X L NC THI BNG

PHNG PHP SINH HC

X l nc thi bng phng php
sinh hc da trn hot ng sng ca
vi sinh vt, ch yu l vi khun d
dng hoi sinh c trong nc thi
C ch
Vi sinh vt c trong nc thi s dng cc hp cht hu c
v mt s cht khong lm ngun dinh dng v to ra
nng lng.
Sn phm ca cc qu trnh phn hy ny l kh CO
2
, H
2
O,
N
2
, ion sulfite
Mc ch: Kh cht hu c (COD, BOD).
ngha:
Chi ph thp
Thn thin vi mi trng
D vn hnh
Hiu kh K kh Thiu kh Kt hp hiu-
k kh
T nhin Nhn to T nhin
Ao sinh
hc
hiu
kh
Cnh
ng
ti
U
A
S
B
Lc k
kh
K kh
tip xc
Ao sinh
hc k
kh
Lc
Sinh
hc
Ae
Ro
tank
a
quay
Mng
Oxy
ha
Ao h
hiu kh
k kh
Nhn to
L qu trnh s dng vi sinh vt
oxy ha cc cht oxy ha trong
iu kin c oxy.
Gm t nhin v nhn to.
Ao h sinh hc hiu kh
Cnh ng ti v bi lc
L loi ao nng 0,3 0,5m c qu trnh
oxy ha cc cht bn hu c ch yu nh
cc VSV hiu kh
Nguyn l hot ng: Oxy t khng kh
d dng khuych tn vo lp nc pha
trn v nh sng mt tri chiu ri, lm
to pht trin, tin hnh quang hp thi ra
oxy.
Tham kho t bi ging k thut x l nc thi Thc s Lm Vn Sn
Thng s dng cho x l nc thi sinh hot do cha
N:P:K = 5:1:2 ph hp cho pht trin thc vt.
Nhm x l nc thi ng thi tn dng nc thi lm
ngun phn bn.
Nguyn tc hot ng: da trn kh nng gi cn trn
mt t, nc thm qua t nh i qua lc, trong t
cha VSV hiu kh vi lng oxy c trong cc l hng
v mao qun ca lp t mt.
B Aerotank
Lc sinh hc
a quay sinh hc
Mng oxy ha
L cc b phn ng sinh hc c lm hiu
kh bng cch thi kh nn v khuy o c
hc lm cho VSV to thnh cc ht bn hot
tnh l lng trong khp pha lng
L cng trnh b tng ct thp hnh ch nht
hoc hnh trn. Nc thi chy qua sut chiu
di b v c sc kh, khuy o nhm tng
cng lng oxy ha tan v tng cng qu
trnh oxy ha cht bn hu c c trong nc.
Nguyn l lm vic: qu trnh oxy ha gm 3 giai on
- G 1 : Tc oxh = tc tiu th oxy. giai on ny bn
hot tnh hnh thnh v pht trin. VSV sinh trng mnh dn
n lng oxy tng cao.
- G 2 : VSV pht trin n nh v tc tiu th oxy gn
nh t thay i. Chnh giai on ny cc cht bn hu c b
phn hy nht.
- G 3 : Sau 1 thi gian kh di tc oxy ho cm
chng v c chiu hng gim, tc tiu th ca
oxy tng ln.
DO
Thnh phn dinh dng
Nng c cht
Cc cht c c tnh trong nc thi
pH
Nhit
Nng cc cht l lng dng huyn ph
Cc yu t nh hng n kh nng lm
sch nc thi ca Aerotank.
B lc sinh hc l cng trnh nhn to, trong cht thi
c lc qua lp vt liu lc rn c bao bc lp mng vi
sinh vt.
B lc sinh hc bao gm cc b phn chnh sau: phn cha
vt liu lc, h thng phn phi nc trn ton b b mt b,
h thng thu v dn nc sau khi lc, h thng dn v phn
phi kh cho b lc.
Khi nim Cu to
Phn loi
Lc sinh hc c lp vt liu khng ngp
trong nc (lc phun hay lc nh git).
Lc sinh hc c lp vt liu ngp trong
nc.
Mt vi thng s phi c duy tr trong qu
trnh h thng lc sinh hc ang vn hnh
pH : 7
m
Nhit : 30-40 C
Mc Oxy
u im:
Gim vic trng coi
Tit kim nng lng
Nhc im:
Hiu sut lm sch nh hn vi cng mt ti lng khi
D b tc nghn
Rt nhy cm vi nhit
Khng khng ch c qu trnh thng kh, d bc mi
Chiu cao hn ch
Bn d khng n nh
Khi lng vt liu tng i nng nn gi thnh xy dng cao
u im:
Chim t din tch v khng cn b lng trong.
n gin, d dng cho vic bao, che cng trnh, kh
c hi, m bo m quan
Khng cn phi ra lc, v qun th VSV c c
nh trn gi cho php chng li s thay i ti
lng ca nc thi.
D dng ph hp vi nc thi pha long.
a vo hot ng rt nhanh, ngay c sau 1 thi gian
dng lm vic ko di hng thng.
C cu trc modun v d dng t ng ho
Nhc im:
Lm tng tn tht ti lng, gim lng nc thu hi.
Tn tht kh cp cho qa trnh, v phi tng lu lng
kh khng ch p ng cho nhu cu ca VSV m cn
cho nhu cu co thu lc
Phun kh mnh to nn dng chuyn ng xoy lm
gim kh nng gi huy ph
Khi nim:
L cng trnh ca thit bi x l nc thi bng k
thut mng lc sinh hc da trn s gn kt ca VSV
trn b mt ca vt liu
Nguyn tc hot ng:
- Khi mng sinh hc tip xc vi cht hu c c trong
nc thi sau tip xc vi oxy ra khi a
- Nh quay lin tc m mng sinh hc va tip xc vi
khng kh va tip xc vi cht hu c cht hu c
b phn hy nhanh.
Mng oxy ha l mt dng ci tin ca Aerotan khuy
trn hon chnh lm vic trong iu kin hiu kh ko
di vi bn hot tnh
Thng s dng i vi nc thi c nhim bn
cao BOD
20
= 1000 5000mg/l.
Gm t nhin v nhn to
B UASB.
Lc sinh hc k kh.
K kh tip xc.
- Lp bn lng c hot tnh rt cao di y.
cht thi c a vo t di dy ca b phn ng vo
trong lp bn.
- Di tc dung ca vi sinh vt k kh Chng c chuyn
ho thnh mtan v cacbon dioxide.
- Cht kh pht sinh gi cho c lp bn c trn u.
- Mt s ht b dy ln khi lp bn.
- Khi mt by kh chng lng xung tr li lp bn.
- Khng tn nhiu nng lng
- Qu trnh cng ngh khng i hi k thut phc tp
- To ra lng bn c hot tnh cao , nhng lng bn khng
sn sinh khng nhiu gim chi ph x l
- Loi b cht hu c vi lng ln,hiu qu
- X l BOD trong khong 600 150000 mg/l t t 80-95%
- C th x l mt s cht kh phn hy.
- To ra kh c ch
Din tch cn dng x l cht thi
ln.
Qu trnh to bn ht tn nhiu thi
gian kh kim sot.
Cn nhit kh cao.
- Chiu dy lp vt liu l 2m.
- Vt liu lc c th l :
Dng tm (cht do).
Vt liu ri ht, nh ht polyspiren c ng
knh 3-5 mm.
Vt liu lc
LC K KH
Nc thi c tip xc vi vt liu.
Khi nc thi chy qua lp vt liu lc, vi
khun to thnh mng vi sinh vt .
Cht hu c khi tip xc vi mng vsv s b
hp th v phn hy.Bn cn c gi li
trong khe rng ca lp lc.
Sau 2-3 thng lm vic x bn mt ln,thau
ra lc.
Ht Biolite:Kch thc nh hn 0.5mm vi
nhng c tnh:
- Cu to l nn din tch ring l kh ln.
- Khi lng ring nh.
- Chu c va p.
LC K KH
Nc thi c bm hng ln qua lp
vt liu lc
Vi sinh vt trong nc thi c c nh
trn lp vt liu ht.
Lp vt liu ny khng c t c nh
v c khuynh hng gin n khi c dng
nc i qua.
u im :
t b tt nghn trong qu trnh lm vic
Khng ty tri cc qun th sinh hc bm trn vt
liu.
Nhc im:
gi lu lng 5 10 m
3
/h gi cho lp vt liu
trng thi xp trng n.
phi thu hi cc ht vt liu theo dng
nu mun loi b huyn ph cn phi t thm
thit b lng trong tip theo.
Trong nhiu trng hp, phi thc hin axit ho
s b.
LC K KH
Cng trnh gm mt b phn ng v mt b lng
ring bit vi mt thit b iu chnh bn tun hon.
Nguyn l lm vic:
Nc thi cha x l c khuy trn vi vng tun
hon v sau c phn hy trong b phn ng kn
khng cho khng kh vo. Sau khi phn hy, hn hp
bn nc i vo b lng: nc trong i ra v bn
c lng xung y.
u im
- C th chuyn bn t b ny sang b khc mt
cch d dng
- Lc b c BOD
5
ti 80 95% v COD t
65 90% ( ty thuc vo bn cht ca nc
thi)
ng dng:
Phng php ny t chu nh hng bi lu lng,
thch hp i vi vic x l phn chung, x l cc
nc thi c nh trong cng nghip hp, ct cn,
cng nghip ha cht, cng nghip bt giy, cng
nghip ng.
Ao h k kh l loi ao su. Cc VSV k kh hot
ng sng khng cn oxy ca khng kh. Chng s
dng oxy cc hp cht nh nitrat, sulfat oxy ha
cc cht hu c thnh cc axit hu c, cc loi ru v
kh CH
4
, H
2
S, CO
2
, , v H
2
O
Qa trnh x l sinh hc k
kh t nhin
Nguyn l lm vic:
Nc thi dn vo h c t chm m bo cho vic
phn phi cn ng u trong h. Ca x nc ra khi
h theo kiu thu nc b mt v c tm ngn bn
khng cho ra cng vi nc
ng dng:
Loi ao h ny c th tip nhn loi nc thi ( k c
nc thi cng nghip) c nhim bn ln, ti BOD
cao v khng cn vai tr quang hp ca to.
y l loi ao h ph bin trong thc t. l loi
kt hp c hai qu trnh song song: phn hy hiu kh
cc cht hu c ha tan c iu trong nc v phn
hy k kh ( sn phm ch yu l CH
4
) cn lng
vng y.
QU TRNH X L SINH HC
HIU KH KT HP K KH
Nguyn l lm vic:
- tng trn qu trnh oxy ha cc cht hu c
nhim bn trong nc xy ra nh to quang hp
di tc dng ca nh sng mt tri.
- tng di cc cht hu c b phn hy k kh
sinh ra cc kh CH
4
, H
2
S, H
2

Ao h hiu k kh (Ao h ty nghi)

Sau khi x l sinh hc, nc thi c th gim c 90
98% BOD nhng tng N ch gim c 30 40% v
khong 30% lng P, hm lng N v P vt qu ngng
cho php th cn x l b sung bng phng php thiu
kh
y l qu trnh chuyn ha Nitrat thnh N trong iu
kin khng cp thm oxy t ngoi vo.
Qa trnh kh Nitrat bao gm vic oxy ha nhiu cht
hu c trong x l nc thi, s dng Nitrat hoc Nitrit
nh l cht nhn in t thay cho oxy.