B mn k thut my tnh

n mn hc H thng nhng

Nhn xt ca gio vin hng dn

Thi Nguyn, ngy....thng 5 nm 2011. Gio vin hng

dn
(K ghi r h tn)

Nhn xt ca gio vin chm

Thi Nguyn, ngy....thng 5 nm 2011 Gio vin hng

dn
(K ghi r h tn)

GVHD Th.s. Nguyn Vn Huy

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Mc lc
Li ni u................................................................................................................... 4
Chng 1 . Phn tch h thng .................................................................................... 5
1.1 Tng quan v h thng n giao thng.............................................................. 5
1.1.1. Mch dng IC s ......................................................................................... 5
1.1.2. Vi mch dng k thut vi x l ................................................................... 6
1.1.3.

iu ............................................................. khin bng vi iu khin

1.1.4.

iu khin bng PLC ........................................................................ 6

1.2 Xc nh bi ton: .............................................................................................. 8

1.2.1 Xc nh bi ton ........................................................................................ 8
1.2.2 Yu cu ca bi ton thit k h thng iu khin n giao thng... 8
1.2.3 Gii php cng ngh ............................................................................... 10
1.2.4 Gii php thit k .................................................................................... 11
1.2.5 Yu cu v gii hn ca h thng iu khin n giao thng dng vi
iu khin ........................................................................................................... 11
Chng 2. THIT K H THNG .......................................................................... 12
2.1 S khi tng quan ca h thng.................................................................. 12
2.2 Gin thi gian ............................................................................................. 13
2.3 S nguyn l ............................................................................................. 14
2.3.1 Gii thch cc khi .................................................................................. 14
2.3.1.1. Bn phm ......................................................................................... 14
2.3.1.2. Khi hin th . .................................................................................. 15
2.3.1.3 Khi iu khin trung tm ............................................................... 16
2.3.1.3.1 Khi reset ................................................................................ 16
2.3.1.3.2 Khi to xung giao ng ......................................................... 17
2.3.1.3.3 Khi vi iu khin ................................................................... 17
2.3.1.4 Khi ngun ...................................................................................... 18
2.3.2 Nguyn l hot ng ................................................................................. 18
2.4 S thut ton iu khin h thng n giao thng .................................... 19
2.4.1. Chng trnh chnh ................................................................................. 19
2.4.2.

Chng .......................................................................... trnh ngt

2.4.3.

Chng trnh led7 ..................................................................... 22

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2.4.4 Chng trnh hin th ................................................................................ 23

2.4.5 Chng trnh set (hin th thi gian ci t cho h thng) ....................... 23
2.5 La chn linh kin............................................................................................ 24
2.5.1 B iu khin 8 bit Pic 16F877A.............................................................. 24
2.5.1.1 .Tng quan v pic ............................................................................ 24
2.5.1.2 Gii thiu v PIC 16F877A ............................................................. 25
2.5.1.2.1.S chn... .............................................................................. 25
2.5.1.2.2. Cc thng s ca PIC 16F877A .............................................. 25
2.5.1.2.3. Cng xut nhp (I/O port) ....................................................... 26
2.5.1.2.4. Timer ....................................................................................... 29
2.5.2 LED 7 on ....... ....................................................................................... 33
2.5.3 Diot pht quang (LED) ............................................................................. 34
2.5.5 in tr ..................................................................................................... 35
2.5.6 T in ...................................................................................................... 35
2.5.7 Thch anh.................................................................................................. 35
2.5.8 Nt bm (Button): ..................................................................................... 35
2.5.9 IC n p 7805............................................................................................ 35
Chng 3. Xy dng h thong ................................................................................... 36
3.1 Chng trnh iu khin.................................................................................. 36
3.2. S mch in (layout) .................................................................................... 38
3.2.1. Mch iu khin trung tm ....................................................................... 39
3.2.2. Mch bn phm ......................................................................................... 39
Chng 4 Mch chy m phng ................................................................................ 40
Kt lun ...................................................................................................................... 41
Ti liu tham kho ..................................................................................................... 42

Li ni u
Ngy nay cng vi s pht trin i ln ca x hi, cc phng tin tham gia
giao thng cng gia tng khng ngimgv h thong giao thng ngy cng phc tp .
V vy m bo giao thng c an ton v thng sut th vic s dng cc h
thong tn hiu iu khin v phn lung ti cc nt giao thng l rt cn thit.
Nhn thay y vn rt st thc, vi nhng kin thc c trang b
trong qu trnh hc tp v nghin cm ti trng i hc K Thut Cng Nghip

GVHD Th.s. Nguyn Vn Huy

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chng em la chn ti: Thit k v m phng h thng iu khin n giao

thng cho ng t ".
Trong qu trnh thc hin n chng em nhn c s ch bo, hng
dn tn tnh ca cc thy c trong khoa c bit l s ch bo ca thy
ThS.Nguyn Vn Huy. Chng em xin trn thnh cm n s ch bo ca cc thy c!
Trong khi thc hin n do kin thc cn hn ch cng nh chng em cha
c nhiu iu kin i kho st thc t, vi mt khong thi gian ngan thc hin,
do vy m n ca chng em cn nhiu thiu st mong cc thy c ng gp v b
xung kin n ca chng em c hon thin hon
Chng em xin chn thnh cm n!
Ngy 25 thng 5 nm 2011.
Nhm sinh vin thc hin:
Trn Danh Long.
Phm Quang Lun.
Nguyn Tun Ninh.

Chng 1 . Phn tch h thng.

1.1 Tng quan v h thng n giao thng.

Ngy nay cng vi s pht trin ca khoa hc k thut, x hi ngy cng vn

minh v hin i, s pht trin th ngy mt i ln. Nhu cu v giao thng ngy
cng tr nn cp thit, nht l trong cc khu vc thnh th. Do nhu cu ca i sng
con ngi, c bit l nhu cu i li, cc loi phng tin giao thng tng mt
cch chng mt. Ring ti Vit Nam s lng xe my trong nhng nm qua tng mt
cch t bin, mt xe lu thng trn ng ngy mt nhiu, trong khi h thng
ng x ti Vit Nam cn qu nhiu hn ch nn thng gy ra cc hin tng nh
kt xe, ch tc giao thng, c bit l tai nn giao thng ngy cng ph bin tr thnh
mi him ha cho nhiu ngi.
V l do cc lut giao thng ln lt ra i v c a vo s dng mt
cch lng l ri dn tr nn ph bin nh hin nay. Trong h thng n giao
thng l cng c iu khin giao thng cng cng thc t v hiu qu c vai tr rt
ln trong vic m bo an ton v gim thiu tai nn giao thng.

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1.1.1. Mch dng IC s.

n mn hc H thng nhng

Vi mch dng IC s c cc u im sau:

- Tn hao cng sut b, mch c th dng pin hoc acquy.
- Gi thnh r .
- Mch n gin d thc hin. Song vi vic s dng k thut s rt kh khn
trong vic thay i chng trnh. Mun thay i mt yu cu no ca chng
trnh th buc lng phi thay i phn cng. Do mi ln phi lp li mch dn n
tn km v kinh t m nhiu khi yu cu khng thc hin c nh phng php
ny.
Vi s pht trin mnh m ca ngnh k thut s c bit l cho ra i cc h
vi x l, vi iu khin hay PLC gii quyt c nhng b tc v kinh t hn m
phng php dng IC s kt ni li khng thc hin c.
1.1.2. Vi mch dng k thut vi x l.
Ngoi nhng u im nh lit k trong phng php dng IC s th
phng php dng k thut vi x l con c nhng u im sau:
Ta c th thay i chng trnh mt cch linh hot bng vic thay i phn
mm trong khi phn cng khng thay i m mch dng IC s khng th thc
hin c m nu c th thc hin c th cng cng nhc m ngi cng nhn
cng kh tip cn, d nhm.
S linh kin s dng trong mch t hn
Mch n gin hn so vi mch dng IC s. Song do phn cng ca vi x l
ch s dng CPU n chp m khng c cc b nh Ram, Rom, cc b timer, h
thng ngt. Nn vic vit chng trnh gp nhiu kh khn. Do vy hin nay
khc phc nhng nhc im trn hin nay ngi ta thng dng b vi iu
khin.
iu khin bng vi iu khin.

1.1.3.

Ngoi nhng u im c ca hai phng php trn, phng php ny cn c

nhng u im sau:
-

Trong mch c th s dng ngay b nh trong i vi chng trnh c quy

m nh, rt tin li m vi x l khng thc hin c.

N c th giao tip ni tip trc tip vi my tnh m vi x l cng giao

tip c nhng l giao tip song song nn cn c linh kin chuyn i d
liu t song song sang ni tip giao tip vi my tnh.

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-

n mn hc H thng nhng

Do trong vi iu khin c s dng cc b timer, cc h thng ngt, cu

lnh n gin nn vic lp trnh n gin, d thc hin.

1.1.4.

Ph hp vi kin thc ca sinh vin.

iu khin bng PLC

Vi phng php iu khin bng PLC c nhng u im sau:

Lm vic chc chn, lin tc v c tui th cao.
Chc nng iu khin thay i d dng bng thit b lp trnh (my tnh, mn
hnh) m khng cn thay i phn cng nu khng c yu cu thm bt cc thit
b xut nhp.
C th lm vic trong nhiu iu kin khc nhau.
Hng dn ngi s dng n gin.
Thi gian hon thnh mt chu trnh iu khin rt nhanh (vi ms). Tuy
phng php ny c nhiu u im hn vi x l nhng vic p dng trong cc
h thng nh l khng thch hp bi gi thnh rt cao.
V d h thng n giao thng hin nay Thi Nguyn.
(n ti ng t ng Minh cu giao nhau vi ng Hong Vn Th).

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Hnh 1.1. Kho st s b ti ng t ng Minh cu.

H thng n giao thng ti ng t ny gm :
C 4 ct n.
Thi gian sng ca cc n T = 28 giy,Tvng = 3 giy, Txanh = 25 giy.
Hin th thi gian m ngc bng led ma trn.
Gm 3 n tn hiu Xanh, ,Vng .
Ch hot ng mt ch .
Khng c ch phn ln xe cc thi im.
Vi cc phng php nu trn y chng em la chn gii php iu
khin bng vi iu khin bi y l phng php ph hp v ti u nht vi ti.
1.2 Xc nh bi ton.
1.2.1 Xc nh bi ton.
Thit k h thng iu khin n giao thng ti ng t dng vi iu khin
gm:
4 ct n, c n tn hiu phn lung r tri trc.
Hin th thi gian m li trn led 7 thanh v tr lng trng ct v trn nh
ca ct n.
1.2.2 Yu cu ca bi ton thit k h thng iu khin n giao thng.
Trc tnh hnh phng tin tham gia giao thng ngy cng gia tng khng
ngng v h thng giao thng nc ta ngy cng phc tp. Dn n tnh trng n tc
v tai nn giao thng ngy cng gia tng. V vy m bo giao thng c an ton
v thng sut th vic s dng cc h thng tn hiu iu khin v phn lung ti
cc nt giao thng l rt cn thit. Vi tm quan trng nh vy h thng iu khin
tn hiu giao thng cn m bo cc yu cu sau:
m bo hot ng mt cch chnh xc,lin tc trong thi gian di.
tin cy cao.
m bo lm vic n nh, lu di.
D quan st cho ngi i ng.
Chi ph nh, tit kim nng lng.

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Gi s c mt ng t nh hnh v:

n mn hc H thng nhng

______ \

Hnh 1.3. S m phng hot ng ca 1 h thng n giao thng

C chu k n tn hiu T= T0 + Txanh + Tvno Trong :
T : L thi gian n sng.
Txanh L thi gian n xanh sng.
Tvng L thi gian n vng sng.
T = Txanh + Tvng.

+
+
+
+

> Xt ti thi im xt bi ton th:

TH 1: n 1 xanh sng, n 2 sng.
Khi h thng s cho php cc hng sau i:
* BI

AI

D2

A2

DI

B2

C2

C2

Neu nh khng c phn ln, u tin hng i th d gy ra tai nn, n tc ti

cc im giao ct (E, F) nh trn hnh v.
T thc t ta thit k h thng c thm ch dn phn ln u tin cho
cc hng nh sau: B1 n C2 v D2 n AI.

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A
I

0
1

A
2

0
2

Hnh 1.2. M phng h thng nh thit k

TH 2: n 1 vng sng v n 2 sng th cnh bo chuyn sang TH3.
TH 3: n 1 sng v n 2 xanh sng th ta thit k tng t nh TH
trn.
1.2.3 Gii php cng ngh.
Mch iu khin dng vi iu khin.
Hin th thi gian dng led 7 on.
n bo hng u tin dng n led n.
Cc n bo dng led n.
Bn phm reset v t thi gian cho h thng (thi gian 1 chu k n).
1.2.4 Gii php thit k.
- Thit k mch m phng trn phn mm Proteus 7.
- Cng c lp trnh: phn mm PIC c Compiler (CCS).
- Thit k mch in bng phn mm Orcad 10.5.

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1.2.5 Yu cu v gii hn cua h thng iu khin n giao thng dng vi iu

khin.
Yu cu:
+

Hot ng chnh xc.

Mch in n gin.

Gi thnh thp tnh ng dng trong thc t cao.

C kh nng m rng.

Gii hn:
+

C s sai lch trong thi gian so vi thi gian thc.

Kh lin kt vi cc h thng gim st chung ca h thng giao

thng.

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Chong 2. THIT K H THNG

2.1 S khi tng quan ca h thng

Khi iu khin trung tm.

Khi
Ngun.

Khi hin thi.

Hnh 2.1: S khi tng quan ca h thng

Trong :
Khi ngun:
+ Ngun 1 chiu in p 5V cp cho vi iu khin, led hin th. Khi
iu khin trung tm:
+ Vi iu khin trung tm.
+ Phn mm iu khin.
Khi hin th:
+ Led 7 on dng ngun 1 chiu hin th thi gian m ngc ca cc n.
+ n phn ln, ch dn, n xanh, n vng, n : led n s dng ngun
1 chiu.
Bn phm: bn phm t thi gian sng ca cc n, reset v bt u cho h
thng hot ng.

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2.2 Gin thi gian.

xanh, i thns v
xanh r tri

vn
g

r phi

Hnh 2.2: Gin thi gian ca cc n

Ch thch:
+ Trn gin thi gian c 3 n mu(Xanh, Vng, ) khi trng thi mc
1 tc l n sng, mc 0 n tt. Chu k sng tt cc n c lp i lp li
nh trn gin .
Th t sng Xanh => Vng => .
C u tin khi n Xanh sng( u tin 1 v u tin 2 nh trnh by trn; Tg
Xanh sng = Tg xanh r tri+ Tg xanh i thng v r phi).

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2.3 So nguyn l.

_ bo IK

Q1

bi IV

fK

n mn hc H thng nhng

03

b3 Ik

04

05

b IK

IC

LED 7 THANH HIEN THI THOI GIAN DEM NGUOC

PtBCDGFG DP 12

1FTT
I ------T

den do

Hnh 2.3: S nguyn l m phng h thng

2.3.1 Gii thch cc khi.
2.3.1.1. Bn phm
R1
10K

R2

R3
10K

10
K

------ 0 o
C1

|o o'
C3

|o o'
C2

10uF

M
10uF

OSCDEFG DP 1s

Tin

I'

M
10uF

OBCDEFG DP 12

wn

Hnh 2.4 S nguyn l khi bn phm

Khi nt c tc dng t thi gian (chu k ca n xanh) cho h thng
hot ng v bt u chy h thng.
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Khi nt bm dc chng rung bng phn mm v phn cng + Chng rung

bng phn mm: to khong thi gian tr gia cc ln bm phm

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+ Chng rung bng phn cng ni thm t 1 OjLiF mc song song vi phm
bm
Trong h thng ny khi nt bm s c thit k ring trn 1 bo mch cng
vi nt bm ca khi reset
> Nguyn l hot ng .
Khi cp ngun nu nh khng c phm no c bm h thng s trng thi
ch. Neu cc phm bm ni vi cng REO v RE1 ca PIC c bm (ng vi mc
logic 0) th chng trnh s chy theo thi gian thit lp khi bm phm start (ni vi
cng RE2). Neu cc phm SET TIME khng c bm th khi bm phm Start chng
trnh s chy theo thi gian mc nh t vi chu k n l: R tri 10s,i thng 17s
,vng 3s v l 30s c hai nhnh.
2.3.1.2. Khi hin th
LED 7 THANH HIEN THI THOI GIAN DEM NGUOC

Hnh 2.5. S nguyn l khi hin th

n xanh sng ng vi cng RBO (ca nhnh 1) v RB4 (ca nhnh 2) c
xut mc logic 1 m tranzitor Q1 v Q5 khuch i dng in v a vo n tn
hiu (n led).
n xanh i thng sng ng vi cng RB1 (ca nhnh 1) v RB5 (ca nhnh 2)
c xut mc logic 1 m tranzitor 2 v Q6 khuch i dng in v a vo n
tn hiu (n led).

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n vng sng ng vi cng RB2 (ca nhnh 1) v RB6 (ca nhnh 2) c

xut mc logic 1 m tranzitor Q3 v Q7 khuch i dng in v a vo n tn
hiu (n led).
n sng ng vi cng RB3 (ca nhnh 1) v RB7 (ca nhnh 2) c xut
mc logic 1 m tranzitor Q4 v Q8 khuch i dng in v a vo n tn hiu
(n led).
Cc n tn hiu c ni chung m.
Led 7 thanh l loi c ni chung anot. Mi ct n s c 2 led 7 thanh hin th
thi gian m ngc. Chn anot chung ca cc led c iu khin thng qua cng
RCO v RC1 (mc logic 1) cc thanh a,b,c ,d ,e ,f,g ca led c iu khin bng
cng RD (mc logic 0) ca PIC (thanh a-RDO, thanh b-RDl, thanh C-RD2, thanh
d-RD3, thanh e-RD4, thanh f- RD5, thanh g-RD6).
Khi c tn hiu iu khin mc logic 1 chn RCO th led hng chc s c
m v thanh no c ni vi mc 0 s sng (tn hiu iu khin logic 0 cng
RD). Khi c tn hiu iu khin mc logic 1 chn RC1 th led hng n v s
c m v thanh no c ni vi mc 0 s sng (tn hiu iu khin logic 0
cng RD).
2.3.1.3 Khi iu khin trung tm
iu khin cc khi khc thng qua phm mm iu khin: xut mc logic 0
hay 1 ra cc cng RB, RC, RD v nhn tn hiu logic t cng RE
Khi iu khin trung tm gm cc khi nh: Khi vi iu khin, khi to xung
giao ng, khi reset.
2.3.1.3.1 Khi reset.
vcc

Hnh 2.6. S khi reset

Khi RESET c tc dng a vi iu khin v trng thi ban u. Khi nt Reset c n
in p +5V t ngun c ni vo chn Reset ca vi

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iu khin c chy thng xung t lc ny in p ti chn vi iu khin thay

i t ngt v 0, vi iu khin nhn bit c s thay i ny v khi ng li
trng thi ban u cho h thng.
2.3.1.3.2 Khi to xung giao ng.
XTAL2
XTAL1
T2
20MHz

:C 1

GND

Hnh 2.7 S nguyn l khi to xung dao ng y l b dao

ng thch anh c tc dng to xung nhp vi tn s 20MHz cho vi iu khin hot
ng. Hai u ny c ni vo 2 chn XTAL1 v XTAL2 ca vi iu khin.
2.3.1.3.3 Khi vi iu khin.
MCLR/VPP/THV l
RAO/ANo nu

401 RB7/PGD
351 RB6/PGC

RA1/AN1GT

3a| RB5

RA2/AN2/VREFw
RA3/AN3/VREF+ ~5~

37] RB4

RA4/TOCKI T

3 RB2

i| RB3/PGM

RA5/AN4/SSQT

13 RB 1

REO/RD/AN5 [r

m RBO/INT

RE1 /WR/AN6 [H
RE2/CS/AN7 [;
VDD QT
vss 2
OSC1 /CLKIN [U
OSC2/CLKOUT [T

321 VDD
PIC1 6F877

~3 vss
301 RD7/PSP7

mRD6/PSP6
HI RD5/PSP5
27] RD4/PSP4

RCO/1 OSI/T1 CKI

m RC7/RX/DT

RC1/T1OSO/CCP2m

sl RC6/TX/CK

RC2/CCP1 T7

RC3/SCK/SCL m;
RDO/PSPO T
RD1/PSP1i

13 RC5/SDO

m RC4/SDI/SDA
m RD3/PSP3

21 RD2/PSP2

Hnh 2.8. S chn PIC6F877A Cc n tn hiu c

icu khicn thng qua cng RB, Lcd 7 thanh c iu khin bng cng RD v
RC ca PIC 16F877A.
+ Khi nt bm c ni vo cc chn 9,10, 11 (REO,RE 1 ,RE2)

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Khi dao ng ni vo chn 13 14(OSCl ,OSC2).

Khi ngun ni vo chn 11,12 v 31, 32. Vcc vo chn 11 v

32.GND vo chn 12 v 31.

+ Khi Reset ni vo chn 1 (MCLR).
2.3.1.4 Khi ngun.
UI

vcc

GND

Hnh 2.9. S nguyn khi ngun

y l mch dng to ra ngun in p chun +5V. S dng IC7805.u
vo l in p xoay chiu sau khi c bin i qua my bin th, a vo b Diod
cu cho ra dng in mt chiu( lc ny in p nm trong khong t 7->10V). Sau
khi i qua IC n p 7805 s to ra ngun in p chun +5V cung cp cho mch.IC n
p 7805: u vo > 7V u ra 5V, 500 mA. Mch n p: cn cho vi iu khin v nu
ngun cho vi iu khin khng n nh th s treo vi iu khin, khng chy ng hoc
reset lin tc thm ch l cht vi iu khin.
2.3.2 Nguyn l hot ng.
Khi n nt Start h thng s hot ng theo thi gian mc inh hoc thi gian
t.
Thi im u tin n xanh r tri nhnh 1 v n nhnh 2 s sng.
Thi im th 2 n xanh i thng v n nhnh 2 sng.
Thi im th 3 n vng nhnh 1 v n nhnh 2 sng.
Thi im th 4 n nhnh 1 v n xanh r tri nhnh 2 sng.
Thi im th 5 n nhnh 1 v n xanh i thng nhnh 2 sng.
Thi im th 6 n nhnh 1 v n vng nhnh 2 sng.
ng thi trn cc led s hin th thi gian m ngc dn xung 00 theo
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B mn k thut my tnh

n mn hc H thng nhng

thi gian tr l 1 s. Sau h thng s lp li trng thi hot ng t thi im

u tin.
Nu n nt Reset h thng s tr v trng thi ch' ban u.
2.4

So' thut ton iu khin h thng n giao thng.

2.4.1. Chng trnh chnh.

Chng trnh chnh

Bt u chng trnh chnh s kim tra phm bm :

Neu kt=0 khng thay i thi gian hot ng v chng trnh s chy theo
thi gian mc nh t sn
+ n xanh r tri sng lOs,
+

n xanh i thng sng

n vng sng 3s.

17s.

+ n sng 30s).
Neu bin kt=l c ngha l thay i thi gian hot ng ca n.
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B mn k thut my tnh

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+ n xanh r tri sng (Tt/3)(s).

+

n xanh i thng sng

n vng sng 3s.

Tt-(Tt/3+3)(s).

+ n sng Tt(s).
Chy vo chng trnh ngt sau ls th thi gian s gim xung 1 v xut tn hiu
iu khin ra cc n. Chng trnh hin th s hin th thi gian m ngc ra cc
LED 7 on.

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B mn k thut my tnh
2.4.2.
Cho'ng trnh ngt

n mn hc H thng nhng

(^^begin
count=0
time=t3

count=0

Gim time xung

1 n v (time--)

T
time=t3

(^END^)

Hnh 2.11 .S thut ton iu khin chng trnh ngt

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B mn k thut my tnh

n mn hc H thng nhng

B mn k thut my tnh
2.4.4 Chong trnh hin th

n mn hc H thng nhng

Xut tn hiu iu khin n ra

cng RB:output_b(den[d])

Hnh 2.13 .S thut t lai bin d

chng trnh hin th

ton

iu

khin

2.4.5 Chng trnh set (hin th thi gian ci t cho h thng)

Ll=(time/ 1)% 10.

L2=(time/ 10) %
10.

(^END^)
Hnh 2.14 .S thut ton iu khin chng trnh set
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B mn k thut my tnh
2.5 La chn lnh kin.

n mn hc H thng nhng

2.5.1 B iu khin 8 bit Pic 16F877A.

2.5.1.1.

Tng quan v pic.

a. PIC L G ?
PIC l vit tt ca Programable Intelligent Computer, c th tm dch lmy
tnh thng minh kh trnhdo hng Genenral Instrument t tn cho vi iu khin u
tin ca h: PIC1650 c thit k dng lm cc thit b ngoi vi cho vi iu khin
CP1600. Vi iu khin ny sau c nghin cu pht trin thm v t' hnh
thnh nn dng vi iu khin PIC ngy nay.
b. Ti sao li dng PIC m khng phi l cc loi vi iu khin khc.
Hin nay trn th trng c rt nhiu h vi iu khin nh 8051, Motorola
68HC, AVR, ARM,...Ngoi h 8051 c hng dn mt cch cn bn mi trng
i hc, bn thn ngi vit chn h vi iu khin PIC m rng vn kin thc v
pht trin cc ng dng trn cng c ny v cc nguyn nhn sau: H vi iu khin ny
c th tm mua d dng ti th trng Vit Nam. Gi thnh khng qu t. C y
cc tnh nng ca mt vi iu khin khi hot ng c lp. L mt s b sung rt tt v
kin thc cng nh v ng dng cho h vi iu khin mang tnh truyn thng: h vi
iu khin 8051. S lng ngi s dng h vi iu khin PIC. Hin nay ti Vit Nam
cng nh trn th gii, h vi iu khin ny c s dng kh rng ri. iu ny to
nhiu thun li trong qu trnh tm hiu v pht trin cc ng dng nh: s lng ti
liu, s lng cc ng dng m c pht trin thnh cng, d dng trao i, hc
tp, d dng tm c s ch dn khi gp kh khn,...S h tr ca nh sn xut v
trnh bin dch, cc cng c lp trnh, np chng trnh t n gin n phc tp,...Cc
tnh nng a dng ca vi iu khin PIC, v cc tnh nng ny khng ngng c pht
trin.

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B mn k thut my tnh

n mn hc H thng nhng

2.5.1.2 Gii thiu v PIC 16F877A.

2.5.1.2.1.S chn.

Hnh 2.15. nh thc t PIC16F877A

M c LR/VP P/THV rr

V...'

RAO/ANO [E
RA 1 /AN 1 l~5~

RB7/PGD
n RB6/RGC
5 RB5

RA2/AN2/VREF \ZL

g RB4

RA3/AN3/VREF+ fs~

l RB3/PGM

RA4/TOCKI [~i~

35] RB2

RA5/AN4/SS \zL

15 RB1

REO/RD/AN5 [

HI RBO/INT

RE 1 /WR/AN6 r~
RE2/CS/AN7 [70
VDD [TT
vss [H
OSC1 /CLKIN [I

32| VDD
m vss
301 RD7/PSP7
11 RD6/PSP6
m RD5/PSP5

OSC2/CLKOUT E

13 RD4/PSP4

RCO/1 OSI/T1 CKI QI

m RC7/RX/DT

RC1/T1 OSO/CCP2 E
RC2/CCP1 [T
RC3/SCK/SCL [n;

n RC6/TX/CK
241 RC5/SDO
n RC4/SDI/SDA

RDO/PSPO [

22| RD3/PSP3

RD1/PSR1 [50

13 RD2/PSP2

Hnh 2.16. S chn ca PIC16F877A

2.5.1.2.2. Cc thng s ca PIC 16F877A.

y l vi iu khin thuc h PIC16Fxxx vi tp lnh gm 35 lnh c di Mbit.
Mi lnh u c thc thi trong mt chu k xung clock.
Tc hot ng ti a cho php l 20 MHz vi mt chu k lnh l 200ns.
B nh chng trnh 8Kxl4 bit, b nh d liu 368x8 byte RAM v b nh
d liu EEPROM vi dung lng 256x8 byte.
S PORT I/O l 5 vi 33 pin I/O.
Cc c tnh ngoi vi bao gmcc khi chc nng sau:

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B mn k thut my tnh

n mn hc H thng nhng

+ TimerO: b m 8 bit vi b chia tn s 8 bit.

+

Timer 1: b m 16 bit vi b chia tn s, c th thc hin chc

nng

m da vo xung clock ngoi vi ngay khi vi iu khin hot

ng ch sleep.
+ Timer2: b m 8 bit vi b chia tn s, b postcaler.
Hai b Capture/so snh/iu ch rng xung.
Cc chun giao tip ni tip SSP (Synchronous Serial Port), SPI v I2C.
Chun giao tip ni tip SART vi 9 bit a ch.

+
+

Cng giao tip song song PSP (Parallel Slave Port) vi cc chn

iu khin RD, WR, cs

bn ngoi.

Cc c tnh Analog: 8 knh chuyn i ADC 10 bit.

Bn cnh l mt vi c tnh khc ca vi iu khin nh:
+ B nh flash vi kh nng ghi xa c 100.000 ln.
+ B nh EEPROM vi kh nng ghi xa c 1.000.000 ln.
+ D liu b nh EEPROM c th lu tr trn 40 nm.
Kh nng t np chng trnh vi s iu khin ca phn mm. Np c
chng trnh ngay trn mch in ICSP (In Circuit Serial Programming) thng qua
2 chn.
Watchdog Timer vi b dao ng trong.
Chc nng bo mt m chng trnh.
Ch Sleep.
C th hot ng vi nhiu dng Oscillator khc nhau.
2.5.1.2.3. Cng xut nhp (I/O port).
Cng xut nhp (I/O port) chnh l phng tin m vi iu khin dng tng
tc vi th gii bn ngoi. S tng tc ny rt a dng v thng qua qu trnh
tng tc , chc nng ca vi iu khin c th hin mt cch r rng.
Mt cng xut nhp ca vi iu khin bao gm nhiu chn (I/O pin), ty theo
cch b tr v chc nng ca vi iu khin m s lng cng xut nhp v s lng
chn trong mi cng c th khc nhau.
Bn cnh , do vi iu khin c tch hp sn bn trong cc c tnh giao
tip ngoi vi nn bn cnh chc nng l cng xut nhp thng thng, mt s chn
xut nhp cn c thm cc chc nng khc th hin s tc ng ca cc c tnh
ngoi vi nu trn i vi th gii bn ngoi. Chc nng ca tng chn xut nhp
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B mn k thut my tnh

n mn hc H thng nhng

trong mi cng hon ton c th c xc lp v iu khin c thng qua cc

thanh ghi SFR lin quan n chn xut nhp .
Vi iu khin PIC16F877A c 5 cng xut nhp, bao gm PORTA, PORTB,
PORTC, PORTD v PORTE.
Cu trc v chc nng ca tng cng xut nhp s c cp c th trong
phn sau.
* PORTA :
PORTA(RPA) bao gm 6

I/o

pin. y l cc chn hai chiu (bidirectional

pin), ngha l c th xut v nhp c.

Chc nng I/O ny c iu khin bi thanh ghi TRISA (a ch 85h). Mun
xc lp chc nng ca mt chn trong PORTA l input, ta set bit iu khin
tng ng vi chn trong thanh ghi TRISA v ngc li, mun xc lp chc
nng ca mt chn trong PORTA l output, ta clear bit iu khin tng ng vi
chn trong thanh ghi TRISA.
Thao tc ny hon ton tng t i vi cc PORT v cc thanh ghi iu khin
tng ng TRIS (i vi PORTA l TRISA, i vi
-

PORTB l TRISB, i vi PORTC l TRISC, i vi PORTD l TRISD vi

vi PORTE l TRISE).
Cc thanh ghi SFR lin quan n PORTA bao gm: PORTA (a ch 05h) :
cha gi tr cc pin trong PORTA. TRIS A (a ch 85h): iu khin xut nhp.
CMCON (a ch 9Ch): thanh ghi iu khin b so snh. CVRCON (a ch 9Dh) :
thanh ghi iu khin b so snh in p. ADCON1 (a ch 9Fh) : thanh ghi iu
khin b ADC.
* PORTB
PORTB (RPB) gm 8 pin I/o. Thanh ghi iu khin xut nhp tng ng l
TRISB. Bn cnh mt s chn ca PORTB cn c s dng trong qu trnh
np chng trnh cho vi iu khin vi cc ch np khc nhau.
PORTB cn lin quan n ngt ngoi vi v b TimerO. PORTB cn c tch
hp chc nng in tr ko ln c iu khin bi chng trnh. Cc thanh ghi
SFR lin quan n PORTB bao gm: PORTB (a ch 06h,106h) : cha gi tr cc
pin trong PORTB TRISB (a ch 86h,186h) : iu khin xut nhp OPTTON REG
(a ch 81h,181h) : iu khin ngt ngoi vi v b TimerO.
*PORTC
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B mn k thut my tnh

n mn hc H thng nhng

PORTC (RPC) gm 8 pin I/o. Thanh ghi iu khin xut nhp tng ng l
TRISC. Bn cnh PORTC cn cha cc chn chc nng ca b so snh, b
Timerl, b PWM v cc chun giao tip ni tip I2C, SPI, SSP, USART.
Cc thanh ghi iu khin lin quan n PORTC: PORTC (a ch 07h): cha
gi tr cc pin trong PORTC TRISC (a ch 87h): iu khin xut nhp.
*PORTD
PORTD (RPD) gm 8 chn I/o, thanh ghi iu khin xut nhp tng ng l
TRISD. PORTD cn l cng xut d liu ca chun giao tip PSP (Parallel Slave
Port).
Cc thanh ghi lin quan n PORTD bao gm: Thanh ghi PORTD: cha gi tr
cc pin trong PORTD.
+

Thanh ghi TRISD : iu khin xut nhp.

Thanh ghi TRISE : iu khin xut nhp PORTE v chun giao

tip PSP.
* PORTE
PORTE (RPE) gm 3 chn I/o. Thanh ghi iu khin xut
ng l TRISE. Cc chn ca PORTE c ng vo analog.

nhp tng
Bncnh

PORTE cn l cc chn iu khin ca chun giao tip PSP.

+

Cc thanh ghi lin quan n PORTE bao gm: PORTE : cha

gi tr cc chn trong PORTE. TRISE: iu khin xut nhp v xc lp cc

thng s cho chun giao tip PSP.
+ ADCON1 : thanh ghi iu khin khi ADC.
2.5.1.2.4. Timer.
* TIMER 0.
y l mt trong ba b m hoc b nh thi ca vi iu khin PIC16F877A.
TimerO l b m 8 bit c kt ni vi b chia tn s (prescaler) 8 bit. Cu
trc ca TimerO cho php ta la chn xung clock tc ng v cnh tch cc ca
xung clock.
Ngt TimerO s xut hin khi TimerO b trn. Bit TMROIE (INTCON<5>) l
bit iu khin ca TimerO. TMR0IE=1 cho php ngt TimerO tc ng, TMR0IF=
0 khng cho php ngt TimerO tc ng.
S khi ca TimerO nh sau.

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B mn k thut my tnh

n mn hc H thng nhng

Hnh 2.17. S khi ca timerO.

Mun

TimerO

hot

ng

ch

Timer

ta

clear

bit

TOSC

(OPTION_REG<5>), khi gi tr thanh ghi TMRO s tng theo tng chu k xung
ng h (tn s vo TimerO bng % tan so oscillator). Khi gi tr thanh ghi TMRO
t FFh tr v OOh, ngt TimerO s xut hin.
Thanh ghi TMRO cho php ghi v xa c gip ta n nh thi im ngt
TimerO xut hin mt cch linh ng.
Mun

TimerO

hot

ng

ch

counter

ta

set

bit

TOSC

(OPTION_REG<5>). Khi xung tc ng ln b m c ly t' chn

RA4/T0CK1. Bit TOSE (OPTION_REG<4>) cho php la chn cnh tc ng vo
bt m. Cnh tc ng s l cnh ln nu TC)SE=0 v cnh tc ng s l cnh
xung nu TOSE=l.
Khi thanh ghi TMRO b trn, bit TMR0IF (INTCON<2>) s c set. y
chnh l c ngt ca TimerO. C ngt ny phi c xa bng chng trnh trc
khi b m bt u thc hin li qu trnh m. Ngt TimerO khng th nh
thc vi iu khin t' ch sleep. B chia tn s (prescaler) c chia s gia
TimerO v WDT (Watchdog Timer). iu c ngha l nu prescaler c s
dng cho TimerO th WDT s khng c c h tr ca prescaler v ngc li.
Prescaler

iu

khin

bi

thanh

ghi

OPTION

REG.

Bit

PSA

(OPTION_REG<3>) xc nh i tng tc ng ca prescaler. Cc bit PS2:PS0

(OPTTON_REG<2:0>) xc nh t s chia tn s ca prescaler. Xem li thanh ghi
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B mn k thut my tnh

n mn hc H thng nhng

OPTION REG xc nh li mt cch chi tit v cc bit iu khin trn. Cc lnh

tc ng ln gi tr thanh ghi TMRO s xa ch hot ng ca prescaler.
Khi i tng tc ng l TimerO, tc ng ln gi tr thanh ghi TMRO s xa
prescaler nhng khng lm thay i i tng tc ng ca prescaler.
Khi i tng tc ng l WDT, lnh CLRWDT s xa prescaler, ng thi
prescaler s ngng tc v h tr cho WDT. Cc thanh ghi iu khin lin quan n
TimerO bao gm: TMRO (a ch Olh, lOlh): cha gi tr m ca TimerO.
INTCON (a ch OBh, 8Bh, lOBh, 18Bh): cho php ngt hot ng (GIE v
PEIE). OPTION REG (a ch 81h, 181h): iu khin prescaler.
*TIMER 1.
Timerl l b nh thi 16 bit, gi tr ca Timerl s c lu trong hai thanh ghi
(TMR1H:TMR1L). C' ngt ca Timer 1 l bit TMR1IF (PIR1<0>). Bit iu khin
ca Timerl s l TMR1IE (PIE<0>).
Tng t nh TimerO, Timerl cng c hai ch hot ng: ch nh thi
(timer) vi xung kch l xung clock ca oscillator (tn s ca timer bng Va tn s
ca oscillator) v ch m (counter) vi xung kch l xung phn nh cc s kin
cn m ly t bn ngoi thng qua chn RCO/TIOSO/TICKI (cnh tc ng l
cnh ln).

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B mn k thut my tnh

n mn hc H thng nhng

Vic la chn xung tc ng (tng ng vi vic la chn ch hot ng l

timer hay counter) c iu khin bi bit TMR1CS (T1C0N<1>).
So' khi ca Timerl:
Set lag bi!
TMR1IF on
Ove- tr
rfow

Synchronized
TMRt

Clock npui

TMR1L
TMR10N

On/Off

.- : TSC :

RComosomcK)
<
1

Rciniosuocra*

/V TJOSC

T10SCEN
J . Oscilla:
I3!

FoscM
1 Internal
Oscillator1' Clock

I
.

T1SYNC

H^rescatef
1,2 4, 8

T"

Synohron

I
Q Clock

riCKPSITICKPSO

Note I: 'A'f-n the TIOSCEK b t is clej'd. :he inverer Is turned off "his e ni nates TMR1CS
power drain

Hnh 2.18. S khi ca Timer 1.

Ngoi ra Timer 1 cn c chc nng reset input bn trong c iu khin bi
mt trong hai khi CCP (Capture/Compare/PWM). Khi bit TIOSCEN T1C0N<3>)
c set, Timerl s ly xung clock t' hai chn C1/T10SI/CCP2 v
RCO/TIOSO/TICKI lm xung m. Timerl s bt u m sau cnh xung u tin
ca xung ng vo. Khi PORTC s b qua s tc ng ca hai bit TRISC<1:0> v
P0RTC<2:1> c gn gi tr 0. Khi clear bit TIOSCEN Timerl s ly xung m t
oscillator hoc t chn RCO/TIOSO/TICKI. Timer 1 c hai ch m l ng b
(Synchronous) v bt ng b (Asynchronous). Ch m c quyt nh bi bit
iu khin (T1C0N<2>). Khi =1 xung m ly t' bn ngoi s khng c ng b
ha vi xung clock bn trong, Timerl s tip tc qu trnh m khi vi iu khin
ang ch sleep v ngt do Timerl to ra khi b trn c kh nng nh thc vi
iu khin. ch m bt ng b, Timerl khng th c s dng lm
ngun xung clock cho khi CCP (Capture/Compare/Pulse width modulation). Khi =
0 xung m vo Timerl s c ng b ha vi xung clock bn trong. ch
ny Timerl s khng hot ng khi vi iu khin ang ch sleep. Cc thanh ghi
lin quan n Timerl bao gm: INTCON (a ch OBh, 8Bh, lOBh, 18Bh): cho php
ngt hot ng (GIE v PEIE). PIR1 (a ch OCh): cha c ngt Timer 1
(TMR1IF). PIE 1 ( a ch 8Ch): cho php ngt Timerl(TMRlIE). TMR1L

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B mn k thut my tnh

n mn hc H thng nhng

(a ch OEh): cha gi tr 8 bit thp ca b m Timer 1. TMR1H (a ch OEh):

cha gi tr 8 bit cao ca b m Timer 1. TI CON (a ch 1 Oh): xc lp cc thng
s cho Timerl.
*TIMER2.
Timer2 l b nh thi 8 bit v c h tr bi hai b chia tn s prescaler va
postscaler. Thanh ghi cha gi tr m ca Timer2 l TMR2. Bit cho php ngt
Timer2 tc ng l TMR20N (T2CON<2>). C ngt ca Timer2 l bit TMR2IF
(PIR1<1>). Xung ng vo (tn s bng Va tn s oscillator) c a qua b chia tn
s prescaler 4 bit (vi cc t s chia tn s l 1:1, 1:4 hoc 1:16 v c iu khin
bi cc bit T2CKPS1 :T2CKPS0 (T2CON<1:0>)).
S khi timer2

T20UTPS3:
T2UTPS
Note 1: TMR2 register output can be software selected by the SSP
module as a baud clock.

Hnh 2.19. S khi timer2 Timer2 cn c h tr bi

thanh ghi PR2. Gi tr m trong thanh ghi TMR2 s tng t OOh n gi tr
cha trong thanh ghi PR2, sau c reset v OOh. Kh I reset thanh ghi PR2
c nhn gi tr mc nh FFh. Ng ra ca Timer2 c a qua b chia tn s
postscaler vi cc mc chia t 1:1 n 1:16. Postscaler c iu khin bi 4 bit
T2OUTPS3:T2OUTPS0. Ng ra ca postscaler ng vai tr quyt nh trong vic
iu khin c ngt. Ngoi ra ng ra ca Timer2 cn c kt ni vi khi SSP, do
Timer2 cn ng vai tr to ra xung clock ng b cho khi giao tip SSP.
Cc thanh ghi lin quan n Timer2 bao gm:
INTCON (a ch OBh, 8Bh, lOBh, 18Bh): cho php ton b cc ngt (GIE v
PEIE). PIR1 (a ch OCh): cha c ngt Timer2 (TMR2IF). PIE1 (a ch 8Ch):
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B mn k thut my tnh

n mn hc H thng nhng

cha bit iu khin Timer2 (TMR2IE). TMR2 (a ch llh): cha gi tr m ca

Timer2. T2CON (a ch 12h): xc lp cc thng s cho Timer2. PR2 (a ch
92h): thanh ghi h tr cho Timer2.
TimerO v Timer2 l b m 8 bit (gi tr m ti a l FFh), trong khi Timerl
l b m 16 bit (gi tr m ti a l FFFFh). TimerO, Timerl v Timer2 u c
hai ch hot ng l timer v counter. Xung clock c tn s bng Va tn s ca
oscillator. Xung tc ng ln TimerO c h tr bi prescaler v c th c
thit lp nhiu ch khc nhau (tn s tc ng, cnh tc ng) trong khi cc
thng s ca xung tc ng ln Timerl l c nh. Timer2 c h tr bi hai b
chia tn s prescaler v postcaler c lp, tuy nhin cnh tc ng vn c c
nh l cnh ln. Timer 1 c quan h vi khi CCP, trong khi Timer2 c kt
ni vi khi SSP.
2.5.2 LED 7 on
Dng led:
---

d
f

Hnh 2.20. Dng led 7 thanh

LED Anode chung:
COM

Hnh 2.21. S cu to ca ed 7 thanh i vi dng Led

Anode chung ,chn com phi c mc 1 v mun sng Led th tng ng cc chn af,dp s mc logic 0.

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B mn k thut my tnh
n mn hc H thng nhng
Bng m cho Led Anode chung :
S dp f e d c b a
M hex
0
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
OCOH
1
1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1
0F9H
2
1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
0A4H
3
1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
OBOH
4
1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1
99H
5
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
92H
6
1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
82H
7
1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
0F8H
8
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
80H
9
1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
90H
Hnh 2.22. Bng m ed 7 on Anode chung
2.5.3 Diot pht quang (LED).

Hnh 2.23. Ledpht quang Hot ng ca led ging

nh iot bn dn phn cc thun cho led mi c th sng c.

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B mn k thut my tnh

n mn hc H thng nhng

2.5.4 Tranzitor C1815 (tranzitor nghch).

Tranzistor Cl 815 v s chn

Hnh 2.24.
2.5.5 in

tr.

S
nh

dng
sau:

2.5.6 T

in tr c cc gi tr
220Q,10K ,1K.

in.
Emitter -

Base

Collector

ha:

+ 33pF cho mch dao ng.

+

104 cho mch ngun.

T 1 chiu: 10|iF cho mch n p ngun v phm bm (reset v t thi

gian).
2.5.7 Thch anh .
20Mhz to giao ng cho vi iu khin.
2.5.8 Nt bm (Button):
S dng loi c 1 cp tip im thng m.
2.5.9 IC n p 7805.

TO220

OUTPUT

INPJT -

GROUND

Hnh 2.25. S chn ca IC 7805 in p vo

t 7-12V DC c ni vo chn 1 (INPUT).

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B mn k thut my tnh
n mn hc H thng nhng
in p ra 5V DC c ly t chn 3 (OUTPUT).
Chn 2 l chn chung ni m.

Chong 3. Xy dng h thng.

3.1 Chng trnh iu khin.

/*. ----------------- CHUONG TRINH DIEU KHIENDEN GIAO THONG
l.PHMQUANG LAN
2. TRAN DANH LONG
3.
NGUYEN
TUAN NINH
LOP
:
K43DDKHP.43S
GVHD
:
NGUYEN VN HUY
NGA Y THUC HI EN: 5/201
*/
#include <16F877A.h>
#fuses NOWDT,PUT,XT,NOPROTECT
#use delay(clock=20000000) //su dung thach anh tan so 20MHz int8
count,time, 11,12,,t2,t3,tl,d;
//Ma led 7 thanh
unsigned char
LED[10]={0xC0,0xF9,0xA4,0xB0,0x99,0x92,0x82,0xF8,0x80,0x90};
unsigned char den[6]= {0x81,0x82,0x84,0x18,0x28,0x48};
//Chuong trinh ngat TMER0 theo chu hi Is giam thoi gan xuong I don vi
#int_timerO void timerOO {
set_timer0(0); /thoi gian dinh thi T = 256/5*(256 - 0)*10A-6 =
0.0131072s
++count;
if(count == 76) // 76*0.0131072s = 0.9961472s = Is
{
count=0;
time;if(time==-1) time=t3;
}
NHOMTHUCHIEN :

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B mn k thut my tnh

n mn hc H thng nhng

//Chuong trinh hien thi thoi gian dem nguoc tren led 7 thanh
void led7()
{ if(time>tl)
{
11 =((time-t 1 -1)/ 1) % 10;
// Lay so hang don vi
12=((time-t 1 -1)/ 10) % 10;
// Lay so hang chuc
}
elsej
11 =(time/ 1) % 10;
// Lay so hang don vi
12=(time/ 10) % 10;
//Lay so hang chuc
}
output_d(LED[12]);
output_high(pin_c0);delay_us(0.001); // bat led 1 hien thi hang don vi
outputlow(pincO);
output_d(LED[ll ]);
output_high(pin_cl);delay_us(0.001); //bat led2 hien thi hang chuc
output_low(pin_cl);
}
void hienthi()
{ while(l){
output_b(den[d]); led7();
if(time<=t3&&time>=t3-t2)
d=0; //re trai nhanh 1 do nhanh 2 d=l;
if(time<t3-t2&&time>tl
+4)
// di thang nhanh 1 do nhanh 2 d=2; //
if(time<=tl+4&&time>tl)
vang nhanh do nhanh 2 d=3; //re trai
if(time<=tl&&time>=tl
-t2)
nhanh 2 do nhanh d=4; // di thang
if(time<tl
-t2&&time>3)
nhanh 2 do nhanh 1 d=5; // vang
if(time<=3)
nhanh 2 do nhanh 1
}
}
// hien thi thoi gian thiet lap
void set(int8 tg)
{11 =(tg/ 1) % 10;
//Lay so hang don vi
12=(tg/ 10) % 10;
//Lay so hang chuc
for(i=0;i<10;i++){ output_d(LED [12]);
output_high(pin_c0);delay_ms(50); outputlow(pincO);
output_d(LED[ll]); output_high(pin_cl);delay_ms(50);
output_low(pin_cl);
}

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B mn k thut my tnh

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void main()
{
int8
t=0,j=0,kt=0;
set_tris_c(0x00);
set_tris_b(0x00);
settrise(Oxff);
outputb(OxOO);
outputc(OxOO); while(l) //thet lap thoi gian cho he thong
{
I
f(input(pin_e0)==0){t++;set(l 0*t+j);kt=l;}
//nhap so giay hang chuc
if(input(pin_el)==0){j++;set(l 0*t+j);kt=l;}

// nhap so giay hang don vi

if(input(pin_e2)==0) break;
//chay chung trinh
}
if(kt==l) {
tl=10*t+j; t2=tl/3; t3=2*tl+l;} //chu ki den a 2*tl else {
II 30; t2=10; t3=61;} time=t3;
// cho phep ngat tmerO
enableinterrupts(inttimerO);
// cai dat timer voi bo chi tan la 256 setup
Jimer_0(RTCC_INTERNAL|RTCC_DIV_256);
// cho phep ngat toan cuc
enable_interrupts(global); hienthi();
>

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B mn k thut my tnh

n mn hc H thng nhng

3.2. S mch in (layout)

Dng phn mm orcad 10.5 v mch v thit k mch in ta c cc s
mch in sau
3.2.1. Mch iu khin trung tm.

Hnh 3.7. S mch in mch iu khin

3.2.2. Mch bn phm.

Hnh 3.8. S mch in khi bn phm

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B mn k thut my tnh

n mn hc H thng nhng

Chng 4 Mch chy m phng.

Tt c cc phn ca chng ny c ghi trong a np km vi thuyt
minh n.

Kt lun

Sau mt thi gian n lc khng ngng trong hc tp cng nh c s

nhit tnh ch bo ca thy Th.S.Nguyn Vn Huy cng nh cc thy gio b
mn, nhm chng em hon thnh c ti: Thit k v m phng h
thong iu khin n giao thng cho ng t Trong qu trnh thc hin ti em
c kt c rt nhiu kinh nghim qu bu cho bn thn phc v cho
chng em trong qu trnh hc tp sau ny.
e ti ca chng em c nhng u nhc im nh sau:
> u im
Ta c th p dng mch ny vo thc t mt cch d dng v thay i
c thi gian hot ng ca cc n ph hp hn vi tnh hnh giao thng
ca tng ni
Cc chc nng iu khin bng tay hot ng c.
Vic thit k mch n gin v tn t chi ph.
> Khuyt im
Mch thit k cha ti u.
Cha chnh xc so vi thi gian thc
Vi nhng kt qu t c nh trn, h thng rt hu ch cho cc bn
sinh vin trong vic thc hnh trn m hnh thc t trin khai bng ngn ng
c, cng nh qua nm bt c h thng cnh bo v iu khin giao thng.

Hng pht trin

Mi cht giao thng c lp thm cm bin tc , cm bin c tnh
c mt giao thng v tc ca cc phng tin giao thng, camera
quan st tnh trng giao thng ri qua s c s iu khin giao thng thch
hp.
Tt c cc cht giao thng c kt ni v mt trm trung tm thng qua
mng Internet, WiFi hoc Wimax. Xy dng h thng c s d liu v iu
khin trung tm t my tnh c th kt ni cc im giao thng vi nhau
cp nht d liu a ra cc quyt nh x l t trung tm.
p dng thi gian thc vo h thng c th pht trin h thong a ra
cc gi; Cao im, thp im, bnh thng v cc chin lc cho h thng.
Trong ngy c nhiu khong thi gian (Cc b iu khin hin nay thng
chn 10 khong), mi khong c chin lc ring. V d: Ban m, nhp nhy
n vng 2 s: Bui sng sm c 1 chin lc, lc cao im c mt chin lc.

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B mn k thut my tnh

n mn hc H thng nhng

Trong mt tun, c 7 ngy c th c 7 tp hp cc chin lc khc nhau. V d: u

tun, ngi i vo thnh ph nhiu, cui tun ... Mt
nm c 52 tun, c th khc nhau theo thng k. V d: Ma h xe chy
nhiu hn ma ng.
Xy dng h thng thnh mt sn phm hon thin c th p dng c
cho tt c cc cht giao thng.
Cui cng em xin mt ln na gi li cm n chn thnh n thy
Th.S.Nguyn Vn Huy cng nh cc thy gio b mn gip chng em rt
nhiu trong qu trnh thc hin ti, chng em xin chn thnh cm n!

Ti liu tham kho:

1. Gio trnh H thong nhng- B mn k thut my tnh- Trng i hc k

thut cng nghip- HTN.
2. http://www. picvietnam.com/forum/
3. http://www.dientuvietnam.net/forums/
4. http://www. alldatasheet, com/
5. Hng dn s dng Orcad c bn - Phm Thi Ha - i hc Bch
Khoa H Ni, 2008
6. Gio trnh K thut in t tng t - B mn k thut in t Trng i hc K thut cng nghip - HTN

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