B CNG THNG

TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP THC PHM TP. H CH MINH

KHOA THY SN
MN CNG NGH BAO B NG GI THC PHM


BI TIU LUN
ti: BAO B TETRAPAK


GVHD: L TH THANH HNG
LP: 02DHTS1
NHM 12




Tp.H Ch Minh, thng 5 nm 2014

1
LI M U ........................................................................................................................ 4
I. GII THIU BAO B TETRAPAK .............................................................................. 5
1.1 Lch s hnh thnh bao b tetrapak .......................................................................... 5
1.2 Khi nim bao b Tetrapak (Tetrabrik) ................................................................. 10
1.3 Mt s mu bao b ph bin ca TetraPak ............................................................ 10
1.3.1 Tetra Classic .................................................................................................. 10
1.3.2 Tetra Brik ....................................................................................................... 11
1.3.3 Tetra Recart .................................................................................................... 12
1.3.4 Tetra Rex ........................................................................................................ 12
II. PHNG PHP CH TO MNG NHIU LP .................................................... 13
1.1 Trc tip ................................................................................................................ 13
1.1.1 Phng php n cn trc tip ...................................................................... 13
1.1.2 Phng php n thi .................................................................................... 13
1.2 Phng php n cn gin tip: ............................................................................ 14
III. CC PHNG PHP GHP MNG ................................................................... 16
1.1 Phng php ghp t .......................................................................................... 16
1.2 Ghp kh khng dung mi .................................................................................... 17
1.3 Ghp n ............................................................................................................... 18
IV. THNH PHN CA BAO B TETRA PAK ......................................................... 18
1.1 Cu trc bao b Tetrapak: ...................................................................................... 18
1.1.1 Nguyn liu: ................................................................................................... 18
1.1.2 Cu trc ca giy Tetrapak: ........................................................................... 19
1.1.2.1 Lp 1 ....................................................................................................... 20
1.1.2.2 Lp 2 ....................................................................................................... 21
1.1.2.3 Lp 3 ....................................................................................................... 22
1.1.2.4 Lp 4 ....................................................................................................... 22
1.1.2.5 Lp 5 ....................................................................................................... 25
1.1.2.6 Lp 6 ....................................................................................................... 26
1.1.2.7 Lp 7 ....................................................................................................... 27
1.2 Phng php ng gi bao b Tetrapak ................................................................ 32
1.2.1 Mc tiu c im ca phng php Tetrapak .......................................... 32
1.2.1.1 c im ................................................................................................. 32
1.2.1.2 Mc tiu .................................................................................................. 32
1.2.2 Cch ng bao b tetra pak ............................................................................ 34
1.3 u Nhc im ca bao b tetrapak .................................................................. 34
2
1.3.1 u im ......................................................................................................... 34
1.3.2 Nhc im ................................................................................................... 35
1.4 ng dng ca bao b Tetra Pak ............................................................................. 35
1.5 X l sau khi s dng ............................................................................................ 36
TI LIU THAM KHO ................................................................................................... 38


3
DANH SCH NHM
STT H v tn MSSV
1 Gp Hng Lin 2006110030
2 L Qu Hu 2006110050
3 Hunh Nhi 2006110075
4 L Trng Hoi Nh 2006110080
5 Nguyn Th Hi Yn 2006110225


4
LI M U
Bao b ni chung v bao b thc phm ni ring c con ngi bit n
v s dng t lu i. Ty thuc vo tng giai on pht trin m cc hnh thc v
mu m bao b cng khc nhau.
Ban u, con ngi tn dng nhng vt liu t thin nhin nh l cy,v cy
lm dng c cha ng thc phm. Do vy, m bao b trong thi k ny cn
mang tnh s khai v cha th hin ht y cc chc nng ca n.
Sau , nh s pht trin ca cc ngnh nh: cng nghip gm, s; thy
tinh; cng nghip luyn kim; cng nghip giy; cng nghip cht do m ngnh
cng nghip bao b thc phm cng c nhng bc pht trin vt bc.
Chc nng ca bao b thc phm cng nh m m rng v hon thin
hn. Tuy nhin, ng trc nhu cu gia tng thi gian lu tr thc phm i hi
cc nh sn xut phi ch to ra mt loi bao b mi.
Hin nay trn th trng, bao b c s dng ph bin vi nhiu chng
loi, mu m rt a dng v phong ph. Bao b c cha ng tt c cc loi hng
ha trong qu trnh bo qun, vn chuyn, phn phi v kim tra. Ngy nay cc loi
bao b s dng ph bin c lm t cc vt liu thy tinh, kim loi, giy, nha,
PE,... u c tc dng bo v hng ha tt.
Ty theo phng php ng bao b m trn th trng c nhiu loi bao b
khc nhau. Mt trong cc loi bao b l bao b c ng bng phng php
tetrapak cn gi l bao b tetrapak hay bao b tetrabick.

5
I. GII THIU BAO B TETRAPAK
1.1 Lch s hnh thnh bao b tetrapak
- 1943 tng u tin l to ra mt loi bao b ng sa va an ton v sinh,
va tn t nguyn vt liu.
- 1946 ng Erik Wallenberg ny ra tng thng minh v bao b c dng t
din. V ng Ruben Rausing u t trin khai tng . Sau , ng Harry
Jrund ln tng v my chit rt sa cho loi bao b t din ny, gp phn lm
nn thnh cng ca Tetra Pak.
- 1950 ng k thng
hiu AB Tetra Pak.
- 1951 ng Ruben
Rausing thnh lp AB
Tetra Pak ti Lund (Thy
in). Ngy 18/5, Tetra
Pak ra mt bo gii thit b
chit rt mi.
- 1952 Tetra Pak bn
giao thit b chit rt u
tin cho khch hng.
- 1953 Bao b giy tr nn ph bin Thy in. Nh my Mjlkcentralen
(Stockholm, Thy in) bt u lp t thit b Tetra Pak u tin. Polyethylene
c s dng ph ngoi lp giy.
- 1954 Bao b giy ng sa u tin c sn xut ti Stockholm v thit b
Tetra Pak u tin c bn ra nc ngoi.
- 1956 Tetra Pak chuyn n c s sn xut mi Lund (Thy in).
- 1957 My rt cho bao b 1 lt u tin c lp ti nh my sa Linkping
(Thy in).
6
- 1958 Gii thiu thm nhiu loi my rt dnh cho bao b t din Tetra
Classic Aseptic vi cc dung tch khc nhau, gm loi 200 ml cho sa v nc
gii kht.
- 1960 Nh my bao b u tin nc ngoi c xy dng Mexico. Cng
sut hn 1 t bao b/nm.
- 1961 Tetra Pak ra mt thit b chit rt tit trng u tin ti Thun (Thy S)
- Bao b Tetra Brik Aseptic c gii thiu ti Thy in, cng sut nh my
hn 2,7 t bao b/nm.
- 1964 Tetra Classic Aseptic chim lnh th gii. My rt cho Tetra Classic
Aseptic u tin bn ngoi Chu u c lp ti Lebanon. Cng sut nh my
hn 3,5 t bao b/nm.
- 1965 Khnh thnh nh my bao b u tin Rubiera ().
- 1969 Ra mt bao b Tetra Brik Aseptic.
- 1970 Xy dng nh my bao b ti Arganda (Ty Ban Nha).
- 1971 Khnh thnh thm hai nh my: Gotemba (Nht Bn) v Dijon (Php).
- 1972 Lin bang S-vit bt u s dng bao b Tetra Brik Aseptic, K kt
tha thun cung cp 20 dy chuyn chit rt cho Tetra Brik vi doanh nghip S-
vit. M trung tm o to ti Nairobi (Kenya).
- 1973 Nh my Latina () bt u i vo sn xut. Tng cng sut vt 11 t
bao b/nm.
- 1974 c khai trng nh my bao b. Laiteria Cit (Canada) a Tetra Brik
Aseptic ra th trng Bc M. Thnh lp hai nhm pht trin sn phm ti an
Mch, do chnh Tin s Ruben Rausing lnh o.
- 1975 Chng trnh Sa hc ng ti Iran Nh my Moerdijk (H Lan) v
Romont (Thy S) bt u sn xut.
- 1976 Ra mt bao b Tetra King .
7
- 1977 Tng sn lng bao b do Tetra Pak sn xut vt mc 20 t. Gii
thiu bao b Tetra Brik Aseptic ti Hoa K. Khch hng bt u chy th my rt
cho bao b Tetra Rex Flat Top.
- 1978 Xy dng nh my bao b ti Monte Mor (Brazil). Tetra Pak ra mt xe
ti khng ngi li, phc v vn chuyn trong phm vi nh my. H thng ny
c lp ti nh my sa mi ca Arla ti Linkoping (Thy in).
- 1979 Tetra Pak bn giao my rt Tetra Brik Aseptic u tin cho Cng ha
nhn dn Trung Hoa. M ca nh my bao b mi ti Wrexham (Anh). Tng sn
lng bao b ca Tetra Pak t 22 t/nm.
- 1980 Thnh lp nh my lp rp v kim nh dy chuyn chit rt ti
Modena (). M ca nh my bao b mi ti Ti B o Nha. Tng sn lng
bao b Tetra Pak t hn 30 t/nm.
- 1981 Ban lnh o ca Tetra Pak chuyn t Lund (Thy in) ti Lausanne
(Thy S).
- 1982 Tetra Pak ra mt phng php in offset mi.
- 1983 Tin s Ruben Rausing, ngi sng lp ra Tetra Pak qua i. Tetra Pak
bt u sn xut ti Pakistan, Kenya v Phn Lan. M trng o to cho 600
hc vin ti Lund (Thy in), dnh cho k s lm vic ti nh my ca khch
hng. Tng sn lng ton cu cn mc 33 t bao b/nm.
- 1984 Khnh thnh 2 nh my bao b ti Denton (M) v Venezuela.
- 1985 Xy dng thm 2 nh my bao b mi, ti Argentina v Canada.
- 1986 Ra mt bao b Tetra Top
- 1987 Khnh thnh nh my bao b ti Bc Kinh (Trung Quc). Tetra Pak bt
u sn xut bao b ti nh my mi i Loan. Vi vic a vo hot ng 2
my rt ti Fiji thng 12/1987, my ca Tetra Pak c mt ti 100 quc gia.
- 1988 Tetra Pak bt u sn xut bao b mi ti Kiev (Ucraina). Khi cng 2
nh my ti n v Th Nh K.
8
- 1989 Bt u sn xut bao b Tetra Rex dng mi nghing ti nh my Hn
Quc v Ty Bc M . Tng sn lng t mc 51 t/nm.
- 1990 ng th nh my lin doanh ca Tetra Pak ti Budapest (Hungary)
- 1991 Tetra Pak mua li Alfa-Laval, mt trong nhng nh cung cp thit b
ch bin thc phm ln nht th gii. Thnh lp tp on Tetra Pak Alfa-Laval.
Khnh thnh nh my bao b ti Foshan (Trung Quc). Tng nng sut bao b
ton cu t 61 t/nm.
- 1993 Thnh lp tp on Tetra Laval vo ngy 1/1/1993, gm 4 ngnh cng
nghip, Tetra Pak, Tetra Laval Food, Alfa Laval v Alfa Laval Agri. Tng sn
lng bao b Tetra Pak vt qu 60 t/nm.
- 1995 Tetra Pak mua li Tebel MKT, m rng lnh vc kinh doanh sang sn
xut pho mt cng v mm. Tng sn lng bao b Tetra Pak vt qua mc 76
t/nm
- 1997 a vo hot ng 7 nh my mi (ti Trung Quc, Colombia, n ,
, Mexico v Anh) gip tng ng k sn lng bao b cung cp cho th gii.
Cho ra mt bao b Tetra Prisma Aseptic, Tetra Wedge Aseptic v Tetra Fino
Aseptic. Cng sut ton cu t 82 t bao b/nm.
- 1998 Gii thiu Tetra Top Mini GrandTab 250ml ti Nht Bn, c hnh dng
mnh, cnh trn, ming rng, gip rt v ung d dng. Tng sn lng ton cu
t 85 t bao b/nm.
- 1999 Khnh thnh nh my ti Ponta Grossa (Brazil). Tetra Pak mua li cng
ty Novembal (Php) chuyn sn xut cc loi np y v m.
- 2000 Tetra pak xut bn Bo co Mi trng u tin. Bo co Mi trng
Tetra Pak c t chc c lp nh gi l mt trong nhng bo co mi trng
hng u th gii.
- 2001 Sn xut v bn giao my chit rt cho bao b Tetra Fino Aseptic th
100 cho Trung Quc. Tng sn lng ton cu t 94 t bao b/nm.
9
- 2002 Tetra Pak ra mt dy chuyn tch hp ch bin v ng gi sa u
nnh u tin, t khu u ti khu cui. Thng 9/2002, Tetra Pak k nim 50
nm ngy thnh lp.
- 2003 Ra mt Tetra Recart.
- 2004 Tetra Pak pht trin nn tng mi cho thc phm cn tr lnh. Tetra
Pak C3/Flex c kh nng thch ng cao, cho php khch hng chuyn i dung
tch v sn phm d dng. Tetra Pak t 110 t bao b/nm.
- 2005 Ra mt Tetra Therm Aseptic Sensa.
- 2006 Gii thiu my rt cho Tetra Fino Aseptic tc nhanh.
- 2007 Ra mt bao b giy tit trng mi nghing u tin.
- 2008 Gii php ch bin Tetra Lactenso Aseptic cho sn xut sa tit trng
UHT t nhiu tiu chun mi v vn hnh, hot ng hiu qu, gim nguyn
liu u vo. Tetra Pak cn mc trn 141 t bao b/nm. Dy chuyn sn xut
Tetra Brik Aseptic 125S Tetra Pak A3/Speed iLine c cng sut cao vi chi ph
hot ng gim ti 40%.
- 2009 Tetra Pak t danh hiu "Bao b ca nm".
- 2010 Bao b dn nhn FSC bt u ph bin.
- 2011 Ra mt bao b giy dng chai u tin trn th gii Tetra Evero Aseptic
(TEA).
- 2012 Tetra Pak k nim 60 nm thnh lp.
Vo ngy 7/9/2012, Tetra Pak k nim 60 nm, k t ngy bn giao thit b chit rt
u tin cho khch hng.
Tetra Pak gii thiu Bao b Tetra Brik Aseptic 1000 Edge LightCap 30 v
cng b bn ra hn 26.4 t bao b giy dn nhn FSC.
Cch y hn 60 nm, Ruben Rausing c mt pht minh k diu v c
coi l mt cuc cch mng i vi ngnh giy cng nh ngnh thc phm. Ln u
tin trn th gii xut hin nhng hp giy carton Tetrapak c th ng c
sa, nc ung v thc phm.
10
Cc sn phm ca tp on bao b Tetrapak hin c mt ti hn 170 nc
trn th gii. Gn 20.000 cng nhn ang lm vic ti cc xng sn xut ca
Tetrapak em li doanh thu hng nm ln ti 8 t euro t bao b carton.
Ti M, Ruben Rausing nhn thy rng ngi ta s dng hp carton rt
nhiu. Trong cc trung tm thng mi, siu th, a s hng ha tiu dng, k c
go m, khoai ty v rau u c ng trong nhng hp carton. Ngay c nhiu
ung nh sa, nc ngt, tuy c ng chai thy tinh hay chai nhm nhng cng
trong hp giy cho d xp v d vn chuyn. iu ny khc hn vi thi quen v
truyn thng chu u l dng cc thng g hay hp g, hp st l chnh. D lc
cha kp ngh k l dng bao b carton c li g nhng Ruben Rausing rt
nhy bn nhn ra mt xu th mi: chc chn chu u cng s ph bin hnh thc
bao b ny.
1.2 Khi nim bao b Tetrapak (Tetrabrik)
Bao b Tetrapak c ng gi
thc phm vo theo phng php
Tetrapak l loi bao b mng ghp rt
nh nhm mc ch v trng, m bo
cht lng ti nguyn ban u cho sn
phm giu dinh dng v vitamin t
ngun nguyn liu. Bao b nh, c tnh
bo v mi trng, tin ch cho s
dng, chuyn ch, phn phi v bo
qun sn phm nhit thng vi thi gian di.
1.3 Mt s mu bao b ph bin ca TetraPak
1.3.1 Tetra Classic
Tetra Classic c dng hnh t din, l tng u tin ca tp on Tetra
Pak trong bc khi u chinh phc th trng bao b th gii, Tetra Classic ra i
11
nm 1952 v tr nn ph bin ngay sau . y l loi sn phm c lch s lu
i, sc cnh tranh cao, gi c phi chng v thit k bt mt.
Tetra Classic Aseptic thch hp ng nc p tri cy, sa, kem , tr lnh
v thc phm dng lng c snh/c cao.
u im:
Kiu dng bt mt, th v, thu ht ngi tiu dng
Gi thp, cht lng cao
Thit b rt tc cao, hiu sut tt
Bo qun sn phm nhit thng.
1.3.2 Tetra Brik
Tetra Brik vi hnh dng ch nht c kch thc hi cc tiu chun quc
t v bc d hng ha, ra i vo nm 1969 n nay y l loi bao b c th phn
ln nht trong cc sn phm bao b ca Tetra Pak hin nay. Ti Vit Nam dng bao
b ny c s dng kh nhiu trong cc sn phm nc tri cy, sa ti tit trng
ca Nestle, Vinamilk, Dutch Lady
Tetra Brik th h mi d s dng, d vn chuyn, to s khc bit nh thit
k mt trn nghing gc, d dng gy n tng trong vic trng by sn phm.
u im:
Gi thnh thp
Thun tin cho ngi s dng
D sp xp trong vn chuyn v lu tr trong kho lnh v ti nh
C nhiu loi np ng la chn, t loi n gin n loi c tnh
nng cao.
Tetra Brik c 5 kiu dng chnh (Base, Mid, Slim, Square and Edge) vi
nhiu hnh dng v dung tch khc nhau, t 200ml ti 1.000ml.
12
1.3.3 Tetra Recart
Tetra Recart l bao b giy u tin c th gia nhit, dnh cho cc loi thc
phm ng hp, bo qun nhit thng, v d nh rau, u, c chua, thc n
cho vt nui, sp v cc loi nc st.
Tetra Recart gi thc phm ch bin sn ti ngon ti 24 thng nhit thng
m khng cn dng ti cht bo qun. Tetra Recart an ton, hin i v tin dng.
u im
Qung b thng hiu tt, ni bt trn quy hng
Tit kim khng gian trng by ti 40%
D dng vn chuyn/lu kho nh hnh dng vung, trng lng nh
Thun tin, d m, d bo qun v ti ch c.
Bao b Tetra Recart c cc dng dung tch t 200 n 500ml, tt c u d
m bng cch x gc.
1.3.4 Tetra Rex
Tetra Rex l cc hp giy nh hnh sn c a vo my rout, ti y
chng s c b hp, hn y c rt y sn phm v hn nh li. Loi bao b
ny ti th trng Vit Nam chng ta d dng bt gp qua cc sn phm sa thanh
trng Lotha Milk.
Tetra Rex d dng khi rt, khi vn chuyn v c bit gii php blank-fed c
th gip chuyn i dung tch ch trong vi pht mt cch d dng. Bao b Tetra
Rex l gii php tuyt vi cho cc sn phm cn gi lnh.
u im:
ng tin cy, vi khong 200 t bao b c sn xut.
Gii php blank-fed gip chuyn i dung tch nhanh chng, d dng.
C nhiu loi np, kiu m hp v k thut in linh hot.
Cho php tng dung tch ti 2.000ml.
13
Bao b c bit gip bo qun sn phm c axit cao trong iu kin
thng.
C sn phm bao b FSC.
Thn thin vi mi trng: 80% vt liu trong bao b giy Tetra Rex loi 1
lt l bt giy, c lm t g - ngun ti nguyn c th ti to. Vi vic gii thiu
np sinh hc mi TwistCap OSO 34, t l vt liu c th ti to trong bao b giy
tng thm 4%, gip tng tnh thn thin vi mi trng ca bao b giy.
II. PHNG PHP CH TO MNG NHIU LP
C 2 phng php chnh: trc tip v gin tip
1.1 Trc tip
1.1.1 Phng php n cn trc tip
Nguyn tc: c thc hin rt n gin. T cc vt liu ban u l polymer
ngi ta cho vo nhng ng dn khc nhau trn thit b n cn sau c dn
vo mt ng ng chung v n cn trc tip ra cc mng ghp.
u im: tit kim thi gian v hn ch hin tng tch lp gia cc lp
mng ghp.
Nhc im: do trc tip n cn t nhiu loi vt liu nn s ng u b
mt khng cao. Phi da vo nng chy ca tng loi nha trc khi n p
cng nh cc vt liu n cn phi c cu trc tng t nhau.
1.1.2 Phng php n thi
Nha nng chy c y qua mt khe to hnh vnh khuyn, thng b tr
thng ng, to thnh mt ng thnh mng. Khng kh c a vo thng qua
mt l hng gia khun thi vo bn trong thi phng ng. Pha trn khun
ngi ta b tr mt vng khng kh tc cao lm ngui mng phim nng. ng
mng sau tip tc i ln, tip tc c lm lnh n khi n i qua con ln lm
dp li to thnh mng i. Mng i ny sau c a ra khi thp n thng
qua mt h thng cc con ln.
14
Thng thng, khong t l gia khun v ng mng thi t 1,5 - 4 ln so
vi ng knh khun. Mc ko cng ca mng khi chuyn t trng thi nng
chy sang ngui c theo chiu bn knh ln chiu dc ng c th d dng iu khin
bng cch thay i th tch khng kh bn trong ng v thay i tc ko. iu
ny gip cho mng thi n nh hn v tnh cht so vi mng c hay n truyn
thng ch c ko cng dc theo chiu n.


2.2 Phng php gin tip:
i vi phng php ny trc tin ngi ta phi sn xut ra cc loi mng
n khc nhau sau ghp chng li vi nhau theo phng php p nhit c hoc
khng c lp kt dnh.
Trong phng php ghp ny i hi cc mng ghp phi c s tng thch
v cu trc v b mt ca tng lp mng.
1.2 Phng php n cn gin tip:
Nguyn tc: cng c thc hin trn cng mt thit b nhng phng php
tin hnh khc nhau. Trn cng mt ng dn cc vt liu khng c n ra
cng lc m cc lp c n ra theo trnh t nht nh. Khi lp mng th nht
15
c n ra, lp nha u tin kh li hay ng rn th lp nha th hai c
tri ln lp nha th nht v trnh t c nh vy th mng ghp s c to ra.
u im: cc vt liu cho vo thit b n cn c th khc nhau v m bo
c ng u b mt sau khi n cn.
Nhc im: phng php ny mt kh nhiu thi gian so vi phng php
n cn trc tip.
Yu cu ca qu trnh:
- Trong qu trnh n cn nguyn liu plastic phi khng c ln
nc do nc s lm cho cu trc ht tr nn khng ng u v lm gim
lin kt gia cc ht plastic khi n cn.
- ng thi phi ch n nhit trong qu trnh n cn nu qu cao
c th gy h hng cu trc ca plastic.
- Lp mng phi c kh nng hn dn nhit tt v c tnh tr i vi
sn
- phm tnh chng thm tt.










16
III. CC PHNG PHP GHP MNG
1.1 Phng php ghp t
phng php ghp t l phng php ghp bng keo, ti thi im ghp
hai lp vt liu vi nhau cht kt dnh (keo) trng thi lng. y l phng php
ghp c s dng kh rng ri c bit ng dng nhiu nht khi ghp mng nhm
vi giy.
Keo s dng trong phng php ghp ny l dng keo polymer nhn to gc
nc.Trong qu trnh ghp keo trng thi lng chng s thm thu qua mt lp
vt liu v bay hi sau .









A. Cun x 1 E. B phn ghp dn
B. B phn trng keo F. Cc l p v cng mng
C. B phn sy G. Cun thu
D. Cun x 2
Keo c trng ln lp vt liu 1 t c tnh thm nc hn, sau ngay lp
tc c ghp vi lp vt liu th 2. B phn ghp gm cp l trong c mt l
c m Crom v mt l cao su. Sau khi ghp nc cha trong keo s bay hn ti
n v sy, keo kh to kt dnh gia hai lp vt liu.

17
1.2 Ghp kh khng dung mi
L phng php ghp bng keo, nh tn cng ngh ch ra, k thut ghp
mng khng dung mi khng s dng ti cc loi keo c gc dung mi m s dng
loi keo 100% rn. Nh ta c th gim mt cch ng k vic tiu th nng
lng tiu tn cho cc cng on sy kh dung mi trong keo hoc cho vic thi v
thng gi.
Keo c s dng l loi keo 1 hoc 2 thnh phn, loi keo mt thnh phn
c dng ch yu ghp vi giy.
ghp bng keo khng dung mi, i hi phi c b phn trng keo c
bit, bng cch dng trc trng keo phng thay v trc khc, gm cc trc c gia
nhit v cc trc cao su.
Sc cng b mt ca mng phi c ch c bit, x l bm dnh,
v bm dnh ban u ca keo rt yu khi cha kh. Lp keo c trng vo
khong t: 0.8-1.5g/m2.
Cc u im ca cng ngh ghp mng khng dung mi nh sau:
- Gim c ting n do bi khng c h thng thng gi
- Khng cn st dung mi trong lp mng ghp, do rt thch hp cho
vic dng lm bao b thc phm, dc phm
- Khng gy nhim khng kh
- Chi ph u t thp
- Khng cn sy qua nhit
- Khng cn bo v s n gy ra dung mi
- Yu cu v mt bng t
- Chi ph sn xut thp
- Tc sn xut cao.
Cng ngh ghp mng khng dung mi l cng ngh ghp mng tin tin
nht hin nay trong lnh vc ghp mng, cc nh sn xut v bin i bao b trn
th gii ang chuyn sang phng php ghp mng khng dung mi ny.
18
1.3 Ghp n
Phng php: s dng nhit lm tan chy b mt tip xc gia cc lp
vt liu. Sau dng p lc ghp cc lp vt liu vi nhau









IV. THNH PHN CA BAO B TETRA PAK
1.1 Cu trc bao b Tetrapak:
1.1.1 Nguyn liu:
V hp c xp thnh 6 lp khc nhau, t 3 loi nguyn liu, v trng nha
bn ngoi cng. Gm c:
Nhng lp giy ba v nha (75%)
Polyethylene (20%)
Lp l nhm siu mng (5%).
V hp giy cng s dng lp nhm gip tn tr sn phm nhit
bnh thng trong thi gian di. y l mt lp nhm mng m dy ch 0,0063
mm, tc l mng gp 10 ln so vi dy ca mt si tc. 6 lp ca bao b giy
c thit k mi lp u c nhng tc dng nht nh trong vic bo v thc
phm.
Cc loi vt liu ny c p mt cch kho lo to thnh mt cu trc
bn vng.
19
1.1.2 Cu trc ca giy Tetrapak:
Lp 1 (mng HDPE): chng thm nc, bo v lp in bn trong bng
giy v trnh b try xc.
Lp 2 (giy in n): trang tr v in nhn.
Lp 3 (giy kraft): c th gp np to hnh dng ht, lp ny c
cng v chu ng c nhng va chm c hc.
Lp 4 ( mng copolymer ca PE): lp keo kt dnh gia giy kraft v
mng nhm.
Lp 5 (mng nhm): ngn chn m, nh sang, kh v hi.
Lp 6 (ionomer hoc copolymer ca PE): lp keo kt dnh gia mng
nhm v mng HDPE trong cng.
Lp 7 (LDPE): cho php bao b d hn v to lp tr tip xc vi sn
phm bn trong

Hnh: Cu trc bao b Tetrapak

20
1.1.2.1 Lp 1
Mng HDPE chng thm nc, bo v lp in bn trong bng giy v trnh b
try xc.
HDPE
Cu trc:

HDPE (Hight Density Polyethylene) c cu to bi a s cc chui
polyethylene thng c sp xp song song, mch thng ca monomer c nhnh rt
ngn v s nhnh khng nhiu.
Tnh cht:
HDPE c tnh vng cao, trong sut nhng c mc m c cao hn LDPE,
bng b mt khng cao, c th ch to thnh mng c do c ph gia TiO
2
kh
nng bn nhit cao hn LDPE, nhit ha mm do l t
nc
= 121
0
C, nn c th lm
bao b thc phm p dng ch thanh trng Pasteur, hoc lm bao b ng lnh
nh thy sn: t
min
= -46
0
C, t
hn
= 140 180
0
C.
Ngoi tnh cng vng cao HDPE c bn c hc cao, sc bn ko, sc bn
va chm, bn x u cao hn LDPE v LLDPE, nhng vn b ko dn, gy ph v
cu trc polyme di tc dng ca lc hoc ti trng cao.
+ Tnh chng thm nc, hi nc tt.
+ Tnh chng thm cht bo (tt hn LDPE v LLDPE).
+ Tnh chng thm kh, hng (tt hn LDPE v LLDPE).
+ Kh nng in n tt (tt hn so vi LDPE v tng ng LLDPE).

21
- Cng dng ca HDPE:
+ HDPE c cng vng cao, tnh chng thm kh, hi kh tt, tnh bn c
hc cao nn dng lm vt cha ng nh cc thng (can cha ng) c th
tch 1-20 lt vi dy khc nhau m bo cng vng ca bao b theo
khi lng cha ng.
+ Ti xch cha cc loi vt, vt phm, lp bao bc ngoi vn chuyn vt
phm i.
+ Np ca mt s chai l thy tinh hoc plastic.
+ HDPE thng khng lm bao b dnh ti bao gi thc phm chng oxy
ha, lm chai l chng oxy ha cho sn phm, thc phm hoc dc
phaamrkhi c dy 0,5mm
+ MDPE c tnh nng trung gian gia LDPE v HDPE.
1.1.2.2 Lp 2
Giy in n: trang tr v in nhn.
Giy ba
Giy ba l loi sn phm giy c bit dy v c dng trong sn xut cc
loi bao b khc nhau. Giy ba th thng c dy nh nht bng 0,254mm, ch
to n th cng cp nhiu hn so vi bo v
giy in my tnh. y l loi giy mng hn
so vi giy cactong lm thng.
Giy ba th c mt khp ni trong x
hi ngy nay v c dng ng gi cc
mt hng thng dng, hu ht l cc sn
phm thc phm bi v n d dng ct v to
hnh, c trng lng nh, chc chn v ph
bin trong mt s cng nghip nh l bao b.


22
u im
Giy v sn phm bng giy da
to thnh mt nguyn liu ng gi
tuyt vi sa v cc sn phm sa.
Giy chng m, rau giy da giy, giy
glassine, giy trng sp, giy trng
nha, tm giy, vn si rn, vn lt,
bng hp, .Cc giy t c s dng
dng hp, ti, giy gi, hp,
cc,.Li th ca vic s dng giy l n c trng lng, kh nng in n trn b
mt v s dng d dng, d to hnh.
Nhc im: d thm nc, rch, chi ph cao.
1.1.2.3 Lp 3
Giy 3 (giy kraft): to hnh dng hp, cng, dai, chu ng c nhng va chm
c hc.
1.1.2.4 Lp 4
Mng PE: lp keo kt dnh gia lp giy kraft v mng nhm.
Lp kt dnh gia nhm v giy kraft c cu to bi PE ng trng hp l
lp chng thm ph tr cho lp PE trong cng v lp mng nhm mng; mng
nhm chng thm kh, hi v hi nc tt.
Cht kt dnh copolymer PE
Cc loi PE ng trng hp (EVA, EVOH, EAA, EBA, EMA, EMAA).
Plastic ng trng hp l s kt hp ng nht ca ethylene v cc monomer
khc, c pht trin v c nhiu ng dng trong nhiu nm qua. Trong cc sn
phm ny th t l PE thng cao v l thnh phn phi liu chnh.
iu kin to nn loi plastic PE ng trng hp: cc monomer khc phi
c s tng ng ha hc vi ethylene, phn ng trng hp c din ra iu
kin thch hp v ch xc tc, nhit , thi gian, p sut.
23
PE c ng trng hp kt dnh cc loi vt liu li vi nhau. Tng lng
cht kt dnh ca cc lp rt nh khong 15-20% khi lng mng chnh, chiu dy
khong 3. Cht kt dnh thng c ghp l nhm ngn cn nh sng thy
c hoc tia t ngoi.
Lp PE c ghp trong cng to kh nng hn dn nhit tt, d dng, c
kh nng chu nhit, chu lnh.
EVA

EVA l copolyme ng trng hp ca ethylen v vinyl acetat.
Theo l thuyt th t l ca vinyl acetattrong copolyme c th trong khong
1-99%, nhng trong thc t sn phm thng mi thng c t l vinyl aceta (VA)
trong khong thp hn 50%. Loi EVA c t l 21-50% VA th dng nh cht ph
gia lm nn v cht kt dnh. T l phi trn VA thay i c nh hng n tnh
cht ca EVA.
Mng EVA c th c sn xut theo phng php thi hoc c theo
dy yu cu. Loi mng EVA c t l VA khong 7-8%th c tnh cht ging nh
LDPE, nhng mng c c t l EVA khong 15-20% th c tnh cht kh ging vi
PVC nhng do dai hn c dng lm mng co.
Tnh cht ca mng EVA thay i theo t l ca VA trong phn t nhng
nhn chung nu so snh vi LDPE:
- Nhit hn ghp m thp hn.
24
- bn c cao hn.
- Tnh chng thm kh v
hi nc thp hn.
- Cc c tnh c n nh
nhit thng.
- Tnh cht trt ca EVA
thp, tc h s ma st cao.
- EVA c th hn bng nhit nhng i hi nng lng cao hn PVC.
- Kh nng in tt.
- EVA d b h hng nhit cao.
Tm li, EVA c c im l tnh mm do cao, c nhit hn ghp m thp
hn so vi PE. V phng tin hn dn th chng tt hn vi polyme khc. Khi
EVA b h hng cu trc th khng gy nhim mi trng. Mt trong nhng hn
ch ca EVA l ma st cao, v th cn tng thm cht ph gia ca tc nhn trt
to bng long b mt.
EVOH (Ethylene vinyl ancohol EVAL)
- C tnh chng thm oxy ha, tng theo s tng hm lng vinyl ancohol.
- C tnh thm nc.
EAA (Ethylene acid acryclic)
- C kh nng bm dnh cao nh nhm acid acrylic, nhng ng thi cng c
tnh n mn thit b.
- Loi EAA thng c ch to thnh mng mng 6-8g/m2, lm tng cht
kt dnh gia cc loi plastic trong mng ghp.
EBA (Ethylene butylacrylate)
- C ng dng nh EVA, nhng c tnh bn nhit cao.
EMA (Ethylene methylacrylate)
- Chu c nhit kh cao.
- Khng ht m.
25
- C tnh bm dnh cao lm lp keo dn gia cc lp plastic trong mng
ghp (OPP, PVDC)
EMAA (Ethylene methyl acid methacrylic surlyn)
- Tnc EMAA < tnc LDPE.
- Chng thm cht bo cao.
- Tnh hn dn tt v nhit hn thp hn LDPE.
- Tnh bn c cao.
EMAA l nguyn liu sn xut ionomer, khi nhm acid c trung ha bi
ion Na
+
hoc Zn
2

1.1.2.5 Lp 5
Mng nhm: ngn chn m, nh sng v kh tr.
Mng Al
Nhm c dng dng l nhm ghp vi plastic mc ch chng thot
hng, chng tia cc tm. Nhm c s dng lm bao b thc phm c tinh
khit t 99-98%. Nhm dng l c th c dy nh sau: 7, 9, 12, 15 v 18 .
L nhm thng c nhng l li ti: vi dy 7 , c th c 800 /m
2
l,
dy 9 s c khong 200 l/m
2
. Tnh trung bnh tng din tch l hng trn b
mt l nhm c n 2mm
2
/m
2
l nhm.
Do c tnh mm do, l nhm c th p st b mt thc phm, ngn cn s
tip xc vi khng kh, vi sinh vt, hi nc. Do mng nhm thch hp bo
qun cc thc phm giu protein, giu cht bo chng s oxy ha bi O
2
v ngn
nga s tng m khin vi sinh vt khng th
pht trin.
u im: dn in v nhit tt,
nng chy cao v sng bng, kn, chng nh
sng, chng thot hi v s xm nhp hi
nc v cc loi vi khun, vt liu chc chn
26
v bn vng, d to dng, cn dt mng, quy trnh sn xut n gin.
Nhc im: nhit, khng linh hot, r st, tc ng bi phn ng ha
hc, gi thnh cao, tn nng lng khi ti ch.
1.1.2.6 Lp 6
- Ionome: lp keo kt dnh gia mng nhm v mng PE trong cng.
Cht kt dnh ionomer
Cu trc
- Ionomer l loi plastic m trong phn t polyme c cha nguyn t
kim loi, to mi lin kt ngang gia cc mch polyme bng lin kt cng
ha tr hoc lin kt ion. Bn cnh cng tn ti s lin kt gia cc ion
kim loi v mt s nhm chc ca chui.
- Lin kt ion c nng lng cao hn cac lin kt khc trong chui
polyme nn chng s b sung mt s tnh cht mi cho polyme.
- Surlyn A tn thng mi c ch to bi cng ty Du Pont ch
to da trn c s ca ethylene, c nhng tnh cht tng t nh
polyethylene. Nhm cacboxyl ca mch polyme lin kt vi ion kim loi
nh: Na
+
, K
+
, Mg
2+
v Zn
2+
. Mt inomer tiu biu c tm thy cha 2,8%
Na c ng lng: 17 nguyn t Na/100 nguyn t C.
Tnh cht
- Ko mm do
- Trong sut, c khong 1% i vi mng dy 0,03mm.
- Cng, tnh vng cao, vn gi nguyn tnh cht ny ngay c iu
kin nhit thp t
0
min
= -99
0
C.
- Ionome cng vng hn PE 10 ln trong cng iu kin, do d gp
xp, dng bao gi nhng sn phm c gc cnh mt cch d dng hn PE v
PE lun lun c trng thi mm do nn khi gp xp khng gi np gp, cc
nhm c cc c trong phn t ionomer s to tnh nng hp th tia hng
ngoi v s c t nng bng n hng ngoi.
27
- Chng mi mn tt, c th so snh vi PC.
- Tnh chng thm du m cao (nhng tnh nng ny gim dn theo s
tng nhit ).
- Ionomer khng b n mn bi mi trng kim m hoc long,
nhng b n mn bi acid.
- Khng b h hng bi cetone ester v alcohol nhng b chy mm
trong cc loi dung mi hydrocacbon.
- Tnh chng thm kh tng t nh PE, nhng tnh chng thm hi cao
hn PE.
- C kh nng in n tt hn PE nhng vn b x l b mt ny.
- C th hn dn ghp m bng nhit.
1.1.2.7 Lp 7
LDPE cho php bao b d hn v to lp tr tip xc vi sn phm bn trong.
LDPE


c im
- T trng 0,91-0,925 g/cm
2
.
- Trong nhng c nh hi m, bng b mt kh cao.
28
- B ko di v d t di tc dng lc.
- Tnh chu nhit:
+ t
nc
= 93
0
C
+ t
min
= -57
0
C
+ t
hn
= 120-150
0
C
- Kh nng chng li cc tc nhn
+ Chng thm nc tt.
+ Chng thm cc kh: O
2
, CO
2
, N
2
v hi nc km.
+ Chng thm du m km.
+ Bn i vi acid, kim, mui v c
+ B h hng trong dung mi hu c.
- Kh nng in n trn bao b LDPE km, khi b chiu x th tr nn vng, trong
sut, cng, gin hn.
ng dng
- Dng lm bao b cho sn phm lnh ng, v sau khi bao gi, sn phm c
bo qun -18
0
C.
- Dng lm lp trong cng ca bao b nhiu lp d dng hn dn nhit.
- Ti cha ng vt phm cc loi mt cch tm thi.
- LDPE thng dng lm lp lt trong cng ca bao b ghp nhiu lp hn
dn d dng do nhit hn thp, mi hn p, khng b rch, cu to bao b
soa cho lp plastic bn ngoi c nhit n hn cao hn nhit hn PE, kh
tip xc trc tip vi b phn mi hn s khng b t hoc rch.
Cu trc c tnh ca LDPE:
- c im cu trc ca LLDPE so vi LDPE: cc chui polyme thng hn,
kch thc ngn hn v cha a s mch nhnh ngn, s mch ngn cng t
hn so vi LDPE, v vy m to nn t l vng kt tinh cao hn so vi LDPE.
29
- LLDPE c ch to da trn c s ch to LDPE, nhng c trng hp
iu kin p sut thp hn so vi LDPE (689-2068 kn/m
2
) nhit khong
180-250
0
C.
c tnh ca mng bao b LDPE: mng LDPE v LLDPE trong sut, hi c
nh m, c b mt bng lng, mm do.
- Tnh chng thm oxy km nn khng th dng lm bao b chng oxy ha.
- Tc thm thu kh O
2
(cm
3
/25m/ m
2
/24h/atm 23
0
C) = 6000
- Tc thm thu hi nc (g/225m/ m
2
/24h/atm 38
0
C, RH 90%) = 20
- Tc thm thu CO
2
(cm
3
/25m/ m
2
/24h/atm 23
0
C) = 3000
- Tc thm thu kh qua mng c tnh bng th tch kh (cm
3
)thm thu
qua mng c dy tiu chun 25 m qua din tch mng l 1m
2
, trong thi gian
24h, o sut 1atm v nhit 23
0
C.
- Tc hi thm thu qua mng c tnh bng khi lng hi (g) thm thu
qua mng nh iu kin tiu chun i vi kh nhng nhit 38
0
C v hm m
khng kh l 90%.
- Tnh chu nhit ca hai loi nh sau:
t
0
LDPE LLDPE
t
nc
85-93
0
C
95-180
0
C
t
min

-57
0
C
-57
0
C
t
hn
100-110
0
C
120-200
0
C

o t
nc
: nhit plastic bt u mm do
- LDPE c im mm thp hn 100
0
C, do khng th s dng lm bao b
thc phm c thanh trng, tit trng bng hi nc sy bng khng kh nng
khong 100
0
C nhng LDPE c hn dn nhit d dng, cho nn c dng lm
lp trong cc bao b ghp hn kn, nhit hn dn gn bng 100
0
C
- Bn nhit 6070
0
C
30
- Chng thm nc v hi nc tt
- Tnh chng thm kh O
2
, CO
2
, N
2
u km
- LDPE c tnh chng thm du m km (c th b du m thm qua mng)
- Tnh bn ha hc cao di tc dng ca acid, kim, dung mi mui v c.
- LDPE b cng phng v h hng khi tip xc vi cc dung mi hu c
hydrocarbon v hydrocarbon thm, du ha, tinh u thc vt v cc cht ty ra
nh H
2
O
2
, HClO,cc cht ny c th thm qua bao b LDPE, lm t gy mch
polymer, gy h hng bao b.
- Mng PE chiu x s c nhng bin i nh:
- Vng hn, trong sut cao hn
- Tr nn cng v dn hn
- Chu nhit tt hn, c th khng b h hng 105
0
C trong thi gian kh di
hoc chu c nhit 230
0
C trong thi gian ngn.
- Cc loi PE c sn xut c dy tm 25100m, mng ph bn ngoi th
c dy 1020m
- Kh nng in n trn b mt PE khng cao, d b nhe nt do in mng PE c
th b ko dn
- PE c th cho kh hng thm thu xuyn qua, do PE cng c th hp thu
gi mi trong bn thn bao b, v chnh mi ny c th c hp th bi thc
phm, gy mt gi tr cm quan thc phm.
Vic s dng mng nhm, mng ionomer dng cht keo kt dnh, mng PE
trong cng to nn tnh thun li cho bao b tetra brik v ni cm ng vo ht l
b mt hnh trn to ch bi ba lp ny, to s d dng c l bng u nhn ca
ng ht.
Trong loi bao b ny mng PE c s dng lp li ba ln vi ba chc nng
khc nhau: to lp che ph ngoi cng (bng HDPE), to lp trong cng d hn
nhit ghp m thn
31

Hnh Mt s sn phm ng trong bao b tetra pak
Bao b Tetrabrik s dng loi plastic PE lp li 4 ln vi ba chc nng
khc nhau.mi lp mng PE c s dng vi mc ch t hiu qu kinh t cao
nh: to lp che ph bn ngoi cng (bng HDPE), to lp mng trong cng d hn
nhit (ghp m thn bng LDPE) ch p dng nhit hn khong 110120
o
C).
Lp kt dnh gia lp Al v giy Kraft, c cu to bi vt liu PE ng
trng hp. l s b tr cn thit v lp ny cng l lp chng thm ph tr cho
lp PE trong cng v lp mng Al mng: mng Al chng thm kh, hi v hi nc
tt.
Vic s dng mng Al, mng ionomer dng cht keo kt dnh, v mng PE
trong cng (cc lp 5,6,7) to nn tnh thun li cho bao b tetrabrik: v ni cm
ng ht vo ung l b mt hnh trn nh c che ch bi ch 3 lp ny, to s
d dng c l bng u nhn ca ng ht bng plastic, nu dng lp plastic khc
PE th khng th c l mt cch d dng. Lp mng Al c dng trong trng
hp ny tr gip cho kh nng chng thm kh hi ca mng PE, ng thi
chng nh sang i xuyn qua mng PE v tr c l cm ng ht.
32
Hp Tetrabrik thng c hn thn theo cch a mi ghp m c thng:
khi hai m thn ghp li bng phng php hn nhit th ng thi ti m ghp bn
trong hp c ph mt lp HDPE c m bo kn cho sn phm.
1.2 Phng php ng gi bao b Tetrapak
1.2.1 Mc tiu c im ca phng php Tetrapak
1.2.1.1 c im
- Nh
- Bo v mi trng
- D vn chuyn
- Bo qun sn phm nhit thng vi thi gian di
- c tit trng trc khi rt dch thnh phm
- Phng php ng gi bao b tetra pak i i cng phng php UHT.
1.2.1.2 Mc tiu
Bao b tetrapak c ng thc phm vo theo phng php Tetrapak l loi
bao b mng ghp rt nh nhm mc ch v trng, m bo cht lng ti ban
u nguyn cho sn phm giu dinh dng v vitamin t ngun nguyn liu. Bao b
nh, c tnh bo v mi trng, tin ch s dng, chuyn ch, phn phi v bo
qun sn phm nhit thng vi thi gian di.
Cc loi thc phm sau khi hon tt cc cng on x l, ch bin, c
ng bao b, thanh trng, tit trng hoc cng c loi khng p dng ch tit
trng thanh trng. Ty theo cng ngh ch bin v bn cht sn phm, thnh phm
c th c tit trng ri mi ng bao b vi vt liu bao b tit trng.
i vi cc loi bao b nh: chai thy tinh, lon kim loi, bnh plastic (HDPE,
PP) th dch thc ung thnh phm ni ring, thc phm ni chung, c chit rt
vo bao b, ng np v thanh trng theo cc ch nhit khc nhau ty theo bn
cht ca loi thc phm, loi thc ung (cn c trn cu trc ngun nguyn liu,
thnh ph v trng thi ca thc phm, thc ung).
33
Dch lng c thanh trng nhit thp: nh sa ti trc khi ch bin
c thanh trng pasteur khong 72
0
C trong thi gian 1015 pht hoc 80
0
C
trong 5 pht. Dch sa thnh phm c th c thanh trng theo ch nh sau
(nhit t
0
C, thi gian ): t
0
=120
0
C, = 9 pht, sn phm sa chua dng lng c
thanh trng t
0
= 105
0
C, = 9 pht hoc i vi vi cc loi sa ti, nc p qu
c th c tit trng 143
0
C trong 6 giy trong thit b tit trng lin tc, dng
ng lng ng, dch sa chy trong ng vi tc cao do p lc hi qu nhit , hi
nc qu nhit c lun chuyn trong v ng vi p lc cao v sau c ng
vo bao b Tetrapak.
Cc dng nc p rau qu c th c rt chai, rt hp kim loi ri thanh
trng t
0
= 80 100
0
C trong thi gian t = 10 15 pht ty theo pH ca dch rau
qu.
Phng thc ng bao b Tetrapak c p dng cho nhng thc ung dng lng,
ng nht hoc huyn ph, nh tng vi kch thc ht rt nh, nht khng qua
cao nh dng sa bo, sa gy, nc p rau qu.
Theo phng php ng gi Tetrapak, thc ung c tit trng trc khi
ng vo bao b: bao b Tetrapak dng phc hp c tit trng ring bng hi
H
2
O
2
trc khi c rt dch thnh phm vo. Dch lng bng nhit cao, thi
gian cc ngn: t
0
= 143
0
C, = 6 giy, thi gian nng v h nhit tit trng cng
xy ra rt nhanh: 5 6 pht.
Bn cht ca phng php ny l tit trng ring l thc ung dng lng v
bao b sau rt nh lng vo bao b v hn kn trong mi trng v trng.
Sau khi ng bao b, sn phm c gi nhit thng trong thi gian
khong 6 thng vn m bo cht lng sn phm. sau khi m bao b s dng, phn
thc phm cn tha li trong bao b phi c bao qun lnh 5 10
0
C hoc 80
0
C
v trong thi gian bo qun c th l 5 ngy.
Phng php ng bao b Tetrapak i kt hp vi phng php tit trng
nhit cao, thi gian cc ngn gi l phng php UHT (Ultra High Temperature)
34
m bo cho sn phm khng b bin i mu, mi, nh sm mu v tr nn c mi
nu.
1.2.2 Cch ng bao b tetra pak
Cc lp vt liu giy c in nhn theo yu cu ca c s sn xut, sau
c ghp cng vi cc lp vt liu khc v qun thnh tng cun c chiu rng
bng chu vi ca thn tr hp (phi c phn ghp m v thn).
Trc khi chit rt, cun giy c tit trng bng hi H
2
O
2
trong phng kn
v trng v c a vo my hn dc thn hp v ghp y. Sau dch thc
phm c rt nh lng vo hp v bao b c hn ghp m u, ct ri, xp
gc. Hp sn phm c dng nc phun lm sch cht lng dnh cc mi hn
u v y, sau c thi khng kh nng kh hp.
1.3 u Nhc im ca bao b tetrapak
1.3.1 u im
- Trc tin v mt kinh t, bao b Tetra Pak r hn rt nhiu so vi cc bao b
bng thy tinh, bng g hay kim loi
- Gim tn tht ti a hm lng vitamin (gim hn 30% so vi chai thy
tinh)
- m bo cho sn phm khng b bin i mu, mi
- nhit thng thi gian bo qun thc phm di hn so vi cc loi bao
b khc
- Ngn cn s tc ng ca nh sng v oxy
- D dng vn chuyn v s dng
- C th ti ch nn gim thiu c nhim mi trng
- m bo cho sn phm c v trng tuyt i
- c bit li th l chi ph vn chuyn gim, siu nh nhng bn v dai
- Tetra Pak thun tin hn nhiu v khng phi lu gi v chai hay can nhm
i i hay tr li
- Kh nng ti sinh tt
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- Gi c cc vitamin cn nguyn vn n tay ngi tiu dng
- Bo m cho sa, thc phm gi nguyn c hng v ca chng
- B mt tng i phng, trng ca giy m bo cho tnh cht ca hnh
nh to thnh ro chn gip cho cc loi thc phm dng lng n nh khng b
xm hi bi cc tc nhn (vi sinh) c th xut hin bi nh sng v khng kh
- Khng cn dng n h thng tr lnh v xe ng lnh trong qu trnh phn
phi sn phm
- Cc h thng ch bin v ng gi Tetra Pak vn hnh n gin, tit gim
chi ph thit b, kinh t trong vic phn phi
- C kh nng chng thm mi, kh, du m v s xm nhp ca vi sinh vt.
1.3.2 Nhc im
- Khng chu c nhit cao
- Kh nng chu lc khng cao
- Khng chu c va chm mnh, bin dng trong khi vn chuyn v trng
by
- D thm nc lm cho bao b d rch
- Khng th nhn thy c sn phm bn trong
1.4 ng dng ca bao b Tetra Pak
p dng cho nhng loi thc ung dng lng, ng nht hoc huyn ph, nh
tng vi kch thc ht rt nh, nht khng qu cao nh nc p rau qu.

nh Mt s ng dng ca bao b Tetra ak
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Khng ch c sa Hin nay, rt nhiu loi thc phm lng nh sa, nc
tri cy v thc ung, ru, nc, sn phm t c chua, sp, mn trng ming, u
nnh v cc sn phm dinh dng khc ang c ng trong hp giy.
1.5 X l sau khi s dng
- Bao b tetra pak sau khi s dng c thu gom v ti ch, sau ti ch c th
tn dng ti 50% - 55% bt giy.
- S dng bao b v ti ch bao b tetra pak qua s dng em li nhiu li
ch to ln. Mt khc, giy c th ti ch 6 ln trc khi chn lp hoc t b. v
vy, vic lm ny t c mc tiu v tit kim nng lng, bo v mi trng.
- Chng ta c th ti ch thnh nhng sn phm gi tr v c bit khng gy
nhim mi trng nh tm lp nh, vn p chng thm, phn bn, vn phng
phm, danh thip, v bt ch, bao th
V d: Quy trnh ti ch v hp sa
- Bc 1: X l v hp sa bng thy lc
- V hp sa c thy lc nh ti trong vng 20 pht, tch giy khi cc
thnh phn cn li l nhm v nha.
- Bc 2: Tch giy v nhm/nha
- Bt giy lt qua mt sng di y thy lc, i v b cha. Nhm/nha gi
li trn mt sng c a v lng quay ra sch bt giy ln na trc khi
chuyn sang nh my mi lp.
- Bc 3: Bt giy t v hp sa l bt c cht lng cao, si di, dng sn
xut giy carton.
- Bc 4: Sy kh nhm nha
- Nhm/nha sau khi ra sch c chuyn qua bng ti n lng sy v bm
nh.
- Bc 5: p nhit
- Nguyn liu bm nh c chuyn vo my p nhit 1.500C, p vi lc
80 tn/m2 trong thi gian 8 pht thnh cc ming mng dy 4,5mm.
- Bc 6: Hon thin thnh phm
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Sau c chuyn qua my p to sng, nh hnh sng cho sn phm. Cui
cng l cng on ct theo ng kch thc v kim tra thnh phm.

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TI LIU THAM KHO
1. PGS.PTS. Nguyn Xch Lin, K thut Chiu Xa Ph Gia Bao B,
Trng H K thut TPHCM, Khoa k thut ha hc v du kh, B mn
cng ngh thc phm, 1998
2. K thut bao b thc phm, ng Th Anh o, NXB i hc quc gia thnh
ph H Ch Minh 2008.
3. http://www.lantabrand.com/cat12news4466.html
4. http://phapluattp.vn/20091220110215959p0c1018/bai-5-nhung-san-pham-
gia-tri-cao-tu-bao-bi-giay.