You are on page 1of 15

Ti liu ca thc s: Nguyn Vn Ph

1
phng php quy i
I. c s l thuyt..
1) Khi quy i hn hp nhiu cht (V d: hn hp X gm: Fe,
FeO, Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4 .
..) (t 3 cht tr ln) thnh hn hp hai cht ( nh:
Fe, FeO hoc Fe, Fe
2
O
3
hoc.) mt cht ( nh: Fe
x
O
y
hoc) ta phi
bo ton s mol nguyn t v bo ton khi lng hn hp.
2) C th quy i hn hp X v bt k cp cht no, thm ch quy
i v mt cht. Tuy nhin ta nn chn cp cht no n gin c t phn
ng oxi ho kh nht, n gin trong vic tnh ton.
3) Trong qu trnh tnh ton theo phng php quy i i khi ta
gp s m ( nh s mol m, khi lng m) l do s b tr khi
lng ca cc cht trong hn hp, trong trng hp ny ta vn tnh ton
bnh thng v kt qu cui cng vn tho mn.
4) Khi quy i hn hp X v mt cht l Fe
x
O
y
th Oxit Fe
x
O
y
tm
c ch l oxit gi nh khng c thc( v d nh: Fe
15
O
16
, Fe
7
O
8
)
5) Khi quy i hn hp cc cht v nguyn t th tun theo cc
bc nh sau:
Bc 1: quy i hn hp cc cht v cac nguyn t to thnh hn
hp
Bc 2: t n s thch hp cho s mol nguyn t cc nguyn t
trong hn hp.
Bc 3: Lp cc phng trnh da vo cc nh lut bo ton khi
lng, bo ton nguyn t, bo ton electron
Bc 4: lp cc phng trnh da vo cc gi thit ca bi ton nu
c.
Bc 5: gii cc phng trnh v tnh ton tm ra p n.
6. Mt s bi ton ho hc c th gii nhanh bng phng php bo
ton khi lng, bo ton nguyn t, bo ton e song phng php
quy i cng tm ra p n rt nhanh, chnh xc v l phng php
tng i u vit, kt qu ng tin cy, c th vn dng vo cc bi tp
trc nghim phn loi hc sinh (nh tuyn sinh H-C - 2007 -
2008 m B gio dc v o to ra).
7. Cng thc gii nhanh.
Khi gp bi ton dng st v hn hp st ta p dng cng thc tnh
nhanh sau: Khi p dng cng thc ny th chng ta cn chng minh

Ti liu ca thc s: Nguyn Vn Ph

2
nh v vn dng linh hot trong qu ttrnh lm cc bi ton trc nghim
(cng thc c chng minh phng php bo ton e).
a. Trng hp 1: tnh khi lng st ban u trc khi b xi ha
thnh m gam hn hp X gm: Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
.

hh e
Fe
7.m 56.n
m (1)
10
+
= ,
b. Trng hp 2: tnh khi lng m gam hn hp X gm: Fe, FeO,
Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
.

Fe e
hh
10.m 56.n
m (2)
7

=
c. Trng hp 3: tnh khi lng mui to thnh khi cho m gam
hn hp X gm: Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
vo dung dch HNO
3
nng
d.
3 3 3 3
Fe
Fe(NO ) Fe , Fe(NO )
m
n n ymol m 242.y gam(3)
56
= = = =
d. Trng hp 4: tnh khi lng mui to thnh khi cho m gam
hn hp X gm: Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
c,
nng d.
2 4 3 2 4 3
Fe
Fe (SO ) Fe , Fe (SO )
m 1
n .n x mol m 400.x gam(4)
2 112
= = = =
Ii. Bi ton p dng:
Bi ton 1: (Trch thi tuyn sinh H C Khi B- 2008) Nung m
gam bt st trong oxi thu c 3 gam hn hp cht rn X. Ho tan ht
hn hp X trong dung dch HNO
3
d thot ra 0.56 lt NO (ktc) l sn
phm kh duy nht. Gi tr m l:
A. 2.52 gam B. 1.96 gam. C. 3.36 gam. D. 2.10
gam.
Bi gii:
Cch 1: Quy hn hp cht rn X v hai cht Fe, Fe
2
O
3

Fe + 4HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO + 2H
2
O
0,025mol 0,025mol

NO
0, 56
n 0, 025mol
22, 4
= =

2 3
Fe O
m = 3 - 0,025 .56 = 1,6gam
2 3
Fe(trongFe O )
1, 6
n 2. 0, 02mol
160
= =
m
Fe
= 56(0,025 + 0,02) = 2,52 gam A ng

Ti liu ca thc s: Nguyn Vn Ph

3
Ch : Nu
2 3
Fe(trongFe O )
1, 6
n 0, 01mol
160
= = m
Fe
= 56.(0,035) = 1,96g B sai
Cch 2: Quy hn hp cht rn X v hai cht FeO, Fe
2
O
3

3FeO + 10HNO
3
3Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO + 5H
2
O
3.0,025 0,025
m
FeO
= 3.0,025 . 72 = 5,4g
Fe(FeO)
5, 4
n 0, 075mol
72
= =

2 3
Fe O
m = 3 - 5,4 = -2,4g

2 3
Fe(Fe O )
2.( 2, 4) 4, 8
n 0, 03mol
160 160

= = =
m
Fe
= 56 .(0,075 + (-0,03)) = 2,52 gam A ng
Ch : + Kt qu m ta vn tnh bnh thng v y l phng php quy
i
+ Nu
2 3
Fe(Fe O )
n 0, 015mol = m
Fe
= 56.0,06 = 3,36g C sai
Cch 3: Quy hn hp cht rn X v mt cht l Fe
x
O
y

3Fe
x
O
y
+ (12x - 2y)HNO
3
2Fe(NO
3
)
3
+(3x-2y)NO + (6x -y)H
2
O

3.0, 025
3x 2y
0,025mol

x y
Fe O
3 3.0, 025
n
56x 16y 3x 2y
= =
+

3 2
Fe O
x 3
m 200
y 2
= =

Fe(oxit )
3.56.3
m 2, 52g
200
= = A ng
Ch : Nu
2 3
Fe O Fe
3.2.56
m 160 m 2,1g
160
= = = D sai
Cch 4: p dng cng thc gii nhanh.
hh e
Fe
7.m 56.n 7.3 56.0, 025.3
m 2,52gam
10 10
+ +
= = =
=> A ng
Bi ton 2: ( Trch thi tuyn sinh H C- Khi A- 2010). Cho
11.36 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
phn ng ht vi
dung dch HNO
3
long d thu c 1.344 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy
nht ktc) v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X sau phn ng c m
gam mui khan. Gi tr m l:
A. 34.36 gam. B. 35.50 gam. C. 49.09 gam D. 38.72
gam.
Bi gii.
Cch 1: Quy i hn hp v hai cht: Fe, Fe
2
O
3

Ho tan hn hp vi HNO
3
long d 1,344 lt NO

Ti liu ca thc s: Nguyn Vn Ph

4
Fe + 4HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO + 2H
2
O (1)
0,06mol 0,6mol 0,06mol
Fe
2
O
3
2Fe(NO
3
)
3
(2)
0,05 0,1mol

NO
1, 344
n 0, 06mol;
22, 4
= =
T (1) m
Fe
= 56 . 0,06 = 3,36 g
2 3
Fe O
m 11, 36 3, 36 8g = =

2 3
Fe O
8
n 0, 05mol
160
= = m
X
= 242 (0,06 + 0,1) = 38,72g D ng
Cch 2: Quy hn hp v hai cht: FeO, Fe
2
O
3

3FeO + 10HNO
3
3Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO + 5H
2
O
0,18 0,18mol 0,06
Fe
2
O
3
2Fe(NO
3
)
3
-0,01 -0,02
m
FeO
= 12,96g;
2 3
Fe O
m 1, 6g =

3
Fe(NO )3
m 242(0,18 0, 02) 38, 72g = + = D ng
Cch 3: Quy hn hp v mt cht Fe
x
O
y

3Fe
x
O
y
+ (12x - 2y)HNO
3
3xFe(NO
3
)
3
+ (3x - 2y)NO + (6x-
y)H
2
O

3.0, 06
3x 2y

3.x.0, 06
3x 2y
0,06

x y
Fe O
11, 36 0, 06.3
n
56x 16y 3x 2y
= =
+
150x = 160y
x 16
y 15
=

3 3
Fe(NO )
3.16.0, 06
m .242 38, 72g
3.16 2.15
= =

D ng
Cch 4. p dng phng php quy i nguyn t
Ta xem 11.36 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
l hn
hp ca x mol Fe v y mol O. Ta c: m
HH
=56x+16y =11,36 (1).
Mt khc qu trnh cho v nhn electron nh sau
0 3
Fe 3e Fe
x 3x
+


0 2
O 2e O
y 2y


5 2
N 3e N
...0,18 0, 06
+ +
+


p dng LBT E ta c:

e
n 2y 0,18 3x, 3x 2y 0,18 (2) = + = => =

Ti liu ca thc s: Nguyn Vn Ph

5
Gii h (1) v (2) => x=0,16 mol, y=0,15 mol.
3 3 3 3
Fe(NO ) Fe , Fe(NO )
n n x 0,16mol m 0,16.242 38, 72gam = = = => = = , D ng

Cch 5: p dng cng thc gii nhanh.

3 3 3 3
hh e
Fe
Fe( NO ) Fe , Fe( NO )
7.m 56.n 7.11, 36 56.0, 06.3
m 8, 96gam
10 10
8, 96
n n 0,16mol m 0,16.242 38, 72gam
56
+ +
= = =
= = = = =
=> D ng
Cch 6. Ly cc p n em chia cho khi lng mol ca mui l 242
th cc s u l nhng ch c p n D l s khng l l 0,16
Bi ton 3: Nung 8.4 gam Fe trong khng kh, sau phn ng thu c m
gam X gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4 .
Ho tan m gam hn hp X bng
HNO
3
d, thu c 2.24 lt kh NO
2
(ktc) l sn phm kh duy nht.
Gi tr m l:
A. 11.2 gam. B. 25.2 gam. C. 43.87 gam D. 6.8
gam.
Bi gii.
- Cch 1: + S dng phng php quy i,
Quy i hn hp X v hai cht Fe v Fe
2
O
3
ho tan hn hp X vo
dung dch HNO
3
d ta c:
Fe + 6HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ 3NO
2
+ 3H
2
O:
2
NO
n 0,1mol =
0,1/3 0,1
S mol ca nguyn t Fe to oxit Fe
2
O
3
l:
Fe
8, 4 0,1 0,35
n (mol)
56 3 3
= =
2 3
Fe O Fe
1 0,35
n n
2 2.3
= =
Vy
2 3
X Fe Fe O
0,1 0,35 33, 6
m m m .56 .160 11, 2g
3 6 3
= + = + = =
A ng
Ch :
+ Nu
2 3
Fe O Fe X
0,35 0,35
n n m (56 160) 25, 2g
3 3
= = = + =
B sai
+ Nu
2 3
Fe O Fe X
0,35 0,35
n 2n 2. m (56 320) 43,87g
3 3
= = = + =
C sai
+ Nu khng cn bng pt :
2
Fe NO Fe
8, 4
n n 0,1mol n 0,1 0, 05mol
56
= = = =

m
X
= 0,05 (56 + 80) = 6,8 D sai
Tt nhin m
X
> 8,4 do vy D l p n v l)
- Cch 2: Quy i hn hp X v hai cht FeO v Fe
2
O
3

FeO + 4HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO
2
+ 2H
2
O

Ti liu ca thc s: Nguyn Vn Ph

6
0,1 0,1

Fe
8, 4
n 0,15mol
56
= =
Ta c:
2
2Fe O 2FeO
0,15mol
0,1 0,1mol
+



2
2 2 3
h X
4Fe 3O 2Fe O
m 0,1.72 0, 025.160 11, 2g
0, 05 0, 025mol
+

= + =
`
)
A ng
Ch : Vn c th quy i hn hp X v hai cht (FeO v Fe
3
O
4
) hoc (Fe
v FeO) hoc (Fe v Fe
3
O
4
) nhng vic gii tr nn phc tp hn, c th
l ta phi t n s mol mi cht, lp h phng trnh, gii h phng
trnh hai n s).
Cch 3: Quy hn hp X v mt cht Fe
x
O
y
:
Fe
x
O
y
+ (6x - 2y) HNO
3
xFe(NO
3
)
3
+ (3x - 2y) NO
2
+ (3x -y)
H
2
O

0,1
3x 2y
mol 0,1mol
p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t st:
Fe
8, 4 0,1.x x 6
n
56 3x 2y y 7
= = =


Vy cng thc quy i l: Fe
6
O
7
(M = 448) v
6 7
Fe O
0,1
n 0, 025mol
3.6 2.7
= =


m
X
= 0,025 . 448 = 11,2g A ng
Nhn xt: Quy i hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe
3
O
4
, Fe
2
O
3
v hn hp hai
cht FeO, Fe
2
O
3
l n gin nht.
Cch 4: p dng cng thc gii nhanh.
hh e Fe e
Fe hh
7.m 56.n 10.m 56.n
m m
10 7
+
= => =
trong m
Fe
l khi lng st, m
hh
l
khi lng ca hn hp cc cht rn st v xit st, n
e
l s mol e trao
i. Cng thc ny c chng minh trong cc phng php bo ton e..
Ta c;
Fe e
hh
10.m 56.n 10.8, 4 56.0,1.
m 11, 2gam
7 7

= = =
=>A ng
Bi ton 4: Nung m gam Fe trong khng kh, sau mt thi gian ta thu
c 11,2 gam hn hp cht rn X gm Fe, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
, FeO. Ho tan
ht 11,2g hn hp cht rn X vo dung dch HNO
3
d thu c 2,24 lt
kh NO
2
(ktc) l sn phm kh duy nht. Gi tr m l:
A: 7,28gam B: 5,6gam C: 8,40gam D:
7,40gam
Bi gii:
Cch 1: Tng t nh v d 1, i vi cch 1
- Quy v hn hp X v hai cht Fe v Fe
2
O
3
:

Ti liu ca thc s: Nguyn Vn Ph

7
3 3 3 2 2
Fe 6HNO Fe(NO ) 3NO 3H O
0,1
0,1
3
+ + +

S mol ca nguyn t Fe to oxit Fe
2
O
3
l:
2 3
Fe Fe O
m 0,1 1 m 0,1
n mol n
56 3 2 56 3
| | | |
= =
| |
\ . \ .

Vy m
X
= m
Fe
+
2 3
Fe O
m
0,1 1 m 0,1
11, 2 56. .160
3 2 56 3
| |
= +
|
\ .
m = 8,4 C ng
Cch 2: Tng t cch 2 quy i hn hp X v FeO v Fe
2
O
3
m = 8,4
g
Cch 3: Tng t cch 3 quy i hn hp X v Fe
x
O
y
m = 8,4 g
Cch 4: p dng cng thc gii nhanh.
hh e
Fe
7.m 56.n 7.11, 2 56.0,1
m 8, 4gam
10 10
+ +
= = =
=> C ng
Bi ton 5: Ho tan ht m gam hn hp X gm Fe, Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
trong
dung dch HNO
3
c nng thu c 4,48 lt kh mu nu duy nht (ktc).
C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 145,2gam mui khan, gi tr m
l:
A: 78,4g B: 139,2g C: 46,4g D: 46,256g
Bi gii:
p dng phng php quy i: Quy hn hp X v hn hp hai cht
Cch 1: Quy hn hp X v 2 cht Fe v Fe
2
O
3
:
Ho tan hn hp X vo dung dch HNO
3
c nng d.
Ta c: Fe + 6HNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ 3NO
2
| + 3H
2
O (1)
0,2/3 0,2/3 0,2
Fe
2
O
3
+ 6HNO
3
2Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ 3H
2
O (2)
Ta c:
2
NO
4, 48
n 0, 2mol
22, 4
= = ;
3 3
Fe(NO )
145, 2
n n 0, 6mol
242
= = =
mui khan

T pt (2):
2 3 3 3
Fe O Fe( NO )
1 1 0, 2 0,8
n n 0, 6 (mol)
2 2 3 3
| |
= = =
|
\ .


2
2 3
Fe Fe O
h X
0, 2 0,8
m m n .56 .160 46, 4g
3 3
= + = + =
C ng
Nu
2
2 3
Fe Fe O
h X
m m n 0, 66.56 0, 266.160 46, 256g = + = + = D sai
Cch 2: Quy hn hp X v hn hp 2 cht FeO v Fe
2
O
3
ta c:
3 3 3 2 2
2 3 3 3 3 2
FeO + 4HNO Fe(NO ) + NO + 2H O (3)
0,2 0,2 0,2
Fe O + 6HNO 2Fe(NO ) +3H O (4)
0,2mol 0,4mol



Ti liu ca thc s: Nguyn Vn Ph

8

3 3
Fe(NO )
145, 2
n 0, 6mol
242
= =
, m
X
= 0,2 (72 + 160) = 46,4gam C ng
Ch : + Nu t (4) khng cn bng
2 3
Fe O
n 0, 4mol =
m
X
= 0,2 (72 + 2 . 160) = 78,4 gam A sai
Cch 3: Quy hn hp X v mt cht l Fe
x
O
y
:
Fe
x
O
y
+ (6x -2y) HNO
3
xFe(NO
3
)
3
+ (3x - 2y)NO
2
+ (3x - y)
H
2
O

0, 2
3x 2y
0,6 0,2
p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t Fe:
0, 2 0, 6
3x 2y x
=

6y= 8x

x 3
y 4
= Fe
3
O
4

2
h
0, 2
m .232 46, 4g
3.3 4.2
= =

C ng
Ch : + Nu m
hh
= 0,6 232 = 139,2 g B sai
Cch 4: p dng cng thc gii nhanh.
3 3
Fe Fe(NO )
145, 2
n n 0, 6mol
242
= = =
=> m
Fe
= 0,6.56=33,6 gam
Fe e
hh
10.m 56.n 10.33, 6 56.0, 2
m 46, 4gam
7 7

= = =
=> C ng
Bi ton 6: Ho tan hon ton 49.6 gam hh X gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
v
Fe
3
O
4
bng H
2
SO
4
c, nng thu c dung dch Y v 8.96 lt kh
SO
2
(ktc). Thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca oxi trong hn hp X
v khi lng mui trong dung dch Y ln lt l:
A. 20.97% v 140 gam. B. 37.50% v 140 gam.
C. 20.97% v 180 gam D.37.50% v 120 gam.
Bi gii:
Cch 1: + Quy hn hp X v hai cht FeO v Fe
2
O
3
ta c:
49,6gam
2 4 2 4 3 2 2
2 3 2 4 2 4 3 2
2FeO 4H SO Fe (SO ) SO 4H O
0, 8 0, 4 0, 4mol
Fe O 3H SO Fe (SO ) 3H O
0, 05 0, 05
+ + +



`
+ +



)

2 3
2 3
Fe O
Fe O
m 49, 6 0, 8.72 8g
8
n 0, 05mol
160
= =
= =

n
oxi (X)
= 0,8 + 3.(-0,05) = 0,65mol

O
0, 65.16.100
%m 20, 97%
49, 6
= =
A v C
2 4 3
Fe (SO )
m [0, 4 ( 0, 05)).400 140gam = + = A ng

Ti liu ca thc s: Nguyn Vn Ph

9
Ch : + Nu
2 4 3
Fe (SO )
m (0, 4 0, 05).400 180g = + = C sai
+ Tng t quy i v hai cht khc
Cch 2. p dng phng php quy i nguyn t
Ta xem 49,6 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
l hn
hp ca x mol Fe v y mol O. Ta c: m
HH
=56x+16y =49,6 (1).
Mt khc qu trnh cho v nhn electron nh sau
0 3
Fe 3e Fe
x 3x
+


0 2
O 2e O
y 2y


6 4
S 2e S
...0,8 0, 4
+ +
+


p dng LBT E ta c:

e
n 2y 0,18 3x, 3x 2y 0,8 (2) = + = => =
Gii h (1) v (2) => x=0,7 mol, y=0,65 mol.
2 4 3
2 4 3
Fe (SO ) Fe
Fe (SO )
0, 65.16 1
%O 100% 20, 97%, n n 0, 35mol
249, 6 2
m 0, 35.400 140gam A dung
= = = =
=> = =

Cch 3: p dng cng thc gii nhanh.

hh e
Fe
7.m 56.n 7.49, 6 56.0, 4.2
m 39, 2gam
10 10
+ +
= = =

49, 6 39, 2
%O .100 20, 97%
49, 6

= =

2 4 3 2 4 3
Fe (SO ) Fe Fe (SO )
1 39, 2
n n 0,35mol, m 0,35.400 140gam
2 56.2
= = = = =
=> A ng

Bi ton 7: kh hon ton 3,04 gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe
3
O
4
,
Fe
2
O
3,
cn 0,05 mol H
2
. Mt khc ho tan hon ton 3,04 gam hn
hp X trong dung dch H
2
SO
4
c nng th thu c th tch V ml
SO
2
(ktc). Gi tr V(ml) l:
A.112 ml B. 224 ml C. 336 ml D. 448
ml.
Bi gii:
Cch 1:
Quy i hn hp X v hn hp hai cht FeO v Fe
2
O
3
vi s mol l x,
y
Ta c:
0
t
2 2
FeO H Fe H O + + (1)
x x x
Fe
2
O
3
+ 3H
2
2Fe + 3H
2
O (2)
y 3y 2y

Ti liu ca thc s: Nguyn Vn Ph

10
T (1) v (2) ta c:
x 3y 0, 05 x 0, 02mol
72x 160y 3, 04 y 0, 01mol
+ = =


+ = =


2FeO + 4 H
2
SO
4
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ SO
2
+ 4H
2
O (3)
0,02mol 0,01mol
Vy
2
SO
V =0,01 22,4 = 0,224 lt hay 224ml B ng
Ch : Nu (3) khng cn bng:
2
SO
V = 0,02 22,4 = 0,448 lt = 448ml
D sai
Cch 2: p dng cng thc gii nhanh.
O H2 O
n n 0,05mol, m 0,05.16 0,8gam = = = = m
Fe
= m
xit
m
O
=2,24 gam =>
e 2
10.22, 4 7.3, 04
n 0, 01mol, Vso 0, 01.22, 4 0, 224lit 224ml
56.2

= = = = =
B ng
Bi ton 8: Hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
vi s mol mi
cht l 0.1 mol ho tan ht vo dung dch Y gm ( HCl, H
2
SO
4
long)
d thu c dung dch Z. Nh t t dung dch Cu(NO
3
)
2
1M vo dd Z
cho ti khi ngng thot kh NO. Th tch dung dch Cu(NO
3
)
2
cn dng
v th tch kh thot ra ktc thuc phng n no:
A. 50 ml v 6.72 lt B. 100 ml v 2.24 lt.
C. 50 ml v 2.24 lt D. 100 ml v 6.72 lt.
Bi gii:
Quy hn hp 0,1 mol Fe
2
O
3
v 0,1 mol FeO thnh 0,1 mol Fe
3
O
4

Hn hp X gm: Fe
3
O
4
mol: Fe(0,2mol) + dung dch Y
Fe
3
O
4
+ 8H
+
Fe
2+
+ 2Fe
3+
+ 4H
2
O (1)
0,2mol 0,2 0,4mol
Fe + 2H
+
Fe
2+
+ H
2
| (2)
0,1 0,1
D
2
Z (Fe
2+
: 0,3mol; Fe
3+
: 0,4mol) + Cu(NO
3
)
2
(3)
2 3
3 2
3Fe NO 4H 3Fe NO 2H O
+ + +
+ + + | + (4)
0,3 0,1 0,1
V
NO
= 0,1 22,4 = 2,24 lt;
3 2
3
Cu(NO )
NO
1
n n 0, 05mol
2

= =

2
3 2
d Cu(NO )
0, 05
n 0, 05
1
= = lt (hay 50ml) C ng
Ch : + Nu
3 2 3 2
3
Cu(NO ) Cu(NO )
NO
n n 0,1mol V 100ml

= = = B sai

Ti liu ca thc s: Nguyn Vn Ph

11
+ T (4) nu khng cn bng: V
NO
= 0,3 22,4 = 6,72 lt A sai
Bi ton 9: Nung x mol Fe v 0,15 mol Cu trong khng kh mt thi
gian thu c 63,2 gam hn hp cht rn. Ho tan hon ton hn hp
cht rn trn

bng H
2
SO
4
c, nng, d thu c dung dch Y v 6,72 lt
kh SO
2
(ktc). Gi tr ca x mol l:
A. 0,7 mol B. 0,3 mol C. 0,45 mol D. 0,8 mol
Bi gii.
Xem hn hp cht rn l hn hp ca x mol Fe , 0,15 mol Cu v y mol
O.
Ta c: m
HH
=56x + 64.0,15 +16y=63,2
56x+16y=53,6 (1)
Mt khc qu trnh cho v nhn electron nh sau
0 3 0 2
Fe 3e Fe Cu 2e Cu
x 3x 0,15 0,3
+ +



0 2
O 2e O
y 2y


6 4
S 2e S
...0, 6 0, 3
+ +
+


p dng LBT E ta c:

e
n 3x 0,3 0,6 2y, 3x 2y 0,3 (2) = + = + => =
Gii h (1) v (2) => x=0,7 mol, y=0,9 mol. A ng
Bi ton 10. Ho tan ht m gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeS , FeS
2
, v S
bng HNO
3
nng d thu c 9,072 lt kh mu nu duy nht (ktc, sn
phm kh duy nht ) v dung dch Y. Chia dung dch Y thnh 2 phn
bng nhau.
Phn 1 cho tc dng vi dung dch BaCl
2
d thu c 5,825 gam
kt ta trng.
Phn 2 tan trong dung dch NaOH d thu c kt ta Z, nung Z
trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c a gam cht rn.
Gi tr ca m v a ln lt l:
A. 5,52 gam v 2,8 gam. B. 3,56 gam v 1,4 gam.

C. 2,32 gam v 1,4 gam D. 3,56 gam v 2,8 gam.

Bi gii.
Xem hn hp cht rn X l hn hp ca x mol Fe u v y mol S.
Qu trnh cho v nhn electron nh sau

Ti liu ca thc s: Nguyn Vn Ph

12
0 3
Fe 3e Fe
x 3x x
+

0 6
S 6e S
y 6y y
+



5 4
N 1e N
...0, 405 0, 405mol
+ +
+


p dng LBT E ta c:

2
e NO
9, 072
n 3x 6y n 0, 405mol, 3x 6y 0, 405 (1)
22, 4
= + = = = => + =

Mt khc trong 1/2 dung dch Y:
0
2
4
3
3OH t
2
3 3
6
Ba 2
4 4
BaSO
Fe Fe(OH) (Z) Fe O
x x
mol ................................ mol
2 4
S(SO ) BaSO
y y
mol..................... mol
2 2
y 5,825
n 0, 025mol y 0, 05mol
2 233

+
+
+

+
+
= = = => =

Thay vo (1) ta c x=0,035 mol
m = m
X
=56x+32y=56.0,035+32.0,05=3,56 gam

2 3
Fe O
x 0, 035
a m .160 .160 1, 4gam
4 4
= = = = => B ng.
iii. bi tp t gii
Bi 1: Ho tan ht m gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
bng
HNO
3
thu c 2.24 lt kh mu nu duy nht (ktc). C cn dung
dch sau phn ng c 96.8 gam mui khan. Gi tr m l:
A. 55.2 gam. B. 31.2 gam. C. 23.2 gam D. 46.4 gam.
Bi 2: Ho tan 52.2 gam hh X gm FeO, Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
bng HNO
3

c, nng thu c 3.36 lt kh NO
2
(ktc). C cn dd sau phn ng
c m gam mui khan. Gi tr m l:
A. 36.3 gam. B. 161.535 gam. C. 46.4 gam D. 72.6 gam.
Bi 3: Vo th k XVII cc nh khoa hc ly c mt mu st
nguyn cht t cc mnh v ca thin thch. Sau khi em v phng th
nghim do bo qun khng tt nn n b oxi ha thnh m gam cht rn X
gm Fe v cc xit ca n. xc nh khi lng ca mu st th cc
nh khoa hc cho m gam cht rn X trn vo vo dung dch HNO
3
long thu c kh NO duy nht v dung dch mui Y, c cn dung dch
mui Y cn nng 48,4 gam cht rn khan. Mu thin thch bng st
nguyn cht c khi lng l:
A. 11,2gam. B. 5,6 gam C. 16,8 gam D. 8,4 gam

Ti liu ca thc s: Nguyn Vn Ph

13
Bi 4: Vo th k XIX cc nh khoa hc ly c mt mu st
nguyn cht t cc mnh v ca thin thch. Sau khi em v phng th
nghim cc nh khoa hc ly 2,8 gam Fe trong ng th nghim
khng y np kn n b xi ha thnh m gam cht rn X gm Fe v cc
xit ca n. Cho m
1
gam cht rn X trn vo vo dung dch HNO
3
long
thu c 896 ml kh NO duy nht (ktc) v dung dch mui Y, c cn
dung dch mui Y cn nng m
2
gam cht rn khan.
1. gi tr ca m
2
l:
A. 72,6 gam B. 12,1 gam. C. 16,8 gam D. 72,6 gam
2. gi tr ca m
1
l:
A. 6,2gam. B. 3,04 gam. C. 6,68 gam D. 8,04 gam
Bi 5: mt chic kim bng st lu ngy b oxi ha, sau ngi ta cn
c 8,2 gam st v cc xit st cho ton b vo dung dch HNO
3
c
nng thu c 4,48 lt kh mu nu duy nht (ktc) v dung dch mui
Y, c cn dung dch mui Y thu c m gam mui khan.
1. khi lng chic kim bng st l:
A. 6,86 gam. B. 3,43 gam. C. 2,42 gam D. 6.26 gam
2. gi tr ca m gam mui l:
A. 29,645 gam. B. 29,5724 gam. C. 31,46 gam D. 29,04
gam
Bi 6: Cc nh khoa hc ly m
1
gam mt mnh v thin thach bng
st nguyn cht do bo qun khng tt nn n b oxi ha thnh m
2
gam
cht rn X gm Fe v cc xit ca n. xc nh khi lng ca mu
st th cc nh khoa hc cho m
2
gam cht rn X trn vo vo dung
dch HNO
3
long d thu c 6,72 lt kh NO duy nht(ktc) v dung
dch mui Y, c cn dung dch mui Y cn nng 121 gam cht rn khan.
1. gi tr ca l: m
1

A. 28 gam B. 56 gam. C. 84 gam D. 16,8 gam
2. gi tr ca m
2
l:
A. 32,8 gam. B. 65,6 gam. C. 42,8 gam D. 58,6 gam
Bi 7: cc nh thm him tm thy mt cht rn b g st di i
dng, sau khi a mu g st xc nh khi lng st trc khi b oxi
ha th ngi ta cho 16 gam g st vo vo dung dch HNO
3
c nng
d thu c 3,684 lt kh NO
2
duy nht(ktc) v dung dch mui X, c
cn dung dch mui X cn nng m gam cht rn khan.
1. khi lng st ban u l:

Ti liu ca thc s: Nguyn Vn Ph

14
A. 11,200 gam B. 12,096 gam. C. 11,760 gam D. 12,432
gam
2. gi tr ca m l:
A. 52,514 gam. B. 52,272 gam. C. 50,820 gam D. 48,400
gam
Bi 8: cho 12,096 gam Fe nung trong khng kh thu c m
1
gam cht
rn X gm Fe v cc xit ca n. Cho m
1
gam cht rn X trn vo vo
dung dch H
2
SO
4
c nng thu c 1,792 lt kh SO
2
duy nht (ktc) v
dung dch mui Y, c cn dung dch mui Y cn nng m
2
gam cht rn
khan.
1. gi tr ca m
1
l:
A. 14 gam B. 16 gam. C. 18 gam D. 22,6 gam
2. gi tr ca m
2
l:
A. 43,6 gam. B. 43,2 gam. C. 42,0 gam D. 46,8 gam
Bi 9: Sau khi khai thc qung bxit nhm c ln cc tp cht: SiO
2
, Fe,
cc oxit ca Fe. loi b tp cht ngi ta cho qung vo dung dch
NaOH c nng d thu c dung dch X v m gam cht rn khng tan
Y. xc nh m gam cht rn khng tan chim bao nhiu phn trmtng
qung ta cho m gam cht rn vo dung dch HNO
3
long d thu c
6,72 lt kh NO duy nht(ktc) v dung dch mui Y, c cn dung dch
mui Y cn nng 121 gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca l m
1

A. 32,8 gam B. 34,6 gam. C. 42,6 gam D. 36,8 gam
Bi 10: Ha tan hon ton mt xit st Fe
x
O
y
bng dung dch H
2
SO
4
c
nng thu c 2,24 lt kh SO
2
duy nht (ktc) v dung dch mui Y, c
cn dung dch mui Y cn nng 120 gam cht rn khan. Cng thc phn
t ca xit st l:
A. FeO B. Fe
2
O
3
C. Fe
3
O
4
D. Khng xc nh
c
Bi 11: Nung y mol Fe trong khng kh mt thi gian thu c 16,08
gam hn hp A gm 4 cht rn gm Fe v cc xit st. ha tan ht lng
hn hp A trn bng dung dch HNO
3
long d thu c 672 ml kh NO
duy nht(ktc) v dung dch mui. Gi tr ca l y:
A. 0.21 mol B. 0,232 mol. C. 0,426 mol D. 36,8 mol
Bi 12: Ha tan m gam hn hp X bn cht rn gm Fe v cc xit st
bng dung dch HNO
3
d thu c 4,48 lit kh NO
2
duy nht(ktc) v
145,2 gam mui khan. Gi tr ca l m gam:

Ti liu ca thc s: Nguyn Vn Ph

15
A. 44 gam B. 46,4 gam. C. 58 gam D. 22 gam
Bi 13. t chy hon ton 6,48 gam hn hp X gm: FeS , FeS
2
, S,
Cu, CuS, FeCu
2
S
2
th cn 2,52 lt xi v thy thot ra 1,568 lt(ktc)
SO
2
, mt khc cho 6,48 gam X tc dng dung dch HNO
3
nng d thu
c V lt kh mu nu duy nht (ktc, sn phm kh duy nht ) v dung
dch Y. Cho dung dch Y tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)
2
d thu c m
gam kt ta trng.
Gi tr ca V v m ln lt l:
A. 13,44 lt v 23,44 gam. B. 8,96 lt v 15,60 gam.

C. 16,80 lt v 18,64 gam. D. 13,216 lt v 23,44 gam.
--- Ht ---


tng th. tng tht bi. Khng sao c. Hy th li. Li
tht bi. Tht bi tt hn.
Vinh quang nm trong n lc, khng phi kt qu, n lc ht
mnh l thng li hon ton.

You might also like