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Ti liu ging dy ADSL Chng 2 Cng ngh xDSL

Dng Hong Thi. Khoa CNTT. Trng TH BCVT & CNTT III 9
Chng 2 CNG NGH xDSL

I. CNG NGH TRUY NHP xDSL
1. Lch S ca xDSL
- nh ngha khi nim ban u ca xDSL xut hin t nm 1989, t J.W Lechleider
v cc k s thuc hng Ballcore. S pht trin xDSL bt u i hc Standford v
phng th nhgim AT&T Bell Lab nm 1990. Vo 10/1998 ITU thng qua b tiu
chun xDSL theo khuyn ngh G9221.1 gn ging vi khuyn ngh ANSI T1.413.
- DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) l cng ngh chuyn ti thng tin bng thng rng
n nh khch hng hay n doanh nghip nh thng qua ng dy cp ng c sn
ca mng in thoi ni ht. V vy DSL khng phi l mng chuyn mch ging
nh PSTN hay ATM m DSL chnh l mng truy nhp (Access Network).
- Trong DSL thng c vit xDSL l mt h hay mt nhm cng ngh v tiu
chun DSL dng truyn d liu tc cao trn i cp xon. x c th l vit tt
ca: H, SH, I, V, A hay RA tu thuc vo loi dch v s dng DSL.
- Cng ngh xDSL ngy xa ch l h thng s dng thay th cng ngh truyn s
ISDN c. Ngy nay h thng xDSL cho php truyn c s v tng t trn cng
mt i cp xon vi tc cao hn rt nhiu.
- Mc d c chun ha nhng c nhiu h thng xDSL pht trin theo cc
hng ring. Kt qu l mt s thit b xDSL khc nhau th khng ng b nhau

- H thng xDSL u tin l HDSL (High speed Digital Subscriber Line). H thng
HDSL truyn tc cao (T1/E1) vi khong cch xa m khng cn dng trm lp
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Ti liu ging dy ADSL Chng 2 Cng ngh xDSL
Dng Hong Thi. Khoa CNTT. Trng TH BCVT & CNTT III 10
(repeater). H thng HDSL ny s dng 2 hoc 3 i cp truyn d liu vi tc
ln n 2Mbps (1.5Mbps).
- Sau cng ngh iu ch mi hiu qu hn dng ADSL (Asymmetric Digital
Subscriber Line) cho php h thng tng tc truyn d liu t trung tm (cung cp
dch v) n nh khch hng ln n 6Mbps (mt s h thng ADSL cho tc n
8Mbps). H thng ADSL c pht trin thnh RADSL v G.Lite l loi ADSL c
tc thp hn.
- nng cao hiu qu ca cc thit b s dng ISDN th mt cng ngh DSL ra i
tng ng vi ISDN gi l IDSL.
- Trong kiu truyn i xng dng trong DSL c G.shdsl (Single pair HDSL) cho
php truyn vi nhiu tc khc nhau. VDSL truyn i xng n tc 26Mbps
trn mt khon cch ngn. VDSL cng c th truyn khng i xng vi tc ti
a 52Mbps.

2. Li ch ca xDSL
- S dng li ng dy in thoi c sn
- S dng c nhiu dch v nh :
. Truy nhp internet
. o to t xa
. Truyn d liu
. Truy nhp LAN t xa
. Hi ngh truyn hnh
. Game trc tuyn
- Ngoi ra cuc cch mng ca cng ngh DSL gii quyt c bi ton kh trong
Email: thaidh_bd3@vnpt.com.vn
Ti liu ging dy ADSL Chng 2 Cng ngh xDSL
Dng Hong Thi. Khoa CNTT. Trng TH BCVT & CNTT III 11
vn truy nhp ngy nay :
. Tc thp do thiu bng thng truyn hp
. Chim ng in thoi khi truy nhp d liu
. Nghn mng chuyn mch
. Gim gi thnh u t mng cp.
II. NGUYN L xDSL
1. Cu trc ca xDSL

1.1 DSLAM
DSLAM (Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer) cho php ghp nhiu users
truyn chung vo mt ng truyn tc cao (nh b tp trung). Vic s dng
Cng ngh DSLAM ny lm gim s ng kt ni vt l gia CO (Central office)
vi ng trc (Backbone). K thut ghp knh trong DSLAM c th l TDM,
Frame Relay, IP hoc ATM.
Thun li ca vic dng k thut Frame Relay, IP hoc ATM l cho php gii hn
tc ng ln thp hn tc ng truy nhp xung n cc users, rt thch hp
cho dch v truy nhp internet hn.
1.2 xTU-C
xTU-C l thit b xDSL Transceiver t ti CO (Central Office: pha tng i ca nh
cung cp dch v). Mt DSLAM c th cha nhiu kiu xTU-C khc nhau nh:
ATU-C cho ADSL, STU-C cho SHDSL, VTU-C cho VDSL . . .
Email: thaidh_bd3@vnpt.com.vn
Ti liu ging dy ADSL Chng 2 Cng ngh xDSL
Dng Hong Thi. Khoa CNTT. Trng TH BCVT & CNTT III 12
1.3 xTU-R
xTU-R l thit b xTU-R Tranceiver t ti pha u xa nh ti pha khch hng.
xTU-R c kt ni cng loi vi xTU-C tng ng. xTU-R ng vai tr l t v
nhn lnh t xTU-C ch iu chnh mc tn hiu v tc ca lung d liu hay
thc hin chc nng OAM.

2. Mi lin h gia xDSL vi m hnh tham chiu OSI
xDSL tng ng vi lp vt l trong m hnh OSI. N c phn lm 02 lp con:
- Lp con ph thuc mi trng vt l PMD
- Lp con truyn hi t TC
Lp con truyn hi t TC c chia lm 02 lp nh:
- Lp con chuyn ti giao thc TPS-TC, l lp ph thuc ty loi ng dng
- Lp con xc nh mi trng vt l PMS-TC, l lp c lp vi ng dng
Chc nng ca lp vt l xDSL:
- Thit lp v gii phng cc mch kt ni vt l gia hai thit b DSL
- Xc nh cc thng s ng dy: ng knh c cp, chiu di cp, khong
cch cc r nhnh cp . . .
- Xc nh mc cng sut pht, iu ch tn hiu
- Gim xc li v hin th li nh : tc li bits hoc li h thng qun l
Email: thaidh_bd3@vnpt.com.vn
Ti liu ging dy ADSL Chng 2 Cng ngh xDSL
Dng Hong Thi. Khoa CNTT. Trng TH BCVT & CNTT III 13

III. CC PHIN BN CA xDSL
S khc bit gia cc phin bn ca DSL l v tc d liu truyn trn mng cp
ng c sn. Ty theo lai ng dng m s dng lai xDSL cho ph hp.
Cc phin bn ca xDSL c th chia lm hai nhm
- Nhm i xng : Symmetric
- Nhm khng i xng : Asymmetric
Nhm xDSL i xng: Lai ny cho php truyn vi tc bng nhau theo
c hai hng t users n mng li v ngc li. Lai ny ph hp cho cc ng dng
nh Video conferencing hay kt ni lung E1/T1
xDSL khng i xng: Lai ny cho php truyn vi tc khc nhau theo
c hai hng t users n mng li v ngc li. Tc truyn d liu ph thuc vo
hng truyn (hng ln: upstream t users n mng li, hng xung Downstream
t mng li v users). Lai ny thch hp cho cc dch v nh: Truy cp internet,
Video on demand s dng tc downstream nhanh hn tc upstream.

Cc phin bn ca DSL gm c:
Email: thaidh_bd3@vnpt.com.vn
Ti liu ging dy ADSL Chng 2 Cng ngh xDSL
Dng Hong Thi. Khoa CNTT. Trng TH BCVT & CNTT III 14
1. IDSL ( ISDN Digital Subscriber Line)
IDSL c pht trin t Basic Rate ISDN v cn c gi l ISDN DSL v tc
truyn d liu ca n cng gn ging vi tc truyn d liu ca ISDN. N cng s
dng m ng truyn ISDN l 2B1Q. Tuy nhin, dng d liu v ng dng ca
IDSL th khc vi ISDN.
S khc bit gia IDSL v ISDN:
- Khng s dng quay s ( dial-up) trong IDSL (cn ISDN th dng quay s)
- IDSL khng s dng chuyn mch nh ISDN
- IDSL ch dng mt mch in cn ISDN dng hai mch in
- IDSL khng qua h thng tng i thai CO m ch kt ni vo thit b Router
tng ng ti CO, cn ISDN th phi qua h thng chuyn mch in thai.
Tc h tr IDSL: 64, 128, 144 kbps (symmetric)
S i dy cp ng s dng: 1
Khang cch truyn: 8 Km (0.5mm, 24AWG)
ng dng: Game trc tuyn v audio/video tc thp
2. HDSL (High-Speed Digital Subscriber Line) v SHDSL ( single-pair HDSL)

HDSL dng m ng dy 2B1Q nh ISDN nhng cho bng thng rng hn, vi tc
nhanh hn theo chiu di ti a 12.000 ft (3.7 km). Ngai ra HDSL cng s dng
k thut iu ch CAP (Carrierless Amplitude pharse) gim nhiu tt hn iu
ch 2B1Q.
HDSL thng s dng hai i cp truyn vi tc i xng T1/E1(1.54Mbps or
2.048Mbps). Mi i cp truyn mt na d liu v truyn theo kiu song cng c
trit ting di trn ng truyn.
Tiu chun s dng: ITU-T G991.1, ETSI TS 101 135V1.5.3 (2000-09)
Email: thaidh_bd3@vnpt.com.vn
Ti liu ging dy ADSL Chng 2 Cng ngh xDSL
Dng Hong Thi. Khoa CNTT. Trng TH BCVT & CNTT III 15
Tc : 2Mbps, 1.5Mbps v Nx64 kbps (symmetric)
S i cp ng s dng: 1,2 hay 3 ty thuc vo model
Khang cch truyn (0.5mm): 3 . . 5 Km ty lai model: 2 hoc 3 i cp

SHDSL cng nh G.shdsl (ITU-T chun ha) hay SDSL (ETSI chun ha) s dng
k thut iu ch TC-PAM (Trellis Coded Pusle Amplitude Modulation) v tng
ng vi tc 192 kbps n 2.312 Mbps.
Tiu chun s dng: ITU-T G991.2, ETSI TS 101 524V1.1.3 (2001-11)
Tc : 192 kbps n 2.312 Mbps (symmetric)
S i cp ng s dng: 1
Khang cch truyn (0.5mm): 3 . . 10 Km ty thuc tc

3. ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)
ADSL rt thch hp cho ng dng Video on-demand v truy cp internet. ADSL l
k thut tng thch vi ng dng tc cao khi dng k thut iu ch DMT. Thit
b ADSL c th dng FDM hoc Echo Cancellation.
Email: thaidh_bd3@vnpt.com.vn
Ti liu ging dy ADSL Chng 2 Cng ngh xDSL
Dng Hong Thi. Khoa CNTT. Trng TH BCVT & CNTT III 16

ADSL c th cho tc downstream t 384 kbps n 8Mbps, vi chiu di 5.5 Km
tc downstream t n 8 Mbps ty thuc vo cht lng ca ng dy. Tc
ca ng upstream t 64 kbps n 768 kbps.


ADSL ch yu dng truy cp internet trn cng i cp ng ca POTS (Plain old
Telephone Service) thng qua POTS Splitters

Tiu chun s dng: ITU-T G922.1, ANSI T1.413
Tc : Download 6-8 Mbps, Upload 640 kbps
Email: thaidh_bd3@vnpt.com.vn
Ti liu ging dy ADSL Chng 2 Cng ngh xDSL
Dng Hong Thi. Khoa CNTT. Trng TH BCVT & CNTT III 17
S i cp ng s dng: 01
Khang cch truyn (0.5mm): 02 . . 08 Km ty thuc tc
4. ADSL.Lite ( G.Lite) (Splitterless ADSL)
G.Lite cng ging nh ADSL nhng khng dng splitter ti pha khch hnh. G.Lite
dng k thut iu ch DMT v c tc downstream 1.5 Mbps, upstream 384 kbps
G.Lite cng dng chung ng dy in thai ca POTS truy cp internet nhng
khng dng splitter ti pha khch hng (CPE) m ch dng splitter ti CO.
Tiu chun s dng: ITU-T G922.2.
Tc : Download 1.5 Mbps, Upload 384 kbps
S i cp ng s dng: 01
Khang cch truyn (0.5mm): 03 . . 08 Km ty thuc tc

5. VDSL ( Very high-Speed Digital Subscriber Line)
VDSL h tr c hai modes i xng v khng i xng. VDSL cho tc
downstream n 52Mbps vi khang cch 0.3Km v tc 13Mbps cho 1.0Km.
Trong modes i xng VDSL t tc 26Mbps vi khang cch 0.3Km v tc
13Mbps cho1.0Km. VDSL rt thch hp cho cc ng dng bng rng trong tng lai.
ng dng chnh ca VDSL l ng dng Video on Demand (VoD) hay cc ng dng
multimedia
Tiu chun s dng: ETSI TS 101 270-2 V1.1.1 (2001-02), ETSI TS 101 270-
1 V1.2.1 (1999-10)
Email: thaidh_bd3@vnpt.com.vn
Ti liu ging dy ADSL Chng 2 Cng ngh xDSL
Dng Hong Thi. Khoa CNTT. Trng TH BCVT & CNTT III 18
Tc : n 52Mbps trong modes khng i xng, n 26Mbps trong modes
i xng
S i cp ng s dng: 01 i
Khong cch truyn vi tc ti a (0.5mm): 300m

6. So snh gia cc lai phin bn xDSL

Email: thaidh_bd3@vnpt.com.vn
Ti liu ging dy ADSL Chng 2 Cng ngh xDSL
Dng Hong Thi. Khoa CNTT. Trng TH BCVT & CNTT III 19
IV. K THUT S DNG TRONG xDSL
1. M ng Dy
M ng dy l mt dng thng tin truyn trn ng dy. M ng dy trong h
thng xDSL l kiu iu ch ban u. Lai m ng dy xc nh tnh hiu qu ca
vic truyn d liu. Trong h thng xDSL s dng cc kiu iu ch sau:
- 2B1Q: 2 Binary,1 Quaternary
- QAM: Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
- CAP: Carrierless Amplitude and Phase
- DMT: Discrete Multitone Transmission
2B1Q: K thut 2B1Q l s m ha bin bn mc dng bi ISDN, IDSL
v HDSL. K thut ny cho s dng bng thng hiu qu gp hai ln nhng
hai mc bin ca n th ch bng vi mt m nh phn thng.
QAM: l kiu iu ch hiu qu, n kt hp hai kiu iu ch bin v pha
phn phi s lng ln bits/Hz ca bng thng. Trong QAM mt knh tn
hiu s dng pha v knh khc dng bin . QAM c dng trong
modems VDSL bi v s dng cng sut thp v ch phc tp hn cc kiu
u ch khc.
CAP: iu ch CAP th ging vi QAM. y c s khc nhau l pha ca
tn hiu sng mang s c dch chuyn lin tc. CAP cho php gim nhiu
xuyn knh (crosstalk) v qu trnh iu ch c n gin hn. CAP c
dng trong modems ADSL.

DMT: S dng vic truyn phn chia thnh nhiu knh nh thay v s dng
mt knh. DMT chia mt lung tn hiu truyn tc cao thnh nhiu lung
tn hiu tc thp hn v cc lung ny c iu ch thnh nhiu knh
nh. Khi nhn th cc knh nh c tc thp c kt hp li thnh lung
d liu c tc cao. DMT c s dng ch yu trong modems ADSL
Email: thaidh_bd3@vnpt.com.vn
Ti liu ging dy ADSL Chng 2 Cng ngh xDSL
Dng Hong Thi. Khoa CNTT. Trng TH BCVT & CNTT III 20
- tng ban u ca DMT l chia nh bng thng ban u thnh nhiu knh
nh. DMT cho php cc knh nh truyn i nhanh nht, trong qu trnh truyn nu c
li xy ra lm cc knh nh ny khng th truyn c d liu th n s chuyn qua
s dng cc knh cn li.
o c tnh ca ng dy: u tin ta truyn mt tone o c tnh ca
ng dy. Qu trnh ny c thc hin ti ATU-R, nhng thng tin phn
phi bit s c chuyn n ATU-C thng qua ng cp ng tc thp.


2. Sa Li v Phn Tch Li
Vic thng tin truyn trn i cp ng lun lun b nhiu t nhiu ngun khc nhau.
Nhiu c th l tn hiu gy nhiu tc thi nh tn hiu cao th tc ng ln i cp
ng, nhiu cng c th l lin tc nh nhiu xuyn knh (crosstalk).
Khi nhiu xy ra, n gy ra mt tn hiu hay d liu nhn b li. gip hn ch
nhiu th phi dng b phn tch li v nhng bits sa li c thm vo trong lung
Email: thaidh_bd3@vnpt.com.vn
Ti liu ging dy ADSL Chng 2 Cng ngh xDSL
Dng Hong Thi. Khoa CNTT. Trng TH BCVT & CNTT III 21
d liu khi truyn i.
C hai kiu phn tch li v bo v truyn lung d liu dng trong DSL:
- M kha (Block coding)
- M xon hay m chp (Convolutional coding or continuous coding)
3. Chuyn i Giao Thc S Dng Trong xDSL
Giao thc l mt ngn ng, cch thc dng ci t, bo dng v ngt knh thng
tin. Vi nhng h thng khc nhau th dng nhng kiu giao thc khc nhau. Khi
nhng h thng khc nhau kt ni nhau th giao thc phi c chuyn i v cho
php s dng c nhng dng ngn ng khc nhau, thi gian s dng, nhng tham
s m ha khc.
VD: Mt my tnh kt ni n internet qua mng DSL th phi c mt s bc
chuyn i giao thc: T Ethernet n ATM, t ATM n IP.
Mi ln chuyn i giao thc th phi xc nh li thi gian tr (timing delays). Thi
gian tr ny c s dng trong h thng c th gy ra li time out v mt s trc trc
khc khi truyn t u cui n u cui (end-to-end).


Email: thaidh_bd3@vnpt.com.vn

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