TCVN 3121 2003

1
TCVN TIU CHUN VIT NAM

TCVN 3121-1 : 2003; TCVN 3121-2 : 2003;
TCVN 3121-3 : 2003; TCVN 3121-6 : 2003;
TCVN 3121-8 : 2003; TCVN 3121-9 : 2003;
TCVN 3121-10 : 2003; TCVN 3121-11 : 2003;
TCVN 3121-12 : 2003; TCVN 3121-17 : 2003;
TCVN 3121-18 : 2003

Sot xt ln 1

VA XY DNG PHNG PHP TH
Mortar for masonry Test methods

H Ni 2003

http://www.tieuchuanonline.net
2
Li ni u
TCVN 3121 : 2003 thay th TCVN 3121 79
TCVN 3121 : 2003 cc phn 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 27 v 18 c xy dng trn c s cc phn
tng ng ca EN 1015 : 2000
TCVN 3121 : 2003 do Tiu ban k thut tiu chun TCVN/TC 71/SC3 Sn phm b tng hon thin
trn c s d tho ca Vin Khoa hc cng ngh Vt liu xy dng. B Xy dng ngh, Tng cc
Tiu chun o lng Cht lng xt duyt. B Khoa hc v Cng ngh ban hnh.
3
Mc lc
Trang
TCVN 3121-1 : 2003 Va Xy dng Phng php th
Phn 1: Xc nh kch thc ht ct liu ln nht..4
Phn 2: Ly mu v chun b mu th.6
Phn 3: Xc nh lu ng ca va ti (phng php bn dn)..9
Phn 6: Xc nh khi lng th tch va ti12
Phn 8: Xc nh kh nng gi lu ng ca va ti..14
Phn 9: Xc nh thi gian bt u ng kt ca va ti.17
Phn 10: Xc nh khi lng th tch mu ca ng rn..20
Phn 11: Xc nh cng un v nn ca va ng rn22
Phn 12: Xc nh cng bm dnh ca va ng rn trn nn27
Phn 17: Xc nh hm lng ion clo ho tan trong nc.30
Phn 18: Xc nh ht nc mu va ng rn34

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TIU CHUN VIT NAM TCVN 3121-1:2003

Va xy dng Phng php th
Phn 1: Xc nh kch thc ht ct liu ln nht
Part 1: Determination of maximum particle size of aggregate

1. Phm vi p dng
Tiu chun ny qui nh phng php sng xc nh kch thc c ht ct liu ln nht ca va
ti v va kh trn sn.
2 Tiu chun vin dn
TCVN 342: 1986 Ct xy dng Phng php xc nh thnh phn ht v m un ln.
TCVN 3121-1 : 2003 Va xy dng Phng php th. Phn 2: Ly mu v chun b mu th.
3. Nguyn tc
Xc nh lng st tch lu trn b sng tiu chun. Kch thc c ht ct liu ln nht tng ng kch
thc ca l sng tiu chun m lng st tch lu trn sng khng ln hn 10%.
4. Thit b v dng c th
- B sng tiu chun c kch thc l sng 10mm; 5mm; 2,5mm; 1,25mm; 0,63mm; 0,315mm,
0,14mm (TCVN 342 : 1986) v sng c kch thc l 0,08mm;
- Cn k thut c chnh xc n 1 gam;
- T sy in c b phn iu chnh v n nh nhit 105
0
C + 5
0
C v 60
0
C + 5
0
C.
5 Cch tin hnh
Cn 1000 g, chnh xc n 1 gam, mu chun b theo TCVN 3121-2 : 2003. Va ti c sng
t, va kh c sng kh trn b sng c kch thc l 10mm; 5mm; 2,5mm; 1,25mm; 0,63mm;
0,315mm; 0,14mm v 0,08 mm. Sy kh lng st trn mi sng nhit 105
0
C+ 5
0
C (i vi va
c cht kt dnh v c) hoc 60
0
C + 5
0
C (i vi va c cht kt dnh hu c) n khi lng khng
i. ct liu ngui n nhit phng th nghim v cn khi lng cn li trn mi sng, chnh
xc n 1 gam.
6 Tnh kt qu
6.1 Lng st ring trn mi sng th i (a
i
), tnh bng %, theo cng thc:
a
i
= 100
m
m
i

TCVN 3121-1:2003
5

trong :
m
i
l khi lng phn cn li trn sng th i, tnh bng gam;
m l khi lng st tch lu trn sng 0,08mm, tnh bng gam.
6.2 Lng st tch lu trn sng th i (A
i
A
i
= a
5
+ a
2,5
+ a
i

trong : a
5
; a
2,5
;a
i
l lng st ring trn cc sng 5; 2,5; sng th i, tnh bng %.
6.3 Kch thc ht ct liu ln nht bng kch thc l sng m lng st tch ly trn sng khng
ln hn 10%. Kt qu l gi tr trung bnh cng ca 2 mu th, chnh xc n 0,1%. Nu kt qu gia
hai ln th sai lch ln hn 2% th tin hnh th li trn mu lu.
7 Bo co th nghim
Bo co th nghim bao gm cc thng tin sau:
- thi gian th nghim;
- loi va tin hnh th;
- phng php sng (kh, t)
- t l phn trm khi lng, chnh xc n 1%, trn mi sng;
- kt qu th;
- s hiu tiu chun ny;
- cc ch khc nu c.

6

Phn 2: Ly mu v chun b mu th
Part 2: Sampling and preparation of sample

1. Phm vi p dng
Tiu chun ny qui nh phng php ly mu v chun b mu va ti v va kh trn sn.
2 nh ngha
Cc thut ng s dng trong tiu chun ny c nh ngha nh sau:
2.1 L (lot): Lng va c sn xut trong iu kin c coi l ng nht. Sau khi th nghim,
lng va ny c nh gi l ph hp hay khng ph hp.
2.2 Mu n (increment): Lng va c ly bng mi thao tc c s dng thit b ly mu.
2.3 Mu cc b (spot sample): Mu c ly ti mt thi im v t mt v tr. Mu cc b c th c
to nn t cc mu n lin tip.
2.4 Mu gp (bulk sample): Tp hp ca cc mu n nhm i din cho l ly mu.
2.5 Mu th (test sample): Mu rt gn t mu gp dng cho cc php th nghim.
3 Thit b, dng c
- mi, tha xc bng thp hoc nha cng, dung tch khng nh hn 1 lt;
- mt s thng cha kh, sch c np y kn
- bay v dao n;
- xng;
- cn k thut, chnh xc n 1gam;
- my trn (nu c).
4 Ly mu
4.1 Ly mu ti hin trng
4.1.1 Va ti

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a) Va ti sn xut trm trn: Dng dng c thch hp iu 3, ly 3 mu cc b lc bt u,
gia v cui ca qu trnh va ra khi thng trn.
b) Va ti trn phng tin vn chuyn: Dng dng c thch hp iu 3, ly 3 mu cc b 3 v tr
c su khc nhau trn phng tin vn chuyn.
c) Va ti trn ti cng trng. Dng dng c thch hp iu 3, ly 3 mu cc b 3 v tr khc
nhau trong 1 m trn.
4.1.2 Va kh trn sn
Dng dng c thch hp iu 3, ly 3 mu cc b 3 bao cha khc nhau sao cho mu i din cho
ton b l.
4.2 Mu gp
Khi lng cc mu n c ly sao cho mu gp t cc mu n c th tch/khi lng khng
nh hn 20 lt (vi va ti) hoc 15kg (vi va kh).
Cc mu gp t va kh trn sn c cha trong bao cch m, cc mu gp t va ti c ng
trong cc vt cha khng thm nc c lau kh. Cc vt cha m bo c y hoc buc kn.
Cc mu va ngay sau khi ly ti cng trng c a v phng th nghim th cc ch tiu cn
kim tra.
5 Chun b mu th
5.1 Va ti
Mu gp va ti phi c trn li khong 30 giy trong cho lau bng khn m. Rt gn mu
theo phng php chia t sao cho khi lng mu th mi tiu phi ln hn 1,5 ln lng va cn
thit cho th nghim tng ch tiu.
5.2 Va kh trn sn
Mu gp va kh c nho trn vi nc sao cho va ti t gi tr lu ng ( do) theo quy
nh bng 1. Vic trn va c thc hin bng my hoc bng tay, ton b thi gian trn khong 3
pht.
Bng 1 Gi tr lu ng tng ng cc loi va
lu ng, mm
va hon thin Loi va va xy
th mn
- Va thng
- Va nh
165-195
145-175
175-205
155-185
175-205
155-185
5.3 Vt liu kim tra thnh phn cp phi c ly theo iu 4.1.2 phi trong cc vt cha ring
r, cht kt dnh phi c cha trong cc bao cch m hoc bnh y kn. chun b va ti trong
phng th nghim, cc vt liu phi c cn chnh xc n 1 gam. Cc vt liu sau khi cn c trn
8
kh n khi ng nht, sau cho nc vo v trn t 3 pht na. iu chnh lng nc trn sao
cho va ti t lu ng theo quy nh bng 1.
6 Bao gi, ghi nhn mu th
Mu th phi c cha trong cc thng kn, c nhn nhn bit vi cc thng tin sau:
- tn v a ch ca t chc/c nhn ly mu;
- tn v a ch khc hng;
- a im, thi gian v cch to mu gp;
- phng php v thi gian trn (tay/my);
- du nhn bit trn thng cha mu;
- s hiu ca tiu chun ny;
- cc du hiu khc nu cn.

9


Phn 3: Xc nh lu ng ca va ti (phng php bn dn)
Part 3: Determination of consistence of fresh mortar (by flow table)

1. Phm vi p dng
Tiu chun ny qui nh phng php xc nh lu ng ca va ti theo phng php bn dn.
2 Tiu chun vin dn
TCVN 3121-2 : 2003 Va xy dng Phng php th Phn 2: Ly mu v chun b mu th.
3 Nguyn tc
Xc nh ng knh mu va sau khi dn trn bn dn theo quy nh.
4 Thit b v dng c th
- cn k thut c chnh xc ti 1 gam;
- thc kp c chnh xc ti 0,1mm;
- bay, cho trn mu;
- bn dn vi cc chi tit c m t trn hnh 1: Khi lng phn ng ca bn dn l 3250g + 100g.
Phn ng c c cu iu chnh c kh nng nng ln, h xung theo phng thng ng l 10mm
+ 5mm;
- khu hnh cn, ng knh trong ca y ln l 100mm + 0,5mm, ca y nh l 70mm + 0,5mm,
chiu cao khu l 60mm + 0,5mm, chiu dy thnh cn khng nh hn 2mm.

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Hnh 1 S cu to bn dn
5 Cch tin hnh
Trc khi th, lau sch mt tm knh, cn, chy bng vi m. t khu hnh cn vo gia bn dn. Ly
khong 1 lt mu va ti (TCVN 3121-2 : 2003) cho vo khu thnh hai lp, mi lp m khong 10
ci sao cho va y kn v ng nht trong khu. Khi m, dng tay gi cht khu trn mt bn dn.
Dng dao gt phng va tha trn mt khu, lau sch nc v va trn mt knh xung quanh khu.
T t nhc ln theo phng thng ng v cho my dn 15 ci trong vng 15 giy. Dng thc kp
o ng knh y ca khi va chy theo 2 chiu vung gc, chnh xc ti 1mm.
Kt qu th l trung bnh cng ca 2 kt qu o.
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6 Biu th kt qu
lu ng ca mu va l kt qu trungbnh cng ca 2 ln th, chnh xc n 1mm. Nu mt trong
2 gi tr o sai lch ln hn 10% so vi gi tr trung bnh th phi tin hnh li php th t mu lu.
7 Bo co th nghim
- a im, thi gian, ngi ly v chun b mu;
- loi va;
- phng php ly v chun b mu;
- kt qu th, ly chnh xc n 1mm;
- ngy, v ngi th mu;
-s hiu ca tiu chun ny;
- cc ch khc trong qu trnh th.

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Phn 6: Xc nh khi lng th tch va ti

Part 3: Determination of bulk density of fresh mortar

1. Phm vi p dng
Tiu chun ny qui nh phng php xc nh khi lng th tch ca va ti.
2. Tiu chun vin dn
TCVN 3121-2: 2003 Va xy dng Png php th Phn 2: Ly mu v chun b mu th.
TCVN 3121-3: 2003 Va xy dng Phng php th Phn 3: Xc nh lu ng.
3. Nguyn tc
Xc nh t s gia khi lng v th tch xc nh ca mu va ti.
4. Dng c th
Cn k thut c chnh xc ti 1 gam.
Bnh ong bng kim loi khng g, c th tch 1 lt, ng knh trong bng 113 mm.
5. Cch tin hnh
Ly khong 1,5 lt mu va ti c chun b theo TCVN 3121-2: 2003. Cn bnh ong c
lm kh, c khi lng m
1
. mu va ti khong 1/2 chiu cao bnh ong, nghing bnh v p
10 ci xung nn vng chc. Tip tc y va ti ming bnh v p tip 5 ci na sao cho va lp
kn cc khong trng trong bnh ong. Cho thm va vo v gt va tha ngang ming bnh. Dng vi
lau sch va dnh xung quanh bnh. Cn bnh c va, c khi lng m
2
.
6. Biu th kt qu
Khi lng th tch ca va ti (p
v
), tnh bng kg/m
3
, theo cng thc sau:
p
v
=
V
m m
1 2

Trong :
m
1
l khi lng ca bnh, tnh bng kilgam;
m
2
l khi lng ca bnh c va, tnh bng kilgam;
V l th tch bnh ong, tnh bng mt khi, V = 0,001 m
3
.

13
Kt qu th l gi tr trung bnh cng ca 2 php o, ly chnh cc n 10 kg/m
3
. Nu gi tr ca hai
ln th chnh lch ln hn 10% so vi gi tr trung bnh th phi tin hnh th li trn mu lu.
7. Bo co th nghim
Bo co th nghim phi bao gm cc thng tin sau:
- Loi va;
- Phng php ly v chun b mu va;
- Gi tr lu ng khi chun b mu va theo TCVN 3121-2: 2003;
- Kt qu th, ly chnh xc n 10kg/m
3
;
- Ngy th mu;
- S hiu ca tiu chun ny;
- Cc ch trong qu trnh th;

14


Va xy dng phng php th
Phn 8: Xc nh kh nng gi lu ng ca va ti

Part 8: Determination of consistency retentivity
1. Phm vi p dng
Tiu chun ny quy nh phng php xc nh kh nng gi lu ng ca va ti.
2. Tiu chun vit dn
TCVN 3121-2: 2003 Va xy dng Png php th Phn 2: Ly mu v chun b mu th.
3. Nguyn tc
Xc nh t l phn trm lu ng ca mu va ti trc v sau khi ht chn khng iu kin
quy nh.
- My ht chn khng, ng h o p lc chn khng, bnh cha 1 lt c miu t trn hnh 1. Cc
ph kin trn phi kh nng chu p lc chn khng ti 200 mmHg.
- Phu c ng knh trong 154 mm 156 mm, chiu cao 20 mm. trong phu c a c l, ng
knh a bng ng knh trong ca phu, ng knh l 1,4 mm 1,6 mm, c phn b u trn
ton b tit din ca a.
- ng h bm giy.
- Giy lc loi chy trung bnh, 20 g/m
2
, c ng knh bng ng knh trong ca phu.
- Thit b th lu ng theo TCVN 3121-3: 2003.

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Hnh 1: S cu to phu ht chn khng
5. Cch tin hnh
Ly khong 1 lt mu va ti c chun b theo TCVN 3121-2: 2003. Xc nh lu ng (D
1
)
ban u ca mu va theo TCVN 3121-2: 2003.
Kho v hiu chnh van 3 chiu duy tr p lc chn khng trong bnh mc 50 mmHg. t giy lc
nhng t nc ln a c l, m van 3 chiu to chn khng trong phu kim tra p lc v s
r r.

16
Trn u mu va sau khi xc nh lu ng, sau va cho vo phu c lt giy lc t,
dng dao gt phng va tha ngang ming phu. iu chnh p lc chn khng ti 50 mmHg. Sau
m van 3 chiu to chn khng trong 60 giy. ngay sau m van 3 chiu cn bng p sut
trong phu bng p sut kh quyn.
Sau khi ht chn khng, ly va ra khi phu, trn u li v xc nh lu ng (D
2
) theo TCVN
3121-3: 2003. Ch mi thao tc khng c gin on, tng thi gian th nghim tnh t khi
nc trn, khng qu 20 pht.
6. Tnh kt qu
Kh nng gi lu ng (GL), tnh bng %, theo cng thc sau:
GL= 100
1
2
D
D

Trong :
D
1
l lu ng ca va trc khi ht chn khng, tnh bng milimt;
D
2
l lu ng ca va sau khi ht chn khng, tnh bng milimt.
Kt qu l gi tr trung bnh cng ca 2 ln th, tnh chnh xc n 1%.
Nu gi tr ca hai ln th chnh lch ln hn 10% so vi gi tr trung bnh th phi tin hnh th li
trn mu lu. Nu gi tr ca hai ln th li vn chnh lch ln hn 10 % so vi gi tr trung bnh th
phi tin hnh ly li mu th t mu gp v th li.
7. Bo co th nghim
- Loi va;
- Gi tr lu ng trc v sau khi ht chn khng D
1
v D
2
;
- Kt qu th, ly chnh xc n 1%;
- Ngy th mu;
- Cc ch khc trong qu trnh th.

17

Phn 9: Xc nh thi gian bt u ng kt ca va ti

Part 9: Determination of initial time setting of fresh mortar
1. Phm vi p dng
Tiu chun ny quy nh phng php xc nh thi gian bt u ng kt ca va ti.
2. Tiu chun vin dn
TCVN 3121-2: 2003 Va xy dng Phng php th Phn 2: Ly mu v chun b mu th.
3. Nguyn tc
Xc nh thi gian bt u ng kt ca va ti tnh t khi nc vo hn hp kh n khi mu
va chu c lc m xuyn xc nh.
Thit b xc nh thi gian bt u ng kt ca va ti c m t trn hnh 1, bao gm:
- Khu ng va (4) hnh cn, bng vt liu khng ht nc, ng knh trong 50 mm v 75 mm,
chiu cao 50 mm100 mm. Chiu dy khu tu thuc vo vt liu ch to, nhng phi chc gi
c hnh dng theo kch thc trn;
- Kim m xuyn (3) lm bng ng hoc thp khng g, ng knh 5 mm, tng chiu di 65 mm,
phn di ca kim (phn m vo va) c ng knh 6,175 mm 0,025 mm, di 25 mm 0,25 mm;
- Vng m (2) c ng knh ngoi 20 mm, ng knh trong va lp lng vo phn trn ca
kim. Vng m c tc dng cho bit kim m su vo mu va;
- C cu n by (1) to lc n kim m xung mu th;
- Cn k thut 10 kg, c vch chia ti 100 g;
- ng h bm giy;
- Phng/thng dng h mu (nhit 27
0
C 2
0
C, m 95 % 5 %);
- Bay, cho,

18
Kch thc tnh bng milimt

Hnh 1 S cu to dng c th thi gian bt u ng kt
5. Cch tin hnh
Ly khong 1 lt mu va theo TCVN 3121-2: 2003. va y hn ming khu v dng chy, theo
nh quy nh trong TCVN 3121-3: 2003, m khong 10 ci sao cho va c y kn trong khu.
Dng dao gt va tha ngang ming khu, dng vi lau sch va bm xung quanh khu, cn khu c
cha mu, c khi lng m
1
.
t khu c cha mu vo v tr di kim, sao cho b mt va trong khu cch kim m xuyn khong
20 mm. H kim t t cho ti khi chm b mt va. Gi v tr ny 1 giy 2 giy cho kim n nh. Sau
n kim m xuyn xung mu cho n khi vng m ca kim chm vo b mt mu.
19
Khong thi gian gia cc ln m xuyn l 15 pht 30 pht, tu theo va khng c hoc c ph gia
ko di ng kt. Sau bo qun mu nhit 27
0
C 2
0
C v m 95% 5% trong ti nilon bc
kn.
Ghi lc m xuyn ca cc ln th, xc nh bng cch c cc gi tr ch trn ng h ca cn, c
khi lng m
2
.
Tin hnh th mu cho ti khi cng m xuyn xc nh theo 6.1, t 0,5 N/mm
2
.
6. Tnh kt qu
6.1 Cng m xuyn (R
x
), tnh bng N/mm
2
, theo cng thc:
R
x
= 10
1 2
F
m m

Trong :
m
1
l khi lng ca khu c cha mu, tnh bng kilgam;
m
2
l khi lng c c trn cn khi th, tnh bng kilgam;
F l din tch tit din ca kim m xuyn, tnh bng mm
2
, F = 29,93 mm
2
.
6.2 Thi gian bt u ng kt, tnh bng pht, k t khi cc thnh phn vt liu ca va c trn
vi nc cho n khi va t cng m xuyn l 0,5 N/mm
2
.
Kt qu th l gi tr trung bnh cng ca 2 ln xc nh. Nu kt qu gia hai ln th sai lch nhau
qu 30 pht th phi tin hnh xc nh li.
7. Bo co th nghim
- Loi va;
- Khi lng m
1
v m
2
;
- Kt qu th, ly chnh xc n 1 pht;
- Ngy th mu;
- Cc ch khc trong qu trnh th.

20

Phn 10: Xc nh khi lng th tch mu va ng rn

Part 10: Determination of dry bulk density of hardened mortars

1. Phm vi p dng
Tiu chun ny quy nh phng php xc nh khi lng th tch ca va ng rn.
2. Tiu chun vin dn
TCVN 3121-11 : 2003 Va xy dng Phng php th Phn 11: Xc nh cng un v nn ca
va ng rn.
3. Nguyn tc
Xc nh t s gia khi lng v th tch ca mu va theo phng php o kch thc hoc cn thu
tnh.
- T sy c b phn iu chnh v n nh nhit ;
- Thc kp c chnh xc ti 0,1 mm;
- Cn thu tnh.
5. Cch tin hnh
S dng vin mu va ng rn c c trong khun 40 mm x 40 mm x 160 mm hoc trong cc
khun khc c hnh dng nht nh. Va ng rn c bo dng trong iu kin quy nh, khng t
hn 28 ngy (TCVN 3121-11 : 2003). Nu mu va khng c hnh dng nht nh th c th chn
ming va c th tch khng nh hn 50 cm
3
.
Sy kh mu nhit 105
0
C 5
0
C hoc 60
0
C 5
0
C (va c ph gia hu c) n khi lng khng
i. ngui mu ti nhit phng v cn mu, c khi lng m
1
. Vi mu c hnh dng xc nh
th o kch thc 3 cnh, kt qu o mi cnh l gi tr trung bnh cng ca 3 ln o 3 v tr khc
nhau. Vi mu khng c hnh dng xc nh th nhng mu vo parafin ang b nng chy. Nu lp
bc parafin cn bt kh hoc khuyt tt th ph li ch cng bng parafin lng. Cn ngoi khng kh
mu bc parafin, c khi lng m
2
, sau cn thu tnh mu bc parafin, c khi lng
m
3
.
21
6. Tnh kt qu
6.1 Mu c hnh dng xc nh:
6.2 Khi lng th tch mu th (p
v
), tnh bng kg/m
3
, theo cng thc:
p
v=
h b l
m

1

Trong :
m
1
l khi lng mu trng thi kh, tnh bng kilgam;
l,b,h l kch thc chiu di, chiu rng, chiu cao mu th, tnh bng mt.
6.3 Mu c hnh dng khng xc nh;
Khi lng th tch mu th (p
v
), tnh bng kg/m
3
, theo cng thc:
p
v
=
930 / ) ( ) (
1 2 3 2
1
m m m m
m

Trong :
m
1
l khi lng mu kh cn ngoi khng kh, tnh bng kilgam;
m
2
l khi lng mu kh c bc parafin cn ngoi khng kh, tnh bng kilgam;
m
3
l khi lng mu c bc parafin cn thu tnh, tnh bng kilgam;
930 l gi tr khi lng ring ca parafin, tnh bng kg/m
3
.
Kt qu th l gi tr trung bnh cng kt qu ca 2 mu th, chnh xc ti 10kg/m
3
.

22

Phn 11: Xc nh cng un v nn ca va ng rn
Part 11: Determination of flexural and compressive strength of hardened mortars

1. Phm vi p dng
Tiu chun ny quy nh phng php xc nh cng un v nn ca va ng rn.
2 Tiu chun vin dn
TCVN 3121-2 : 2003 Va xy dng Phng php th Phn 2: ly mu v chun b mu th.
TCVN 3121-3 : 2003 Va xy dng Phng php th Phn 3: Xc nh lu ng.
3 Nguyn tc
Cng un ca va c xc nh bng cch ln lt cht ti ln 3 khi va ng rn iu
kin tiu chun, cho n khi mu b ph hu.
Cng nn c tnh t lc ph hu ln nht v kch thc chu lc ca cc na mu gy sau khi
un th.
4 Thit b v dng c th
4.1 Khun bng kim loi, c hnh lng tr (hnh 1). Khun gm 3 ngn, c th tho lp ri tng thanh,
kch thc trong mi ngn ca khun l: chiu di 160mm + 0,8mm, chiu rng 40mm + 0,2mm,
chiu cao 40mm + 0,1mm.
4.2 Chy m mu, c lm t vt liu khng ht nc c tit din ngang l hnh vung vi cnh
bng 12mm 1mm, khi lng l 50g + 1g. B mt chy phng v vung gc vi chiu di.
4.3 Thng bo dng mu c th duy tr nhit 27
0
C + 2
0
C v m 95% + 5%.
4.4 Mnh vi cotton, cn bn mnh, mi mnh c kch thc 150mm x 175mm
4.5 Giy lc nh tnh loi 20g/m
2
, kch thc 150mm x 175mm
4.6 Tm knh, c din tch ln y kn khun

23

Hnh 1 Khun mu hnh lng tr
4.7 My th un, c kh nng cht ti n 5 KN, sai s khng ln hn 2%, tc tng ti 10N/s 50
N/s. S nguyn l th un th hin trn hnh 2.
Kch thc tnh bng milimt

Hnh 2 S nguyn l cng un
4.8 My th nn
- my nn c kh nng to lc nn n 100KN, sai s khng ln hn 2%, tc tng ti 100N/s
900N/s;
- hai tm nn ca my c lm t thp cng ( cng b mt khng nh hn 600HV gi tr cng
Vicker), tit din hnh vung, cnh l 40mm + 0,1mm, chiu dy khng nh hn 10mm. Tm nn phi
m bo phng, khe h b mt gia 2 tm nn khng ln hn 0,01mm;
5 Cch tin hnh
5.1 Chun b mu th
24
Ly khong 2 lt mu c chun b theo TCVN 3121-2 : 2003. Trn u li bng tay t 10 giy
20 giy trc khi th.
a) Vi va s dng nhiu hn 50% cht kt dnh thu lc trong tng khi lng cht kt dnh; mu
vo khun c y kim loi lm 2 lp, dng chy m mi lp 25 ci i vi khun hnh lng tr v 20
ci i vi khun hnh lp phng. Dng dao gt va cho bng ming khun. y kn khun bng tm
knh v bo dng mu theo thi gian v ch quy nh bng 1.
b) Vi va s dng khng nhiu hn 50% cht kt dnh thu lc trong tng khi lng cht kt dnh;
t khun khng y ln tm vt liu khng ht nc, trn tm c ph 2 lp vi cotton.
Bng 1 Thi gian v ch bo dng mu
Nhit bo dng 27
0
C + 2
0
C
m tng i, %
95 + 5 70 + 10

Loi va
trong khun ngoi khun ngoi khun
- Va c nhiu hn 50% cht kt dnh thu lc
- Va c khng nhiu hn 50% cht kt dnh thu
lc
2 ngy

5 ngy
5 ngy

2 ngy
21 ngy

21 ngy
Ch thch Nu sau thi gian trn mu vn cha tho khun c th tip tc gi mu trong khun.
Thi gian gi mu trong khun khng c ln hn 7 ngy
mu vo khun lm 2 lp, dng chy m mi lp 25 ci. Dng dao gt va tha ngang ming
khun. t 2 lp vi cotton ln mt khun ri t tip theo 6 lp giy lc ln lp vi cotton. y tm
knh ln trn lp giy lc. Sau lt p khun xung (y khun ln ln trn), b tm knh ra. t 6
ming giy lc ln trn lp vi cotton v li y tm knh ln trn. Lt li khun v v tr ban u v
dng vt nng to lc ln mt mu vi p lc khong 26g/cm
2
, tng ng 5000g. Lc c
duy tr trong 3 gi. Sau tho b ti trng, tm knh, giy lc v ming vi bn trn mt khun. y
tm knh v lt li khun tho b ming vt liu khng ht nc, giy lc v vi ra. y li tm knh
ln trn b mt khun v bo dng mu th nh quy nh trong bng 1.
5.2 Tin hnh un v nn mu
5.2.1 Th un mu: Mu khi c bo dng nh quy nh bng 1, c lp vo b g un, s
hnh 2. Mt tip xc vi cc gi un l 2 mt bn tip xc vi thnh khun khi to mu. Tin hnh un
mu vi tc tng ti t 10N/s 50N/s cho n khi mu b ph hu. Ghi li ti trng ph hu ln
nht.
5.2.2 Th nn mu: Mu th nn l 6 na vin mu gy sau khi th un. t tm nn vo gia
tht nn di ca my nn, sau t mu vo b tm nn, sao cho hai mt mu tip xc vi tm
nn l 2 mt tip xc vi thnh khun khi to mu. Nn mu vi tc tng ti t 100N/s 300N/s
cho n khi mu b ph hu. Ghi li ti trng ph hu ln nht.
25
6 Tnh kt qu
6.1 Cng un ca mi mu th (R
u
), tnh bng N/mm
2
, chnh xc n 0,05N/mm
2
, theo cng thc:
R
u
=1,5
2
h b
l P
u

trong :
P
u
l lc un gy, tnh bng Niutn;
l l khong cch gia hai gi un, tnh bng milimt (10mm);
b, h l chiu rng, chiu cao mu th, tnh bng milimt (40mm v 40mm).
Kt qu th l gi tr trung bnh cng ca 3 mu th, chnh xc n 0,1N/mm
2
. Nu c mt kt qu sai
lch ln hn 10% so vi gi tr trung bnh th loi b kt qu . Khi kt qu th l gi tr trung bnh
cng ca hai mu cn li.
6.3 Cng nn ca mi mu th (R
n
), tnh bng N/mm
2
2
, theo cng thc:
R
n
=
A
P
n

trong :
P
n
l lc nn ph hu mu, tnh bng Niutn;
A l din tch tit din nn ca mu, tnh bng milimt vung.
Kt qu th l gi tr trung bnh cng ca 6 mu th, chnh xc n 0,1N/mm
2
. Nu kt qu ca vin
mu no sai lch ln hn 15% so vi gi tr trung bnh ca cc vin mu th loi b kt qu ca vin
mu . Khi kt qu th l gi tr trung bnh cng ca cc vin mu cn li.
7 Bo co th nghim
- loi va;
- phng php ly v chun b mu va;
- gi tr lu ng chun b theo TCVN 3121-3 : 2003;
- kt qa th (tng gi tr cng un/nn ly chnh xc n 0,05N/mm
2
v gi tr trung bnh ly
chnh xc n 0,1N/mm
2
);
- ngy v ngi th mu;

26

Phn 12: Xc nh cng bm dnh ca va ng rn trn
nn
Part 11: Determination of adhesive streghth of hardened mortars on substrates

1. Phm vi p dng
Tiu chun ny quy nh phng php xc nh cng bm dnh ca va trn nn.
2 Tiu chun vin dn
TCVN 3121-3 : 2003 Va xy dng Phng php th Phn 3: Xc nh lu ng
3 Nguyn tc
Xc nh lc ko t ln nht vung g vi b mt bm dnh ca mu va trn nn th. Cng
bm dnh c tnh bng t s gia lc ko t v din tch bm dnh ca mu th.
4 Thit b v dng c th
4.1 Vng hnh trn ct bng ng hoc thp khng g, c hnh dng v kch thc nh trong hnh 1.
4.2 Tm u ko bm dnh hnh trn bng thp khng g, c ng knh 50mm + 0,1mm, chiu dy
khng nh hn 10mm. Tm ca u ko c mc mc trc tip vo b phn ko ca my th cng
bm dnh.
4.3 Keo gn, trn c s nha thng, nha epoxy hoc nha methylmethacryl.
4.4 My th cng bm dnh c kh nng to lc ko trc tip ti 5KN, sai s khng ln hn 2%,
tc tng lc ko t 5N/s-10N/s. My c b phn gia tm nn lin kt trc khi th bm dnh.
4.5 Phng/thng dng h mu, c kh nng n nh nhit 27
0
C + 2
0
C v m 70% + 10%.

27
kch thc tnh bng milimt

Hnh 1 Vng trn nn ct
5 Chun b th
5.1 Chun b tm nn lin kt
Nu khng c quy nh no c bit th tm nn lin kt c lm t b tng hnh ch nht, kch
thc khng nh hn: 550mm x 150mm x 50mm. B tng lm tm nn c t l nc/xi mng 0,55 c
s dng ct liu thng thng vi ng knh ht ct liu ln nht khng ln hn 1/3 chiu cao tm
nn. B mt tm nn c lm phng bng bay g v c chi thng xuyn. Tm nn c bo
dng trong iu kin tiu chun (TCVN 3121-11 : 2003) khng t hn 28 ngy tui.
5.2 Chun b mu th
Ly khong 12 lt mu c chun b theo TCVN 3121-2 : 2003 v trn u li mu t 10 giy 20
giy, lng mt lp va dy 10mm + 1mm ln trn tm nn lin kt. Trc khi lng va, tm nn c
kh t nhin. Sau khi mu bt u ng kt, va xoay nh va n vng hnh nn c lau lp
du mng xung lp va cho ti khi tip xc hon ton vi nn lin kt. Xoay nh v nhc t t vng
hnh nn ln khi lp va. Lc ny to c mu nn khoan hnh tr th lc bm dnh trong
din tch ca vng hnh cn. Khong cch gia cc mu th trn tm nn v khong cch t mu ti
mp tm nn khng nh hn 50mm. Cc mu th b bong hoc st trong qa trnh chun b mu s b
loi b v lm tip cc mu th khc bn cnh. Mu th c bo dng 7 ngy trong ti nilon kn v
21 ngy m 70% + 10% v nhit 27
0
C + 2
0
C.
5.3 Cch tin hnh
Khi mu n tui th, dng nha epoxy gn u ko vo mu th. Nha phi c ph ht trn
ton din tch mu th v u ko. Ch trnh khng nha dnh ra ngoi din tch cn th. Sau khi
nha epoxy ng rn, lp tm nn lin kt c mu th c gn u ko vo ng v tr ca my.
Lp tip cc mc trn u ko vo my th. Tc dng mt lc ko thng gc vi mu th vi tc
28
tng ti 0,05N/mm
2
.s N/mm
2
.s nu cng bm dnh d kin ln hn 1N/mm
2
, hoc t
0,01N/mm
2
.s 0,05N/mm
2
.s nu cng bm dnh d kin nh hn 1N/mm
2
, cho n khi mu b
ko t. Ghi lc ko t ln nht.
6 Tnh kt qu
Cng bm dnh ca tng mu th (R
bd
), tnh bng N/mm
2
2
, theo cng
thc sau:
R
bd
=
A
P
bd

trong :
P
b
l lc bm dnh khi ko t, tnh bng Niutn;
A l din tch bm dnh chu ko ca mu th, tnh bng milimt vung, A = 1950mm
2
.
Kt qu th l gi tr trung bnh cng kt qu ca 5 mu th, chnh xc n 0,1N/mm
2
. Nu c kt qu
no sai lch qu 10% gi tr trung bnh th loi b kt qu . Kt qu cui cng l gi tr trung bnh
kt qu ca cc mu cn li.
7 Bo co th nghim
- loi va;
- kt qu th (lc ko t, din tch bm dnh v kt qu cui cng);
- ngy v ngi th mu;

29

Phn 17: Xc nh hm lng ion clo ho tan trong nc

Part 17: Determination of water soluble chloride content
1. Phm vi p dng
Tiu chun ny quy nh phng php xc nh hm lng ion clo ho tan trong nc ca va ti v
va kh trn sn.
2 Tiu chun vin dn
TCVN 4851 : 89 (ISO 3696 : 1987) Nc dng phn tch trong phng th nghim Yu cu k thut
v phng php th.
3 Nguyn tc
Ho tan ton b lng ion clo c trong mu va bng nc ct. Kt ta hm lng ion clo ho tan
trong nc bng dung dch bc nittrat tiu chun ly d. Chun lng bc nittrat d bng dung
dch amoni sunfua xianua tiu chun c s dng mui st III lm cht ch th, t tnh ra lng ion
clo c trong mu.
4 Thit b, ho cht v thuc th
4.1 Thit b
- Cn phn tch, loi cn n 200g, chnh xc n 0,0001 gam;
- Buret 10ml, c vch chia ti 0,01ml;
- T sy, c b phn iu chnh v n nh nhit ;
- Giy lc (ng knh l khong 20m);
- Pipet 5 ml;
- Bnh tam gic 500 ml;
- Bnh nh mc 1000 ml;
- Bnh ht m;
- Sng c kch thc l sng 10 mm v 0,125 mm;
- Cc thu tinh boro silicat 250 ml;
- Cc thu tinh boro silicat ming rng c np y kn, dung tch khong 500 ml;
- Bnh nha c np vn, dung tch 150 ml;
30
- My lc, c kh nng xoay 500 vng/pht hoc my khuy t.
4.2 Ho cht v thuc th
S dng thuc th loi tinh khit phn tch, nc ct theo TCVN 4851 : 89 (ISO 3696 : 1987) hoc
nc c tinh khit tng ng.
- Axit nitric c (HNO
3
), d =1,4 - 1,42 kg/l 20
o
C;
- Axit nitric, pha long 1+2;
- Axit nitric, pha long 1+100;
- Bc nitrat (AgNO
3
), sy kh 150
o
C, sau ngui v ct gi trong bnh ht m;
- Bc nitrat (AgNO
3
), dung dch 0,1 N. Ho tan 16,988 bc nitrat vi nc trong bnh nh mc 1000 ml
n vch mc. Ct gi dung dch trong l thu tinh nu, trnh nh sng;
- Amoni sunfua xianua (NH
4
SCN);
- Amoni sunfua xianua (NH
4
SCN), dung dch 0,1N. Ho tan 7,6g amoni sunfua xianua trong nc n
vch mc 1000ml;
Xc nh h s f bng cch chun dung dch amoni sunfua xianua 0,1N vi dung dch bc nitrat
(AgNO
3
) 0,1N, s dng ch th mui Morh;
- Ch th mui Morh NH
4
Fe(SO
4
)
2
. 12H
2
O 10%.
5 Cch tin hnh
5.1 Ly khong 1,5 lt mu chun b theo TCVN 3121-2 : 2003
- i vi mu va ti, trn u li mu trc khi ly 250 gam cho vo cc 500ml v sy nhit
105
0
C + 5
0
C hoc 60
0
C + 5
0
C (vi mu c cha hp cht hu c, nh ph gia, polystiren);
- i vi mu kh, nghin mu qua sng 10mm, trn u v ly 500 gam nghin tip n khi lt
ht qua sng 0,125mm. Mu ny dng phn tch.
Ch thch Cc ion kim loi sinh ra trong qu trnh nghin cn c loi b bng phng php ht t.
5.2 Tch ion clo ho tan trong nc.
Cn chnh xc 10g + 0,05g mu chun b trn cho vo bnh nha 150ml, thm 100ml nc, ng
kn np bnh, t vo my lc v lc trong 60 pht vi tc 600 vng/pht (hoc c th dng my
khuy t thay cho my lc). Ly bnh ra khi my lc, yn t 15 gi 24 gi (tt nht l qua
m). Sau lc ra bng nc ct vi giy lc nh tnh chy trung bnh, dung dch lc thu vo cc
250ml. Ra cn bng 25ml 5ml nc ct.
Axit ho dung dch lc bng cch thm 200ml dung dch HNO
3
(1+2) v un si dung dch. Sau
dng pipet thm chnh xc 5 ml dung dch AgNO
3
0,1N vo dung dch ang si. Gi dung dch si trong
thi gian t 1,5 pht n 2 pht, ly ra ngui n nhit phng. Thm 5 ml git ch th mui Morh
vo cc v chun bng dung dch NH
4
SCN 0,1N cho n khi dung dch xut hin mu nu gch. Ghi
li lng dung dch NH
4
SCN 0,1N cn thit cho php chun (V
1
)
31
Lm song song mt th nghim trng hiu chnh lng ion c trong thuc th. Ghi li lng dung
dch NH
4
SCN 0,1N cn thit cho php chun trng (V
2
).
6 Biu th kt qu
Hm lng ion clo (Cl
-
Cl
-
= (V
2
V
1
) x f x 100
10
545 , 3
m

trong :
V
2
l th tch Amoni sunfua xianua tiu tn khi chun mu trng, tnh bng mililt (ml);
V
1
l th tch Amoni sunfua xianua tiu tn khi chun mu th, tnh bng mililt (ml);
3,545 l ng lng gam ca clo;
f l nng phn t gam, c xc nh nh sau:
f=
0,1N) SCN (NH V ml
0,1N) (AgNO V ml
4
3

m l khi lng phn mu th (10g + 0,05g), tnh bng gam.
Kt qu th l gi tr trung bnh cng kt qu ca hai php xc nh, ly chnh xc n 0,01%.
Trng hp hm lng ion clo trong va vt qu 0,17% khi lng mu th, iu c th thy khi
mu xut hin ngay vi git u tin trong qu trnh chun vi dung dch NH
4
SCN. iu c
ngha l lng thuc th bc nitrat khng cho lng ion clo tng i ln. Do , nn th li vi
lng mu th ban u nh hn.
7 Bo co th nghim
- loi va;
- kt qu th (gi tr hm lng ion clo ca tng php xc nh v kt qu cui cng ca mu th);
- ngy v ngi th mu;

32

Phn 18: Xc nh ht nc mu va ng rn
Part 18: Determination of water absorption of hardened mortars

1. Phm vi p dng
Tiu chun ny quy nh phng php xc nh ht nc cho cc loi va xy dng ng rn.
2 Nguyn tc
Ngm mu th c sy kh v bit trc khi lng cho ti khi bo ho nc. ht nc l t l
phn trm khi lng nc ht vo so vi khi lng mu kh.
3 Thit b v dng c th
- T sy c b phn iu chnh v n nh nhit ;
- Thng ngm mu.
4 Cch tin hnh
Mu va ng rn c bo dng trong iu kin quy nh khng di 28 ngy. Ly cc ming
va c th tch t 50cm
3
500cm
3
, sy kh mu nhit 70
0
C + 5
0
C n khi lng khng i
(chnh lch khi lng gia hai ln cn lin tip cch nhau 2 gi khng vt qu 0,2% khi lng mu
kh). ngui mu n nhit phng th nghim v cn, c khi lng m
1
. Ngm mu vo nc
sinh hot nhit thng trong (24 + 2) gi. Vi mu ra, dng vi m lau nc ng trn b mt
mu ri cn, c khi lng m
2
.
5 Tnh kt qu
ht nc (H), tnh bng %, theo cng thc:
H=
1
1 2
m
m - m
x100
Trong :
m
1
l khi lng mu kh, tnh bng gam;
m
2
l khi lng mu bo ho nc, tnh bng gam.
Kt qu ht nc l gi tr trung bnh cng ca 3 mu th, tnh chnh xc ti 0,01%.

33
7 Bo co th nghim
- loi va;
- kt qu th (khi lng m
1
. m
2
v kt qu cui cng ca mu va);
- ngy v ngi th mu;


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TCVN TIU CHUN VIT NAM

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