1

GII PHNG TRNH

Bi 1. Gii phng trnh
2 4 2
1
3 1 1 (1.1)
3
x x x x + = + +
Gii
Xt 0 x = khng l nghim ca (1.1) PT .
Vi 0 x = , chia 2 v ca (1) PT cho
3 5 3 5
; 0
2 2
x
1
+
e >
1
]
, ta c
2
2
1 1 1
3 1 (1.2)
3
x x
x x
+ = + +
t
1
2 x y
x
+ = > , (1.2) PT thnh
,
,
2
2 2
3
1
3 1 2 .
3 6 9 1
3
y
y y y t m
y y y
s

= =

+ =

Khi
,
1
2 1 . x x t m
x
+ = =
Vy (1.1) PT c nghim duy nht 1 x =
Bi 2. Gii phng trnh
,
2
2
2
4
12 (2.1)
2
x
x
x
+ =

Gii
iu kin. 2 x = .
Cch 1. Bin i tng ng , 2.1 PT ta c
,
2 2
2
2
2 4 4
2 . 12
2 2
2
x x x
x x
x x
x
+ + =

2
2
2
2 4
12
2 2
x x
x
x x
| |
+ =
|

\ .
,
2
2 2
4
12 0 2.2
2 2
x x
x x
| |
=
|

\ .
t
,
2
2.3
2
x
y
x
=

, , 2.2 PT thnh
,
,
,
2.3 2
2
2.3 2
2 2 4 0
4 12 0
6 6 12 0
y x x
y y
y x x VN

= + =
=
= + =

Gii ra ta c tp nghim ca (2.1) PT

, ,
1 5 S =
Cch 2. D thy 0 x = khng phi l nghim ca , 2.1 PT .
t
2 1 1 1
0
2 2
x
y
x y x
= = =

. Ta c h phng trnh
2 2
12
1 1 1
2
x y
x y
+ =

+ =

t
,
2
, 4 S x y P xy S P = + = > , h phng trnh trn thnh
2
2
2 12
4 12 0
1
2
2
S P
S S
S
P S
P
=
=

= =

,
2 6
4 12
S S
VN
P P
= =

v

= =

Suy ra , x y l nghim ca PT
2
2 4 0 X X + = (nh l Vite)
T cng suy ra c nghim ca , 2.1 PT l
1 5 x =
Bi 3. Gii phng trnh
, ,
4 2
4 5 2 3.1 x x x + =
3
Gii
Ta c
,
4 3
3.1 5 10 4 0 PT x x x + + =
D thy 0 x = khng l nghim ca phng trnh, chia 2 v cho
2
x ta
c
2
2
10 4
5 0 x x
x x
+ + =
,
2
2
4 2
5 0 3.2 x x
x x
| |
+ =
|
\ .
t
,
2
3.3 y x
x
= , , 3.2 PT thnh
,
,
3.3 2
2
3.3 2
1 2 0
5 4 0
4 4 2 0
y x x
y y
y x x

= =
+ =

= =

Gii ra ta c tp nghim ca , 3.1 PT

, ,
1; 2; 2 6 S =
Bi 4. Gii phng trnh
,
,
3 2
3
3
3
2 0 4.1
1
1
x x
x
x
x
+ + =

Gii
iu kin. 1 x = .
p dng hng ng thc , ,
3
3 3
3 a b a b ab a b + = + + , ta c
,
3
2 2
3
4.1 3 2 0
1 1 1 1
x x x x
PT x x
x x x x
| | | |
+ + + =
| |

\ . \ .
,
3 2
2 2 2
3
3 2 0 4.2
1 1 1
x x x
x x x
| | | |
+ =
| |

\ . \ .
4
t
,
2
4.3
1
x
y
x
=

, , 4.2 PT thnh
,
3
3 2
3 3 2 0 1 1 2 y y y y y + = = =
T , 4.3 suy ra ,
2
2 2 0 x x VN + = .
Vy tp nghim ca , 4.1 PT
S = C
Bi 5. Gii phng trnh
,
2
2 1 5 1 1 5.1 x x x + = +
Gii
iu kin. 1 x > .
Ta c:
, , ,
2
3 2 2 1 2 1 1 5 1 0 (5.2) x x x x x x + + + + =
D thy 1 x = l mt nghim ca , 5.1 PT , vi 1 x =
, ,
, , ,
2 2
2
1 1 1 5 1
5.2 3 2 2 0
1 1 1 5 1
x x x x
PT x x
x x x x
+ +
+ + + =
+ + +
,
2 2
2
3 2 3 2
3 2 2 0
1 1 1 5 1
x x x x
x x
x x x x
+ +
+ + + =
+ + +
,
,
2
2
2 1
3 2 1 0
1 1 1 5 1
3 2 0 2
2 1
1 0 5.4
1 1 1 5 1
x x
x x x x
x x x
x x x x
| |
+ + + =
|
+ + +
\ .

+ = =

+ + =

+ + +

, 5.4 PT v nghim do 1 0 VT > > .

Vy tp nghim ca , 5.1 PT
, , 1; 2 S =