2. b/
2
x y 5 0; x y 3 0. + - = + - =
c/
2
y x ; y x. = = d/
2 2
y x 4x 6; y x 2x 6. = - + = - - +
e/
2
y x(x 1) . = - f/
x
y x.e ; x 1; y 0 (0 x 1) = = =
g/
x x 2
y e ; y ; x 0; x 2.
- +
= = = = h/
3
y x ln(1 x ); x 1. = + =
i/
2
(P) : y x (x 0), y 3x 10; y 1 = > = - + = (mien (D)) nam ngoai (P)).
k/
4 4
y cos x sin x; y 0; x ; x .
2
p
= + = = = p
S: a/
2
2 (ln2 1) ; p - b/
153
;
5
p
c/
3
;
10
p

d/ 3p e/ .
105
p
f/
2
(e 1)
;
4
p -

g/
2 2
(e 1) ; p - h/ (2ln2 1).
3
p
- i/
56
.
5
p
k/
2
3
.
8
p

Bai 19. Tnh the tch khoi tron xoay c tao thanh do quay xung quanh truc oy hnh
phang gii han bi cac ng:
a/
2
y x ; y 1; y 2. = = = . b/
2 2
y x ; x y . = =
c/ ng tron tam I(3 ; 0), ban knh R = 2.
S: a/
3
;
2
p
b/
3
;
10
p
c/
2
24 . p
Bai 20. Xet hnh (H) gii han bi ng cong
1
y ;
x
= truc Ox; x = 1 va x = t
a/ Tnh dien tch S(t) cua (H) va the tch V(t) sinh bi (H) khi quay quanh Ox.
b/ Tnh:
t
limS(t)
+
va
t
lim V(t).
+

y
x
4 2 1 0
1
2
y x =
y 2 x = -
A
Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 149
S: a/ S(t) lnt; V(t) ;
t
p
= = p- b/
t t
limS(t) ; lim V(t)
+ +
= + = p
Bai 21. Cho mien (D) gii han bi ng tron (C):
2 2
x y 8 + = va parabol (p):
2
y 2x. =
a/ Tnh dien tch S cua (D).
b/ Tnh the tch V sinh bi (D) khi quay quanh Ox.
S: a/
4
2 .
3
- p b/
4
(8 2 7).
3
p
-
Bai 22. Tnh the tch vat the gii han bi cac mat tao nen khi quay cac ng:
a/
2 / 3
x
y b (0 x a)
a

=


quanh truc Ox.
b/ y sinx; y 0 (0 x ) = = p
a/ quanh truc Ox b/ quanh truc Oy.
c/
2
x x
y b ; y b
a a

= =



a/ quanh truc Ox. b/ Quanh truc Oy.
d/
x
y e ; y 0 (0 x )
-
= = < + quanh truc Ox va Oy.
S: a/
2
3
ab ;
7
p
b/
2
x
/ V ;
2
p
a =
2
y
/ V 2 . b = p
c/
2
x
4
/ V ab ;
15
a = p
2
y
ab
/ V .
6
p
b =
d/
x
/ V ;
2
p
a =
y
/ V 2 . b = p
Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 150



Bai 1. Tnh cac tch phan sau:
a/
2
2
2 x .dx;
-
+

b/
1 2
2
0
x dx
;
4 x -


c/
2 2
1
x 1
dx;
x
-

d/
1
2 3
0
dx
;
(1 x ) +


e/
1 2
2 2
0
x dx
;
(x 1) +

f/
/ 4
2
0
x
dx;
cos x
p


g/
/ 2
x
0
e . cos xdx;
p

h/
/ 4 4 4
x
/ 4
sin x cos x
dx;
3 1
p
-p
+
+


i/
0
cos2x.dx
;
sinx cosx 2
p
+ +

k/
5 / 12
2
/ 12
dx
;
sin2x 2 3 cos x 2 3
p
p
+ + -


S: a/
8
(4 2);
3
- b/
3
;
3 2
p
- c/ 3 ;
3
p
- d/
2
;
2

e/
1 1
ln2;
4 4
- + f/
2
ln ;
4 2
p
+ g/
/ 2
1
(e 1);
2
p
- h/
3
;
16
p

i/ 2ln3 2; k/
3
.
4

Bai 2. Biet
2
2)x 1), x 0
f(x)
K(1 x ), x 0
- +
=

- >

. Tm gia tr K e
1
1
f(x).dx 1.
-
=


S: K = 3.
Bai 3. a/ Cho ham so
2x
x
e
e
f(x) t. lnt.dt. =

Tm hoanh o iem cc ai x.
b/ Tm gia tr
3
x 0;
2
p



e ham so
2x
x
sint
f(x) dt
t
=

at cc ai.
S: a/ x ln2. = - b/ x .
3
p
=
Bai 4. Cho ham so
x
2
0
2t 1
f(x) dt, 1 x 1.
t 2t 2
+
= -
- +


Tm gia tr ln nhat va gia tr nho nhat cua ha m so f.
S: a/
1
minf f ;
2

= -


b/ maxf f(1). =
Bai 5. Cho ham so
x
2
0
f(x) (t 1)(t 2) dt. = - -

Tm iem cc tr va iem uon cua o th f.


ON IAF ICH FHAN
Tran S Tung Tch phan
Trang 151
S:
17 4 4 112
CT : 1; ; .Uo n : 2; ; ;
12 3 3 81

- -



Bai 6. ng thang (D): x 3y + 5 = 0 chia ng tron (C) :
2 2
x y 5 + = thanh 2 phan,
tnh dien tch cua moi phan.
S:
1 2
5 5 15 5
S ; S .
4 2 4 2
p p
= - = +
Bai 7. Xet hnh phang (H) gii han bi ng cong (C):
1
y ; y 0
x
= = ; x = 1; x = 2. Tm
toa o iem M tren (C) ma tiep tuyen tai M se cat t (H) ra mot hnh thang co
dien tch ln nhat.
S:
3 2
M ; .
2 3




Bai 8. Cho iem A thuoc (P): y = x
2
, (A khac goc O); (D) la phap tuyen tai A cua (P)
((D) vuong goc vi tiep tuyen tai A vi (P)). nh v tr cua A e dien tch gii
han nh bi (P) va (D) la nho nhat.
S:
4 1 1 1 1
minS ; A ; hay A ; .
3 2 4 2 4

= -



Bai 9. Cho hnh (H) gii han bi:
2 2
x y
1
16 4
x 4 2

- =

.
Tnh the tch sinh ra khi (H) quay quanh Oy.
S:
128
.
3
p

Bai 10. Cho hnh (H) gii han bi:
2
y ax , a 0
y bx, b 0
= >

= - >

.
Quay hnh (H) goc phan t th hai cua he toa o quanh truc Ox. Tm he thc
gia a va b e the tch khoi tron xoay sinh ra la hang so, khong phu thuoc vao a
va b.
S: b
5
= K.a
3
, vi K la hang so dng bat ky.
Bai 11. Tnh dien tch hnh phang gii han bi cac ng:

2
y x 4x 3 , y x 3. = - + = + (e thi chung cua Bo GDTkhoi A_2002)
S:
109
6
(vdt).
Bai 12. Tnh dien tch hnh phang gii han bi cac ng:

2 2
x x
y 4 va y .
4 4 2
= - = (e thi chung cua Bo GDT khoi B _ 2002)
Tch phan Tran S Tung
Trang 152
S:
4
2
3
p+ (vdt).
Bai 13. Tnh dien tch hnh phang gii han bi ng cong (C):
3x 1
y
x 1
- -
=
-
va hai truc
toa o. (e thi.......................................... khoi D_2002)
S:
4
1 4ln
3
+ (vdt).
Bai 14. Tnh tch phan
2 3
2
5
dx
I .
x x 4
=
+


(e thi.......................................... khoi A_2003)
S:
1 5
ln .
4 3

Bai 15. Tnh tch phan
/ 2 2
0
1 2sin x
I dx.
1 sin2x
p
-
=
+


(e thi.......................................... khoi B_2003)
S:
1
ln2.
2

Bai 16. Tnh tch phan
2
2
0
I x x dx. = -


(e thi.......................................... khoi D_2003)
S: 1.
Bai 17. Tnh tch phan
2
1
x
I dx.
1 x 1
=
+ +


(e thi.......................................... khoi A_2004)
S:
11
4ln2.
3
-
Bai 18. Tnh tch phan
e
1
1 3lnx. lnx
I dx
x
+
=


(e thi.......................................... khoi B_2004)
S:
116
.
135

Bai 19. Tnh tch phan
3
2
2
I ln(x x)dx. = -


(e thi.......................................... khoi D_2004)
S: 3ln3 2.

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