I 1

<nansai> : my tui

I. T VNG

<hai> : vng

<watashi> : ti

<iie> : khng

<watashitachi>: chng ta, chng ti

<shitsurei desu ga> : xin li ( khi mun nh ai vic g )

<anata> : bn

<onamaewa> : bn tn g?

<anohito> : ngi kia ngi nh th no

<hajimemashite> : cho ln u gp nhau

<anokata> : v kia

: rt hn hnh c lm quen

<minasan> : cc bn, cc anh, cc ch, mi ngi

<kochirawa san desu> : y l ngi

<san> : anh , ch

<kara kimashita> : n t

<chan> : b ( dng cho n) hoc gi thn mt cho tr con ( c nam

<AMERIKA> : M

ln n)

<IGIRISU> : Anh

<kun> : b (dng cho nam) hoc gi thn mt

<INDO> : n

<jin> : ngi nc

<INDONESHIA> : Indonesia

<sensei> : gio vin

<kankoku> : Hn quc

<kyoushi> : gio vin ( dng ni n ngh nghip)

<TAI> : Thi Lan

<gakusei> : hc sinh, sinh vin

<chuugoku> : Trung Quc

<kaishain> : nhn vin cng ty

<DOICHI> : c

<shain> : nhn vin cng ty

<nihon> : Nht

<ginkouin> : nhn vin ngn hng

<FURANSU> : Php

<isha> : bc s

<BURAJIRU> : Brazil

<kenkyuusha> : nghin cu sinh

<sakura daigaku> : Trng H Sakura

<ENJINIA> : k s

<fuji daigaku> : Trng H Ph S

<daigaku> : trng i hc

IMC: tn cng ty

<byouin> : bnh vin

<BAWA-denki> : tn cng ty in kh Power

<denki> : in

<BURAJIRUEA> : hng khng Brazil

<dare> : ai (hi ngi no )

AKC: tn cng ty

<donata> : ngi no, v no (cng ngha trn nhng lch s hn)

: <sai> : tui

<oikutsu> : my tui (Dng lch s hn)

 ()
<SANTOSU san wa gakusei ja (dewa) arimasen.>

II. NG PHP

( anh Santose khng phi l sinh vin.)

Mu cu 1: _____<ha>_____<desu>
Mu cu 3:_____<wa> _____<desu><ka>
* Vi mu cu ny ta dng tr t <ha> (c l <wa>, ch khng phi l <ha>
trong bng ch - y l cu trc cu-.) T ch ny v sau s vit l <wa> lun,

* y l dng cu hi vi tr t<wa> v tr t nghi vn<ka> cui cu

cc bn c hiu khi vit s l vit ch <ha> trong bng ch

* Cch dng: Dng ni tn, ngh nghip, quc tch ( tng t nh ng t

* Cch dng: Cu hi dng ny c dch l _______ c phi khng? ( ging

TO BE ca ting Anh.

vi To BE ca ting Anh)

* y l mu cu khng nh
Vd:
Vd:

<MIRA- san wa kaishain desu ka>

<watashi wa MAIKU MIRA- desu>

( anh Miler c phi l nhn vin cng ty khng?)

( ti l Michael Miler)

[/color]( anh Santose cng l nhn

vin cng ty)

Mu cu 2: _____<wa>_____<ja>/<dewa>
Mu cu 4: _____<mo> _____<desu (ka)>
* Mu cu vn dng tr t <wa> nhng vi ngha ph nh. mu cu ny
ta c th dng<ja> hoc<dewa> i trc<arimasen>

* y l mu cu dng tr t <mo> vi ngha l cng l ( too trong ting

u c.

Anh m!!!!)

* Cch dng tng t nh cu trc khng nh.

* y l tr tr c th dng hi v tr li. Khi dng hi th ngi tr li bt

buc phi dng<hai> xc nhn hoc<iie> ph nh cu

Vd:

hi. Nu xc nhn kin th dng tr t<mo>, chn ph nh th phi dng

NGU PHAP TIENG NHAT

tr t <ha>.

Cch dng: thay th v tr ca tr t<wa> v mang ngha cng l

<TERESA chan wa nansai (oikutsu) desu ka>

Vd:

(B Teresa bao nhiu tui?)

A: ( )

<Watashi wa BETONAMU jin desu. Anata mo ( BETONAMU jin desu ka?)

<TERESA chan wa kyuu sai desu>

(Ti l ngi Vit Nam, bn cng l ngi Vit Nam phi khng ?)

(B Teresa 9 tui)

B:

() ()

<ano hito (kata) wa dare (donata) desu ka>

<Hai, watashi mo BETONAMU jin desu. Watashi wa daigakusei desu, anata

(Ngi ny (v ny) l ai (ngi no) vy ?

mo?>

(Vng, ti cng l ngi Vit Nam. Ti l sinh vin i hc, cn anh cng vy

<ano hito (kata) wa kimura san desu

phi khng)

(Ngi ny (v ny) l anh (ng) Kimura.)

A:

Mu cu 5: _____ <wa>___<no>

<iie, watashi wa daigakusei ja arimasen. (Watashi wa) Kaishain desu.>

- y l cu trc dng tr t<no> ch s s hu.

(Khng, ti khng phi l sinh vin i hc, ti l nhn vin cng ty.)

- C khi mang ngha l ca nhng c khi khng mang ngha cu vn hay

hn.

CH : i vi cc cu c qu nhiu ch ng watashi wa hoc cc cu hi

trng lp ta c th lc b bt cho cu vn ngn gn.

Vd:
IMC .
<IMC no shain>
(Nhn vin ca cng ty IMC>

IMC
<MIRA san wa IMC no shain desu>

(Anh Michael l nhn vin cng ty IMC)

<Nihongo no hon>
(Sch ting Nht)

 <san>
<yon> (<shi>
Mu cu 6: _____<wa><nansai><oikutsu>

<go>

<desu ka>

<roku>

_____ <wa><sai><desu>

<nana> (<shichi>

- y l mu cu hi vi t hi ( nghi vn t)<nansai>

<hachi>

<oikutsu> dng hi tui

<kyuu>

- <nansai> Dng hi tr nh ( di 10 tui).

<juu>

<oikutsu> Dng hi 1 cch lch s.

<juuichi>
<juuni>

Vd:

<nijuu>

<nijuuichi>

<Taro kun wa nan sai desu ka?>

<nijuuni>

(B Taro my tui vy ?)

<issai> 1 tui

<nijuu issai> 21 tui

<Taro kun wa kyuu sai desu.>

<hatachi> 20 tui

(B Taro 9 tui)

Mu cu 7: a. _____ <wa> < san(sama)> <desu

<Yamada san wa oikutsu desu ka?>

ka>

(Anh Yamada bao nhiu tui vy?)

b. _____ <wa> <dare><donata><desu ka>

- Mu cu (a.) dng xc nh li tn mt ngi.

<Yamada san wa yonjuugo sai desu>

- Mu cu (b.) dng hi tn mt ngi vi nghi vn t<dare>

(Anh Yamada 45 tui)

<donata>
- Mu cu (b.) dng t thng dng l<dare>, khi mun ni 1 cch lch s
th dng<donata>.

S m:
<ichi>

Vd:

<ni>

a.

NGU PHAP TIENG NHAT

<ano hito (kata) wa kimura san desu
(Ngi ny (v ny) l anh (ng) Kimura.)
Mu cu 9: ___A__ ___1_____2__
b.

+ ___A__ __1(2)___

<ano hito wa dare desu ka>

(Ngi ny l ai vy ?)

- y l dng cu hi chn la trong hai hay nhiu s vt, s vic khc nhau.
- Ngha l ___A__ l _____ hay l _____?

Vd:

<ano kata wa donata desu ka>

- A san wa ENGINIA desuka, isha desuka. ( A l k s hay l bc s ?)

(V ny l ngi no vy?)

+ A san wa isha desu. ( A l bc s

Cc im ch thm:
Khi gii thiu tn mnh khng bao gi c ni thm ch <san> hoc

Mu cu 10: ___A__ _____

<sama> ( c ngha l ngi, gi mt cch tn knh) v trong ting Nht c s t

nh l ngi Nht lun t h mnh trc ngi khc. Khi gii thiu tn ngi
khc th phi thm ch <san> hoc <sama> ( khi gii thiu ngi ln
tui c a v x hi cao)

- y l cu hi v bn cht ca mt s vt, s vic

- Nghi l: A l _____ g?
Vd:
-Kono hon wa nanno hon desuka. ( cun sch ny l sch g?)

Mu cu 8:__A___

+ Kono hon wa Nihongo no hon desu.( cun sch ny l sch ting Nht)

+ ___A__ _____
- y l mu cu dng hi Quc tch ca mt ngi.

Mu cu 11: ___A__

- Ngha l ( ___A__ l ngi nc no?)

Vd:
- A san wa nani jin desuka. ( A l ngi nc no?)

- y l cu hi vi t hi:

+ A san wa BETONAMU jin desu.( A l ngi Vit Nam)

- Ngha ca t hi ny l A l Ci g?
Vd:
- Kore wa nandesuka. (y l ci g?)

+ Kore wa NOTO desu. (ay l cun tp)

: <sore>
: <are> kia
: <kono> ~ny

Mu cu 12:

: <sono> ~

: <ano> ~kia

y l cu hi lch s.

: <hon>Sch
: <jisho> T in

- y l cu hi dng hi tn.

: <zasshi> tp ch

- Ngha l Tn ca bn ____ l g?

: <shimbun> bo

Vd:

: <NOTO> tp

- Onamae wa. ( hoc shitsure desu ga, onamaewa hoc Anatano namae wa

: <techou> s tay

nandesuka) ( Tn bn l g?)

: <meishi> danh thip

+ watashi wa A desu. Tn ti l A

: <KA-DO> card
: <TELEHONKA-DO> card in thoi
: <embitsu>vit ch

Mu cu 13:

: <BO-RUPEN> Vit bi
: <SHA-PUPENSHIRU> vit ch bm
: <kagi> ch kho

- y l cu hi dng hi qu hng ca ai . Dng Nghi vn t hi ni

: <tokei> ng h

chn

: <kasa>Ci d

- Ngha l Qu ca _____ u?

: <kaban> ci cp

Vd:

: <KASETTO TE-PU> bng ( casset)

- Inaka wa doko desuka ( Qu ca bn u?)

: <TE-PUREKO-DA->my casset

+ watashi no inaka wa CANTO desu.( qu ti Cn Th)

: <TEREBI>ci TV
: <RAZIO> ci radio

BI2

: <KAMERA> ci my chp hnh

I. T Vng

: <KOMPYU-TA-> my vi tnh
: <jidousha> xe hi

: <kore> y

: <tsukue> ci bn

NGU PHAP TIENG NHAT

: <isu> ci gh

Kore wa nanno hon desuka?

: <CHOKORE-TO> ko scla

(y l sch g?)

: <KO-HI-> c ph

+ kore wa Nihongo no hon desu.

: <eigo> ting Anh

(y l sch ting Nht)

: <nihongo> ting Nht

: <~go> ting ~
: <nan> ci g

_____<_____ wa nanyoubi desuka?>

: <dou> th no

- ngha: _____ l th my?

: <chigaimasu> khng phI, sai ri

- Cch dng: Dng hi th, c th l ngy hm nay hoc l mt s kin s

: <sodesuka> th ?

vic g .

: <anou> .. ( ngp ngng khi ngh hoc suy ngh 1 vn )

- V d:

<honnokimochidesu> y l cht lng thnh

a. Kyou wa nanyoubi desuka.

: <douzo> xin mi

Hm nay l th my?

: <doumo> cm n

+Kyou wa kayoubi desu.

: <doumo arigatou gozaimasu> Xin

Hm nay l th ba

chn thnh cm n

b. KURISUMASU wa nanyoubi desuka.

: <korekara osewa ninarimasu> T nay mong c

NOEL l th my?

gip

+ KURISUMASU wa suiyoubi desu.

<kochirakoso yoroshiku> chnh ti mi l ngi mong

NOEL ngy th T.

c gip .
II. Ng Php - Mu cu:

_____<_____wa nannichi desuka?>

- ngha: _____ l ngy my?

_____<_____wa nanno~ desuka>

- Cch dng: Dng hi ngy v c th l ngy hm nay hoc l ngy ca 1

- ngha: _____ l ci g?

s kin g .

- Cch dng: y l mu cu dng hi v th loi hay thuc tnh ca mt s

- V d:

vt, hin tng. Ta cng c th dng hi vi ngha l s hu khi thay i t

Tanjoubi wa nannichi desuka?

hI <nan> bng t hi <dare> m sau ny chng ta s hc ti!

Sinh nht ngy my?

- V d:

+ Tanjoubi wa 17(jyu nana) nichi desu.

Sinh nht ngy 17.

+ kono zasshi wa KOMPU-TA- no zasshi desu.

cun tp ch ny l tp ch v Vi tnh.

<kore>
<sore> <wa nan desuka?>

Phn ph lc:

<are>
- ngha: Ci ny/ci / ci kia l ci g?

<nanyobi> th my

- Cch dng:

<getsuyoubi> th Hai
<kayoubi> th Ba

a. Vi <kore> th dng hi vt gn mnh, khi tr li phi dng <sore> v khi

<suiyoubi> th T

vt xa ngi tr li

<mokuyoubi> th Nm

b. Vi <sore> dng hi vt gn ngi ni chuyn vi mnh, khi tr li phi

<kinyoubi> th Su

dng <sore>

<doyoubi> th By

c. Vi <are> dng hi vt khng gn ai c nn tr li vn l <are>

<nichiyoubi> Ch Nht

- V d:
Kore wa nanno hon desuka?

<nannichi> ngy my

y l sch g?

Nht trong 10 ngy u ngi ta c cch c khc i so vi cc ngy cn lI,

+ Sore wa Kanjino hon desu.

v chng ta c th dng cho c hai trng hp l ngy ~ hoc ~ngy

l sch Kanji

<tsuitachi> ngy 1 ( hoc 1 ngy)

<futsuka> ngy 2 ( hoc hai ngy)
<mikka> ngy 3 (//)

<yokka> ngy 4 (//)

<itsuka> ngy 5 (//)

<muika> ngy 6 (//)

- ngha: ~ny/~/~kia l ~ g?

<nanoka> ngy 7 (//)

- Cch dng tng t mu cu s 4 nhng c nhn mnh hn!

<youka> ngy 8 (//)

- V d:

<kokonoka> ngy 9 (//)

Sono zasshi wa nanno zasshi desuka?

<to-ka> ngy 10 (//)

cun tp ch l tp ch g?

Cc ngy cn li ta m bng cch rp cch m s vi ch <nichi> l

NGU PHAP TIENG NHAT

c (vd: jyuuichinichi=ngy 11.) nhng c 1 s trng hp c bit sau: v

<kaisha> cng ty

tng t cho cc s cn li ( vd: nijyuu yokka= ngy 24)

<uchi> nh

<jyuu yokka> Ngy 14

<denwa> in thoi

<jyuu kunichi> ngy 19 (im khc bit so vi m s thng

<kutsu> i giy

thng ca s ny l s chn khng c trng m, ku thay v kuu

< NEKUTAI> Cravat ( necktie)

<hatsuka> ngy 20 ci n ch c 1 ln thi!!! Khng lp li nha!!!

<WAIN> ru ty (wine)
<tabako> thuc l

BI3

<uriba> ca hng

I. T Vng

<chika> tng hm

<koko> y

<ikkai> tng 1

<soko>

<nankai> (nghi vn t) tng my

<asoko> kia

<~en> ~ yn ( tin t Nht bn)

<doko> (nghi vn t) u

<ikura> (nghi vn t) Bao nhiu ( hi gi c)

<kochira> ( knh ng) y

<hyaku> Trm

<sochira> (//)

<sen> ngn

<achira> (//) kia

<man> vn ( 10 ngn)

<dochira> (//)(nghi vn t) u, hng no

<sumimasen> xin li

<kyoshitsu> phng hc

<(~o) misete kudasai> xin cho xem ~

<shokudo> nh n

~<jya (~o) kudasai> vy th, xin cho ti (ti ly) ci ~

<jimusho> vn phng

<shin oosaka> tn a danh Nht

<kaigishitsu> phng hp

<ITARIA>

<uketsuke> quy tip tn

<SUISU> Thu S

<ROBI-> i snh (LOBBY)

<heya> cn phng
<TOIRE (ote arai)> Toilet
<kaidan> cu thang

II. Ng php - Mu cu

<EREBE-TA-> thang my
<ESUKARE-TA-> thang cun
<(o) kuni> quc gia ( nc)

<koko>

 _____ <soko wa _____ desu>

<asoko>

- VD:
a. koko wa doko desuka? (y l u?)

- ngha: y l/ l/kia l _____

b. ROBI- wa doko desuka? (i snh u?)

c. SANTOSU san wa doko desuka? ( Anh SANTOSE u?)

- Cch dng dng gii thiu, ch cho ai mt ni no

+ SANTOSUSAN wa kaigijitsu desu. ( Anh SANTOSE phng hp)

- VD:
Koko wa uketsuke desu. (y l bn tip tn)

<kochira>
_____ <_____wa sochira desu.>
<achira>

<koko> _____ <_____ wa soko

desu> <asoko>

- ngha: _____ l y//kia ( nu dng ch ngi th c ngha l V

- ngha: _____ l y//kia.

ny//kia)

- Cch dng: dng ch r a im no u hoc mt ngi no

u. Thng c dng ch cho ai mt ni no hoc ngi no .

10

- Cch dng: Tng t vi cch hi a im, ni chn, ngi trn. Nhng

n c dng th hn s lch thip, cung knh i vi ngi ang nghe.
Ngha gc ca cc t ny ln lt l (Hng ny//kia)

- VD:
a. Satou san wa soko desu. < anh Satou >

- VD:

b. Shokudou wa ashoko desu. < Nh n kia>

Kaigijitsu wa achira desu. (phng hp ng kia )

Kochira wa Take Yama sama desu. (y l ngi Take Yama)

______<_____wa doko desuka.>

_____<_____ wa dochira desuka?>
- ngha: _____ u?
- ngha: _____ u? ( nu dung cho ngi th l : ____ l v no?)
- Cch dng: dng hi ni chn hoc a im ca mt ngi no ang
u. Chng ta c th kt hp cu hi ny cho c hai cu trc 1. v 2. trn.

- Cch dng: y l cu hi lch s cung knh ca cch hi thng thng.

NGU PHAP TIENG NHAT

- VD:

- Cch dng: y l cu hi a m ca mt ni no tng th my.

ROBI- wa dochira desuka? ( i snh hng no ?)

Take Yama sama wa dochira desuka?(ngi Take Yama l v no ?)

- VD:
RESUTORAN wa nankai desuka? ( nh hng tng my?)
RESUTORAN wa gokai desu. ( nh hng tng nm)

______<_____ wa doko no desuka?>

______ <_____wa ~ no desu>
_____[/color] ( _____ wa ikura desuka?)
- ngha: _____ ca nc no vy?

______ (_____wa ~ desu)

______ l ca nc ~
- ngha: ______ gi bao nhiu?
- Cch dng: y l cu trc dng hi xut x ca mt mn . V trong

_____ gi ~

cu tr lI, ta c th thay i ch ng ( l mn thnh cc t nh <kore>

<sore> v <are> a ra ng trc tr t WA v i t thay th vo v tr
sau tr t NO th s hay hn, hoc ta c th b hn lun ci t i cho
cu ngn gn.

- Cch dng: Dng hi gi mt mn .

11
- VD:
kono enpitsu wa ikura desuka? ( ci bt ch ny gi bao nhiu?)

- VD:

sore wa hyaku go jyuu en desu. ( ci gi 150 yn)

kono tokei wa doko no desuka? (ci ng h ny l ca nc no?)

Phn Ph:

sore wa SUISU no (tokei) desu. ( l ng h Thu S)

< nangai> Tng my

< ikkai> tng 1
<nikai> tng 2

_____ < _____ wa nangai desuka?>

<sangai> tng 3

_____ <______wa ~ ai desu>

<yonkai> tng 4
< gokai> tng 5

- ngha: ______ tng my?

<rokkai> tng 6

______ tng ~.

<nana kai> tng 7

<hakkai> tng 8

 <kyuukai> tng 9

<asa> : sng

<jyuukai> tng 10

<hiru> : tra

Cc t mu khc l cc t c m c bit.

<ban> : ti

Cc tng sau ta cng m tng t v cc s c bit cng c p dng cho

<yoru> : ti

cc tng cao hn ( v d: tng 11 : jyuu ikkai, tng 13: jyuu sangai)

<ototoi> : ngy hm kia

<kinou> : ngy hm qua

BI4

<kyou> : hm nay

I) T VNG

<ashita> : ngy mai

<okimasu> : thc dy

<asatsute> : ngy mt

<nemasu> : ng

<kesa> : sng nay

<hatarakimasu> : lm vic

<konban> : ti nay

<yasumimasu> : ngh ngi

<yuube> : ti hm qua

<benkyoushimasu> : hc tp

<yasumi> : ngh ngi (danh t)

<owarimasu> : kt thc

<hiruyasumi> : ngh tra

<DEPA-TO> : ca hng bch ha

<maiasa> : mi sng

<ginkou> : ngn hng

12

<maiban> : mi ti

<yuubinkyoku> : bu in

<mainichi> : mi ngy

< <toshokan> : th vin

<PEKIN> : Bc Kinh

<bijutsukan> : vin bo tng

<BANKOKU> Bangkok

<denwabangou> : s in thoi

<RONDON> Lun n

<nanban> : s my

<ROSANZERUSU> : Los Angeles

<ima> : by gi

<taihendesune> : vt v nh

<ji> : ~gi

<bangouannai> : dch v 116 (hi s in thoi)

<fun> <pun> : pht

<otoiawase> : (s in thoi) bn mun bit / hi l

<han> : phn na

<(o) onegaishimasu> : lm n

<nanji> : my gi

<kashikomarimashita> : hiu ri

<nanpun> : my pht

II) MU CU - NG PHP

<gozen> : sng (AM: trc 12 gi)

Ng Php

<gogo> : chiu (PM: sau 12 gi)

ng T

NGU PHAP TIENG NHAT

ng t chia lm 3 lai :

c) ni : dng cho cc ng t lin quan n thi gian nh

- ng t qu kh

- nemasu : ng

- ng t hin ti

- okimasu : thc dy

- ng t tng lai

- yasumimasu : ngh ngi

a) ng t hin ti - tng lai

- owarimasu : kt thc

C ui l ch masu

c Bit : aimasu ( gp )

V d :

V d :

watashi wa kuji ni nemasu ( ti ng lc 9 gi )

watashi wa shichiji ni nemasu ( ti ng lc 7 gi )

watashi wa tamago o tabemasu ( ti n trng )

- Nu trong cu c t ch tng lai nh : ashita(ngy mai)... th

watashi wa BAO ni aimasu ( ti gp Bo )

ng t trong cu l tng lai

V d :

BI 5

I.T VNG

ashita watashi wa RONDON e ikimasu (Ngy mai ti i Lun n)

<ikimasu> : i

( Ch e cu trn vit l he nhng c l e v y l ng php )

13

<kimasu> : n

b) ng t qu kh

<kaerimasu> : tr v

C ui l ch mashita

<gakkou> : trng hc

V d : nemashita ( ng)

<SU-PA-> : siu th

tabemashita ( n)

<eki> : nh ga

Hin ti sang qu kh : masu - mashita

<hikouki> : my bay

( b ch su thm ch shita vo )

<fune> : thuyn/tu
<densha> : xe in

Tr T theo sau ng t c nhiu tr t, nhng y l 3 tr t s cp :

<chikatetsu> : xe in ngm

a) he (c l e) : Ch dng cho 3 ng t

<shinkansen> : tu cao tc

- ikimasu : i

<BASU> : xe but

- kimasu : n

<TAKUSHI-> : xe taxi

- kaerimasu : tr v

<jidensha> : xe p

b) o (ch o th hai) : Dng cho cc tha ng t

<aruite> <(ikimasu)> : i b

 <hito> : ngi

Mu Cu 1

<tomodachi> : bn

Cu trc :

<kare> : anh y

__

<kanojo> : c y

<__wa nani o shimasuka>

<kazoku> : gia nh

V d :

<hitoride> : mt mnh

<anata wa nani o shimasuka>

<senshuu> : tun truc

(Bn ang lm g ?)

<konshuu> : tun ny

<raishuu> : tun ti

<watashi wa tegami o kakimasu>

<sengetsu> : thng trc

(Ti ang vit th)

<kongetsu> : thng ny

Cch dng : Dng hi ai ang lm g

<raigetsu> : thng ti

Mu Cu 2

<kyonen> : nm ri

Cu trc :

<kotoshi> : nm nay

__

<rainen> : nm ti

<__wa dare to nani o shimasuka>

<~gatsu> : thng ~

14

V d : A

<nangatsu> : thng my

<A san wa tomodachi to nani o shimasuka>

<ichinichi> : mt ngy

(A ang lm g vi bn vy)

<nannichi> : ngy my

<itsu> : khi no

<A san wa tomodachi to satsuka- o shimasu>

<tanjoubi> : sinh nht

(A ang chi banh vi bn)

<futsu> : thng thng

Cch dng : Dng hi ngi no ang lm g vi ai

<kyuukou> : tc hnh

Mu Cu 3

<totsukyuu> : ha tc

Cu trc :

<tsugino> : k tip

__

<arigatou gozaimashita> : cm n

<__wa doko de nani o shimasu ka>

<dou itashimashite> : khng c chi

V d : B

<~bansen> : tuyn th ~

<B san wa kouen de nani o shimasu ka>

II. MU CU

(B ang lm g cng vin vy ?)

NGU PHAP TIENG NHAT

B
<B san wa kouen de TENISU o shimasu>

Ghi ch :

(B ang chi tenis cng vin)

<dare> : ai

Cch dng : Dng hi mt ngi no ang lm g mt ni no .

<doko> : u

Mu Cu 4

<nani> : ci g (dng cho danh t)

Cu trc :

<nan> : ci g (dng cho ng t)

__

<doushi> : ng t

<__dare to nan de doko e ikimasu>

<shimasu> : chi, lm

V d :

Ph ch :

<watashi wa koibito to densha de kouen e ikimasu>

Cc th trong ng t :

(Ti cng vi ngi yu i xe in n cng vin) (^_^)

a) Th khng nh

Cch dng : Dng ni mt ngi no cng vi ai, i n u bng

ui ca ng t l <masu>

phng tin g.

V d : <ikimasu>

Mu Cu 5

<kaerimasu>

Cu trc :

b) Th ph nh

__

15

ui ca ng t l <masen>

<__ wa nani o doushi ka>

V d : <ikimasen>

V d :

<kaerimasen>

<kinou anata wa eiga o mimashitaka>

c) Th nghi vn

(Ngy hm qua bn c xem phim khng ?)

Thm t <ka> vo sau ng t

V d : <mimasuka> : C xem khng ?

<hai, mimashita>

d) Th khng nh trong qu kh

(C)

ui ca ng t l <mashita>

V d : <mimashita> : xem ri

<iie, mimasendeshita>

e) Th ph nh trong qu kh

(Khng)

ui ca ng t l <masendeshita>

Cch dng : y l dng cu hi c, khng hi ai v mt vn g .

V d : <mimasendeshita> : khng xem

D nhin l trong cc mu cu trn cc bn c th thm vo thi gian cho ph

f) Th nghi vn trong qu kh

hp vi cu v ng t.

Nh th nghi vn ca ng t hin ti

V d : <mimashitaka> : C xem khng (trong qu kh ?)

<kudamono> : tri cy

Ch : trong cu khng nh v nghi vn c ng t khng dng <desu>

<mizu> : nc

cui cu, <desu> ch dng cho danh t.

<ocha> : tr
<koucha> : hng tr

BI 6

<gyuunyuu> : sa

I/ T VNG

<MIRUKU> : sa

<tabemasu> : n

<JU-SU> : nc tri cy

<nomimasu> : ung

<BI-RU> : bia

<suimasu> : ht

<(o)sake> : ru sake

<tabako o suimasu> : ht thuc

<SAKKA-> : bng

<mimasu> : xem

<TENISU> : tenis

<kikimasu> : nghe

CD <CD> : a CD

<yomimasu> : c

<BIDEO> : bng video

<kakimasu> :vit, v

<nani> : ci g

<kaimasu> : mua

<sorekara> : sau

<torimasu> : chp

16

<chotto> : mt cht

<shashin o torimasu> : chp hnh

<mise> : tim, qun

<shimasu> : lm, chi

<RESUTORAN> : nh hng

<aimasu> : gp

<tegami> : th

<tomodachi ni aimasu> : gp bn

<REPO-TO> : bi bo co

<gohan> : cm

<tokidoki> : thnh thong

<asagohan> : ba sng

<itsumo> : thng, lc no cng

<hirugohan> : ba tra

<ishshoni> : cng nhau

<bangohan> : ba ti

<iidesune> : c, tt nh

<PAN> : bnh m

<ee> : vng

<tamago> : trng

<kouen> : cng vin

<niku> : tht

<nandesuka> : ci g vy ?

<sakana> : c

<(o)hanami> : vic ngm hoa

<yasai> : rau

<oosakajoukouen> : tn cng vin

NGU PHAP TIENG NHAT

<wakarimashita> : hiu ri

V d :

<ja, mata> : hn gp li

<ashita watashi wa ishshoni RESUTORAN de hirugohan o tabemasen ka>

II/ NG PHP - MU CU

(Ngy mai ti vi bn cng i n tra nh hng nh? )

ng :

1/ Ng Php : itsumo> ( Lc no cng..... )

<ee, tabamashou><Vng, c thi>

Dng th hin ti, ch mt thi quen thng xuyn.

Khng ng : ...)

Cu trc :

<tabemasen, (chotto....)>

thi gian + Ch ng + <wa> + <itsumo> + <nani>,

[Khng c (v g ....)]

<doko> + <o>, <e> + ng t

Lu : Cng c th thm vo cc yu t nh : vi ai, u... cho cu thm

V d :

phong ph.

<watashi wa itsumo asagohan o tabemasu>

( Ti th lc no cng n ba sng lc 6h sng )

BI7

Lu : C th thm vo cc yu t nh : vi ai, u... cho cu thm phong

IT VNG

ph.

<kirimasu> : ct

V d : Phan nh Phng

<okurimasu> : gi

17

<agemasu> : tng

<watashi wa itsumo tomodachi to Phan nh Phng KURAZU de SAKKA- o

<moraimasu> : nhn

shimasu>

<kashimasu> : cho mn

(Ti th lc no cng chi banh vi bn b cu lc b Phan nh Phng)

<karimasu> : mn
<oshiemasu>

2/ Ng Php : ishshoni> (Cng nhau)

<naraimasu> : hc

Dng mi mt ai lm vic g cng vi mnh.

<kakemasu> :gi in

Cu trc :

<[denwa o kakemasu]> : gi in thoi

Cu hi : (thi gian) + Ch ng + <wa> + <ishshoni> + ni chn +

<te> : tay

<de> + <nani>; <doko> + <o>; <e>; <ni> + ng t +

<hashi> : a

<masen ka>

<SUPU-N> : mung

Cu tr li :

<NAIFU> : dao

ng : <ee>, ng t + <mashou>

<FO-KU> : na

Khng ng : V + <masen> (....<chotto....>

<hasami> : ko

 <FAKUSU> <(FAKKUSU)> : my fax

<(wa) ikagadesuka> : c c khng ?

<WA-PURO> : my nh ch

<itadakimasu> : cho ti nhn

<PASOKON> : my tnh c nhn

<ryokou> : du lch

<PANCHI> : ci bm l

<omiyage> : qu c sn

<HOCHCHIKISU> : ci bm giy

<YO-ROPPA> : Chu u

<SEROTE-PU> : bng keo

<keshiGOMU> : cc gm

Lu : t <hashi> c hai ngha. Mt ngha l a, ngha cn li l cy cu.

<kami> : giy ( tc )

phn bit nu ngha l a th c xung ging (ging nh hch x vy ),

<hana> : hoa (ci mi)

cn ci kia th c ln ging. Cn <kami> cng c hai ngha l tc v giy,

<SHATSU> : o s mi

nhng mnh khng bit cch phn bit, chc da vo ngha ca cu. T

<PUREZENTO> : qu tng

<hana> th cng tng t nh <hashi> ngha l ln ging l hoa, cn

<nimotsu> : hnh l

xung ging th l ci mi

<okane> : tin
<kippu> : v

II\ NG PHP - MU CU

<KURISUMASU> : l Noel

Mu cu 1:

<chichi> : cha ti

18

Cu trc: <dougu> + <de> + <nani> + <o> + V <Vmasu>

<haha> : m ti
<otousan> : b ca bn

Cch dng: Lm g bng dng c g .

<okaasan> : m ca bn

V d:

<mou> : ri

<mada> : cha

<watashi wa hasami de kami o kirimasu>

<korekara> : t by gi

[Ti ct tc bng ko ( hoc ct giy cng c )]

<sutekidesune> : tuyt vi qu nh

<gomenkudasai> : xin li c ai nh khng ?

<kinou anata wa nan de bangohan o tabemashita ka)

<irashshai> : anh (ch) n chi

(Hm qua bn n cm ti bng g th ?) (V duyn qu )

<douzo oagari kudasai>: xin mi anh (ch) vo

<kinou watashi wa hashi de bangohan o tabemashita>

nh

(Hm qua ti n cm ti bng a.)

<shitsureishimasu> : xin li, lm phin

Mu cu 2:

NGU PHAP TIENG NHAT

Cu trc: <wa> + <kongo>+ <de> + <nan desuka>

+ Cu hi:
<mou> + <nani> + <o> + V <Vmashita ka>

Cch dng: Dng hi xem mt t no theo ngn ng no c l g.

+Tr li:

V d:

Good bye

<hai, mou Vmashita>

Good bye wa nihongo de nan desuka

(Good bye ting Nht l g th ?)

<iie, mada desu>

Good bye
Good bye wa ni hon go de sayoinara desu

Cch dng:Dng hi mt ai lm cng vic no cha

(Good bye ting Nht l sayounara)

V d:

Mu cu 3:

<anata wa mou bangohan o tabemashita ka>

Cu trc: <dare> + <ni> + <nani> + <o> + <agemasu>

(Bn n cm ti cha ?)

Cch dng: Khi tng ai ci g

V d:

<hai, mou tabemashita>

19

(Vng, ti n ri)

<watashi wa tomodachi ni PUREZENTO o agemasu>

(Ti tng qu cho bn)

<iie, mada desu>

(Khng, ti cha n)

Mu cu 4:
Cu trc: <dare> + <ni> + <nani> + <o> +

Lu :

<moraimasu>

+S khc nhau gia hai ng t <benkyoushimasu> v

Cch dng: Dng ni khi mnh nhn mt ci g t ai .

<naraimasu> u c ngha l hc. Nhng

V d:

<benkyoushimasu> ngha l t hc, cn <naraimasu> th c ngha

l hc t ai , c ngi no truyn t.

<watashi wa tomodachi ni hana o moraimasu>

+C th thm vo cc yu t hc nh u, dp g...... cho cu thm sng

(Ti nhn hoa t bn b)

ng. V vi ng t <kashimasu>: cho mn; <karimasu>:

Mu cu 5:

mn, <oshiemasu> : dy v <naraimasu> : hc th cc

Cu trc:

mu cu cng tng t nh vy.

+Nu cu ting Vit ca mnh v d l :

<tsumetai> : (nc ) lnh

"Bn ti cho ti mn qu" th khi bn vit ra ting Nht th phi vit l "Ti nhn

<atsui> : (tri) nng

mn qu t bn ti" ch khng th vit l "Bn ti cho ti mn qu" v i vi

<samui> : (tri) lnh

ngi Nht th l iu bt lch s. i vi ngi Nht th h lun ni l h

<muzukashii> : (bi tp) kh

nhn ch khng bao gi ni l ngi khc cho mnh.

<yasashii> : (bi tp) d

+() <dougu> : dng c

<kibishii> : nghim khc

<kongo> : ngn ng

<yasashii> : du dng, hin t

<takai> : t

BI8

<yasui> : r

I. T VNG

<hikui> : thp

<minikui> : Xu

<takai> : cao

<HANSAMUna> : p trai

<omoshiroi> : th v

<kireina> : (cnh) p, p (gi), sch

<tsumaranai> : chn

<shizukana> : yn tnh

<oishii> : ngon

<nigiyakana> : nhn nhp

<mazui> : d

<yuumeina> : ni ting

20

<tanoshii> : vui v

<shinsetsuna> : t t

<shiroi> : trng

<genkina> : khe

<kuroi> : en

<himana> : rnh ri

<akai> :

<isogashii> : bn rn

<aoi> : xanh

<benrina> : tin li

<sakura> : hoa anh o

<sutekina> : tuyt vi

<yama> : ni

<ookii> : to ln

<machi> : thnh ph

<chiisai> : nh

<tabemono> : thc n

<atarashii> : mi

<tokoro> : ch

<furui> : c

<ryou> : k tc x

<ii> : tt

<benkyou> : hc tp ( danh t )

<warui> : xu

<seikatsu> : cuc sng

<atsui> : (tr) nng

() <(o)shigoto> : cng vic

NGU PHAP TIENG NHAT

<dou> : nh th no

1. Tnh t <na>

<donna> : no

a. Th khng nh hin ti:

<dore> : ci no

Khi nm trong cu, th ng sau tnh t l t <desu>

<totemo> : rt

V d:

() <amarimasen(kunai)> : khnglm

<soshite> : v

<Bo san wa shinsetsu desu.>

<ga,> : nhng

(Bo th t t )

<ogenki desu ka> : c khe khng ?

<sou desu ne> : nh

<kono heya wa kirei desu.>

<fujisan> : Ni Ph S

(Cn phng ny th sch s.)

<biwako> : h Biwaco
<SHANHAI> : Thng Hi

b. Th ph nh hin ti:

<shichi nin no samurai> : by ngi v s o (tn phim)

khi nm trong cu th ng sau tnh t s l cm t <ja

<kinkakuji> : tn cha

arimasen>, khng c <desu>

<naremasu> : quen

V d:

<nihon no seikatsu ni naremashita ka>:

21

quen vi cuc sng Nht Bn cha ?

<A san wa shinsetsu ja arimasen>

<mou ippai ikaga desu ka> : Thm mt ly na nh

(A th khng t t.)

<iie, kekkou desu> : thi, ri

<kono heya wa kirei ja arimasen>

<sorosoro, shitsureishimasu> : n lc ti phi v

(Cn phng ny th khng sch s.)

<mata irashshatte kudasai>: ln sau li n

chi nh.

c. Th khng nh trong qu kh

II. NG PHP - MU CU

Khi nm trong cu th ng sau tnh t s l cm t <deshita>

By gi chng ta s bt u lm quen vi tnh t trong ting Nht

Trong Ting Nht c hai loi tnh t :

<A san wa genki deshita>

+ <ikeiyoushi> : tnh t <i>

(A th khe.)

+ <nakeiyoushi> : tnh t <na>

V d:

<B san wa yuumei deshita>

(Thnh ph H Ch Minh l mt thnh ph nhn nhp.)

(B th ni ting.)

Quc
<Quc san wa HANSAMU na hito desu>

d. Th ph nh trong qu kh

<Quc l mt ngi p trai >

Khi nm trong cu th ng sau tnh t s l cm t

Tc dng: Lm nhn mnh ca cu.

<ja arimasen deshita>

2 Tnh t <i>

V d:

a. Th khng nh hin ti:

Khi nm trong cu, th ng sau tnh t l t <desu>

<A san wa genki ja arimasen deshita>

V d:

(A th khng khe.)

<kono tokei wa atarashii desu>

<B san wa yuumei ja arimasen deshita>

(Ci ng h ny th mi.)

(B th khng ni ting.)

Lu :Khi tnh t <na> i trong cu m ng sau n khng c g c th chng

<watashi no sensei wa yasashii desu>

ta khng vit ch <na> vo.

(C gio ca ti th du dng.)

V d:

22

b. Th ph nh hin ti:

<A san wa genki ja arimasen deshita>

Khi ph nh, tnh t <i> s b <i> i v thm vo <kunai>vn c

(A th khng khe.)

<desu>

ng: v khng c ch <na> ng sau tnh t.

V d:

<A san wa genki na ja arimasen deshita>

<BETONAMU no tabemono wa taka kunai desu>

Sai: v c ch <na> ng sau tnh t.

(Thc n ca Vit Nam th khng mc.)

cu trn, tnh t<takai> b <i> thm <kunai> thnh

e. Theo sau tnh t l danh t chung

<taka kunai>

Khi ng sau tnh t l danh t chung th mi xut hin ch <na>

V d:

c. Th khng nh trong qu kh

th ny, tnh t <i> s b <i> i v thm vo <katta>, vn c

<Ho Chi Minh shi wa nigiyaka na machi desu>

<desu>

NGU PHAP TIENG NHAT

V d:

f. Tnh t <i> c bit

<kinou watashi wa totemo isogashi katta desu>

chnh l tnh t <ii> ngha l tt. Khi i sang ph nh trong hin ti,

(Ngy hm qua ti rt bn.)

khng nh qu kh, ph nh qu kh th <ii> s i thnh <yo>,

cu trn, tnh t <isogashii> b <i> thm <katta>

cn khng nh hin ti th vn bnh thng.

thnh <isogashi katta>

V d:
<ii desu>: khng nh hin ti

d. Th ph nh trong qu kh

<yo kunai desu>: ph nh trong hin ti

th ny, tnh t <i> s b <i> i v thm vo <kuna katta>, vn

<yo katta desu>: khng nh qu kh

c <desu>

<yo kuna katta desu>: ph nh qu kh

V d:

3. Cch s dng <amari> v <totemo>

<kinou watashi wa isogashi kuna katta desu>

a. <amari>: c dng din t trng thi ca tnh t, lun i cng vi

(Ngy hm qua ti khng bn.)

th ph nh ca tnh t c ngha l khng...lm.

cu trn, tnh t<isogashii> b <i> thm <kuna

V d:

katta> thnh <isogashi kuna katta>

23

Tnh t <na>
A

Lu : i vi tnh t <i> khi nm trong cu th khng nh u vit nguyn

<A san wa amari HANSAMU ja arimasen>

dng.

(Anh A th khng c p trai lm.)

V d: <isogashii> khi nm trong cu th khng nh vn l

Tnh t <i>

<isogashii>

<nihon no tabemono wa amari oishi kunai desu>

e. Theo sau tnh t l danh t chung

(Thc n ca Nht Bn th khng c ngon lm.)

Khi ng sau tnh t l danh t chung th vn gi nguyn ch <i>

V d:

b. <totemo>: c dng din t trng thi ca tnh t, lun i cng

vi th khng nh ca tnh t c ngha l rt.....

<fujisan wa takai yama desu>

V d:

( Ni Ph S l mt ngn ni cao.)

Tnh t <na>

Tc dng: Lm nhn mnh ca cu.

<kono uta wa totemo suteki desu>

<Bi ht ny tht tuyt vi>

<Fujisan wa donna yama desu ka>

Tnh t <i>

(Ni Ph S l mt ngn ni nh th no vy?)

<kono jidousha wa totemo takai desu>

<Fujisan wa takai yama desu>

<Chic xe hi ny th rt mc.)

(Ni Ph S l mt ngn ni cao.)

4. Cc mu cu

Cn lu l khi trong cu hi t hi l <donna> th khi tr li bt buc

a. Mu cu 1:

bn phi c danh t chung i theo sau tnh t <i> hoc <na> theo nh ng

S + <wa> + <dou> + <desu ka>

php mc e ca hai phn 1 v 2.

Cch dng: Dng hi mt vt hay mt ngi no (t khi dng) c tnh

c. Mu cu 3:

cht nh th no.

<hito> + <no> + <mono> + <wa> + <dore> + <desu

V d:

ka>

Cch dng: Dng hi trong mt ng vt th ci no l ca ngi .

<fujisan wa dou desu ka>

V d:

<Ni Ph S th trng nh th no vy?>

24

<A san no kaban wa dore desu ka>

<fujisan wa takai desu>

<Ci cp no l ca anh A vy ?>

<Ni Ph S th cao.)

.......

b. Mu cu 2:

<......kono kiiroi kaban desu>

S + <wa> + <donna> + danh t chung + <desu ka>

<.......ci cp mu vng ny y.>

Cch dng: Dng hi mt ni no , hay mt quc gia no , hay ai c

tnh cht nh th no (tng t nh mu cu trn nhng nhn mnh hn)

d. Mu cu 4:

V d:

S + <wa> + Adj 1 + <desu> + <soshite> + Adj2 + <desu>

Cch dng: <soshite> l t dng ni hai tnh t cng (r vi ngon ;

<A san wa donna hito desu ka>

p vi sch ; t vi d.....) vi nhau, c ngha l khng nhng... m cn....

(Anh A l mt ngi nh th no vy ?)

V d:

<A san wa shinsetsu na hito desu>

<HO CHIMINH shi wa nigiyaka desu, soshite kirei desu>

(Anh A l mt ngi t t.)

<Thnh ph H Ch Minh khng ch nhn nhp m cn sch s na.>

NGU PHAP TIENG NHAT

A

<DANSU> : khiu v

<A san wa minikui desu, soshite warui desu>

<ongaku> : m nhc

<Anh A khng nhng xu trai m cn xu bng na.>

<uta> : bi ht
<KURASHIKKU> : nhc c in

e. Mu cu 5:

<JAZU> : nhc jazz

S + <wa> + Adj1 + <desu> + <ga> + Adj2 + <desu>

<KONSA-TO> : bui ha nhc

Cch dng: Mu cu ny tri ngc vi mu cu trn l dng ni hai tnh t

<KARAOKE> : karaoke

m mt bn l khen v mt no , cn bn kia th ch mt no (r nhng

<kabuki> : nhc kabuki ca Nht

d ; p trai nhng xu bng........).

<e> : tranh

V d:

<ji> : ch

<kanji> : ch Hn

<B san wa HANSAMU desu ga, warui desu>

<hiragana> : Ch Hiragana

<Anh B tuy p trai nhng m xu bng.>

<katakana> : ch Katakana

<RO-MAji> : ch romaji

<betonamu no tabemono wa takai desu ga, oishii desu>

<komakaiokane> : tin l

<Thc n ca Vit Nam tuy mc nhng m ngon.>

25

<CHIKETTO> : v
<jikan> : thi gian

BI9

<youji> : vic ring

I. T VNG

<yakusoku> : hn

<wakarimasu> : hiu

<goshujin> : chng (ca ngi khc)

<arimasu> : c ( vt)

/ <otto / shujin> : chng (ca mnh)

<sukina>: thch

<okusan> : v (ca ngi khc)

<kiraina> : ght

/ <tsuma / kanai> : v (ca mnh)

<jouzuna>: .....gii

<kodomo> : tr con

<hetana> : ......d

( <yoku (wakarimasu)> : (hiu) r

<ryouri> : vic nu nng thc n

<daigaku> : i hc

<nomimono> : thc ung

<takusan> : nhiu

<SUPO-TSU> : th thao

<sukoshi> : mt cht

<yakyuu> : d cu

<zenzen~nai> : hon ton~khng

 <daitai> : i khi

<hai, nihongo no jisho ga arimasu>

() <hayaku (kaerimasu)> : (v) sm

(Vng, ti c t in ting Nht)

<hayaku> : nhanh

Quc

<~kara> : ~v, do

<Quc kun wa jitensha ga arimasu ka>

<doushite> : ti sao

(Quc c xe p khng?)

<zannen desu ne> : ng tic tht

<moshimoshi> : alo

<iie, jitensha ga arimasen>

<ishshoni~ikaga desu ka> cng...c c khng?

(Khng, ti khng c xe p)

() ..... <(~wa) chotto......> : th...(ng khng c)

*Ng php - Mu cu 2:

<dame desu ka> : khng c phi khng ?

Ng php:

<matakondo onegaishimasu> : hn k sau

Danh t + +

II. NG PHP - MU CU

Danh t + <ga> + (tnh cht) <wakarimasu> : hiu vn g ...

*Ng php - Mu cu 1:

Danh t + <ga> + (tnh cht) <wakarimasen>: khng hiu vn g ...

Ng php:

Danh t + +

26

Mu cu:

+ +

+ danh t + +

<mono ( vt)> + <ga> + (tnh cht) <arimasu> : c ci g ...

<~wa> + danh t + <ga> +<wakarimasu ka> : ai c hiu ci vn no

+ +

khng ?

<mono ( vt)> + <ga> + (tnh cht) <arimasen>: khng c ci g ...

V d:
Bo

Mu cu:

<Bo kun wa nihongo ga wakarimasu ka>

+ + +

(Bo c hiu ting Nht khng ?)

<~wa> + <mono ( vt)> + <ga> + <arimasu ka> : ai c ci g khng ?

V d:

<hai, watashi wa nihongo ga sukoshi wakarimasu>

Lan

(Vng, ti hiu cht cht>

<Lan chan wa nihongo no jisho ga arimasu ka>

Quc

(Lan c t in ting Nht khng?)

<Quc kun wa kankokugo ga wakarimasu ka>

(Quc c hiu ting Hn Quc khng ?)

NGU PHAP TIENG NHAT

(Khng, ti khng thch karaoke lm)

<iie, watashi wa kankokugo ga zenzen wakarimasen>

Ch : Cc bn nn hn ch dng <kirai> v t kh nhy cm vi

(Khng, ti hon ton khng hiu)

ngi Nht, nu cc bn ch hi khng thch th nn dng ph nh ca

*Ng php - Mu cu 3:

<suki> l <suki ja arimasen> cng vi <amari>

Ng php:

gim mc ca cu ni , tr khi mnh qu ght th .

Danh t + + +

*Ng php - Mu cu 4:

Danh t + <ga> + (tnh cht) <suki> + <desu> : thch ci g ...

Ng php:

Danh t + + +

Danh t + + +

Danh t +<ga> + (tnh cht) <kirai> +<desu> : ght ci g ...

Danh t + <ga> + (tnh cht) <jouzu> + <desu> : gii ci g ...

Danh t + + +

Mu cu:

Danh t + <ga> + (tnh cht) <heta> + <desu> : d ci g ...

+ danh t + + +

Mu cu:

<~wa> + danh t + <ga> + <suki> + <desu ka> : ai c thch ci g hay

+ danh t + + +

khng ?

<~wa> + danh t + <ga> + <jouzu> + <desu ka> : ai c gii v ci g

+ danh t + + +

khng ?

<~wa> + danh t + <ga> + <kirai> + <desu ka> : ai c ght ci g khng ?

27

+ danh t + + +
<~wa> + danh t + <ga> + <heta> + <desu ka> : ai c d v ci g

V d:

khng ?

Long

V d:

<Long kun wa nihongo ga suki desu ka>

(Long c thch ting Nht khng ?)

<B san wa nihongo ga jouzu desu ka>

(B c gii ting Nht khng ?)

<hai, watashi wa nihongo ga totemo suki desu>

(Vng, ti rt thch ting Nht)

<iie, B san wa nihongo ga amari jouzu ja arimasen>

(Khng, B khng gii ting Nht lm)

<A san wa KARAOKE ga suki desu ka>

(A c thch karaoke khng ?)

<A san wa SUPO-TSU ga jouzu desu ka>

(A c gii th thao khng ?)

<iie, watashi wa KARAOKE ga amari suki ja arimasen>

<hai, A san wa SUPO-TSU ga totemo jouzu desu>

<watashi wa nihongo no hon wo kaimasu>

(Vng, anh A rt gii th thao)

(Nn ti mua sch ting Nht)

Ch : tng t nh trn, cc bn cng nn trnh dng <heta> v n c th

gy mch lng ngi khc y. Ch nn dng ph nh ca <jouzu>

<watashi wa okane ga takusan arimasu kara>

cng vi <amari> l <amari jouzu ja

(Bi v ti c nhiu tin)

arimasen> tr khi ngi qu d.

*Ng php - Mu cu 5:

<watashi wa kuruma wo kaimasu>

Cu hi ti sao: <doushite~ka>

(Nn ti mua xe hi)

Cu tr li bi v:~<~kara>

*Ng php - Mu cu 7:

V d:

Ch ng + + danh t chung + + / +

Ch ng + <donna> + danh t chung + <ga> + <jouzu>/<suki> + <desu ka> : Ai

<kesa A san wa gakkou e ikimasen deshi ta>

c gii/thch v mt loi ca mt lnh vc no .

(Sng nay A khng n trng)

V d:

Bui ti, B sang nh hi A :

A /

B:

<A san wa donna SUPO-TSU ga suki / jouzu desu ka>

B:<doushite kesa gakkou e ikimasen deshi ta ka><Ti sao sng nay bn khng

28

(Anh A thch/gii loi th thao no ?)

n trng?>

A:

<watashi wa SAKKA- ga suki / jouzu desu>

A:<watashi wa genki ja arimasen deshi ta kara>

(Ti thch/gii bng )

(Bi v ti khng khe)

*Ng php - Mu cu 6:

BAI10

V l do g nn lm ci g .

I. T VNG

,~+ danh t + V

<imasu> : c (ng vt)

<~kara>, <~wa> + danh t + <wo> + <Vmasu>

<arimasu> : c ( vt)

V d:

<iroirona> : nhiu loi

<otoko no hito> : ngi n ng, con trai

<watashi wa nihongo no hon ga arimasen kara>

<onna no hito> : ngi ph n, con gi

(Bi v ti khng c sch ting Nht>

<inu> : con ch

<neko> : con mo

NGU PHAP TIENG NHAT

<ki> : cy

<chikaku> : ch gn y

<mono> : vt

<tono aida> : giav

() <FIRUMU><(FUIRUMU)> : cun phim

() <ya(nado)> : chng hnhay (hoc)

<denchi> : cc pin

<ichiban> : nht

<hako> : ci hp

<danme> : ngn th

<SUICHCHI> : cng tc in

() <(doumo) sumimasen> : xin li

<reizouko> : t lnh

: pha trong

<TE-BURU> : bn trn

<CHIRISO-SU> : tng t

<BEDDO> : ci ging

<SUPAISUKO-NA-> : quy gia v

<tana> : ci k
<DOA> : ca ra vo

II. NG PHP - MU CU

<mado> : ca s

*Ng Php - Mu Cu 1:

<POSUTO> : thng th

Ng Php:

<BIRU> : ta nh cao tng

Noun + +

<kouen> : cng vin

Noun + <ga> + <imasu> : c ai , c con g

<kissaten> : qun nc

29

<honya> : tim sch

Mu Cu:

<ya> : hiu, sch

<noriba> : bn xe, bn ga, tu

<doko> + <ni> + <dare> + <ga> + <imasu ka> : u c ai vy ?

<ken> : huyn (tng ng tnh ca VN)

<ue> : trn

V d:

<shita> : di

<mae> : trc

<kouen ni dare ga imasu ka>

<ushiro> : sau

(Trong cng vin c ai vy ?)

<migi> : bn phi

<hidari> : bn tri

<kouen ni otoko no hito to onna no hito ga futari imasu>

<naka> : bn trong

(Trong cng vin c mt ngi n ng v mt ngi n b )

<soto> : bn ngoi

*Ng Php - Mu Cu 2:

<tonari> : bn cnh

Ng Php:

Cu hi c ci g hay ai khng ?

(Trong cng vin khng c ai c)

/ + + /

Tr t <ka>

<dare / nani> + <ka> + <imasu ka / arimasu ka>

/ /

i vi lai cu hi ny, cu tr li bt buc phi l:

<kissaten ni dare / nani ka imasu ka / arimasu ka>

(Trong qun nc c ai / vt g khng ?)

<hai, imasu / arimasu>

hoc l:

<hai, imasu / arimasu>

(Vng c)

<iie, imasen / arimasen>

hoc l:
, /

Ch :

<iie, imasen / arimasen>

Cc bn cn phn bit cu hi tr t <ga> v <ka> i vi ng t

(Khng c)

<imasu> v <arimasu>

*Ng Php - Mu Cu 3:

Cu hi c tr t <ga> l yu cu cu tr li phi l k ra (nu c) hoc nu

Ng Php:

khng c th phi tr li l:

<shita (bn di)> <ue ( trn)>

/ /
<nani / dare mo arimasen / imasen>

30

<mae (ng trc)><ushiro (ng sau>

<migi (bn phi)><hidari (bn tri)>
<naka (bn trong)><soto (bn ngoi)>

V d:

<tonari (bn cnh)> <chikaku (ch gn y)>

Tr t <ga>

<aida ( gia)>

Nhng t trn l nhng t ch v tr

<kouen ni dare ga imasu ka>

+ + t xc nh v tr + + / + + /

(Trong cng vin c ai vy ?)

<tokoro> + <no> + t xc nh v tr + <ni> + <dare> / <nani> + <ga> + <imasu

ka / arimasu ka> : u c ai hay vt g, con g

<kouen ni otoko no hito to onna no hito ga futari imasu>

(Trong cng vin c mt ngi n ng v mt ngi n b )

V d:

hoc l:

<sono hako no naka ni nani ga arimasu ka>

<kouen ni dare mo imasen>

(Trong ci hp kia c ci g vy ?)

NGU PHAP TIENG NHAT

()<ya(nado)> : Chng hn nh....

<sono hako no naka ni hasami ga arimasu>
(Trong ci hp kia c ci ko)

V d:

<kono kyoushitsu no naka ni nani ga arimasu ka>

<anata no kokoro no naka ni dare ga imasu ka>

(Trong phng hc ny c ci g vy ?)

(Trong tri tim ca bn c ngi no khng ?)

Cch 1:

<watashi no kokoro no naka ni dare mo imasen>

(Trong tri tim ti khng c ai c)

<kono kyoushitsu no naka ni tsukue to hon to enpitsu to kaban to jisho ga

*Ng Php - Mu Cu 4:

arimasu>

Ng Php:

(Trong phng hc ny c bn, sch, bt ch, cp, t in.)

Mu cu <arimasu> v <imasu> khng c tr t <ga>

Cch 2:

Ch ng (ng vt, vt) + ni chn + + t ch v tr +

<kono kyoushitsu no naka ni tsukue ya hon nado ga arimasu>

Ch ng (ng vt, vt) + ni chn + <no> + t ch v tr + <ni> +

<arimasu> / <imasu>

31

(Trong phng hc ny c nhiu th chng hn nh bn, sch...)

Nh vy cch dng ()<ya(nado)> dng rt ngn cu tr li,
khng cn phi lit k ht ra.

V d:

*Ng Php - Mu Cu 6:

Ng Php:

<HANOI shi wa doko ni arimasu ka>

Danh t 1 + + Danh t 2 + + Danh t 3 + + + +

(Thnh ph H Ni u vy ?)

Danh t 1 + <wa> + Danh t 2 + <to> + Danh t 3 + <no> + <aida> + <ni> +

<HANOI shi wa betonamu ni arimasu>

<arimasu> / <imasu>

(Thnh ph H Ni Vit Nam)

Hoc:

Khi vt no hay ai l ch ng th sau ni chn v trc ng t

Danh t 2 + + Danh t 3 + + + + Danh t 3 + +

<arimasu> v <imasu> khng cn tr t <ga>

*Ng Php - Mu Cu 5:

Danh t 2 + <to> + Danh t 3 + <no> + <aida> + <ni> + Danh t 3 + <ga> +

Ng Php:

<arimasu> / <imasu>

 <nin> : ngi
V d:

<dai> : ci, chic (my mc)

<mai> : t, (nhng vt mng nh o, giy...)

<kissaten wa honya to hanaya no aida ni arimasu>

<kai> : ln, tng lu

(Qun nc th gia tim sch v tim hoa)

<ringo> : qu to

Hoc:

<mikan> : qut

<SANDOICHCHI> : sandwich

<honya to hanaya no aida ni kissaten ga arimasu>

() <KARE (RAISU)> : (cm) c ri

( gia tim sch v tim bn hoa c mt qun nc)

<AISUKURI MU> : kem

<kitte> : tem

BI11

<hagaki> : bu thip

I T VNG

<fuutou> : phong b

<imasu> : c (ng vt)

<sokutatsu> : chuyn pht nhanh

[] [nihon ni imasu] : Nht Bn

<kakitome> :gi bo m

<kakarimasu> : mt, tn

<EAME RU> : (gi bng) ng hng khng

<yasumimasu> :ngh ngi

32

<funabin> : gi bng ng tu

<hitotsu> : 1 ci ( vt)

<ryoushin> : b m

<futatsu> : 2 ci

<kyoudai> : anh em

<mittsu> : 3 ci

<ani> : anh trai (ti)

<yottsu> : 4 ci

<oniisan> : anh trai (bn)

<itsutsu> : 5 ci

<ane> : ch gi (ti)

<muttsu> : 6 ci

<oneesan> : ch gi (bn)

<nanatsu> : 7 ci

<otouto> : em trai (ti)

<yattsu> : 8 ci

<otoutosan> : em trai (bn)

<kokonotsu> : 9 ci

<imouto> : em gi (ti)

<too> : 10 ci

<imoutosan> : em gi (bn)

<ikutsu> : bao nhiu ci

<gaikoku> : nc ngoi

<hitori> : 1 ngi

<jikan> : ting, gi ng h

<futari> : 2 ngi

<shuukan> : tun

NGU PHAP TIENG NHAT

<kagetsu> : thng

<ima, kouen no naka ni otoko no hito ga hitori imasu>

<nen> : nm

(By gi trong cng vin c mt ngi n ng.)

<gurai> : khong

<donokurai> : bao lu

<watashi wa SHATSU ga ni mai arimasu>

<zenbude> : tt c, ton b

(Ti c hai ci o s mi.)

<minna> : mi ngi

Mu Cu - Ng Php 2:

<dake> : ch
<irashshaimase> : xin mi qy khch

* Ng Php:

() <ii (o)tenki desu ne> : tri p qu nh !

Yu cu ai a cho mnh ci g : <wo> + <kudasai>

<odekake desu ka> : i ra ngoi y h ?

* Mu Cu:

<chotto made> : nmt cht

Danh t + <wo> + s lng + <kudasai>

<itteirashshai> : (anh) i nh (lch s hn)

* V d:

<itterashshai> : (anh) i nh

<kami wo ni mai kudasai>

<itte mairimasu> : (ti) i y (lch s hn)

(a cho ti hai t giy, lm n)

<itte kimasu> : (ti) i y

Mu Cu - Ng Php 3:

<sorekara> : sau

33

* Ng Php:

<O SUTORARIA> : nc c

Trong khong thi gian lm c vic g : tr t<ni>

II NG PHP - MU CU

* Mu Cu:
Khong thi gian + <ni> + V <V masu>

Mu Cu - Ng Php 1:
* Ng Php:

* V d:

V tr ca s lng trong cu : ng sau tr t <ga>, <wo>

<ish shuukan ni san kai nihon go wo benkyoushi masu>

* Mu Cu:

(Ti hc ting Nht mt tun ba ln.)

Danh t + + / / / / ... + /

Mu Cu - Ng Php 4:

Danh t + <ga> + <tsu / nin / dai / mai / kai...> + arimasu / imasu

* Ng Php:
<dono kurai> c s dng hi khong thi gian lm ci g

* V d:

<gurai> t sau s lng c ngha l khong bao nhiu .

* Mu Cu:

(Gia nh ti c 4 ngi.)

<dono kurai> + danh t + <wo> + V <V masu>

danh t + <ga> + s lng + <gurai> + / <arimasu /

BI12

imasu>

II NG PHP

* V d:

* Ng php 1:

Long

Gii thiu v cch s dng Tnh t <i>, Tnh t <na>

<Long san wa dono kurai nihon go wo benkyoushi mashita ka>

( Xin xem li BI 8 )

(Anh Long hc ting Nht c bao lu ri ?)

* Ng php 2:

C php ca cu so snh hn:

< san nen benkyoushi mashita>

Noun 1 + + Noun 2 + + Adj +

(Ti hc ting Nht c 3 nm)

Noun 1 + <wa> + Noun 2 + <yori> + Adj + <desu>

<kono gakkou ni sensei ga sanjuu nin gurai imasu>

* V d:

(Trong trng ny c khong ba mi gio vin.)

Lu : Cch dng cc t hi s lng cng tng t tc l cc t hi vn

<BETONAMU ryouri wa nihon ryouri yori yasui desu>

ng sau tr t.

34

(Thc n ca Vit Nam th r hn thc n Nht Bn)

* V d:

<anata no uchi ni TEREBI ga nan dai

<kono kuruma wa ano kurama yori ookii desu>

arimasu ka>

(Chic xe hi ny th ln hn chic xe hi kia)

(Nh ca bn c bao nhiu ci ti vi ?)

* Ng php 3:

<watashi no uchi ni TEREBI ga ichi dai dake arimasu>

C php ca cu hi so snh:

(Nh ca ti ch c mt ci ti vi.)

Noun 1 + + Noun 2 + + + + Adj +

Noun 1 + <to> + Noun 2 + <to> + <dochira> + <ga> + Adj + <desu ka>

<A san no gokazoku ni hito ga nan nin imasu ka>

(Gia nh ca anh A c bao nhiu ngi vy ?)

C php ca cu tr li:

Noun + + + + Adj +

<watashi no kazoku ni hito ga yo nin imasu>

Noun + <no> + <hou> + <ga> + Adj + <desu ka>

NGU PHAP TIENG NHAT

* V d:

<kazoku de chichi ga ichiban sega takai desu>

A B

(Trong gia nh th cha ti l ngi cao nht)

<A san to B san to dochira ga HANSAMU desu ka>

(Gia anh A v anh B th ai p trai hn ?)

BI13

II NG PHP

<A san no hou ga HANSAMU desu>

* Ng php 1:

(Anh A p trai hn)

+ + + + ()
<Mono> ( vt) + <ga> + <hoshii> + <desu> + <(ka)>

* Ng php 4:

Cch dng: Dng biu th mun c mt ci g .

C php ca cu so snh nht:

<doko>

V d:

<itsu>

<dare>

<ima, anata wa nani ga hoshii desu ka>

Noun + <de> + <nani> + <ga> + <ichiban> + Adj +

(By gi bn mun ci g ?)

<desu ka>
<dore> <.......>

35

<watashi wa PAN ga hoshii desu>
(Ti mun c mt bnh m.)

* V d:

* Ng php 2:

<BETONAMU de doko ga ichiban nigiyaka desu ka>

+ (, ) + V + + ()

( Vit Nam th ni no l nhn nhp nht vy ?)

<Nani> + <ga(wo, e)> + V<tai> + <desu> + <(ka)>

ng t trng ng php ny c ui l <tai>, cch i nh sau:

<BETONAMU de HO-CHIMIN shi ga ichiban nigiyaka desu>

( Vit Nam th thnh ph H Ch Minh l nhn nhp nht)

b <masu> thm <tai>

<tabe masu> --------------> <tabe> ---------------> <tabe

tai> : mun n

<gokazoku de dare ga ichiban sega takai desu ka>

<ne masu> --------------> <ne> ---------------> <ne tai> : mun ng

(Trong gia nh bn th ai l ngi cao nht?)

Cch dng: Ni ln c mun c lm g .

V d:

V d:

<watashi wa tomodachi ga hoshi kunai desu>

(Ti khng mun c bn.) (C n )

<ashita, anata wa nani wo shitai desu ka>

(Bn mun lm g vo ngy mai ?)

<watashi wa PAN ga tabe takunai desu>

(Ti khng mun n bnh m.)

<ashita, watashi wa inaka e kaeri tai desu>

(Ngy mai ti mun tr v qu.)

* Ng php 3:
Noun (ni chn) + <e> +Noun (V khng <masu> + <ni> + <iki

masu> / <ki masu> / <kaeri masu>

<A san wa nani wo tabe tai desu ka>

Cch dng: Dng khi mun biu th rng : i n u lm g .

(Anh A mun n mn g vy ?)
V d:

(watashi wa tempura wo tabe tai desu>
(Ti mun n mn tempura)

36

* ng t

<watashi wa nihon e nihongo wo benkyoushi ni iki tai desu>

Ch : Khi m cu hi l <hoshii> th cu tr li phi l <hoshii>.

(Ti mun n Nht Bn hc ting Nht.)

Cn cu hi l <tai> th cu tr li cng phi l <tai>

* Danh t
* Trng hp ph nh ca tnh t <hoshii> v V <tai> (y l

ng t nhng ph nh nh tnh t)

<ashita, watashi wa kyouto no omatsuri ni iki masu>

- V y l tnh t <i> nn ph nh ca n s l:

(Ngy mai ti i n l hi Tokyo)

b <i> thm <kunai>

<hoshii> ---------> <hoshi> ------------------> <hoshi kunai>

BI14

(khng mun)

II NG PHP

V <tai> ---------> V <ta> ------------------> V <takunai> (khng mun

Ng php bi ny rt l kh, v y l mt trong nhng ng php thng xuyn

lm)

dng trong ting Nht, nu khng nm k phn ny, cc bn s khng th no

NGU PHAP TIENG NHAT

bc ln tip uc.

l nhng ch sau y:
<e>, <se>, <ke>, <ne>, <te>, <be>.....

* Ng php 1:
<te kei>(TH TE)

V d:

Trc gi chc hn cc bn khi hc ng t u ch hc qua ch khng h

<tabe masu> : n

l ng t trong ting Nht c chia lm 3 nhm. Trc khi vo th <Te>,

<ake masu> : m

cc bn cn phi nm vng v bit cch phn bit ng t no nhm no.

..........

A CC NHM NG T

ng t nhm ny th hu nh khng c ngoi l (t ra l ti thi im Hira

1) NG T NHM I

ang hc) .

ng t nhm I l nhng ng t c ui l ct <i>(trc <masu> tc l

nhng ch sau y:

3) NG T NHM III

<i>, <shi>, <chi>, <ri>, <hi>, <gi>, <ki>, <ni>...

ng t nhm III c gi l DANH - NG T. Tc l nhng ng t c ui

l ch <shi>, v khi b <masu> v <shi> ra th ci phn trc n s tr

V d:

thnh danh t.

<asobi masu> : i chi

<yobi masu> : gi

37

V d: b <masu>

<nomi masu> : ung

...........

<benkyoushi masu>: hc ---------------><benkyou> : vic hc

Tuy nhin cng c mt s ng t c gi l c bit. Nhng ng t tuy

: hc ---------------> : vic hc

c ui l ct <i> nhng c th n nm trong nhm II, hoc nhm III. Tuy

<kaimonoshi masu>: mua sm --------------><kaimono> : s mua sm

nhin nhng ng t nh th khng nhiu.

: mua sm --------------> : s mua sm

......

V d:

Tuy nhin cng c mt vi ng t cng c ui l <shi> nhng khng phi l

<abi masu> : tm (thuc nhm II)

danh ng t.

<kari masu> : mn (thuc nhm II)

<ki masu> : n (thuc nhm III)

V d:
<hanashi masu> : ni chuyn.

2) NG T NHM II
ng t nhm II l nhng ng t c ui l ct <e>(trc <masu> tc

.............

<isogi masu> : vi v--------------------------------------------><isoide>

B TH TE

: vi v ------------------------------------------->

Vy th Te l g ? Th Te l mt dng khc ca ng t. Trc gi cc bn

hc qua ng t nhng th <masu>, v nhng ng t c ui l

* Nhng ng t c ui l <mi>, <bi> cc bn s i thnh <n de>

<masu>. V by gi th Te chnh l t th masu chuyn thnh da vo mt s

quy tc. y l quy tc c bn:

V d:
b <masu>, <mi>,(<bi> . Thm <n de>

1) NG T NHM I
Cc bn bit th no l ng t nhm I, v y cng l nhm c cch chia

<nomi masu> : ung ---------------------------------------><nonde>

rc ri nht.

: ung --------------------------------------->

* Nhng ng t c ui l <ki>, cc bn s i thnh <i te>.

<yobi masu> : gi ---------------------------------------><yonde>

: gi --------------------------------------->

V d:

<yomi masu> : c ---------------------------------------><yonde>

b <masu>, i <ki> thnh <i te>

: c ---------------------- ---------------->

<kaki masu> : vit --------------------------------><kaite>

38

i vi hai ng t <yobi masu> v <yomi masu> th khi chia

: vit -------------------------------->

th <te>, cc bn phi xem xt ng cnh ca cu bit c n l ng t

<kikimasu> : nghe-------------------------------><kiite>

<yobi masu> hay ng t <yomi masu>.

: nghe------------------------------->
<aruki masu> : i b-------------------------------><aruite>

* Nhng ng t c ui l <i>, <chi>, <ri> cc bn i thnh <tsu

: i b ------------------------------->

nh v ch te> (khng bit phi vit sao

* Nhng ng t c ui l <gi> cc bn s i thnh <i de>.

V d:
b <masu>,<ri>,(<i> ,(<chi> . Thm <tsu nh v ch te>

V d:
b <masu>, i <ki> thnh <i de>

<magari masu>:quo ----------------------------------------><magatte>

:quo ---------------------------------------->

<oyogi masu>: bi ----------------------------------------------><oyoide>

<kai masu> : mua ----------------------------------------><katte>

: bi ---------------------------------------------->

: mua ---------------------------------------->

NGU PHAP TIENG NHAT

<nobori masu> : leo ----------------------------------------><nobotte>
: leo ----------------------------------------->

V d:

<shiri masu> : bit -----------------------------------------><shitte>

b <masu> thm <te>

: bit ----------------------------------------->
<tabe masu> : n -------------------------------><tabete>
* Nhng ng t c ui l <shi> th ch cn thm <te>

: n ------------------------------->
<ake masu> : m -------------------------------><akete>

V d:

: m ------------------------------->

b <masu> thm <te>

<hajime masu> : bt u----------------------------><hajimete>

:bt u --------------------------->

<oshi masu> : n -----------------------><oshi te>

: n ----------------------->

* Mt s ng t sau y l ng t c bit thuc nhm II, cch chia nh

<dashi masu>: gi-----------------------><dashi te>

sau:

: gi ---------------------->

b <masu> thm <te>

<keshi masu> : tt----------- -----------><keshi te>

: tt----------------------->

39

<abi masu> : tm----------------------------><abite>

: tm---------------------------->

* Ring ng t <iki masu> do l ng t c bit ca nhm I nn

<deki masu> : c th-------------------------><dekite>

s chia nh sau:

: c th--------------------->

b <masu>, <ki>. Thm <tsu nh v te>

<i masu> : c------------------------------><ite>

: c------------------------------>

<iki masu> : i---------------------------------><itte>

<oki masu> : thc dy----------------------><okite>

: i--------------------------------->

: thc dy---------------------->
<ori masu> : xung (xe)------------------><orite>

2) NG T NHM II

: xung (xe)------------------>

- Cc bn bit th no l ng t nhm II, v y l nhm c cch chia n

<kari masu> : mn-------------------------><karite>

gin nht.

: mn------------------------->

* i vi ng t nhm II, cc bn ch cn b <masu> thm <te>.

3)ng t nhm III

- Cc bn bit th no l ng t nhm III. V nhm ny cch chia cng v

cng n gin.

* Ng php 3:
- Din t hnh ng ang lm ( tng t nh th hin ti tip din trong ting

V d:

Anh y m)

b <masu> thm <te>

V <te> + <imasu> : khng nh : Khng quan tm n

ngi ni

<shi masu> : lm, v ---------------------------><shi te>

V <te> + <imasen> : ph nh

: lm, v --------------------------->
<sanposhi masu>: i do ---------------------------><sanposhite>

V d:

: i do --------------------------->

<benkyoushi masu>:hc ----------------------------><benkyoushite>

<MIRA san wa ima denwa wo kakete imasu>

: hc --------------------------->

(Anh Mira ang gi in thoi)

y l ng t c bit nhm III:

<ki masu> : i --------------------><kite>

: i -------------------->

<ima ame ga futte imasu ka>

40

(By gi ma ang ri phi khng ?)

* Ng php 2:

- Yu cu ai lm g : ng t trong mu cu ny c chia th <te>, th

<hai, futte imasu>

cc bn va mi hc.

(, ng vy)

V <te> + <kudasai> : Yu cu ai lm g .

+
<iie, futte imasen>

V d:

(Khng, khng c ma)

* Ng php 3:

<koko ni namae to juusho wo kaite kudasai>

- Hi ngi khc rng mnh c th lm iu g cho h khng ?

(Lm n vit tn v a ch ca bn vo ch ny)

V <masu> + <mashou> +<ka>

V d:

<watashi no machi wo kite kudasai>

(Hy n thnh ph ca ti)

<kasa wo kashi mashou ka>

NGU PHAP TIENG NHAT

(Ti cho bn mn mt cy d nh ?)

V d:

<sumimasen. onegaishi masu>

(Vng, lm n.)

<koko de tabako wo sutte wa ikemasen>

(Bn khng c php ht thuc y)

BI15
II NG PHP

Ng php bi ny vn thuc th <te>. V th <te> th xin cc bn xem li bi

<sensei, koko de asonde mo ii desu ka>

14.

(Tha ngi, chng con c th chi y c khng ?)

* Ng php 1:

- Hi mt ngi no rng mnh c th lm mt iu g khng ? Hay bo mt

<hai, ii desu>

ai rng h c th lm iu g .

(c ch.)

V <te> + <mo ii desu> + <ka>

*
<iie, ikemasen>

V d:

(Khng, cc con khng c php)

41

<shashin wo totte mo ii desu>

Lu : i vi cu hi m c cu trc V <te> + <wa> +

(Bn c th chp hnh)

<ikemasen> th nu bn tr li l:
* <hai> th i sau n phi l <ii desu> : c php

* <iie> th i sau n phi l <ikemasen> : khng c php

<tabako wo sutte mo ii desu ka>

(Ti c th ht thuc khng ?)

Lu : i vi ng t <shitte imasu> c ngha l bit th khi chuyn sang ph

nh l <shiri masen>

* Ng php 2:
- Ni vi ai rng h khng c php lm iu g .

V d:

V <te> + <wa> + <ikemasen>

- Lu rng ch <wa> trong mu cu ny v y l ng php nn khi vit phi

<watashi no denwa bango wo shitte imasu ka>

vit ch <ha> trong bng ch, nhng vn c l <wa>.

(Bn c bit s in thoi ca ti khng ?)

*

<hai, shitte imasu>

(Bit ch)
*
<iie, shirimasen>
(Khng, mnh khng bit)
BI16
I/Ng php+ Mu cu 1

Ng php:Cch ghp cc cu n thnh cu ghp bng

cch dng th
Mu cu:V1 V2 V
Vidu:

Ti dy vo lc 6 gi sng, n sng , ri n trng.

42

Ti qua, ti lm bi tp, xem ti vi, c sch mt cht ri

ng.

II/ Ng php+Mu cu 2

mt ni no .
*Mu cu:N1 N2 A
N y l danh t, N2 l thuc tnh ca N1, A l tnh t b
ngha cho N2.
*V d:
+
Nht Bn th c nhiu ni.
+HaNoi Pho
H Ni th ph ngon.

IV/ Ng php+Mu cu 4
*Ng php: Cch ni cu i vi tnh t
*Mu cu:
Tnh t ui b thm
Tnh t ui b thm
*V d:
Cn phng ny va rng va sng

C ta va p va tt bng.
BI17

*Ng php:Ni 2 hnh ng li vi nhau. Sau khi lm ci

g ri lm ci g .
*Mu cu:V1
*V d:
Sau khi n cm th ti i xem phim.

I\ Mu cu yu cu ai khng lm g y.

III/Ng php +Mu cu 3

se l ~V d:

*Ng php:Ni v c im ca ai , ca ci g hoc

( Khng i ...)

*Cu trc : V
-Cch chia sang th
_Cc ng t thuc nhm I: Tn cng ca ng t l
th tng ng khi chuyn sang th
(Khng ht ...)

NGU PHAP TIENG NHAT

_Cc ng t thuc nhm II: Tn cng ca ng t thng l

tuy nhin cng c nhng ngoi l l nhng ng t tuy

Ngy mai khng n trng cng c

tn cng khng phi vn vn thuc nhm II. Trong khi hc cc bn nn

nh nhm ca ng t . Cc ng t nhm II khi chuyn sang th th

BI18

ch vic thay bng .

II NG PHP

~V d: -> ( Khng n...)

Bi ny, chng ta s c hc mt th mi (theo gio trnh Minna) nhng

-> ( Khng cho vo...)

qu

quen

vi

mt

gio

trnh

khc.

th

_Cc ng t thuc nhm III: l nhng ng t tn cng thng l khi

chuyn sang th th b thm ~V d: ->

( ng lo lng...)

<jishokei> (Th t in) hay cn gi l th nguyn mu thc cht l

** -> Khng n..

th nguyn mu ca mi ng t. Khi ngi Nht qua y dy ting Nht, v lch

~V d cho phn ng php:

s h dng <nagaikatachi> (tc th <masu> dy chng

ta. V th cc bn thy tt c mi ng t chng ta hc t trc n gi u bt

Xin ng ht thuc

u th <masu> trc ri mi chuyn qua cc th khc. Th nhng iu

li gy kh khn cho chng ta cch chia ng t, bi v thc cht chia t

Xin ng qun tin

43

th nguyn mu sang cc th khc li d hn l t th <masu> chia sang

II\ Mu cu phi lm g :

cc th khc. Tuy nhin nu bn no c th tip thu tt th ci kh khn ny ch

* Cu trc: V ->V Th b thay bng

l g c.

~V d:

V d:

+ Chia t th <masu> sang th mnh lnh (th ngn ca <tekudasai> sau ny

Ti phi lm bi tp

s hc)

----------->

Ti phi ung thuc

kakimasu---------->kake

III\ Mu cu khng lm g cng c

*Cu trc: V ->V ( B thay bng )

------------>

~V d:

machimasu----------- > mate

Khng n sng cng c

+ Chia t th nguyn mu sang th mnh lnh

----------->
kaku ----------->kake

------------------------->-----------------------------> : a, trao, np
dashimasu dashi dasu

------------>
matsu------------> mate

------------------------>------------------------------> : ng

Nhn th cc bn cng bit cch no d chia hn phi khng.

tachimasu tachi tatsu

Th nhng chng ta qu quen vi cch chia th nht nn chng ta s khng

thay i. Cn cch chia th hai th l ca trng Sakura s dng (V Hira hc

----------------------->-------------------------------> : gi

song song hai bn nn bit)

yobimasu yobi yobu

----------------------->-------------------------------> : c
yomimasu yomi yomu

A TH NGUYN MU
INHM I

------------------------>------------------------------- > : chp (hnh)

i vi ng t nhm I cc bn b <masu> v chuyn ui t ct (i)

torimasu tori toru

sang ct (u)

44
IINHM II

V d:

i vi ng t nhm II th rt l n gin. Cc bn ch vic b <masu>,

thm <ru>

b <masu> i ct (i) thnh ct (u)

------------------------>------------------------------> : vit

V d:

kakimasu kaki kaku

b <masu> thm <ru>
------------------------>------------------------------> : mua

-------------------------------------> :n

kaimasu kai kau

tabemasu taberu

------------------------>------------------------------> : ci ra

-----------------------------------> : nh

nugimasu nugi nugu

oboemasu oboeru

NGU PHAP TIENG NHAT

---------------------------------> : suy ngh

C php:

kangaemasu kangaeru

Noun + + V( + + +
Noun +wo + V(jishokei) + koto +ga + dekimasu

-------------------------------------> : tm (ng t c bit)

abimasu abiru

V d:

-------------------------------------> : c th (dng t c bit)

dekimasu dekiru

<watashi wa 100 ME-TORU oyogu koto ga dekimasu>

(Ti c th bi 100 mt)

IINHM II
i vi ng t nhm III, th i ui <shimasu> thnh <suru>

A
A

V d:

A san wa kanji wo 300 ji oboeru koto ga dekimasen

(Anh A khng th nh 300 ch kanji)

i ui <shimasu> thnh <suru>

45

-------------------------------------------------> : hc

IINg php 2:

benkyoushimasu benkyousuru

+i vi ng t chia th nguyn mu cng vi <maeni>

danh t cng vi <no> cng vi <maeni>

-------------------------------------------------> : kt hn

thi gian cng vi <maeni>

kekkonshimasu kekkonsuru
C php:
-------------------------------------------------> : n (ng t c bit)

Noun + + V() + : Trc khi lm ci g ,.........

kimasu kuru

Noun + wo + V(jishokei) + maeni

B NG PHP

Noun + + : Trc ci g ,................

INg php 1:

Noun + no + maeni

+Ai c th, c kh nng lm g .

+Chia ng t th nguyn mu cng vi <koto ga dekimasu>

+ : Cch y........,..............

jikan + maeni

A
A san, goshumi wa nan desu ka

V d:

(A san, s thch ca bn l g vy)

A :

<watashi wa mainichi neru maeni, manga wo yondeimasu>

(Mi ngy trc khi ng, ti u c truyn tranh)

watashi no shumi wa manga wo yomu koto desu

(S thch ca mnh l c truyn tranh)

BI19

II NG PHP

ATH <TA>

<shiken no maeni, benkyoushita bunpou wo fukushuushi nakerebanarimasen>

Ng php bi ny cng s thuc v mt th mi m khng mi. l th

(Trc k thi, phi n li nhng vn phm hc)

<ta>. V sao khng mi, l v cch chia ca th ny cng y chang nh cch

chia ca th <te>. Cc bn ch vic chia nh th <te> v thay <te> thnh

DamSen
DamSen

<ta>

46

<3 nen maeni, DamSen kouen e kimashita>

V d:

(Cch y 3 nm ti n cng vin m Sen)

-------------------->--------> : vit (nhm I)

kakimasu kaite kaita

IIINg php 3:
+ S thch l g

-------------------->-------- > : c (nhm I)

+ Chia ng t (nu c) th nguyn mu cng vi <kotodesu>

yomimasu yonde yonda

C php:

-------------------->--------> : n (nhm II)

Noun + V() + +

tabemasu tabete tabeta

Noun + V(jishokei) + koto + desu

--------->--------> : hc (nhm
V d:

III)

Q : A

benkyoushimasu benkyoushite benkyoushita

NGU PHAP TIENG NHAT

B NG PHP

C php:

INg php 1:

V1() + , + V2() + , + V3() + +.........+

+ tng lm vic g cha ?

V1(ta) + <ri> , + V2(ta) + <ri> , + V3(ta) + <ri> +........ + <shimasu> : no l...,no

+ Chia ng t th <ta> cng vi <koto ga arimasu>

l......

C php:

V d:

Noun + + V() +

Noun + wo + V(ta) + koto ga ari masu

A
<A san, maiban nani wo shimasu ka>

V d:

(A san, mi bui ti bn thng lm g vy ?)

<watashi wa okinawa e itta koto ga arimasu>

(Ti tng i n okinawa)

<Maiban, watashi wa hon wo yonda ri, TEREBI wo mita ri shimasu>

47

(Ti th, mi bui ti no l c sch, no l xem ti vi....>

IIINg php 3:

<watashi wa sushi wo tabeta koto ga arimasu>

+ Tr nn nh th no .

(Ti tng n sushi)

C php:
IINg php 2:

Danh t + <ni> + <narimasu>

+ Lit k nhng vic lm mt cch tng trng.

Tnh t (i) (b i) + <ku> + <narimasu>

+ Trc kia cc bn hc cch lit k nhng vic lm bng cch chia th

Tnh t (na) + <ni> + <narimasu>

<te> ca ng t, nhng nu dng cch th phi k ht tt c nhng vic

mnh lm ra. Cn ng php ny th cc bn ch lit k mt s vic lm tng

V d:

trng thi.

+ Chia th <ta> ca ng t, cng vi <ri>. ng t cui l

<shimasu> v dch l "no l....,no l......"

<TERESA chan wa, se ga taka ku narimashita>

<B TERESA tr nn cao hn ri>

- Giao tip vi ngi thn ca mnh, ngi trong gia nh mnh

- Giao tip vi ngi nh hn mnh, chc v nh hn mnh (cp di trong

HOCHIMINH

cng ty)

HOCHIMINH

v dng rt thng xuyn trong cuc sng.

<Ima, HOCHIMINH shi wa kirei ni narimashita>

(By gi, thnh ph H Ch Minh tr nn sch s hn ri>

Hn cc bn hc gio trnh Minna s thc mc ti sao khi ngi Nht dy ting

Nht cho chng ta li dy bng th di (th <masu> m cc bn ang hc) ?

n gin l v lch s.

<kotoshi, watashi wa 17 sai ni narimashita>

(Nm nay, ti ln 17 tui ri)

Th ngn khng c dng cho :

- Ngi mi quen ln u, ngi khng thn thit.

BI20

- Cp trn ca mnh

II - NG PHP
Ng php bi ny l mt ng php cc k cc k quan trng m nu khng hiu

Do vy bt buc h phi dng th di dy chng ta.

n, cc bn s rt kh khn khi hc ln cao v lng tng trong vic giao tip vi

ngi Nht.

48

Th th ngn c kh khng. Xin tha khng, t nht l vi ng t . V nu cc

Xin gii thiu:

bn hc k bi v cc th ca ng t t bi 1-19 th coi nh hon tt 3/4

<futsuukei>(ng Du)

ng php ca bi ny. Phn cn li ch l "ru ria" thi.

<mijikaikatachi>

B - Cch chia v mt s im cn ch :

(Sakura)

Th ngn s c 3 loi : Th ngn ca ng t

C hai cch gi m trng ng Du v Sakura s dng u ch ni v TH

Th ngn ca danh t v tnh t <na>

NGN. Nhng m cch ging v mt s ch trong bi hc th hi khc nhau.

Th ngn ca tnh t <i>

y Hira s ghi theo kinh nghim ca mnh.

1 - NG T
A - Gii thiu:
Th ngn l th chuyn dng trong vn ni, trong vn vit khng nn dng.

Khng nh hin ti:

V() -----------> V ()

Ngi Nht dng n :

V<masu>----------- > V <jishokei>

NGU PHAP TIENG NHAT

V d:
----------------->

Khng nh qu kh:

----------------->

V()-----------------> V()

<hanashimasu> ---------------- > <hanasu> : ni

V<mashita> ----------------> V<ta>

V d:

------------------>

----------------->

----------------- >

----------------->

<tabemasu> ------------------> <taberu> : n

<hanashimashita> ---------------> <hanashita> : ni

----------------- >

------------------>

----------------->

----------------->

<benkyoushimasu> ----------------> <benkyousuru> : hc

<tabemashita> ----------------> <tabeta> : n

Ph nh hin ti:

----------------->

V()----------> V()

----------------->

V<masen> -----------> V<nai>

49

<benkyoushimashita> --------------> <benkyoushita> : hc

V d:
----------------->

Ph nh qu kh:

---------------->

V() -------->V()

<hanashimasen> ----------------> <hanasanai> : khng ni

V<masendeshita>------> V<nakatta>
V d:

----------------->

------------->

--------------- >

-------------->

<tabemasen> ----------------- > <tabenai> : khng n

<hanashimasendeshita> -----------> <hanasanakatta> : khng ni

-------------------->

--------------->

-------------------->

--------------->

<benkyoushinai> -------------------> <benkyoushinai> : khng hc

<tabemasendeshita> -------------> <tabenakatta> : khng n

------------------------->
--------------->

<shinsetsu desu> ------------------> <shinsetsu da> : t t

------------->
<benkyoushimasendeshita> -------- > <benkyoushinakatta> : khng hc

Ph nh hin ti:
Danh t (tnh t <na> + ( ---------------> Danh t (tnh t <na>

Cc bn hiu cha no? Nu nhn xt k th cc bn s thy:

+ (

- Cc th ca ng t m cc bn tng hc trong cc bi trc theo cc th

Danh t (tnh t <na> + <ja arimasen> ------------- > Danh t (tnh t <na> + <ja

u th hin c trng ca th .

nai>

(VD: ng php trong bi th <nai> u ni v ph nh, th <ta> th v qu

V d:

kh...)

-------------------->
------------------->

- Cc ng t b <masu> + <tai> (mun) hoc ang th <nai> th uc coi

<ame ja arimasen> --------------------> <ame ja nai> : khng ma

nh l mt tnh t <i> v chia theo tnh t <i>

VD:

------------------->

<tabemasu> (ng t) ----------> <tabenai> (tnh t <i> ---------> <tabenakatta>

------------------->

<tabemasu> (ng t) ----------> <tabetai> (tnh t <i> --------> <tabetakunai>

50

<shinsetsu ja arimasen> -------- > <shinsetsu ja nai> : khng t t

2 - DANH T V TNH T <NA>

Khng nh qu kh:

Do danh t v tnh t c cch chia ging nhau.

Danh t (tnh t <na> + ( -----------------> Danh t (tnh t <na> + (

Khng nh hin ti:

Danh t (tnh t <na> + <deshita> -------------> Danh t (tnh t <na> + <datta>

Danh t (tnh t <na> + ( -------------> Danh t (tnh t <na> + (

V d:

Danh t (tnh t <na> + <desu> -------------> Danh t (tnh t <na> + <da>

------------------------>

V d:

----------------------- >

-------------------------->

<ame deshita> ---------------------> <ame datta> : ma

------------------------- >
<ame desu> -------------------------> <ame da> : ma

---------------------->
---------------------- >

------------------------->

<shinsetsu desu> ---------------> <shinsetsu da> : t t

NGU PHAP TIENG NHAT

Ph nh qu kh:

-----------------> : khng cao

Danh t (tnh t <na> + ( ------> Danh t (tnh t <na>

----------------->

+ (

<takakunakatta desu>------------> <takakunakatta>

Danh t (tnh t <na> + <ja arimasendeshita> -> Danh t (tnh t <na> + <ja
nakatta>

Mt s im cn ch :

V d:

- Khi dng th ngn hi, ngi Nht ln ging cui cu.(Mi tn cui ch l

----------------->

ln ging)

---------------->

V d:

<ame ja arimasendeshita> --------------> <ame janakatta> : khng ma

NI BNH THNG HI
---------------->

---------------->

- -------------->

---------------->

<hanashimasu> --------------> <hanasu> : ni

<shinsetsu ja arimasendeshita> -------> <shinsetsu janakatta> : khng t t

- Cu hi - <Nan desu ka> - ci g s c ni tt l - <nani>
3 - TNH T <i>

51

Tnh t ny th cc bn ch vic b desu thi. V chia theo bnh thng

BI21

V d:

I/Mu cu: Ti ngh l.....

--------------------> : cao

* Nu cm tng, cm ngh , kin v s phng on ca mnh v 1 vn

--------------------->

no .

<takai desu>------------------> <takai>

-Cu trc:
V (Th thng thng)+

------------------> : khng cao

----------------->

<takakunai desu>--------------> <takakunai>

N
-V d:

-----------------> : cao

----------------->

<takakatta desu>---------------> <takakatta>

Hm nay, ti ngh rng thy INOUE s khng ti.

-V d

Ti ngh rng bi kim tra tun sau s kh.

Thy gio ni rng ngy mai s i n bn.

Ti ngh rng ngi Nht th thn thin

Th tng ni rng ngy mai s i gp tng thng.

Ti ngh rng Nht th giao thng tin li.

IV/Mu cu hi ln ging cui cu vi t ,nhm mong i s

II/Mu cu s dng khi hi ai ngh v 1 vn no nh th no

ng tnh ca ngi khc.

-Cu trc:

-Cu trc:V

~N~

V N th bn ngh nh th no.

-V d:

-V d:

Bn ngh nh th no v giao thng Nht Bn.

Hm nay tri nng nh.

Bn ngh th no v ting Nht.

52

Th su c ngh c phi khng?

III/Mu cu dng truyn li dn trc tip v truyn li dn gin tip

A-Truyn li dn trc tip

BI22

-Cu trc:

**Mnh quan h**

Li dn trc tip

I/Cu trc: N1 Mnh b ngha cho N2

-V d:
Trc ba n th phi ni g?

Trc ba n th ni l [itadakimasu]
B-Truyn li dn gin tip. Ai ni rng l g ..
-Cu trc:

-Xt v d sau:V d 1.
+ y l tm nh.
+ Anh ti chp.
Ni 2 cu n trn bng mnh quan h
--->

NGU PHAP TIENG NHAT

y l bc nh anh ti chp.
-Phn tch cu trn s thy
=N1
Mnh b ngha cho N2
N2
V d 2.

y l ci bnh do ba ti lm.
V d 3

y l tin ti nhn c t m.

+H H l ngi ang eo
knh
--> H Ngi ang
eo knh l H
+Minh Minh

Mnh l ngi ang i giy en.

---> Minh
Minh
Ngi ang i giy en l Minh.

II/Cu trc: Mnh b ngha cho N1

** y ch n gin l phn m rng ca cu trc I.

Quay li v d 2 trong phn I. Nu bn mun ni rng n
ci bnh do b ti lm th s th no?
--->

Ti n ci bnh do b ti lm
-Mt s v d khc
+

Hy cho ti xem nh chp H CH MInh.

+

Hy cho ti xem cai o mc ba tic

N2
-Xt v d sau:
Hanoi Hanoi

Ti c sinh ra H Ni
Khi chuyn thnh cu s dng mnh quan h s thnh
--> Hanoi
Hanoi
Ni ti sinh ra l H Ni
-Phn tch cu trn th
Mnh b ngha cho N1
N1
Hanoi=N2
-Mt s v d khc:

III/Cu trc: Mnh b ngha N V

53

IV/Cu trc:Mnh b ngha N A

A

**y cng l phn m rng ca cu trc I ging nh 3

vy.
hiu r cc bn xem cc v d sau.
+

Ci bnh do b ti lm th ngon
+

Ti thch ci o s mi nhn c t m ti.

+

Ti mun c nh to.

Ti mun lm cng vic c s dng ting Nht.

Ti mun n ci bnh do c y lm.

Ti mun kt hn vi ngi c th ni ting Nht.

V/Cu trc :Mnh b ngha N

I/Mu cu vi danh t ph thuc ),dng ch thi gian ai lm

*Tng t IV:
-V d:
54

Ti khng c thi gian i mua sm

+

Ti khng c thi gian vit th

+

Ti nay ti c hn gp mt vi bn (ti)
Thm mt s cc v d khac gip cc bn hiu r hn
v Mnh quan h.

-Cu trc:
V ,....
A ,....
A ,....
N ,....
-V d:

Khi qua ng th ch xe t.
+

Khi c bo th eo knh.
+

****n y chc cc bn cng hiu c phn no v mnh quan h ri

nhi?Mi thc mc nu c rt mong cc bn ng gp kin, mnh s tr li
bng tt c kh nng c th.
BI23
mt vic g hay trong mt trng thi no .

NGU PHAP TIENG NHAT

Khi khng hiu cch pht m ca ting Nht, th hy hi

thy gio.
+

Khi hoa qu r ti rt hay i mua.

Khi yn tnh ti c sch.

+

Khi c bi kim tra th ti b m.

***Ch : Khi V1(V2 th V2

y phi xy ra trc V1
V d 1:
55
+

Khi v nh th mua sch ( y hnh ng mua sch phi

xy ra trc hnh ng v nh v nu bn v nh ri th
sao m mua c sch ng khng?
V d 2:

Khi v nh th ni l [tadaima] ( y th hnh ng ni

tadaima xy ra sau hnh ng v nh, v phi v nh ri th
bn mi c th ni c m)

II/Cu trc cu vi lin t ph thuc

V(+
-Mu cu: Khi ng t th t in + th sau hnh
ng s ko theo s vic , hnh ng tip theo mt
cch tt nhin.(Thng dng khi ch ng hay hng dn
cch s dng my mc)
-V d:
+

i ht con ng ny ri th s c cng vin.

+

n ci nt ny ri th s c v ra
+

Vn ci nt ny ri th ting s to ln.

BI24
I/Mu cu + Cu truc

1/-Mu cu: Mnh nhn t ai mt ci g .

-Cu trc:
S N
-V d:
+

Ti c anh ti tng giy

+

Ti c ngi yu tng hoa

**C th lc b trong mu cu trn m ngha

vn khng b thay i.
--->
2/-Mu cu: Khi ai lm n hoc lm h mnh mt ci
g
-Cu trc :
S N V(Th )
-V d:
+

M ti mua cho ti ci o len

+

Yamada v gip ti ci bn .
** y cng c th lc btrong mu cu trn
m ngha vn khng b thy i
56
--->

II/Mu cu + Cu trc
1/-Mu cu:Khi mnh tng hoc cho ai ci g
-Cu trc:
SN
-V d
+ Thao
Thao
Ti tng bn Tho quyn sch
+Thanh
Thanh

Ti tng bn Thanh hoa

2/-Mu cu: Khi mnh lm cho ai mt ci g
-Cu trc
S NV(Th )
-V d:
+ Quyen Hanoi
Quyen Hanoi
Ti hng dn cho bn Quyn v Ha Ni
+ Ha
Ha
Ti gip bn H chuyn nh

III/Mu cu+Ng php

1/-Mu cu: Mnh nhn c t ai mt ci g
-Cu trc:
S N
-V d:

Ti nhn c sch t anh Tanaka

+

Ti nhn c ru t anh FURUKAWA

2/-Mu cu:Mnh c hng li t 1 hnh ng ca
ngi no .
-Cu trc
S NV(Th )
-V d:
+

NGU PHAP TIENG NHAT

Ti c ngi Nht dy ting Nht

+ Dao
Dao

Ti c bn o cho xem nh du lch

(Khi)Nu tri lnh th hy bt iu ha

~

(Khi)Nu c thi gian rnh th hy hc bi .

+V d vi danh t
~

(Khi)Nu thi tit p th ti i do.

BI25
I/ Mu cu + Cu trc

-Mu cu: V 1(iu kin) V 2( kt qu).

**Nu iu kin v 1 xy ra th s c kt qu v 2.
-Cu trc
V(-qu kh thng) V 2
A -qu kh thng V 2
A -qu kh thng V 2
N(-qu kh thng) V 2
-V d:
+V d vi ng t.
~

Nu tri ma th ti s khng ra ngoi.

~

Nu i b n nh ga th mt khong 30 pht.
~

Nu xe but khng ti th s i bng taxi.

+V d vi tnh t
~

II/Mu cu + Cu trc

57

-Mu cu V 1 V 2
** D cho .... th vn. c tc dng nhn mnh thm
ca cu vn nhng nu khng c th ngha ca cu vn c
th hiu c.
-Cu trc:
V(-Th ) V 2.
A (A ) V 2.
A (A ) V 2.
N (N ) V 2.
-V d:
+Vi ng t:
~

Cho d c hc nh th no i chng na th van truot bai

kiem tra
~

Cho d c tui th ti vn mun lm vic

+Vi tnh t:
~

D bun ng nhng ti vn phi vit bo co.

~

D cho nng thn c yn tnh th ti vn mun sng

thnh ph
+Vi danh t
~

Cho d b m nhng ti vn khng i bnh vin.

BI26
-Cu trc:
V(-Th thng thng)+
A (-Th thng thng)+
A (-Th thng thng)+
N(-Th thng thng)+
-Ng php

1.Ngi ni a ra phng on sau khi nhn,nghe thy mt iu g

ri sau xc nh li thng tin y.

Bn mua my tnh mi phi khng?

+

58

Bn i leo ni .
+

Bn cm thy khng c khe ?

2.Ngi ni yu cu ngi nghe gii thch v vic
ngi ni nghe hoc nhn thy. ( Mang tnh cht t
m)
+

tng s c la cho ai y
+

Bn n Nht t khi no?

+

Bn chp bc nh ny u vy?
3. thanh minh , gii thch l do v li ni hay hnh ng
ca mnh.
+

Ti sao hm qua li ngh th?

Ti v hm qua ti au u sut.
+

Ti sao li chuyn nh vy?

NGU PHAP TIENG NHAT

Ti v nh by gi trt
4.Mu cu V1 V2(Th )
Ngi ni mun lm V1, v nh ngi nghe lm V2 gip
mnh (V2 l hng gii quyt V1)
Bt u ch ca cu chuyn ri tip n l a ra li
yu cu,xin php, hi kin.
+

Ti mun vit th bng ting Nht,bn c th dy ti mt

cht c khng?
+

59

Ti mun i n Tokyo, bn c th v gip ti bn c

khng?
5.Mu cu V1 V2

Ngi ni mun lm V1 v hi ngi nghe l nu lm V2

th c tt khng? hoc lm th no th tt
+

V l ti mun tr nn gii ting Nht,lm th no th tt ?

+

V l ti khng bit s in thoi, lm th no tra c

?
BI27
I - Th kh nng

1.Cch chuyn t th sang th kh nng

a.Vi cc ng t nhm I: Chuyn t ct sang ct

V d:
- C th chi c( nhc c)
- C th bi c
- C th sa c
...
b. Vi cc ng t nhm II: Cc bn ch vic b
nhng ng t nhm ny ri thm
V d
- C th n c
- C th xy c
c. Vi cc ng t nhm III:
- C th n c
-~~~~~~
C th hc
c
C th thnh
cng c

II. Ng php
1. bi 27 ny l cch ni biu th kh nng c th lm
c ci g y hay khng ca mnh hoc ca ngi
khc bng cch s dng th kh nng trn.
**Lu rng tr t ca th kh nng lun lun l
V d:
-

Ti c th vit th c bng ting Nht

-

Ti c th n c 10 bt Ramen (M)
2. Mu cu:
~~~V
Ch c mi~~~
60
Mu cu ny c ngha tng ng vi
-V d:
+

Hm nay ti c ngh c mi 15 pht

+

Ti ch hiu mi ting Nht

3.Mu cu:
N V(Th kh nng)N V(PH nh ca th
kh nng)
*y l mu cu so snh, c th lm c ci ny nhng
khng th lm c ci kia

-V d

Ti c th ni c ting Nht nhng khng th ni c

ting Anh
+

C th chi c bng chy nhng khng th chi oc

tenis
4.1 C th nhn thy
* Vi ngha l c th nhn thy , do ngoi cnh tc
ng vo vic mnh c nhn thy hay khng. Khc vi
theo cch chuyn sang th kh nng ch
l do ch quan ca ngi ni.
V d:
*Vi
+

Ti c th nhn r nhng vt nh
+

T nh ca ti c th nhn thy ni
*Vi

Mt ca ti khng nhn thy c (Ti b m)

4.2 C th nghe c
* Cng ging vi l nhng m thanh
nghe c y l do ngoi cnh, do t nhin, l nhng

NGU PHAP TIENG NHAT

m thanh t lt vo tai nh tieng chim ht chng hn.Khc

vi l do ch quan ca ngi nghe
mun nghe c.
-v d vi
+

m thanh v nh qu , ti khng nghe thy c

Ti nghe c m thanh ban ny nhng bn ti th

khng nghe c
-v d vi

61
Tai ca ti khng nghe c( Ti b ic)
5.Mu cu: ~~~
** y khng mang ngha c th m n c ngha
l ci g ang hoc c hon thnh.
V d:
-

y ang xy ci g vy?
-

y ang xy vin bo tng

-

Bao gi th xong nh vy?

-

Khong 5 gi chiu th xong.

-

Ti hon thnh xong bi tp

6.1 Khi tr t i km theo sau cc tr t khc nh
th n c tc dng nhn mnh mun ni
trong cu.
V d:

trng ca ti th c c gio vin ngui M

-

trng i hc ca ti th phi hc c ting

-

T nh ca ti th nhn thy c c ni.

6.2 Khi tr t i km theo sau cc tr t khc nh
th c ngha l y cng .... g y.
V d:
-

trng ca em ti th cng c gio vin ngi M

-


trng ca anh ti th cng phi hc ting
-

T nh ca ng ti cng c th nhn thy ni.

BI28
I/ Mu cu:V1(b V2

-Ng php: Va lm V1 va lm V2,V1 lun lun l hnh

ng ph so vi V2.
-V d:
+

Ti va cho xem nh va gii thch

+
62

Ti va lm vic Nht va hc ting Nht.

+

Ti va c sch hng dn va nu n

II/Mu cu:~~V
-Ng php: ng t chia th dng ni v
mt hnh ng xy ra thng xuyn, theo thi quen
-V d:
+

Vo ngy ngh ti thng chi banh

Khi rnh ti lc no cng hc ting Anh

+

Hng sng bn thng lm g trong tu in?

Ti va nghe nhc va c sch

III/Mu cu:~~~ ,~~~ ,~~~.

-Ng php: Va th ny li va th kia...
Tr t s dng trong cu thng l tr t
1/Vi ng t:
V -Th t in)+V2-Th t in)+
,
Va V1 li va V2,hn na li....
-V d:
+

Bn n va c th ni c ting Anh, va c th ni
c ting Nht, hn na li cn gii c chuyn mn.
+

NGU PHAP TIENG NHAT

Bn Ri va c th chi c Piano va c th nhy c,

hn na li c th ht c.
2/Vi tnh t:
-Vi tnh t ui th gi nguyn ri thm
-V d:
+

Gi va r, li va ngon nn lc no (ti) cng n qun

ny.
-Vi tnh t ui v danh t th b thm
-V d:
+

C y va xinh li va thn thin,hn na cn c th ni 63

c ting Anh.
BI29
I/Mu cu + Ng php

-Mu cu: N/(ng t chia th

)
-Ng php: Din t trng thi trng thy trc mt, trng
thi l kt qu ca hnh ng no ,tr t s lm nhn
mnh thm ca cu.
-V d:
+

Ca s ang m

Ci gh hng (ang hng)

+

Ci ti ny rch
+

Chuyn xe in lc 8 ri th ng

II/ Mu cu + Ng php
-Mu cu V( ng t chia th
-Ng php: Din t vic g c hon tt, hon
thnh xong. N cng c ng ngi ni hi tic v vic
mnh lm, ly lm ng tic v iu ,hoc ph bnh
hnh ng ca ai .
-V d:
+

Ti c ht quyn tp ch ny ri.
+

Ti n ht bnh mua hi sng ri.

+

Ti ln nhm xe but mt ri
+

Ti lm ri v u mt ri.
***Ty thuc vo ng cnh m cu trc trn c hiu
theo ngha hon tt ca mt hnh ng hay s nui tic
ph bnh***

Ngoi ca ra vo v hnh lang dn v sinh cha?

Vng dn v sinh ri.

BI30

I/Mu cu+ Ng php

-Mu cu: N1 N2

thng bo gi ca ba tic cha?

-Ng php: Din t chi tit hn mt vt hin hu trng thi nh th no

-V d:

Vng, thng bo ri

III/Mu cu + Ng php

D nh ca thng ny c ghi trn lch.

-Mu cu: V ng t chia th

-Ng php:Lm trc hay lm sn ci g tin cho vic v sau.

-V d:

Ti n cnh st c dn bn ca thnh ph.

64

Trc khi bn n th dn dp trc phng.

trn tng c treo ci gng.

II/Mu cu + Ng php

-Mu cu: V( ng t chia th

Trc khi vit bo co th hy thu thp trc ti liu

-Ng php: Nhng ng t chia th i km vi thng l tha ng

t, din t c ai thc hin hnh ng

-V d:

Trc khi c bi kim tra th hy n tp li sn

BI31

Gi ca bui hi ngh thng bo cho mi ngi ri.

** Th hng - **

NGU PHAP TIENG NHAT

A/Cch chia ng t , t th sang

th hng
1.Vi ng t nhm I
-Cch chuyn:Chuyn t ct ca ng t th
sang ct
-V d:
+ :Mua
+ :i b
+ :khn trng
+ : i

2.Vi ng t nhm II
-Cch chuyn: Vi nhng ng t nhm ny ch vic b 65
ri thm vo.
-V d:
+ : n
+ : Nhn
+ : Nh

3. Vi ng t nhm III
-Cch chia: Cng ging nhm II, ch vic b thm
vo sau.
-V d:
+ : C mt
+: i cng
tc

**Vi ng t s thnh th hng.

B/ Ng php bi 31
I/ Cu trc + NG php
-Cu trc: V(-Th hng)
-Ng php:
- Dng khi mun r r hoc yu cu ngi nghe ng vi
mnh chuyn g .
-V d:
+

Hy i chi no!
+

NGh mt cht no
+

i mua no.

-S dng khi c thoi.

+

12h ri, i ng thi!

II/Cu trc + Ng php

-Cu trc: V(-th hng)

-Ng php:Din t quyt nh, ch hoc k hoch ca

ngi ni, quyt nh c t trc v by gi vn gi

quyt nh .
-V d:
+

Nu m c thi gian th ti d nh s i du lch

+

Ti d nh l s tm vic ti Nht Bn
+

Ti d nh l s hc tp ti nc ngoi.

III/Cu trc + Ng php

-Cu trc: V(-Th )
-NG php: Vn cha lm ci g y
-V d:
+

Vn cha np bo co
+

xem b phim mi cha?

+

Cha, ti vn cha xem.

IV/ Cu trc + Ng php

-Cu trc: -V(-Th t din)

66

-V
-Ng php: Ch hng r rt, mt quyt nh chc chn
hoc mt k hoch c th do ngi ni ra.
-V d:
+

Gn y v tr nn hi bo mt cht nn ti quyt nh t
by gi s n king
+
.
27 tui ti d nh s kt hn.
+ Hanoi
Hanoi
Ti quyt nh s sng sut H Ni
+

V tnh trng rng khng c tt nn ti quyt nh s

khng n ngt.
+

Ti quyt nh s khng tr v nc

V/Cu trc + Ng php

-Cu trc: V(-Th t in)
N
-Ng php:L d nh c ln k hoch mt cch

NGU PHAP TIENG NHAT

chc chn.
-V d:
+

Tun sau gim c s i n chi nhnh.

+

Chuyn bay s n vo lc 11h

+

Sang tun sau na th s i cng tc.

+

Bi kim tra d nh s trong khong 2 ting

BI32
I/Cu trc + Ng php

-Cu trc: V(-Th qu kh)+

V
-Ng php: Dng khi mun a ra li khuyn i vi
ngi nghe, lm g th tt hn hoc khng lm g th tt
hn.
-V d:
+

Khi b bnh th nn i n bnh vin.

+

67

Gn y hc sinh hay i chi nh.

ng l th nh. Th nhng, ti ngh l lc cn tr thu c

nhiu kinh nghim th tt hn.
+

V au u nn khng ung bia th tt hn y.

+

Ti mun i chi chu u khong 1 thng, 40 vn yn c

khng?

Ti ngh l . Th nhng, khng nn em tin mt i th

tt hn y.

II/Cu trc + Ng php

-Cu trc:
V(-Th thng thng) +
V
A
A
N

-Ng php: Dng phng on da trn nhng yu t

khch quan, tnh hung hin ti, da vo kinh nghim, s
hiu bit hoc t mt kt qu phn tch no .Thng
c dng trn TV, Radio trong nhng bn tin d bo thi
tit.
-V d:
+

Ti nay c l s nhn thy sao.

+

Ngy mai c l tri s khng ma

+

Ti nay c l s lnh
+
68

Trng em nay c l s p.
+

Ngy mai c l c tuyt.

-Ng php: Theo kin ch quan,ch s phn on c th

xy ra mc d khng chc chn. V mc chnh xc ca
thng tin th thp hn so vi
-V d:
+

Anh y c th s ngh vic cng ty.

+

C ta c th s khng n cng ty
+

Ngy mai khng bit chng s bn

+

Tun sau khng bit chng cng vic s bn rn

+

C ta khng bit chng s m

III/Cu trc + Ng php

-Cu trc:
V(-Th thng thng) +
V
A
A
N

BI33

Th mnh lnh -Th cm

on
-Cch chia t th t in sang th mnh lnh.
+Nhm I: Chuyn t ct sang ct
V d:

NGU PHAP TIENG NHAT

+Nhm II: B ri thm

V d:

+Nhm III:
~~

-Cch chia t th t in sang th cm on.

Thm vo sau ng t th t in i vi tt c cc
nhm I ,II v III.
V d
69
+Nhm I:

+Nhm II:

+Nhm III:

Ng php

*Dng ra lnh hoc cm on ai lm vic g. V

n l th mnh lnh,cm on nghe c sc thi cng
v chua cht nn ch dng khi ngi c a v cao hn
vi ngi c a v thp hn. Thng c gii hn
s dng trong gii nam.
-Dng trong trng hp ngi trn ni vi ngi
di, cha ni vi con
-

n ngy mai phi tm tt xong bn bo co y

-

Hc bi i
-

Khng c xem tivi

-Dng gia nhng ngi bn trai vi nhau
-

Ti nay n nh tao nh.

-
Khng ung bia na
-Dng khi c v ( Trong trng hp ny th phi n
cng c th s dng)
-

C ln
-

Chy i
-Dng trong nhng trng hp khn cp, li ni cn
ngn gn v c hiu qu nhanh nh trong c quan nh
my.
-

Tt ngun in i
-

Khng c lm ri
-Dng trong hiu lnh hng dn giao thng,
-

Hy dng li
-

70
Khng c vo

II/Cu trc + Ng php

I/Cu trc+Ng php

-Cu trc:
+V (+ V2
+V (+ V2
+NV2
-Ng php:
Dng khi a ra ch th i vi ngi nghe,mun ngi
nghe lm theo mt chun mc hay mt quy tc no .
+Khi hnh ng mu c thc hin th s dng cu
trc:
V1 V2
+V d:

-Cu trc: A B
-Ng php: A c ngha l B
-V d:
+

Ci bin ny c ngha l hy dng li

+

Ci bin ny c ngha l khng c ht thuc

-Cu trc: A
-Ng php: L cch truyn li dn gin tip " A ni rng l
~~~"
-V d:
+Quyen
Quyen
Quyn ni rng ngy mai s n vo lc 5h
+

Anh Nisimura ni rng s khng tham gia vo i hi th

thao.
BI34
I/Cu trc + Ng php

NGU PHAP TIENG NHAT

Hy bm phm trn my tnh,theo nh li ti ni lc ny

Hy th nu n theo nh hc ca m i.
+Khi hnh ng mu cha c thc hin, thng i
km vi cc ph t nh th s dng
cu trc:
+V (+ V2
+V d:

T by gi hy vit theo nh li ti ni

71
Hy lm theo nh ti lm.
+Vi danh t th s dng cu trc:
+NV2
+V d:

Hy bm nt theo s.

Hy i theo nh hnh mi tn

II/Cu trc + Ng php

Cu trc:

V1 () V2
N V2
Ng php: Sau khi lm V1 hoc N th lm V2
+V d:

Sau khi kt thc cng vic th i ung.

Sau khi nghe gii thch th a ra cu hi.

Sau khi chi th thao th i tm.

Sau khi n cm th ung c ph.

III/Cu trc + Ng php

-Cu trc:
V1(,V2
-Ng php: Lm V2 trong tnh trng V1
-V d:

(Ti) cm ri i ra ngoi

(Ti) eo knh ri c sch

IV/Cu trc + Ng php

-Cu trc:
V1(V2
-Ng php: Lm V2 trong tnh trng khng lm V1 hay
khng lm V1 m lm V2
-V d:

Ngy ch nht ti khng i u ht m nh.

Ti khng i cu thang my m i cu thang b.

*Vi ng t nhm III:

II/Vi tnh t v danh t

BI35
A-Th iu kin _

I/Cch chia ng t , t th sang th

iu kin ( _
*Vi ng t nhm I:Chuyn t ct sang ct ,
b v thm vo.
V d:
+
+
+
+
+
*Vi ng t nhm II: B v thay bng
V d:
+
+

72

*Vi tnh t ui : Chuyn thnh

V d:
+
+
*Vi tnh t ui : B v thm
V d:

*Vi danh t: Ch vic thm

V d:

B-Ng php
I/Cu trc + Ng php
-Cu trc:
V(

A (
N(
-Ng php: Nu V th..... , din t mi quan h tt yu, ch
iu kin cn thit mt s vic c hnh thnh.
-V d:

NGU PHAP TIENG NHAT

Nu m c sch gii thch , th s hiu cch s dng

+

Nu m bi kim tra thnh cng th (ti) c th vo i hc.

+

Nu m quyn sch ny r th ti mua

+

Nu m hm nay bn th hy n vo ngy mai

+

Nu m rnh th hy gip ti.

+
73

Nu l ngi xinh p th ti s ci
+

Nu m tri ma th ng git .

II/Cu trc + Ng php

-Cu trc:
V(V)
A A
A A
-Ng php:Cng...., cng....., biu th cng lm ci g
y th cng lm sao y

-V d:
+

Cng s dng my tnh th cng gii

+

Cng mi th cng tin li.

+

Cng cay th cng ngon

+

Thao tc cng n gin th cng d hiu

+

V m cng xinh th cng lo lng.

BI36
I/Cu trc + Ng php

-Cu trc:
V1V2
V1 V2
-Ng php:Mu cu c ngha " lm c V1(hoc
khng lm V1) th lm V2" V1 ch mc ch , V2 ch hnh
ng c ch thc hin mc ch V1.
V d:

c th n c nhanh th gi ha tc.

c th ni c ting Nht th phi luyn tp hng ngy

khng b mun Sinkansen th nn ri khi nh nhanh

khng b qun s in thoi th hy ghi li.

II/Cu trc + Ng php

-Cu trc:
V
-Ng php: l ng t c ngha l bin i t
trng thi ny sang trng thi khc.Mu cu "
" c ngha l tr nn lm c ci g y.
74
V d:

Ti tr nn kh hiu ting Nht trn tivi

Bng ting Nht ti c th ni c kin ca bn thn

Ti c th g my tnh nhanh.

III/Cu trc + Mu cu
-Cu trc:

V
-Ng php: Mu cu ny mang ngha ngc vi mu cu
II,ch s bin i t c th sang khng th.
V d:

Ngy mai khng th i chi c

Ti khng th c c ch nh

Ti khng th tham gia c l kt hn.

IV.Cu trc + Mu cu:

-Cu trc:
V
V
-Ng php: Mang ngha ai c gng thay i thi quen
hoc hon cnh. C gng....
V d:

D cng vic c bn rn th ti cng c gng 10h v n

nh

NGU PHAP TIENG NHAT

Nhm III:
Vi ng t

V d:

D cng vic c bn rn th ti cng c gng chi vi bn

tr

D cng vic c bn rn th ti cng c gng khng ngh

cu lc b th thao.

D cng vic c bn rn th ti cng c gng khng tng

ca.
BI37
Th b ng

*Cch chia t th sang th b ng.

Nhm I: Chuyn t ct sang ct ri cng thm

V d:

Nhm II: Thay bng

V d:

*Ng php bi 37 vi th b
ng:
I/ Cu trc + Ng php

75

-Cu trc:
N1 N2N V(-th b ng)
-Ng php: N1 b N2 hoc c N2 lm g .
V d:
-

Ti c b trng khen
-

Ti c b trng nh lm vic
-

Ti b ai dm ln chn


Ti b m vt truyn tranh.

II Cu trc + Ng php
-Cu trc:
N1 N2 ( ng t th b ng)
-Ng php:N2 c lm g ti a im N1
-V d
3.

Trin lm c din ra ti Osaka

Hi ngh quc t c tin hnh ti Osaka

4.

Vin m thut ny s b ph vo thng sau
200
76
200
Vin m thut ny c xy vo 200 nm trc
5.

t ca Nht bn ang c xut khu i nhiu nc

-V d

Truyn truyn thuyt Genji c vit bi Murasaki

sikibu

in thoi c pht minh bi Graham.Bell.
BI38
I/Cu trc + Ng php
Cu trc: VA
Ng php:Khi ng t th t in cng vi s bin thnh danh t
hay cn gi l danh t ha ng t. Dng din t cm tng,
nh gi i vi ch th ca cu vn v c tc dng nhn mnh vn
mun ni.
V d

Mt ngi m vn chuyn ng hnh l ny l khng th.

Vic i do vo bui sng th cm gic rt thoi mi

III/Cu trc+ Ng php

-Cu trc:
N1 N2 (ng t b ng)
-Ng php:N1 c lm hay c sng ch bi N2

Vic tham gia vo i tnh nguyn vin rt l th v

II/Cu trc + Ng php

Cu trc:VA

NGU PHAP TIENG NHAT

Ng php: Cng vi ngha ging I nhng khi ch ng l ti hoc

mt i t nhn xng no khc th c thay bng

V d

Bn c bit vic anh Tanaka ngy mai xut vin khng?

Ti thch nghe nhc c in

Bn c bit vic th su tun sau khng c gi (hc) khng?

Ti v tranh th km

Bn c bit vic trc nh ga mi hon thnh mt khch sn to

khng?

IV/Cu trc + Ng php

Ti i b th nhanh

+Cu trc: VN

+Ng php:ng sau ng t th t in + cng c th l danh

t N,

Ti n th chm

III/Cu trc + Ng php

Cu trc;V/

77

Ni con gi ti sinh ra l mt thnh ph nh ti Hokkaido

Ng php: Khi mun ni l bn qun mt lm mt vic g y hay

hi ai c bit thng tin g y khng th chng ta dng tr t

V d:

iu quan trng nht l sc khe ca gia nh.

Ti qun mt vic tt in

BI39

Ti qun mt vic ung thuc

I/Cu trc + Ng php:

1.Cu trc:

V(

Ti qun mt vic lin lc vi yamada

V ,

V+

A +

A +

2.Ng php:

N +

Mu cu dng nu l do, nguyn nhn nhm biu l cm xc, cm

2.Ng php:

tng.Cc t ch cm xc thng c s dng nh l:

ng t , tnh t, danh t th thng thng + dng ch l

-->Ngc nhin

do, nguyn nhn mt cch khch quan theo din bin, tnh hung t

--> Tht vng

nhin. Ngha tng ng vi nhng mang m iu nh nhng

--> Yn tm

hn nn thng c dng trong cc tnh hung xin php.

--> Kh khn

3.V d:

--->vui sng

-->bun b

----> ng tic

V ti c vic bn, nn ti xin php v trc

V d:

78

V sc khe ca ti khng c tt nn cho ti v sm c c khng?

Ti ngc nhin sau khi c th

V ti khng hiu ting Nht nn lm n ni chun bng ting Vit c

c khng?

Nhn c in thoai th ti thy an tm

V hm qua l sinh nht nn ti ung qu nhiu bia.

C ta khng c lin lc g nn ti thy lo lng

-

BI40

I/Cu trc + Ng php

V tai nn nn c nhiu ngi cht.

(T hi) + V(-Th thng thng) +

II/Cu trc + Ng php:

Khng bit l c nh th no hay khng?

1.Cu trc:

-V d;

NGU PHAP TIENG NHAT

-

l : bi ny cc bn s c bit

Ti khng bit l khi no th cuc hp kt thc.

thm Nhng biu hin ny

c dng ty theo mi quan h ca ngi cho v ngi nhn

Hy ni cho ti bit l c bao nhiu lon bia.

I/Cu trc + Ng php vi

A./A N

Hy tm hiu xem trong hp c g hay khng?

Nhn t A vt N, y A c a v cao hn ngi ni. L khim

II/Cu trc + Ng php

nhng ng ca

Khi khng c t hi th cu trc l :V( -Th thng thng) +

V d:

-V d;

Ti nhn c qu t gim c.

Hy kim tra xem l c b thng hay khng?

Ci tem qu him gh ha

Hy xc nhn li xem l hng ha n hay cha?

Ti c nhn n t trng phng y.

B./A V

Khng bit l cu chuyn y c tht hay khng?

III/Cu trc + Ng php

79

Ngha cng ging nh cu trc A nhng y khng phi l danh t

m l ng t. Nhn t A mt hnh ng V.

Cu trc; V ng t th +

V d;

Ng php; Th lm mt hnh ng V

V d;

Ti c c gio dn i Tokyo

Ti c trng phng cho mn my quay phim

i th i giy mi

Ti c v ca gim c cho xem ngh thut cm hoa.

Th c gng thm mt ln na

II/Cu trc + Ng php vi

A./ A N

Th gii thch bng ting Nht

Mnh nhn c N t A y A c a v cao hn mnh, l khim

BI41

nhng ng ca

cc bi trc cc bn c bit n biu hin cho v nhn

V d:

Ti mua chi cho con gi ti.

Ti c gim c tng qu
-

BI42

Chic khn tay p gh nh

gi, bc

si luc

ti nhn c n t c gio y ( y tuy khng c v

trn ,pha ln

c n i )

tnh ton

B./ A V

dy

Cng vi ngha ging nh cu trc A nhng l mnh nhn c hnh

mng

ng g y t ngi c a v cao hn mnh.C th n

lut s

V d;

nh son nhc

bn tr con

Ti c trng phng gi cho ti liu ca cuc hp

2 ngi ,1 i

gio dc

Ti c v ca gim c lm cho mn Tenpura

lch s

III/Cu trc + Ng php vi

A./A N

80

vn ho
x hi

Lm N cho A, y A c a v thp hn ngi ni.

lut php

V d;

chin tranh

ho bnh

Ti cho con trai n ko

mc ch

an ton

Ti cho con ch n

lut ,l thuyt

B./A V

mi quan h

Lm hnh ng g y cho A

s pha trn

V d:

m un nc

ci nt chai

Ti cho con ch i do

ci m chai

thc n ng hp

NGU PHAP TIENG NHAT

o khoc ngoi
bn tnh

nhit k

v sc kho ca mnh,ti chy b mi sng.

nguyn vt liu

kim t thp

ti s xy cho gia nh ti mt ci nh

d liu

ch : bn hc bi 36 cng din tmt mc ch nhng

tp tin

khng s dng vi ng t th ch.vi mu cu 1 c th i cng

c gng

ng tth ch.

ti sao
lin hp quc

th gi Elize

*
ti tit kim tin c th c c mt ca hng ring(*)

beethoven
phn lan
NG PHP

II> V cho,dng , N

81

Ci ko ny dng ct hoa

I> V , cho,v (1)

N()

Ci cp ny to tht ,thun tin i du lch

mu cu ny c dng din t mt mc ch.

Ti mt nhiu thi gian cho vic tm s in thoi

ti dnh gim tin m mt ca hng ca ring mnh

III>

s lng

ti s thu mt ci xe cho vic chuyn nh

khi nhc n s lng,mo t ch s lng nh nht cn thit.

Vd :

 nht bn,bn cn t nht 2 triu yn t chc m ci

RI c v ang rnh.

s lng

Khi nhc n s lng,mo t din t suy ngh ca ngi ni cho

Ngy mai (thi tit) c v tr nn nng.

rng s lng c ni n l nhiu

Vd

C ta c v thng minh.

II/Mu cu lm g ri quay tr li

bn c cn ti 30 triu yn xy mt ngi nh khng?

Cu trc:
V

PS: bi ny hng phi do mnh son u,ca mt bn no mnh ko

V d:

nh;), lc trc post ln ri nhng ai xoa mt tiu, thy cc bn

yu cu nn mnh post li cho cc bn tham kho. ng hiu lm

i ht thuc mt cht ri quay v

mnh l ngi soan m ti cho tc gi nha bn!

i gi in mt cht ri quay v

BI43

I/Mu cu biu hin trng thi , suy on ca ngi ni v mt

Ti i xem gi xe bus ri quay li nn hy ch y nh.

s vic trong tng lai hay v trng thi hin ti ca ai , ca

ci g .

82

Ti a xe t vo bi u xe ri quay li nn hy ch y nh.

Cu trc:
ng t b

BI 44

Tnh t ui b +

I/Cu trc+Ng php

Tnh t ui b +

-Cu trc

-V d

+V(-

+A (-) +

Tri c v sp ma by gi.

+A (+

-Lm g y qu mc hay mt tnh trng qu mc:

c v sp ri t trn gi xung.

-V d:

Mn n ny c v ngon.

Ti ung qu nhiu ru

NGU PHAP TIENG NHAT

Kh lm c mt vic g y

-V d;

Ti n qu nhiu tht

tokyo th kh sng

Ci vn ny qu kh

i dy ny kh i

Cn phng ny qu hp

Con ng ny hp nn kh li xe

Phng php ny qu phc tp

II/ Cu trc + Ng php

-Cu trc:

Thng 12 v l bn nn kh xin c ngh.

V(-) +

IV/Cu trc + Ng php

D lm 1 ci g
-V d:

83

-Cu trc;
N A ---> A

N A ---> A

Lm mt hnh ng A g

Ci thuc ny d ung

-V d

Ci ko ny d s dng

Lm cho tc ngn li ( Ct tc)

Vo ngy c tuyt th ng tr nn d b trt ng.

Lm cho gi h xung

III/Cu trc + Ng php

-Cu trc;

V(-) +

Lm cho phng sch s

hy dn dp sch s trn bn

Lm tng gp i lng nc

V/Cu trc + Ng php

Nn ni chuyn mt cch lch s vi buchyo.

-Cu trc

BI45

S N

I/ Mu cu + Ng php

D nh vi S th lm N

- Mu cu :

-V d:

V1( + ~~~

A + ~~~~

A + ~~~~

Lm ba ti vi cm c r ( D nh )

N + ~~~~

-Ng php: Mu cu ny c ngha l : Trong trng hp ~~~~ ,

Bn nh i chuyn my bay no?

th~~~~~

V trc ca cu gi nh mt s vic g xy ra , cn v 2 l hng

gii quyt

Ti i chuyn my bay lc khong 11 h

-V d:

Ti chn phng i.

84

113
?113

VI/Cu trc + Ng php

??

-Cu trc

Vn nht xy ra ha hon th nn gi ngay n s 113

N A ---> AV~

N A ---> AV~

Trong trng hp n cng ty mun th hy lin lc

Lm mt hnh ng V vi tnh cht A

-V d

Trong trng hp th khng n th hy lin lc

Lm n gii thch c th cho ti v thao tc c khng ?

Trong trng hp st cao th hy ung thuc ny

Hy vit ch to ln

NGU PHAP TIENG NHAT

Trong trng hp cn giy thanh ton tin th hy ni vi ch tim
+
?
Trong trng hp my tnh b hng th nn bn
II/ Mu cu + Ng php
-Mu cu:
V(
A
A ??
N ??
-Ng php: Mc d ~~~~,
Tri vi d on ca ngi ni v trc, v sau vn xy ra
-V d
+ ?
?
Mc d ti hc ch hn hng ngy vy m vn khng th nh nhiu
lm.
+??
?
Ci ca hng ny mc d khng ngon nhng gi t.
+??
?
Mc d chng ti nu n gii nhng chng my khi lm gip ti
+??
?
Hm nay tuy l ch nht m ti vn phi lm vic

85