Khi 2 Ca Nam - TP Vinh Cng thc tnh t hp

Cc chuyn luyn thi H Shared by Change24h.net

CC DNG BI TON V CHT BO
Loi 1: Cch tnh mono i tri este trong cht bo
Phng php
Dng 1: Tnh s loi Tri este
Khi cho glixerol + n (n Z
*
) axit bo th s loi trieste to ra c tnh theo cng thc:
Loi trieste Cng thc (s loi trieste)
Trieste cha 1 gc axit ging nhau = n
Trieste cha 2 gc axit khc nhau = 4.C
n
2
Trieste cha 3 gc axit khc nhau = 3.C
n
3
Cng thc chung tng s trieste = n + 4.C
n
2
+ 3.C
n
3
(n 3)
Vi n=1 s trieste = 1
Vi n=2 s trieste = 2 + 4.C
2
2

Vi n=3 s trieste = 3 + 4.C
3
2
+ 3.C
3
3

Vi n4 s trieste = n + 4.C
n
2
+ 3.C
n
3

Dng 2: Tnh s loi mono este, i - este
Khi cho glixerol + n axit bo th s loi mono este v i este to ra c tnh theo cng thc:
Loi este Cng thc (s loi)
Mono este = 2n
i este Cng thc (s loi)

- i este cha 1 loi gc axit = 2n
- i este cha 2 loi gc axit khc nhau = 3.C
n
2
(n 2)
Tng = 2n + 2n + 3.C
n
2
Bi tp
Cu 1: Cho glixerol phn ng vi hn hp axit bo gm C
17
H
35
COOH v C
15
H
31
COOH, s loi trieste c
to ra ti a l bao nhiu? (S: 6)
Cu 2: Cho glixerin tc dng vi hn hp 3 axit bo gm C
17
H
35
COOH, C
17
H
31
COOH, C
17
H
33
COOH th to
ra bao nhiu loi cht bo? (S: 18)
Cu 3: Cho glixerin tc dng vi hn hp 3 axit bo gm C
17
H
35
COOH, C
17
H
31
COOH, C
17
H
33
COOH th to
ra bao nhiu sn phm este? (S: 39)
Cu 4: Cho glixerol phn ng vi hn hp axit bo gm C
17
H
35
COOH v C
15
H
31
COOH, s loi mono i
tri este v tng s este thu c l bao nhiu?
Loi 2: Tnh ch s axit este x phng ha v ch s iot
Phng php
1. Ch s axit bo l s mg KOH cn thit trung ha ht lng axit bo t do c trong1 gam cht bo.
hoc c th:
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Cc chuyn luyn thi H Shared by Change24h.net
2. Ch s iot l s gam iot phn ng ht vi s lin kt C = C c trong 100 gam cht bo.

- Tnh s lin kt trong gc axit: C
x
H
y
th
- Nu tnh trong 3 nhm (C
x
H
y
COO)
3
= S mol iot = s . n
cht bo

3. Ch s x phng l tng lng mg KOH cn trung ha ht axit t do v x phng ha ht lng este
trong 1gam cht bo.
4. Ch s este l s mg KOH cn thit x phng ha ht lng este c trong1 gam cht bo

Bi tp
Cu 1: trung ha lng axit bo t do c trong 14 gam mt mu cht bo cn 15ml dung dch KOH 0,1M.
Ch s axit ca mu cht bo trn l bao nhiu? (S: 6)
Cu 2: Khi x phng ha 1,26 gam mt cht bo cn 45ml dung dch KOH 0,1M. xc nh ch s x phng
ca cht bo ? (S: 200)
Cu 3: Tng s miligam KOH trung ha ht lng axit t do v x phng ha ht lng este trong 1 gam
cht bo gi l ch s x phng ha cu cht bo. Tnh ch s x phng ha ca mi cht bo c ch s axit l 7
cha tristearoylglixerol cn ln mt lng axits stearic. (S: 189)
Cu 4: Tnh ch s iot cht bo glixerin oleat? (S: 86,2)
Loi 3: Bi ton v phn ng x phng ha cht bo
Bi tp
Cu 1: Thy phn hon ton 444 gam mt lipit thu c 46 gam glixerol v hai loi axit bo. Xc nh 2 loi
axit bo . (S: C
17
H
33
COOH v C
17
H
35
COOH)
Cu 2: X phng ha hon ton 17,24 gam cht bo cn va 0,06 mol NaOH. C cn dung dch sau phn
ng thu c khi lng x phng l bao nhiu? (S: 17,8 gam)
Cu 3: X phng ha hon ton 66 gam lipit cn dng 12 gam NaOH. Khi lng x phng thu c l bao
nhiu? (S: 68,8 gam)
Cu 4: X phng ha hon ton 8,6 gam cht bo bng 1,2 gam NaOH v thu c 0,92 gam glyxerol v cc
axit bo. Khi lng phn t trung bnh ca axit bo l bao nhiu? (S: 274 vC)
Cu 5 : Thy phn hon ton 8,06kg cht bo trung tnh cn va 1,2 kg NaOH. Khi lng glixerin v
mui to thnh ln lt l bao nhiu? (S: 920gam, 8,34kg)