NHNG BI TON KH C CCH GII HAY(KA-2010)

(CH C S DNG MY TNH TNH RA KT QU)

Nguyn Vn Ph
Cu 1 : Dung dch X c cha: 0,07 mol Na
+
; 0,02 mol SO
4
2-
v x mol OH
-
. Dung dch Y c cha ClO
4
-
, NO
3
-
v y mol H
+
;
tng s mol ClO
4
-
v NO
3
-
l 0,04. Trn X v Y c 100 ml dung dch Z. Dung dch Z c pH (b qua s in li ca
H
2
O) l
A. 1 B. 2 C. 12 D. 13
Gii. Cch 1:
LBTT: 0,07 =0,02*2 +x x = 0,03 (mol); y = 0,04 (mol) . Vy n
H+
d =0,01 (mol). [H
+
] = 0,01:0.1 = 0,1 (M) pH
= 1 . bi ny lm trong vng 15s thi, bi ton kiu nh th ny th pH = 1 hoc pH =2 , cn cng lm th pH < 4. nh
vy ta cng loi di 2 dp n ri( bn xem cc thi cc nm m xem). Nu yu cu tnh pOH th tm p n c gi tr
pOH >1 1 th chn thi. nu kh hiu th xem c2.
Cch 2:p dng nh lut bo ton in tch: tng in tch dng = tng in tch m
Dung dch X: 0,07 = 0,02.2 + x x = 0,03
Dung dch Y: y = 0,04
H
+
+ OH
-
H
2
O
0,03 0,03 mol
nH
+
d = 0,01 mol, [H
+
] = 0,01/0,1 = 0,1 = 10
-1
mol/l,pH = 1
Cu 2 : Cho 19,3 gam hn hp bt Zn v Cu c t l mol tng ng l 1 : 2 vo dung dch cha 0,2 mol Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
. Sau khi
cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c m gam kim loi. Gi tr ca m l
A. 6,40 B. 16,53 C. 12,00 D. 12,80
Gii. Cch 1:
bi ny lm trong vng 15s thi 64.(0,1 0, 2 0, 2) 6, 4
Cu
m gam = + = =>A ng.
Tt nhin bn phi c k nng gii ton th mi lm c mt php tnh nh trn. nu khng cn thn th s ri vo p n
D : 64.(0,1.2 0, 2.2 0, 2.2) 12, 8
Cu
m gam = + = (sai). Nu khng th phai xem C2 thi.
Cch 2 :65x + 64*2x = 19,3 n
Zn
= 0,1 (mol) ; n
Cu
= 0,2 (mol) ; n
Fe3+
= 0,4 (mol).
Zn + 2Fe
3+
2Fe
2+
+ Zn
2+
Cu + 2Fe
3+
2Fe
2+
+ Cu
2+
0,1 ---- 0,2 0,1 -- 0,2
Vy cn d 0,1 mol Cu m =0,1.64 = 6,4 (gam)
Cu 3 : Hn hp kh X gm N
2
v H
2
c t khi so vi He bng 1,8. un nng X mt thi gian trong bnh kn (c bt Fe
lm xc tc), thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi He bng 2. Hiu sut ca phn ng tng hp NH
3
l
A. 50% B. 36% C. 40% D. 25%
Chn 1 mol hn hp u: a mol N
2
v (1-a) mol H
2
. Ta c: M = 28x + (1-a) = 1,8*4 a = 0,2
X l lng N
2
phn ng : N
2
+ 3H
2
2 NH
3
0,2 0,8
x 3x 2x
0,2-x 0,8-3x 2x n
hn hp = 0,2 x + 0,8 3x + 2x = 1 2x
4*1, 8
1 2
hh
hh
m
M
n x
= =

x = 0,05. H%(theo N
2
) = 0,05/0,2 = 25 (%)
Cu 4: Cho m gam NaOH vo 2 lt dung dch NaHCO
3
nng a mol/l, thu c 2 lt dung dch X. Ly 1 lt dung dch X
tc dng vi dung dch BaCl
2
(d) thu c 11,82 gam kt ta. Mt khc, cho 1 lt dung dch X vo dung dch CaCl
2
(d)
ri un nng, sau khi kt thc cc phn ng thu c 7,0 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a, m tng ng l
A. 0,04 v 4,8 B. 0,07 v 3,2 C. 0,08 v 4,8 D. 0,14 v 2,4
C n
BaCO3
= 0,06 (mol) ; n
CaCO3
= 0,07 (mol) nn dd X c 2 mui CO
3
2-
v HCO
3
-
(d) .
HCO
3
-
+ OH
-
CO
3
2-
+ H
2
O; Ba
2+
+ CO
3
2-
BaCO
3
;
0,06 --- 0,06 ---------------------------------------------- 0,06 Vy m =0,06*2*40 =4,8 (g)
2HCO
3
-
CO
3
2-
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O; Ca
2+
+ CO
3
2-
CaCO
3
. s mol ca HCO
3
-
l 0,06 + x
x ----------- x/2 (0,06 +x/2) -- 0,07 . C 0,06 + x/2 = 0,07 ; x = 0,02. Vy a =0,08*2/2 = 0,08 (M)
Cu 5: Oxi ho ht 2,2 gam hn hp hai ancol n chc thnh anehit cn va 4,8 gam CuO. Cho ton b lng
anehit trn tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, thu c 23,76 gam Ag. Hai ancol l :
A. C
2
H
5
OH, C
2
H
5
CH
2
OH B. C
2
H
5
OH, C
3
H
7
CH
2
OH
C. CH
3
OH, C
2
H
5
CH
2
OH D. CH
3
OH, C
2
H
5
OH
C
n
H
2n+1
OH + CuO C
n
H
2n
O + Cu + H
2
O; n
CuO
= n
ancol
= n
andehit
= 0,6(mol) ; n
Ag
= 0,22 (mol)
2, 2
36, 67
0, 06
ancol M = =
vy mt cht CH
3
OH
3
2 1 2
4
2
n n n n
CH OH HCHO Ag
C H OH C H O Ag
+

0, 06 0, 05
4 2 0, 22 0, 01
x y x
x y x
+ = =

+ = =

m
hn hp ancol = 0,05*32 + 0,01*M
ROH
= 2,2; R = 60 17 = 43. Ancol cn li l C
3
H
7
OH
Cu 6: Hn hp M gm ancol no, n chc X v axit cacboxylic n chc Y, u mch h v c cng s nguyn t C,
tng s mol ca hai cht l 0,5 mol (s mol ca Y ln hn s mol ca X). Nu t chy hon ton M th thu c 33,6 lt
kh CO
2
(ktc) v 25,2 gam H
2
O. Mt khc, nu un nng M vi H
2
SO
4
c thc hin phn ng este ho (hiu sut l
80%) th s gam este thu c l
A. 34,20 B. 27,36 C. 22,80 D. 18,24
S C =n
CO2
/n
hh
= 3 vy ancol l
C
3
H
7
OH 4H
2
O . V n
Nc < n
CO2
nn axit khng no.
Axit c 3C c 2TH: CH
2
=CH-COOH 2H
2
O ; x + y = 0,5 v 4x + 2y = 1,4. Ta c x= 0,2 v y = 0,3 (nhn)
CHC-COOH 1H
2
O ; x + y = 0,5 v 4x + y = 1,4. Ta c x= 0,3 v y = 0,2 (loi n
Y
< n
X
)
Este l CH
2
=CH-COOC
3
H
7
. Vi m
CH2=CH-COOC3H7
= 0,2*0,8*114 = 18,24 (g)
Cu 7: Cho dung dch X gm: 0,007 mol Na
+
; 0,003 mol Ca
2+
; 0,006 mol Cl
-
; 0,006
3
HCO

v 0,001 mol
3
NO

. loi b
ht Ca
2+
trong X cn mt lng va dung dch cha a gam Ca(OH)
2
Ga tr ca a l
A. 0,222 B. 0,120 C. 0,444 D. 0,180
n
Ca(OH)2
= x. n
OH-
= 2x v n
Ca2+
=x. Theo bi:
OH
-
+ HCO
3
-
CO
3
2-
+ H
2
O
2x 0,006 --------- 0,006
Ca
2+
+ CO
3
2--
CaCO
3
.
x+0,003 0,006 Chc x =0,003 tha mn. Vy a =0,003*74 = 0,222 (g)
Cu 8: un nng hn hp kh X gm 0,02 mol C
2
H
2
v 0,03 mol H
2
trong mt bnh kn (xc tc Ni), thu c hn hp
kh Y. Cho Y li t t vo bnh nc brom (d), sau khi kt thc cc phn ng, khi lng bnh tng m gam v c 280
ml hn hp kh Z (ktc) thot ra. T khi ca Z so vi H
2
l 10,08. Gi tr ca m l
A. 0,328 B. 0,205 C. 0,585 D. 0,620
Trong 0,0125 mol kh thot ra l H
2
(x mol) v C
2
H
6
(0,0125 mol):
m
C2H6
+ m
H2
= 0,0125*2*10,08 = 2x + 30(0,0125 x) . x = 0,123/28 ( mol H
2
) v 0,227/28 mol C
2
H
6
.
m
tng
= m
hn hp u - m
kh thot ra.
= (0,02*26 + 0,03*2) 2*0,123/28 30*0,227/28 = 0,328 (g)
Cu 9: Ho tan hon ton m gam ZnSO
4
vo nc c dung dch X. Nu cho 110 ml dung dch KOH 2M vo X th thu
c 3a gam kt ta. Mt khc, nu cho 140 ml dung dch KOH 2M vo X th thu c 2a gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 32,20 B. 24,15 C. 17,71 D. 16,10
Nhn thy kt ta gim dn nn phn ng c d NaOH. Gi x s mol ZnSO
4
cn tm, m = a/78 (mol).
C phn ng: ZnSO
4
+ 2NaOH Zn(OH)
2
+ Na
2
SO
4
x 2x x
Tan Zn(OH)
2
+ 2NaOH Na
2
ZnO
2
+ 2H
2
O
x- 3m 2(x 3m) Vy 2x +2(x 3m) = 0,11*2
Tng t, trng hp 2 : 2x + 2(x-2m) = 0,14*2
Gii h x =0,1. Vy m =0,1*161 = 16,1 (g)
Cu 10: Hn hp kh X gm imetylamin v hai hirocacbon ng ng lin tip. t chy hon ton 100 ml hn hp X
bng mt lng oxi va , thu c 550 ml hn hp Y gm kh v hi nc. Nu cho Y i qua dung dch axit sunfuric
c (d) th cn li 250 ml kh (cc th tch kh v hi o cng iu kin). Cng thc phn t ca hai hirocacbon l
A. C
2
H
6
v C
3
H
8
B. C
3
H
6
v C
4
H
8
C. CH
4
v C
2
H
6
D. C
2
H
4
v C
3
H
6
V
H2O
= V
gim
= 350 ml . V
CO2
+ V
N2
= V
cn li
= 250 . Do V
hh
= 100 ml nn
2
50
N
V ml <
=>
200 250
2 2, 5
100 100
C = < < =
=> lo
i B,C.
- Nu l 2 ankan th:
2 2 2 2 2
300 250 50
C H N Ankan H O CO N
V V V V ml
+
+ = = =
100 ml => V l => D
Cu 11: t chy hon ton m gam hn hp 3 ancol n chc, thuc cng dy ng ng, thu c 3,808 lt kh CO
2
(ktc) v 5,4 gam H
2
O. Gi tr ca m l
A. 4,72 B. 5,42 C. 7,42 D. 5,72
n
CO2
= 0,17 (mol); n
H2O
= 0,3 (mol) ancol no. n
ancol
= 0,3 - 0,17 = 0,13 (mol)
2 1
17
13
n n
C H OH n
+
=
;
17
0,13*(14 18) 0,13*(14* 18) 4, 72 ( )
13
m n g = + = + =
Cu 12: Cho x mol Fe tan hon ton trong dung dch cha y mol H
2
SO
4
(t l x : y = 2 : 5), thu c mt sn phm kh
duy nht v dung dch ch cha mi sunfat. S mol electron do lng Fe trn nhng khi b ho tan l
A. 3x B. y C. 2x D. 2y
Nu: H
2
SO
4
+ Fe FeSO
4
+ H
2
. Loi ( v x = y).
Nu: 6H
2
SO
4
+ 2Fe Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3SO
2
+ 6H
2
O. Loi ( v x : y =
3:1)
T suy ra to c hai mui Fe
2+
v Fe
3+
. SO
4
2-
+ 4H
+
+ 2e SO
2
+ 2H
2
O.
nSO
4
2-
lm mi trng =nSO
2
= y/2 => ne cho = y (bo ton S, ban u c y mol H
2
SO
4
)
Ta c: ne cho = 2.nSO
2
= y mol
Cu 13: Axeton c iu ch bng cch oxi ho cumen nh oxi, sau thu phn trong dung dch H
2
SO
4
long. thu
c 145 gam axeton th lng cumen cn dng (gi s hiu sut qu trnh iu ch t 75%) l
A. 300 gam B. 500 gam C. 400 gam D. 600 gam
S : C
6
H
5
CH(CH
3
)
2
2
3
1,
2,
O
H O
+
+
(CH
3
)
2
CO.
145
2, 5 ( )
58
xeton cumen
n mol n = = =
2, 5*120*100
400 ( )
75
m g = =
Cu 14: Thu phn hon ton 0,2 mol mt este E cn dng va 100 gam dung dch NaOH 24%, thu c mt ancol
v 43,6 gam hn hp mui ca hai axit cacboxylic n chc. Hai axit l
A. HCOOH v CH
3
COOH B. CH
3
COOH v C
2
H
5
COOH
C. C
2
H
5
COOH v C
3
H
7
COOH D. HCOOH v C
2
H
5
COOH
n
NaOH
= 0,6 (mol).
3
NaOH
este
n
n
=
. Nn E l trieste
3 3
( ) ' 3 3 '( ) RCOO R NaOH RCOONa R OH + +
43, 6
72, 67 5, 67
0, 6
RCOONa R = = =
. 1 cht l HCOOH s mol 0,4 loi B, C.
0,4*68 + 0,2*M = 43,6 . M = 82 CH
3
COONa vy2 cht HCOOH v CH
3
COOH
Cu 15: Cho 0,15 mol H
2
NC
3
H
5
(COOH)
2
(axit glutamic) vo 175 ml dung dch HCl 2M, thu
c dun
g dch X. Cho
NaOH
d vo dung dch X. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, s mol NaOH phn ng l
A. 0,50. B. 0,65. C. 0,70. D. 0,55.
H
2
NC
3
H
5
(COOH)
2
+ HCl ClH
3
NC
3
H
5
(COOH)
2
.
0,15 0,15 0,15 HCl d 0,175*2 0,15 = 0,2 (mol)
ClH
3
NC
3
H
5
(COOH)
2
+ 3NaOH H
2
NC
3
H
5
(COONa)
2
+ NaCl + 3H
2
O ; HCl + NaOH NaCl +H
2
O
0,15 ---------------- 0,45 0,2 0,2 Vy n
NaOH
= 0,65 (mol
Cu 16: Cho 7,1 gam hn hp gm mt kim loi kim X v mt kim loi kim th Y tc dng ht vi lng d dung dch
HCl long, thu c 5,6 lt kh (ktc). Kim loi X, Y l
A. natri v magie. B. liti v beri. C. kali v canxi. D. kali v bari.
2
(1 2); 2 2 .
7,1 7,1 7,1
0, 5 0, 25. . 14, 2 28, 4. Na ; Mg
0, 5
n
M ne M n H e H
n M n V M KL l
M M
+
+
< < +
= < <
Cu 17: Ha tan hon ton 8,94 gam hn hp gm Na, K v Ba vo nc, thu c dung dch X v 2,688 lt kh H
2
(ktc). Dung dch Y gm HCl v H
2
SO
4
, t l mol tng ng l 4 : 1. Trung ha dung dch X bi dung dch Y, tng khi
lng cc mui c to ra l
A. 13,70 gam. B. 18,46 gam. C. 12,78 gam. D. 14,62 gam.
Ta c: H
2
O OH
-
+ H
2
. n
OH-
= 0,24 (mol). HCl (4x mol) H
2
SO
4
(x mol) th n
Cl-
= 4x ; n
SO4
= x; n
H+
= 6x = 0,24
x = 0,04. m
mui
= m
KL
+ m
Cl-
+ m
SO4
= 8,94 + 4*0,04*35,5 + 0,04*96 = 18,46 (g)
Cu 18 t chy hon ton mt este n chc, mch h X (phn t c s lin kt
nh hn 3), thu c th tch kh CO
2
bng 6/7 th tch kh O
2
phn ng (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin). Cho m gam X tc dng hon ton vi 200 ml
dung dch KOH 0,7M thu c dung dch Y. C cn Y thu c 12,88 gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 7,20. B. 6,66. C. 8,88. D. 10,56.
Gi a l s lin kt trong gc hidrocacbon. Do s lin kt trong X <3 nn a < 2.
2 2 2 2 2 2
3 2 6 3 2 6 12
( ) ( ) . *( ) . 18 6 12 14
2 7 2 4
n n a
n a n a a
C H O O nCO n a H O n n a n n

+
+ + = : = : =
Chc a =0 ; n =3 tha mn , CTPT C
3
H
6
O
2
c 2 CTCT( HCOOC
2
H
5
v CH
3
COOCH
3
).
Th KOH (0,14 mol) phn ng ht khi lng mui khng tha mn. Nn KOH d:
C
3
H
6
O
2
+ KOH RCOOH + ROH ( R l CH
3
hoc C
2
H
5
OH), x l s mol ese( x < 0,14 ).
p dng LBTKL: m
este
+ m
KOH
= m
Rn + m
ROH
74x + 0,2*0,7 * 56 =12,88 +(R +17)x.

3
2 5
'( ) 15 0,12
57 ' 5, 04
'( ) 29 0,18 ( )
R CH x
x R x
R C H x sai
= =
=

= =

. Vy m =0,12*74 = 8,88 (g)

Cu 19: Hn hp X gm 1 mol aminoaxit no, mch h v 1 mol amin no, mch h. X c kh nng phn ng ti a vi 2
mol HCl hoc 2 mol NaOH. t chy hon ton X thu c 6 mol CO
2
, x mol H
2
O v y mol N
2
. Cc gi tr x, y tng
ng l
A. 8 v 1,0. B. 8 v 1,5. C. 7 v 1,0. D. 7 v 1,5.
S nhmNH
2
= n
HCl
/n
X
= 2/2 = 1. Vy amin n chc, aminoaxit c mt nhmNH
2
.
S nhmCOOH ca amino axit =n
NaOH
/1 = 2/1 = 2. Vy aminoaxit c hai nhmCOOH.
CTPT TB ca 2 cht l 2
6
. 3
2
CO
n y z t
hh
n
C H O N n
n
= = =
; Ta dng n =3 cho c amin v aminoaxit gii ton.
2 2 2 2 2 3 7 2 2 2 2
min : ( ) 3 2, 5 0, 5 ; min : 3 4, 5 0, 5
1 3 2, 5 0, 5 1 3 4, 5 0, 5
a oaxit NH CH COOH CO H O N a C H NH CO H O N + + + +

x = 2,5 + 4,5 = 7; y = 0,5 + 0,5 = 1,0

Cu 20: T
180 gam glucoz, bng phng php ln men ru, thu c a gam
ancol etylic (hi
u sut 80%). Oxi ha
0,1a gam ancol etylic bng phng php ln men gim, thu c hn hp X. trung ha hn hp X cn 720 ml dung
dch NaOH 0,2M. Hiu sut qu trnh ln men gim l
A. 80%. B. 10%. C. 90%. D. 20%.
Vi 0,1a gam: n
glucoz
= 0,1(mol); n
NaOH
=0, 144 (mol). C
6
H
12
O
6
2C
2
H
5
OH 2CH
3
COOH + 2NaOH ( a l H% cn tm)
0, 1mol 0,8* 0,2mol ---------- 0,8*a*0,2
0,8*2*a = 0,144 a = 0,9 hay H% = 90(%)
Cu 21: Nh t t tng git n ht 30 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 100 ml dung dch cha Na
2
CO
3
0,2M v NaHCO
3
0,2M, sau phn ng thu c s mol CO
2
l
A. 0,030. B. 0,010. C. 0,020. D. 0,015.
H
+
+ CO
3
2-
HCO
3
-
. HCO
3
-
+ H
+
H
2
O + CO
2
.
0,03 0,02 0,02 . d H
+
= 0,01 mol 0,01 --------- 0,01
Cu 22: Cho m gam hn hp etanal v propanal phn ng hon ton vi lng d d
ung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
, thu
c 43,2 gam kt ta v dung dch cha 17,5 gam mui amoni ca hai axit hu c. Gi tr ca m l
A. 10,9. B. 14,3. C. 10,2. D. 9,5.
n
Ag
=0,4 (mol) P:
3 3 2 4 4 3
2 3 2 2 R CHO AgNO NH H O R COONH Ag NH NO + + + + +
LBTKL: m =m
mui amoni + m
Ag
+ m
NH4NO3
m
H2O
m
NH3
m
AgNO3
.
= 17,5 + 43,2 + 0,4*80 - 0,2*18 - 0,6*17 0,4*170 = 10,9 (g)
Cu 23: Hn hp gm 0,1 mol mt axit cacboxylic n chc v 0,1 mol mui ca axit vi kim loi km c tng khi
lng l 15,8 gam. Tn ca axit trn l
A. axit propanoic. B. axit metanoic. C. axit etanoic. D. axit butanoic.
Axit RCOOH, mui RCOOM: 0,1(R+45) + 0,1(R +M +44) = 15,8 0,2R + 0,1M = 6,9.
R = 1 M = 67 (loi); R =15M = 39 (K); R = 29 M = 11(loi) . Vy axi t l CH
3
COOH (axit etanoic)
Cu 24: t chy hon ton mt lng hirocacbon X. Hp th ton b sn phm chy vo dung dch Ba(OH)
2
(d) to
ra 29,55 gam kt ta, dung dch sau phn ng c khi lng gim 19,35 gam so vi dung dch Ba(OH)
2
ban u. Cng
thc phn t ca X l
A. C
3
H
4
. B. C
2
H
6
. C. C
3
H
6
. D. C
3
H
8
.
n
CO2
= n=0,15 (mol). m
Gim = m
ta - (m
CO2
+ m
H2O
) m
H2O
= m
ta m
CO2
- m
gim = 29,55 0,15*44 19,35 = 3,6(g).
n
H2O
= 0,2 (mol) > n
CO2
ankan. C
n
H
2n+2
vi n =n
CO2
/n
X
= 0,15/(0,2-0,15) = 3. CTPT C
3
H
8
.
Cu 25: in phn (in cc tr) dung dch X cha 0,2 mol CuSO
4
v 0,12 mol NaCl bng dng in c cng 2A.
Th tch kh (ktc) thot ra anot sau 9650 giy in phn l
A. 2,240 lt. B. 2,912 lt. C. 1,792 lt. D. 1,344 lt.
p dng nh lut Faraday
64*2*9650
6, 4.( ) 0,1( )
2*96500
Cu Cu
m g n mol = = =
2NaCl + CuSO
4
dpdd
Na
2
SO
4
+ Cu + Cl
2
. CuSO
4
(d) +H
2
O
dpdd
Cu + H
2
SO
4
+ 1/2O
2
.
0,12---- 0,06------------------------ 0,06 0,06 lng Cu cn li do 0,04 ---- 0,02
Vy V kh = (0,06 +0,02)*22,4 =1,972 (lt)
Cu 26: Cho 0,448 lt kh NH
3
(ktc) i qua ng s ng 16 gam CuO nung nng, thu c cht rn X (gi s phn ng
xy ra hon ton). Phn trm khi lng ca Cu trong X l
A. 12,37%. B. 87,63%. C. 14,12%. D. 85,88%.
n
NH3
= 0,02 (mol) ; n
CuO
= 0,2 (mol). 3CuO + 2NH
3
dpdd
N
2
+ 3Cu + 3H
2
O.
0,03 0,02 ---------------------0,03
64*0, 03
% *100 12, 37(%).
64*0, 03 80(0, 2 0, 03)
Cu = =
+
Cu 27: t chy hon ton V lt hi mt amin X bng mt lng oxi va
to ra 8V lt hn hp gm kh cacbonic, kh
nit v hi nc (cc th tch kh v hi u o cng iu kin). Amin X tc dng vi axit nitr nhit thng, gii
phng kh nit. Cht X l
A. CH
2
=CH-NH-CH
3
. B. CH
3
-CH
2
-NH-CH
3
. C. CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
2
-NH
2
. D. CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-NH
2
.
Khi tc dng vi HNO
2
to kh N
2
nn X l amin bc I . Loi A,B.
Th vi 1 p n C. C
3
H
7
NH
2
3CO
2
+ 4,5H
2
O + 0,5 N
2
V kh = 3 +4,5 +0,5 =8 (ng)
Cu 28: Cho hn hp X gm ancol metylic v hai axit cacboxylic (no, n chc, k ti p nhau trong dy ng ng) tc
dng ht vi Na, gii phng ra 6,72 lt kh H
2
(ktc). Nu un nng hn hp X (c H
2
SO
4
c lm xc tc) th cc cht
trong hn hp phn ng va vi nhau to thnh 25 gam hn hp este (gi thit phn ng este ha t hi u sut
100%). Hai axit trong hn hp X l
A. HCOOH v CH
3
COOH. B. CH
3
COOH v C
2
H
5
COOH.
C. C
2
H
5
COOH v C
3
H
7
COOH. D. C
2
H
7
COOH v C
4
H
9
COOH.
N
hh
= 2n
H2
= 0,6 (mol). Do axit tc dng vi CH
3
OH nn n
2 axit
= n
CH3OH
. = 0,3 (mol).
3 3 2
R COOH CH OH R COOCH H O + + .
3
R COOCH
M

= 25/0,3 = 83,33 R = 24,33 (CH

3
- v C
2
H
5
-)
Vy 2 axit l CH
3
COOH v C
2
H
5
COOH.
Cu 29: Cho m gam hn hp bt X gm ba kim loi Zn, Cr, Sn c s mol bng nhau tc dng ht vi lng d dung dch
HCl long, nng thu c
dung dch Y v kh H
2
. C cn dung dch Y thu c 8,98 gam mui khan. Nu cho m gam
hn hp X tc dng hon ton vi O
2
(d) to hn hp 3 oxit th th tch kh O
2
(ktc) phn ng l
A. 2,016 lt. B. 0,672 lt. C. 1,344 lt. D. 1,008 lt.
3 kim loi vi HCl long nng u boxi ha thnh s oxi ha +2. Cn khi tc dng O
2
, Zn to +2, Cr to +3, Sn to +4.
- Gi s mol mi kim loi l a (mol) th:
2
65 52 119
3 .( 71) 8, 98 0, 02
3
MCl
m a a
+ +
= + = => =
.
- Bo ton (e) cho qu trnh tc dng O
2
:
2
2.0, 02 3.0, 02 4.0, 02
0, 045( ) 1, 008( )
4
O
n mol lit
+ +
= = <=>
=>B.